Due Date: July 10th 2013

Name: ____________________
Student #: _________________

Materials 1M03 Assignment 2 Answer Sheet

1. (3 marks) Calculate the energy for vacancy formation (in eV/atom) in Nickel
given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 500C is 3x10-4 per m3.
The density for this metal is 8.90 g/cm3.
Use 3 significant figures in the answer.
Answer:
!!!

!! = ! ! ( !" )
kT ln

!!
= !!
!

Solve for N, look up AW of Ni: 58.69 g/mol

!! !
!"

!=

!=

!
!"#$%
8.90 10! !
!"#
!
58.69 !/!"#

6.02210!"

! = 9.1310!"

!"#$%
!!

Plug back into first equation and solve for Qv

310!! !!!
(8.6210
)(500 + 273K) ln(
) = !!
!"#$ !
9.1310!" !!!
5

!"

!! = 4.98 !"/!"#$
2. (1 mark) For a Pb-Sn alloy that consists of 81 wt% Pb, what is the composition of
Sn (in at%)?
Use 4 significant figures in the answer
Answer: !!! = !

!! !!

! !! !!! !!

(100 81)!!
100%
(100 81)!! + 81!!
(19 207.2 !/!"#)
!!! =
100%
(19 207.2 !/!"#) + (81 118.71 !/!"#)
!!! =

Due Date: July 10th 2013

Name: ____________________
Student #: _________________
!!! = 29.05%

3. (1 mark) Which of these compounds would most likely result in an interstitial

solid solution?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)

Copper and Nickel

Carbon and Iron
Titanium and Chromium
Sodium and Chlorine
Tin and Silver
B, D, E
All of the above
None of the above

Answer: B
4. (3 marks) The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B
is 111 kJ/mol.
It is also known that the value of D at 1127 C is 7x10-11 m2/s.
Calculate the diffusion coefficient (in m^2/s) at 827 C.
!!

Answer: ! = !! exp ( !"! )

7x10!!! !! ! = !! exp (

111000 !
)
!
(8.314
)(1400 !)
!"# !

!! = 9.7010!! !! !
! = 9.7010!! !! ! exp (

111000 !
)
!
(8.314
)(1100 !)
!"# !

! = 5.2010!!" !! /!
5. (2 mark) Define Steady-State Diffusion
Answer: Where there is no net accumulation or depletion of diffusing series. The
diffusion flux is independent of time.

6. (3 marks) It's possible to purify hydrogen gas by diffusing it through a thin sheet of
palladium.

Due Date: July 10th 2013

Name: ____________________
Student #: _________________

Calculate the number of kilograms of hydrogen that pass through a 1.5 mm thick
sheet of palladium per hour under the following conditions:
The palladium sheet has an area of 0.8 m2.
The temperature during the diffusion is 300 C.
The diffusion coefficient is 1.33 m2/s.
The concentrations on the high and low-pressure sides of the sheet are 4 and 0.6
kg of hydrogen per cubic meter of palladium.
Steady-state conditions have been attained.
(Give your answer in kg/hr)
Use scientific notation, significant figures in answer: 3
!"

Answer: ! = ! !"

!"
!! (0.6 4) !!
! = (1.33 )
! (1.510!! !)
!"
! = 3,014.67 !
! !
#kg/hr = J*t*area
kg
!"
!
# = 3,014.67 ! 3600 0.8!!
hr
! !
!
kg
# = 8.68 10! !"/!
hr

7. (1 mark) The ____________________ of a diffusing species is the amount of

energy required to cause 1 mole of atoms to diffuse within a host metal.
Answer: Activation Energy
8. (1 mark) True or False
The diffusion flux is the driving force for diffusion (the force that compels a
reaction to occur).
Answer: False, the concentration gradient is the driving force
9. (3 marks) If an evil doctor came up with an evil plan to booby-trap the classroom
with an arsenal of 2L diet cola containers and a spherical mint candy to drop in

Due Date: July 10th 2013

Name: ____________________
Student #: _________________

each. How small in diameter (in cm) would each spherical mint candy need to be
for the reactions not to occur thus saving the class!
Assume the surface energy of the mint candy is 1,560 J/m2 and the volume free
energy of solution is -300,000 J/m3.
Answer:
4
!!"! = !! ! !!"# + 4!! ! !!
3
!!!"!
= 0 = 4!! ! !!"# + 8!"!!
!"
r =
r =

2!!
!!"#

2(1560)
300,000

r = 1.04 cm
d < 2.08 cm

10. (2 marks) What are the two conditional terms that must be met for an atom to
diffuse from one lattice site to another?
Answer:
a. There must be an empty adjacent site
b. The atom must have sufficient energy

Mark:

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