Professional Documents
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Routing
www.huawei.com
Page 2
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Chapter 1 IP Address
Chapter 2 Protocols of Network Layer
Chapter 3 Working Principle of Router
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upper layer
data
TCP header upper layer
data
IP header
upper layer
data
Application
layer
Application
layer
Transport
layer
segment
Transport
layer
Network
layer
packet
Network
layer
Data link
layer
frame
Data link
layer
Physical
layer
bit
Physical
layer
0101110101001000010
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IP Header
source
address
171.17.1.1
Upper layer
data
destination
address
Transport layer
Network layer
data
IP address
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IP Address
Network address
Host address
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Classification of IP Address
Class A
1.0.0.0~126.255.255.255
0 Network(7bit)
Class B
Host(24bit)
128.0.0.0~191.255.255.255
1 0 Network(14bit)
Class C
Host(16bit)
192.0.0.0~223.255.255.255
1 1 0
Network(21bit)
Class D
224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255
1 1 1 0
Multicast address
Class E
240.0.0.0~255.255.255.255
1 1 1 1 0
reserve
Host(8bit)
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Special IP Address
Network part
Host part
Address type
Any
all 0
Network
Address
Any
all 1
Broadcast
Address
127
Any
all 0
Usage
Representing a network
Segment
All the nodes of a Specially
designated network segment
Loopback
Address
All Networks
Loop test
As the designate default routes
in Huawei Quidway router
all 1
Broadcast
Address
All nodes of
Local network segment
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Private IP Address
Private IP address
10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255
Page 10
All of the network part and subnet part of subnet mask are 1, and all of
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IP Address
192.168.1
Subnet Mask
255.255.255
Network Address:
192.168.1
100
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System Conversion
8bit
Binary system
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
128
64
32
16
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1*128
1*64
1*32
0*16
1*8
0*4
0*2
1*1
128
64
32
233
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IP address192.168.1.11(decimal)
byte8bits
byte8bits
byte8bits
byte8bits
11000000
10101000
00000001
00001011
192
168
11
binary digit11000000.10101000.00000001.00001011
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172.16.30.1/16
172.16.28.1/16
Et her net
172.16.30.10/16
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Ethernet
Ethernet
172.16.8.1/24
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IP Address
168 .
Subnet mask
11111111
255 . 255
. 255
11111111
11111111
. 240
11110000
8 + 8 + 8+ 4 = 28
192 . 168 . 1 . 7 / 28
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IP Address
168
255
Subnet Mask
11111111
255
11111111
255 .
11111111
240
11110000
Network Address
11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000
(Binary)
Network Address
192.168.1.0/28
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Network Portion
Host Portion
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 00
N bit
Host Number 2n
Valid Host Number : 2n - 2
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28bits
network portion
The total number of host: 24
4bits
Host portion
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Subnet address
201.222.5.8/29
201.222.5.9~201.222.5.14
201.222.5.16/29
201.222.5.17~201.222.5.22
201.222.5.232/29
201.222.5.233~201.222.5.238
201.222.5.240/29
201.222.5.241~201.222.5.246
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Subnet address
Host address
172.16.2.0
172.16.2.1172.16.2.254
Broadcast address
172.16.2.255
IP host address
172.16.2.120
Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
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192.168.5.120
Host address
192.168.5.121-192.168.5.126
Broadcast address
192.168.5.127
IP host address
192.168.5.121
Subnet mask
255.255.255.248
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ISP
announce
192.168.1.0
192.168.1.164/30
192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.168/30
192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.172/30
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extensibility.
198.168.1.0
Internet
Announce route
198.168.0.0/16
198.168.2.0
ISP
198.168.3.0
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Chapter 1 IP Address
Chapter 2 Protocols of Network Layer
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ARP
HostA
IP:10.0.0.1/24
MAC:00-E0-FD-00-00-11
HostB
ARP Reply
IP:10.0.0.2/24
MAC:00-E0-FD-00-00-12
Need MAC
address of
10.0.0.2?
ARP Request?
broadcast
unicast
Page 28
Proxy ARP
Network A
ARP Reply
Network B
ARP Request
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Gratuitous ARP
Create error
information
HostA
HostB
ARP Reply
IP:10.0.0.1/24
MAC:00-E0-FD-00-00-11
IP:10.0.0.1/24
MAC:00-E0-FD-00-00-12
need MAC
address of
10.0.0.1
ARP Request?
broadcast
unicast
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RARP
RARP--Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Your IP
address is
10.0.0.1
Diskless
workstation
RARP Reply
RARP Server
Whats my IP
address?
RARP Request?
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Chapter 1 IP Address
Page 32
the networks
Page 33
Router
Routing protocol
conversion
De-encapsulation
Physical layer
LAN1
Network layer
Data link layer
Protocol
encapsulation
Physical layer
LAN2
WAN
sending
receiving
transmission
Page 34
Routing Table
Router keeps a routing table at any time, sending and forwarding of all
messages
Router maintain a routing table all the time, all the message are sent
from corresponding interface via lookup routing table.
Outgoing interface
Next hop
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD..
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Summary
Page 36
Thank You
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