Green Communication and

Technologies
Radhika Gour (2011 DC 11)
Under the Guidance of

Prof. Aditya Trivedi

ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior,

Morena Link Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA - 474010.
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CONTENTS
1
2

Introduction
Energy saving techniques
I

Cell Zooming
F
F
F

I
I
3
4

Implementation
Benifits
Challenges

Energy saving via cognitive radio

Energy saving via co-operative communication

Summary
References

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Introduction

What is Green Communication???

Why Green communication is required???.

Purposes of Green Communication???

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Green???

GREEN stands for Global

Resource Optimization for Energy
Efficient Networks.

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What is Green
Communication???
1

Reduce energy cost and reduce Carbon emission has

become a compulsion that prompted researchers to
explore a new area of research so called Green
Communication Wireless Network.
Green communication refers pollution free
communication.
Green communication is to provide Communication
with energy saving while maintaining QoS.

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Why Green Communication is

needed???
Primary requirements in wireless communication
systems
I

High data rate.

energy efficiency.

Nowadays, we are facing a number of serious energy

related problems[1]
I

energy shortages

energy price hikes

global warming

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Cont..

4 billion mobile users and 4.6 million radio base

station sites worldwide.
3 % of the worldwide energy consumption and
about 2 % of CO2 emissions is because of Mobile
Communication.[1]

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Purposes of GC
1

Reduce energy consumption

Lower electromagnetic radiation

Improve resource utilization

Minimize environmental effects

Minimum resource consumption

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Energy Savings Techniques

In Celluler networks, BSs dominates the energy
consumption of whole network.Energy saving in Base
stations:
1

Minimize BS energy consumption

I
I

Improvement in power amplifier.[2]

Cell zooming.[2][1]

using renewable energy resources

I
I
I

Sustainable biofuels.
Solar energy.
Wind energy.

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Cell Zooming[2]

Cell zooming is a concept in which cell adaptively

adjusts its size according to traffic conditions.
Cell zooming has the potential to balance the traffic
load and reduce the energy consumption.
An example of cell zooming is illustrated in Fig.

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Figure: Cell zooming operations in cellular networks[2]

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Implementation Of Cell
Zooming

Figure: Framework of cell zooming[2]

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techniqus used to implement

cell zooming.
Physical Adjustment
BS Cooperation
Relaying
BS sleeping

Figure: Techniques to implement cell zooming

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Benifits of cell Zooming

Load balancing: Disperse the load.

Energy saving: Concentrate the load.

Improves user experience such as throughput,battery

life.

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Challanges
Estimation of traffic load fluctuation:To make
cell zooming flexible and efficient traffic load
fluctuations should be exactly traced and fed back
to the CS.
Intercell interference: cell zooming may cause
intercell interference.
Coverage holes: cell zooming may also produce
coverage holes.[1]

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Use of cell zooming for energy

saving
dynamic cell zooming algorithms are proposed for
energy saving.
In cell zooming algorithms, time is divided into cell
zooming periods, and the length of each period is T.

Figure: Techniques to implement cell zooming[2]

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Each period consists of three stages:

1
coordination stage: the CS collects necessary
network state information for cell zooming, and
makes decisions.
2

transition stage: cells change their working

modes, and complete the handoff process if needed.
serving stage: cells fix their working mode, and
provide service to current and newly arrival MUs in
the network. [3]

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Energy Efficiency Via

Cognitive Radio
Cognitive radio was proposed to utilize the radio
spectrum more efficiently which can reduce power
consumption while maintaining the QoS.[2]
From Shannons capacity formula
C = Blog (1 + SNR) capacity increases linearly with
bandwidth, but logarithmically with power.So for
reducing power, we should seek for more bandwidth
using cognitive radio.[1]

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Energy Efficiency Via

CoOperative communication
Two hop communication may consume less energy
than direct communication.
Delivering green communication via cooperative
relaying can be achieved either by fixed relays or by
user cooperation.

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Summary
1
2

Importance of Green Communication is discussed.

The concept of cell zooming is proposed, which is to
adaptively adjust the cell size according to the
traffic load fluctuations.
We discussed how emerging technologies such as
cognitive radio and cooperative relaying can be
useful for obtaining green wireless network.

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References
Yifei Wei, Mei Song, Baoling Liu, Yong Li, Energy
efficient cooperative relaying and cognitive radio
technologies to deliver green communication , IEEE
International Conference on Communication, 2011.
Zhisheng Niu, Yiqun Wu and Zexi Yang, Cell
zooming for cost-efficient green cellular networks ,
IEEE Commun. Magazine, vol. 48, no. II, Nov. 2010,
pp. 74-79.
Ziaul Hasan and Vijay K. Bhargava, Green Cellular
Networks: A Survey, Some Research Issues and
Challenges , Proc.IEEE communication surveys and
tutorials, vol. 13, no. 4, 2011, pp. 524-540.
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K. Son et al., Dynamic Association for Load

Balancing and Interference Avoidance in Multi-Cell
Networks , IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 8,
no. 7, July 2009, pp. 356676.
An He, et. aI., Minimizing energy consumption
using cognitive radio, in Proc. IEEE International
Performance, Computing and Communications
Conference (IPCCC), pp. 372-377, Dec. 2008.

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Thank You

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