LAB 11

VECTOR DATA ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS

PAGES

Introduction

Methodology

4 - 19

Result and Discussion

19 - 20

Conclusion

20

INTRODUCTION
Analysis is often considered to be the heart of GIS. Through analysis new information is
gained. As a GIS stores both attribute and spatial data, analysis can be conducted on both
types of data, however it is the spatial analysis capability that sets GIS apart from database
applications. The breakout of vector analysis is as follows:
Attribute
-

Attribute Query Select by Attribute

Arithmetic Calculation

Statistical Summary

Reclassification

Relating Tables

Spatial Join

Spatial Query Select by Location

Spatial Calculation

Spatial Join

Overlay

Buffer

Dissolve

Network Analysis

Spatial

ArcMap and ArcToolbox are used to manipulate vector-based geographic data. The results
of these simple analyses will allow visualizing complex spatial relationships. Buffering is one
of the examples of a useful spatial analysis that can be carried out with vector data.
A buffer is a zone of specified distance around features in a geographic layer. Buffers can be
set at constant or variable distance based on feature attributes. Buffering also creates a new
theme with new polygon features (geometric objects) based on a constant measure from
features in a source theme. Buffers can be created based on:
-

A single set width

Multiple widths where more than one buffer is created around each
feature

Varying width based on an attribute field

Task 1: Perform buffering and overlay

METHODOLOGY
1. Launch the ArcCatalog and connect to folder which is LAB11 then click chap11.

2.Connect
with LAB11,
then select
chap11

1.Click
Connect To
Folder

2. After that launch ArcMap, then rename the data frame as Task_1 by right click at
Layers and click Properties. Data Frame Properties window appear then select
General.

2.Fill the Name

field as Task_1

1.Click
Properties

3.Click OK

3. Then, add new data to the maps active data frame. Add landuse.shp, sewers.shp,
and soils.shp.
1.Select Add
Data
2.Select landuse.shp,
sewers.shp, soils.shp.
3.Click Add

4. The sewers, soils and landuse shapefile were already added to the ArcMap. Then,
click ArcToolbox to open the ArcToolbox window. Right click at ArcToolbox then
click Environments. To display the environment settings that control how
geoprocessing works.

1.Add our folder at

Current Workspace
field

2.Click OK

5. Next step is click Buffer. Buffer is geoprocessing tool that creates buffer polygons
around input features to a specified distance. Otherwise, buffer also can be click at
ArcToolbox window under Proximity.

Click Geoprocessing
then select Buffer.
or
Click Proximity then
click Buffer.

6. Then, fill the field in the Buffer window.

Input Features
: sewers
Output Feature Class : ...location of our folder\sewersBuf.shp
Side Type
: FULL
End Type
: ROUND
Dissolve Type
: ALL

7. The sewersBuf.shp created and buffer polygon appears at the layer.

sewersBuf.shp

Before: There is
no buffer polygon

After: Buffer polygon

around input features

8. Next, open the layers attribute table by right click at sewersBuf.shp and click Open
Attribute Table and Table window appear.

0 in the FID column is

counted to be a record.

9. Next is intersecting step. First, click Geoprocessing then select Intersect. The
geoprocessing tool computes a geometric intersection of the input features. Features
or portions of features which overlap in all layers and/or feature classes will be
written to the output feature class.
Fill the field in the Intersect window.
Input features
: landuse.shp, sewersBuf.shp, soils.shp
Output Feature Class : our folder\final.shp

Intersect is area of intersection

having the same value
1.Add landuse.shp,
sewersBuf.shp,
soils.shp

2.Click Add

10. Success intersection process popup window will appear with green tick.

Popup window

Before
After

11. Then, select Select at ArcToolbox window. Fill the Select dialog field.
Input Features
: final
Output Feature Class : our folder\sites.shp
Expression
: SUIT>=2 AND LUCODE=300

12. Success select process popup window will appear with green tick.

Popup window
After

Before

13. Open the attribute table for sites by right click at sites then click Open Attribute
Table. The area and perimeter column shows the duplicated value at the Table
window.

Consists of
duplicated value

14. Start editing by clicking at Editor to correct the error of duplicated value. Then, click
Fields inside the ArcToolbox window and select Add Field. Fill the Add Field dialog.
Input Table
: sites
Field Name : Shape_Area
Field Type
: DOUBLE

15. After that, successes Add Field popup window will appear after the process done.

Popup window

16. Open the attribute table for sites.shp. Then, right click at Shape_Area and select
Calculate Geometry. Fill the Calculate Geometry window.
Property
: Perimeter
Coordinate System : Use coordinate system of the data source
Units
: Meters [m]

17. Calculate Geometry is populated or update the values of Shape_Area field to be

geometric values derived from the features that the table represents such as
perimeter. Below is the table before n after calculating geometry.

Before

After

18. Next, calculate geometry for Shape_leng. Open the attribute table for sites.shp.
Then, right click at Shape_leng and select Calculate Geometry. Fill the Calculate
Geometry window.
Property
: Perimeter
Coordinate System : Use coordinate system of the data source
Units
: Meters [m]

19. Below is the table before n after calculating geometry for Shape_leng.

Before

After
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20. Then, right click at Shape_Area select Statistics. It is for generates a report of
statistics for selected values in this numeric field.

Choose Field :
Shape_Area

21. Insert new data frame into the map to complete another task. A data frame
represents a geographic location and contains layers of data. Click Insert then
select Data Frame.

Task 2: Overlay Multi-component Polygons

1. Rename the new data frame as Task_2 by right click at New Data Frame then
select Properties.

Name: Task_02

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2. Then, add data by right click again at Task_2 and select Add Data. Add boise_fire,
fire1992 and fire1986.

1.Add boise_fire,
fire1992 and fire1986

2.Click Add

3. The layer shows the feature of boise_fire.

4. The layer shows the feature of fire1992.

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5. The layer shows the feature of fire1986.

6. Click at Geoprocessing then click Union. Fill the field in the Union window.
Input Features
: our folder \boise_fire.mdb\regions\fire1986
our folder \boise_fire.mdb\regions\fire1992
Output Feature Class : our folder \Fire_Union.shp
Join Attributes
: ALL

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7.

After that, successes Union popup window will appear after the process done.

Popup window

8. The layer shows the feature of Fire_Union.

9. Next step is intersecting. Click at Geoprocessing then click Intersect. Fill the field in
the Intersect window.
Input Features
: our folder \boise_fire.mdb\regions\fire1986
our folder \boise_fire.mdb\regions\fire1992
Output Feature Class : our folder \Fire_Intersect.shp
Join Attributes
: ALL

14

10. After that, successes Intersect popup window will appear after the process done.

Popup window

11. The layer shows the feature of Fire_Union and Fire_Intersect.

Features of the
Fire_Intersect

12. Insert new data frame in the map to proceed to task 3. Click Insert then select Data
Frame.

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Task 3: Measure Distances between Points and Lines

1. Rename the new data frame as TASK_3 by right click at New Data Frame then
select Properties.

Name: TASK_3

2. Then, add data by right click again at TASK_3 and select Add Data. Add deer.shp
and edge.shp.

1.Add deer.shp
and edge.shp
2.Click Add

3. Next, right click at deer then Joins and Relates and select Join. This is to
associate data in a table to this layer or standalone table via a relationship. Fill the
Join table.
Choose the layer to join to this layer
: edge
You are joining
: Tick at Each point will be given all the
attributes
Specify output shapefile
: our folder \deer.edge.shp

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4. Open the attribute table for deer_edge. Then, click Near under Proximity in the
ArcToolbox window. Distance are calculating to the nearest edge Fill the Near
window field.

5. After that, successes Near popup window will appear after the process done.

Popup window

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6. The result does not shows any record due to this lab is about vector data analysis.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From the lab vector data analysis, there are three tasks which is task 1 about performing
buffering and overlay. Buffer is analysis can be defining as creating buffer polygons to a
specified distance around the Input Features. An optional dissolve can be performed to
remove overlapping buffers. Side Type in the Buffer dialog is options to buffer to one side of
a line or outside polygons. There are 4 types of Side Type:

FULLA buffer will be generated on both sides of the line. If the input is a polygon
the result will include the area inside the polygon. This is the default.

LEFTthe buffer will be generated on the LEFT side of the line.

RIGHTthe buffer will be generated on the RIGHT side of the line.

OUTSIDE_ONLYthe area inside of the input polygon features will excluded from
the resulting buffer.

These options are not available with an ArcView or ArcEditor license. Then, Overlay is a
GIS operation that integrates data from two or more datasets. The technique is used to
determine how features of the input datasets are located in relation to each other.
Next is XY Tolerance which synonymous with clusters tolerance. In certain contexts the
term cluster tolerance has been replaced by the term XY Tolerance. Specify the XY
Tolerance that will be used for processing and set to the output geodataset. XY Tolerance
can be found in the intersect dialog.
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For the second task is about overlay multi-component polygons which is using multipart
polygon features in overlay operations. Both fire 1986 and fire 1992 are polygon layers
derived from boise_fire. There are three common types of overlays:
Union is a complete merging of two themes where the new theme is composed of
the entire map area of both themes and all the fields from both theme data tables
Intersect is a merging of two themes but only where they share space such that the
map area of the new theme is the area that was in common for both themes and the
attribute database is composed of all the fields from both theme data tables
Clip is akin to pressing a cookie cutter onto a theme such that the new theme is a
miniature version of the first, the map area is defined by the overlay theme and
the database comes only from the input theme.
So, record in fire_union represents in this lab is a complete merging of two themes which
are fire 1986 and fire 1992 where the new theme is composed of the entire map area of both
themes and all the fields from both theme data tables.
While the single record in the fire_intersect represents is a merging of two themes which
are fire 1986 and fire 1992 but only where they share space such that the map area of the
new theme is the area that was in common for both themes and the attribute database is
composed of all the fields from both theme data tables.
Lastly, task 3 is measure distances between points and lines. This task need to measure
each deer location in deer.shp to its closet old-growth or clear-cut edge in edge.shp. Near
tool in the Analysis Tools or Proximity toolset is used to complete the task. There is no result
show record for deer locations are within 50 meters of their closet edge due to this lab is
about vector data analysis.

CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, by completing the entire task in this lab will give better
understanding of what is vector data analysis. Vector data analysis uses the geometric
objects of point, line, and polygon. The accuracy of analysis results depends on the
accuracy of these objects in terms of location and shape. Topology can also be a factor for
some vector data analyses such as buffering and overlay. Besides that, give more
knowledge on the buffering and overlay, how to overlay multi-component polygons and
measure distances between points and lines.
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