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0 INTRODUCTION
The experiment physical pendulum, the wooden pendulum serves as an example of
inhomogeneous pendulum with a complicated geometry. As an example, the frequencies of
free vibration of a wooden pendulum are computed. So, there is a need to have physical
models like wooden pendulum to carry out in this experiment. During this experiment,
wooden pendulum used to show how the mass moment of inertia of an unknown body could
be determined by the way of oscillation of that body. At the end of the experiment we will
find and discuss the relationship between mass moment of inertia and the way of oscillation
of different body shape of that wooden pendulum.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
To determine the mass moment of inertia(at the centre of gravity Ig, and at suspension
wooden pendulum.
To know the importance of mass moment of inertia in our daily life.
To discover the application mass momenr of inertia in real life application.
3.0 THEORY
Physical pendulum, in terms of a rigid body, is pivoted to oscillate. In this case, there
is no requirement of a string. Thus, no tension is involved in this. Besides these physical
ramifications, the working compound pendulum is essentially the same as that of a simple
pendulum except in two important aspects. First, the gravity of a compound pendulum acts
through centre of mass of the rigid body. Hence, the length of the pendulum used in the
equation is equals to the linear distance between the pivot and the centre of mass. Secondly,
the moment of inertia of the rigid body about point suspension
mL
as in the case of
a simple pendulum.
=10 .
of the force due to the weight applied with the lever arm,
The component F
rG ,
at the centre of
L
w sin
w
w cos
General formula used for finding the Mass Moment of Inertia using the Parallel Axis
Theorem:
I A =I G +m r A2
I B=I G +m r B2
rA
Mass =
600g
rB
8cm
A
80c
m
M A , external =M A ,effective
w r A sin =I mat r A
rA
= I m r A (r A )
rA
= I m r A
rA
= ( I+ mr A )
rA
+ ( I +mr A2 ) =0
rA
+ I A =0
mgr A =0
I A +
mgr A
+
IA
=0
mg r A
mg r B
=
IA
IB
T=
IA
IB
=2
mg r A
mg r B
(By Experimental)
4.0 APPARATUS
1. Stop Watch
2. Vee support
3. Wooden
pendulum
5. Protractor
4. Frame
Figure 4.1: Overall picture apparatus that used during experiment including
frame
6.0 RESULTS
Time taken for 10 oscillations:
a) At pivot A :
T,s
14.32
Tavg,s
14.38
14.44
b) At pivot B :
T,s
14.25
Tavg,s
14.30
14.34
Calculations:
1. Volume for each components and total volume of pendulum
V = Length x Width x Height
2. Total density of wooden pendulum
3. Mass of each components
Mass
= Volume
4. Mass moment of inertia ( Experimental value )
About pivot A
Component
Mass of part, m
( kg)
1
2
3
0.6
0.0457
0.0046
Mass
moment of
inertia of
part, IO
( kgm3 )
0.032
7.771 x 10-4
1.797 x
Mass
moment of
inertia
between part
and centroid
of pendulum,
md2 ( kgm3)
0.0778
0.0107
0
IO ( kgm3 )
0.1098
0.0115
1.797 x 10-7
10-7
Component 1:
IO,1 = 1/12 m l + m d
= 1/12 (0.6) (0.8)2 + (0.6) (0.4 0.04)2
= 0.1098 kgm3
Component 2:
IO,2 = 1/12 m l + m d
= 1/12 (0.0457) (0.45)2 + (0.0457) (0.8 0.315)2
= 0.0115 kgm3
Component 3:
IO,3 = 1/4 m r + m d
= 1/4 (0.0046) (0.0125)2 + 0
= 1.797 x 10-7 kgm3
About pivot B
Component
Mass of part, m
( kg)
1
2
3
0.6
0.0457
0.0046
Mass
moment of
inertia of
part, IO
( kgm3 )
0.032
7.771 x 10-4
1.797 x
Mass
moment of
inertia
between part
and centroid
of pendulum,
md2 ( kgm3)
0.0735
2.31 x 10-3
2.32 x 10-3
IO ( kgm3 )
0.1055
3.087 x 10-3
2.320 x 10-3
10-7
Component 1:
IO,1 = 1/12 m l + m d
= 1/12 (0.6) (0.8)2 + (0.6) (0.4 0.05)2
= 0.1055 kgm3
Component 2:
IO,2 = 1/12 m l + m d
= 1/12 (0.0457) (0.45)2 + (0.0457) (0.8 0.575)2
= 3.087 x 10-3 kgm3
Component 3:
IO,3 = 1/4 m r + m d
= 1/4 (0.0046) (0.0125)2 + (0.0046) (0.8 0.09)2
= 3.744 x 10-5 kgm3
A =
(m)
0.4
0.525
0.04
Area, A ( m2)
0.8 x 0.08 = 0.064
0.45 x 0.01 = 4.5 x 10-3
x 0.01252 = 4.91 x 10-4
A = 0.069
A ( m3)
0.0256
2.364 x 10-3
1.964 x 10-5
A = 0.028
A
A
A = 0.41 m
Component
Mass of part, m
( kg)
1
2
3
0.6
0.0457
0.0046
Mass
moment of
inertia of
part, IO
( kgm3 )
0.032
7.771 x 10-4
1.797 x
Mass
moment of
inertia
between part
and centroid
of pendulum,
md2 ( kgm3)
6 x 10-5
6.04 x 10-4
6.3 x 10-4
10-7
Component 1:
I1 = 1/12 m l + m d
= 1/12 (0.6) (0.8)2 + (0.6) (0.41 0.4)2
= 0.0321 kgm3
Component 2:
I1 = 1/12 m l + m d
IO ( kgm3 )
0.0321
1.38 x 10-3
6.3 x 10-4
Thus,
T avg
10
TA = 1.438 s
Using formula, TA = 2
IA
mgRA
IA = 0.1141 kgm3
Using formula, IA = IG,A + mRA2
IG,A = 0.032 kgm3
About pivot B
Tavg = 14.30 s,
Thus,
TB =
T avg
10
TB = 1.43 s
Using this formula, TB = 2
IB
mgRB
IB = 0.1037 kgm3
Using formula, IB = IG,B + mRB2
IG,B = 0.0343 kgm3
6. Percentage errors
Pivot
A
B
Center
IG,B
Mass
moment of
inertia, I
(kgm3)
IA
IB
IG,A
0.03
Experimental
0.0983
0.1
0.03
0.0343
Theoretical
Percentage
errors (%)
0.1141
0.1037
0.032
13.85
3.57
6.25
12.54
7.0 DISCUSSIONS
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
9.0 REFERENCES
1. Singiresu S. Rao, 2011 Mechanical Vibrations, 5th Edition, Pearson, pg 40
2. Haym Benaroya and Mark L. Nagurka, Mechanical Vibration: Analysis,
Uncertainties, and Control, 3rd edition
3. Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr. and Philip J. Cornwell, 2012 Vector
Mechanics for Engineers Dynamics, 10th edition, McGraw-Hill education.
4. R.C Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap, 2012 Mechanics for Engineers Dynamics, 13 th
edition,
5. Simple wooden pendulum by the by Donald E. Simanek retrieved from the
https://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/labman1/pendulum.htm on 21th March
2016.