Jean Marie Joly Bio

Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, Christianity required its adherents to
renounce all other gods. Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were
unable to participate in much of public life. This refusal caused non-Christians to fear
that the Christians were angering the gods; Christian secrecy about their rituals spawned
rumors that Christians were orgiastic, incestuous, atheistic cannibals.

Jean Marie Joly Profile :The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic
Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with more than a billion members. Its
leader is the Pope who holds supreme authority in concert with the College of Bishops of
which he is the head. A communion of the Western church and 22 Eastern Catholic
churches, it comprised a total of 2,795 dioceses in 2008. The Church defines its mission
as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising
charity. It operates social programs and institutions throughout the world including
schools, universities, hospitals, missions, shelters and charities

Jean Marie Joly

Toward the latter part of the 17th century, Pope Innocent XI reformed abuses that were
occurring in the Church's hierarchy, including simony, nepotism and the lavish papal
expenditures that had caused him to inherit a large papal debt. He promoted missionary
activity, tried to unite Europe against the Turkish invasion, prevented influential Catholic
rulers (including the Holy Roman Emperor) from marrying Protestants but strongly
condemned religious persecution

Jean Marie Joly Info : The Council of Constance, the Council of Basel and the Fifth
Lateran Council each attempted to reform internal Church abuses, with the "popular and
persistently recommended" creation of a council. In 1460, following the fall of
Constantinople to the Turks, Pope Pius II forbade further appeal for a general council.
Consequently worldly men such as Roderigo Borgia (Pope Alexander VI) were elected to
the papacy, followed by Pope Julius II who presented himself as a secular prince. Early in
the 16th century, the publication of In Praise of Folly, written by Erasmus, "included
some biting criticisms of the unreformed Church

Jean Marie Joly Ordained Catholics, as well as members of the laity, may enter
consecrated life as monks or nuns. A candidate takes vows confirming their desire to
follow the three evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty and obedience. Most monks and
nuns join a monastic or religious order, such as the Benedictines, Carmelites,
Dominicans, Franciscans, and the Sisters of Mercy.

Jean Marie Joly Toward the latter part of the 17th century, Pope Innocent XI reformed
abuses that were occurring in the Church's hierarchy, including simony, nepotism and the
lavish papal expenditures that had caused him to inherit a large papal debt. He promoted
missionary activity, tried to unite Europe against the Turkish invasion, prevented
influential Catholic rulers (including the Holy Roman Emperor) from marrying
Protestants but strongly condemned religious persecution

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