.

3 7E STAD

2558

(.)

.



..
.3

.3


3 . 2557


54990048 : : : .. ( )
: / 7E/ STAD/ .
:
. 3
7E STAD (A STUDY OF THE MATHEMATICAL LEARNING
ACHIEVEMENT ON PROBABILITY FOR IPST STUDENTS IN MATHAYOM 3 USING
THE 7E LEARNING CYCLE AND STAD METHODS) :
, Ph.D. 222 . .. 2558.
1)
7E STAD
. 3 75/75 2)

50 3)
75 t-test One Sample
3/8 .
2 2557 35
. 2 (3/7 3/8)
7E
STAD
1) 7E
STAD 82.87/77.58 2)
20.17 50
(16.13 ) 3)
75 (19.5 26 )
77.58 (20.17 )
0.05


54990048

: MAJOR: MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: M.Sc. (MATHEMATICS

EDUCATION)
KEYWORDS: PROBABILITY/ 7E LEARNING CYCLE/ STAD/ IPST STUDENT
LEEYANA PRATEEPWATTANAPHAN : A STUDY OF THE MATHEMATICAL
LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ON PROBABILITY FOR IPST STUDENTS IN MATHAYOM 3
USING THE 7E LEARNING CYCLE AND STAD METHODS. ADVISORY COMMITTEE:
SOMKID INTEP, Ph.D. 222 P. 2015.
The purposes of this research are 1) to construct an effective lesson plan using the 7E
Learning Cycle and STAD methods on probability for IPST students in Mathayom 3 by standard
of 75/75, 2) to compare the development of the mathematical learning achievement on
Probability for students who study in this lesson plan. The development criterion is 50 percent of
deducted scores from pre-test exam, and 3) to compare the mathematical learning achievement
with the 75 percent criterion using one sample t-test. The sample is 35 students of IPST classroom
in Mathayom 3/8 enrolling in the second semester of 2014 academic year at Satunwittaya school,
Satun. The sample is selected randomly through cluster random sampling technique from 2 IPST
classrooms, 3/7 and 3/8. The research instruments are the lesson plan of probability using the 7E
Learning Cycle and STAD methods, and achievement tests. The results indicate that 1) the
efficiency of the lesson plan using the 7E Learning Cycle and STAD methods is 82.87/77.58
which is higher than the standard, 2) the average achievement score is 20.17 which is higher than
the 50 percent of deducted scores from pre-test exam, that is 16.13, and 3) the average
achievement score, 20.17, is however not statistically significant higher than 75 percent criterion,
which is 19.5 points from 26, at 0.05 level.

...
...
.

..

1 . 1
.. 1
6
6
..... 7
7
8
. 10
2 .. 11
. 12
7E... 22
(STAD). 27
.. 38
... 39
... 43
.. 47
3 54
.. 54
. 54
... 55

( )

.. 55
73
. 75
.. 75
4 ..... 82
. 82
..... 82
. 83
5 ... 99
... 99
.... 100
.. 104
.. 105
... 112
.. 113
.. 120
.. 139
.. 161
... 222

1 O-NET 2554 2556. 2

2 5
5.2
. 21
3 5
5.3
.... 21
4 . 36
5 ..... 36
6 ... 55
7 7E
STAD.. 56
8 7E
STAD... 60
9
3 .. 64
10 8 ... 67
11
3....... 71
12 ( E1 )
7E STAD
. 3.... 83
13 ( E2 )
7E STAD
. 3. 84

( )

14 7E
STAD .
3. 84
15
z 85
16
. 3
7E STAD 75.... 86
17 1
.. 121
18 2
123
19 3
. 125
20 4
(1). 127
21 5
(2). 129
22 6
. 131
23 (IOC)
.. 133
24 (P) (r)
36
26 .. 135

( )

25 p, q pq
3 ( 26 ).. 137
26
( 26 )... 140
27
. 7E
STAD.... 142
28 75
SPSS for windows. 144
29
3
7E STAD.. 145
30
. 3
7E STAD.... 147
31
. 3
7E STAD.... 149
32 6
7E STAD.. 151
33
6
20:20:20:40 .. 153
34
7E STAD .
3 35 ....... 155

( )

35
STAD 157
36 7E
STAD 159

1 5E.. 24
2 5E 7E.. 25
3 7E STAD 63
4 .. 70
5 . 74
6 1 3...... 88
7 2 2.3... 89
8 3 3.1 2-3... 89
9 4 4.1 1... 90
10 5.2 4 ..... 91
11 5.2 4 ........ 91
12 6.1 ........ 92
13 6.1 ........ 92
14 1.1 .......... 95
15 2.1 .......... 95
16 3.1 .......... 96
17 4.1 .......... 97
18 ............ 97
19 6.1 .......... 98

.. 2542 ( 2) .. 2545
22






(
, 2551, 56)
2551
12



(, 2545, 2)

2


3 2556 2.43
4 ( , 2556)
O-NET 2556 3 24.2
100 (25.45 )
O-NET
(2554 - 2555) 1
1 O-NET 2554 2556

2554
2555
O-NET 32.19
26.95
. 3
( : , 2556)

2556
25.45

16
3 2
8
3 ( 2554 2556 )

12.47 20 (
, 2556 ) 2554-2555

3




/

8 1) 2)
3)
4) 5)
6) 7)
8) ( , 2545 ,
110-111) 8 1)

2)

3)

(
, 2551 , 9)

4








7E
7




7E




7E 1)
2) 3) 4) 5)
6) 7) 7




(
, 2542, 30) (2553)
1

5
7E 1)
1 7E
2) 7E
7E 3) 1
7E
7E
(STAD: Student Team Achievement Divisions)










5 1)
2) 3) 4) 5)
(2550)

5
1 24

85.61/83.16
0.7452 74.52
74.52

7E

6
.
3

1. 7E
STAD .
3
2.
. 3
7E STAD 50

3.
. 3
7E STAD 75

1. 7E
STAD . 3
75/75
2. .
3 7E
STAD 50
3.
. 3 7E
STAD 75

1.

7E STAD

2.
,

t-test One Sample

1.
1.1. . 3
16
2 2557 3/7 3/8
70

8
1.2. .
3/8 2 2557 35
(Cluster Sampling)
2.
2.1.
2.1.1. 7E
STAD
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.
2.2.5.
3.
3

4.
2 2557 13
50

1. 7E STAD
4-5
1 2-3
1
5
1) 1 2
7E

9
2) 1


3) 2
3-5 7E




4) 6 7E
3-5






(
)
5) 7 7E



2.
3

3.

10

4 26
4.
75/75
75

6
75
75
5. 50
50

6. 75

75
7. .

. .

1. .
3 7E
STAD
2. 7E STAD

 2


. 3
7E STAD

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3 2551

2. 7E
2.1 7E
2.2
3. (STAD)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5 (STAD)
4.
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.
6.1
6.2

12
6.3
7.
7.1 7E
7.2
(STAD)

1.
1.1.




(2542, 2-3)




(2545, 1)





(2545, 20 -21)
3
1. (Practical values)


2. (Disciplinary values)

13
3. (Cultural values)



(2551, 1)











1.2.



1.
(2544, 9)





(2545, 110 -111)

14
1.

2.
3.

4.


5.
6.

7.
8.
(2546, 9 -10)

1.


2.

3.

(2551, 9)

1.

15
2.


3.


2.



(2545, 116-117)

1.


2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. -

16
(2551, 40-41)


1.


2.


3.


4.










2551

(, 2552)
1.3. 2551

1.

17







2.









(Geometric
Transformation) (Translation) (Reflection)
(Rotation)
(Pattern)

18



3.
1
1.1

1.2

1.3
1.4
2
2.1
2.2
3
3.1
3.2 (Visualization)
(Spatial Reasoning) (Geometric Model)
4
4.1 (Pattern)
4.2
(Mathematical Model)

5
5.1
5.2

5.3

19
6.1


3
1.




2.



3.


4.

(geometric
transformation) (translation) (reflection) (rotation)

5.
6.


7.

20
8.

9.

10.






5 1. 2.
3. 4.

5.





2 - 3
5.2 5.3
1-3
( , 2551, 70 -71)

21
2 5
5.2

.1
1.

.2
1.

.3
1.

. 4-6
1.

2.

3 5
5.3

.1

. 2

. 3
1.


2.

. 4-6
1.

2.

22
2 3

2. 7E
1. 7E
(2541, 33)



(2542, 219)




(2544, 56-57)





Constructivism

23
2.
5E
5E (Inquiry Cycle) (
, 2555, 219-220)
1. (Engagement)

2. (Exploration)



(Simulation)

3. (Explanation)





4. (Elaboration)

24


5. (Evaluation)




Inquiry Cycle
5E

(Engagement)

(Evaluation)

5E
(Inquiry Cycle)

(Elaboration)

(Exploration)

(Explanation)

1 5E
.. 2003 Eisenkraft (2003, pp. 56-59 , 2554, 42)
5 7


2 (1) (Elicitation Phase)

25

(2)
(Extension Phase)
5E 7E
2
1.
1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

4.
5.

4.
6.
5.
7.
2 5E 7E

Eisenkraft (2003, The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), 70 (6), 56-59)
7E

7E
1. (Elicitation Phase)

26


2. (Engagement Phase)






3. (Exploration Phase)



4. (Explanation Phase)


5. (Elaboration Phase)



6. (Evaluation Phase)


7. (Extension Phase)


Thorndike (1993, pp. 165-167 ,
2553, 50)
7E
7E

27




Bransford,
Brown, and Cocking ( 2000, pp. 131-154 , 2554, 45)

3. (STAD)
1.
(2540, 23)




(2544, 142)


(2545, 4)





(2548, 98)
3-6

(2551, 30 -31)

28








2. (Cooperative Learning)
Joyce and Weil (1986, , 2536)





3

1.

2.





3.

29




1.

2.

3.



3.

(Student Team
Learning)

Robert E. Slavin (1980, pp. 71-128 , 2550, 40)
(Student Teams-Achievement
Division STAD) (Teams-Games-Tournaments
TGT) 2 (Jigsaw II) 3
(Teams
Assisted Individualization TAI)
(Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC)
5



1. (Student Teams
Achievement Division STAD)

30
4-5


15-20

(STAD)
2



2. (Teams- Games Tournament TGT)
4-5


1-2
15-20



3. (Team Assisted Individualization
TAI)
4-5

31











4. (Cooperatived Reading and
Composition CIRC)
3


4-5







5. (Jigsaw)
4-5

32

Slavin
Jigsaw II

4.
Johnson and Johnson (1994, pp. 31-37 , 2548, 99 -101)

5
1.



2.




3.

33


4. 4-5



5.



5.
Slavin et al. (1990, pp. 22-28 , 2536, 30)

5
1 (Class Presentation)
2 (Team Study)
3 (Test)
4 (Individual Improvement Scores)
5 (Team Recognition)

1


2 4-5




(Self-Esteem)

34
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

5.1.
5.2.

5.3. 3

5.4.

3 1-2


4



10
5

1.

35
2.
4-5 1 2-3
1
3.

1 78 ( 100)
2 76 ( 100)

154
77
77


100
4.

(Slavin et al., 1990, pp. 22-28 ,
2536, 34) 4

36
4

10
0 10
0 10
10
( )

0
10
20
30
30

5.



6.
3 (Slavin et al., 1990,
pp. 22-28 , 36) 5
5

15-19
20-24
25

(Good Team)
(Great Team)
(Super Team)

37





7.
( )

7.1.



7.2.

7.3.
( )

8.
( )

38

4.



(2537, 916)


E1 /E2
(Efficiency of Process-E1) / (Efficiency of Product-E2)
1. (Empirical Approach)



E1
E2
2 E1/E2 = 80/80, E1/E2
= 75/75
80/80 /

80 80
(E1/E2)
E1/E2
80/80, 85/85 90/90
75/75
( ) E1/E2 = 90/90, 85/85
80/80 90/90

39
85/85
80/80
85/85
80/80
75/75

E1/E2 75/75


75/75


75

6
75
75

5.
5.1.



(2546, 52)

40
(2552, 67)










5.2



(2545, 189)




(2555, 11)




(2552, 67)

41








5.3



(2545, 188)




(2555, 12)

1.

2.

3.

4.

42
5.

(2552, 74)












5.4



(2542, 69-72)

(Wilson) 4

1. (Computation)

2. (Comprehension)

3. (Application)

43
4. (Analysis)

(2555, 21-22)








4

6.
6.1.


Good (1973, , 2545 )
(Accomplishment)
(Knowledge Attained)

44
(2542, 143)


(2549, 16)



(2551, 79)






6.2.



(2545, 193) 2

1.



2.

45

(2555, 28)
8

1.

2.

3. 2

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

46
6.3.



(2545, 194 -195)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
8.

9.

(2555, 162-163)



0.20 - 0.80

47

7.
7.1. 7E
(2547, )

80 1 5Es
BSCS 40
1) 5Es BSCS
0.05
80 81.20
0.05 2)
5Es BSCS
0.05 80
81
0.05
(2549, ) 7
.
4 4 30

3
3 .
0.05 7
. 0.05
(2551, )
7
1 1)
1 7

48
60 60 2)
1 7
70 70
() 2 2550
49 57.14
60.78 71.42
73.78
(2551, 79-83)
-
5 7
KWDL
7 - KWDL
0.05 7
-
0.05 KWDL

0.05
(2553, )
1 7E
1)
1 2) 7E
1 3) 1
7E 1
2 15 1)
1
7E 0.05
2) 7 E
7E 3)
1 7E

49
(2556, )
5E STAD 4
1 40 1.
5E STAD
4 6 1 ) 2)
3) 4) 5) 6)

5E STAD 4 85.63/76.00

5E STAD
0.01
5E STAD
Billings (2002, , 2553)

5 28

56 75
66
85

Ebrahim (2004, , 2553)

4E
2

4E
111 56 55
4E
4 2
2

50
4E


4E
7E

7.2.
(STAD)
(2540, )
1



0.05
(2542, 73)
3
TEAM-GAMESTOURNAMENT STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVEMENT
DIVISION
120
TGT STAD
0.01

0.05 TGT STAD


(2548, 88)
5
(STAD)
5
1 40

51
(STAD)

5
(STAD) 82.90/84.88
0.67
(STAD)

(2550, )
STAD 5
1 24
(STAD)
85.61/83.16
0.7452 74.52
(STAD)
74.52
(2550, 82-83)
6
(STAD)
3 24
84.17/84.03
0.7446 74.46
(STAD)
74.46
(2551, )
6
(STAD)
1 ()
72
(STAD)
0.05

52
Nicols (1994 , 2550)
(STAD)
81
5

(STAD)


Suyanto (1999 , 2551)
(STAD)
(Yogyakata)
3, 4 5 664 30 10
5 5

(STAD) (
)
(STAD) (Test Hasid
Belabor) 2
(STAD)
3 5
STAD
4
(STAD)
(STAD)

Kasim, Kamula, and Ayten (2006)

4
46 2
7

53


Gok and Silay (2008)
Multiple Intelligence Framework 2
25 21
4 3 24



7E



2
7E STAD
. 3
.. 2551

. 3
7E STAD

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
1. . 3
16 2
2557 3/7 3/8 70

2. .
3/8 2 2557 35
(Cluster Sampling)
2.
2
1. 7E STAD
6

55
2.
4 26
3.
( One Group PretestPosttest Design) ( , 2550) 6
6

T1

T2

E
T 1
T 2
X 7E STAD
4.
1.
7E
STAD
1.1. 2551

7E

7E ( , 52)

7E STAD 7

 7 7E STAD


7E
STAD
1. (Elicitation Phase)
/



2. (Engagement Phase)




1. (Class
Presentation)

7E STAD
1. 1
2
7E

2. ( Class
Presentation) 1

56

 7 ()

7E
3. (Exploration Phase)







4. (Explanation Phase)

STAD
2. (Team)
4-5

7E
STAD
3. (Team) 2

3-5
7E


3.1. (Exploration Phase)





3.2. (Explanation Phase)




57

 7 ()


7E
STAD
5. (Elaboration Phase)

7E
STAD
3.3. (Elaboration Phase)

6. (Evaluation Phase)

4. (Evaluation Phase) 6
7E 3 5

3. (Test)



4. (Individual
Improvement
Scores)

58

 7 ()

7E

7. (Extension Phase)

STAD
5. (Team
Recognition)

7E STAD



(

)
5. (Extension Phase)
7 7E

59

60
7 7E
STAD 5
1)
2) (Class Presentation)
3) (Team Study)
3.1) (Exploration Phase)
3.2) (Explanation Phase)
3.3) (Elaboration Phase)
4) (Evaluation Phase)
4.1) (Individual Improvement Scores)
4.2) (Team Recognition)
5) (Extension Phase)
5
7E STAD
7E STAD
8
8 7E
STAD

1.

7E STAD
1 2
7E
-
-

61
8 ()

7E STAD
2. 1
(Class Presentation)

- 4-5




3.
2
(Team Study)
3-5
7E

-







4. (Evaluation 6 7E
Phase)
3-5


-

62
8 ()

5.
(Extension Phase)

7E STAD








(

)
7 7E
-

7E
STAD 3

63
-
-
-

-
-
-
-

-

-
-

-
(

)

-

-

-

3 7E STAD

64
1.2.
3 2 2557 4
1
2
3
4
2
7E STAD

1.3.
2 3
6 11 9
9
3

1.

2.

3.

()
1

65
9 ()

4-5

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

()

2

(1)

(2)

11

1.4. 3
7E STAD 6

1
2
3
4 (1)
5 (2)

66
6
1.5. 7E STAD

1.6. 7E STAD
3

4
3

2
1
3
(Rating Scale)
(Likert) 5 ( , 2545, 67 -71)
4.51-5.00
3.51-4.50
2.51-3.50
1.51-2.50
1.00-1.50
4.67 1.00
0 0.58 ( )
1.7. 7E STAD

1.8. 7E STAD

67
4 3 4-5 1 2-3 1


1.9. 7E STAD
4-5
1 2-3 1
1 3
1.9.1. 1

1.9.2.
1.9.3.


35
10
10 8

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

68
10 ()

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C

69
10 4-5
35
A 1, 16, 17, 32, 33
B 2, 15, 18, 31, 34
C 3, 14, 19, 30, 35
D 4, 13, 20, 29
E 5, 12, 21, 28
F 6, 11, 22, 27
G 7, 10, 23, 26
H 8, 9, 24, 25
7E STAD

1.10.

7E
STAD 4

70

7E
STAD
4
2 .

71
2.1.

2.2.
3 4
1
2
3
4
2.3.
3
2.4.
3 4 42
( 26 ) 11
11
3

1.

2.

3.

1.

2(1)

2(1)

4(2)

2(2)

72
11 ()

4.

5.

3. 6.

7.



4. 8.

9.

2.

2(1)

4(3)

4(2)

1(1)

1(1)

5(3)

6(4)

11

1(1)

2(1)

6(3)

42

26

2.5.

2.6.
3

73
(IOC)

+1
0
-1
2.7. 36
0.67 -1.00 (
)
2.8.
4
1
2.9. (P) (r)
0.33 0.73 0.27 0.67
26 ( )
2.10.
(Kuder- Richardson) 0.87 (
)

3 5
5 .

1. 1 (Cluster
Sampling) 3/8
STAD
2.

3. (Pretest)

74

42

36 IOC
0.67- 1.00
36
(Try out)
0.33 - 0.73
0.27- 0.67 26
0.87

75
4. 11 50


6 (E1)
6
20:20:20:40
5. (Posttest)

(E2)

4 26
6.
50
7. 75
One Sample t-test
6.
1.

2. 7E
STAD
3.
75 t -test One
Sample ( , 2553, 111)
7.

1.

76
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4.5.

1 2
3

S.D

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

00

5
5

5
5

5
5

5
5

0
0

5
4

4
5

4
5

4.33
5

0.47
0

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

124
18 ()

4.6.
4.7.
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.

6.
6.1.

6.2.
6.3.

1 2
3
5 5 5
5 4 5

5
4.67

0.58

S.D

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

5
5

5
5

4
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

125
19 3

1.
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
2.
2.1.

2.2.
2.3.
3.
3.1.
3.2.

3.3.

4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.

4.4.

1 2
3

S.D

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
4
5

4.67
4.33
5

0.58
0.47
0

5
4

5
5

5
5

5
4.67

0
0.58

5
5

5
5

4
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
4
4

5
4.67
4.67

0
0.58
0.58

4.67

0.58

126
19 ()

4.5.

4.6.
4.7.
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.

6.
6.1.

6.2.
6.3.

1 2
3
5 5 5

S.D

5
5

4
5

5
4

4.67
4.67

0.58
0.58

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
4

5
4.67
4.67

0
0.58
0.58

5
5

5
5

5
5

5
5

0
0

127
20 4
(1)

1.
1.1
1.2.
1.3
2.
2.1.

2.2.
2.3.
3.
3.1.
3.2.

3.3.

4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.

4.4.

1 2
3

S.D

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

4
5

5
5

5
4

4.67
4.67

0.58
0.58

5
5

5
5

5
5

5
5

0
0

4.67

0.58

5
4
4

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
4.67

0
0.58
0.58

128
20 ()

4.5.

4.6.
4.7.
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.

6.
6.1.

6.2.
6.3.

1 2
3
5 5 5

S.D

5
4

5
5

5
5

5
4.68

0
0.58

4
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

4.68
4.68
5

0.58
0.58
0

5
5

5
5

5
5

5
5

0
0

129
21 5
(2)

1.
1.1
1.2.
1.3
2.
2.1.

2.2.
2.3.
3.
3.1.
3.2.

3.3.

4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.

4.4.

1 2
3

S.D

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

5
4

5
5

5
5

5
4.67

0
0.58

5
4

5
5

5
5

5
4.67

0
0.58

4.67

0.58

5
4
4

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

0
0
0

130
21 ()

4.5.

4.6.
4.7.
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.

6.
6.1.

6.2.
6.3.

1 2
3
4 5 5

4.67

0.58
S.D

5
5

5
5

5
5

5
5

0
0

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

4
5

5
5

5
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

4
5

5
5

5
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

131
22 6

1.
1.1
1.2.
1.3
2.
2.1.

2.2.
2.3.
3.
3.1.
3.2.

3.3.

4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.

4.4.

1 2
3

S.D

4
5
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

4.67
5
5

0.58
0
0

4
5

5
5

5
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

5
4

5
5

5
5

5
4.67

0
0.58

4.67

0.58

4.67

0.58

4.67

0.58

132
22 ()

4.5.

4.6.
4.7.
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.

6.
6.1.

6.2.
6.3.

1 2
3
5 5 5

S.D

4
5

5
5

5
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

5
4
5

5
5
5

5
5
5

5
4.67
5

0
0.58
0

4
5

5
5

5
5

4.67
5

0.58
0

133
23 (IOC)

1 2 3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
0
1
0
1
2
4
1
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
3
7
1
1
1
3
3
8
1
1
1
3
9
1
1
1
3
10
1
1
1
3
11
1
0
1
2
4
12
1
0
1
2
13
1
1
1
3
14
1
1
1
3
15
1
1
1
3
16
0
1
1
2
5
17
1
1
1
3
18
1
1
1
3
19
1
1
1
3
20
1
1
1
3

IOC

1
1
0.33
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.67
0.67
1
1
1
0.67
1
1
1
1

134
23 ()

1 2 3
21
0
1
1
2
6
22
1
1
1
3
23
1
1
1
3
24
1
1
1
3
25
1
1
1
3
26
1
1
1
3
27
1
1
1
3
7
28
1
1
1
3
29
1
1
1
3
30
1
1
1
3
31
1
1
1
3
32
1
1
1
3
33
1
1
1
3
34
0
1
1
2
8
35
1
1
1
3
36
1
1
1
3
37
0
1
0
1
38
-1
1
0
0
39
0
1
1
2
9
40
1
1
1
3
41
1
1
1
3
42
1
1
1
3

IOC

0.67
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.67
1
1
0.33
0
0.67
1
1
1

135
(P) (r)

24 (P) (r)
36 26

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

0.40
0.50
0.47
0.93
0.50
0.73
0.70
0.53
0.50
0.63
0.63
0.60
0.40
0.60
0.57
0.53
0.50
0.43
0.33
0.70
0.57

0.27
0.47
0.27
0.00
0.33
0.53
0.33
-0.13
0.46
0.33
-0.10
0.40
0.53
0.40
0.33
0.27
0.33
0.47
0.40
0.33
0.07

p
r

136
24 ()

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

0.63
0.53
0.77
0.53
0.63
0.47
0.73
0.73
0.40
0.37
0.37
0.53
0.50
0.57
0.57

0.47
0.53
0.07
0.67
0.47
0.40
0.40
0.53
0.27
0.33
0.20
0.40
0.33
0.33
0.20

P
r

137
25 p, q pq
3 ( 26 )

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

p
0.50
0.47
0.50
0.73
0.70
0.50
0.63
0.60
0.40
0.60
0.57
0.50
0.43
0.33
0.63
0.53
0.53
0.63
0.47
0.73
0.73
0.40
0.37
0.53
0.50

q
0.50
0.53
0.50
0.27
0.30
0.50
0.37
0.40
0.60
0.40
0.43
0.50
0.57
0.67
0.37
0.47
0.47
0.37
0.53
0.27
0.27
0.60
0.63
0.47
0.50

pq
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.20
0.21
0.25
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.24
0.23
0.25
0.25

138
25 ()

26

p
0.57

q
0.43

pq
0.25

pq 6.14
0.87

3 KR-20 (Kuder - Richardson)
rtt

k pq
1

k 1
S t2

2
t

n X 2 X
n(n 1)

n = 30
X = 423
2
X = 178929
2
X = 7073

S
2
t

n X 2 X

n(n 1)
30(7073) 178929

30(30 1)

= 38.23
KR-20

rtt

k pq
1

k 1
S t2

30
6.14
1

30 1 38.23

= 0.87

1.
7E STAD
50
2. t test SPSS for windows
3. 1 6
4. 1 6
5. 1 6
6. 1 6
7. 7E
STAD
8. STAD

140

7E STAD 50

26
( 26 )

1
9
2
5
3
8
4
4
5
6
6
9
7
3
8
7
9
10
10
4
11
7
12
3
13
4
14
6
15
8
16
8
17
5
18
7

26
19
5
21
20
7
22
21
3
23
22
5
20
23
7
21
24
4
22
25
8
21
26
9
25
27
7
24
28
10
22
29
7
13
30
5
20
31
4
21
32
5
20
33
7
19
34
9
16
35
4
26

219
6.26
X
S.D.
2.08

25
14
19
21
14
24
21
22
16
26
15
15
18
19
14
20
21
706
20.17
3.71

141
6.26
20.17

.
( , 2555, 88)



b %
b
z a (n a )
100

a
n
b

b 50%

26 1
9
50
z 9 (26 9)
100
50
9 (17)
100

= 17.5

142
27
. 7E
STAD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

( 26 )
9
5
8
4
6
9
3
7
10
4
7
3
4
6
8
8
5
7
5
7
3
5

(z)
17.5
15.5
17
15
16
17.5
14.5
16.5
18
15
16.5
14.5
15
16
17
17
15.5
16.5
15.5
16.5
14.5
15.5

( 26)
26
21
22
23
20
21
22
21
25
24
22
13
20
21
20
19
16
26
25
14
19
21

143
27 ()

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

( 26 )
7
4
8
9
9
7
10
7
5
4
5
7
9
219
6.26

(z)
16.5
15
17
17.5
16.5
18
16.5
15.5
15
15.5
16.5
17.5
15
564.5
16.13

( 26)
14
24
21
22
16
26
15
15
18
19
14
20
21
706
20.17

144
t test SPSS for windows
28 75
SPSS for windows
One-Sample Statistics

N
score

Mean
35

Std. Error
Mean

Std. Deviation

20.1714

3.70600

.62643

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 19.5

95% Confidence Interval
of the Difference
t
score

1.072

df

Sig. (2-tailed)
34

.291

Mean
Difference
.67143

Lower
-.6016

Upper
1.9445

145
1 6
29
3 7E
STAD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

1 2 3 4 5 6
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
10
10
10
9
9
10
9
9
9
8
9
10
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
8
9
9
8
10
9
9
8
10
8
9
9
10
9
9
9
8
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
9
10
8
8
7
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
7
7
7
8
9
9
10
10
9
9
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
10
10
10
9
8
8
7
9
8
10
10
10
10
10
9

(60)
58
54
56
54
53
54
58
60
58
46
47
45
56
59
60
60
60
60
58
49
59

20%
19.33
18.00
18.67
18.00
17.67
18.00
19.33
20.00
19.33
15.33
15.67
15.00
18.67
19.67
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
19.33
16.33
19.67

146
29 ()

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

1 2 3 4 5 6
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
9
10
9
9
10
10
7
8
9
9
8
7
9
8
10
9
9
9
8
9
8
9
8
8
8
9
9
9
8
9
10
10
8
9
7
8
7
7
9
9
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
10
10
10

(60)
60
58
60
60
58
58
53
50
54
50
55
46
57
57

20%
20.00
19.33
20.00
20.00
19.33
19.33
17.67
16.67
18.00
16.67
18.33
15.33
19.00
19.00

147

1 6
30
. 3
7E STAD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1
(12)
12
8
8
10
10
8
10
10
11
12
10
8
9
10
9
9
10
10
12
8

2
(12)
10
9
9
8
10
10
8
10
8
10
8
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
9

3 4 5
(14)
(10)
(15)
10
7
11
9
8
10
9
7
10
10
9
14
9
8
10
9
7
10
10
9
14
10
9
10
10
8
11
10
8
12
8
6
10
10
8
10
11
10
12
10
7
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
10
8
11
12
10
14
12
8
12
13
8
10

6

73
(10)
20%
10
60
16.44
8
52
14.25
8
51
13.97
9
60
16.44
8
55
15.07
8
52
14.25
9
60
16.44
7
56
15.34
9
57
15.62
9
61
16.71
8
50
13.70
10
53
14.52
7
59
16.16
7
54
14.79
7
56
15.34
7
58
15.89
7
56
15.34
10
66
18.08
9
64
17.53
7
55
15.07

148
30 ()

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

1 2 3 4 5
(12)
(12)
(14)
(10)
(15)
9
11
12
10
14
10
10
10
7
14
12
8
12
7
11
10
11
10
10
14
11
10
8
7
11
8
11
12
7
9
10
7
11
9
10
10
8
12
9
10
8
9
10
8
9
9
10
9
9
13
10
10
8
7
11
8
7
12
7
9
10
9
10
6
10
9
8
10
10
11
8
7
8
7
9

6
73
(10)
9
65
9
60
10
60
9
64
9
56
10
57
8
55
8
57
8
52
9
59
7
53
10
53
9
54
7
55
10
49

20%
17.81
16.44
16.44
17.53
15.34
15.62
15.07
15.62
14.25
16.16
14.52
14.52
14.79
15.07
13.42

149
1 6
31
. 3
7E STAD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

1 2 3 4 5
(7)
(15)
(20)
(25)
(20)
7
14
18
22
19
6
14
15
21
16
7
13
16
20
17
6
14
14
22
17
7
15
15
19
15
5
14
13
16
17
6
15
13
19
18
6
14
15
21
18
6
13
16
19
16
5
11
14
17
20
5
14
14
18
13
4
12
12
14
16
6
13
14
21
16
6
14
15
20
15
7
13
17
22
18
6
15
17
20
19
7
13
17
24
19
7
14
19
22
20
7
15
18
23
20
5
11
13
23
15
6
15
16
20
17

6
(20)
20
13
19
13
20
15
16
20
20
13
12
12
17
13
18
18
20
19
19
13
18

107
100
85
92
86
91
80
87
94
90
80
76
70
87
83
95
95
100
101
102
80
92

20%
18.69
15.89
17.20
16.07
17.01
14.95
16.26
17.57
16.82
14.95
14.21
13.08
16.26
15.51
17.76
17.76
18.69
18.88
19.07
14.95
17.20

150

31 ()

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

1 2 3 4 5
(7)
(15)
(20)
(25)
(20)
6
14
15
20
18
6
13
14
18
15
5
14
15
22
17
6
14
16
22
19
5
15
17
23
20
6
13
14
16
14
7
14
14
21
19
5
12
14
18
17
5
12
14
18
16
6
12
15
18
15
4
14
16
22
17
5
12
13
16
13
6
13
15
18
16
6
13
14
20
16

6
(20)
15
17
18
16
17
13
19
12
14
14
16
12
14
19

107
88
83
91
93
97
76
94
78
79
80
89
71
82
88

20%
16.45
15.51
17.01
17.38
18.13
14.21
17.57
14.58
14.77
14.95
16.64
13.27
15.33
16.45

151
1 6
32 6
7E STAD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

1 2 3 4 5
(5)
(10)
(15)
(10)
(10)
5
9
14
10
8
4
8
13
8
8
4
8
13
8
10
3
8
11
8
6
5
10
9
8
8
4
9
9
9
8
4
9
13
8
8
4
9
9
6
8
5
7
11
8
8
3
8
11
9
8
4
8
14
8
8
4
7
11
6
6
5
9
9
7
6
4
7
11
6
6
4
7
14
9
8
5
9
13
9
6
5
9
12
6
9
5
10
15
10
9
4
9
15
10
9
5
7
11
6
6
5
9
13
10
10
3
10
15
7
9

6
(10)
9
9
9
9
10
8
8
8
9
8
9
8
8
8
8
9
9
10
10
7
9
10

60
40%
55 36.67
50 33.33
52 34.67
45 30.00
50 33.33
47 31.33
50 33.33
44 29.33
48 32.00
47 31.33
51 34.00
42 28.00
44 29.33
42 28.00
50 33.33
51 34.00
50 33.33
59 39.33
57 38.00
42 28.00
56 37.33
54 36.00

152
32 ()

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

1 2 3 4 5
(5)
(10)
(15)
(10)
(10)
4
8
11
8
8
5
8
11
10
8
4
9
14
9
8
5
9
14
9
9
4
9
9
7
9
4
10
14
7
8
3
6
11
7
8
4
7
12
6
7
3
9
9
10
9
5
8
12
10
8
4
7
11
6
6
5
7
11
6
6
4
7
11
10
9

6
(10)
10
9
8
9
7
10
7
8
7
9
7
8
8

60
49
51
52
55
45
53
42
44
47
52
41
43
49

40%
32.67
34.00
34.67
36.67
30.00
35.33
28.00
29.33
31.33
34.67
27.33
28.67
32.67

153
33
6 20:20:20:40

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

(20)
19.33
18.00
18.67
18.00
17.67
18.00
19.33
20.00
19.33
15.33
15.67
15.00
18.67
19.67
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
19.33
16.33
19.67
20.00

(20)
16.44
14.25
13.97
16.44
15.07
14.25
16.44
15.34
15.62
16.71
13.70
14.52
16.16
14.79
15.34
15.89
15.34
18.08
17.53
15.07
17.81
16.44

(20)
6
100
(40)
18.69
36.67
91.13
15.89
33.33
81.47
17.20
34.67
84.50
16.07
30.00
80.51
17.01
33.33
83.08
14.95
31.33
78.53
16.26
33.33
85.37
17.57
29.33
82.25
16.82
32.00
83.77
14.95
31.33
78.33
14.21
34.00
77.57
13.08
28.00
70.60
16.26
29.33
80.43
15.51
28.00
77.98
17.76
33.33
86.43
17.76
34.00
87.65
18.69
33.33
87.37
18.88
39.33
96.29
19.07
38.00
93.93
14.95
28.00
74.36
17.20
37.33
92.00
16.45
36.00
88.89

154
33 ()

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

S.D.

(20)
19.33
20.00
20.00
19.33
19.33
17.67
16.67
18.00
16.67
18.33
15.33
19.00
19.00
646.67
18.48
1.53

(20)

(20)
6
100
(40)
16.44
15.51
32.67
83.95
17.53
17.01
34.00
88.54
15.34
17.38
34.67
87.39
15.62
18.13
36.67
89.75
15.07
14.21
30.00
78.61
15.62
17.57
35.33
86.19
14.25
14.58
28.00
73.49
16.16
14.77
29.33
78.26
14.52
14.95
31.33
77.47
14.52
16.64
34.67
84.16
14.79
13.27
27.33
70.73
15.07
15.33
28.67
78.06
13.42
16.45
32.67
81.54
571.03
543.56
1139.33
2900.59
16.32
15.53
32.55
82.87
1.57
1.17
3.20
6.24
82.87

155
7E STAD
34
7E STAD . 3
35

()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

(26 )
9
5
8
4
6
9
3
7
10
4
7
3
4
6
8
8
5
7
5
7
3

(100 )
91.13
81.47
84.50
80.51
83.08
78.53
85.37
82.25
83.77
78.33
77.57
70.60
80.43
77.98
86.43
87.65
87.37
96.29
93.93
74.36
92.00

(26 )
26
21
22
23
20
21
22
21
25
24
22
13
20
21
20
19
16
26
25
14
19

156
34 ()

()
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

(26 )
5
2
4
8
9
7
10
7
5
4
5
7
9
4
219
6.26

(100 )
(26 )
88.89
21
83.95
14
88.54
24
87.39
21
89.75
22
78.61
16
86.19
26
73.49
15
78.26
15
77.47
18
84.16
19
70.73
14
78.06
20
81.54
21
2900.59
706
82.87
20.17
82.87
77.58
E1/ E2 = 82.87/77.58

157
STAD
35
STAD

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

18
19
26
3
16
28
1
5

97
93
93
87
81
81
80
80

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

9
15
21
32
23
17
22
24

80
80
80
80
77
76
75
75

H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A

158
35 ()

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

25
35
2
8
11
14
29
13
10
4
6
7
31
34
27
30

75
75
72
72
70
70
70
68
65
65
65
63
63
62
62
60

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A

33
34
35

20
33
12

56
55
53

A
B
C

159
36 7E
STAD

18
24
25
30
20
19
22
35
27
33
26
17
2
34
12
3
23
8
31
16
32
11
7

97
75
75
60
56
93
75
75
62
55
93
76
72
62
53
87
77
72
63
81
80
70
63

160
36 ()

28
21
14
6
1
15
29
4
5
9
13
10

81
80
70
65
80
80
70
65
80
80
68
65

162

23102

3
1

1./
5
5.2 :

6: /
. 6.1 :
. 6.2 :
. 6.3 :

. 6.4 :

. 6.5 :
2.
2.1 :
1.

2.2 / :
1.
2.
2.3 :
1.
2.
3.

163
3.

.. 1654
24 6



24
6 0.4914 49%

- 70 %

- 3

-

4.



5.
1.
1.1.
7E STAD
1.2.
1:2:1 9

164
1.3.

1.4.

1.5.
(Chevalier de Mere)
1.6.

2.
2.1.

- 3
( )(
)
-
(
)
3.
3.1. 1.1

3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

3.5 1.2

165
4.
4.1.


4.2 (
)
4.3 1

5.
5.1. 1

6.
6.1 1.1 1.2
6.2 1
7. /
7.1
1. 1.1-1.2
2. 1
8.

1.

1.1-1.2
1
75

166

2. /

3.

1.1-1.2
1

/
2


75

9.

.....................................
(..)
.........................................
10.

167
/

.....................................
( )
.............................. .................

168

1.1

1.

2.
1

1.

169

1
4


405
120 492
180

...
...
...
...

...

170

3
B
CC A

A
B


B 15

C

171

1

1.
2556
2
1 4
100 4

172

2. 2

80
2556 25 -35
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

173

1.2


1
A4 1
:

1. 1-2
2.
3.

4.

174

23102

3
2

1./
5
5.2 :

6: /
. 6.1 :
. 6.2 :
. 6.3 :

. 6.4 :

. 6.5 :
2.
2.1 :
1.
2.
2.2 / :
1.
2.
2.3 :
1.
2.
3.

175
3.

70%
5
1


1 3 2
1

1 1
1 1 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 6 6

2 3 2 1

3 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

4.


5.
1.
1.1.

1.2.

176
1.3.
70% (
)
1.4. 5
1

1.5 3

1.6. 3

2.
2.1.
-
- ( )
2.2.

2.3. (
)

2.4. 1
-
- 1 , 2 ,3, 4, 5, 6
- 1 6
2.5.
- 1 1
H ,T ( 2) n(s) = 2
- 1 2
(HH ,HT ,TH,TT ) n(S) = 4

177
3.
3.1
1
2.1 2
2.2 3
2.3 1 1
2.4 1-5
2
3.2. 4
3.3.
4
3
2 1

3.4 1 -2

3.5 2.1-2.2


4.
4.1. 2.1-2.2

4.2.
4.3.

4.4.

4.5. 10

178
4.6.


5.

2
6.
6.1 2.1 -2.4
6.2 2.1-2.2
7. /
7.1
1. 1-2
2. 2.1 -2.4
3. 2.1 -2.2
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.

1.

2.1-2.4

2.1 -2.2
75

179

2.

2. /

3.

2.1-2.4

2.1 -2.2

/


75

9.

.....................................
(...................................................)
.............................. ..................

180
10.

.
/

.....................................
( )
.............................. ..................

181

1 1

2 1

(,) , (,) , (,) , (
,) H T
(H, H) , (H, T) , (T, H) , (T, T)
1 1, 2, 3, 4 (
)

1, 2, 3, 4
1 1

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6

182

1 1
1 1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
6
1 1
1
1
H
T
1

H
H
HT

TH

TT

4 HH, HT, TH TT

183
2 10

0, 1, 2, 3, ,10
n(S) = 11
3 3 2 1

2
1

1
2

2

1

(1, 2)

(1, )

(2, 1)

(2, )

(, 1)

(, 2)

2 S
(1,2), (1,), (2,1), (2,), (,1), (,2)
n(S) = 6

184
4 3 2 1

2
1

1
2

(1, 1)

(1,2 )

(1, )

(2, 1)

(2, 2
)
(2,)

(, 1)

(, 2)
)
(, )

2
(1,1), (1,2), (1,), (2,1), (2,2), (2,), (,1), (
,2), (,) n(S) = 9

185
5 3 2 1

2
1
1
2
2

(1,2)

(1,)

(2,)

(1,2), (1,), (2,) 6

(,) (,)

(,)
(,)
2 (1,2) (2,1)

186

1.
2.

2.1 2

- 2

1. 2
2.
(1, 5) 1
5
(6, 3) 6
3
3.

187

2.2
3

- 3

1. 3 3
2. 3
(H, T, H) 1 (H) 2 (T) 3 (H)
(T, T, H) 1 (T) 2 (T) 3 (H)
3.

188

2.3
1 1

- 1

1. 1 1
2. 1

..
3. 1

..
4.

..
5.

..
.
..
..
6. .

189

2.4
1-5 2

- 1-5 1 ( 5 )
1

2
4

3
5

1. 2

2.
25 2 2 5
53 5 2 3

3. 2
3.1.

..

190

...

3.2

4. 2
4.1

...

..

...
4.2 .

5. 2
5.1

....

..

...
5.2 ...

191

2.1

( )

1. 1 1 ( )
2. 200 4
3. 50 1 50
5
4. 1 8
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10. 3 4
1

192

2.2

1. 1 2

..

2. 1 3

..

193

3. 3

...

4. 1 1

...

5. 5 1 0, 1, 3, 5, 7
1 2

194

..

6. 5 1 0, 1, 3, 5, 7
1 2

..

.....

7. 5 1 0, 1, 3, 5, 7
1 2

195
..

8. 2 2 1
2
2 1 2
2 1 2

..

...

196

9. 2 2 1
2 ( )

..

.....

10. 4

..

.....

..

197

3.
4.

5

198

1. ...
.
...
2. ...
.
...
3. ...

...
4. ...
.
...
5. ...
.
...
2
3
1. ...
...
2. ..
...
3. ...
...

199

23102
2

3
26

()

1.
1) 1 1
2) 1 1 1

3) 1
. 1)
. 2)
. 3)
.
2.
1) 1 1
2) 2
3) 1 1
4)
. 1) 2)
. 1) 3)
. 2) 4)
. 1), 2) 4)

200
3. 2 4

. (, ) , ( ,) , ( , )
. (, ) , (, ) , (, ) , (, ) , (, )
. (, ) , (, ) , (, ) , (, ) , (, ) ,( , )
. ( , ) , (, ) , (, ), (, ) , (, ) , (, ) , (, ) ,
( ), ( , )
4. 3 A, B, C .. 1

. (A, B), (A,C), (B,C)
. (A, B), (A, C), (B, C), (B, A), (C, A), (C, B)
. (A, B), (A, C), (B, A), (B, C), (A, A), (B, B), (C, C)
. (A, A), (A, B), (A, C), (B, B), (B, A), (B, C), (C, C), (C, A), (C, B)
5. 1 1 1

. 6
. 12
. 18
. 36
6. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2
. 36
. 30
. 25
. 20

201
7. 7 4 6
1
.
.
.
.
8. 10 1
5
. 5, 4, 3, 2 1
. 6, 7, 8, 9 10
. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 0
. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10
9.

. (, ), (, )
. (, ), (, )
. (, ), (, ), (, )
. (, ), (, ), (, ), (, )
10. 1 1 1
. (H, 2), (H, 4), (H, 6), (T, 2), (T, 4), (T, 6)
. (H, 2), (H, 6), (T, 2), (T, 4), (T, 6)
. (T, 2), (H, 4), (H, 6), (T, 2), (T, 4), (T, 6)
. (H, 2), (H, 5), (H, 6), (T, 2), (T, 4), (T, 6)

202
11. 10 1 10 1
2 4
. 2, 4, 8 10
. 2, 4, 8
. 2, 4
. 4, 8
12. 20 1- 20 1

. 6
. 7
. 8
. 9
13.
(1) - 5
(2) - 8
(3) 10
(4) 7
4 1

(1) 12
(2) 16
(3) 15
(4) 18

. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4

203
14.
.
. 1
. 0
.
15. 1
. 0
.
.
.

1
2
1
4
1
6

16. 2
. 1
.
.
.

1
2
1
4
1
6

17. 4 2 1 1
2 ( )

.
.
.
.

1
2
1
4
1
5
1
6

204
18. CHILDREN 1 1

.
.
.
.

1
8
1
6
5
8
3
4

19. 40 1 40 1
1 3 6

.
.
.
.

7
40
13
40
17
40
19
40

20. 2
11
. 0
.
.
.

1
30
1
36
1
12

205
21. 2 6
6
.
.
.
.

1
36
5
36
1
2
2
3

22. 0.35
5,000

. 1,750
. 3,000
. 4,200
. 5,000
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207

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208

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93/34

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( )