S3 3 Trigonometry

S3
Credit
Trigonometry
www.mathsrevision.com
The Tangent Ratio

The Tangent using Angle
The Tangent Ratio in Action
The Tangent (The Adjacent side)
The Tangent (Finding Angle)
The Sine of an Angle
The Sine Ration In Action
The Sine ( Finding the Hypotenuse)
The Cosine of an Angle
Mixed Problems
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. An F1 car can complete a lap in 2 mins.

A lap is 5 miles in length.
Show that the average speed is 150mph
2. The resistance (R) in copper wire is directly
proportion to its length (L) and inversely to
the square of its radius (r).
Write down an formula connecting R, L and r.
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. To identify the
hypotenuse, opposite and
adjacent sides in a right
angled triangle.
Success Criteria
1. Understand the terms
hypotenuse, opposite and
adjacent in right angled
triangle.
2. Work out Tan Ratio.
4 Oct 2016
Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Lets Investigate!
Trigonometry means triangle and

measurement.
We will be using right-angled triangles.
Opposite
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Trigonometry
hy
po
te
nu
se
x
Adjacent
Mathemagic!
Trigonometry
Opposite
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hy
pot
enu
s
30
Adjacent
Opposite
= 0.6
Adjacent
Try another!
Trigonometry
Opposite
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hy
pot
enu
s
45
Adjacent
Opposite
= 1
Adjacent
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Trigonometry
For an angle of 30,
Opposite
= 0.6
Adjacent
Opposite
is called the tangent of an angle.
Adjacent
We write tan 30 = 0.6
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
The ancient Greeks
discovered this and
repeated this for
all possible angles.
Tan 25
0.466
Tan 26
0.488
Tan 27
0.510
Tan 28
0.532
Tan 29
0.554
Tan 30
0.577
Tan 31
0.601
Tan 32
0.625
Tan 33
0.649
Tan 34
0.675
Tan 30 = 0.577
Accurate to
3 decimal places!
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now-a-days we can use
calculators instead of tables
to find the Tan of an angle.
On your calculator press
Followed by 30, and press
Tan
Notice that your calculator is

incredibly accurate!!
Accurate to 9 decimal places!
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Whats the point of all this???
Dont worry, youre about to find out!
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
How high is the tower?

Opp
60
12 m
Trigonometry
Opposite
S3
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hy
po
te
nu
se
60
12 m
Adjacent
Copy this!
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Opp
Tan x =
Adj
Opp
Tan 60 =
12
12 x Tan 60 = Opp
Opp =12 x Tan 60 = 20.8m (1 d.p.)
Copy this!
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
So the towers
20.8 m high!
20.8m
Dont worry, youll

be trying plenty of
examples!!
Opp
Tan x =
Adj
Opposite
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
x
Adjacent
Example
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Find the
height h
Hyp
65
8m
Adj
Opp
SOH CAH TOA
Opp
Tan x =
Adj
Tan 65 =
h
8
8 x Tan 65 = h
h = 8 x Tan 65 = 17.2m (1 d.p.)
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Class Group
Identifying the
Tan Ratio Ex 3.1 & Ex4.1
MIA Page 203
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. Find the area and perimeter
10cm
of the circle.
2. Is the triangle right angled at P.
Q
Explain your answer.
6cm
3. Factorise 2 x2 3x 2
10cm
P
7cm
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. To use tan of the angle to
solve problems.
Success Criteria
1. Write down tan ratio.
2. Use tan of an angle to solve

problems.
4 Oct 2016
S3
Credit
Using Tan to calculate angles
Example
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Calculate the
tan xo ratio
Hyp
SOH CAH TOA

Opp
18m
x
12m
Adj
Opp
Tan x =
Adj
Tan x =
18
12
Tan x = 1.5
S3
Credit
Calculate the
size of
angle xo
Trigonometry
Tan x = 1.5
How do we find x?
We need to use Tan on the
calculator.
Tan is written above
To get this press
2nd
Tan
Tan
Followed by
Tan
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Tan x = 1.5
Press
2nd
Enter 1.5
Tan
Tan
x = Tan 1.5 = 56.3 (1 d.p.)
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Process
1.
Identify Hyp, Opp and Adj
2. Write down ratio Tan xo = Opp

Adj
3.
Calculate xo
2nd
Tan
Tan
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 4.2
MIA Page 205
Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1.
True or false 30 5 + 6 4 = 48
2. Write in scientific notation 0.0456

3. Identify the sides of the triangle.
xo
4. The subway train takes 6 mins to travel

between 2 stations 3 miles apar t.
Show that it's average speed is 30mph.
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
solve REAL LIFE problems.
Success Criteria

REAL LIFE problems.
4 Oct 2016
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Use the tan ratio to find the height h of the tree

to 2 decimal places.
tan 47o =
opp h
=
adj 8
tan 47o =
h
8
SOH CAH TOA

rod
h = 8 tan 47o
h = 8.58m
4 Oct 2016
47o
Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.
8m
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
Example 2
Q1. An aeroplane is preparing to land at Glasgow Airport.

It is over Lennoxtown at present which is 15km from
the airport. The angle of descent is 6o.
4 Oct 2016
What is the height of the plane ?
tan 6o =
h
15
h = 15 tan 6o
h = 1.58km
Aeroplane
6o
Airport
Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths

Dept.
a = 15
Lennoxtown
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 5.1
MIA Page 207
Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1.
Explain why 6 + 9 3 = 9 and not 5
2. Write in scientific notation 32.56

3. Identify the sides of the triangle.
xo
4. The train takes 10 mins to travel

between 2 stations 6miles apart.
Find the average speed of the train.
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
find adjacent length.
Success Criteria

find adjacent length.
4 Oct 2016
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Use the tan ratio to calculate how far the ladder

is away from the building.
opp 12
tan 45 =
=
adj
d
o
12
d=
tan 45o
SOH CAH TOA

ladder
45o
d = 12m
4 Oct 2016
dm
12m
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Example 2
Q1. An aeroplane is preparing to land at Glasgow Airport. It is over

Lennoxtown at present. It is at a height of 1.58 km above the ground. It
s angle of descent is 6o.
How far is it from the airport to Lennoxtown?
tan 6o =
d=
1.58
d
SOH CAH TOA
1.58
tan 6o
d = 15 km
4 Oct 2016
Aeroplane
a = 1.58 km
6o
Airport
Lennoxtown
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 5.2
MIA Page 210
Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1.
3
3 5
+
4
5 7
2.
Explain why
y=
y = 6 when a = (-1) b = 2
(a - b)(b - a)(2a - b)
p
Q3. Given T = k .
v
Find k when T = 6 P = 18 and v = 9.
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. To show how to find an
angle using tan ratio.
Success Criteria
2. Use tan ratio to find an angle.
4 Oct 2016
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Use the tan ratio to calculate the angle that the

support wire makes with the ground.
opp 11
tan x =
=
adj
4
o
SOH CAH TOA
11
x = tan
4
o
-1
11m
x o = 70o
4 Oct 2016
xo
4m
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Use the tan ratio to find the angle of take-off.
SOH CAH TOA
opp
88
tan x =
=
adj 500
o
tan x o = 0.176
o
-1
x = tan (0.176) = 10
4 Oct 2016
88m
xo
500 m
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 6.1
MIA Page 211
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. A train takes 12 minutes to travel
between 2 stations.
Show that the average speed is 60km/hr
if the stations are 6miles apart.
2. Calculate A when w = (-3) y = 4
A=
(w - y) + (y - w)
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. Definite the sine ratio and
show how to find an angle
using this ratio.
Success Criteria
1. Write down sine ratio.
2. Use sine ratio to find an

angle.
4 Oct 2016
The Sine Ratio
Sin x =
Opposite
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
hy
po
te
nu
se
Opp
Hyp
S3
Credit
Find the
height h
Example
Trigonometry
h
Opp
Opp
Sin x =
Hyp
Sin 34 =
11cm Hyp
34
h
11
SOH CAH TOA
11 x Sin 34 = h
h = 11 x Sin 34 = 6.2cm (1 d.p.)
S3
Credit
Using Sin to calculate angles
Example
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Find the xo
6m
Opp
9m Hyp
Opp
Sin x =
Hyp
6
Sin x =
9
SOH CAH TOA
Sin x = 0.667 (3 d.p.)
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Sin x =0.667
(3 d.p.)
How do we find x?
We need to use Sin on the
calculator.
Sin is written
To get this press
Sin
above Sin
2nd
Followed by
Sin
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Sin x = 0.667 (3 d.p.)

Press
2nd
Enter 0.667
Sin
Sin
x = Sin 0.667 = 41.8 (1 d.p.)
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 7.1
MIA Page 212
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. Explain why we can simply pick out Q1 , Q2 and Q3
then find the 5 figure summary for the data
19, 15, 11, 22, 9, 12, 11
2. Show that the original price of a car is 9000

If it costs 8100 after a discount of 10%
3. A lorry is travelling at 40mph.
It has travelled 60 miles.
How long has it taken to travel 60 miles.
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. To show how to use the
sine ratio to solve
Success Criteria
REAL-LIFE problems.
2. Use sine ratio to solve
REAL-LIFE problems.
4 Oct 2016
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
The support rope is 11.7m long. The angle between

the rope and ground is 70o. Use the sine ratio to
calculate the height of the flag pole.
sin 70o =
opp
h
=
hyp 11.7
h = 11.7 sin70o
SOH CAH TOA

11.7m
h = 11 m
4 Oct 2016
70o
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Use the sine ratio to find the angle of the ramp.
SOH CAH TOA
opp 10
sin x =
=
hyp 20
o
10
sin x =
20
o
10
o
x = sin
=
30
20
o
4 Oct 2016
-1
20 m
xo
10m
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 7.2
MIA Page 214
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. Fill in the ? marks.

2 x 2 9 x 7 = (2 x ?)( x ?)
2. Calculate A when
A=
w
4
w = (-10)
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. To show how to calculate
the hypotenuse using the
sine ratio.
Success Criteria
2. Use sine ratio to find the

hypotenuse.
4 Oct 2016
Example
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
SOH CAH TOA

Opp
Sin x =
Hyp
Sin 72 =
r=
5
sin 72o
r = 5.3 km
A road AB is right angled at B.

The road BC is 5 km.
Calculate the length of
the new road AC.
B
5km
C
72
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 8.1
MIA Page 215
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. Explain why we can simply pick out Q1 and Q3
then find the 5 figure summary for the data
9, 5, 11, 2, 9, 2
2. Find the original price of a football

If it costs 20 after a discount of 80%
3. A lorry is travelling at 50mph.
It has travelled 75 miles.
Show that the time taken is 1hr 30 mins.
Angles & Triangles

Learning Intention
1. Definite the cosine ratio
and show how to find an
length or angle using this
ratio.
Success Criteria
1. Write down cosine ratio.
2. Use cosine ratio to find a

length or angle.
4 Oct 2016
The Cosine Ratio
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Cos x =
hy
po
te
nu
se
x
Adjacent
Adj
Hyp
Example
Trigonometry
Adj
Cos x =
Hyp
b Adj
40
Opp
S3
Credit
Find the
adjacent
length b
b
Cos 40 =
35
Hyp
35mm
SOH CAH TOA
35 x Cos 40 = b
b = 35 x Cos 40= 26.8mm (1 d.p.)
S3
Credit
Using Cos to calculate angles
Example
Trigonometry
34cm Adj
Adj
Cos x =
Hyp
Cos x =
34
45
Opp
S3
Credit
Find the
angle xo
Hyp
45cm
SOH CAH TOA
Cos x = 0.756 (3 d.p.)
x = Cos 0.756 =41
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 9.1
MIA Page 216
S3
Credit
Starter Questions
1. Calculate 104 x 100

putting your answer in standard form.
2. Is this triangle right angled ?
If yes, find the size of angle x .
o
If no find the area of the triangle.

6
xo
10
The Three Ratios
S3
Credit
adjacent
opposite
Sine
Tangent
Cosine
hypotenuse
adjacent
Sine
adjacent
Cosine
opposite
Cosine
Tangent
Sine
hypotenuse
opposite
Sine
hypotenuse
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Sin x =
Opp
Hyp
Cos x =
Adj
Tan x =
Hyp
S HC HT A
O
Opp
Adj
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Process
1.
Write down
SOH CAH TOA

2.
3.
Identify what you want to find
what you know

Copy this!
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Past Paper Type Questions
SOH CAH TOA
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
(4 marks)
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
4 marks
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
(4marks)
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
(4marks)
Trigonometry
Trigonometry
S3
Credit
Trigonometry
Now try
Exercise 10.1 & 10.2
MIA Page 218

S3 3 Trigonometry

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S3

The Tangent Ratio

1. An F1 car can complete a lap in 2 mins.

Angles & Triangles

Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Trigonometry means triangle and

We write tan 30 = 0.6

Notice that your calculator is

Dont worry, youre about to find out!

How high is the tower?

Dont worry, youll

SOH CAH TOA

MIA Page 203

Angles & Triangles

2. Use tan of an angle to solve

Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Using Tan to calculate angles

SOH CAH TOA

x = Tan 1.5 = 56.3 (1 d.p.)

Identify Hyp, Opp and Adj

2. Write down ratio Tan xo = Opp

2. Write in scientific notation 0.0456

4. The subway train takes 6 mins to travel

Angles & Triangles

2. Use tan of an angle to solve

Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Use the tan ratio to find the height h of the tree

SOH CAH TOA

SOH CAH TOA

Q1. An aeroplane is preparing to land at Glasgow Airport.

What is the height of the plane ?

Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths

Explain why 6 + 9 3 = 9 and not 5

2. Write in scientific notation 32.56

4. The train takes 10 mins to travel

Angles & Triangles

2. Use tan of an angle to solve

Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Use the tan ratio to calculate how far the ladder

SOH CAH TOA

Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Q1. An aeroplane is preparing to land at Glasgow Airport. It is over

SOH CAH TOA

Angles & Triangles

2. Use tan ratio to find an angle.

Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Use the tan ratio to calculate the angle that the

SOH CAH TOA

Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Use the tan ratio to find the angle of take-off.

SOH CAH TOA

Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Angles & Triangles

2. Use sine ratio to find an

Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

The Sine Ratio

SOH CAH TOA

Using Sin to calculate angles

SOH CAH TOA

Sin x = 0.667 (3 d.p.)

Sin x = 0.667 (3 d.p.)

x = Sin 0.667 = 41.8 (1 d.p.)

1. Explain why we can simply pick out Q1 , Q2 and Q3