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Abstract: Antibiotics destroys pathogenic microorganisms and inhibits cell activity. In this study, the
effects of the antibiotic Cefalexin on lactic acid fermentation of lactobacilli and on aerobic cells were
determined. Three concentrations of Cefalexin were prepared (75%, 50% and 25%) and were added to a
mixture of fresh milk and yoghurt. The set-up with 50% concentration did not show curdling, implying
the inhibition of lactobacilli activity. The same three concentrations were also added to red blood cells,
hydrilla leaves and squamous cells. Red blood cells show crenation under 50% and 25% antibiotic
concentration. Hydrilla cells treated with 50% antibiotic concentration show plasmolysis. Squamous cells
show distortion under 50% and 25% antibiotic concentration. Using Cochran Q-test, the results show that
the milk and yoghurt mixture do not show the same response to varying concentrations of antibiotic. It
can be implied that 50% Cefalexin solution is effective in inhibiting bacterial activity. The aerobic cells
also show disturbance in cell morphology under 50% Cefalexin solution. This implies that high
concentration of antibiotics affect cell morphology and therefore affecting cell function as well. This
study contributes to the knowledge of the importance of dosages when taking antibiotics, since very high
concentrations not only kill pathogenic microorganisms but body cells as well.
I.
Introduction
II.
An antibiotic is a chemical or
of another microorganism.
mitochondria.
III.
IV.
ribosome.
a mouth-puckering sourness
V.
VI.
VII.
antibiotics.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Preparation of Antibiotic
Solutions
of samples.
XI.
acid fermentation
XV.
XVI.
XVII. Results
a concentration as previously
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
cells
samples is accepted.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
Figure 1 Upper row: Red blood cells show their characteristic biconcave shape. Left is the control group and photo
on the right shows red blood cells treated with 75% antibiotic solution. Lower row: Red blood cells show
crenation. Left photo shows treatment with 50% antibiotic solution. Right photo shows treatment with 25%
antibiotic solution.
XXIV.
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XXXVIII.
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XLI.
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Figure 2 Hydrilla cells show no observable changes except for cells treated with 50% antibiotic solution showing
plasmolysis (lower row, left). 50% Cefalexin solution is a hypertonic solution and caused water inside the plant
cells to diffuse out of the cytoplasm, causing plasmolysis. Upper left photo shows the control group, upper right
shows treatment with 75% solution and lower right shows treatment with 25% solution.
cell wall.
XLVIII.
XLIX.
L.
LI.
LII.
LIII.
LIV.
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LVI.
LVII.
LVIII.
LIX.
LX.
LXI.
LXII.
LXIII.
LXIV.
LXV.
LXVI.
LXVII.
LXVIII.
LXIX.
LXX.
LXXI.
LXXII.
Figure 3 Squamous cells show distorted shapes under the microscope (lower row). These cells were subjected to
50% and 25% antibiotic solution, respectively. The upper row, with the control group on the left and cells treated
with 75% antibiotic solution on the right, show no significant observable changes; the cells are flat and scale-like.
LXXIII.
concentration.
LXXVII.
LXXIX.
plant cells.
LXXXI.
LXXXV.
in vain.
LXXXVI.
LXXXVII. V.
Conclusion
LXXXVIII.
LXXXIX. Antibiotics inhibit cell activity.
The milk and yoghurt mixture did
not show curdling under 50%
antibiotic solution treatment. The
milk and yoghurt mixture do not
XC.
XCI.
XCII.
XCIII.
XCIV.
XCV.
XCVI.
XCVII.
XCVIII.
XCIX.
C.
Conclusion
CV.
CVI.
Antibiotics inhibit cell activity. The milk and yoghurt mixture did not show curdling under
50% antibiotic solution treatment. The milk and yoghurt mixture do not show the same
response to varying concentrations of antibiotic. Red blood cells show crenation under under
50% and 25% antibiotic concentration. Hydrilla cells treated with 50% antibiotic
concentration show plasmolysis. Squamous cells show distortion under 50% and 25%
antibiotic concentration. It can be implied that 50% Cefalexin solution is effective in
inhibiting bacterial activity. The aerobic cells also show disturbance in cell morphology under
50% Cefalexin solution. High concentration of antibiotics affects cell morphology and
therefore affecting cell function as well.
CVII.
CVIII.
CIX.
CX.
CXI.
CXII.
CXIII.
CXIV.
CXV.
CXVI.
CXVII.
CXVIII.
CXIX.
CXX.
CXXI.
CXXII.
CXXIII.
CXXIV.
CXXV.
CXXVI.
CXXVII.
CXXVIII.
CXXIX.
CXXX.
CXXXI.
CXXXII.
CXXXIII.
CXXXIV.
CXXXV.
CXXXVI.
CXXXVII.
CXXXVIII.
CXXXIX.
CXL.
CXLI.
CXLII.
CXLIII.
CXLIV.
CXLV.
CXLVI.
CXLVII.
CXLVIII.
CXLIX.
CL.
CLI.
CLII.
CLIII.
CLIV.
CLV.
CLVI.
CLVII.
CLVIII.
CLIX.
CLX.
CLXI.
CLXII.
CLXIII.
CLXIV.
CLXV.
CLXVI.
CLXVII.
CLXVIII.
CLXIX.
CLXX.
CLXXI.
CLXXII.
CLXXIII.
CLXXIV.
CLXXV.
CLXXVI.
CLXXVII.
CLXXVIII.
CLXXIX.
CLXXX.
CLXXXI.
CLXXXII.