1.

Language Barrier; - Different languages, vocabulary, accent, dialect represents a

national/ regional barriers. Semantic gaps are words having similar pronunciation but
multiple meanings like- round; badly expressed message, wrong interpretation and
unqualified assumptions. The use of difficult or inappropriate words/ poorly explained or
misunderstood messages can result in confusion.
2. Cultural Barriers: - Age, education, gender, social status, economic position, cultural
background, temperament, health, beauty, popularity, religion, political belief, ethics,
values, motives, assumptions, aspirations, rules/regulations, standards, priorities can
separate one person from another and create a barrier.
3. Individual Barrier: - It may be a result of an individual's perceptual and personal
discomfort. Even when two persons have experienced the same event their mental
perception may/may not be identical which acts as a barrier. Style, selective perception,
halo effect, poor attention and retention, defensiveness, close mindedness, insufficient
filtration are the Individual or Psychological barrier.
4. Organizational Barrier: - It includes Poor Organization's culture, climate, stringent
rules, regulations, status, relationship, complexity, inadequate facilities/ opportunities of
growth and improvement; whereas; the nature of the internal and external environment
like large working areas physically separated from others, poor lightening, staff shortage,
outdated equipments and background noise are Physical Organizational Barrier.
5. Interpersonal Barrier: - Barriers from Employers are :- Lack of Trust in employees;
Lack of Knowledge of non-verbal clues like facial expression, body language, gestures,
postures, eye contact; different experiences; shortage of time for employees; no
consideration for employee needs; wish to capture authority; fear of losing power of
control; bypassing and informational overloading, while Barriers from Employees
includes Lack of Motivation, lack of co-operation, trust, fear of penalty and poor
relationship with the employer.
6. Attitudinal Barrier: - It comes about as a result of problems with staff in the
organisation. Limitation in physical and mental ability, intelligence, understanding, preconceived notions, and distrusted source divides the attention and create a mechanical
barrier which affects the attitude and opinion.
7. Channel Barrier: - If the length of the communication is long, or the medium selected
is inappropriate, the communication might break up; it can also be a result of the interpersonal conflicts between the sender and receiver; lack of interest to communicate;
information sharing or access problems which can hamper the channel and affect the
clarity, accuracy and effectiveness.

2)Linguistic Barrier: Different language and vocabulary is another barrier in

communication. Language is vague in nature and its words are symbols which
hardly represent only one meaning. The meanings of these symbols or words are
understood by the sender and receiver in their own way which can result in

misinterpretation. If communicator uses difficult or inappropriate words or if

message is not explained in proper manner then it can result in misinterpretation. It
is the language only that plays vital role in every field so it should be kept in mind
that proper language and words are used. In todays world if you send your
message to another person in his language then it will be more effective and in this
way the communication can be made effectively.
4)Emotional barrier: Every person takes the situations and affair in his own way
as everyone differs from each other. Many times thoughts of the person become
strong base for communication. There are many emotions which can be the cause
of effective communication barrier. Examples include anger, fear, or hostility.
Apart from these some barriers to effective communication are mentioned below:
a)Sudden reactions: Many times while communicating, a listener makes
comment or criticizes the message sender without waiting for the sentence to be
completed. So its very necessary to be keep patience and speak once the
communicator completes his speech.
b)Unfair assumptions: Never make wrong assumptions of the message as it
creates great confusion. For example, you incorrectly assumed that your
subordinate have understood the thing you have explained regarding any issue.
c)Terror: This emotion makes the person to think slowly. He becomes narrow
minded. This makes the negative impact on effective communication skill.
d)Person becomes defensive: Man who cannot communicate effectively just
tries to justify himself every time because he thinks that accepting the mistake
means degradation. This kind of attitude is a great obstacle in the effective
communication.
e)Being overconfident about self knowledge: There are number of persons
existing in this world that are overconfident about themselves that they have
enough knowledge about any subject. But when you talk to such people, you will
discover that they dont have enough knowledge nor such people accept that they
can be wrong. This is another hurdle in effective communication.
2. Perceptual barriers
The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the
world differently. If we didn't, we would have no need to communicate:
something like extrasensory perception would take its place.
The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts,
assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities:

A traveller was walking down a road when he met a man from the next
town. "Excuse me," he said. "I am hoping to stay in the next town
tonight. Can you tell me what the townspeople are like?"
"Well," said the townsman, "how did you find the people in the last
town you visited?"
"Oh, they were an irascible bunch. Kept to themselves. Took me for a
fool. Over-charged me for what I got. Gave me very poor service."
"Well, then," said the townsman, "you'll find them pretty much the
same here."

6. Gender barriers
There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man
and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000
words a day whereas a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In
childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of three, have a
vocabulary twice that of boys.
The reason for this lies in the wiring of a man's and woman's brains.
When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but
in no specific area. When a woman talks, the speech is located in both
hemispheres and in two specific locations.
This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalised
way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more
freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. It
also explains why women talk for much longer than men each day.