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Electronic Records and Electronic Signatures or commonly termed ERES has come into existence
because of the stringent regulation needs set by the Food and Drug Administration department of
USA. FDA attempts to protect the public health by regulating certain industries viz. Food &
Drug, Medical Devices, Biologics and Radiation Emitting Products like Cell phones or
Microwave Ovens. One of the requirements set by the FDA for the industries was to comply with
the FDAs 21 CFR Part 11 regulations.
FDA - 21 CFR Part 11 Regulations, originally introduced in 1997 describe the technical aspects
of computer or software systems that are used by the manufacturers, to assure that these
computerized records are safe, secure and as accurate as a paper based system. Administrative
controls like backup, security, password controls are carefully regulated. Organizations that are
required to or wish to maintain electronic documents must also have systems that support the
ability to electronically sign those documents to ensure that the appropriate personnel have
reviewed and approved them. Audit Trails are also demanded.
The two major requirements are:
Electronic Records 21CFR Part 11 describes the requirements for companies wanting to move
from paper based record keeping to electronic record keeping. The FDAs Quality Systems
Requirements describes where it is appropriate to keep electronic records and to capture
electronic signatures.
Electronic Signatures -- legally binding signatures equivalent to signatures on paper.
Organizations, which are required to or wish to maintain fully electronic documents, must also
have systems that support the ability to attach electronic versions of signatures to those
documents to ensure that the appropriate personnel have reviewed and approved them. Since
electronic signatures are a legal and binding equivalent to hand written signatures, users will want
to review the data theyre responsible for signing.
Existing systems
Oracle Process Manufacturing Applications can claim Part 11 compliance with 11.5.9, while
Oracle Discrete Manufacturing Applications cannot. With Release 11.5.10 now discrete
manufacturing is also capable of the compliance. The different modules, which are capable of
compliance with this release, are
Items/ Bill of Material (BOM) Engineering or Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
Quality
WIP
Inventory
Purchasing & Receiving
Shipping
The process of reviewing an Electronic Record and signing the same, actually involves a
seamless integration of multiple modules or components. Each of these components is
responsible for specific function, which is described here.
Workflow Business Event System
Workflow Business Event system is used to define an eSignature event and associate
synchronous eSignature subscription to the event. These Business events are also termed
as Business Processes or Transaction Types. For instance doing a Miscellaneous
Transaction in the application can be termed as a Business Event.
XML Gateway
When a specific eRecord gets generated in the form of a Web page, we find several
attributes of the Transaction being captured in the eRecord. For instance, while doing the
Misc Receipt of an item, it captures the Item number, Description, Serial Numbers, the
transaction date etc in the eRecord. XML Gateway is used for Mapping these definition
and generation of XML for an eRecord. Individual product teams define XML maps and
DTD for eSignature / eRecord Events (ERES) supported by them. These Maps and DTD
are loaded into Database and source controlled under respective Product Tops. The
eRecord Style sheet is also defined as part of XML gateway.
Oracle Applications
ERES can be used only from the Forms based applications, It cannot be used from the
Web based applications or Mobile applications. Oracle uses (FNDWFSIG.pll) a generic
call, to raise an event from the forms
The setups related to each of the components will be discussed more in details in the setup
section.
updated transaction data is not committed to the database. Online signatures are beneficial for
those real-time processes that cannot proceed without immediate authorization. For example,
Miscellaneous Receipt Transactions.
Deferred mode signatures are useful when the signature does not need to occur immediately, the
signers are not typically in the same physical location or are otherwise not immediately available
at the time of the signature request, or if there are several items that the signers must verify prior
to signing, thus creating a time lag between receipt of the e-signature request and the response. A
typical example could be the Engineering Change notifications, which can be a deferred flow.
Case Study:
Company Vision Corporation manufactures an Item "MediVision Laparoscope" - production
requires FDA compliance. The Item is manufactured only at one of the organizations - Denver
Manufacturing Unit (M5)
As per the FDA Requirement Company has decided to follow the compliance with ERES for the
following Business Processes
Item Creation /Updation
Miscellaneous Receipt / Issue Transactions
BOM Creation/Updation
ECO Creation/Approval/Transfer or Copy to Manufacturing
For our demonstration purpose we shall deal with only two of these Transactions viz.
Miscellaneous Receipt and
ECO Creation/Approval
The Item MV1000 "MediVision Laparoscope" which is created with Finished Goods Template
and assigned to Organization M5 Denver Manufacturing
For the Misc. Receipt/issue transactions it requires the Approval of the Warehouse Manager
For any Engineering Changes, it requires the approval of the Design Group
We have created the following users
WHMGR - Warehouse Manager
DESIGN1 - Design group member#1
DESIGN2 - Design group member#2
Setup Steps
The following diagram illustrates the various components that need to set up.
EDR:
Server
Time zone
Profile
Options
ERES
Workflow
Administra
tion
AME
Review/Create
Attributes
Create
Conditions
EDR: WF
Notification
Time out
Interval
Create
Actions
EDR: WF
Notificatio
n Time out
Create
Groups
EDR: Send
individual
Approval
Notification
Create
Rules
The variable EREC_REQUIRED = Y determines that for the business event the eRecord will
enabled, similarly, ESIG_REQUIRED = Y means that , along with the eRecord the eSignature is
also enabled for the Business events.
(Who will be the signers will be discussed later) In the eRecord what data will be captured is
determined by the invtrxxs.xls the style sheet type.
If any specific business event variable needs to be changed it can be done by updating the
record (Hit the Update icon)
Enabling the Business Event and Subscriptions:
A synchronous subscription is added to the defined business event, which is a local
Subscription.
Navigation: Workflow Administrator >> Event manager
Search for the respective event name can retrieve Business Events The Business event
Oracle Approval management (also called AME) is a web based application that enables users to
define business rules governing the process for approving transactions in other Oracle
Applications. It enables business users to specify the approval rules for an application without
having to write code or customize the application. AME has the following main components
Transaction Types: These are the basic Business flows for which AME is enabled.
We need to choose the Transaction Types from the list and for each of the Transaction Types we
need to define/select the following
Attributes
Conditions
Actions
Groups
Rules
Similarly you can create other Conditions , like , Item numbers for which you would
like to enable the ERES functionality.
Actions: Every approval may or may not require a predefined set of actions.( This is
not very relevant in the INV ERES context of discussion)
Groups: is an ordered list of persons and/or user IDs. These are the persons who is
responsible for accepting or Rejecting a Transaction
Approval groups are an ordered set of one or more approvers (persons and/or user
accounts).
Choose the Groups tab >> Choose the Add Group button >> On the Create an Approval
Group page, enter a name and description that uniquely identify the new approval group
You can have more than one person as group member and the order number in which
they are listed will determine who will be the first approver and than the next person
with the higher order number
Rules: Associates one or more conditions with an approval action. The rule
applies to a transaction if and only if all of the rules conditions are true for the
transaction.
Rules will use the Conditions Created earlier in conjunction with the Approval Groups
There are 6 types of Rules , For INV ERES purpose we can use the List-creation rules
which is used to generate the default chain of authority for a given transaction. It uses the
ordinary conditions . There are 6 steps to Create the Rules
From the Rules Tab click on Add Rule and Usage >>Provide a description, rule type and
rule affectivity date and click Continue >> Select the Action Type as Chain of
Authority includes an Approval Group and click Continue >> Select the previously
created Approval Group from the List and click Continue >> Choose the subordinate
item class as none and click on Continue >> Select the Header Level Attributes ( for
selecting more than one conditions use Cntrl key + click on the attributes , in our case it
will be the ORGANIZATION_CODE and ITEMS ) and click continue >> in the last
step select the conditions that we have defined earlier and click continue , and the
Rule creation will be completed.
This concludes the Setups that are necessary for Enabling/performing ERES related
Transactions. This Setup will ensure that when anyone performs a Miscellaneous Receipt in
M5 Organization for Item MV1000, system will launch a Webpage , showing all the details of
the Transactions and the Approver will require to provide his userid and password and only then
the Transaction will be processed. If any of the events fail (Signature authentication / Rejection
by the user ) the Transaction will not be processed
Similarly the other Lot LP07 having Serial Number SR2050 to SR2099 is also received.
Now when we hit the SAVE button , we are presented with the ERES Webpage
The signer has to review the document and at the bottom of the page has to provide his
response and Approve
Now the eSignature verification page comes up, where the signer has to provide his
USERID/PASSWORD and hit the Sign button.. This will give the confirmation page
Once you apply, and OK the Transaction, the ERES page will go away and the original
Application page (Misc. Receipt) will appear where you need to press the OK button. Once this
is done the Transaction gets processed
the ECO Creation. ECO Approval will be child process of the ECO Creation when approval
mechanism is used
Ensure that The Business Events (mentioned above) are enabled and their subscriptions are also
Enabled. (Oracle Workflow Administrator Workflow Responsibility)
Approval group in AME is created in the Similar way as that of Miscellaneous Receipt
Transaction , with 2 members in the Group Design1 and Design2
Similarly Conditions/Rule are built in AME such that
if the ECO Type is ERES , then It will require the Approval of the Design group
In Engineering Application we create a Priority named as ERES and also create a Change
Type called as ERES and attach the Workflow ERES Approval Process
Create a Approval List as ERES1 having Design1 and Design2 as the Approver
Now we create a an ECO for Item MV1000 with ECO Type as ERES , Priority ERES and
Approval List ERES1 . The ECO is created to add a reference designator to one of the
components. Once the ECO is saved , submit the ECO for approval.
At the instance when the ECO is created the eRecord related to ECO creation gets triggered
and the eRecord gets created in the background. The eRecord will contain all the details of the
ECO .He same can be viewed by Navigating to Actions>eRecord details
Once the ECO is submitted for approval, the ERES Approval workflow (seeded workflow) takes
over and does all the necessary validation , gathers data for the eRecord creation and sends
notifications to the users based on the Approval List .
The user Design1 and Design2 logs into the Application and reviews their individual
Notification and would find the ECO Approval notification
Once the user clicks on the Hyperlink, the original Create ECO eRecord will show up
The user can review the ECO changes requested for , scroll down and Approve/Reject the ECO
Once the user hits the Approve/Reject Button the eSignature web page comes up and the user
has to provide his username/password for verification and click on Sign button.
Once both the users have Approved the ECO Notification the ECO status will changed to
Approved. The navigation/View eRecords Details will now show , two links
ECO Approval and ECO Creation
Conclusion:
Complying with the technical requirements of FDA 21 CFR Part 11 is critical for software
applications that manage GMP critical data. Oracle Applications offers an unmatched set of tools
to help enterprises in regulated industries address these requirements and maintain electronic
records
Appendix:
Total 55 Business events are enabled with this release
Summary of Business Events enabled in the discrete manufacturing area with release 11.5.10
Summary of Business Events enabled in the discrete manufacturing area with release 11.5.10
Transaction
Business Event
eRec
ord
eSign
ature
Comments
oracle.apps.inv.acctAlia
sIssue
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.inv.acctAlia
sReceipt
Yes
YesOnline
-do-
INV
INV ERES
Account Alias
Issue
INV ERES
Account Alias
Receipt
INV ERES
Account Issue
INV ERES
Account Receipt
INV ERES
Miscellaneous
Issue
INV ERES
Miscellaneous
Receipt
oracle.apps.inv.acctIssu
e
oracle.apps.inv.acctRec
eipt
Yes
Yes
YesOnline
YesOnline
-do-do-
oracle.apps.inv.miscIssu
e
Yes
YesOnline
-do-
oracle.apps.inv.miscRec
eipt
Yes
YesOnline
-do-
oracle.apps.inv.itemCre
ate
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.inv.itemCro
ssRefEntry
Yes
No
oracle.apps.inv.itemOrg
Assignment
Yes
No
oracle.apps.inv.itemRev
isionEntry
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.inv.itemUpd
ate
Yes
YesOnline
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
ECO
ECO Approval
oracle.apps.eng.ecoApp
roval
oracle.apps.eng.ecoCan
cellation
Yes
No
oracle.apps.eng.ecoCrea
te
Yes
No
Transaction
Business Event
eRec
ord
eSign
ature
Comments
This is invoked by the ECO implementation
concurrent program. The eRecord content
will
show
only
the
implemented
item/component/operations.
The event will trigger other events based on the
ECO contents, e.g. Bill Update
Invoked from Engineering -> ECOs -> Schedule
action from menu bar. Date and comments will
be captured together with ECO contents
oracle.apps.eng.ecoImpl
ement
Yes
No
oracle.apps.eng.ecoResc
hedule
Yes
No
oracle.apps.eng.ecoSche
dule
oracle.apps.eng.ecoUpd
ate
Yes
No
Yes
No
oracle.apps.eng.copyTo
Manufacturing
Yes
YesOnline
ENG ERES
Transfer to
Manufacturing
oracle.apps.eng.transfer
ToManufacturing
Yes
YesOnline
-do-
oracle.apps.eng.massCh
angeBill
Yes
YesOnline
BOM
BOM ERES Bill
of Materials
Creation
oracle.apps.bom.billCre
ate
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.bom.billUpd
ate
Yes
YesOnline
BOM ERES
Operational
Routing Creation
oracle.apps.bom.routing
Create
Yes
YesOnline
BOM ERES
Operational
Routing Update
oracle.apps.bom.routing
Update
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.wip.job.asse
mbly.complete
Yes
YesOnline
WIP
WIP ERES Job
Assembly
Completion
WIP ERES Job
Assembly Move
oracle.apps.wip.job.asse
mbly.move
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.wip.job.mat
erial.transact
Yes
YesOnline
Transaction
Business Event
eRec
ord
eSign
ature
Comments
oracle.apps.po.asl.create
Yes
No
oracle.apps.po.asl.updat
e
Yes
No
oracle.apps.po.rcv.deliv
er
Yes
No
oracle.apps.po.rcv.transf
er
Yes
No
oracle.apps.po.rcv.inspe
ct
Yes
YesOnline
PO
PO ERES ASL
Creation
PO ERES ASL
Update
PO ERES
Receiving
Delivery
PO ERES
Receiving
Transfer
PO ERES
Receiving
Inspection
WSH
WSH ERES
Delivery Shipment
oracle.apps.wsh.eres.del
ivery.shipment
Yes
No
oracle.apps.qa.element.c
reate
Yes
No
oracle.apps.qa.element.u
pdate
Yes
No
QUALITY
QA ERES
Collection
Element Creation
QA ERES
Collection
Element Update
QA ERES
Collection Plan
Creation
QA ERES
Collection Plan
Update
QA ERES
Corrective Action
Creation
oracle.apps.qa.plan.creat
e
Yes
Yes
oracle.apps.qa.plan.upda
te
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.qa.car.create
Yes
No
QA ERES
Corrective Action
Update
oracle.apps.qa.car.updat
e
Yes
No
QA ERES
Corrective Action
Approval
oracle.apps.qa.car.appro
ve
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
QA ERES
Corrective Action
Implementation
Approval
oracle.apps.qa.car.impl.
approve
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
Transaction
Business Event
eRec
ord
QA ERES
Corrective Action
Review Approval
oracle.apps.qa.car.revie
w.approve
Yes
QA ERES
Disposition
Creation
oracle.apps.qa.disp.creat
e
QA ERES
Disposition
Update
oracle.apps.qa.disp.upda
te
QA ERES
Disposition Detail
Approval
Yes
eSign
ature
YesDeferr
ed
No
Yes
No
oracle.apps.qa.disp.detai
l.approve
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
QA ERES
Disposition
Header Approval
oracle.apps.qa.disp.head
er.approve
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
QA ERES
Nonconformance
Creation
oracle.apps.qa.ncm.creat
e
Yes
No
QA ERES
Nonconformance
Update
oracle.apps.qa.ncm.upda
te
Yes
No
QA ERES
Nonconformance
Master Approval
oracle.apps.qa.ncm.mast
er.approve
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
QA ERES
Nonconforman
ce Detail Approval
oracle.apps.qa.ncm.det
ail.approve
QA ERES Result
Creation
QA ERES Result
Update
QA ERES
Specification
Creation
QA ERES
Specification
Update
QA ERES
Specification Org
Assignment
Comments
-doThis event is invoked from Quality >
Dispositions > Enter Dispositions
This enables to initiate a disposition resulting
from a nonconformance.
This is invoked from Quality > Dispositions >
Update Dispositions
This should be used when it is required to track
disposition status, e.g. Completion of Rework.
This event is invoked from Quality >
Dispositions > Update Dispositions
This helps to track disposition status, e.g.
Completion of Rework.
This event is invoked from Quality >
Dispositions > Enter/Update Dispositions. This
should be used when if a formal signature needs
to be obtained for the execution of a disposition,
e.g. rework, scrap, etc.
This event is invoked from Quality >
Nonconformances > Enter Nonconformances .
This used to report a nonconformance found
during inspection or other quality activities
This event is invoked from Quality >
Nonconformances > Update Nonconformances .
This is used to track nonconformance status e.g.
Closing.
This event is invoked from Quality >
Nonconformances >Enter/Update
Nonconformances. This event can be used
when a formal signature needs to be obtained for
a nonconformance prior to deciding on the
disposition.
Yes
YesDeferr
ed
-do-
oracle.apps.qa.result.cr
eate
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.qa.result.up
date
Yes
oracle.apps.qa.spec.cre
ate
Yes
oracle.apps.qa.spec.upd
ate
Yes
YesOnline
Yes
YesOnline
oracle.apps.qa.spec.org
.assign
Exclusions
ERES is not supported in the following areas
YesOnline
YesDeferr
ed