Automotive brake systems has been later for over 110 year and has become extremely

dependable and efficient. That brake system constitutes an integral part of automobile. It is
allows the driver to slow or stop vehicle and prevents a motionless vehicle from moving. Failure
of an automobile brake system was lead to accident, physical injury or even loss of an individual.
In recent years, brake systems have undergone tremendous changes in terms of performance,
technology, and safety. In now day, anti-lock braking systems (ABS) is more or less standard.
Modern ABS versions not only prevent wheel lock under braking, but also by electronic means
control the front-to-rear brake bias. This purpose depending on its definite capacity and
achievement, is known as electronic brake force distribution (EBD), , urgent situation brake
assist or electronic stability control system.
an additional technical step modify can be estimated with the emergence of the brake-by-wire
equipment. At first, most brake system use mechanically actuate drum brakes with on the inside
increasing shoes; i.e. the bottom pressure exert on the brake handle was carried directly to curved
brake shoes by a system of elastic cable The mechanical brakes, were difficult to keep adjusted
so that equal braking force was applied at each wheel. Furthermore, as vehicle weights and
speeds increased, more and more effort on the brake pedal was demanded of the driver.

Consequently, mechanical brakes are replace by hydraulic brake systems. The hydraulic brake
system used in the automobile in a multiple piston system. The brake pedal is connected to a
plunger in the master cylinder, which forces hydraulic oil through a sequence of tubes with hoses
to the braking unit at each wheel. In a disk brake, the brake fluid from the master cylinder is
forced into a calliper where it presses against a piston. The piston press two brake pads against
the brake disc, which are attach the wheel, forcing it to slow down or discontinue. With drum
brakes, the brake fluid is forced into the wheel cylinder, which push the brake pad outwards so
that the friction lining are pressed next to the drum. In either case, the resistance surfaces of the
brake pads replace the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle keen on heat up.

For increased safety modern car brake systems are broken into two circuits, i.e. a typical master
cylinder include actually two completely disconnect master cylinders in a single housing, each
servicing two wheels. In order to improved control the braking method further valves are
necessary. Many cars are equipped with drum brakes on the rear wheels and disc brakes on the
front.