Student Edition: Contents and Features

STUDENT EDITION
Contents and Features

provides review questions for
each chapter in standardized
test format
correlated to the National
Science Education Standards
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 12 11 10 09 08 07
Contents
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
TO THE STUDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV
NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
STUDENT ANSWER SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
THE STUDY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
COMMUNITIES, BIOMES, AND ECOSYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
POPULATION ECOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
CELLULAR ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
CELLULAR REPRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
COMPLEX INHERITANCE AND HUMAN HEREDITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
MOLECULAR GENETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
THE HISTORY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
PRIMATE EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
ORGANIZING LIFES DIVERSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
BACTERIA AND VIRUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
PROTISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
FUNGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
WORMS AND MOLLUSKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
ARTHROPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
ECHINODERMS AND INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
FISHES AND AMPHIBIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
REPTILES AND BIRDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
MAMMALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
INTEGUMENTARY, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
NERVOUS SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY, AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
DIGESTIVE AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
IMMUNE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
iii
To the Student
Welcome to the Student Edition of Standardized Test Practice for Glencoe Biology. This book
provides two pages of multiple choice questions for each chapter of Glencoe Biology. The
questions will test your mastery of biology concepts in a standardized test practice format.
You may want to use the optional student answer sheet located in the front of the book for
your answers to the chapter questions.
Understanding science can sometimes be a challenge. Standardized Test Practice for

Glencoe Biology provides an opportunity for you to prepare for the state science assessment.
Each question has been correlated to the National Science Education Standards.
iv
National Science Content Standards

Science Content Standards for Grades 912
The National Science Education Standards, published by the National Research Council
and representing the contributions of thousands of educators and scientists, offer a comprehensive vision of a scientifically literate society. The standards not only describe what students
should know but also offer guidelines for biology teaching and assessment.
Correlations on each answer page in this booklet show the close alignment between the
content standards and the review questions. Correlations are designated according to the
numbering system in the table of science content standards shown below.
NATIONAL SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS
Unifying Concepts and Processes

UCP.1 Systems, order, and organization
UCP.2 Evidence, models, and explanation
UCP.3 Change, constancy, and
measurement
UCP.4 Evolution and equilibrium
UCP.5 Form and function
Science as Inquiry
A.1 Abilities necessary to do scientific
inquiry
A.2 Understandings about scientific
inquiry
Physical Science
B.1 Structure of atoms
B.2 Structure and properties of matter
B.3 Chemical reactions
B.4 Motions and forces
B.5 Conservation of energy and increase
in disorder
B.6 Interactions of energy and matter
Life Science
C.1 The cell
C.2 Molecular basis of heredity
C.3 Biological evolution
C.4 Interdependence of organisms
C.5 Matter, energy, and organization in
living systems
C.6 Behavior of organisms
NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS
Earth and Space Sciences

D.1 Energy in the earth system
D.2 Geochemical cycles
D.3 Origin and evolution of the earth
system
D.4 Origin and evolution of the universe
Science and Technology
E.1 Abilities of technological design
E.2 Understandings about science and
technology
Science in Personal and Social
Perspectives
F.1 Personal and community health
F.2 Population growth
F.3 Natural resources
F.4 Environmental quality
F.5 Natural and human-induced hazards
F.6 Science and technology in local,
national, and global challenges
History and Nature of Science
G.1 Science as a human endeavor
G.2 Nature of scientific knowledge
G.3 Historical perspectives
Student Answer Sheet

Name
Date
Class
Chapter
10
11
12
13
14
15
vi
Directions: Fill in the bubbles completely for the answer choice you think is best.
STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
Chapter 1
Name
group of organisms that can interbreed and

1 Aproduce
fertile offspring is a(n)
.
A
B
C
D
family
species
organization
community
Date
A biochemist is performing an experiment to

4 determine
the effects of chemical X on the
growth of bacteria. Which test tube is the control?
Test
Tube 1
Test
Tube 2
the human body, heat is constantly

2 Inside
generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions.
Humans must be able to release heat to the
environment. This adaptation is necessary for
maintaining
.
A energy
B organization
C homeostasis
D locomotion
dissolves in or mixes completely with

3 Sugar
water. The solubility of a substance in water is
determined by measuring the maximum
amount of the substance that dissolves in a
given amount of water at a given temperature.
Hypothesis: The solubility of sugar in water
decreases as the temperature of the water
decreases. Identify the independent variable
and the dependent variable that you would use
to test this hypothesis.
A dependent variablevolume of water;
independent variablewater temperature
B dependent variable-water temperature;
independent variable-amount of sugar that
dissolves
C dependent variable-amount of sugar that
dissolves; independent variable-water
temperature
D dependent variable-amount of sugar that
dissolves; independent variable-mineral
content of the water
Class
20mL
Test
Tube 4
10mL
15mL
20mL
20mL
20mL
20mL
Sterile
beef broth
A
B
C
D
Test
Tube 3
Chemical X
Test tube 1
Test tube 2
Test tube 3
Test tube 4
scientist performs a series of experiments to

5 Aconfirm
an idea regarding cellular metabolism.
The results of the experiments support the
scientists initial idea, and after conferring
with colleagues, the scientist discovers that
evidence from many experiments has supported
the same idea. This idea could now be
considered a(n)
.
A theory
B hypothesis
C observation
D control
6 Which procedure is a scientific method?

A
B
C
D
collecting data
formulating a hypothesis
observing
All are scientific methods.
an experiment, all variables are held

7 In
constant except for one. Then, experimental
results are compared to that one variable.
What type of experiment is this?
A a variable experiment
B a multifactor experiment
C a controlled experiment
D a hypothetical experiment
CHAPTER 1
Chapter 1
Name
Date
unit is part of the International System

8 Which
of International Units (SI)?
decreases. Which graph correctly displays

these findings?
was he or she probably performing?

A descriptive research
B quantitative research
C qualitative research
D controlled research
Some cattle were given bovine growth
bk hormone
(BGH) to see if they would produce
more meat. The animals were studied over a
period of two years. Animals in Group A were
injected with BGH. Animals in Group B were
not injected with BGH. The table shows the
results of the investigation. Which is a valid
conclusion from this data?
Average Mass (kg)
Group A
30
80
170
345
Group B
30
60
115
240
A BGH does not bring about an increase in mass.

B The more BGH injected into the animal, the
faster its mass will increase.
Enzyme activity
0
25
50
75
100
Temperature (oC)
25
50
75
100
Temperature (oC)
25
50
75
100
Temperature (oC)
Temperature Effect
on Enzyme X
Temperature Effect
on Enzyme X
B
Enzyme activity
scientist uses graphs, tables, and charts to

9 Apublish
research results. What type of research
Temperature Effect
on Enzyme X
Enzyme activity
Temperature Effect
on Enzyme X
25
50
75
100
Temperature (oC)
kind of question would an

bn What
environmental biologist ask?
A How can a prosthetic hand be made?

B How can a vaccine for HIV be developed?
C How can the extinction of plants and
animals be prevented?
D How can more crops be grown in poor soils?
is the most precise volume of the liquid
bo What
shown in the figure below?
A
B
C
D
19.4 mL
19.42 mL
19.57 mL
20.58 mL
20
C Animals injected with the hormone will

increase in mass faster than those who are
not injected.
D Animals injected with BGH will not increase
mass as fast as animals that are not injected.
are planning to participate in a walkathon
bl You
for a local charity. Which temperature would
be most comfortable?
A 0C
B 20C
C 40C
D 60C
2
CHAPTER 1
19
experimental design included references to

bp An
prior experiments, materials and equipment, and
step-by-step procedures. What else should be
included before the experiment can be started?
A a set of data
B a conclusion based on data
C safety precautions to be used
D inference based on results
pound
inch
meter
gallon
Days
0
150
300
450
results of an experiment show that as

bm The
temperature increases, enzyme activity
Enzyme activity
A
B
C
D
Class
Chapter 2
Name
1 Ecology.is the study of interactions between

A
B
C
D
Date
Class
Use the illustration below to answer question 6.
the animal groups in an area

living and nonliving things in an area
the nonliving things in an area
the plants and animals in an area
portion of Earth that supports the

2 The
existence of living things is the
.
ecosystem
habitat
biosphere
niche
is a biotic factor that might affect the

3 Which
life of a water-dwelling organism?
A
B
C
D
temperature of the water

speed of water current
pollutants in water
bacterial population in water
floor. This situation would have an immediate

effect on
.
A producers
B carnivores
C herbivores
D decomposers
does the amount of water on Earth
5 How
change as a result of the water cycle?
A
B
C
D
It always increases.
It alternately increases and decreases.
It remains constant.
It always decreases.
Which term best describes the interactions

shown in the diagram?
A biome
B food chain
C ecosystem
D population
the carbon cycle, in what form are carbon
7 During
atoms generally returned to the atmosphere?
A
B
C
D
simple sugars
carbon monoxide
methane
carbon dioxide
is not a pathway by which plants obtain

8 Which
atmospheric nitrogen?
A
B
C
D
chemical fertilizers
lightning
photosynthesis
symbiotic bacteria
A food web is represented in the diagram below.

9 What
does Letter X mostly likely represent?
hi
ck
ens
Rabbits
Snakes
Huma
ns
dense needles of Douglas fir trees can

4 The
prevent most light from reaching the forest
illustration above shows living and

6 The
nonliving factors that interact in a certain area.
A
B
C
D
Hawks
S he
A
B
C
D
ep
Wolves
autotrophs
decomposers
heterotrophs
parasites
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 2
Name
which type of ecological relationship do two

bk In
organisms benefit from living together?
A
B
C
D
Class
a sweet potato can provide energy for

bn Eating
human metabolic processes. What is the
original source of this energy?
A protein molecules stored in the potato
B starch molecules absorbed by the potato
C vitamins and minerals from the soil
D light energy transformed by photosynthesis
commensalism
competition
mutualism
parasitism
the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is continuously

bl In
recycled. Which types of organisms break
down nitrogen compounds in dead organisms
and recycle them into the soil?
A heterotrophs
B bacteria
C green plants
D herbivores
bm
Date
According to the energy pyramid below, which

organisms are the primary consumers?
Raccoons
Frogs
is released at each level of a pyramid of

bo What
energy?
A
B
C
D
animals
heat
decomposers
plants
an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of

bp In
certain chemical elements, such as carbon,
oxygen, and nitrogen?
A They move into and out of living systems.
B They are only found in abiotic factors.
C They move out of living systems and do not
return.
D They move into living systems and remain
there.
Mosquito larvae
Algae
A
B
C
D
algae
mosquito larvae
frogs
raccoons
CHAPTER 2
Chapter 3
Name
plants can inhabit a rocky area, soil

1 Before
must be present. A pioneer species must start
the process of soil formation for succession to
take place. Which would be a pioneer species in
a rocky area?
A insect
B lichen
C weed
D fern
The diagram below shows layering in a lake.

Why would you expect to find greater species
diversity in summer in layer A than in layer B?
A
B
A
B
C
D
Layer A is closer to shore.

Layer B is warmer than layer A.
Layer A has more autotrophs.
Layer B has too many autotrophs.
a community is disrupted by a large-scale

3 After
event, such as a forest fire, a new community is
established through which process.
A primary succession
B secondary succession
C soil formation
D climax succession
Within aquatic biomes, there are many

different environments where different types
of organisms thrive. In general, aquatic biomes
are divided into photic and aphotic zones.
Which determines whether a zone is photic or
aphotic?
A distance from land
B climate
C water depth
D latitude
Date
Class
biomes are classified based on the

5 Terrestrial
types of organisms that develop within them.
The organisms found in a particular biome
have which factor in common?
A biosphere
B ecosystem
C pioneer species
D climate and community
terrestrial biome houses the greatest
6 Which
biodiversity?
A
B
C
D
taiga
temperate forest
tropical rain forest
grassland
7 Which describes a community most accurately?

A a single life-form found in a biome
B a group of life-forms belonging to the same
species
C a nonliving component of an ecosystem

D different populations interacting within the
same biome
statement would you NOT use to
8 Which
describe succession?
A
B
C
D
It is gradual.
It is orderly.
It is predictable.
It is random.
many decades, certain areas in your state

9 For
have remained hardwood forests that are
mainly oak and hickory trees. Predict what
will most likely happen to these forested areas
in the next three decades.
A They will remain indefinitely and not be
affected by environmental influences.
B They will reach maturity and change in the
near future.
C They will be destroyed by environmental
changes.
D They will continue in their present forms
unless affected by environmental changes.
CHAPTER 3
Chapter 3
Name
first stage of succession of this forest was

bkThe
probably the development of
.
Date
Class
plants, what other factor distinguishes

bn Besides
one biome from another biome?
A
B
C
D
the number of plants in the biome

the variety of animal species
average temperatures and precipitation
geographic location
number of species in an area is a measure

bo The
of
.
A
B
C
D
bl
lichens
shrubs
mosses
trees
Permafrost is characteristic of which biome?

A tundra
B marine
C desert
D taiga
A
B
C
D
population
biodiversity
niche
autotrophs
to a natural forest, a farmers wheat

bp Compared
field lacks
.
A
B
C
D
heterotrophs
autotrophs
significant biodiversity
stored energy
What event is most likely to initiate primary

bm succession?
forest fire
heavy rain
logging
volcanic eruption
CHAPTER 3
A
B
C
D
Name
Date
new species of mouse is introduced into an

1 Aenvironment.
These mice reproduce and the
population grows. As the population grows,
food resources diminish and predation by
hawks increases. Eventually, the number of
mice in the environment levels off so that the
rate of birth equals the rate of death. What is
this nearly constant number of organisms
called?
A carrying capacity
B exponential growth
C linear growth
D competitive edge
plants in northeastern freshwater

4 Cattail
swamps are replacing loosestrife plants. The
two species have similar environmental
requirements. What does this illustrate?
A variations within a species
B dynamic equilibrium
C random recombination
D competition between species
type of growth is represented by the
5 What
J-shaped curve shown below?
2 Which limiting factor is density independent?

A
B
C
D
Class
Population Size
Chapter 4
disease
drought
competition
food supply
Time
graph below shows the estimated population

3 The
size of a certain species of lizard in a forested
Estimated lizard population
region over several years.

2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
A
B
C
D
sinusoidal
linear
exponential
random
in an ecosystem will most likely

6 Populations
remain stable if which is true?
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Year
These estimates are based on the number of

lizard sightings each year. Which recent event
in the forest might explain the trend evident in
the graph?
A Many trees were removed in 1994.
B The winter of 1996 was unusually warm.
C A new species of predatory bird was introduced
to the forest in 2000.
D The forest had a series of small fires in 2003.
A
B
C
D
They have more predators than prey.

They have a high level of biodiversity.
Biotic factors decrease.
Finite resources decrease.
are forest fires, temperature fluctuations,

7 What
and floods all examples of?
A
B
C
D
biotic, density-dependent factors

biotic, density-independent factors
abiotic, density-dependent factors
abiotic, density-independent factors
CHAPTER 4
Name
8 The phrase carrying capacity refers to
Date
A storing extra food for winter

B the number of organisms a habitat can
support
C transporting food to organisms in an area

D the maximum possible weight of an individual
organism
experiment is conducted in which animals
9 An
from the same species are introduced into an
environment. By accident, too many of the
animals are introduced, exceeding the carrying
capacity of the environment. Which is most
likely?
A The animal population will decrease.
B The animal population will increase.
C The animal population will experience
exponential growth.
D The animal population will experience linear
growth.
bk
bl
Which pair of organisms would most likely

compete for food?
A cow and chicken
B snake and hawk
C mushroom and shrub
D brown bear and salmon
What does the line graph below show?
Population Size
Population Growth of Species

in an Ecosystem
Carrying Capacity
Class
analyzing the age structure of a population,

bm In
you discover that an extraordinarily high
percentage of the population is younger than
the age of reproductive maturity. What type of
growth will the population probably
experience in the future?
A Growth rate will remain the same.
B slow, steady growth increase
C rapid growth
D negative growth
happens to a population at zero
bn What
population growth?
A
B
C
D
Birthrate equals the death rate.

Births outpace deaths.
Carrying capacity is exceeded.
Deaths outpace births.
of years ago, what factor kept the

bo Thousands
human population level below the
environments carrying capacity?
A technological advances
B better medicines
C zero population growth
D environmental conditions
are an example of an r-strategist
bp Mice
reproduction pattern because
A
B
C
D
.
they produce few individuals
the expend great energy raising young
they produce many offspring
they maintain populations near the carrying
capacity
Time
A The population increased at a constant rate.

B The population increased rapidly and then
leveled off.
C The population increased at an exponential rate.

D Ecosystems are able to support any number
of species.
CHAPTER 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Name
Class
are studying a chain of islands in the Pacific

1 You
Ocean. They are close together and have similar
wooded area has been divided by a housing

5 Adevelopment
and is threatening the
weather patterns but some are larger than others.

The largest island will probably offer
.
A the most biodiversity
B the least biodiversity
C the largest population of one organism
D one niche
biodiversity of the area. What term is used to

describe this threat from human activities?
A habitat fragmentation
B acid precipitation
C habitat augmentation
D global warming
is a species described when the number

2 How
of organisms of that species drops to a level so
low that extinction is possible?
A endangered
B exploited
C degraded
D fragmented
Date
Which best describes an effect of habitat

fragmentation?
A increased biodiversity
B decreased biodiversity
C no effect on biodiversity
D less water and land pollution
does the pyramid of biological

4 What
magnification shown below illustrate?
Fish-eating
birds 25ppm
Large fish 2ppm
Small fish 0.5 ppm
Plankton 0.04 ppm
Water 0.000003 ppm
A Higher trophic carnivores eat very little food.

B Toxic substances increase as trophic levels
increase in a food chain.
C Acid precipitation destroys underwater habitats.
D The process of eutrophication destroys
underwater habitats.
do many scientists consider the number

6 Which
one cause of extinction?
A
B
C
D
overexploitation
fragmentation
pollution
habitat loss
organizations are buying sections of

7 Some
forestland. Once purchased, forests within the
sections will not be cut down. What is the
primary goal of protecting these forest sections?
A bring about extinction on a controlled plan
B prevent overpopulation of trees
C maintain biodiversity of the area
D expand farmland
has been a cause of extinctions of
8 Which
populations on islands?
A Native species often move back and forth

between islands.
B Island populations easily develop resistance
to introduced diseases.
C Introduced species are usually kept in check
by predators on the islands.
D Introduced species have no natural predators.
beetles feed on destructive aphids but
9 Japanese
have no natural enemies in the United States.
In this instance, what does the importation of
organisms, where they have no natural
enemies, accomplish?
A use of abiotic factors to reduce pests
B selection of species to mate with each other
to produce a new variety
C human attempts to protect extinct species
D human attempts to disrupt existing ecosystems
CHAPTER 5
Name
bk What is hypothesized about extinction?
A All extinctions have been mass extinctions.

B Background extinctions are a normal part of
stable ecosystems.
C The current extinction rate is estimated to be

twice the normal rate.
D In the future, less extinction will occur near
the equator than elsewhere.
fenced, grass-covered bridge has been built
bl Aover
a highway that allows animals in one area
to move safely to the other area. What method
of wildlife conservation is being used?
A ecosystem bridge
B environmental pathway
C habitat corridor
D environmental passageway
town had several homeowners that would
bm Amow
their grass during the summer, collect the
clippings, and dispose of them in a landfill. The
town would like to start a more ecologicallysound method of grass clippings disposal.
Which suggestion makes the most ecological
sense?
A Leave clippings to decompose in the lawn
and enrich the lawn.
B Spray clippings in the lawn with imported
microbes that feed on grass.
C Burn the clippings and add the ashes to the
soil.
D Throw the clippings into the local river as
food for organisms that live there.
10
CHAPTER 5
Date
Class
(WTE) is a program that

bn Waste-to-Energy
sorts and burns organic waste material,
including garbage, to obtain energy. What
might be anticipated as an additional bonus
in communities utilizing WTE?
A increased numbers of parks
B increased air pollution
C increased recycling of garbage
D decreased amount of auto emissions
human activity has probably
bo Which
contributed most to the acidification of lakes
in forests?
A passing environmental protection laws
B establishing reforestation projects in lumber
areas
C burning fossil fuels that produce air pollution
D using pesticides for the control of insects that
feed on trees
variety of colors within a species, the
bp The
ability for members of a species to recover
from disease, or the ability of a species to find
new food sources are all examples of
.
A background extinction
B species diversity
C sustainable use
D genetic diversity
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Name
Date
1 Which does a polymer most closely resemble?

A
B
C
D
circle
link in a chain
chain
intersection
organisms store glucose in various

2 Different
forms. You discover a new species. Upon
chemical analysis, you find that it is comprised
of significant amounts of glycogen. To which
organism might this new species be related?
A fern
B potato
C dog
D bacteria
6 Which is true about enzymes?
A They act on nonspecific, randomly chosen

substrates.
B After a reaction, they cannot be reused.
C They can speed up metabolic processes in
the body.
D They cannot change shape.
type of compound is made up of atoms

7 What
held together by covalent bonds?
A
B
C
D
ion
molecule
isotope
element
8 What makes a water molecule polar?
3 Which is NOT true of lipids?

A
B
C
D
Class
They are commonly called fats and oils.

They are hydrophobic.
They are good for energy storage.
They are polar.
Hydrogen atoms
cannot take place during a chemical

4 Which
reaction?
A
B
C
D
Oxygen atom
formation of new atoms

bonds breaking between atoms
formation of new molecules
bonds forming between atoms
A Water has the ability to be frozen.

B The pH of pure water varies with the
student drew and labeled the graph below

5 Abased
on the results of an experiment. Why did
temperature.
C A water molecule has a slight charge on
each end.
D A water molecule is made up of three atoms.
the student include the labels activation energy

and energy released?
Chemical Reaction Diagram
Activation
energy
Energy
released
(Methane + O2)
(CO2 + H2O)
A to explain why carbon dioxide and water

react to form methane and oxygen
B to show that the reaction needed heat to occur
C to explain why the experiment gave off heat
D to explain why methane and oxygen react to
form carbon dioxide and water
CHAPTER 6
11
Name
Date
diagram below shows two amino acids.

9 The
What would biochemists call the result of
chaining many of these molecules together?
OH
OH
H2N
O
H2N
O
Glycine
Alanine
A
B
C
D
a carbohydrate
a lipid
a nucleic acid
a protein
substance labeled catalyst also is known by

what other name?
Simple sugar
+ Water
Simple sugar
+
Catalyst
Catalyst
A
B
C
D
recipe says to mix 100 g of sugar, a pinch of

bm ANaCl,
and 1 g vanilla flavoring in 113 g of
butter. Which ingredient is the solvent?
A sugar
B butter
C NaCl
D vanilla flavoring
the following equation, what are the products
bn In
of the reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
diagram below illustrates a biochemical

bk The
process that occurs in organisms. The
Sugar
Class
antibody
enzyme
ion
inorganic compound
You are analyzing a compound in a laboratory.

bl You
find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen,
A
B
C
D
C6H12O6 and 6O2

6O2 and 6CO2
C6H12O6 and 6H2O
6CO2 and 6H2O
suspect that a chemical that you are testing

bo You
in the lab is strongly acidic. What might be its pH?
A
B
C
D
2
7
11
14
class of macromolecules store and

bp Which
communicate genetic information?
A
B
C
D
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms

for each carbon atom. How will you classify the
compound?
A carbohydrate
B lipid
C protein
D nucleic acid
12
CHAPTER 6
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Name
1 Which structure is part of the cells skeleton?

A
B
C
D
Golgi apparatus
microfilaments
plasma membrane
mitochondria
Date
Class
letter in the diagram below indicates

5 Which
the structure that is most closely associated
with protein building?
A
environmental toxin is discovered that

2 An
interferes with certain cellular functions. When
affected cells are examined, it is observed that
proteins that are normally found on the plasma
membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm.
Other proteins are also located improperly.
Which structure is most likely affected by the
toxin?
A lysosomes
B mitochondria
C cell wall
D Golgi apparatus
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
6 How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized?

A one layer of phospholipids, through which
do many scientists think that prokaryotes

3 Why
are similar to the first organisms on Earth?
A
B
C
D
Prokaryote cells have a nucleus.

The first organisms were all plantlike.
Prokaryote cells have no nucleus.
They have membrane-bound organelles.
statement would not be included in a

4 Which
summary of the cell theory?
A The cell is the basic unit of organization.

B All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell
division.
C All organisms are made up of at least one

cell.
proteins freely move
B one layer of phospholipids, which are laid

out end-to-end, with a hydrophobic tail
touching a hydrophilic head
C two layers of phospholipids, each of which
has its hydrophilic side turned inward
D two layers of phospholipids, with their polar
hydrophilic heads facing away from each
other
7 In which structure would you find a nucleus?

A
B
C
D
bacterial cell
plant cell
prokaryote
virus
D All cells come from other, preexisting cells.

is the process of maintaining a
8 Homeostasis
cells environment. This includes the regulation
of sodium ion (Na+) concentration within the

cytoplasm. If too much Na+ is inside a cell, how
can the concentration be changed?
A More Na+ ions will enter the cell through the
plasma membrane.
B Excess Na+ ions will leave the cell via osmosis.
C Excess Na+ ions will be transported out
through membrane protein channels.
D More Na+ ions will be transported in
through membrane protein channels.
CHAPTER 7
13
Chapter 7
Name
Date
characteristic of the plasma membrane

9 What
is illustrated in this drawing?
Class
diagram below represents a cell in water.

bm The
Explain why more water is moving out of the
cell than into the cell.
Outside
the cell
Oxygen
Glucose
Wastes
Water
Plasma
membrane
Water
Wastes
Water
Inside
the cell
Carbon
dioxide
Water molecule
Solute
A
B
C
D
selective permeability
phospholipid bilayer
fluid mosaic construction
impermeability to water
A The concentration of solute in the cell is

higher than it is outside the cell.
B The concentration of water outside the cell is

too great.
C The concentration of solute outside the cell
a large amount of energy to maintain their

activity. What organelles provide this needed
energy?
A vacuoles
B ribosomes
C chloroplasts
D mitochondria
a laboratory exam, a student is asked to
bl On
determine if the cells under a microscope are
plant cells or animal cells. What might the
student look for?
A chloroplasts and a cell wall
B ribosomes and vacuoles
C a nucleus and ribosomes
D a cell membrane and mitochondria
is higher than it is inside the cell.

D The concentration of water inside the cell is
greater than it is outside the cell.
can the cytoskeleton of a cell be
bn How
described?
A
B
C
D
framework and anchor for organelles

selectively permeable series of membranes
semifluid material
transport system
movement of substances through a cell

bo Which
membrane against a concentration gradient
requires energy?
A osmosis
B diffusion
C active transport
D facilitated diffusion
cell organelle contains coded directions
bp Which
for production of proteins?
A
B
C
D
14
CHAPTER 7
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm

bk While
cells, a student concludes that these cells require
Chapter 8
Name
Date
process of photosynthesis converts which

1 The
type of energy to chemical energy?
A
B
C
D
Class
the experiment shown below, which process

5 In
occurring in the peas causes the drop of liquid
to move to the left?
heat
light
kinetic
potential
Drop of liquid
Rubber stopper
Oxygen
test tubes are filled with a solution of

2 Two
bromthymol blue. A student exhales through a
straw into each tube, and the bromthymol blue
turns yellow. An aquatic green plant is placed
in each tube, and the tubes are corked. One
tube is placed in the dark, and the other tube is
placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution
in the tube in sunlight turns blue, while the one
in the dark remains yellow. Which statement
best explains why the solution in the tube
placed in sunlight returns to a blue color?
A Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis.
B Oxygen was removed by respiration.
C Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis.
D Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration.
Use the illustration below to answer questions 3 and 4.
1
2
reaction takes place in the thykaloid

3 Which
discs (1) of the chloroplast?
A
B
C
D
carbon fixation
light-dependent reaction
light-independent reaction
Calvin cycle
reaction takes place in the stroma (2) of

4 Which
the chloroplast?
A
B
C
D
Water-soaked peas
Tube containing
KOH solution
(CO2 absorber)
A
B
C
D
cellular respiration
digestion
photosynthesis
protein synthesis
6 Which is a product of photosynthesis?

A
B
C
D
ATP
glucose
water
carbon dioxide
equation below represents a biological

7 The
process? Where is this process completed?
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
A mitochondria
B ribosomes
C cell membranes
D chloroplasts
is the primary pigment in plant
8 Chlorophyll
chloroplasts. It absorbs all wavelengths of light
EXCEPT
A green
B red
C yellow
D blue
carbon fixation
light-dependent reaction
light-independent reaction
photolysis
CHAPTER 8
15
Name
Date
diagram below represents part of the process

9 The
of cellular respiration. Energy is released and
made available for metabolic activities at
which step?
ATP
Step 1
P
Step 2
P
process releases the greatest amount of

bm Which
ATP?
A
B
C
D
alcoholic fermentation
cellular respiration
lactic-acid cycle
photosynthesis
is a compound that is synthesized when

bn ATP
which occurs?
A Chemical bonds between carbon atoms are
ADP
A
B
C
D
Step 1
Step 2
both Step 1 and Step 2
neither Step 1 nor Step 2
supplies the protons during the initial

bk What
process of in photosynthesis that drives ATP
synthesis?
A oxygen
B carbon dioxide
C water
D sunlight
formed in photosynthesis.
B Energy stored in chemical bonds is released
during cellular respiration.
C Energy stored in nitrogen is released forming
amino acids.
D Digestive enzymes break amino acids into
smaller parts.
the material cycle shown below, which
bo In
processes are represented by letters A and B?
Animals
step is the same in both forms of

bl Which
fermentation, as well as in cellular respiration?
H2O + O2 + C6H12O6
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Fermentation
Cellular
Respiration
glucose
glucose
glucose
glycolysis
(pyruvic acid)
glycolysis
(pyruvic acid)
glycolysis
(pyruvic acid)
lactic acid
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
2 ATP
alcohol
water
A
B
C
D
16
2 ATP
36 ATP
formation of carbon dioxide and alcohol

formation of carbon dioxide and water
breakdown of pyruvic acid
breakdown of glucose
CHAPTER 8
Class
A
B
C
D
A
CO2 + H2O
Plants
Aexcretion, Brespiration
Atranspiration, Bexcretion
Aphotosynthesis, Btranspiration
Arespiration, Bphotosynthesis
What change could a student measure to

bpcollect
data about the rate of photosynthesis in
a certain type of algae when it is exposed to
different colors of light?
A the temperature of the water surrounding
the algae
B the number of ribosomes in the green algae
cells
C the color of the algae
D the number of gas bubbles given off by the
algae
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Name
Use the diagram below to answer questions 1 and 2.
Date
Class
chromosome content of a skin cell that is

5 The
about to form two new skin cells is represented
in the diagram below. Which diagram represents
the chromosomes that would be found in the
two new skin cells?
1 What are the structures labeled A in the drawing?

A
B
C
D
chromatids
centrioles
spindle fibers
centromeres
and
and
and
and
stage of mitosis is shown in the drawing

2 What
above?
A
B
C
D
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
description best fits the activity of a cell

3 Which
during interphase?
A
B
C
D
The cell carries on metabolism.

The cell differentiates to have a new function.
The cell splits in two.
The cell splits in two but with half the normal
number of chromosomes.
carcinogens cause a failure in the

4 When
regulation of cell growth and development,
what condition might occur?
normal mitosis
uncontrolled cell growth in the form of cancer
cell plates form
apoptosis
A
B
C
D
a stage in the cell cycle, is important

6 Mitosis,
for what reason?
A
B
C
D
reduction of the cells chromosome number

removal of diseased cells
growth and repair of an organism
division of the cytoplasm
the actions of the cells chromosomes

7 Describe
during metaphase, a stage of mitosis.
A
B
C
D
They duplicate.
They move toward the poles of the cell.
They condense to become chromatin.
They line up in the middle of the cell.
CHAPTER 9
17
Name
Date
statement describes the number of

8 Which
chromosomes in a newly formed cell after
mitosis?
A They are double the number of the parent cell.
B They are half the number of the parent cell.
C They are equal to the number of the parent cell.
D They are double the number of two parent
cells.
which stage of the cell cycle does the
9 During
cell duplicate its DNA?
M
G2
A
B
C
D
G1
M stage
G1 stage
S stage
G2 stage
can reproduce by means of

bk Strawberries
runners, which are stems that grow
horizontally along the ground. At a point
where a runner touches the ground, a new
plant can develop. Why are the new plants
genetically identical to the parent plant?
A All new cells came from mutated parent cells.
B The nuclei traveled to the new plant through
the runner.
C Other strawberry plants in the area fertilized
the runner.
D The new plant was produced asexually.
Class
which phase of mitosis are sister

bm During
chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell?
A
B
C
D
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
timing and rate at which a cell divides is

bn The
coordinated by which complexes?
A
B
C
D
cyclin/CDK combinations
DNA replication
nuclear division
protein synthesis
what organism would you find cell division

bo In
being completed by cytokinesis, a process in
which a new plate forms between two daughter
nuclei?
A animal
B bacterium
C plant
D protist
is accompanied by the division of
bp Telophase
cytoplasm between two daughter cells. What is
this process called?
A prophase
B cytokinesis
C interphase
D synthesis phase
a cell with 36 chromosomes undergoes

bl Ifmitosis,
how many chromosomes will each
of the two new cells have?
A 36 chromosomes
B 2 chromosomes
C 18 chromosomes
D 9 chromosomes
18
CHAPTER 9
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Name
Date
Class
which phase of meiosis do homologous

are given a sample of unknown human
1 During
5 You
chromosomes align as tetrads in the middle of
cells to examine. Analysis of their nuclei
the spindle?
A prophase I
B prophase II
C metaphase I
D metaphase II
reveals that each cell contains 23 chromosomes.

What types of cells might these be?
A ova
B skin cells
C liver cells
D white blood cells
term is used to describe pairs of

2 What
chromosomes having DNA segments, or genes,
for the same traits?
A homologous
B analogous
C homozygous
D parallel
diagram represents the process of

6 Which
sperm formation in an organism that has a
diploid chromosome number of eight?
8
8
8
8
8
The diagram below represents the organization

of genetic information within a cell nucleus.
2
8
6
B
1
1
3
3
4
8
C
Genes
Nucleus
The circle labeled Z most likely represents

.
A amino acids
B chromosomes
C vacuoles
D nucleolus
tall allele, T, is dominant to the short
4 The
allele, t, in Mendels pea plants. You examine a
pea plant that exhibits the tall phenotype.
What is its genotype?
A Tt
B TT
C tt
D A and B are both possible.
4
4
4
4
which stage of sex cell formation does

7 During
the number of chromosomes decrease from
diploid (2n) to haploid (n)?
A prophase I
B anaphase I
C prophase II
D anaphase II
was concluded by Mendel as a result of
8 Which
his genetic research?
A Factors for different traits are inherited

together as a matched pair.
B Polyploidy can be beneficial in agriculture.
C Factors for different traits are inherited
independently of one another.
D Meiosis occurs in two steps, meiosis I and
meiosis II.
CHAPTER 10
19
Name
performing a monohybrid cross, it is

9 After
important to analyze the results with a
Punnett square. What does each box in a
Punnett square represent?
A possible phenotype
B possible genotype
C one individual
D two possible genotypes
description best identifies
bk Which
characteristics of asexual reproduction?
A one parent, union of gametes, offspring

similar to but not genetically identical to the
parent
B one parent, no union of gametes, offspring
genetically identical to the parent
C two parent, union of gametes, offspring similar
to but not genetically identical to parents
D two parents, no union of gametes, offspring
genetically identical to the parents
What process is taking place in the illustration
bl shown
below?
Date
Class
crosses the F1 generation of

bn Atworesearcher
snapdragon plants. According to this
information and the diagram below, what is
the ratio of their offspring (F2)?
A
B
C
D
RR
Rr
Rr
Genotype Phenotype
rr
RR
red
Rr
pink
rr
white
0 red; 4 pink; 0 white

are the possible gamete types that can be

bo What
produced from a parent who is YyRr? Meiosis
produces eggs and sperm that are alike.
A All YR
B All Yr
C YR, Tr, yR, and yr
D Half YR and half yr
to Mendels law of segregation, what
bp According
takes place during meiosis?
A Pairs of alleles cross over on chromosomes,

A
B
C
D
fertilization
prophase II
polyploidy
crossing over
statement best explains the significance

bm Which
of meiosis in helping to maintain continuation
exchanging one for the other.

B Pairs of alleles separate in meiosis, and each
gamete receives one allele of a pair.
C Part of an allele is separated, or broken off,
from its chromosome.
D One chromosome is suppressed, and the
other chromosome of the pair determines
the traits of the offspring.
of a species?
A Meiosis produces eggs and sperm that are alike.
B Meiosis provides for chromosomal variation
in the gametes produced by an organism.
C Equal numbers of eggs and sperm are
produced by meiosis.
D The gametes produced by meiosis ensure
the continuation of any particular species by
asexual reproduction.
20
CHAPTER 10
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Name
Date
and your colleagues are constructing a

1 You
pedigree for a boy with cystic fibrosis. The
individuals younger brother has also been
diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. How would
these brothers be represented in a pedigree?
A Both would be represented as completely
shaded circles.
B Both would be represented as completely
shaded squares.
C The older brother would be a shaded square,
while the younger brother would be a
half- shaded square.
D Both would be represented as unshaded squares.
Which disorder is treated by restricting milk in

the diet?
A phenylketonuria
B cystic fibrosis
C galactosemia
D Tay-Sachs disease
man carrying the allele for Huntingtons

3 Adisease
marries a woman who is homozygous
recessive for the allele. What is the probability
that their offspring will develop Huntingtons
disease?
A 25 percent
B 50 percent
C 75 percent
D 100 percent
diagram below illustrates fertilization
4 Which
that would lead to development of a normal
human female?
8
gene for brown eyes (B) is dominant over the

5 The
gene for blue eyes (b). Two brown-eyed people
have a blue-eyed child. Which genotypes make
this possible?
A The mother and father are both homozygous
brown eyed (BB).
B The mother is homozygous brown eyed (BB)
and the father is heterozygous brown-eyed (Bb).
C The mother is heterozygous brown-eyed (Bb),
and the father is homozygous brown-eyed (BB).
D The mother and the father are both heterozygous brown-eyed (Bb).
warm temperatures of summer, the
6 During
arctic fox produces enzymes that cause its fur
to become reddish brown. During the cold
temperatures of winter, these enzymes do not
function. As a result, the fox has a white coat
that blends into the snowy background. What
explains this change in color?
A The genes of a fox are made of unstable DNA.
B Mutations can be caused by temperature
extremes.
C Random alteration of DNA can occur on certain
chromosomes.
D The expression of certain genes is affected by
temperature.
does NOT play a role in determining an
7 Which
individuals sex?
A
B
C
D
gametes
chromosomes
meiosis
autosomes
89
"
!
88
Class
88
CHAPTER 11
21
Chapter 11
Name
Date
What can you conclude about the trait followed

8 in
the pedigree below?
Class
woman who is not colorblind is married to a

bm Aman
who is not colorblind. They have, however,
a son who is red-green colorblind. What is the
mothers genotype?
A XBXB
B XBXb
C XbXb
D XBX
generation.
B It is coded for a sex-linked gene.
C It affects only females.
D The trait shows polygenic inheritance.
individual has type AB blood. His father has
9 An
type A blood and his mother has type B blood.
What is the individuals phenotype an example of?
A simple recessive heredity
B simple dominant heredity
C incomplete dominance
D codominance
the blood cells in the picture below.
bk Study
Describe the genotype for the individual with
these types of cells.
traits, such as stem length in plants and

bn Many
skin color and height in humans, are controlled
by two or more genes. What is this called?
A simple dominant inheritance
B monogenic inheritance
C polygenic inheritance
D codominance
micrograph of matched pairs of human
bo Achromosomes
can be used to confirm the
overall condition of homologous chromosomes
in an individual. What is this diagnostic tool
called?
A karyotype
B telomere
C polygenic trait
D twin testing
controlled by genes on the X chromosome
bp Traits
are called sex-linked traits. In what individuals
Normal red
blood cell
A
B
C
D
Sickle cell
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
homozygous dominant
codominant
are recessive sex-linked traits more commonly

expressed?
A males because they have a Y chromosome
B females because they have two X chromosomes
C children who later outgrow conditions
brought on by the traits
D males because they have only one X
chromosome
syndrome is the result of an extra

bl Down
chromosome 21 in a gamete. What caused
this to happen?
A nondisjunction
B telomeres
C environment
D chromosome inactivation
22
CHAPTER 11
A It is incompletely dominant in every other
Name
Chapter 12
Date
1 A molecule of DNA is made up of

A
B
C
D
amino acids and proteins

ATP and enzymes
paired nucleotides
receptor enzymes
Class
5 What process is shown in the illustration below?
the structure of DNA were likened to a

2 Ifladder,
what would make up the supporting
structure (not the rungs) of the ladder?
amino acids and sugars
nucleotide bases, including thymine
nucleotide bases, including uracil
sugar-phosphate molecules
A
B
C
D
The diagram above shows a portion of a DNA

3 molecule.
The letters in the diagram represent
the four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine
(G), and cytosine (C). Which sequence of bases
do the question marks represent?
A C-A-C
B G-C-A
C G-A-C
D T-C-A
4 Which do DNA and RNA have in common?

Both are double stranded.
Both contain ribose molecules.
Both contain phosphate groups.
Both contain uracil.
making proteins?
A Information in DNA is formed into protein
directly.
B Information in RNA uses thermal energy to
make protein.
C Information in RNA mutates into DNA and
then is made into protein.
D Information in DNA is transferred into RNA
and then made into protein.
7 What occurs during frameshift mutation?
A Part of the chromosome breaks away, but

reattaches normally.
B Part of the chromosome breaks away, but

reattaches in inverse orientation.
C An extra chromosome is added, causing

mismatching of the chromosome pairs.
D There is a misreading of the base pairs
during translation.
causes the two sides of the double helix
8 What
of DNA to stay joined together?
A
B
C
D
commensalism
deletion
passive transport
replication
are chains of amino acids bonded

6 Proteins
together. Which is the correct sequence for
Use the illustration below to answer question 3.
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
joining of base pairs

joining of phosphate molecules
joining of sugar molecules
joining of RNA molecules
CHAPTER 12
23
Name
Chapter 12
Date
inheritable characteristics would least

9 New
likely result from
.
A
B
C
D
mutations that occur in muscle and skin cells

mutations that occur in male gametes
mutations that occur in female gametes
sorting and recombination of existing genes
during meiosis and fertilization
the illustration below, which molecules are

bn In
represented by boxes A and B? Give answer in
order of A, then B.
Hereditary Information
is stored in
Genes
is the complimentary mRNA sequence to

bk What
the DNA sequence A-T-T-G-C-A?
A
B
C
D
Class
are made of
T-A-A-C-G-T
U-A-A-C-G-T
U-A-A-C-G-U
T-A-A-G-C-U
A
can
is the role of the structure shown here

bl What
during protein synthesis?
AA
controls production of
Replicate
A
B
C
D
A-chromosomes, B-proteins
A-DNA, B-proteins
A-RNA, B-chromosomes
A-chromosomes, B-proteins
A DNA directs the production of enzymes.

B DNA is a structural component of the cell
A mRNA delivers codons from DNA in the
C DNA directly increases the solubility of
membranes.
nucleus
B mRNA attaches to the ribosome

C rRNA forms ribosomes
D tRNA transports amino acids from the
cytoplasm to the ribosome for translation
most organisms, the start of translation is
bm In
signaled by an AUG codon. What is the first
amino acid in most proteins?
A proline
B leucine
C isoleucine
D methionine
24
CHAPTER 12
nutrients.
D DNA is the major component of cytoplasm.

can the deletion of a single nitrogen base
bp Why
in DNA due to a mutation be harmful to an
organism?
A Deletion causes chromosomes to join the
wrong chromosome.
B Nearly every amino acid in the protein will
change after the deletion of a base.
C Deletion causes a gamete to have an extra
chromosome.
D Such a mutation causes one chromosome to
break off or become fragile.
is the presence of DNA important for the

bo Why
cellular metabolic activities?
Chapter 13
Name
order to determine the genotype of a particular

1 In
trait of an organism, researchers can perform a
test cross between the unknown organism and
an organism that is known to be
.
A homozygous dominant for the trait
B heterozygous for the trait
C homozygous recessive for the trait
D a clone
How can foreign pieces of DNA be transferred

into organisms?
A by restriction enzymes
B by vectors
C by carrier enzymes
D by test crosses
Date
process is a common practice that has

5 Which
been used by farmers for hundreds of years to
develop new varieties of plants and animals?
A cloning
B genetic engineering
C cutting DNA and removing segments
D selective breeding for desirable traits
diagram below shows some key steps of a
6 The
biotechnological procedure. What
development does the letter X most likely
represent?
Enzymes
+
Gene for
human
insulin
The model below represents the outcome from

a step used in the recombinant DNA process.
What is the step called?
Class
Cut
bacterial
DNA
Inserted into
bacterial cell
Cell
division
A
B
C
D
human cells able to resist antibiotics

human cells unable to synthesize antibodies
bacterial cells able to synthesize human insulin
bacterial cells unable to synthesize human
insulin
nucleus is removed from a body cell of one

7 The
organism and is placed in an egg cell that has
A
B
C
D
DNA sequencing
gel electrophoresis
cloning genes
splicing genes
Researchers inserted a gene for bioluminescence

4 into
a variety of organisms, such as mosquito
larvae. What is this technology called?
A gel electrophoresis
B polymerase chain reactions
C DNA sequencing
D genetic engineering
had its nucleus removed. This process results

in the production of organisms that are
genetically alike. What is this process called?
A fertilization
B adaptation
C cloning
D inbreeding
8 Restriction enzymes are used for what purpose?

A to maintain homeostasis
B to transfer DNA fragments to plasmids
C to cleave DNA strands at specific nucleotide
sequences
D to inhibit enzyme reactions in cells
CHAPTER 13
25
Chapter 13
Name
was encapsulated in a virus like the one

9 DNA
shown below and supplied to a patient for the
purpose of replacing a defective gene. What is
this treatment called?
Date
Class
DNA fragment has been cleaved by

bm Arestriction
enzymes, as shown in the model
below. After this occurs, each single strand is
left with what feature?
GATAT C
C TATAG
A
B
C
D
sticky ends
blunt ends
spliced genes
a complete genome
are the small circular, double-stranded

bn What
DNA molecules in bacteria that can be used as
gene therapy
pharmacogenomics
gene splicing
replication
variety of strawberry is resistant to a

bk One
damaging fungus but produces small fruit.
Another strawberry variety produces large
fruit but is not resistant to the fungus. How
might the desirable qualities of the two
varieties be combined?
A cloning
B asexual reproduction
C direct harvesting
D selective breeding
A woman has a gene that causes a visual disorder.
bl To
prevent the disorder from appearing in
future generations, where would the defective
gene have to be repaired?
A nervous system
B reproductive cells
C eye
D uterus
26
CHAPTER 13
vectors?
A clones
B plasmids
C chloroplasts
D transgenic organisms
can a polymerase chain reaction be
bo Why
compared to a biological copy machine?
A It makes a single, perfect copy of a DNA

sequence.
B It identifies a DNA sequence.

C It is used to make millions of copies of a specific
DNA molecule.
D It delivers gene therapy to all the cells of the

body.
is a sheep developed from an egg of her
bp Dolly
mother that had its nucleus replaced by a
nucleus from a body cell of her mother. What
resulted from using this technique?
A Dolly is no longer able to reproduce.
B Dolly is genetically identical to her mother.
C Dolly, or others like her, have a longer than
normal life span.
D Dolly is unable to mate.
A
B
C
D
Chapter 14
Name
Date
scientist is using radiometric dating to

1 Adetermine
the ages of four rock samples in
order to determine the ages of fossils found
near the rocks. The ratios below compare the
amount of parent isotopes to the amount of
daughter isotopes. Which rock sample is the
oldest?
Class
5 What did Francesco Redis experiments disprove?

A
B
C
D
law of superposition
Cambrian explosion of life
endosymbiont theory
theory of spontaneous generation
type of fossil forms when pore spaces of

6 What
the original hard parts of an animal are filled
Radiometric Dating
in by minerals?
Rock A
1:1
A
B
C
D
Rock B
1:4
Rock C
1:16
A The age of an isolated rock can be determined.

B Radiometric dating can be performed in the
field.
C Radiometric dating can be performed by
students.
D A Geiger counter can be used.
Organic
material
decays
Rock A
Rock B
Rock C
Rock D
is one advantage of radiometric dating

2 What
over relative dating?
of past life in the form of fossils is

3 Evidence
found in what form of rock?
A
B
C
D
Burial
Rock D
1:32
sedimentary
metamorphic
igneous
crushed metamorphic rock
a field trip, a scientist finds a fossil of a

4 On
snub-nosed crocodile and wants to know its
age. What would you do to date the fossil?
A Measure decay of radioactive isotopes in the
rock around the fossil.
B Count the annual rings of trees growing in
the area.
C Determine the age by comparing them to
fossils in other layers.
D Measure the depth at which the fossil is
found.
Mineral-rich
ground
water
seeps in
A
B
C
D
trace fossil
premineralized fossil
cast fossil
amber fossil
What provides an explanation for the presence

7 of
mitochondria and chloroplasts in presentday cells?
A biogenesis
B endosymbiosis
C spontaneous generation
D superposition
8 What is represented in the geologic time scale?

A fossil formation in sedimentary rock
B steps of endosymbiosis
C major geological and biological events in
Earths history
D current plant and animal groupings

characteristics do scientists hypothesize
9 What
about the first forms of life?
A They were prokaryotes that breathed oxygen.

B They were autotrophic and able to feed
themselves because they contained chlorophyll.
C They were prokaryotes linked with volcanic
environments.
D They were aerobic.
CHAPTER 14
27
Name
Date
How is the illustration below interpreted by

bk many
scientists?
Cyanobacteria
Aerobic Nucleus Eukaryote

prokaryotes
Mitochondria
Aerobic prokaryotes
became mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cyanobacteria became
chloroplasts
A Mitochondria and chloroplasts are parasites

in cells.
B Prokaryotes might have entered host cells as
prey or parasites.
C Eukaryotic cells evolved before prokaryotes.
D Mitochondria and chloroplasts look similar.
does the presence of iridium support the
bl Why
idea that a meteorite struck Earth, possibly
bringing about a mass extinction at the end
of the Mesozoic Era?
A Records of the period show a cloudy atmosphere
for months at a time.
B Iridium is rare on Earth but common in
meteorites.
C Rocks show a 100 percent increase in iridium
at that time.
D There was an increase in species.
Class
did Pasteurs experiment with sterile

bn What
broth show?
A Only living things can produce other living

things.
B Organic molecules could be produced from
gases.
C Meteorites brought the first organic molecules to
Earth.
D Organic reactions in deep-sea volcanic vents
preceded lifes emergence.
bo What is known about mass extinctions?

A
B
C
D
They are common.

They occur instantaneously.
They wipe out all organisms.
They occur every 26 to 30 million years.
of a seed fern were found on several

bp Fossils
different continents, each with a different
climate. What does this evidence support?
A spontaneous generation
B endosymbiosis
C continental drift
D theories about the development of Earths
atmosphere
Chapter 14
which time in geologic history is Earth

bm During
thought to have formed and life first appear?
A
B
C
D
28
Cenozoic Era
Jurassic Period
Cretaceous Period
Precambrian
CHAPTER 14
Chapter 15
Name
Date
Charles Darwin was developing his

1 When
theory of evolution, he considered variations
structures might be the result of

4 Homologous
a change in allele frequencies over successive
in a population important. However, he could

not explain how the variations occurred.
Which two processes could cause variations?
A symbiosis and metamorphosis
B commensalism and mutualism
C crossing over and mutations
D phagocytosis and pinocytosis
generations. Why have these structures probably

continued?
A They were beneficial in a particular
environment.
B They were predestined in a species.
C They made a particular organism more
attractive to a mate.
D They were neutral, not harmful, mutations.
fact that at least one species of resistant

2 The
bacteria has developed for almost every
antibiotic is evidence for which condition?
A The bacteria have adapted and could be
evolving into a different species.
B The bacteria have learned to mimic other
species.
C There is no variation in the bacteria population.
D The antibiotics are being made differently.
Why are the structures shown below considered
3 to
be homologous?
Class
what conditions might populations of a

5 Under
short type of sunflower be identified as a new
species?
A They are able to breed with sunflowers from
the original population.
B They are unable to breed with the sunflowers
of the original population.
C They appear as a new color.
D They produce twice as many blooms as the
original sunflower population.
proposed that genetic change causes
6 Who
species to change quickly and not gradually?
A
B
C
D
Whale
forelimb
Crocodile
forelimb
Bird wing
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace
Thomas Malthus
Stephen J. Gould
What unique characteristic would the beetles

7 shown
below develop through biological
adaptation if, over a period of years, the bark
on the trees shown became spotted?
A They belong to organisms that evolved from

separate ancestors.
B They are the result of geographic isolation.
C They belong to organisms that probably
evolved from a common ancestor.
D They are the result of sympatric speciation.
Bark of tree
A The beetles would become spotted.

B The beetles would become plain.
C About half the beetles would become spotted
and half would not.
D There would be no change.
CHAPTER 15
29
Name
to the theory of natural selection,

8 According
why are some individuals more likely than
others to survive and reproduce?
A They pass on to their offspring new characteristics they acquired during their lifetimes.
B They are better adapted to exist in their
environment than others.
C They do not pass on to their offspring new
characteristics they have acquired during
their lifetimes.
D They tend to produce fewer offspring than
do others in the same environment.
factor within a species increases the
9 What
likelihood that some members of a species will
survive when environmental conditions change?
A variation
B disjunction
C polyploidy
D migration
In order for evolution to occur, what must
bk happen
in a population?
A
B
C
D
genetic drift
geographic isolation
natural selection
reproductive isolation
is operating when unrelated species

bl What
living in different parts of the world, but with
Date
Class
on the table below, use the Hardybn Based

Weinberg equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 to
determine the frequency of the short (tt)
genotype in a population of pea plants.
Pea Plants (population: 100)

TT
36
A
B
C
D
Tt
48
tt
16
0.16
0.36
0.48
1.0
type of natural selection favors average

bo What
individuals in a population?
A
B
C
D
disruptive selections
bias
directional selection
stabilizing selection
can estimate more accurately at what

bp Scientists
point various groups of organisms diverged
evolutionarily from one another by using
which source of information?
A fossil record
B DNA evidence
C migration patterns
D genetic equilibrium
similar niches, evolve similar traits?

A convergent evolution
B genetic drift
C divergent evolution
D parallelism
Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to
bm The
determine the frequency of which alleles in a
population?
A recessive alleles
B hybrid alleles
C dominant alleles
D masked alleles
30
CHAPTER 15
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Name
Date
advantage does binocular vision provide

1 What
for primates?
A
B
C
D
does the figure labeled B below illustrate

5 What
when compared to the figure labeled A?
increased social skills

more variety in facial expressions
increased color perception
greater depth perception
are researching the anatomy of an unknown

2 You
primate. You are told that it is an early hominid.
Where would you expect to find the foramen
magnum?
A back of the skull because early hominids
walked on all fours
B bottom of the skull because early hominids
walked on all fours
C back of the skull because early hominids
walked upright
D bottom of the skull because early hominids
walked upright
Use the diagram below to answer question 3.
Humans share about 96 percent of their DNA
sequence with which group?

-ILLIONSOF9EARS!GO

(OMINOIDS
APESANDHUMANS

%ARLY
ANTHROPOIDS
/LD7ORLDPRIMATES

(UMANS
#HIMPANZEES
"ONOBOS
/RANGUTANS
"ABOONS
#APUCHINS
-URQUIS
3QUIRRELMONKEYS
New World primates

Old World monkeys
gorillas and orangutans
bonobos and chimpanzees
primates are characterized by what

4 Nocturnal
feature?
A
B
C
D
ability to see color

increased sense of smell
teeth for specialized diets
sharp black and white vision
A
B
C
D
advantages of a particular diet

bipedalism
specific place of origin
cultural development
characteristic in New World monkeys

6 What
functions like a fifth limb?
A
B
C
D
prehensile tails
opposable digits
flexible wrists
fingernails
'ORILLAS
-ACAQUES
.EW7ORLDPRIMATES
A
B
C
D
Class
did Homo erectus differ from modern

7 How
Homo sapiens?
A Homo erectus did not have an opposable

thumb.
B Homo sapiens are bipedal primates.

C Homo erectus had a lower jaw without a chin.
D Homo erectus had a lower jaw with a chin.
8 What is true about the primate fossil record?
A It is complete.
B It is not complete.
C It is seldom helpful in following evolutionary
paths.
D It is simple, rather than complex.
CHAPTER 16
31
Chapter 16
Name
Date
to the diagram below of the evolution

9 According
of genus Homo, which is the closest ancestor of
Homo sapiens?
(OMOSAPIENS
(OMONEANDERTHALENSIS
Class
factors threaten primate populations

bm What
around the world?
A
B
C
D
low birthrate
loss of tropical habitats
human predation
All are factors that threaten primate populations.
(OMOHEIDELBERGENSIS
hypothesis threatens primate populations

bn Which
around the world?
A
B
C
D
(OMOERECTUS
Homo erectus
Homo ergaster
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo habilis
does the multiregional evolution model

bk What
hypothesize for modern races of humans?
A They arose in isolated populations by convergent

evolution.
B They arose from one population by divergent
evolution.
C They arose from the New World primates.
D They arose from strepsirrhines.
has shown that Neandertals were a
bl What
distinct species from modern humans?
A
B
C
D
32
comparison of skull shapes

DNA evidence from fossil bones
position of the foramen magnum
use of tools
CHAPTER 16
A
B
C
D
Mitochondrial Eve hypothesis

Overlapping hypothesis
Out-of-Africa hypothesis
Mosaic Pattern hypothesis
habilis derived its name from which

bo Homo
characteristic?
A
B
C
D
use of stone tools

larger brain
flatter face
reduced jaw
of fossilized footprints found by Mary

bp Sets
Leaky provided evidence of which
characteristic?
A Australopithecines were bipedal and walked
upright.
B New World monkeys have prehensile tails.
C Cro-Magnons represented the beginning of
historic hunter-gatherer societies.
D Early modern humans could express themselves
artistically.
(OMOERGASTER
Name
Chapter 17
Date
examining samples of water and mud from

1 Upon
a nearby river, you come across an unidentified
organism. The organism is unicellular and
autotrophic. In addition, you can identify a
membrane-bound nucleus in the cells. To what
kingdom does it belong?
A Plantae
B Fungi
C Protista
D Eubacteria
Use the following illustration to answer questions
2 and 3.
Present
G
C
E
B
A
10 million
years ago
type of diagram is shown in the

2 What
illustration above?
A
B
C
D
dichotomous key
cladogram
DNA profile
pedigree
and J in the illustration are close together.

3 IWhat
does this indicate?
A
B
C
D
They share few derived characters.

They are closest to the common ancestor.
They share many derived characters.
They share the same derived characters as H
and K.
Class
system of assigning two names to identify

4 The
an organism is called binomial nomenclature.
What does the first name of an organism identify?
A family
B kingdom
C species
D genus
scientific name for the African elephant is
5 The
Loxodonta africana. What is the species name?
A
B
C
D
Loxodonta
africana
L. africana
Loxodonta sp.
provides evidence that three distinctly

6 What
different vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower,
and kale, share a recent common ancestor?
A They have cell walls.
B They produce strong aromas when cooked.
C They are about the same color.
D They have nearly identical chromosomes.
7 Which taxa is equivalent to a phylum?

A
B
C
D
domain
family
order
division
are eugelnoids classified with plantlike

8 Why
protists?
A They form pseudopods.

B They contain chloroplasts and undergo
photosynthesis.
C They have a nucleus surrounded by a

membrane.
D They have a flagellum.
CHAPTER 17
33
Chapter 17
Name
Date
model below allows scientists to compare

9 The
DNA sequences from two species to estimate
how long it has been since they diverged from
a common ancestor. What is the name of this
model?
!NCESTRAL
GENE
4IME
4WO
MUTATIONS
4IME
.EW
MUTATIONS
Class
is the system by which each species is

bm What
given a two-part scientific name?
A
B
C
D
phylogenetics
cladistics
taxonomy
binomial nomenclature
would be the least reliable evidence in

bn Which
determining whether or not two animals share
a taxonomic relationship?
A physical structures and appearance
B appearance of their chromosomes
C diet and nutrition
D DNA sequences
is a cluster of organisms distinct from
bo Which
other clusters that shows evidence of a pattern
A
B
C
D
bk
molecular clock
cladogram
pedigree
family tree
Members of which kingdom secrete enzymes

into their food and then absorb the digested
matter directly into their cells?
A Protista
B Fungi
C Plantae
D Animalia
of ancestry and descent?

A kingdom
B division
C phylum
D species
statement describes the thinking of
bp What
scientists before Darwin presented his theory
of evolution?
A All species that ever lived were still alive.
B All species were separate and unchanging.
C Species could be distinguished by their DNA.
D Species could be distinguished by their color
patterns.
scientists began to learn more about

bl As
geologic time, they incorporated their findings
into systems of classification. What is the
system that takes into account an organisms
evolutionary history?
A binomial nomenclature
B phylogeny
C taxonomy
D historical classification
34
CHAPTER 17
3PECIES
Chapter 18
Name
Date
is the outer coat of proteins called that

1 What
surrounds the core of a virus?
A
B
C
D
is characteristic of the object shown

2 What
below?
Spike
Genetic
material
Capsid
Envelope
A
B
C
D
It is classified by its nucleic acid.

It can replicate on its own.
It has organelles and makes proteins.
It is classified as a cell.
Use the following illustration to answer questions

3 and 4.
"
bacterial adaptations helps a bacterium

5 Which
avoid being engulfed by white blood cells?
A
B
C
D
capsule
envelope
membrane
capsid
Class
capsule
cell wall
pili
flagella
6 What does a virus need to replicate?

A
B
C
D
capsid, tail, and spikes

DNA only
set of prions
host cell
do humans benefit from the presence of a

7 How
certain strain of E. coli in their intestines?
A The E. coli makes Vitamin K.

B Humans provide oxygen for the bacteria to
live.
C The E. coli produces antibiotics in humans.
D Humans derive no benefit from any strain of
E. coli.
the process that is taking place in the
8 Identify
illustration below.
Cell
wall
Chromosome
Plasma
membrane
Cytoplasm
the bacterial cell shown above, what is the

3 In
structure labeled A?
A
B
C
D
ribosome
plasmid
chromosome
pili
do the structures labeled B help increase

4 How
the diversity of prokaryotes and contribute to
resistance to antibiotics?
A They help the bacterium move.
B They attach to other bacteria cells to
exchange genetic material.
C They help the cell attach to surfaces.
D They keep the cell from drying out.
A
B
C
D
endospore formation
conjugation
chemosynthesis
binary fission
CHAPTER 18
35
Chapter 18
Name
Date
pyogenes is the bacterium that

9 Streptococcus
causes strep throat. Based on its name, what is
the shape of the individual bacterial cells?
A round
B rod
C spiral
D polyhedral
such as HIV, use an enzyme to
bk Retroviruses,
convert their RNA into double-stranded DNA.
What is this enzyme?
A reverse polymerase
B DNA polymerase
C reverse transcriptase
D RNA synthetase
bl
event might induce a virus to enter a

bn Which
lytic cycle after being dormant for several
years?
A gaining weight
B taking vitamin supplements
C emotional stress
D regular sleep habits
viral disease was eliminated by a
bo What
worldwide vaccination program?
A
B
C
D
What is true about prions?

A They can be contracted much like a virus.
B They cause the brain to solidify.
C They are protein particles normally found in
cells.
D They are virus particles.
Class
smallpox
polio
influenza
genital herpes
bp Why are methanogens obligate anaerobes?
A They live in salty environments.

B They die in the presence of oxygen.
C They give off carbon dioxide as a waste
product.
D They carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll.
role do bacteria play in the illustration

bm Which
shown below?
The Nitrogen Cycle
Bacteria
A
B
C
D
36
cause disease
recycle nutrients
produce medicines
produce foods
CHAPTER 18
Chapter 19
Name
Date
of the following are all photosynthetic

1 Which
protists?
A
B
C
D
called?
A flagella
B pseudopods
C webs
D vacuoles
each cell.
B They have chloroplasts and store food as
carbohydrates.
C The reproduce by spores.
D They both have peptiglycan in their cell
walls.
6 Why are green algae similar to green plants?

A They can have more than one nucleus in
Use the following illustration of a paramecium to

answer questions 3 and 4.
"
What are the structures labeled A on the

3 paramecium?
contractile vacuoles
oral grooves
food vacuoles
cilia
is the function of structure B in the

4 What
paramecium?
A
B
C
D
is a mass of cytoplasm with many

5 What
diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes
called?
A thallus
B plasmodium
C pseudopodia
D algae colony
algae
protozoa
funguslike protists
unicellular protists
extend their plasma membranes to

2 Amoebas
feed and move. What are these extensions
A
B
C
D
Class
microscopic protozoans live in the guts

7 What
of termites and digest the cellulose in the
wood?
A microsporidia
B plasmodia
C sporozoites
D merozoites
have just returned from a subtropical
8 You
region. You have chills and fever, and suspect
that you might have contracted malaria. How
would you have gotten malaria?
A bite of a male Anopheles mosquito
B drinking contaminated water
C bite of a female reduviid bug
D bite of a female Anopheles mosquito
expels water to maintain homeostasis

discharges a pinelike structure
digests food
contains the cells genome
CHAPTER 19
37
Chapter 19
Name
Date
Class
are the zooflagellates that cause sleeping

9 How
sickness similar to the sporozoan that causes
funguslike protists have a phase where

bn Which
the nucleus divides but no internal cell walls
malaria?
A They are autotrophs.
B They each have two hosts in their life cycle.
C They feed on carbohydrates.
D They move by pseudopods at some point in
their life cycles.
form and, at one point, a spore produces a cell

with a flagellum?
A cellular slime mold
B water mold
C acellular slime mold
D downey mildew
groups of animal-like protists are

bk Which
parasites?
A
B
C
D
structure shown here stores food as oil

bo The
instead of carbohydrates. What is the organism?
amoebas
ciliates
algae
sporozoans
What do funguslike protists contain that true

bl fungi
do not contain?
nuclei
flagella
centrioles
cytoplasm
Four people who ate shellfish at a small

bm restaurant
come down with a life-threatening
illness. Which, most likely, is a cause of this
illness?
A toxins from dinoflagellates
B mosquito bites
C colonial algae
D diatomaceous earth
38
CHAPTER 19
A
B
C
D
dinoflagellate
amoeba
diatom
microsporidium
do foraminiferans and radiolarians have

bp What
that separates them from other amoebae?
A
B
C
D
multinucleate cells
cilia
test
two hosts in their life cycle
A
B
C
D
Chapter 20
Name
contrast to plant cells, the cell walls of fungi

1 In
are made up of which materials?
A
B
C
D
cellulose
chitin
lipids
proteins
Date
Class
left in the refrigerator has developed a

5 Food
coating of fuzz. Which hyphae spread across
surfaces?
A rhizoids
B haustoria
C stolons
D sporangiophores

2 Identify the overall structure shown above.

A
B
C
D
roots
vessels
fruiting bodies
hyphae
than one
might be noticeable in
3 More
each cell because many fungi have pores in the
septa.
A hyphae
B spores
C nuclei
D mycelia
In the woods, you find a fungus growing on a
4 dead
log. Which feeding relationship describes
an organism that feeds on dead organic matter?
A saprophytic
B mutualistic
C parasitic
D autotrophic
6 What is the structure above labeled A?

A
B
C
D
sporangium
gametangium
mycelium
fruiting body
is the branching, netlike mass in the

7 What
ground?
A
B
C
D
fruiting bodies
mycelium
conidiophores
lichen
8 What separates yeasts from other fungi?

A
B
C
D
Yeasts are heterotrophs.

Yeasts have cell walls.
Yeasts are animal-like fungi.
Yeasts are unicellular.
CHAPTER 20
39
Chapter 20
Name
are produced during the life cycles of

9 most fungi.
A
B
C
D
Use the following illustration to answer questions 10

and 11.
!
Class
which group of fungi has sexual reproduction

bm In
never been observed?
A
B
C
D
gametangia
spores
conidiphores
zygospores
"
Date
common molds
sac fungi
club fungi
imperfect fungi
structures form when Rhizopus stolonifer

bn Which
reproduces sexually?
A
B
C
D
ascospores
basidiospores
conidiophores
zygospores
bo How do yeasts reproduce asexually?

A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
lichen
mushroom
Birds Nest fungus
mycorrhizae
A produces food for itself and for

bl Organism
Organism B. Classify the relationship between
digging in your vegetable garden, you

bp While
find that the roots of the plants are covered with
a fungal network, but that the plants are healthy
and growing vigorously. What explains this?
A bioremediation
B mycorrhizae
C haustoria
D lichen
the two organisms.

A parasitic
B mutualistic
C commensalistic
D saprophytic
40
CHAPTER 20
bk Identify the structure shown above.
forming spores
budding
fragmentation
joining with lichens
Chapter 21
Name
characteristic is absent in nonvascular

1 Which
plants?
A
B
C
D
cuticle
alternation of generations
chlorophyll for photosynthesis
specialized transport tissues
seed plants grow in more habitats

2 Vascular
than non-seed and nonvascular plants. Which
factor might account for this phenomenon?
A Vascular seed plants grow taller and therefore
receive more sunlight.
B Vascular seed plants are not dependent on a
continuous film of water for fertilization.
C Vascular seed plants transport water more
quickly from their roots to their leaves.
D Vascular seed plants require more water than
nonvascular plants because they are larger.
Date
Class
Which division makes up more than 75 percent

5 of
the plant kingdom?
A
B
C
D
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta
Gnetophyta
Anthophyta
adaptation helps to prevent water loss

6 Which
in conifers?
A
B
C
D
cuticle coating on leaves

lack of stomata
presence of flowers
extensive rhizoid network
female cones, like the one shown below,

3 Woody
and male cones grow on the same tree. In
which division of seed plants would they be

found?
7 Identify the structure labeled A on the horsetail.

A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Anthophyta
Coniferophyta
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
large tree grows in your yard. How can it be

4 Adescribed?
A
B
C
D
strobilus
sorus
cotyledon
cone
What is produced by the structure labeled A in

8 the
illustration?
A
B
C
D
rhizoids
thallose leaves
spores
rhizomes
diploid gametophyte
haploid gametophyte
diploid sporophyte
haploid sporophyte
CHAPTER 21
41
Chapter 21
Name
is the single greatest limiting factor for

9 What
plants to survive on land?
A
B
C
D
Date
Class
sunlight
water resources
availability of oxygen
availability of nutrients
bk Which is made up of diploid cells?

gamete
gametophyte
spore
sporophyte
adaptation that helped plants survive on

bl One
land was the development of roots. What is the
function of most roots?
A disperse spores
B repel excess water and nutrients
C transport water to stems and leaves
D produce food
bm Why are fruit trees classified as perennials?
A Stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds grow in the

second year of the plants life.
B They are always eudicots.
C Plants live for several years and produce
flowers and seeds annually.
D The plant completes its life span in one
growing season.
42
CHAPTER 21
bn What is the structure labeled as A in the drawing?

A
B
C
D
fruit
cotyledon
sporophyte plant
gametophyte plant
bo Identify the structures labeled B in the drawing.

A
B
C
D
seeds
eggs
cotyledons
epiphytes
bp What structure anchors mosses to soil?

A
B
C
D
rhizoids
strobilus
prothallus
rhizomes
A
B
C
D
Chapter 22
Name
Date

"
#
$
Which statement is true about A in the

illustration?
A Photosynthesis takes place here.
B A waxy layer forms here.
C Water flows up through it.
D Water evaporates through it.
does most photosynthesis take place in

2 Where
a leaf?
A
B
C
D
at A
at B
at C
at D
3 What do you expect to find at meristems?

A
B
C
D
rapidly dividing cells

sclerenchyma cells
dead cells
stone cells
Class
5 What is characteristic of phloem cells?
A dead at maturity and used transport water

from the roots to the rest of the plant
B dead at maturity and used to transport sugar
throughout the plant
C alive at maturity and used to transport water
from the roots to the rest of the plant
D alive at maturity and used to transport
sugars throughout the plant
student conducted an experiment using the

6 Asetup
below. Overall, what was the plants
response an example of?
,IGHT
A
B
C
D
gravitropism
nastic response
phototropism
thigmotropism
takes place when water evaporates from

7 What
inside the leaf and water is pulled up the plant?
A
B
C
D
tropism
transpiration
secondary growth
photosynthesis
does the outside layer of roots and stems

4 What
develop from?
A
B
C
D
parenchyma cells
cork cambium
ground tissues
vascular cambium
CHAPTER 22
43
Chapter 22
Name
8 Describe the vein pattern on a maple leaf.
Date
Class
xylem forms an X shape in the center of

bm They
a(n)
.
A
B
C
D
eudicot stem
eudicot root
monocot stem
monocot root
is the water-carrying vasicular tissue

bn What
in plants that continuously carries minerals
A
B
C
D
simple
palmate
parallel
pinnate
can a grower do to produce plants that

9 What
are attractive and full of side branches?
A Pinch off the apical meristem to decrease the

amount of auxin.
B Pinch off the apical meristems to increase the

amount of auxin.
dissolved in water from the roots to the leaves?

A parenchyma
B phloem
C root hairs
D xylem
structure increases a roots surface area
bo What
allowing it to take in more water?
A
B
C
D
loose root cap cells

root hairs
sieve tube members
pericycle tissue
C Pinch off the intercalary meristems to
What can be counted to determine the age of a

bk tree?
A
B
C
D
the number of branches

the number of leaves
the number of roots
the number of annual rings
structure is responsible for the opening

bp Which
and closing of stomata?
A
B
C
D
stone cells
guard cells
companion cells
trichomes
What will a poinsettia grower accomplish by

bl providing
the crop with 12 to 15 hours of
darkness each day?
A longer time for photosynthesis
B colorful bracts
C fuller, more attractive plants
D decreased transpiration
44
CHAPTER 22
increase the amount of auxin.

D Pinch off the intercalary meristems to
decrease the amount of auxin.
Chapter 23
Name
Date
factor that controls photoperiodism in

1 The
flowering plants is
.
A
B
C
D
Class
uniting of a sperm and an egg to form a

5 The
zygote is called
.
A
B
C
D
hours of darkness
amount of fertilizer
air temperature
dormancy
the missing labels in the diagram

2 Identify
below.
pollination
fertilization
meiosis
germination
how the strawberry plant shown in

6 Describe
the figure below has reproduced.
1
Cell divisions
Cell divisions
Diploid cells
(2n)
Reproductive cells
develop
Male gamete
(sperm)
Female gamete
(egg)
Cell divisions
A
B
C
D
Cell divisions
asexually by fragmentation
sexually by egg and sperm
asexually by horizontal stems
sexually by fragmentation
Mature gametophyte
plants, fertilization takes place

7 In flowering
.
A 1-meiosis forms spores; 2-zygote forms;

3-diploid; 4-sporophyte
B 1-sporophyte; 2-meiosis forms spores;
3-haploid; 4-zygote forms
C 1-sporophyte; 2-meiosis forms spores;
3-diploid; 4-zygote forms
D 1-zygote forms; 2-sporophyte; 3-diploid;
4-meiosis forms spores
A
B
C
D
plants with strong scents are usually

8 Flowering
pollinated by
.
During the life cycle of a moss, where does

fertilization of the haploid egg take place?
A in the female gametophyte archegonium
B in the male gametophyte antheridium
C in the female gametophyte capsule
D in the gametophyte prothallus
4 A characteristic of anthophytes is the

A
B
C
D
production of cones
production of prothallus
production of gemmae
production of flowers
when pollen lands on the sticky stigma

when pollen lands on the anther
when a zygote forms
when a stamen touches a pistil
A
B
C
D
animals
wind
self-pollination
cross-pollination
9 A spore or microspore is a
A
B
C
D
.
diploid cell produced by a sporophyte
diploid cell produced by a gametophyte
haploid cell produced by a gametophyte
haploid cell produced by a sporophyte
CHAPTER 23
45
Name
Once a seed forms from an ovule, a developing

bk monocot
plant get its nourishment from
before green leaves appear?
A fruit
B endosperm
C cotyledon
D ovary walls
Use the diagram to answer questions 11 and 12.
A
B
bl
Name and describe the importance of the

structure labeled A.
A pistil; where pollination occurs
B anther; where pollen grains form
C pistil; where fertilization takes place
D anther; where ovaries are found
Date
Class
is true of alternation of generations in

bn What
the plant kingdom?
A Gametophytes become larger as plants

become more complex.
B Sporophytes become less important as plants
C Gametophytes become smaller as plants
D Sporophytes are more obvious in smaller
plants.
bo Why are conifers heterosporous?

A
B
C
D
They produce two cones on a tree.

They produce megaspores.
They produce two types of spores.
They produce two zygotes that develop into
male and female cones.
flower that has four sepals, four petals, and a

bp Apistil
is a(n)
.
A
B
C
D
complete, imperfect monocot

incomplete, perfect dicot
complete, perfect eudicot
incomplete, imperfect eudicot
Chapter 23
bm What is produced on structure B?

A
B
C
D
46
eggs
pollen grains
two pollen tubes
endosperm
CHAPTER 23
Chapter 24
Name
Date
1 Sponges are not plants because

A
B
C
D
they are multicellular

they develop mesoderm
they are sessile
they have no cell walls
pseudocoelom is partly lined with tissue

5 Aderived
from the
.
A
B
C
D
unidentified organism is found

2 Ainpreviously
a tropical rain forest. It exhibits bilateral
symmetry, heterotrophism, and has an
exoskeleton. Would you classify this organism
as a vertebrate?
A Yes. Bilateral symmetry and heterotrophism
are unique to vertebrates.
B Yes. Only vertebrates are found in tropical
rain forests.
C No. Exoskeletons are not found in vertebrates.
D No. Vertebrates have radial symmetry.
Use the illustration to answer questions 3 and 4.
mesoderm
endoderm
ectoderm
coelom
would you expect to be more complex

6 Which
animalscoelomates or acoelomates?
A acoelomates, because they have less wasted

space in their body structure
B acoelomates, because they have more
mesodermal tissue
C coelomates, because they store more
nutrient-rich fluid in their bodies
D coelomates, because they have protected
space for specialized organs in their bodies
Use the illustration to answer questions 7 and 8.
"
Which describes the body structure of

Organism A?
A asymmetry
B bilateral symmetry
C radial symmetry
D anterior symmetry
4 What is the surface labeled X in Animal B?

A
B
C
D
Class
anterior
dorsal
posterior
ventral
7 Identify the structure shown above.

A
B
C
D
blastula
gastrula
invertebrate
zygote
is the layer labeled A in the structure

8 What
above, and what are some systems that develop
from it?
A ectoderm; nervous system and skin
B mesoderm; muscle system
C mesoderm; respiratory system
D endoderm; digestive system
CHAPTER 24
47
Chapter 24
Name
Date
the beach you are stung by a jellyfish. In the

9 At
diagram below, what is the structure labeled A
on the cnidarian tentacle that holds a tube that
contains poison?
!
Class
observe the formation of an embryo of an

bm You
unknown species under the microscope. The
first body opening develops into a mouth in
the gastrula. What does this signify?
A The animal is a deuterostome.
B The animal is a protostome.
C The animal will be an acoelomate.
D The animal will have a pseudocoelom.
nervous system is called a nerve
bn Anet.cnidarian
When touched, a cnidarian responds by
bk
cnidocyte
collar cell
nematocyst
trigger
In jellyfishes, the medusa is the sexually

reproducing phase because it
.
A produces cnidocytes
B reproduces by mitosis
C produces eggs and sperm
D produces polyps
body plan shown in the structure below is

bl The
a(n)
.
&LUID FILLEDCAVITY
A
B
C
D
48
do sponge embryos lack because they

bo Which
do not develop an endoderm or a mesoderm?
A
B
C
D
epithelial-like cells
tissues
filter-feeding mechanisms
support structure
bp When fertilization occurs externally,

A
B
C
D
a zygote forms
budding takes place
parthenogenesis takes place
segmentation takes place
coelomate body plan

pseudocoelomate body plan
acoelomate body plan
eukaryotic body plan
CHAPTER 24
A
B
C
D
contracting its body. Is this response regulated

by the cnidarians brain?
A Yes. All nerve impulses are transmitted
through the brain.
B Yes. The brain controls the nerve net
C No. The cnidarians brain is not involved in
reflexive actions.
D No. Cnidarians do not have brains.
Chapter 25
Name
Date
Class
method of asexual reproduction is the

4 Which
planarian in this figure undergoing?
1 What is the structure labeled A?

A
B
C
D
pharynx
ganglion
flame cell
mantle
How does the structure labeled A function in a

2 planarian?
A Dissolved oxygen and nutrients are swept

into the body by diffusion.
B Cilia sweep water into excretory tubules.
C Cilia sweep water out of the body.
D Carbon dioxide is excreted by them through
the mouth.
comparing roundworms and flatworms,
3 When
which is true?
A Flatworms have no blood; roundworms do.

B Flatworms have a dorsal foot; roundworms
do not.
C Flatworms have one body opening;
roundworms have two.
D Flatworms have no nervous system;
roundworms have a nervous system.
A
B
C
D
binary fission
budding
regeneration
spore formation
are a coroner examining human remains.

5 You
You detect a parasite. On closer examination,
you determine that the parasite has bilateral
symmetry and a pseudocoelom. You determine
that the parasite is a
.
A cnidarian
B planarian
C tapeworm
D roundworm
fish tank has a growth of green algae on
6 Your
the inside. You put a snail in the tank and a few
days later notice that the tank is clean. The
snail helped clean the tank by using its
A radula
B shell
C muscular foot
D siphon
CHAPTER 25
49
Chapter 25
Name
group does the mollusk shown below

7 What
belong?
Date
Class
is the main characteristic that separates

bm What
annelids from other worms?
A
B
C
D
regeneration
gills
nephridia
segmentation
to the cladogram shown below to

bn Refer
determine which characteristic developed
A
B
C
D
Gastropod; It has a hinged shell.

Bivalve; It has two shells.
Cephalopod; It has no external shell.
Cestoda; It is a parasite.
most mollusks, what is the site of gas

8 In
exchange with the external environment?
A
B
C
D
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Posterior
body sucker
Parapodia
Clitellum
mouth
nephridia
siphon
gills
Ancestral annelid
Annelid Cladogram
The membrane that secretes a shell in some

mollusks is the
.
A radula
B mantle
C muscular foot
D skin
is oxygen delivered to tissues and carbon

bk How
dioxide removed from tissues in a mollusk
with an open circulatory system?
A The tissues are bathed in water.
B They are delivered in blood vessels.
C They get their oxygen through gills.
D The tissues are bathed in blood.
What do segmented worms use to help them
bl move
through soil?
A
B
C
D
50
Polychaeta
gizzard
setae
radula
nephridia
CHAPTER 25
A
B
C
D
parapodia on polychaetes
oligochaetes
clitellum on oligochaetes
posterior body sucker
are often used by farmers to

bo Earthworms
aerate soil. Which, produced by earthworms,
fertilizes soil?
A excrement or castings
B setae
C parapodia
D clitella
have hydrostatic skeletons and move
bp in a thrashing
manner.
A
B
C
D
Flatworms
Roundworms
Mollusks
Annelids
most recently.
Chapter 26
Name
Date
feature is characteristic of arthropods

1 Which
and relates them to annelids?
A
B
C
D
structure in arthropods is similar in

5 What
function to nephridia in mollusks and flame
cells in planaria?
A mandibles
B Malpighian tubules
C antennae
D eyes
jointed appendages
an endoskeleton
segmentation
vertebrae
of an arthropod is made up of
2 The exoskeleton
.
A
B
C
D
Class
cellulose
bone
chitin
muscle
the mouthpart of the insect in the

6 Observe
illustration below and determine how it would
feed.
3 Identify the structure labeled A in the drawing.

A
B
C
D
gill
book lung
Malpighian tubule
spiracle
is the function of the system shown in

4 What
the illustration above?
A
B
C
D
It delivers oxygen to body cells.

It detects pheremones.
It removes wastes.
It removes carbon dioxide from body cells.
A
B
C
D
cut plant tissues

siphon nectar
sponge up food
pierce skin and suck liquids
Which group of arthropods has remained

7 largely
unchanged since the Triassic Period?
A
B
C
D
beetles
spiders
crustaceans
horseshoe crabs
is the purpose of the waggle dance in

8 What
certain bees?
A
B
C
D
to locate food
to locate mates
to locate the Sun
to locate a nest
CHAPTER 26
51
Chapter 26
Name
During which stage does the animal change into

9 an
adult form during complete metamorphosis?
Date
Class
the cladogram below to determine

bm Study
which animal represents the most recently
evolved group of arthropods?
Arachnids
Crustaceans
Insects
Trilobites
(extinct)
Ancestral Arthropod
A
B
C
D
larva
nauplius
nymph
pupa
is reduced when adult butterflies feed on

bk What
food different from that used by the
developing larvae?
A competition
B number of offspring
C predation
D length of time for development
stage resembles the adult during
bl Which
incomplete metamorphosis?
A
B
C
D
52
larva
nauplius
nymph
pupa
CHAPTER 26
behavior do some spiders engage in to

bn What
catch food?
A
B
C
D
They suck blood.

They construct webs.
They molt five to ten times.
They communicate in a waggle dance.
the summer, you find a perfectly

bo During
formed, empty insect exoskeleton stuck to the
bark of a tree. What happened?
A molting
B dehydration
C shedding
D parthenogenesis
pairs of arachnid appendages is located
bp Which
most anterior on its body?
A
B
C
D
chelipeds
pedipalps
chelicerae
spinnerets
A
B
C
D
tick
spider
lobster
honeybee
Chapter 27
Name
are the first animals in evolutionary

1 Echinoderms
history to have
.
A
B
C
D
a protostome mouth
an endoskeleton
pheromones
spiracles
echinoderms have radial symmetry as

2 All
adults and
as larvae.
A
B
C
D
bilateral symmetry
asymmetry
radial symmetry
pentagonal symmetry
Use the diagram below to answer questions 3, 4, and 5.
Date
Class
Which identifies the structure labeled B

4 through
which water is pulled into the watervascular system?
A ampulla
B tube feet
C madreporite
D eyespots
5 At which position are eyespots located?

A
B
C
D
at A
at B
at C
at D
role of echinoderms is classified as

6 The feeding
.
A
B
C
D
predator
prey
parasite
commensalism
"
characteristic indicates that some

7 Which
echinoderms are sessile?
A
B
C
D
grazing sand for food

short arms with active tube feet
a leathery outer body with muscles
long arms that trap food
What characteristic (labeled A) of the water

3 vascular
system helps a sea star to move and
get food?
A ring canal
B tube feet
C madreporite
D pedicellaria
a tide pool, you find a sea star with four regular

8 In
length arms and one very short arm. What is
probably happening?
A regeneration
B sexual reproduction
C test development
D gastrula development
CHAPTER 27
53
Name
Date

Dorsal tubular
nerve cord
Muscle blocks
Mouth
Anus
Pharyngeal
pouches
Ancestral
thyroid gland
Postanal
tail
What feature in the diagram above is eventually

9 replaced
by bone or cartilage in a vertebrate?
A
B
C
D
dorsal tubular nerve cord

notochord
pharyngeal pouches
postanal tail
feature in the diagram above eventually

bk Which
became gills for gas exchange in water?
A
B
C
D

notochord
pharyngeal pouches
postanal tail
chordates have all of the

bl Invertebrate
characteristics of vertebrate chordates except
for
A
B
C
D
54
.
a postanal tail
a backbone
a notochord
pharyngeal pouches
CHAPTER 27
bm How does a lancelet obtain food?

A
B
C
D
Notochord
Class
It swims after its food.

It filter feeds while buried in sand.
It spreads enzymes over the food.
It scrapes food from its gills.
enables an invertebrate chordate to make

bn What
side-to-side movements of the body and tail?
A
B
C
D
a flexible notochord
muscle blocks
an anterior brain
the postanal tail
chordate feature is the only one

bo Which
remaining in adult tunicates?
A
B
C
D
notochord
gill slits
postanal tail
the vertebrate body, what is needed for

bp In
production of thyroid hormone?
A
B
C
D
oxygen
saltwater
iodine
nitrogen
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Name
Date
embryonic development, what replaces

1 During
the notochord in vertebrates?
A
B
C
D
Use the diagram below to answer question 2 and 3.

Dorsal fins
Pectoral fin
Pelvic fins
what part of the body is the caudal fin

2 On
located?
A
B
C
D
anterior
posterior
dorsal
ventral
What feature of many fins reduces the chance

of fishes rolling to the side?
A dorso-ventral arrangements
B posterior location
C paired fins
D balanced distribution over the body
They are endothermic.

They breathe through their skin.
They have a three-chambered heart.
They are ectothermic.
couldnt amphibians use gills to breathe

6 Why
once they started walking on land?
A
B
C
D
Caudal fin
Anal fin
feature of amphibians probably prevents

5 What
them from inhabiting colder climates?
A
B
C
D
the dorsal nerve cord

cartilage
the vertebral column
the neural crest
Class
There isnt enough oxygen in the air.

Air temperature fluctuates too much.
Gills need to be moist for gas exchange.
There is too much oxygen in the air.
enables a fish to remove up to 85 percent

7 What
of the dissolved oxygen from water?
A The fish mouth stays open.

B Blood in the gills flows opposite to the flow
of water over the gills.
C Blood flows in the same direction as water

flows over the gills.
D The fish has lungs.
development of what feature enabled fish
8 The
to begin to feed on larger, more active prey?
A
B
C
D
slime glands in the skin

paired fins
jaws
scales
are fishing, and notice that every time you

4 You
drop your line into the water, the fish move
down. What is this adaptation?
A depth perception system
B swim bladders
C motion sensor
D lateral line system
CHAPTER 28
55
Chapter 28
Name
Identify the adaptation for land, labeled A, in

9 the
drawing.
A
Date
Class
do many fish eggs and juvenile fishes

bm Why
become prey for other animals?
A Most fertilization and development of fish is

internal.
B Most fertilization and development of fish is
external.
C Fish lay very few eggs.
D Most fertilized fish eggs are guarded through
development.
would you distinguish a newt from a
bn How
salamander?
cloaca
gill
nictitating membrane
tympanic membrane
are comparing toads and frogs. What is

bk You
characteristic of toads but not of frogs?
A
B
C
D
Toads have moist, smooth skin.

Toads have more powerful legs.
Toads need water for reproduction.
Toads have poison glands.
the figure below, what will have to change in

bl In
this stage of development for the organism to
become a frog and live on land?
A
B
C
D
Compare their body shapes.

Compare where they lay eggs.
Compare their habitats.
Compare their skin.
is a major limiting factor that affects all

bo What
fish populations?
A
B
C
D
habitat alteration
hagfish and lampreys
lack of water
dams
have exotic species affected amphibian

bp How
populations?
A They have increased the variety of amphibian

species.
B They have competed with amphibians for

food and habitat.
C They have drained wetland habitats.

D They have caused increased UV light exposure.
A
B
C
D
56
Lungs will have to replace gills.

Gills have to develop.
It will need a tail for balance on land.
The heart will change from three to four
chambers.
CHAPTER 28
A
B
C
D
Chapter 29
Name
Date
was the shelled amniotic egg an

1 Why
important advance for reptiles?
adaptation keeps reptiles from losing

5 What
internal fluids?
A It enabled them to lay protected eggs in

water.
B It enabled them to lay more eggs.
C It meant they were not dependent on water
to lay eggs.
D It meant that they could lay eggs and ignore
them.
Amnion
Class
Embryo
Leathery
shell
A
B
C
D
dry, scaly skin

kidneys that filter blood
skin that grows with the animal
the ability to control body temperature
do crocodiles and alligators have in

6 What
common with birds and mammals but not
with other reptiles?
A a four-chambered heart
B ability to control body temperature
C amniotic egg
D Jacobsons organ
are hypothesized to have separated
7 Amniotes
into three groups based on
.
A
B
C
D
Chorion
Yolk sac
Allantois
in the diagram contains nutrients for the

2 What
embryo?
A
B
C
D
allantois
amnion
chorion
yolk sac
membrane allows oxygen to enter while

3 Which
keeping fluids in the egg?
A
B
C
D
body scales
skull structure
molting abilities
hip structure
allantois
amnion
chorion
yolk sac
do birds have that distinguishes them

8 What
from other organisms?
A
B
C
D
four-chambered heart
wings
amniotic eggs
feathers
feathers, and which adaptation

9 Endothermy,
equip a bird for flight?
A
B
C
D
solid bone structure

maintaining a low body temperature
light-weight bone structure
urinary bladder
animal would depend on the surrounding

4 Which
environment to regulate its body temperature?
A
B
C
D
cardinal
gerbil
lizard
house cat
CHAPTER 29
57
Chapter 29
Name
Date
Use the diagram below to answer question 10.

A
D
Class
that have feet with two toes forward and

bn Birds
two toes backward to cling to tree trunks are
members of which order?
A Passiformes (perching song birds)
B Ciconiiformes (wading birds)
C Piciformes (cavity nesters)
D Anseriformes (waterfowl)
B
C
direction does oxygenated air move

bk Which
when a bird exhales.
A
B
C
D
from A to B
from A to C
from C to A
from B to A
a birds digestive tract, what performs

bl In
mechanical digestion?
A
B
C
D
teeth in its bills

rough surfaces in the crop
stones in the gizzard
scales in the small intestine
which structure do both reptiles and birds

bo In
reabsorb water from uric acid?
A
B
C
D
the crop
cloaca
small intestine
kidney
bp Downy feathers on birds have which function?

A
B
C
D
insulation
flight
waterproofing
to preen contour feathers
with eyes on the front of its head, such

bm Aasbird
the one shown below, will probably have
which life habit?
A
B
C
D
58
live in an aquatic habitat and dabble for food

be flightless
perch on small branches and eat seeds
be a bird of prey
CHAPTER 29
Chapter 30
Name
Date
characteristics are key for distinguishing

1 What
a mammal from other animals?
A
B
C
D
They have a low metabolic rate.

They regulate body heat internally.
They are ectotherms.
Hair is a sensory device.
3 The hair of a mammal is made of

A
B
C
D
cellulose
keratin
chitin
chlorophyll
Air movement
Chest cavity
Lung
Diaphragm
insects
bacteria
plants
herbivores
7 Which is the only egg-laying mammal?

A
B
C
D
maintain a high intake of oxygen?
lungs
kidneys
diaphragm
cecum
would an animal with a long digestive

6 Which
system and a large cecum probably feed on?
A
B
C
D
Which structure, modeled in the diagram below

4 and
found only in mammals, helps them to
A
B
C
D
what circumstances would blood vessels

5 Under
near the surface dilate and deliver more blood
than usual?
A when body temperature increases
B when the body is losing heat
C when there is too little oxygen in the blood
D when blood vessels contract
location of eyes and hair

teeth and having a diaphragm
kidneys and having a diaphragm
hair and mammary glands
are mammals able to live throughout the

2 Why
world in a variety of ecosystems?
A
B
C
D
Class
monotremes
marsupials
placental animals
manatees
animal that explores an area, finds sources

8 An
of food, and returns later to feed, exhibits
which complex behavior?
hording
learning and remembering
good eyesight
acute hearing
A
B
C
D
type of mammal develops for a short

9 Which
period in the uterus, followed by extended
development in the mothers pouch?
A placental animal
B monotreme
C marsupial
D nocturnal primate
CHAPTER 30
59
Name
Date
monotremes
marsupials
placental mammals
statement best supplies information to

bk Which
complete the diagram below?
is a characteristic of bats, which belong

bn What
to Order Chiroptera?
A
B
C
D
They are all gnawing mammals.

They are all carnivorous.
They are all bats.
Their hind limbs are modified as wings.
might have been responsible for the

bo What
expansion of mammalian diversity in the
Therapsids
A Adults give birth to live young.

B Adults lay eggs.
C Offspring live in the mothers pouch after
birth.
D Offspring receive milk from the mother.
structure provides food and oxygen and
bl Which
removes wastes from developing young?
A
B
C
D
Class
uterus
placenta
diaphragm
mammary glands
Cenozoic Era?
A Flowering plants increased and new niches
and habitats formed.
B Water became increasingly available.
C Dinosaurs became less competitive.
D Flowering plants decreased in variety.
do deer, cattle, and hippopotamuses have
bp What
in common that places them in Order
Artiodactyla?
A They have one or three toes on each hoof.
B They have horns or antlers.
C They have two or four toes on each hoof.
D They are carnivores.
Chapter 30
order of placental animals has the most

bm Which
developed brain of all mammals?
A
B
C
D
60
Insectivora
Carnivora
Proboscidea
Primates
CHAPTER 30
Name
in temperature, duration of daylight,

1 Changes
and the presence of a predator are examples of
A
B
C
D
.
behavior
reflexes
stimuli
instinct
animal that forms a social attachment to its

2 An
mother shortly after birth demonstrates which
learned behavior?
A operant conditioning
B habituation
C imprinting
D classical conditioning
What kind of behavior is demonstrated in the

illustration below?
Date
Class
year chipping sparrows are at feeders in

5 Every
yards from April to October. They are not there
during the winter months. What probable
behavior does this reflect?
A foraging
B nurturing
C migrating
D competing
the graph below, when does human body
6 In
temperature decrease significantly?
Circadian Pattern of
Body Temperatures
Body
temperature
Chapter 31
Human
101
100
99
0
12
16
20
24
Hour of the day
A
B
C
D
between hours 20 and 4

happens because pheromones are species

7 What
specific?
A
B
C
D
territorial behavior
dominance hierarchy behavior
courting behavior
altruistic behavior
behavior do many animals exhibit to

4 What
reduce competition and gain control of an
area?
courtship
fight-or-flight responses
habituation
territoriality
A
B
C
D
A Predators are warned to keep away.

B Food sources are identified.
C The chemicals attract only members of the
same species.
D The chemicals attract members of other species.

is the energy cost associated with nurturing
8 What
behavior?
A Much energy is spent when many offspring

are produced at one time.
B Much energy is spent nurturing many offspring
after birth.
C Much energy is spent nurturing fewer offspring.
D More energy is spent before the birth of a
single individual than after.
CHAPTER 31
61
Name
Chapter 31
Date
In the graph below, what is the rank of the male

9 seal
whose genes will increase in frequency in
the seal gene pool?
30
use loud blasts from sound guns to

bn Farmers
scare crows away from corn crops, but the
20
10
10
Rank in male dominance heirarchy
1
6
7
10
bk What is characteristic of agonistic behavior?
It occurs between members of the same species.

It occurs between members of different species.
It usually results in the death of one individual.
It is an example of operant conditioning.
waggle dance signals the location

bl Aofhoneybees
food to other members of a hive. Which form
of behavior is a waggle dance?
A communication behavior
B altruistic behavior
C territorial behavior
D learned behavior
62
CHAPTER 31
crows eventually stop reacting. What is the

crows response?
A territoriality
B habituation
C cognitive behavior
D imprinting
often drop clams from a great height
bo Seagulls
onto rocks to crack open the shells. Why is this
an example of cognitive behavior?
A The gulls are imprinting.
B The gulls are being territorial.
C The gulls are salivating.
D The gulls are using rocks as tools.
what type of communication might
bp During
you see a male animal display bright colors or
movements?
A nurturing
B pecking
C altruism
D courtship
Percent of total matings
40
A
B
C
D
or ejecting eggs from a nest by a

bm Expelling
newly hatched cuckoo is an example of which
behavior?
A habituation
B fixed action pattern
C operant conditioning
D imprinting
Male Dominance v. Mating Success
A
B
C
D
Class
Chapter 32
Name
Date
the layer of skin labeled A that contains

1 Identify
hair follicles, sweat and oil glands, and muscles.
A
Class
type of damage to skin is characterized

5 What
by redness, mild discomfort, and the death of
only epidermal cells?
A first degree burns
B deep scrapes
C third degree burns
D uncontrollable division of cells
A
B
C
D
layer of the skin continually divides by

2 Which
mitosis to replace cells that are lost from the
skins surface?
A fatty connective tissue
B inner epidermal layer
C the dermis
D melanin-producing cells
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous layer
nerve tissue layer
type of tissue contracts causing hair

3 Which
and skin to stand up and form a goose
bump?
A muscle
B hair follicle
C sweat gland
D hair shaft
characteristic of skin is important for
4 What
bone formation?
A Sweat absorbs body heat when it evaporates

and cools skin.
D
C
type of tissue is located at the area

6 What
labeled A in the illustration above?
A
B
C
D
compact bone
spongy bone
marrow
cartilage
is spongy bone located in the diagram

7 Where
above?
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
produces red and white blood cells and

8 What
platelets?
A
B
C
D
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
red bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
B Vitamin D is made when skin is exposed to

ultraviolet light.
C Nerve endings in the dermis protect from

scrapes and breaks.
D Intact skin prevents entry of many
microorganisms and foreign substances.
9 An elbow is an example of what type of joint?

A
B
C
D
ball-and-socket
pivot
hinge
gliding
CHAPTER 32
63
Name
happens when you twist your arm and

bk What
damage the ligaments at your elbow?
A
B
C
D
bursitis
osteoarthritis
sprains
rheumatoid arthritis
type of muscle is under conscious

bl Which
control?
A
B
C
D
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
involuntary muscles
What does the illustration below describe about

bm muscles?
Date
Class
contrast to muscles in a long-distance

bn In
runner, muscles in a weight lifter have
A
B
C
D
more myoglobin
more mitochondria
fewer mitochondria
fewer fast-twitch muscles
strenuous activity, lack of which

bo During
substance limits ATP available for muscle
contraction?
A lactic acid
B calcium
C oxygen
D melanin
bp The part. of the muscle that contracts is the

A
B
C
D
sarcomere
muscle fiber
myosin
actin
Chapter 32
A Muscles always push but never pull.

B One muscle in a pair relaxes as the other
contracts.
C Sarcomeres lengthen as muscles contract.

D Paired muscles contract at the same time.
64
CHAPTER 32
Chapter 33
Name
Date

In the illustration below, what is the structure
labeled B?
Class
5 How do impulses move at a synapse?

A
B
C
D
by an electrical charge
by a chemical neurotransmitter
by touching the next neuron
by osmosis
Which would play a major role in making plans

6 for
choosing a career?
A Central Nervous System, because it analyzes

A
B
C
D
and stores information.

B Central Nervous System, because it control
reflexes.
C Peripheral Nervous System, because it relays
information to skeletal muscles.
D Peripheral Nervous System, because it
responds involuntarily.
dendrite
axon
nucleus
cell body
structure in the illustration above

2 Which
receives impulses?
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
what will happen as an impulse travels

3 Predict
along the axon in the diagram below.
Resting potential
Inside
cell
Outside
cell
A
B
C
D
structure would be most active if you

7 Which
were in a hot, dry desert without water?
8 What is true about reflexes?

A
B
C
D
[Na ] [K ]
[Na ] [K ]
More potassium will be pumped into the cell.

More sodium will be pumped into the cell.
Potassium will be pumped out of the cell.
Sodium will be pumped out of the cell.
In which do impulses move fastest?

A neurons that carry dull pain
B myelinated neurons
C nonmyelinated neurons
D all neurons.
medulla oblongata
pons
cerebrum
hypothalamus
They travel to the brain on sensory neurons.

They travel to the brain on motor neurons.
They are controlled voluntarily.
They are processed in the spinal cord and
not in the brain.
found in which structure of the inner ear

9 Fluid
stimulates hair cells in response to sound?
A
B
C
D
semicircular canals
cochlea
oval window
ear canal
are adapted to respond to which form of

bk Ears
energy?
A
B
C
D
vibrations
light
chemical
heat
CHAPTER 33
65
Chapter 33
Name
Date
structure in the illustration below

bl Which
inverts an image and focuses it on the retina?
2ETINA
!
"
#
$
/PTIC
NERVE
A
B
C
D
What structure can change the diameter of the

pupil in response to light energy?
A iris
B lens
C rods and cones
D cornea
transmits impulses from pain, heat, and

bn What
touch receptors in the skin and other body
organs?
A interneurons
B motor neurons
C sensory neurons
D free nerve endings
bo How does drug use affect dopamine?
A It is not reabsorbed at the synapse.

B It is reabsorbed at the synapse.
C It is not released at the synapse by the sending
neuron.
D It does not bind to receptor sites on the
receiving neuron.
bp What is characteristic of drug tolerance?
A psychological or physiological dependence

on a drug
B craving for a drug
C need for more of a drug to attain a desired
effect
D withdrawal effects
bm
A
B
C
D
Class
66
CHAPTER 33
Chapter 34
Name
Date
is true of the human circulatory

1 Which
system?
A
B
C
D
It transports oxygen and nutrients.

It makes blood cells.
It breaks down food and releases nutrients.
It is the first line of defense against pathogens.
Class
person has the blood type represented in the

6 Aillustration
below. What blood type can this
person safely receive?
A
A
A
A
A
B
C
D
is the path that blood follows through

2 Which
the heart as it returns from the head and body?
A
B
C
D
12
21
34
43
A only
A or O
O only
AB
blood component can recognize and

7 Which
kill disease-causing organisms?
A
B
C
D
red blood cells

white blood cells
platelets
fibrin

A
chamber does blood flow into once it

3 Which
has picked up a fresh supply of oxygen?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
4 Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A
B
C
D
arteries
veins
capillaries
lymphatics
Red blood cells transport oxygen attached to

which components?
A nuclei
B plasma membranes
C hemoglobin
D nitrogen
Identify the structure labeled A in the above

8 diagram.
A
B
C
D
bronchi
bronchiole
alveolus
pharynx
happens in the netlike structure labeled

9 What
B in the above diagram?
A Carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse into the

blood.
B Nitrogen and oxygen are exchanged.

C Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged.
D Nitrogen and carbon dioxide remain constant.
CHAPTER 34
67
Chapter 34
Name
which point in the respiratory system cycle

bk At
does cellular respiration take place?
A
B
C
D
during breathing
during external respiration
during internal respiration
when air moves into the bronchioles
bl Which causes an increase in the breathing rate?

A high concentration of oxygen in the blood
B high concentration of blood in the lung
capillaries
C high concentration of carbon dioxide in the

blood
D low concentration of carbon dioxide in the
blood
bm
Which is taking place in this diagram?
Date
Class
blood is brought to the kidneys, through

bn Once
which structure is it filtered?
A
B
C
D
loop of Henle
collecting tubule
renal vein
Bowmans capsule
which structure are most of the water and

bo Into
nutrients reabsorbed after urine has been
formed?
A convoluted tubule
B Bowmans capsule
C glomerulus
D collecting tubule
bp Which makes up the bodys excretory system?

A
B
C
D
lungs
skin
kidneys
All are part of the excretory system.
Ribs
A
B
C
D
68
Diaphragm
Inhalation; the diaphragm is contracting.

Exhalation; the diaphragm is relaxing.
Inhalation; the chest cavity is reduced.
Exhalation; the rib cage is expanding.
CHAPTER 34
Chapter 35
Name
Date
Class
is the function of the structures shown

5 What
below?
A
B
In which part of the digestive system shown

above does mechanical and chemical digestion
start?
A A
B B
C C
D D
2 Where does absorption take place?

A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
3 What does amylase break down?

A
B
C
D
lipids
starches
proteins
vitamins
4 Where is chemical digestion completed?

A
B
C
D
liver
pancreas
small intestine
large intestine
A
B
C
D
to moisten food
to absorb water from chyme
to absorb digested nutrients
to produce Vitamin K
alkaline fluid made by the pancreas

6 The
counteracts
.
A water in chyme
B acidic solutions from gastric glands in the
stomach
C pepsin from the stomach

D bile from the liver
proteins are broken down to
7 During digestion,
.
A
B
C
D
starches
fatty acids and glycerol
simple sugars
amino acids
organic compounds are needed in small

8 What
quantities for growth and metabolism?
A
B
C
D
proteins
vitamins
minerals
fats
CHAPTER 35
69
Name
Date
is the function of simple sugars in the

9 What
body?
A
B
C
D
They are the building blocks of proteins.

They are made of the same materials as fats.
They are a source of fiber.
They provide energy for cells.
the diagram shown below, where does

bk In
peristalsis occur?
A
B
E
C
D
A
B
C
D
A and D
C and F
C and E
E and F
body system transports hormones from

bl Which
endocrine glands to their target tissues?
A
B
C
D
circulatory system
digestive system
excretory system
nervous system
Class
description explains what is occurring

bm Which
in the diagram between blood glucose levels
and pancreatic activity?
Higher blood sugar
Pancreas secretes
less insulin
Pancreas secretes
more insulin
Lower blood sugar
A It is a feedback mechanism that maintains

homeostasis.
B It is an immune system responding to
prevent disease.
C It describes the digestion of sugar.
D It is the hormonal regulation of egg production.
structures enable most cells to
bn Which
communicate with each other?
A
B
C
D
fibrin
white blood cells
nerves
receptor molecules
is characteristic of steroid hormones

bo What
such as estrogen?
A They bind to starches.

B They cause target cells to start protein synthesis.
C They bind to a receptor in the plasma
membrane to get into cells.
D They are target cells.
bp Which is a result of secretion of adrenaline?

A
B
C
D
70
CHAPTER 35
increased cell activity

onset of lethargy
decreased heart rate
decreased blood glucose
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Name
Date
which part of the sperm cell are mitochondria

1 In
found?
Tail (55 m)
Midpiece
(6 m)
Head
(5 m)
Fibrous
sheath of
flagellum
Acrosome
A
B
C
D
Nucleus
head
midpiece
tail
acrosome
which do sperm travel after leaving

2 Through
the testes?
A
B
C
D
Class
6 After ovulation, what does a follicle become?

A
B
C
D
the embryo
the corpus luteum
the zygote
the placenta
organelle in a sperm acrosome weakens

7 What
the plasma membrane of an egg cell?
A
B
C
D
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
ribosomes
does fertilization take place in the

8 Where
below diagram?
B
Blastocyst
Morula
vas deferens
urethra
epididymis
seminal vesicles
Zygote
A
C
D
pH value would you expect semen to

3 Which
have?
A
B
C
D
2
5
7
9
hormone stimulates the production

4 Which
and secretion of testosterone in the testes?
A
B
C
D
FSH
Estrogen
LH
GnRH
5 Which describes ovulation?

A
B
C
D
A follicle ruptures and releases an egg.

An egg turns in the ovary.
The endometrium breaks down.
A sperm joins with an egg.
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
will the blastocyst implant itself and

9 Where
develop?
A
B
C
D
in the ovary
in the oviduct
in the uterus
in the vagina
sequence describes human development

bk Which
during the first week after fertilization?
A
B
C
D
eggmorulablastocystzygote
eggzygotemorulablastocyst
morulablastocysteggzygote
morulaeggzygoteblastocyst
CHAPTER 36
71
Chapter 36
Name
!
"
Date
Class
to puberty, the development of eggs is

bn Prior
stopped at which phase of meiosis?
A
B
C
D
first meiotic division

second meiotic division
when polar bodies form
when a zygote forms
#
$
&ETALPORTION
OFPLACENTA
-ATERNALPORTION
OFPLACENTA
extraembryonic membrane develops

bl Which
into the fetal portion of the placenta?
A
B
C
D
bm Identify the structure labeled C?

A
B
C
D
72
A
B
C
D
human growth hormone

oxytocin
thyroxine
estrogen
cigarette smoking and use of alcohol

bp Heavy
throughout pregnancy usually increases the
likelihood of
.
A multiple births
B birth of a male child
C a baby with a viral infection
D a baby being born with medical problems
amnion
yolk sac
allantois
umbilical cord
CHAPTER 36
A
B
C
D
stimulates involuntary uterine muscles

bo Which
to contract?
Chapter 37
Name
for demonstrating that a specific organism

1 Rules
is responsible for causing a specific disease
Date
Class
were devised by which person?

A Louis Pasteur
B Robert Koch
C Edward Jenner
D Robert Gallo
Conjunctivitis is an eye condition that is always

found in the human population. How would
you describe the prevalence of this disease?
A epidemic
B pandemic
C endemic
D global
Which is a function of lymph nodes throughout

3 the
body?
A They are substances foreign to the body that

produce an immune response.
B They filter lymph and remove foreign materials
5 Identify the cell labeled A.

A
B
C
D
neutrophil
macrophage
lymphocyte
lysozyme
6 What is the function of the cell labeled B?
A It causes virally infected cells to produce

interferon.
B It produces antibodies and memory cells.
C It engulfs foreign microorganisms.
D It releases cytokines.
conclusion can be reached based on the

7 What
graph below about treatment of a disease with
antibiotics?
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
0%
1983
1%
1982
antibodies
antibiotics
lymphocytes
activated B cells
Resistance of Gonorrhea to Penicillin
1981
A
B
C
D
10%
1980
Which are prescription drugs that kill or inhibit

4 the
growth of microorganisms?
Penicillin-resistant Gonorrhea
from lymph.
C They stay inside capillaries to bathe body tissues.
D They store blood and destroy damaged blood
cells.
"
0ROCESSED
ANTIGEN
Year
A
B
C
D
The success rate increased.

The number of antibiotics increased.
The number of cases of the disease increased.
The failure of penicillin to treat the disease
increased.
CHAPTER 37
73
Name
Date
describes how cytotoxic T cells act in

8 Which
the body?
A bind to pathogens, release a chemical, and

lyses pathogens
B bind to pathogens and produce more pathogens
C bind to pathogens and produce antibodies
D bind to pathogens, release a chemical that
lyses antibodies
the first exposure to an antigen, what
9 After
carries the record of the exposure in the body?
A
B
C
D
bk
activated B cells
a mass of antibodies
memory B cells
nonactivated B cells
Serum Antibody level

0
Second
Exposure to
Antigen X
Activated
B cells
Antibodies
Secondry
anti-X
response
10
12
Weeks
A
B
C
D
74
It increased.
It decreased.
It remained the same as after the first exposure.
No memory B cells were made.
CHAPTER 37
eventually increasing the number of B cells.

D It encourages cells to make interferon.
city health inspector closes a local
bn The
restaurant when several people become ill
from E. coli-contaminated food. What is the
restaurant an example of ?
A a pathogen
B a booster
C a reservoir
D an epidemic source
occurs when an immune system forms
bo Which
antibodies to its own proteins?
Primary
anti-X
response
4
does HIV destroy immune response in

bm How
the body?
eventually reducing the number of B cells.
Memory
B cells
and organisms. However, you have shown no

signs of these diseases. What happened when
you were an infant and again at age 14?
A You were immunized against DPT.
B You were given a booster shot.
C You got a shot of interferon.
D You developed one of these diseases.
C It reproduces in and destroys T helper cells,
Activated
B cells
Naive
B cells
an infant and again at about age 14, you were

bl As
deliberately exposed to weakened DPT toxins
A It reproduces in B cells that produce antibodies.

B It reproduces in and destroys T helper cells,
Using the graph below, predict what probably

happened to the memory B cell count after the
second exposure?
First
Exposure to
Antigen X
Class
A
B
C
D
acquired immunity
allergies
autoimmune disease
anaphylactic shock
people who are allergic to pollen come

bp When
in contact with it, what causes their eyes to
water and itch?
A antigens from red blood cells
B enzymes from platelets
C histamines from body cells
D hormones from the pituitary gland
Chapter 37
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ISBN: 978-0-07-879935-8
MHID: 0-07-879935-X
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STUDENT EDITION

Contents and Features

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

THE STUDY OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Understanding science can sometimes be a challenge. Standardized Test Practice for

National Science Content Standards

NATIONAL SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Unifying Concepts and Processes

NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS

Earth and Space Sciences

Student Answer Sheet

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

group of organisms that can interbreed and

A biochemist is performing an experiment to

the human body, heat is constantly

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

dissolves in or mixes completely with

scientist performs a series of experiments to

6 Which procedure is a scientific method?

an experiment, all variables are held

unit is part of the International System

decreases. Which graph correctly displays

was he or she probably performing?

A BGH does not bring about an increase in mass.

scientist uses graphs, tables, and charts to

kind of question would an

A How can a prosthetic hand be made?

C Animals injected with the hormone will

experimental design included references to

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

results of an experiment show that as

1 Ecology.is the study of interactions between

Use the illustration below to answer question 6.

the animal groups in an area

portion of Earth that supports the

is a biotic factor that might affect the

temperature of the water

floor. This situation would have an immediate

Which term best describes the interactions

is not a pathway by which plants obtain

A food web is represented in the diagram below.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

dense needles of Douglas fir trees can

illustration above shows living and

which type of ecological relationship do two

a sweet potato can provide energy for

the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is continuously

According to the energy pyramid below, which

is released at each level of a pyramid of

an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

plants can inhabit a rocky area, soil

The diagram below shows layering in a lake.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Layer A is closer to shore.

a community is disrupted by a large-scale

Within aquatic biomes, there are many

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

biomes are classified based on the

7 Which describes a community most accurately?