Typhoon Haiyan

This article is about the 2013 typhoon. For other

typhoons of the same name, see Typhoon Haiyan
(disambiguation). For other uses, see Tropical Storm
Yolanda.

at Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Gradually weakening, the

storm made ve additional landfalls in the country before
emerging over the South China Sea. Turning northwestward, the typhoon eventually struck northern Vietnam as
a severe tropical storm on November 10. Haiyan was last
Typhoon Haiyan, known as Typhoon Yolanda in noted as a tropical depression by the JMA the following
day.
the Philippines, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, which devastated portions of The cyclone caused catastrophic destruction in the
Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines, on Novem- Visayas, particularly on Samar and Leyte. According to
ber 8, 2013.* [1] It is the deadliest Philippine typhoon UN ocials, about 11 million people have been aected
on record,* [2] killing at least 6,300 people in that coun- many have been left homeless.* [7]
try alone.* [3] Haiyan is also the strongest storm recorded
at landfall. In January 2014, bodies were still being
found.* [4]
1 Meteorological history
The thirtieth named storm of the 2013 Pacic typhoon
season, Haiyan originated from an area of low pressure Main article: Meteorological history of Typhoon Haiyan
several hundred kilometers east-southeast of Pohnpei in
On November 2, the Joint Typhoon Warning Centhe Federated States of Micronesia on November 2, 2013.
Tracking generally westward, environmental conditions
favored tropical cyclogenesis and the system developed
into a tropical depression the following day. After becoming a tropical storm and attaining the name Haiyan
at 0000 UTC on November 4, the system began a period
of rapid intensication that brought it to typhoon intensity
by 1800 UTC on November 5. By November 6, the Joint
Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed the system
as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon on the SarSimpson hurricane wind scale; the storm passed over the
island of Kayangel in Palau shortly after attaining this
strength.
Map showing the path of a storm as represented by colored dots
connected by a white line; the position of the dots indicates the
storm's position at six-hour intervals, while color denotes the
storm's intensity at that point.

Thereafter, it continued to intensify; at 1200 UTC on

November 7, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
upgraded the storm's maximum ten-minute sustained
winds to 230 km/h (145 mph), the highest in relation to
the cyclone. The Hong Kong Observatory put the storm's
maximum ten-minute sustained winds at 285 km/h (180
mph)* [5] prior to landfall in the central Philippines, while
the China Meteorological Administration estimated the
maximum two-minute sustained winds at the time to be
around 78 m/s (280 km/h or 175 mph). At the same
time, the JTWC estimated the system's one-minute sustained winds to 315 km/h (195 mph), unocially making Haiyan the strongest tropical cyclone ever observed
based on wind speed, a record which would then be surpassed by Hurricane Patricia in 2015 at 345 km/h (215
mph).* [6] It's also the strongest tropical cyclone in the
Eastern Hemisphere; several others have recorded lower
central pressure readings. Several hours later, the eye
of the cyclone made its rst landfall in the Philippines

ter (JTWC) began monitoring a broad low-pressure

area about 425 kilometers (265 miles) east-southeast
of Pohnpei, one of the states in the Federated States
of Micronesia.* [nb 1] Moving through a region favoring tropical cyclogenesis,* [9] the Japan Meteorological
Agency (JMA) classied the developing system as a
tropical depression early on November 3.* [10]* [nb 2]
Subsequent intensication resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a tropical storm and assigning it the
name Haiyan (Chinese: ; literally: "petrel") at 0000
UTC on November 4.* [10] Tracking generally westward
along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge,* [12]
rapid intensication ensued by November 5 as a central
dense overcast with an embedded eye began developing; the JMA classied Haiyan as a typhoon later that
1

2 PREPARATIONS

day.* [10] By November 6, the Philippine Atmospheric,

Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) assigned the storm the local name Yolanda
as it approached their area of responsibility.* [13] Intensication slowed somewhat during the day, though the
JTWC estimated the storm to have attained Category 5equivalent super typhoon status on the SarSimpson
hurricane wind scale around 1200 UTC.* [nb 3]* [15]
Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of
Kayangel in Palau.* [16]

as a severe tropical storm.* [10] Once onshore, the storm

quickly diminished and was last noted as it dissipated over
Guangxi Province, China during November 11.* [10]

Comparison between Haiyan and Katrina

Typhoon Haiyan near Palau on November 6

Around 1200 UTC on November 7, Haiyan attained tenminute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) and a
maximum intensity (lowest barometric pressure) of 895
mbar (hPa; 26.43 inHg).* [10] Six hours later, the JTWC
estimated Haiyan to have attained one-minute sustained
winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) and gusts up to 378 km/h
(235 mph), according to preliminary track data.* [17]

Upon JTWC's declaration of Tropical Depression 31W

on November 3, a tropical storm warning was issued
for Chuuk Lagoon, Losap, and Poluwat in the Federated
States of Micronesia. Further west, Faraulep, Satawal,
and Woleai, were placed under a typhoon watch while
Fananu and Ulul were placed under a tropical storm
watch.* [26] The following day, the tropical storm warning expanded to include Satawal while a typhoon warning
was issued for Woleai.* [27] Much of Yap State and the
islands of Koror and Kayangel in Palau were placed under
a typhoon watch.* [28] The government issued a mandatory evacuation for Kayangel, and although most residents
ignored the warning, they all survived the storm.* [16] As
Haiyan progressed westward, the easternmost advisories
were gradually discontinued.* [28] As Haiyan intensied
into a typhoon on November 5, warnings were raised
across Palau and Yap State.* [29]* [30] Government ofces in Melekeok were used as an evacuation building for
Palau.* [31] Despite mandatory evacuation orders, most
residents on Kayangel remained on the island and rode
out the typhoon.* [32]

The storm displayed some characteristics of an annular

tropical cyclone, though a strong convective band remained present along the western side of the system.* [17]
At 2040 UTC on November 7, Typhoon Haiyan made
landfall in Guiuan, Eastern Samar at peak intensity with
ten-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) as
measured by PAGASA.* [18] The JTWC's unocial estimate of one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195
mph) would, by that measure, make Haiyan the most
powerful storm ever recorded to strike land.* [19] Interaction with land caused slight degradation of the storm's
structure, though it remained an exceptionally powerful storm when it struck Tolosa, Leyte around 2300
UTC.* [20] The typhoon made four additional landfalls
as it traversed the Visayas:* [21] Daanbantayan, Bantayan
Island, Concepcion, and Busuanga Island. A weakened Haiyan, with its core disrupted by interaction with
the Philippines, emerged over the South China Sea late
on November 8.* [22] Environmental conditions ahead
of the storm soon became less favorable, as cool stable air began wrapping into the western side of the circulation.* [23] Continuing across the South China Sea,
Haiyan turned more northwesterly late on November 9
and through November 10 as it moved around the southwestern edge of the subtropical ridge previously steering it westward.* [24] Rapid weakening ensued as Haiyan
approached its nal landfall in Vietnam,* [25] ultimately
striking the country near Haiphong around 2100 UTC

2 Preparations
2.1 Micronesia and Palau

2.2 Philippines
Shortly before Typhoon Haiyan entered the Philippine
Area of Responsibility on November 6, PAGASA raised
Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) No.1, the lowest of
four levels, for much of the Visayas and Mindanao.* [33]
As the storm continued to approach the country, warnings expanded into Luzon and increased in severity
for eastern areas.* [34] By the evening of November 7,
PSWS No. 4, the highest level of warning which indicates winds in excess of 185 km/h (115 mph) are expected, was raised for Biliran Island, Eastern Samar,
Leyte, Northern Cebu, Metro Cebu, Samar, and Southern

2.3

Southern China

3
activated, providing widespread charitable satellite coverage to relief organizations.* [43]

2.3 Southern China

The State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters hoisted a level three emergency response in the
provinces of Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi. All shing vessels were urged to return to ports by noon on
9 November.* [44] The Hong Kong Observatory issued
the Strong Monsoon Signal at 19:10 HKT on 9 November,* [45] and it was still in place on 13 November.* [46]

2.4 Vietnam
On November 8, Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung activated the highest state of preparedness in the country.* [47] Approximately 600,000 people across southPAGASA raised rainfall warning advisory in the Central and ern and central provinces were evacuated while a further
Eastern Visayas during the passage of Haiyan (Yolanda).
200,000 were evacuated in northern provinces. Alerts
were sent to 85,328 seagoing vessels, with a collective
crew of 385,372 people, to sail to safer waters away from
Leyte.* [35]* [36] Through November 8, the coverage of
the storm. Requests were sent to China, Malaysia, InPSWS No. 4 continued to expand, with areas in southern
donesia, and the Philippines to aid any shermen who
Luzon being included.* [37]
needed immediate shelter from the typhoon.* [48] Threatening Vietnam after two other typhoons, Wutip and Nari,
there were concerns that the storm would cause signicant damage to homes with makeshift repairs.* [49]
Roughly 460,000 military personnel and other authorities
were mobilized to assist in evacuation eorts.* [48] Hundreds of ights were canceled across the country while
schools were closed on November 11. On the small island of Cn C, all residents were moved to underground
shelters with enough supplies for several days.* [50] The
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRC) branches in Vietnam prepared relief
stockpiles, consisting of food, water, housing material,
and 6.6 billion (US$310,000) in funds.* [48] The local
United Nations Resident Coordinator, Pratibha Mehta,
praised the government's actions and credited them with
saving numerous lives.* [47] However, there were complaints by many residents that the warnings came too
PSWS Map in the Philippines during the passage of Typhoon late.* [50]
Haiyan (Yolanda).

Ocials placed police ocers in the Bicol Region

ahead of the storm.* [38] In the provinces of Samar and
Leyte, classes were canceled, and residents in oodand landslide-prone areas were required to evacuate.* [39]
Some of the storm-threatened areas were aected by an
earlier earthquake in Bohol.* [40] The Philippine President requested the military to deploy planes and helicopters to the region expected to be aected.* [41] As
Haiyan was moving very fast, PAGASA issued warnings
at dierent levels to about 60 of the 80 provinces, including the capital Metro Manila.* [42] On November 8, the
International Charter on Space and Major Disasters was

3 Impact
3.1 Micronesia and Palau
On Kayangel in Palau, a high storm surge damaged several houses,* [31] while strong winds downed trees.* [16]
Despite residents' refusal to evacuate, no fatalities or major injuries took place on the island. Helicopters were
own to the island to survey damage and provide relief supplies. The government planned to evacuate those
who were left homeless from the island.* [32] Koror,

3 IMPACT

Babeldaob and Kayangel each lost access to water and

power.* [16] In Koror, winds reaching as high as 120
km/h (75 mph) blew out rooftops and downed trees and
power lines. A causeway linking an oshore hospital to
the main island was temporarily shut down after being
inundated by water.* [51] On the northern end of Babeldaob, Haiyan damaged schools and buildings.* [31] Lying
closest to Haiyan at the time of the typhoon's passage,
Kayangel was ooded in its entirety, and all homes were
destroyed. Though no people were killed there, 69 others
were displaced by the storm.* [51]

3.2

Philippines

Animated enhanced infrared satellite loop of Typhoon Haiyan

from peak intensity to landfall in the Philippines

Weather radar reectivity loop of Haiyan's landfall on Leyte Island. Tacloban City was struck by the northern eyewall, the most
powerful part of the storm.* [53]

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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Michael Devore, Gugganij, Keith Edkins, Lumidek, O'Dea, Discospinster, Bender235, Lzydata, Nigelj, Dralwik, Anthony Appleyard,
HERB, Fat pig73, Carlo.arenas, A D Monroe III, DarTar, Lunar Jesters, Barrylb, Pol098, GregorB, Chilledsunshine, Sky Harbor, Glenn L,
Benlisquare, DVdm, The Rambling Man, Wavelength, Red Slash, Splash, Rsrikanth05, CrazyC83, Moe Epsilon, Antoshi, Arthur Rubin,
Hurricanehink, Livitup, Mjroots, IrfanFaiz, Ominae, Yamaguchi , Gilliam, Muboshgu, Nick Levine, Huon, Akral, Anoopkn, Howard
the Duck, The PIPE, A5b, WayKurat, Ohconfucius, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, DLinth, Titus III, Fig wright, A. Parrot, JHunterJ, Pierre
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DMY, Jason Rees, 0704monochrome, Rif Wineld, Keith D, CommonsDelinker, Gunkarta, AstroHurricane001, Marcd30319, Paris1127,
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alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590' /></a>

4.2

Images

File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The drawing was based from http://app.www.sg/who/42/National-Flag.aspx. Colors from the book: (2001). The
National Symbols Kit. Singapore: Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. pp. 5. ISBN 8880968010 Pantone 032 shade from
http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx?c_id=13050 Original artist: Various
File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Per specications in the Constitution of South Africa, Schedule 1 - National ag Original artist: Flag design by Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users
File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Ordinance Act of the Law concerning the National Flag of the Republic of Korea, Construction and color
guidelines (Russian/English) Original artist: Various
File:Flag_of_Spain.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: PDF Colors Construction sheet Original artist: User:Marc Mongenet
Credits:
File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Turkish Flag Law (Trk Bayra Kanunu), Law nr. 2893 of 22 September 1983. Text (in Turkish) at the website of the
Turkish Historical Society (Trk Tarih Kurumu) Original artist: David Benbennick (original author)
File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/law/vi/1951_to_1960/1955/195511/195511300001 http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/
Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=820 Original artist: Lu Ly v li theo ngun trn
File:Flag_of_the_People'{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_
People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/
design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370
File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_
China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: [1] Original artist: User:SKopp
File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_
Arab_Emirates.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License:
PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg
License: CC0 Contributors: http://files.mojeeuro.meu.zoznam.sk/200000288-390ab3a04d/2_Commemorative_coin_Vatican_city_2010.
jpg labelbasis Original artist: Unknown<a href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:
Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png'
width='20' height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.
svg.png 1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x'
data-le-width='1050' data-le-height='590' /></a>
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Haiyan_2013-11-06_0225Z.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Haiyan_2013-11-06_0225Z.png
License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/MediaDetail2.php?MediaID=1450&MediaTypeID=1 Original artist:
NASA, NOAA
File:Haiyan_2013_track.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Haiyan_2013_track.png License: Public
domain Contributors: Created by Meow using Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Tracks. The background image is from NASA.
Tracking data is from JTWC. Original artist: Meow
File:Operation_Damayan_131118-M-LT992-019.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Operation_
Damayan_131118-M-LT992-019.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1056354 Original artist:
Lance Cpl. Luis Rodriguez
File:People_icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/People_icon.svg License: CC0 Contributors: OpenClipart Original artist: OpenClipart
File:Philippine_island_of_Binuluanguan_Following_Typhoon_Haiyan_MOD_45156472.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Philippine_island_of_Binuluanguan_Following_Typhoon_Haiyan_MOD_45156472.jpg License: OGL
Contributors:
Photo http://www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/fwbin/download.dll/45153802.jpg Original artist: LPHOT Keith Morgan
File:Portal-puzzle.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Radar_loop_of_Typhoon_Haiyan_(Yolanda)_making_landfall_on_Leyte_Island.gif Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/6/63/Radar_loop_of_Typhoon_Haiyan_%28Yolanda%29_making_landfall_on_Leyte_Island.gif License: Public
domain Contributors: http://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/ Original artist: PAGASA

4 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:ReliefNet_Map_of_Damaged_houses_Typhoon_Haiyan.pdf
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/5/56/ReliefNet_Map_of_Damaged_houses_Typhoon_Haiyan.pdf License:
Public domain Contributors:
ReliefWeb, UN Oce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Aairs - See more at: http://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/
philippines-damaged-houses-18-nov-2013-1800-utc8#sthash.cEfqVP84.dpuf Original artist: ReliefWeb, UN Oce for the Coordination
of Humanitarian Aairs - See more at: http://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/philippines-damaged-houses-18-nov-2013-1800-utc8#
sthash.cEfqVP84.dpuf
File:Symbol_book_class2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg License: CC
BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Mad by Lokal_Prol by combining: Original artist: Lokal_Prol
File:Tacloban_Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-13.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Tacloban_
Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-13.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: DSC_0749 Original artist: Trocaire from Ireland
File:Tacloban_Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-14.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Tacloban_
Typhoon_Haiyan_2013-11-14.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: DSC_0974 Original artist: Trocaire from Ireland
File:Typhoon_Haiyan_2013_making_landfall.gif Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Typhoon_Haiyan_
2013_making_landfall.gif License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/floaters/ Original artist: National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Satellite Services Division
File:Typhoon_Haiyan_deaths_in_Eastern_Visayas_map.png Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/
Typhoon_Haiyan_deaths_in_Eastern_Visayas_map.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Howard the
Duck
File:U.S._Marine_Corps_HC-130_Hercules_aircraft_assigned_to_the_3rd_Marine_Expeditionary_Brigade_and_
other_military_aircraft_sit_on_the_tarmac_at_an_airport_in_Guiuan,_Philippines,_waiting_to_airlift_Philippine_
131117-N-XN177-381.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/U.S._Marine_Corps_HC-130_Hercules_
aircraft_assigned_to_the_3rd_Marine_Expeditionary_Brigade_and_other_military_aircraft_sit_on_the_tarmac_at_an_airport_in_
Guiuan%2C_Philippines%2C_waiting_to_airlift_Philippine_131117-N-XN177-381.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors:
http://www.defenseimagery.mil/imageRetrieve.action?guid=e426a54209fd703b15615f579eff30d851c335a2&t=2 Original artist: MC3
Peter Burghart
File:US_marines_Typhoon_Haiyan_relief.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/US_marines_
Typhoon_Haiyan_relief.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors:
http://www.dvidshub.net/image/1050288/haiyan-relief#
.UoE3Eo1Q1ak#ixzz2kMwJ7i8y Original artist: Lance Cpl. Caleb Hoover
File:Visayas,_Philippines_power_outage_before_and_after_Haiyan_2013.gif Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/3/3f/Visayas%2C_Philippines_power_outage_before_and_after_Haiyan_2013.gif License:
Attribution Contributors:
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/date/2013/11/07 Original artist: University of Wisconsin Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite Studies
File:YolandaRainfallWarning.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/YolandaRainfallWarning.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: CalamityDisasterWatch
File:Yolanda_PSWS_Map.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Yolanda_PSWS_Map.png License: CC
BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: CalamityDisasterWatch

4.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0