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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
OSH514 :
SAFETY MANAGAMENT IN
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
Lesson Plan
Introduction
Module 1: Occ. Safety and Health management and the law

Module 2: Preparing for work
Module 3: Setting up the site
Module 4: Construction-phase safety and health
INTRODUCTION
3
Management of OSH at site

Overview of OSH Management System
MS 1722
Policy
Organizing
Planning and Implementation
Evaluation
Action for improvement
OSH MS
Make compulsory as stated in Section 15, general

duties of employers to ensure so far as is
practicable the plant and system of works are
maintain safely and without risks to the employees,
other people (not its immediate workers) &
surrounding.
5
OSH MS 1722:2011
OSH MS 1722: Policy
The policy should be:a) specific to the organisation and appropriate to its size
and the nature of its activities;
b) concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by
the signature or endorsement of the employer or the
most senior accountable person in the organisation;
c) communicated and readily accessible to all persons
at their workplace;
d) reviewed for continuing suitability; and
e) employee participation
7
OSH MS 1722: Policy
Should have the following key principles:a) protecting the safety and health of all members of the
organisation and others who may be affected by the work
carried out;
b) preventing work-related fatalities, disabilities, injuries, ill health,
diseases, property and environmental damage and near
misses;
c) complying with relevant OSH national laws and regulations,
and other requirements to which the organisation subscribes;
d) ensuring that employees and their representatives are
consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements
of the OSHMS; and
e) continually improving the performance of the OSHMS.
8
OSH MS1722: Organising
In organising stages: Assign responsibility, accountability and

authority;
Ensure competence, training and
awareness are fulfilled;
Establish OSHMS documentation
Proper communication to the stakeholder
OSH MS1722: Planning & Implementation

In these stages:
Initial review to know the gap
Set the OSH objectives
Include OSH element in procurement &
contracting
Do the HIRARC
Emergency prevention, preparedness
and response
Management of change
10
OSH MS1722: Evaluation
The company should evaluate the

implementation OSH thru;
Performance monitoring and measurement

Incident investigation
Audit
Management review
11
OSH MS1722: Action for Improvement

Once evaluated and required improvement;
Recommend and perform preventive and

corrective actions
Findings shall be addressed
Continual improvement
12
HIRARC
13
Contents
Objectives
Accidents
Basic of accident prevention method
14
Objectives
At the end, participants would know:
Terminologies related to hazards, risks and accidents.

Exposure to accidents and its causes and consequences
happens in construction site, and
Understood and be able to elaborate the basic method of
accidents prevention
15
Definition of Hazard, Risk and

Danger
16
Hazard
Defined as source or condition which has
potential to cause injury and/or ill health to
humans, damage to property or damage to
workplace or environment or combination of any
Hazard source
of the above.
Hazard may cause harm if not in control
(uncontrolled hazards)
Attack of the tiger
hazard due to potential
impact may cause harms
Note: Source OHSAS 18000 & MS1722:2003
17
Example of Hazard
Fallen from height
Tripping
18
Risks
Definition of OHSAS 18002 Combination of
likelihood or probability AND consequences/
effect for a particular hazard to happen.
Definition of MS1722 A combination of the
likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or
High risk
exposure with specified period or in specified

circumstances and the severity of injury or damage
to the health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event or
exposure.
Low risk
19
Risks
Definition of OHSAS 18002 Combination of
likelihood or probability AND consequences/
effect for a particular hazard to happen.
Definition of MS1722 A combination of the
likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or
High risk
exposure with specified period or in specified

circumstances and the severity of injury or damage
to the health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event or
exposure.
Low risk
20
Example of Risks
Scope of work
Hazard
Risk
Grinding
Eyes hit by flying

debris
Eye injury or blind
Welding
Radiation from
the welding arc
Eye inflammation/
kataraks/blind
Working at height Fall from height
Injury/Death
21
Danger
Danger explains relative exposure to the hazard. It shows the tendency of a

hazard hit / struck an employee in a risky situation.
Examples:
Employees who regularly handle chemicals will be more vulnerable to
the dangers of the chemicals than other employees who rarely do.
More concentrated sulfuric acid is more dangerous than the sulfuric acid
was diluted, so the risk is higher for workers handling the concentrated
acid compared to workers who handle dilute acids.
22
Do you know?
SIGNAGE
MEANING THAT DANGER

HIGH RISK SITUATION
WARNING
MEDIUM RISK SITUATION
CAUTION
LOW RISK SITUATION
Sumber: Panduan ISO/IEC 51:1990 (E)
23
What is ACCIDENT?
24
Definition of accident
Events or conditions that are not planned or expected

Unfortunate Events as a result of negligence or ignorance
Events occurring unintentional
Events that occur due to reasons unknown
An accident is an unexpected sequence of events and unplanned
occurs through a logical sequence and by a combination of several
historical reasons cause harm either an injury or illness to people,
damage to property or the environment, accidents, near misses,
loss, or a combination of the above effects
25
Source of accident
METHOD/
PROCEDURE
MACHINERY/
EQUIPMENT
HUMAN
MATERIALS
MEDIA
26
Effect of accident
Injuries
Disablement
Disability
Death
Loss (monetary)
Damage
Reputation
Phobia/Fear
27
Cost of accident
Direct
(magnitud 1)
Loss of income
Medical
Damage of property
Indirect
(magnitud 8-36)
New workers
Affect the performance

Supervisory time
Reputation
28
Video
Most frequent cases

Safety issues
Health issues
Falls
Asbestos
Mobile plant
Manual handling
Falling materials and collapses
Noise and vibration
Electrical accident
Chemical
Trips
29
Statistic
Year
No of reported
accidents
No of workplace
accident
No of accident
to/fro workplace
No of death
accident
2001
84,333
67,163
17,170
958
2002
81,810
63,423
18,387
858
2003
73,858
56,249
17,609
822
2004
69,132
50,803
18,329
846
2005
61,182
43,885
17,297
773
2006
58,321
40,617
17,704
733
2007
56,339
38,657
17,682
755
2008
54,133
35,092
19,041
981
2009
55,186
34,376
20,810
663
2010
57,656
34,911
22,745
409
Source: PERKESO & JKKP (as cited by Sayani Saidon in her research on HSE in JBPM)
30
Graph: No of accident vs Years

90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
2001
2002
No of reported accidents
2003
2004
2005
No of workplace accident
2006
2007
No of accident to/fro workplace
2008
2009
No of death accident
2010
31
What is your roles?
This image cannot currently be display ed.
Safety and health at work is the responsibility of every employer and

employee.
Cooperation between employers and employees is very important to
avoid any incident that threatens the safety and health at work
32
Fundamental of Accident
Prevention
33
Accidents Prevention Method

Method
C = H = Hazard identification
A = Analyse the risks
T = Take action
34
Hazard Identification
CAMKAN HAZARD (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION)

Identify and record where each hazard or potential hazard exists arising from
any type of work
Include all types of hazards i.e. physical, biological, chemical, psychosocial
For example: Employees who work at height might slips and fall down.
Employees who install electrical wiring, when contact to exposed cable will get
electrocuted.
35
Hazard Identification
Methods of identifying hazards

Observations & reference,
Documentation i.e. complaints, reports, proposals, records of accidents,
sick leave records, information from internet etc.
Systematic method i.e. HAZAN (Hazard Analysis)
Occupation health and safety audit
36
Analyse the Risk
ANALISA RISIKO (RISK ANALYSIS)

Simple analysis method - qualitative analysis involves a two-dimensional risk
matrix or 3-dimensional like JSA, HAZOP
Generic analysis method - based on the risk of others having the same system
Complex analysis method - for the quantitative analysis of complex systems
through certain method such as Principal Failure Analysis (Fault Tree Analysis)
Hybrid method - combining semi-quantitative as qualitative and quantitative
analysis Failure Mode & Impressions (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)
37
Take action
TINDAKAN (ACTION)
Right action, practical and appropriate for controlling risks arising from
hazards
Involve risk control hierarchy that consists of 2 main options:
Eliminate the risk, or
Accept hazard but reduces the level of risk
38
First control method
Control the source of the hazard by

ELIMINATION
- Remove the hazard from the workplace
- Do not perform unsafe act or dangerous practices
- Eliminate harmful equipment, processes, machinery,
equipment or hazardous materials
39
Second control method
Control the source of the hazard by

SUBSTITUTION
- Substitute materials, equipment, machines with less
dangerous and safer items
- Do the same job with safer procedure/method
40
Third control method
Hazard control by ISOLATION

- Hazard isolated, contained or kept away from workers
- Hazard kept away through engineering controls such
as the installation of a dividing wall, barrier or security
fence
- Lock off / interlocking system
41
Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL

- Modification & Redesign
- The work, machinery or processes can be redesigned
to make them safer.
42

- Automation
- Dangerous process can be automated or mechanized.
For example, computer-controlled robots can handle spot
welding operations in car assembly plants. Precautions
should be taken to protect workers from the hazards of
robotics.
43

- Barriers
- Hazard can be blocked before it reaches workers.
For example, guard/barriers protect workers from contact
with moving parts.
44

- Absorption
- Baffles can block or absorb noise.
Typically, the most effective baffles is the one that keep the
most distance between the hazard and human
45

- Dilution
- Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated.
For example, the ventilation system can dilute the toxic gas
before it reaches the operator.
Add water
46
Fifth control method
Hazard control by ADMINISTRATION CONTROL

- Signboard
- Signboard warning or prohibition of a hazard
- Signboard rules or safe work
- OSH promotion
- OSH promotion by conducting awareness programs
such as OSH, OSH day celebrations, etc.
47

-
Safe work procedures

- Employees are required to use safe work procedures when
executing the works.
- Employers are expected to ensure that employees comply
with safe work procedures. Safe work procedures should be
periodically reviewed and constantly updated.
Supervision and training

- Initial training on safe work procedures and refresher
training should be provided. Appropriate regulation to help
workers identify hazards and assess the possible procedures.
48

Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the time workers are exposed
to hazards. For example, employees working in a given period is limited to work
involving ergonomic problems to prevent cumulative trauma injuries. Noise
process can be scheduled when no one is at work.
Housekeeping program and hygiene (cleanliness) in the workplace, repairs
and maintenance
Housekeeping at work including cleaning, waste disposal and clean-up after the
completion of a job. spill.
Hygiene practices can reduce the risk of toxic substances absorbed by workers
or taken home to their families. Street clothing should be stored in separate
lockers to avoid being contaminated by work clothing.
49
Last control method
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
50
Job Safety Analysis
- Systematically proactive measures to prevent

accidents by identify hazards for each step / activity
assignments
- Use principles SREDIM (select, record, examine,
Develop, install & maintain)
- A basis for the formulation of safety policy, safe
systems of work or safe work procedures that can be
used in the field of training (ie courses or OJT)
- Important factors to consider when forming JSA is
- Accident frequency and severity level
- New or rarely performed work.
51
Job Safety Analysis
Select the work\process

Break into small significant
activities
Normally, 10 steps is okay
Observe and analyze in detail

potential hazard in each activities
Hazard category
Develop control measures as per

hierarchy
Establish safe systems of work and
safe working instruction
Review the continually
52
Job Safety Analysis

TUGASAN: Menukar bulb lampu incandescent (mentol) jenis pin
AKTIVITI
1. Periksa suis lampu dalam
keadaan OFF
2. Tanggalkan bulb dengan
menekan sedikit bulb lampu
kedalam soketnya
HAZARD
1.1 kejutan elektrik
2.2 bulb meletup
2.3.kaca tajam
KAWALAN
1.1.1 Matikan suis utama DB dan guna pen ujian untuk
memastikan bekalan benar-benar putus
2.1.1 Pastikan suis dimatikan
2.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
2.3.1 Pakai saring tangan keselamatan
3 Tukar bulb lampu baru

3.2 bulb meletup
3.3.kaca tajam
3.1.1 Pastikan susi dimatikan

3.3.1 Pakai sarung tangan keselamatan
4. Nyalakan lampu (ON suis)

4.2 bulb meletup
4.1.1 Pastikan suis ditebatkan dengan sempurna

5. Discaj bulb lampu rosak ke

dalam bekas khas
5.1 bulb meletup

5.2.kaca tajam
5.1.1 Pastikan bulb dibuang kedalam bekas khas yang tak

mudah koyak dan diseal
5.1.1. Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
5.2.1 Pakai sarung tangan keselamatan
53
MODULE 1
Laws & regulations
54
Contents
Legislative requirement
OSHA
FMA
UBBL
CIDB
Others
55
FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT &

REGULATIONS
56
FMA 1967
Provision for control of OSH and welfare related issues in

the factory but focus on workers
Registration and inspection of machinery and all related
equipment. Covering most premises which operations
involving engineering and machinery operations EXCEPT:
Storing locomotives / vehicles where only cleaning activities,
cleaning and repairs.
Areas where only five or fewer employees whose work does not
involve the use of machinery
57
FMA 1967
Generally, the act:
Contains 11 regulations on OSH & 4 supported regulations

(administration, penalty & certification)
Registration of competent personnel,
Provision of maintenance and inspection & T&C of machinery and
installation
Endorsement for hazardous machinery
Certification for machinery installation
58
FMA 1967
Regulations relating to construction:
Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction Safety

(BOWECS) 1986
Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations 1970
Notification, Certificate Of Fitness & Inspection Regulations 1970
Fencing Of Machinery And Safety Regulations 1970
59
FMA 1967
Others are:
Steam Boiler And Unfired Pressure Vessel Regulations 1970

Electric Passenger And Goods Lift Regulations 1970
Persons-In-Charge Regulations 1970
Administration Regulations 1970
Certificates Of Competency Examinations Regulations 1970
Compoundable Offences Regulations 1978
Lead Regulations 1984
Asbestos Process Regulations 1986
60
Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection 1970

Provision for
Pursuant to Section 35 (1) required registration of BOWEC within seven
days from date of commencement, the regulation specify the forms that
must be used to notify the DOSH officer of a new occupancy of a
factory, the start of building work, the installation of certain machinery
and the notification of accidents and diseases
Describes the certificate of fitness that must be held for steam boilers,
unfired pressure vessel and hoisting machines
61
BOWECS 1986
Provision for
Safety of the construction which explains on the hazard and risk
emerge from construction and control measures
Detailing on concrete and structural work
Provision for constructions structures likes catch platform, chutes,
safety belts, ladders and scaffolds
Safety in constructions works likes demolition, excavation, manual
handling, piling, blasting and explosion
Safety of hand and power tools
62

Provision for
Safe means of access and safe place of employment, provision of edge
protection on floor openings and stairs (Regulation 7, 8)
All stairways and floors must be of good construction and properly
maintained; ladders must be of adequate construction and maintained
in a sound condition (Regulations 9 to 11)
Persons must be protected from falls of more than 10 feet by the use of
safety belts or ropes (Regulation 12)
63

Provision for
Adequate protection are necessary before working inside a confined space
(Regulation 13)
Flammable and dangerous liquids must be securely stored and precautions
taken against fire and explosion (Regulations 14 to 17, 21, 22)
Materials and finished goods must be securely stacked and stored
(Regulations 19, 20)
Specifications are laid down for cleaning of surfaces inside factory
(Regulation 23)
64

Provision for
Lighting, ventilation and climate requirements are all detailed (Regulations
24-29)
Working clothes and protective equipment (Regulation 32)
Welfare facilities such as toilets, drinking water, washing facilities and first
aid (Regulation 33 to 38)
65
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH ACT 1994 & REGULATIONS
66
INTRODUCTION
FMA 1967 is too prescriptive which overtime become

irrelevant and just covering mostly on workers involving
in manufacturing, mining & construction
OSHA 1994 more holistic with systematic and simpler
method to control the hazard and risk
67
OSHA 1994
Contains 67 section, 7 regulations & 2 orders

One stop center main act for OSH related issues
Duty of Care
So far as is practicable
Self-regulation
Welfare of the workers
Participation of all level
68
OSHA 1994
The purpose of the Act:
To ensure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work

against safety risks arising from work activities
Protecting other people and surrounding against health and safety
risks arising from the activities of persons at work.
Promote a safe work environment for people at work that are
tailored to their physiological and psychological needs.
69
OSHA 1994
Main provision:Section 15 Responsibility of employer
Ensure the safety and health of the workers are maintained

Ensure the working environment free from hazard or risk
Section 16 OSH polisy
Prepared, communicate and maintain the OSH policy according to act
Section 17 Responsibility of employers to the public or people other than
his employee
70
OSHA 1994
Main provision:Section 24 - Responsibility of Employee
To ensure the safety and health of yourself and others
Cooperation with employers for compliance with the Act

Section 29 - Appointment of OSH Officer
OSH officer appointed by resolution of OSH regulations
Section 30 - Establishment of Safety Committee
Establish and permit the Safety Committee to perform their roles effectively
Section 32 - NADOOPOD
A report on the accident and dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning / disease
to the authorities
71
OTHER RELATED ACTS
72
FIRE SERVICES ACT 1988
The provisions necessary for the Fire and Rescue Department

to function effectively and efficiently, to protect people and
property from the risk of fire and for purposes connected
therewith.
Contains 63 sections and 4 rules
Key provisions: Elimination of fire hazard
Requirements of fire fighting equipment
Certificate Requirements (Fire Certificate) - needs to CFO
73
UBBL 1984
Enforced by local government for each state

Details specifications for premises such as lighting, ventilation,
fire protection systems etc.
Issuance of certificate of fitness for occupation (CFO) when
provisioning requirements are met
74
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974
The provisions necessary to prevent, eliminate, control hazards

and risks that threaten the quality of the environment.
Intended to advise the Director-General to carry out his duties
with respect to the environment.
Contains 51 provisions and regulations 30 which includes
pollution, waste management, emissions banned substances etc.
75
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990
Provisions for the electrical installations and electrical equipment to

ensure the safety of the installation / equipment and also the people
involved.
Details for safety factors involving electrical works, and also
competent person who is authorized to perform electrical engineering
work
Electricity Regulations 1994 require the installation must be tested
and approved before use and should be maintained by a competent
person
76
CIDB 1994
Promotions and boost quality in the construction industry

Promote the use of standards and the development of
construction techniques and building materials
Accreditation of skilled workforce and site supervisor
Accredit and register the construction contractors as well as
suspend, terminate and re-registration the blacklisted company
77
MODULE 2
Preparing for Works
78
Contents
Introduction
Planning the work
Organizing the work
Notifying the site to HSE
79
Objective
To expose to the participant on the

preparation required before stating the
construction works
80
Introduction
To ensure that health and safety issues are planned, organized,

controlled, monitored and reviewed.
Everyone controlling site work has health and safety
responsibilities.
Ensuring that the proposed work is not going to put others at risk
requires planning and organization.
Planning for the entire duration of the project
81
Planning the work
Gathering as much health and safety information about the

project and the proposed site before work begins is important.
Sources of information include:
the client, the design team & contract documents;
contractors and consultants;
equipment and material suppliers; and
HSE guidance and standards.
82
Pre-inspection
Investigate the history of the site and its surroundings.

Inspect the site for any unusual features which might affect the work, or
how the work will affect others. Pay particular attention to:
asbestos or other contaminants;
overhead power lines and underground services;
unusual ground conditions;
public rights of way across the site;
nearby schools, footpaths, roads or railways; and
other activities going on at the site.
83
Work programme
When estimating costs and preparing the programme, consider any

particular health and safety hazards associated with the work.
Make sure suitable allowances have been made in the price.
The job will run more smoothly, efficiently and profitably if hazards
have been predicted, planned for and controlled from the outset.
Having to stop or reschedule work to deal with emergencies wastes
time and money.
84
Material/machinery safety
Inspect the machinery, plants, equipment to ensure suitability

Plan for the delivery of material, plant, equipment etc. and its storage area
Obtain health and safety information (MSDS, CSDS or manual). It may be
necessary to:
Get a specialist who is familiar with the necessary precautions;
Carry out an assessment of the health risks arising from substances
or equipment; and
act on your findings, e.g. by eliminating harmful substances where possible,
or by using a less hazardous method of work or providing training on the safe
use of the material or equipment.
85
Safe working methods
Discuss and ask the contractor on safe working practice

Identify potential hazards and risks that may arise from their works
Assess the exposure of hazard to others (public and other
contractors)
Establish safety measures
Emergency and rescue procedures
Training need analysis
PPE requirements
86
Organising the work
Manpower requirement
Experienced, background & trained worker
Subcontractor management
Monitoring and supervision
Safe working instruction to be communicated and understood
Coordination among the contractors
Work programme scheduling and organizing the jobs and
resources
87
Notify the authority
Subjected to Section 35 under Factories And Machinery Act

1967, every person who undertakes any building operations or
works of engineering construction shall notify to Department of
Occupational Safety and Health not later than seven days from
the commencement of construction activities.
The notification is exempted to the construction activities that
can be completed in a period less than six (6) weeks and does
not involve the use of machinery.
88
Authority concerned
Construction Industry Development Board

Contractor registration
Workers Safety Induction Course green card
Site registration and levy for contract sum above RM 0.5 M
Department of Occupational Safety and Health

Certificate of Fitness for machinery
Registration of on site batching plant
Appointment or termination of Safety Officer
89
Authority concerned
Department of Environment
Effluent discharge
Disturbance to nature
Local authorities - UBBL

Others BOMBA, Police or Health
90
MODULE 3
Setting up the Site
91
Contents
Site requirement
Facilities
Safety Plan
92
Objectives
At the end, participants would know:
Fundamental health and safety issues that required to be

addressed when setting up the site
93
Site Requirement
94
Site access
Activities in and out of the site must go through a

designated gateway.
Must be no barriers and is suitable for vehicles
and equipment in and out. Foreign routes for
pedestrians.
Safe access onto and around the site for people and vehicles.
Ensure vehicles can be kept clear of pedestrians at vehicle loading/unloading areas,
parking and maneuvering places and areas where drivers vision may be obstructed.
95
Workers safe passage
Worker walkway must be free from obstructions, have adequate light (50 lux) and signboards
Employees are not allowed to use the shortcut that expose them to danger.
* Rule 10 BOWEC - Access to Workplace
* Rule 20 BOWEC - Illumination of Passageways etc.
96
Site boundaries
HOARDING
Preventing unauthorized access / trespassers

Protecting the public from hazard from the site
Minimum height of 2 meters and not have any gaps or holes.
97
Facilities
98
Welfare facilities
The construction industry involves a lot of manual work and physical.

Welfare facilities should be provided so that the workers can reduce fatigue and
improve health in turn stimulate the job. Welfare facilities should be available are:
Clean water to drink
Place locker / break room
Preparation of food / dining
Sanitary / clean room

99
Waste area
Proper waste management at site

Designated area for temporary waste collection before shipping
out from the construction site
100
Storage
Tidy, floor clean and dry, free of tripping hazard or slippery condition.
When storing materials, ensure a safe load for the floor or racks
Maintain the work passage or emergency routes are not blocked
Ensure that building materials are not stored within 2 m of open space during
construction
101
Hazardous materials storage
Hazardous materials i.e. flammable liquid

should be stored separately from other
non-combustible materials and the storage
required special design.
Should have good air circulation.
The storage area of flammable materials must have adequate warning signs and no
smoking in the vicinity of 6 meters from it.
Flammable waste materials must be stored in special storage before being taken
out for disposal.
102
Illumination
Natural light is available for

people to see to do their work
and move about the site safely.
Provide sufficient illumination to
prevent accident
Installation of emergency lights for emergency purposes

Avoid working in dark place or insufficient brightness
103
Safety Planning
104
Safety Planning
Emergency procedures
Planning for an emergency
Fire safety
First aid
NADOOPOD
On site regulations
105
Emergency response plan should be established and maintained.

Be able to identify the potential for accidents and emergency
situations
Address the prevention of occupational safety and health risk
associated with them.
The plan should be made according to the size and nature of activity
based on relevant international standard.
106
The emergency procedures should:

(a) ensure that the necessary information, internal communication and
coordination are provided to protect all people in the event of an emergency at
the worksite;
(b) provide information and communication with the relevant authorities and the
neighbourhood and the emergency response services;
(c) address first aid, fire fighting and evacuation at construction sites; and
(d) provide relevant information and training to all members of the
organization, at all levels, including regular exercise in emergency response.
107
Planning for an emergency

6. Make the plan works
5. Delegate roles and

responsibility
4. The best plan that suit
the current work
3. Objective/scope of the plan
2. Review existing emergency plan
1. Perform HIRARC to identify immediate
dangers
108
Fire safety
Source of ignition:
-
From the air or

oxidizing
substances
Static electricity
Smoking
materials
Naked flame
Electrical
equipment
Hot surface
Flammable gases, liquids, solids

109
Fire safety
Classification of fires as per MS 1182:1990

Class A: Fires involving solid materials, usually of an organic nature, in which
combustion normally takes place with the formation of glowing embers.
Class B: Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids.
Class C: Fires involving gases
Class D: Fires involving metals.
Class E: Fires involving electrical.

110
Fire safety: means of giving warning

Set up an alert system
Periodically test the system to familiarize
Improvement to ensure the alert system is audible

and recognizable by the workers
111
Fire safety: means of escape
Is a structural means whereby a safe route(s) is provided for

persons to travel from any point in a building to a place of safety.
Escape route should not be obstructed , safest way to safer place,
and communicated to workers
In planning means of escape, three major elements to consider:
travel distances (or, alternatively, direct distances);
escape route and exit capacities;
the number of occupants for whom means of escape must be provided
112
Fire safety: means of fighting fire

Type of Fire Extinguishers
4 main fire extinguishers:
Water Class A
Foam Class A and B
Carbon dioxide Class B and E
Dry Chemical Powder Class A, B, C and E
113
Fire safety: means of fighting fire

How to Use the Fire Extinguishers
114
Fire safety
IN THE EVENT OF FIRE
Activate the emergency bell

Evacuate the area and foes to safer place
Call the fire brigade
Inform the person in charge (BOMBA) whoever trap in
the building
If emergency siren activated, RESPONSE IMMEDIATELY

even though it is a drill
115
First aid
Provide adequate and appropriate equipment, facilities and

personnel to enable first aid to be given to workers when needed.
Provision for first aid
First aid box should be located at potential hazardous place
First aid box equipped with enough equipment to cope with numbers of
workers
An appointed person for first aid for every 50 workers
Information communicated to workers on details of appointed person or first
and where to find them and easily recognizable.
Workplace more than 200 workers should provide properly

equipped first aid or treatment room.
116
First aid
In the event of accident at work place:

Alert the qualified first aider/doctor/ambulance
Pay attention to the surrounding and ensure the area is
safe
Isolate the source of accident and evaluate the situation
or condition of the victim. If possible, do not attempt to
move the victim
Check the breathing and heart beat. If bleeding, make
effort to stop the bleeding by pressing the injured area.
Ensure victim not shivering and motivate the victim.
Do not remove any evidence.
117
Reporting the accidents
Under the OSHA 1994 and NADOOPOD 2004

regulations
Whoever in control at site has obligation to
report any incidents or accidents based on
details as prescribed in regulations
Generally, immediately report on accidents,
dangerous occurrences, occupational
poisoning & occupational diseases to
authorities.
118
On site regulations
Every workplace has specific regulations for safe work.

In form of written - includes all operations especially those involve in high
risks as working at heights, excavation, confine space and so on.
119
Signage
120
Signage
121
Signage
122
Signage
123
MODULE 4
Construction Phase
124
CONTENTS
Overview of Construction Safety
Stage 1: Infrastructure Work
Stage 2: Substructure
Stage 3: Super structure
Stage 4: Finishing works
General requirements
125
Overview of Construction Safety

126
10 common accidents
Physical
Health
1. Falls incl. from height
1. Asbestos
2. Mobile plant
2. Manual handling
3. Falling objects & collapse
3. Noise &vibration
4. Electrical accidents
4. Chemicals
5. Trips
127
Survey work
Site clearing
Logistic mobilisation of materials, machine, man etc.
Earthwork
Service relocation work
Confined space
Demolition
128
Stage 1: Survey work
129
Stage 1: Survey work
SURVEY WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. BITTEN/STUNG
1. SWOLLEN
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT
2. BACK PAIN
3. FALLS
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. WILD ANIMAL OR INSECTS
1. INSECT REPELENT CREAM
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS
2.PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING
3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING ETC
4. SUN RADIANCE
130
Stage 1: Site clearing
131
Stage 1: Site clearing
SITE CLEARING
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. PHYSICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. BITTEN/STUNG
1. SWOLLEN
2. MACHINERY OVERTURN
2. INJURY
3. FALLS
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
2. UNEVEN @ UNSTABLE GROUND
2. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE
4. JOB ROTATION ETC
132
Stage 1: Earth work
133
Stage 1: Earth work
EARTH WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. PHYSICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. EXTREME WEATHER
1. ILL HEALTH
2. INJURY
3. SLIP, TRIP OR FALLS
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
2. UNEVEN/UNSTABLE/SOFT GROUND
2. STABILISED THE GROUND, LEVELING
4. SUN RADIANCE
4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
134
Stage 1: Service relocation work
135
Stage 1: Service relocation work
SERVICE RELOCATION WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. INJURY
2. ENBANKMENT COLLAPSE
2. INJURY, DEATH
3. SLIP, TRIP & FALLS
3. INJURY
4. UTILITIES DAMAGE
4. UTILITIES BREAKDOWN
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNEVEN GROUND
1. STABILSED THE GROUND
2. SOFT/UNSTABLE SOIL
2. STABILISED SOIL, SUPERVISION
3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING, COMPETENCY
4. EXCAVATION
136
Stage 1: Confined space
OKSIGEN > 23% (oxygen richness) cause flammable

materials or liquids easily caught fire
When Oxygen < 19.5% oxygen deficiency causing
dizziness and faint/unconcoius
137
Why confined space is dangerous place
Closed manhole/sewage tunnel for a long period accumulate

toxic gaseous or flammable gaseous likes hydrogen sulfide,
ammonia, methane or else.
Also contaminated
Sometimes, toxic
due to leaks of
materials/substances/
tanks or pipelines
H2 S
wastes were illegally
containing toxic
dump into the sewage
materials which
lines or manholes.
seep through the
sol to the sewage
CH4
lines or manhole.
138
Prior to confined space works, obtain permit from relevant

authorities and ensure the site has been inspected by
competent person and approved to enter.
139
CONFINED SPACE
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
4. ERGONOMICS
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. SUFFOCATION
1. FAINT/DEATH
2. ELECTROCUTION
2. INJURY, DEATH
3. SLIP, TRIP, FALLS
3. INJURY
4. INHALATION OF TOXIC GASEOUS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS/DEATH
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. RESPIRATORY FAILURE
1. ADEQUATE VENTILATION, GAS DETECTOR
2. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION/CABLE
2. CABLE DETECTION, PTW APPROVAL
4. TOXIC GASOUES
4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT, SCBA
140
PPE confined space
Fresh air
??
O2
??
O2
??
O2
O2
If the concentration still hazardous, the workers shall wear proper

PPE likes respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
141
Equipment used for confined space entry
142
Stage 1: Demolition
Done by competence person or company registered with

authorities
Method of demolition is depending on design and construction
of the building
Prior to work, approval from relevant authorities
143
Stage 1: Demolition
DEMOLITION
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. HIT BY FLYING OBJECT
1. INJURY
2. ERGONOMICS
2. BACK PAIN
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
5. FALL FROM HEIGHT
5. INJURY DEATH
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. FLYING OBJECT/DEBRIS
1. ISOLATION, NETTING
2. JOB ROTATION, PROPER EQUIPMENT
4. SUN RADIANCE
144
Remove fragile object such as glasses and

disconnect gas pipelines, electricity, water
Sufficient warning sign and ensure proper
communication to stakeholder especially public
Get consent from relevant authorities
Thorough inspection of the structures of the building
to be demolished.
Supervised and monitor by competent person during
the works
Where practicable, works only on approved platform
design for the work
Obey safe procedure working at height
145
Foundation works
Piling work safety
Concreting work safety
Welding and cutting work safety
146
Stage 2: Piling work
147
Stage 2: Piling work
PILING WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. NOISE AND VIBRATION
1. HEARING PROBLEM, DEAFNESS
2. GROUND FAILURE
2. INJURY, DEATH
3. FALLS
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. NOISE
1. ISOLATION
2. SOFT GROUND, UNSTABLE
2. SOP, SUPERVISION
3. OPENING, EXCAVATION
3. SIGNAGE, PTW,
4. SUN RADIANCE
148
Stage 2: Concreting work
149
Stage 2: Concreting work
CONCRETING WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT
1. INJURY, DEATH
2. BACK PAIN
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNSAFE ACT, NEGLIGENT
1. SIGNAGE, RAILINGS, NETTING
3. HOUSEKEEPING
4. SUN RADIANCE
150
Stage 2: Welding and cutting
Gas cutting and welding

Oxy-acetylene
Electrical arc welding
151
WELDING AND CUTTING
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. FALLING OBJECT
1. INJURY
2. SMOKE, HARMFUL GASEOUS
2. RESPIRATORY PROBLEM
3. FIRE & EXPLOSION
3. INJURY , DEATH
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. NEGLIGENT
1. HOUSEKEEPING, TOE BOARD
2. TOXIC GASOUES OF WELDING
2. VENTILATION, RESPIRATOR
3. WELDING EQUIPMENT
4. SUN RADIANCE
3. SOP, SUPERVISION
4. PPE WELDER MASK, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
ETC
152
Ensure work place well ventilated

Ensure work place or surrounding free from flammable or
combustible materials
If arc welding, emergency cut off located at reachable distance
All the equipment are inspected and free from defect.
Stand by extinguishment equipment in case of fire
153
Gas cylinder stored upright and in special secured cage with

good ventilation
Keep distance gas cylinder storage from occupied place and
flammable materials
Isolate and label empty cylinder
Do not store cylinder in confined space or under ground store
or enclosed place.
154
Scaffolds
Temporary structure
Chutes
Catch platform
Ladder safety
Lifting Operations
Passenger Hoist
Lifting crane
155
Stage 3: Scaffolding
Sebuah platfom sementara yang tinggi bagi

membantu melaksanakan sesuatu kerja
156
Stage 3: Scaffolding
157
Stage 3: Scaffolding safety
The scaffolding should be designed, erected, modified, maintained

and dismantled by ONLY competent and skilled worker which
supervised by competent personnel.
Mandatory requirement to inspect and approve the scaffolding once in
a week or after bad weather (rains, heavy storm etc) and such
inspection should be recorded.
Safety of scaffold depending on:
Erection comply with manufacturers OEM, specification, code of
practice and done by skilled and competence workers
158
The in and out pathway is safe
Stage 3: Scaffolding tag
159
Static scaffold should not be more than 15 m & mobile not

more than 9.6 m or 12 m if secured to fixed structure.
Minimum size for wheel of mobile scaffold is 5 inches and
properly secured on level ground and locked before
working.
Do not move/push the mobile while people or materials still
on top
Mechanically push or pull the scaffold is not recommended
160
No gap more than 1 between platform.

Platform more than 2 meter should install guard rail high about 1
meter from platform and toe board min 6 inches high.
Calculation and endorsement for scaffold more than 40 m high for
tubular and 15 m for other types
Structure strengthening required for loading bay or storage bay
and safely blockaded with guard rail and toe board
161
Stage 3: Scaffolds & Formwork
SCAFFOLDS AND FORMWORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMICS
3. BIOLOGICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. FALLING OBJECT
1. INJURY
2. ELECTROCUTION
2. INJURY DEATH
3. COLLAPSE
3. INJURY , DEATH
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. NEGLIGENT
1. HOUSEKEEPING, TOE BOARD
2. ELECTRICAL
2. EARTHING, CHECK THE POWERED EQPT ETC
3. UNSTABLE STRUCTURE
4. SUN RADIANCE
3. SOP, COMPETENCY, INSPECTION

4. PPE WELDER MASK, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
ETC
162
Stage 3: Fall prevention method
Personal Fall
Arrest System
(PFAS)
Guardrails
Safety netting
163
Stage 3: Fall prevention method
164
Temporary structure
Use of approved chute

for waste removal for
height more than 6 m
Barricade, isolate or
fence off the collection
area
165
Temporary structure
CATCH PLATFORM
Construction waste that falls can be arrested by the use of catch

platforms.
Catch platforms should be cleaned daily to avoid the overloading
which will cause it to collapse.
166
Stage 3: Ladder safety
Straight ladder or access ladder for accessing to

and from a space or place
Step ladder for performance of work
167
Set the ladder on a flat and firm

ground
Do not work on the stairs in front
of a closed door
Tie the ladder at the top and
bottom in the absence of helper
Stairs must have a height of 1m
above the landing (roof & height)
Use the principle of 1:4
168
LADDER SAFETY
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. FALL FROM HEIGHT
1. INJURY
2. BODY PAIN
3. FALLING OBJECT
3. INJURY
4. AWKWARD POSTURE
4. BODY PAIN
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNSAFE ACT, NEGLIGENT
1. PROPER TRAINING, LADDER INSPECTION
3. UNSAFE ACT
3. SUPERVISION, SAFE WORK PROCEDURE
4. AWKWARD POSTURE
169
Stage 3: Passenger Hoist
Hoist must be installed or dismantled by trained and

competence person
Only operate approved hoist
The hoist should be operated by trained hoist operator
Hoist must be equipped with 'fall arrester' and 'over-run', in
place of 2m high fence out and the safe working load as shown
170
in the hoist.
Stage 3: Passenger Hoist
PASSENGER HOIST
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. FALL FROM HEIGHT
1. INJURY
2. PINCHED/STUCK IN BETWEEN
2. INJURY
3. FALLING OBJECT
3. INJURY
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNSAFE LIFTING DEVICES
1. CERTIFIED LIFTING DEVICES
2. NEGLIGENT
2. PROPER TRAINING, SOP
3. NEGLIGENT
3. SAFE WALKWAY, OVERHEAD PROTECTION

4. SIGNAGE
171
Stage 3: Lifting crane
A crane is equipment that be able to lift up or down

or transfer loads using its long boom
Type found at site:
Crawler crane
Mobile crane
Tower crane
172
Risks associated with crane
173
Loads
Load calculation basing on materials delivery note

Ensure calculation is right and should be done by competent
person
Ensure the loading capacity within acceptable range of the
crane
Load capacity depending on
Ground condition & surface condition
Wind direction
Other loads
Cable, sling and other lifting equipment
Ensure the crane operator know:
Load capacity
Scope
Lifting procedure
174
Accident involving crane
IMBALANCE LOADS
175
Stage 3: Lifting crane
LIFTING CRANE
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. FALLING OBJECT
1. INJURY
2. CRANE FAILURE
2. DAMAGE PROPERTY, INJURY, DEATH
3. GROUND/FOUNDATION FAILURE
3. DAMAGE PROPERTY, INJURY, DEATH
4. COMMUNICATION FAILURE
4. MISPLACE, ACCIDENT
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. HUMAN/MECHANICAL ERROR
1. APPROVED CRANE,
2. LIFTING/RIGGING SOP
3. SOFT/UNSTABLE SOIL
3. PROPER CRANE HANDLING
4. INCOMPETENT, HUMAN ERROR
4. TRAINED OPERATOR
176
Roofing work
Insulation & cladding work
Electrical safety
Testing and Commissioning
177
Stage 4: Roofing work
Risk associated with working on the roof
Falling from roof

Falling when stepping onto rotten roof
Fall from stair or scaffolding
Lightning strike when bad weather
178
179
ROOFING WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. INJURY, DEATH
2. FALLING OBJECT
2. INJURY, DEATH
3. STRIKE BY LIGTHNING
3. INJURY, DEATH
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. FALL PROTECTION, WARNING SIGN
2. INSECURED, HUMAN ERROR
2. TRAINING
3. LIGTHNING
3. SOP, SAFE WORKING INSTRUCTION
4. SUN RADIANCE
180
Stage 4: Painting
181
Stage 4: Painting
PAINTING
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. ERGONOMICS
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. INJURY
2. FALLING OBJECT
2. INJURY
3. AWKWARD POSTURE
3. BODY PAIN
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
1. FALL PROTECTION, SIGNAGE
2. UNSAFE ACT
2. TRAINING, SUPERVISON
3. REPEATITIVE MOVEMENT
4. SUN RADIANCE
182
Stage 4: Plastering
183
Stage 4: Plastering
PLASTERING
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. ERGONOMICS
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. INJURY
2. FALLING OBJECT
2. INJURY
3. AWKWARD POSTURE
3. BODY PAIN
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
1. FALL PROTECTION, SIGNAGE
2. UNSAFE ACT
2. TRAINING, SUPERVISON
3. REPEATITIVE MOVEMENT
4. SUN RADIANCE
184
Stage 4: Electrical safety
Electrical energy is hazard that is
Unseen
No smell
Quiet
Electrical energy flow thru

conductor
Metal
Water
Human body
Object non conductive (insulation) wood, plastic, glass,

rubber etc
185
Basic safety precaution in electrical is important when

performing electrical work. Hazard from electrical
Electrocuted
Fire
Electric static
Explosion
Two main protection from electricity: Protection from direct contact insulation
Protection from indirect contact earthing
186
The degree of electrocution

depending on:
Flow of current in body
Amount of current enter the
body
Period of exposure
187

AMOUNT OF
CURRENT
SEVERITY / CONSEQUENCES
< 1 mA
NO HARM
1-8 mA
SLIGHTLY SHOCK, BUT NOT SO HURT AND MIGHT TEMPORARY LOOSE MUSCLE
CONTROL
8-15 mA
PANTFUL SHOCK EFFECT, HAZARD RELEASE BY ITSELF
15-20 mA
PAINFUL SHOCK EFFECT, THE HAZARD CAN NOT BE RELEASED ON ITS OWN AND
LOSS OF MUSCLE CONTROL
20-50 mA
PAINFUL; SEVERE CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES AND DIFFICULTY IN

BREATHING
100-200 mA
VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION WHICH IS A HEART CONDITION THAT CAN RESULT

IN DEATH
> 200 mA
SEVERE BURNS AND SEVERE CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES, CAUSING THE

MUSCLES IN THE CHEST COMPRESS THE HEART AND CAUSE CARDIAC ARREST
(DEATH)
188
ELECTRICAL WORK
JOB SCOPE:
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
WORKPLACE HAZARD
RISKS
1. ELECTROCUTION
1. INJURY, DEATH
2. SHARP EDGE
2. BACK PAIN
3. TRIP, SLIP OR FALLS
3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS
4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
CONTROL MEASURE
1. ELECTRICITY
1. LOCKOUT TAG OUT PROCEDURE
3. GOOD MANUAL HANDLING & HOUSEKEEPING
4. SUN RADIANCE
4. SOP, TRAINING AND COMPETENCY ETC
189
FUSE
MCCB
MCB
HRC FUSE
ELCB / RCCB
CUT OUT FUSE
190
Hand power tool safety

Road traffic management
Working over water
Permit to Work
191

Section 147 153 BOWEC Hand & Power Tools
192

Well maintained
Right tools
Inspect before use
Follow instruction
Right PPE
193

Do not use defective
tools
Must have protection or
guarding
194

Use according to the capacity
specified by the manufacturer
Wear appropriate PPE - gloves
and safety shoes
Store in a dry place
Precautious if working in a
humid place
Ensure sufficient light
195
Use of modified tool grinder
196
Traffic management
Work system should be planned carefully so as not to

endanger road users and workers themselves.
Accidents can happen to other users as a result of broken
machinery or vehicles site if negligent.
197
Traffic management
Local authorities and the police
should be contacted to determine if
the right job path should be closed
and traffic control systems such as
temporary traffic lights and clear
signage should be used to control
the flow of traffic
Traffic Signal Manual must be used to determine the needs
and size of the safety zone signal is necessary.
198
Working over water

Working over the water surface
exposes the workers to risk of
drowning or swept away when fall
into the water.
Safety precautions must be observed
so that the employee is not dropped
or pushed into the water.
Determine the employee can be
saved in the shortest period if they
fall into the water.
199
Working over water

Helmet and non slippery
safety boot shall be
wearing all time
Workers shall wears
floatable safety jacket
200
Working over water
When working on swift currents, run the rope or net across the surface
of the water on the downstream side of all workplace locations and
equipped with floats or other tools that can help the employee to float
during emergency.
The line must be tied to a solid structure at each end.
201
Working over water

A platform must be
built properly and
equipped with retaining
bar and toe-board
around.
Safety nets will catch
fallen worker which
then can be rescued by
boat.
Rescue Line (grab lines) should be placed with
some distance (reachable distance) to the
202
structure or platform.
Permit To Work
PTW system is a formal written system used to

regulate certain occupations that have been
identified to possess potential hazards and risks
and also one of the means of communication
between employers (who create jobs & Hazard)
and employees.
Based on the definition by the International
Association of Oil and Gas Association (OGP) in
the Guidelines in PTW system, serial Report
6.29/189; published in January 1993
203
Objective of PTW
To avoid or reduce the risk of a serious accident or

incident for the work to be carried out
To control and coordinate work activities
To provide a system of communication between the end
users or employers with subcontractors
Evidence or record of evidence
204
Characteristic of PTW
A formal written system detailing on working, attached with

HIRARC or similar
A form of safe work instructions
Ensure that all elements of the work system are adhered to
Clearly identifies the responsibilities of each person
involved
The involvement of all relevant parties, including
contractors
Ensure everyone is trained
A checking mechanism (check & balance)
205
Example of PTW
Hot work such as welding, gas cutting, etc

Electrical works
Working with hazardous materials
Confined space
Working over/in the water
Handle radioactive materials and explosives
Lifting heavy materials etc.
...........SO ON...
206
Type of PTW

Hot work Permit

General Work Permit i.e. Cold Work
Electrical Work Permit
Radiation Work Permit
Pressure Testing Permit
Lifting Permit
Blasting Permit etc
207
Procedure of PTW
208
THE END
Thanks you
209

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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Module 1: Occ. Safety and Health management and the law

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Management of OSH at site

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Make compulsory as stated in Section 15, general

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH MS 1722: Policy

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH MS 1722: Policy

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH MS1722: Organising

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

In organising stages: Assign responsibility, accountability and

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

OSH MS1722: Planning & Implementation

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OSH MS1722: Evaluation

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

The company should evaluate the

Performance monitoring and measurement

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

OSH MS1722: Action for Improvement

Recommend and perform preventive and

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Terminologies related to hazards, risks and accidents.

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Definition of Hazard, Risk and

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Fallen from height

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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

exposure with specified period or in specified

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

exposure with specified period or in specified

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Eyes hit by flying

Eye injury or blind

Working at height Fall from height

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION