ANSWER SCHEME BIO PAPER 2 PPT F5 2016

SECTION A (60 MARKS)

1 (a)

Golgi apparatus

(b)

P: Transport vesicle from the endoplasmic reticulum

Q: Transport vesicle which leaves the Golgi apparatus
Y: Plasma membrane
1. Modifies the proteins and lipids it receives from the ER before packaging
them into vesicles and transporting them to their destination
2. in plants-manufactures certain molecules such as pectin and non-cellulose
polysaccharides.

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(d)

Lysosome

(e)

i) A goblet cell in the epithelium of the intestine which secretes mucus.

ii) A cell in the root cap which secretes a slimy lubricant
The transport vesicle P which carries proteins and lipids from ER fuses with
the membranes of GA and empties its contents into the space between the
membranes.
The enzymes in the GA modify these proteins and lipids.
The GA then package these products into Q which are pinched off then fuse
with Y before their content are released outside the cell.
X : Homologous chromosome/ bivalents

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(c)

(f)

2(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(b)

meiosis I / meiosis

Aspec
t

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Peringkat pembahagian sel

Stage of cell division of cell

Perlakuan kromosom
Chromosomal behavior

Cell
P

Prophase I

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

1. Chromosome/ chromatid become cond

shorter and thicker/ visible
2. Homologous chromosome come togeth
form pair of bivalents//synapsis to form bival
2
3. crossing over occurs//exchange
of segme
genetic material between non sister chromat
4. nucleolus/ nuclear membrane disappear
5. spindle fibre will be form/ radiate
1. Paired homologous chromosomes are arra
on the metaphase plate
Separation of the homologous chromoso
bivalent and chromosome move to opposite
2

(c)

A: Anaphase

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(d)

3(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(b)
(ii)

B: Metaphase
F: Carcinogenic substance cause uncontrolled mitosis
E1: carcinogenic substances stimulate the cell to divide forming cancer cell/
tumour
E2: cancer cells attack/ destroy the normal adjacent cells
iodine

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Turn into dark blue

carbohydrate

P1:
P2:
P3:
P4:

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(end product) is glucose

(glucose) are synthesize/ produce/ generate energy by cellular respiration
to enable movement/ active transport/ reproduction
excess glucose are converted into glycogen

Any 2
(c)(i)

(c)
(ii)
(d)

(e)
4

5(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)

Structure
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
amylase

Digestion
occurs
/

3 / - 2m
2 / - 1m
1 / - 0m

/
/

F: by facilitated diffusion
P1: glucose bind to active site of carrier protein
P2: carrier protein change its shape
P3: glucose diffuse follow the concentration gradient
P4: without energy ATP

F: pancreatic juice cannot secrete amylase

P1: hydrolysis starch into maltose not complete
a) i) interneurone
ii) afferent neurone
iii) efferent neurone
b) receptor
c) effector
d) transmit impulses from an afferent neurone to an efferent neurone
transmit implulses from a receptor to the central nervous system
tansmit impulses from the CNS to an effector
e)(i) A: afferent neurone
B: Interneurone
C: Efferent neurone

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(ii) effector
Blood capillaries

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One cell thick/ single layered cells//semi permeable

(b)
(i)

(b)
(ii)

(c)

(d)

F: the blood/ the blood capillaries has very high hydrostatic pressure
E1: forcing the blood plasma without the plasma proteins/ erythrocytes/
platelets
E2: to diffuse out into the spaces between the tissue// to form interstitial fluid
E3: 10%/ small quantity/ part of the fluid diffused into the lymphatic
capillaries ( the vessels with blunt end)
E4: forming lymph/ lymphatic fluid
F1: Fluid in Y is red in colour but fluid in Q is colourless
E1: because fluid in Y has haemoglobin but fluid in Q does not have
haemoglobin
F2: fluid Y contain red blood cell/ protein plasma but fluid in Q has no red
blood cell/ protein plasma
E2: because the red blood cells/ protein plasma are too large to diffuse out of
the blood capillaries ( to form interstitial fluid)
E1: maintaining the composition of blood
E2: the 10%/ small quantity of the interstitial/ body fluid diffuse into lymph
capillary (to form lymph)
E3: (lymph flows from lymph capillary) into lymph vessels
E4: (lymph from left part) drained into thoracic duct// (lymph from right part)
drained into right lymphatic duct.
E5: enter to vena cava/ circulatory system by left subclavian vein// enter to
vena cava/ circulatory system by right subclavian vein
F: (lymph node) produce lymphocytes
E1: (lymphocytes) produce antibodies
E2: antibody react specific to antigen
E3: such as agglutinin/ lysine/ antitoxin

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SECTION B (40 MARKS)

6

a)
P1: During the day, light stimulates photosynthesis in the guard cells
P2: They synthesise glucose and generate energy for the active transport of
mineral ions
P3: The guard cells accumulate K+ ions from adjacent cells through active
transport
P4: The guard cells become hypertonic and water from adjacent cells enters
the guard cells by osmosis
P5: The guard cells swell up become turgid and open.
b)
P1: Acid rain destroys photosynthetic tissue. Plant leaves turn yellow and fall
off
P2: damages plant roots making them unable to absorb minerals
P3: leaching of minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium ionsAffect the growth of crop plants.
P4: smoke particles in haze deposit on leaves and block stomata. This
prevent gaseous exchange.
P5; Haze reduce light intensity
P6: both lower the photosynthetic rate reduce crop yields
c)
P1: water on the external surface of the mesophyll evaporates, saturating the
air spaces within the mesophyll with water vapour.
P2: The atmosphere is less saturated with water vapour
P3: Concentration of water vapour in the atmosphere is lower than the
concentration of water vapour in the air spaces of the leaf
P4: Water vapour in the air spaces evaporates and diffuses through the stoma
P5: the loss of water from a mesophyll cell makes the cell hypertonic to a n
adjacent cell
P6: water from the adjacent cell diffuses into the mesophyll cell by osmosis
P7: water continue to diffuse from neighbouring cells
P8: eventually water is drawn from the xylem vessels in the vein
P9: a tension or pulling force is thus created
P10: the pulling or suction force is known as transpirational pull
P11: transpiration in the leaf help to pull water from the xylem tissue to the
atmosphere

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7(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)

M spiracles
N tracheole
F1: the structure of respiration was tracheal system
E1: in both sides of the thorax and abdomen of insect breathing pores/
spiracles
E2: the opening and closing of spiracles is controlled by a valve that lets air in
and out of his body
E3: each trachea branched out to the rest of the body to form a network of
trachea
E4: each trachea was supported by rings of chitin to prevent it from
collapsing
E5: each trachea ended with tracheole surrounded by fluid and open out
through spiracles
E6: tracheole adjustment for gas exchange is as much tracheole structure/
wall wet/ thin epithelial walls// there are many tracheole to increase the
amount of surface area for gas exchange by diffusion in tracheole
E7: tracheole moist tip to improve absorption
E8: each tracheole ended with cells (not required hemoglobin for transfer of
gas)
F2: Rythme breathing mechanism involving the movement of the abdominal
muscles
E8: cause contraction and relaxation of muscles in the abdomen
E9: abdominal muscles controlling the pressure in the trachea to remove / fill
the air
E10: abdominal muscles relax the valve open spiracles
E11: pressure in the trachea is reduced
E12: the air is pushed into the body through the spiracles
E13: abdominal muscle contraction
E14: increased pressure in the trachea
E15: the air is pushed out through the spiracles

(b)

F1: 5 marks
F2: 5 marks
S1: both of respiratory organs has respiratory surface thin wall//one cell thick
E1: which helps in the diffusion of respiratory gaseous
S2: both or the respiratory organs have respiratory surface such as alveolus
in human and tracheole in insect
E2: provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange
D1: trachea in human is supported by cartilage and trachea in insect is
supported by chitin
E1: air reaches the body cell/ muscle cell through trachea, bronchus,
bronchiole but in insect air reaches the body cell through trachea and
tracheole
D2: the wall of the alveolus is moist surface but the tracheole has tracheole
fluid
E2: respiratory gases can dissolve into alveolus in human and respiratory
gases dissolve in tracheal fluid in insect
D3: alveolus in human covered by network of blood capillaries but not for
tracheole in insect
E3: in human gaseous need to be transported to and from muscle cell but not
in insect

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8(a)
(i)

8(a)
(ii)

(b)(i)

(b)
(ii)

9(a)
(i)
(a)
(II)

P1: X is prey// rat// other examples and Y is predator// snake// other examples
P2: An increase of rat population is followed by an increase in the snake
population
P3: this will lead to the reduction/ decrease of rat population
P4: because snake feed on/ eat the rats
P5: when the rat population is reduced, there will be less food for the snake
P6: this cause the decrease/ reduction of snake population
P7: there will be less predation
P8: causing the increase of the rat population
P9: the cycle continues and keep the population in dynamic equilibrium
P1 and any 5P
P1: cheap compared to chemical control
P2: the predator attack only the prey// other organisms are not affected
P3: no side effect to the environment
Any 2
P1: fertilizers/ animal waste/ silage contain nitrate/ phosphate
P2: washed out in water when it rain// leach/ run into the lake and enriched it
with nutrients
P3: algae/ green plants grow rapidly// algal bloom
P4: this will (cover the surface of the water and) block the sunlight (for the
plants growing in the lake)
P5: this reduce the rate of photosynthesis
P6: and reduced the dissolve oxygen in the lake
P7: the aquatic plants and algae (eventually) die
P8: decomposed by bacteria
P9: which further reduce the dissolved oxygen / used up the dissolved oxygen
P10: increase the lake BOD and cause the death/ reduction of aquatic animals
Any 9
P1: treating sewage will remove harmful microorganisms/ bacteria and
nutrients ( which cause eutrophication)
P2: then the water can be reused/ recycle/ release into the river/ sea
P3: organic fertilizers ( such as manure) does not contain much nitrates/
phosphate ( which can leach out from the soil)
P4: they release their nutrients gradually (over a long period of time) giving
crops time to absorb them efficiently

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Any 3
No. It is not a balance diet.

F1: obesity
E1: due to excess carbohydrates/ fats in burgers/ French fries
E2: convert into fats and stored in adipose tissues
F2: diabetes mellitus:
E3: due to excess sugar in carbonated drink
E4: cause excess glucose level in body
F3: cardiovascular diseases/ any example related to cardiovascular disease
E5: due to excess cholesterols
E6: cause the lumen of arteries become narrower
F4: constipation

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(b)

E7: due to no fibre/ roughage

Suggested food
S1: add salad
E8: to increase the fibres to avoid constipation
S2: drink plain water
E9: to reduce sugar intake which help to avoid diabetes mellitus

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Good effect:
G1: able to avoid food poisoning through hygienic preparation
G2: get more nutrients ( vitamins/ minerals) by adding it
G3: better taste of food

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Bad effect:
B1: High content of sugar cause high blood sugar level
B2: lead to diabetes mellitus
B3: high content of salts cause blood osmotic pressure increase
B4: lead to hypertension
B5: high carcinogenic substances enhances mutation/ cancer
B6: Low nutrient contents of food due to high temperature used, vitamins will
destroy
B7: lead to malnutrition
B8: rusted can lead to bacteria growth in it
B9: lead to food contamination
Any 8

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