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LNGUA PORTUGUESA
Interpretao de texto: verbal e no verbal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

01

Sinnimos, antnimos e parnimos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12


 . . . . . . . . . . .
12
s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46

Colocao pronominal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49

Concordncia verbal e nominal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50

Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55

Crase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61

Gabarito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63

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/HV}HV&RUSRUDLVDUWLJR                                      
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'R,QTXpULWR3ROLFLDODUWVD                                  
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'RV,QGtFLRVDUW                                           
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/HL&RPSOHPHQWDUQ                                      

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9LWLPRORJLD                                                      
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'HILQLo}HVHREMHWLYRV                                                
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UHDVGHDWXDomRGD&ULPLQDOtVWLFD                                      
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3UHVHUYDomRGHORFDLVGHFULPH                                         
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/$QWURSRORJLDIRUHQVH                                                       
/7UDXPDWRORJLDIRUHQVH                                                     
/6H[RORJLDIRUHQVH                                                         
/7DQDWRORJLD                                                              
/7R[LFRORJLD)RUHQVH                                                       

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Esta Apostila foi elaborada rigorosamente de acordo com o Programa Oficial do Concurso
Data da Edio:
Os smbolos, emblemas, distintivos e denominaes utilizados so meramente ilustrativos, no significando
apoio, colaborao, autorizao ou abono da respectiva Entidade,
e s foram empregados para bem identificar o Concurso a que se refere esta Apostila








04/12/2013

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NOES DE INFORMTICA
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^ ............................................................. 38
/
 ...................................................................................................... 80
 .......... 96

 ...................................................................................... 99
^/ ................................ 121
BATERIA DE TESTES ............................................................................................................... 139

Lngua Portuguesa
Sendo isso, apenas isso, torna-se inevitvel a reciprocidade do amor.

LNGUA PORTUGUESA
1.1 LEITURA
E INTERPRETAO
DE DIVERSOS
INTERPRETAO
DE TEXTO:
TIPOS DE
DE TEXTO
TEXTO
(LITERRIOS
NO LITERRIOS)
LITERRIOS
TIPOS
(LITERRIOS
EE NO
VERBAL
E NO VERBAL

Entendemos por texto, um conjunto de ideias expressas

atravs de frases, oraes, pargrafos; com um estilo prprio
e com uma estrutura prpria produzido por um certo sujeito. A
estrutura de um texto varia de acordo com sua natureza. H o
texto literrio e o no literrio.
TEXTO

Denotao
Conotao

Texto no literrio
Texto literrio

Claro, objetivo
Figurado, subjetivo,

informativo
pessoal

A solido do jovem , apesar do que se pensa em contrrio, real e frequente. Embora acompanhado sempre e em
constante movimentao, o adolescente cr que o mundo
dos adultos; e esses esto ocupados demais para ouvir os
seus pequenos devaneios. H uma busca disfarada de ateno e apoio, que s uns poucos percebem, e rarssimos
se apressam em atender. A condio do homem , em si
mesma, de confronto com a solido, de que ele est, do bero sepultura, sempre cercado.
A descoberta dessa realidade que no triste ou alegre,
mas simplesmente um fato ocorre na puberdade, e nem
sempre pacfica. Esse contato pode deixar um travo de
melancolia, quando no h apoio compreensivo de um adulto
que se estima e no qual se confia e que d a entender que
j passou por isso e sabe do que se trata, embora no tenha
uma resposta definitiva para os mistrios da vida. (Luiz Carlos
Lisboa - Jornal da Tarde)

O texto literrio expressa a opinio pessoal do autor que

tambm transmitida atravs de figuras, impregnado de
subjetivismo. J o texto no literrio preocupa-se em transmitir uma mensagem da forma mais clara e objetiva possvel.
Como exemplo, podemos citar uma notcia de jornal como
texto no literrio e um romance de Ea de Queirs ou Jos
de Alencar como exemplo de texto literrio.

O texto de Luiz Carlos Lisboa um texto no literrio,

porque disserta sobre um certo tema: a descoberta da solido
de forma objetiva, informativa, etc. Se tivesse dado ao tema
um tratamento potico, musical, lrico, por exemplo, seria um
texto literrio, pois usaria recursos literrios, tais como a rima,
as figuras de linguagem, a fico para expressar sua opinio
sobre a descoberta da solido.
A compreenso do texto pode ser feita da seguinte forma, chamada objetiva:

Compreender um texto levar em conta os vrios aspectos que ele possui, por exemplo, um texto ter aspecto moral,
social, econmico, conforme a inteno do autor; para ratificar esses aspectos o autor se utiliza de um vocabulrio condizente com sua inteno. Ento ... como compreender textos
em prova, se cada pessoa possui um modo especfico de ver
os fatos? A resposta no simples. No obstante o valor
subjetivo do texto, ele possui uma estrutura interna que
bsica e a qual garantir uma compreenso objetiva.
Compreender um texto no literrio perceber no texto a
opinio, a inteno do autor, onde ele pretende chegar com
aquele texto. Se o autor contra ou a favor de um certo
tema, quais os aspectos que o autor levanta. Nossa compreenso ser sempre a partir das informaes que o texto nos
oferece.
Observe o texto a seguir:
ainda Lorenz, na mesma obra, quem identifica a frustrao dos jovens face a uma educao que, em nome da compreenso, baniu a firmeza e a liberdade com responsabilidade. Noes confusas de psicanlise, vagos anseios libertrios, muita teoria e pouco conhecimento serviram para reforar uma tolerncia preguiosa que passou a se constituir em
padro de comportamento para pais e educadores.
Aquela frustrao nasce dessa atitude que Lorenz chama de "muro de borracha" dbil, indefinida e acovardada do
adulto diante do jovem, to nociva quanto a ao punitiva
sistemtica de antigamente.
Educar tornou-se, h muito tempo, uma arte esquecida.
No contato com o adolescente, o pai ou aquele que estima
algum como se pode estimar um filho - no projeta apenas
uma imagem, mas ele mesmo. Por obra do amor, verdadeiro, atento, esquecido de si, profundamente interessado.

1) Segundo o texto, os jovens:

a) So autossuficientes.
b) Vivem no mundo da lua.
c) Necessitam de apoio e compreenso.
d) Esto sempre muito ocupados.
2) De acordo com o texto, pode-se afirmar que o homem:
a) Sente solido durante toda a vida.
b) Est sozinho apenas no momento da morte.
c) Est sozinho apenas no momento do nascimento.
d) Nunca est completamente sozinho.
3) Com relao solido, o texto afirma que:
a) O homem fica triste ao descobri-la.
b) O homem a descobre durante a adolescncia.
c) O jovem a encontra por falta de apoio e compreenso.
d) O jovem a encontra porque no confia nos adultos.
4) Segundo o texto, o amor:
a) um problema irrelevante na vida agitada do jovem.
b) E uma expresso romntica, uma frase fora de moda.
c) uma atitude hbil e simptica em relao ao jovem.
d) um meio pelo qual os adultos podem compreender as atitudes dos jovens.
5) O texto afirma que:

Lngua Portuguesa
a) As geraes mais velhas s se preocupam em
transmitir os seus valores aos mais jovens.
b) Os jovens acham que o mundo est errado e querem destru-lo.
c) A energia e a generosidade dos jovens os levam a
querer reformar o mundo.
d) normalmente uma hipocrisia o fato de os jovens
quererem reformar o mundo.

cado equivalente; de outra feita, utiliza-se de expresses,

palavras com significados opostos, contudo todos esses
recursos tm uma inteno, usar o texto como veculo ou de
emoo, ou de crtica, de revelao, informao, etc.
Peguemos como exemplo o texto de Luiz Carlos Lisboa.
No texto, h blocos de significados que se equivalem e
que tm um certo significado luz do contexto dado.

6) "... dbil, indefinida e acovardada do adulto diante

do jovem." As palavras sublinhadas podem ser substitudas, sem modificar o significado do texto, por:

1 Atitude dbil (= louca) indefinida, acovardada equivale a

ao primitiva, sistemtica.
2 Muita teoria equivale a pouco conhecimento.
3 Solido real e frequente anloga acompanhado, constante movimentao.
4 Bero anlogo sepultura.

a) maluco, incoerente, medroso.

b) fraco, indeterminado, medroso.
c) idiota, indeterminado, inseguro.
d) alegre, estpido, nervoso.
7) No pargrafo "A solido do jovem , apesar do que
se pensa em contrrio, real e frequente.", a frase
sublinhada d uma ideia de
a) concluso.
b) condio.

1-C

2- A

c) concesso.
d) indefinio.
RESPOSTAS
3- B 4- D 5- A

Exemplos:

6- B

O autor, no primeiro bloco de ideias, torna equivalente a

atitude dbil, indefinida e acovardada diante do jovem ao
punitiva. Em um outro contexto tal equivalncia seria impossvel, pois a atitude de liberdade total, num primeiro momento
no tem relao alguma punio sistemtica. Contudo, num
certo contexto, as palavras assumem significados equivalentes ou no.

7- C

Para compreendermos o texto preciso descobrir sua

estrutura interna. Nela, encontraremos ideias bsicas e acessrias e precisamos descobrir como essas ideias se relacionam. As ideias bsicas giram em torno do tema central, de
uma ideia ncleo contida no texto, a ela somam-se as ideias
acessrias, que s so importantes, enquanto corroboradoras
da ideia central.
Por exemplo, a ideia bsica do texto a presena da
solido em nossas vidas, na opinio de Luiz Carlos Lisboa, a
ela somam-se outras ideias sobre a educao dos jovens,
sobre a psicanlise, sobre o amor que so acessrias, porque no tratam diretamente do assunto da solido, mas so
acessrias, pois colaboram para a compreenso da ideia
bsica, central.
Geralmente, um texto trata de uma ideia bsica acompanhada de vrias ideias acessrias. Se h ideias bsicas e
ideias acessrias como ocorre a inter-relao dessas ideias?
Muitas vezes, a tcnica usada a de explanao de ideias "em cadeia", ocorre a explanao da ideia bsica e a seguir o desdobramento dessa ideia nos pargrafos subsequentes a fim de discutir, aprofundar o assunto.
J no texto-exemplo de Luiz Carlos Lisboa vemos que ele
vai preparando a introduo da ideia bsica com as ideias
acessrias, como se estivesse criando um ambiente propcio,
numa preparao textual onde o clmax seria a ideia bsica: a
descoberta da solido. E um crescer de expectativas at
chegar ao cerne da questo.
1) Sentido oposto: significa a ideia contrria de uma palavra em relao a outra.
2) Anlogo ou Equivalente: dizer que uma palavra anloga outra, significa dizer que ambas tm semelhanas de
significados, so equivalentes.
Num texto, palavras, oraes, frases, expresses so
justapostas, colocadas lado a lado visando a uma inteno do
autor que produz o texto. Por vezes, usa palavras de signifi-

No segundo bloco, muita teoria equivale a pouco conhecimento, em outro contexto tais afirmaes seriam opostas,
contraditrias, contudo no texto-exemplo so equivalentes,
pois assumem um significado de "coisas vazias" diante da
descoberta da solido, ento mais uma vez temos um termo
com um significado especfico num dado contexto.
No terceiro bloco, solido real e frequente esto lado a
lado das palavras acompanhando em constante movimentao. No contexto, elas so compreendidas como anlogas,
equivalentes, mas j sabemos que num outro contexto so
palavras que se opem. S assumem sentido anlogo devido
ideia do autor, sua inteno de reforar a contradio, a
confuso em que vive o adolescente.
No quarto bloco, bero anlogo sepultura, luz da
compreenso do texto so palavras que se equivalem, que
esto lado a lado equiparadas a lugares que contm a solido que cerca a vida das pessoas. Em outros contextos so
palavras opostas, pois significam vida e morte, mas no textoexemplo tudo uma coisa s: lugar de solido.
A oposio bsica do texto :
O Mundo dos adultos ocupados oposto busca disfarada de ateno e apoio.
Onde adultos se ocupam com um mundo parte dos
anseios, carncias, dvidas dos adolescentes cercados de
solido. importante ressaltar que as oposies, as equivalncias, a compreenso de certos termos s acontecem em
contextos determinados, pois dependendo da inteno do
autor as palavras podero se opor, equivaler-se, assumir
significados especficos, ainda como exemplo, recorremos
expresso "muro de borracha" que poderia significar at um
brinquedo em risco para o fsico da criana, contudo no textoexemplo significa a atitude dos pais diante dos filhos "dbil,
indefinida e acovardada" sem limites, sem a educao que
norteia a vida.
O texto poder utilizar diversos recursos, tudo, no entanto,
estar subordinado ideia do seu autor.

Lngua Portuguesa
ESTRUTURA E ORGANIZAO DO TEXTO

O bicho
Vi ontem um bicho
Na imundcie do ptio
Catando comida entre os detritos
Quando achava alguma coisa,
No examinava nem cheirava:
Engolia com voracidade.
O bicho no era um co,
No era um gato,
No era um rato.
O bicho, meu Deus, era um homem.

DEFINIO DE TEXTO
O texto uma mensagem, isto , um fato do discurso:
uma passagem falada ou escrita que forma um todo significativo independentemente da sua extenso.
O texto forma um todo, que pode ser:
uma palavra: No, talvez, sim ...
uma frase: Antes tarde do que nunca.
algumas ou centenas de pginas: um livro, um relatrio, um
ofcio, etc.
A ESTRUTURAO TEXTUAL
Um texto se realiza por meio de uma seleo de seu
material lingustico, a compreendidas a seleo vocabular, a
seleo da frase e a seleo do modo de organizao discursiva, ou seja, a narrao, a descrio e a argumentao.
Cada um desses modos de organizao possui determinadas
regularidades que lhe so prprias, alm daquelas regularidades que esto acima dessas gramticas particulares, ou
seja, as regularidades gerais do texto.
A estruturao de um texto se faz exatamente entre o
esperado, ou seja, o respeito quelas regularidades do modo
de organizao a que pertence e a criatividade do autor.
Portanto, escrever sempre um processo de seleo:
seleo de vocbulos, seleo de estruturas sintticas, seleo de organizao das frases na composio do texto, seleo de um modo de organizao discursiva... tudo em busca
do que parece mais adequado s finalidades do autor do
texto.
TIPOLOGIA TEXTUAL
Os textos variam conforme as intenes do autor, podendo ser narrativos, descritivos, dissertativos. Porm, raramente
um texto construdo com as caractersticas de um s tipo. O
mais comum encontrarmos os vrios tipos em um s texto.
O TEXTO NARRATIVO

(Manuel Bandeira. Estrela da vida inteira.

Rio de Janeiro, Jos Olympio, 1973.)

Toda a narrativa tem um narrador: aquele que conta a

histria. Mas o narrador pode ser de dois tipos, conforme a
sua perspectiva em relao aos fatos narrados: 1 ou 3 pessoa.
No texto acima, a histria contada em 1 pessoa (eu):
Vi ontem um bicho. O narrador relata um acontecimento que
o impressionou: um bicho catando restos de comida. Note
que, no desenvolvimento do enredo, no sabemos de que
animal se trata. S no desfecho o narrador nos revela que o
bicho um ser humano.
A narrao, alm de ser uma das mais importantes possibilidades da linguagem, tambm uma das prticas mais
comuns de nossa vida. A narrao associa nossa observao
do mundo com nossa existncia, nossa memria e nossa
imaginao.
Estrutura do texto narrativo:
1) ENREDO
a narrativa propriamente dita, que pode ser linear ou
retrospectiva, cuja trama mantm o interesse do leitor, que
espera por um desfecho. Chama-se simplesmente de ao.
2) PERSONAGEM
a pessoa que atua na narrativa. Pode ser principal ou
secundria, tpica ou caricatural.

Leia este trecho de um texto narrativo:

3) NARRADOR (PONTO DE VISTA)

A escrava pegou a filhinha

Nas costas
E se atirou no Paraba
Para que a criana no fosse judiada.

Geralmente, classifica-se em:

a) narrador-observador: o autor conta a histria como observador que sabe tudo. Usa a terceira pessoa.
b) narrador personagem: o autor conta encarnando-se
numa personagem, principal ou secundria. Usa a primeira
pessoa.

(Oswald de Andrade. Poesias Reunidas.

Rio de Janeiro, Civilizao Brasileira, 1972.)

Nesse texto, o importante o fato, a ao, o acontecimento: a escrava se mata junto com a filhinha recm-nascida,
para salv-la da escravido.
Releia o texto e repare que no sabemos como era a
escrava, nem como era sua filha, nem como era o rio. Esse
trecho s atribui importncia ao acontecimento em si.
Narrar, portanto, consiste em construir o conjunto de
aes que constituem a histria o enredo e relacion-las
s personagens seres que praticam atos ou sofrem os
fatos.
Vejamos mais um exemplo de narrao:

4) AMBIENTE
o meio fsico e social onde se desenvolve a ao das
personagens. Trata-se do pano de fundo ou do cenrio da
histria.
5) TEMPO
o elemento fortemente ligado ao enredo numa sequncia linear ou retrospectiva, ao passado, presente e futuro,
com seus recuos e avanos. Pode ser cronolgico (quando
avana no sentido do relgio) ou psicolgico (quando medido pela repercusso emocional, esttica e psicolgica nas
personagens).

Lngua Portuguesa
6) DISCURSO

A ORDEM DA NARRATIVA

o procedimento do narrador ao reproduzir as falas ou o

pensamento das personagens.

Entende-se por ordem o registro de um fato ou detalhe de

cada vez. Vejamos um exemplo:

H trs tipos de discurso:

x

Discurso direto: caracterizado pela reproduo fiel da

fala do personagem. As falas so reproduzidas integralmente e, via de regra, introduzidas por travesso.
Numa estrutura tradicional de discurso direto, a fala do
personagem acompanhada por um verbo de elocuo (verbo que indica a fala do personagem: dizer, falar, responder, indagar, perguntar, retrucar, afirmar,
etc.), seguido de dois-pontos.
Alguns autores modernos dispensam o emprego dos
verbos de elocuo em favor de um ritmo mais veloz
da narrativa, assim como tambm os sinais de pontuao que introduzem e delimitam as falas (doispontos, travesso, aspas, etc.).

Chega a polcia.
E os invasores saem.
A polcia se vai.
Os invasores voltam. (Jornal da Tarde)
Nesta pequena narrativa, que serve de ttulo para uma
reportagem, o jornalista registrou fatos na ordem em que
aconteceram, ou seja, em sequncia cronolgica ou linear:
comeo, meio e fim.
Muitas vezes, o autor pode fugir do convencional, alterando essa linearidade. Isso ocorre com mais frequncia no texto
literrio, em que se trabalha artisticamente a lngua com a
finalidade de provocar emoes no leitor.
Vejamos alguns exemplos:
1) O narrador antecipa o final da narrativa:
No dia em que o matariam, Santiago Nassar levantou-se
s 5h30 da manh para esperar o navio em que chegava o
bispo. (Gabriel Garcia Mrquez)

Observe o exemplo:

No primeiro pargrafo, o narrador j conta o que aconteceu personagem.

(Maurcio de Sousa)

A fala nos quadrinhos normalmente apresentada de

forma direta, nos bales, sem interferncia de narrador. No
caso desta tira, Mnica e Cebolinha estabelecem um dilogo.
x

Discurso indireto: caracterizado pelo fato de o narrador se apropriar da fala do personagem, ou seja, a fala
do outro vem pelas palavras do narrador. No discurso
indireto, observamos a seguinte estrutura: verbo de
elocuo (que o ncleo do predicado da orao
principal), seguido da orao subordinada (a fala do
personagem complementa o significado do verbo de
elocuo: disse que...; pensou que...; desempenhando
a funo de objeto direto ou indireto), introduzida por
uma conjuno integrante (que, se).

Observe o exemplo:

2) O narrador faz referncia a um fato anterior, que o leitor

no conhece, procurando criar suspense. Leia a primeira
linha de um conto:
Ento a mosca voltou a atacar. Ningum dava nada por
ela. Se no mundo dos insetos j seria presa fcil, o que dir
na longa noite dos brontossauros. (Chacal)
Fazendo referncia a um fato que o leitor desconhece, o
narrador desperta a curiosidade de saber como e por que a
tal mosca atacava e voltou a atacar.
3) Antes de comear a contar a histria propriamente dita, o
narrador inicia o texto com uma fala da personagem, mostrando que ela est mesmo em desequilbrio com o meio:
Que peixe esse? Perguntou a moa com afetada
admirao. Foi na cidade de Curupuru, no Maranho. A moa
nascera ali mesmo, crescera ali mesmo mas voltara semana
passada de uma temporada de um ano, na capital do estado.
Ela agora moa de cidade, no conhece mais peixe, nem
bicho do mato, nem farinha de pau. Evoluiu.
Que peixe esse?
Os homens e as mulheres no responderam nada. Olharam-se uns aos outros com ar de enfado.(Ferreira Gullar)

O detento disse que (ele) no confiava mais na Justia.

Logo depois, perguntou ao delegado se (ele) iria prend-lo.
x

indireto-livre: consiste na fuso entre narrador e personagem, isto , a fala da personagem insere-se no
discurso do narrador, sem o emprego dos verbos de
elocuo (como dizer, afirmar, perguntar, responder,
pedir e exclamar).
Observe o exemplo:

Agora (Fabiano) queria entender-se com Sinh Vitria a

respeito da educao dos pequenos. E eles estavam perguntadores, insuportveis. Fabiano dava-se bem com a ignorncia. Tinha o direito de saber? tinha? No tinha.

O CICLO NARRATIVO
Nos textos essencialmente narrativos, predominam
frases verbais, que indicam um processo, uma ao.

as

A narrativa tem como ponto de partida uma situao inicial, que se desenvolve numa para chegar a uma situao final,
diferente da inicial:
situao inicial - o personagem est apresentado numa
determinada situao temporal e espacial;
desenvolvimento - apresenta-se o conflito, e a ao se desenvolve at chegar ao clmax e, em seguida, a um desfecho;
situao final - passado o conflito, o personagem apresentado em uma nova situao h claros indcios de transformao, de mudana em relao ao incio da narrativa.

Lngua Portuguesa
NARRATIVA FICCIONAL

O TEXTO DESCRITIVO

A palavra fico vem do latim fictio, que deriva do verbo

fingere: modelar, criar, inventar. Quando identificamos uma
narrativa como ficcional, observamos nela uma realidade
criada, imaginria, no real.
A narrativa ficcional fruto da imaginao criadora. Sempre mantendo pontos de contato com o real, recria a realidade. Baseando-se nela ou dela se distanciando. Se os acontecimentos narrados, se os personagens apresentados aproximarem-se muito da realidade a ponto de nos confundir, falamos que a narrativa verossmil (semelhante verdade), se
os acontecimentos e personagens se mostrarem absurdos,
absolutamente improvveis, falamos que a narrativa inverossmil (que no semelhante verdade).

Leia este trecho descritivo de Guimares Rosa:

Sua casa ficava para trs da Serra do Mim, quase no
meio de um brejo de gua limpa, lugar chamado o Temor-deDeus. O Pai, pequeno sitiante, lidava com vacas e arroz; a
Me, urucuiana, nunca tirava o tero da mo, mesmo quando
matando galinhas ou passando descompostura em algum. E
ela, menininha, por nome Maria, Nhinhinha dita, nascera j
muito para mida, cabeudota e com olhos enormes.
Voc observou que o trecho acima, apresenta caractersticas de ambiente e de personagens. Essa caracterizao
obtida por meio da descrio.

O texto a seguir um trecho de Alice no Pas das Maravilhas de Lewis Carrol, um exemplo de narrativa de fico em
que podemos observar um universo imaginrio.

Descrever detalhar uma cena, objeto, sentimento, personagens, destacando-lhe caractersticas peculiares, de
modo a passar ao leitor/ouvinte uma imagem o mais prxima
possvel daquela que temos em mente.

Alice no Pas das Maravilhas

H duas maneiras bsicas de descrever: objetiva ou subjetivamente.

Lewis Carrol

Na descrio objetiva, a realidade retratada com a

maior fidelidade possvel, no se emitindo qualquer opinio
ou julgamento. Leia, agora, as seguintes descries objetivas:
Os anticorpos so molculas de protenas que possuem
dois stios especficos de combinao com os antgenos.
Existem, em cada molcula de anticorpo, duas cadeias polipeptdicas leves e duas cadeias pesadas, ligadas entre si por
pontes de enxofre.

Captulo 1
Para baixo na toca do coelho

(Amabis e Martho)

O apartamento que comprei tem trs dormitrios sendo

uma sute , uma sala em L, dois banheiros, cozinha, rea
de servio e dependncias de empregada.
Alice estava comeando a ficar muito cansada de estar
sentada ao lado de sua irm e no ter nada para fazer: uma
vez ou duas ela dava uma olhadinha no livro que a irm lia,
mas no havia figuras ou dilogos nele e para que serve um
livro, pensou Alice, sem figuras nem dilogos?
Ento, ela pensava consigo mesma (to bem quanto era
possvel naquele dia quente que a deixava sonolenta e estpida) se o prazer de fazer um colar de margaridas era mais
forte do que o esforo de ter de levantar e colher as margaridas, quando subitamente um Coelho Branco com olhos corde-rosa passou correndo perto dela.
No havia nada de muito especial nisso, tambm Alice
no achou muito fora do normal ouvir o Coelho dizer para si
mesmo Oh puxa! Oh puxa! Eu devo estar muito atrasado!
(quando ela pensou nisso depois, ocorreu-lhe que deveria ter
achado estranho, mas na hora tudo parecia muito natural);
mas, quando o Coelho tirou um relgio do bolso do colete, e
olhou para ele, apressando-se a seguir, Alice ps-se em p e
lhe passou a ideia pela mente como um relmpago, que ela
nunca vira antes um coelho com um bolso no colete e menos
ainda com um relgio para tirar dele. Ardendo de curiosidade,
ela correu pelo campo atrs dele, a tempo de v-lo saltar
para dentro de uma grande toca de coelho embaixo da cerca.
No mesmo instante, Alice entrou atrs dele, sem pensar
como faria para sair dali. A toca do coelho dava diretamente
em um tnel, e ento se aprofundava repentinamente. To
repentinamente que Alice no teve um momento sequer para
pensar antes de j se encontrar caindo no que parecia ser
bastante fundo.
(...)

Na descrio subjetiva, a realidade retratada de acordo com o ponto de vista do emissor, que pode opinar e expressar seus sentimentos. Leia, agora, os seguintes trechos
descritivos:
Este Quincas Borba, se acaso me fizeste o favor de ler
as Memrias pstumas de Brs Cubas, aquele mesmo
nufrago da existncia, que ali aparece, mendigo, herdeiro
inopinado, e inventor de uma filosofia. Aqui o tens agora em
Barbacena. Logo que chegou, enamorou-se de uma viva,
senhora de condio mediana e parcos meios de vida, to
acanhada, que os suspiros do namorado ficavam sem eco.
(Machado de Assis)

O senhor sabe: serto onde manda quem forte, com

as astcias. Deus mesmo, quando vier, que venha armado! E
bala um pedaozinho de metal ... serto onde o pensamento da gente se forma mais forte do que o poder do lugar.
Viver muito perigoso.
(Guimares Rosa)

CARACTERSTICAS DA DESCRIO
caracteriza, por meio de imagens ou de palavras, seres e
lugares;
emprega adjetivos, locues adjetivas, verbos de estado e
oraes adjetivas;
emprega geralmente verbos de estado, normalmente no
presente e no imperfeito do indicativo;
estabelece comparaes;
faz referncias s impresses sensitivas: cores, formas,
cheiros, gostos, impresses tteis, sons.

Lngua Portuguesa
A ORDEM NA DESCRIO

O TEXTO DISSERTATIVO

A descrio um verdadeiro retrato com palavras. Na

descrio literria, o escritor procura ordenar as frases de
modo a obter um texto que prenda a ateno do leitor.
Os textos descritivos dificilmente aparecem isolados.
Geralmente, fazem parte de um texto maior, do tipo narrativo.
H vrias maneiras de montar a descrio, dependendo
da posio (ponto de vista) do observador em relao quilo
que est sendo observado. As principais so:
a) Do particular para o geral
Vejamos um exemplo:
A pele da garota era desse moreno enxuto e parelho das
chinesas. Tinha uns olhos grados, lustrosos e negros como
os cabelos lisos, e um sorriso suave e limpo a animar-lhe o
rosto oval, de feies delicadas. (rico Verssimo)

Leia este trecho de um texto dissertativo:

A fim de apreender a finalidade e o sentido da vida
preciso amar a vida por ela mesma, inteiramente; mergulhar,
por assim dizer, no redemoinho da vida; somente ento apreender-se- o sentido da vida, compreender-se- para que se
vive. A vida algo que, ao contrrio de tudo criado pelo homem, no necessita de teoria, quem apreende a prtica da
vida tambm assimila a sua teoria.
(Wilhelm Reich. A revoluo sexual. Rio de Janeiro, Zahar, 1974)

O texto expe um ponto de vista (a finalidade da vida

viver) sobre um assunto-tema (no caso, o sentido e a finalidade da vida). Alm de apresentar o ponto de vista do autor,
o texto faz tambm a defesa desse ponto de vista: os porqus, os motivos que fundamentam a opinio de que a prtica intensa de viver que revela o sentido da vida; de que a
vida no precisa de teoria e que se identifica com o prprio
processo de viver intensamente.
defesa do ponto de vista, organizao dos motivos
que o justificam, exposio dos fundamentos em que uma
posio est baseada, chamamos argumentao.

b) Do geral para o particular

Vejamos um exemplo:
A rua estava de novo quase morta, janelas fechadas. A
valsa acabara o bis. Sem ningum. S o violinista estava ali,
fumando, fumegando muito, olhando sem ver, totalmente
desamparado, sem nenhum sono, agarrado a no sei que
esperana de que algum, uma garota linda, um fotgrafo,
um milionrio disfarado lhe pedisse pra tocar mais uma vez.

Defender uma opinio com argumentos coerentes e adequados o aspecto mais importante do texto dissertativo.
Alm da argumentao articulada, a dissertao deve apresentar tambm uma linguagem clara e uma estruturao
lgica (com introduo, desenvolvimento e concluso).
Dissertar , atravs da organizao de palavras, frases e
textos, apresentar ideias, desenvolver raciocnio, analisar
contextos, dados e fatos.

DESCRIO POTICA
Na poesia, a descrio est marcada pela funo ftica,
apresentando imagens inusitadas que recriam seres e/ou
ambientes. Dificilmente encontraremos objetividade nas descries poticas, pois, a poesia est marcada pelo subjetivismo. Observe o exemplo:

A ESTRUTURA DO TEXTO DISSERTATIVO

A dissertao obedece seguinte estrutura:
Introduo

Retrato
a parte na qual se apresenta a ideia central do texto e o
enfoque que se pretende abordar.

Eu no tinha este rosto de hoje

assim calmo, assim triste, assim magro,
nem estes olhos to vazios,
nem o lbio amargo.
Eu no tinha estas mos sem fora,
to paradas e frias e mortas;
eu no tinha este corao
que nem se mostra.

Desenvolvimento
O desenvolvimento da dissertao apresenta os diferentes aspectos da ideia exposta na introduo. Alm disso,
nessa parte que ser feita a fundamentao da ideia que se
pretende discutir, atravs de exemplos, argumentos, dados
estatsticos, fatos histricos, causas e consequncias etc.

Eu no dei por esta mudana,

to simples, to certa, to fcil:
- Em que espelho ficou perdida
a minha face?

Concluso
a retomada da ideia apresentada na introduo, s que
enriquecida pela fundamentao dada no desenvolvimento. A
concluso sintetiza a ideia central do texto e pode acrescentar sugestes, ampliando a discusso do tema.

(Ceclia Meireles - Obra potica.

Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar, 1985.)

DESCRIO TCNICA

Veja como est estruturado o texto que segue:

Na descrio tcnica procura-se transmitir a imagem do

objeto atravs de uma linguagem tcnica, com vocabulrio
preciso, normalmente ligado a uma rea da cincia ou da
tecnologia.
o caso da descrio de peas e aparelhos, de experincias e fenmenos, do funcionamento de mecanismos, da
redao de manuais de instruo e artigos cientficos.

Pode-se distinguir os homens dos animais pela conscincia, pela religio ou por tudo que se queira. Mas eles prprios
comeam a se diferenciar dos animais to logo comeam a
produzir seus meios de vida, passo este que condicionado
por sua organizao temporal. Produzindo seus meios de
vida, os homens produzem, indiretamente, sua prpria vida
material.

Lngua Portuguesa
O modo pelo qual os homens produzem seus meios de
vida depende, antes de tudo, da natureza dos meios de vidas
j encontrados e que tm de reproduzir. No se deve considerar tal modo de produo de um nico ponto de vista, a
saber: a reproduo da existncia fsica dos indivduos. Trata-se, muito mais, de uma determinada forma de atividade
dos indivduos, determinada forma de manifestar sua vida,
determinado modo de vida dos mesmos. Tal como os indivduos manifestam sua vida, assim so eles. O que eles so
coincide com sua produo, tanto com o que produzem como
com o modo como produzem.

Observe como a autora organizou o texto dedutivamente:

As expectativas num namoro so, na maioria das vezes,
muito diferentes para meninos e meninas. (hiptese geral)
Enquanto a maioria dos rapazes est doida para beijar,
tocar a menina e ter o mximo de intimidade sexual que puder, ela geralmente est interessada em sair com ele, namor-lo, apreciar sua companhia. (fatos particulares que exemplificam a hiptese geral)
(SUPLICY, Marta. Sexo para adolescentes. FTD, 1988. p. 82)
A ENUMERAO PARA ORGANIZAR O TEXTO

O que os indivduos so, portanto, depende das condies materiais de sua produo.
(MARX, Karl. In: ARANHA, Maria Lcia de Arruda & MARTINS, Maria
Helena. Temas de filosofia. So Paulo, Moderna, 1992.)

Leia o texto seguinte:

PRAZERES

A estrutura desse texto bem definida: introduo (primeiro pargrafo), desenvolvimento (segundo pargrafo),
concluso (ltimo pargrafo).

O primeiro olhar da janela de manh

O velho livro de novo encontrado
Rostos animados
Neve, o mudar das estaes
O jornal
O co
A dialtica
Tomar ducha, nadar
Velha msica
Sapatos cmodos
Compreender
Msica nova
Escrever, plantar
Viajar, cantar
Ser amvel

A ORDEM NA DISSERTAO
Assim como na descrio podemos partir do geral para o
particular e vice-versa, a exposio de ideias na dissertao
admite o mesmo caminho.
Nesse caso, estaremos trabalhando com dois mtodos
bsicos de raciocnio: a induo e a deduo.
Chama-se induo ao raciocnio que se baseia na observao e elementos conhecidos, concretos (o particular), para,
por meio deles, chegar a uma concluso ou a uma hiptese
possvel sobre uma determinada ideia ou fato (o geral).
Observe como o jornalista Gilberto Dimenstein escreveu a
respeito dos jovens brasileiros vtimas de assassinato.
VIOLNCIA MATA MAIS ENTRE OS JOVENS
De cada 10 jovens brasileiros entre 15 e 18 anos mortos
no ano de 1993, 6 deles foram assassinados. A pesquisa
revela que, atualmente, o homicdio est em primeiro lugar
entre as causas da morte a juventude. A pesquisa foi feita
pelo CBIA (Centro Brasileiro para Infncia e Adolescncia),
rgo vinculado ao Ministrio do Bem-Estar Social.
Apesar da fragilidade estatstica e o aumento da conscincia dos governantes sobre a situao da infncia, os ndices de violncia continuam crescendo.
(Folha de So Paulo, 26 jun 1994. Caderno Especial: Brasil 95)

Particular: dados da pesquisa feita pelo CBIA.

(Bertolt Brecht. Poemas e canes. Coimbra, 1975)

Como foi organizado esse poema? Qual a sequncia de

ideias? Observe que o texto no buscou desenvolver o conceito de felicidade, mas apresenta os elementos capazes de
representar a felicidade.
Pela enumerao de acontecimentos, objetos, pessoas,
sensaes, sentimentos, atividades, o autor diz o que felicidade.
A enumerao uma tcnica das mais ricas para escrever livremente e constitui um dos importantes recursos utilizados na literatura, principalmente na poesia moderna. No
texto enumerativo empregam-se elementos que dificilmente
aparecem em redaes tradicionais: tomar ducha, sapatos
cmodos, por exemplo. A enumerao uma forma concreta
de escrever: consiste em listar coisas, fatos, lembranas,
emoes, desejos, sensaes de nossa vida, do dia-a-dia, da
nossa histria. Observe outro texto em que se emprega o
processo de enumerao:

Geral: os ndices de violncia continuam aumentando apesar

do aumento da conscincia dos governantes sobre o problema.
O tipo de raciocnio conhecido como deduo segue o
caminho inverso ao da induo. Portanto, no raciocnio dedutivo partimos do geral para o particular, do desconhecido para
o conhecido. Obedecemos, geralmente, aos seguintes passos:
1) formulamos uma hiptese abstrata, de carter geral;
2) fazemos uma relao de fatos e provas (elementos concretos, conhecidos, observveis): o particular;
3) podemos ou no colocar uma concluso que confirme a
hiptese geral.

OS DOIS LADOS
Deste lado tem meu corpo
tem o sonho
tem minha namorada na janela
tem as ruas gritando de luzes e movimentos
tem meu amor to lento
tem o mundo batendo na minha memria
tem o caminho pro trabalho.
Do outro lado tem outras vidas vivendo da minha vida tem
pensamentos srios me esperando na sala de visitas
tem minha noiva definitiva me esperando com flores na
mo,
tem a morte, as colunas da ordem e da desordem.
(Murilo Mendes. Poesia completa e prosa, Nova Aguilar, 1994)

Lngua Portuguesa
Esse poema uma espcie de autorretrato, que enumera
elementos de dois lados diferentes da personalidade e da
vida do eu-lrico.
Perceba que o texto foi organizado pelo processo de
enumerao. Primeiro temos os elementos de um lado e,
depois, os elementos do outro.

O texto apresentado possui:

a) narrador-observador
b) narrador-personagem
3) Em qual elemento bsico da narrao possvel obter
uma sequncia linear ou retrospectiva ao passado, presente
e futuro?

RECONHECIMENTO DA ESTRUTURA
Para continuar trabalhando a estrutura e organizao do
texto, vamos exercitar a leitura com o objetivo de identificar o
modo como ele foi ordenado.
No se trata de entender o contedo, mas reconhecer a
estrutura, a arquitetao do texto. O que podemos perceber a
respeito da estrutura do texto abaixo?

4) Indique a alternativa que possui o discurso indireto-livre:

a) Quando me viu, Pedrinho me chamou de lado e perguntou
se era verdade que eu sabia fazer milagres.

O amor finalmente
um embarao de pernas,
uma unio de barrigas,
um breve tremor de artrias.
Uma confuso de bocas,
uma batalha de veias,
um rebolio de ancas,
quem diz outra coisa besta.

(Fernando Sabino)

b) No quero discutir com a senhora. Mas tambm no

quero ver meu filho duvidando do prprio pai.
(Lus F. Verssimo)

(Gregrio de Matos. Poemas escolhidos. So Paulo, Cultrix)

O texto apresenta uma enumerao de definies de

amor. Cada uma destas definies est organizada de modo
a apresentar uma parte do corpo. No final, um comentrio
jocoso encerra a sequncia.

c) Ela se referia a uma misteriosa casa na Avenida Joo

Pinheiro, onde sabamos que no morava ningum havia
anos. (...) amos sempre olh-la durante o dia, fascinados:
que haveria l dentro? No seria de espantar se de noite os
fantasmas se reunissem ali para celebrar o fato de j haverem morrido.
(Fernando Sabino)

d) Que que tem trazer uma flor para casa?

Veio do oculista e trouxe uma rosa. Acha direito?
Por que no?
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)

EXERCCIOS
1)

a) enredo
b) personagem
c) ambiente
d) tempo

Observe:

Seriam onze horas da manh.

O Campos, segundo o costume, acabava de descer do
almoo e, a pena atrs da orelha, o leno por dentro do colarinho, dispunha-se a prosseguir no trabalho interrompido
pouco antes. Entrou no seu escritrio e foi sentar-se secretria.
(Alusio Azevedo)

O texto acima possui predominncia:

a) narrativa
b) descritiva
c) dissertativa

5) O texto a seguir apresenta:

Era de estatura regular, tinha as costas arqueadas e os
ombros levemente contrados, braos moles, cintura pouco
abaixo dos seios, desenhando muito a barriga. Quando andava, principalmente em ocasies de cerimnia, sacudia o
corpo na cadncia dos passos e bamboleava a cabea com
um movimento que afetava languidez. Muito plida, olhos
grandes e bonitos, repuxados para os cantos exteriores, em
um feitio acentuado de folhas de roseira; lbios descorados e
cheios, mas graciosos. Nunca se despregava das lunetas, e a
forte miopia dava-lhe aos olhos uma expresso mida de
choro.
(Alusio Azevedo)

2) Leia o texto a seguir:

Depois que terminei um curso de tcnicas de emergncia
mdica, eu estava ansiosa para colocar prova minhas novas aptides. Um dia, quando ia numa autoestrada, vi um
homem deitado no cho ao lado de um carro. Parei imediatamente, peguei meu estojo de primeiros socorros e corri
para ele.

a) narrao
b) descrio subjetiva
c) dissertao
d) descrio objetiva
6) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto dissertao:

Sou perita em emergncias disse eu a ele.

O senhor precisa de ajuda?
E preciso mesmo respondeu o homem.
Voc sabe trocar pneu?
(In revista Selees do Readers Digest, n 274.
Rio de Janeiro, maro de 1994)

a) formular uma hiptese abstrata, de carter geral;

b) fazer uma relao de fatos e provas;
c) colocar ou no uma concluso que confirme a hiptese
geral;
d) detalhar cenas, objetos, sentimentos, personagens, destacando suas caractersticas peculiares.

Lngua Portuguesa
7) Temos uma dissertao na alternativa:
a) Na plancie avermelhada os juazeiros alargavam duas
manchas verdes. (...)
A caatinga estendia-se, de um vermelho indeciso salpicado
de manchas brancas que eram ossadas. O voo negro dos
urubus fazia crculos altos em redor de bichos moribundos.
(Graciliano Ramos, Vidas Secas)

b) De longe via a aleia onde a tarde era clara e redonda.

Mas a penumbra dos ramos cobria o atalho.
Ao seu redor havia rudos serenos, cheiro de rvores, pequenas surpresas entre os cips.
Todo o jardim triturado pelos instantes j mais apressados da
tarde. De onde vinha o meio sonho pelo qual estava rodeada?
Como por um zunido de abelhas e aves. Tudo era estranho,
suave demais, grande demais.

A linguagem verbal aquela que tem por unidade a

palavra; as linguagens no verbais tm outros tipos de
unidade, como os gestos, o movimento, a imagem, etc. H,
ainda, as linguagens mistas, como por exemplo, as histrias
em quadrinhos, que normalmente utilizam a imagem e a
palavra.
Que tipo de linguagem veicula com maior rapidez uma
informao?
Veja estes smbolos abaixo:

Smbolo que se coloca na porta para indicar sanitrio masculino.

(Clarisse Lispector, Laos de Famlia)

c) Sempre fomos explorados. Somos oprimidos, mas no

vencidos. Lutamos, pelo elementar direito de a classe trabalhadora participar da vida poltica, social e econmica de sua
ptria. Intil tentar nos calar, nos deter, nos abater. Somos
multido. Estamos nas cidades e nos campos. Renascemos
em nossos filhos. Sabemos que, no futuro, estar em nossas
mos a riqueza que agora produzimos. (Panfleto de um Sindi-

Imagem indicativa de silncio.

cato, maio de 1981)

d) Na baixada, mato e campo eram concolores. No alto da

colina, onde a luz andava roda, debaixo do angelim verde,
de vagens verdes, um boi branco, de cauda branca. E, ao
longe, nas prateleiras dos morros cavalgam-se trs qualidades de azul. (Guimares Rosa, Sagarana)
8) Que tipo de descrio Garfield faz na tira a seguir?

Placas de trnsito frente proibido andar de bicicleta,

atrs quebra-molas.

A linguagem verbal a mais eficaz, porque transmite a

informao de forma mais objetiva e completa. A linguagem
visual, entretanto, a mais econmica, porque veicula a
informao com maior rapidez.
EXERCCIOS
1 Qual linguagem foi utilizada na figura abaixo?

a) verbal
b) no verbal

(Davis, Jim. Garfield em casa. Rio de Janeiro, Cedibra)

a) descrio subjetiva
b) descrio objetiva

1-A

2-B

3- D

RESPOSTAS
4- C 5- B 6- D

7- C

2 Qual linguagem foi utilizada na tira de Maurcio de

Sousa?

8- A

LINGUAGEM VERBAL E LINGUAGEM NO-VERBAL

Linguagem a representao do pensamento por meio
de sinais que permitem a comunicao e a interao entre as
pessoas.
As palavras, os gestos, o desenho, a escrita, a mmica, as
notas musicais, o cdigo Morse e o de trnsito, a pintura, a
dana, a arquitetura, a escultura, tudo isso linguagem. As
vrias linguagens podem ser organizadas em dois grupos: a
linguagem verbal, modelo de todas as outras, e as linguagens
no verbais.

(Maurcio de Sousa)

a) verbal
b) no verbal
RESPOSTAS
1-B 2-A

Lngua Portuguesa
SINNIMOS, ANTNIMOS E PARNIMOS
A semntica refere-se ao estudo do significado, em
todos os sentidos do termo. A semntica ope-se com frequncia sintaxe, caso em que a primeira se ocupa do que
algo significa, enquanto a segunda se debrua sobre as estruturas ou padres formais do modo como esse algo expresso (por exemplo, escritos ou falados).
SIGNIFICAO DAS PALAVRAS
Para o falante ou o escritor ser capaz de selecionar as
palavras adequadas para formar sua mensagem, preciso
conhecer o significado das palavras. Sendo assim, importante conhecer os fatos lingusticos.
SINNIMOS OU SINONMIA
Sinonmia ou sinnimos so palavras que possuem
significados iguais ou semelhantes.
Aquela garota veloz.
Aquela garota rpida.
Entre os sinnimos, h sempre um que se destaca por ser
mais expressivo, assim, no dicionrio, aparecem vrios significados de cada palavra, cabe ao escritor achar a mais apropriada ao seu contexto.
ANTNIMOS OU ANTONMIA
Antonmia ou antnimos so palavras que possuem
significados opostos.
Seu cabelo est muito comprido.
Seu cabelo est muito curto.
Algumas palavras opostas se originam de um prefixo de
sentido negativo ou oposto.
feliz infeliz
agradvel desagradvel
bendizer maldizer
HOMNIMOS OU HOMONMIA
Homonmia ou homnimos so palavras que possuem
significados diferentes, mas so iguais no som e/ou na escrita.
Preciso fazer um conserto na roupa.
(reparo)
Vou ao concerto esta noite.
(apresentao musical)
Os homnimos podem ser:
Homgrafos: possuem a mesma grafia, mas sons diferentes.
seco (substantivo) e seco (verbo)
olho (substantivo) e olho (verbo)
Homfonos: possuem o mesmo som, mas grafias diferentes.
cheque (ordem de pagamento)
xeque (lance de jogo de xadrez)

Homnimos perfeitos: possuem a mesma grafia e o

mesmo som.
o rio (substantivo) eu rio (verbo)
cedo (verbo) cedo (advrbio de tempo)
Veja, a seguir, a relao de alguns homnimos:
acender - pr fogo
ascender - subir
acento - sinal grfico
assento - lugar de sentar-se
ao - metal
asso - (verbo) 1 pessoa do indicativo
banco - assento
banco - estabelecimento
caar - pegar animais
cassar - anular
cela - pequeno quarto
sela - arreio e (verbo) 3 pessoa sing. do indicativo
censo - recenseamento
senso - juzo
cerrar - fechar
serrar - cortar
cesso - ato de ceder
seo, seco - diviso
sesso - reunio
cesto - balaio
sexto - numeral ordinal
cheque - ordem de pagamento
xeque - lance do jogo de xadrez
concerto - apresentao musical
conserto - (verbo) 1 pessoa singular do indicativo
coser - costurar
cozer - cozinhar
espiar - espionar
expiar - sofrer castigo
esttico - imvel
exttico - admirado
estrato - tipo de nuvem
extrato - resumo
incerto - no certo
inserto - includo
intercesso - interceder
interseo - corte feito no meio do objeto
lao - n
lasso - gasto, cansado, frouxo
manga - fruta da mangueira
manga - parte do vesturio
pao - palcio
passo - passada
ruo - desbotado
russo - da Rssia
so - saudvel, com sade
so - (verbo) 3 pessoa plural do indicativo
so - forma reduzida de santo
sexta - reduo de sexta-feira
cesta - recipiente
sesta - hora em que se descansa ou dorme aps o
almoo
taxar - estabelecer a taxa de
tachar - qualificar em mau sentido
PARNIMOS OU PARONMIA
Paronmia ou parnimos so palavras que possuem
significados diferentes, mas so muito parecidas no som e na
escrita.
O garotinho gosta de brincar de pio.
O garoto sonha em ser peo de boiadeiro.

10

Lngua Portuguesa
Veja, a seguir, a relao de alguns parnimos:
absolver - perdoar
absorver - sorver
acostumar - contrair hbito
costumar - ter por hbito
amoral - indiferente moral
imoral - contra a moral
apstrofe - figura de linguagem
apstrofo - sinal grfico
aprender - instituir-se
apreender - assimilar
arrear - pr arreios
arriar - descer, baixar
cavaleiro - aquele que anda a cavalo
cavalheiro - homem educado
comprimento - extenso
cumprimento - saudao
deferir - conceder, atender
diferir - ser diferente, adiar
delatar - denunciar
dilatar - alargar
descrio - ato de descrever
discrio - ser discreto
descriminar - inocentar
discriminar - distinguir
despensa - lugar onde se guardam mantimentos
dispensa - licena
destratar - insultar
distratar - desfazer
emergir - vir tona
imergir - mergulhar
emigrar - sair da ptria
imigrar - entrar num pas estranho para nele morar
eminente - notvel, clebre
iminente - prestes a acontecer
estdio - praa de esportes
estgio - preparao, perodo
flagrante - evidente
fragrante - perfumado
incidente - episdio
acidente - desastre
inflao - desvalorizao (dinheiro)
infrao - violao
infligir - aplicar castigo
infringir - no respeitar
tico - relativo ao ouvido
ptico - relativo viso
peo - amansador de cavalos, pea no jogo de xadrez
pio - brinquedo
pequenez - relativo a pequeno
pequins - originrio de Pequim, raa de ces
plaga - regio, pas
praga - maldio
pleito - disputa eleitoral
preito - homenagem
precedente - antecedente
procedente - proveniente
ratificar - confirmar
retificar - corrigir
reboco - argamassa de cal e areia
reboque - cabo que prende um veculo a outro
soar- produzir som
suar verter suor pelos poros

POLISSEMIA
Temos a polissemia quando uma palavra apresenta significado diferente que se explica dentro de um contexto.
A deciso est nas mos do papai.
(dependncia)
Machuquei minha mo.
(parte do corpo)
Ele passou a mo nas chaves do carro.
(apropriar-se de coisas alheias)
EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale o sinnimo da palavra destacada na seguinte
frase: Elogiou o deputado e todos os seus sequazes.
a) inimigos
b) parentes
c) partidrios
d) adversrios
e) alunos
2) Assinale o antnimo da palavra destacada na seguinte
frase, O prolixo professor Pinheiro discursava sobre a gramtica normativa.
a) sensual
b) lacnico
c) insolente
d) fatdico
e) trgicos
3) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto significao da
palavra:
a) Bruno far a cesso de seus livros.
b) Flvia est na seo de cosmticos.
c) A sesso ser presidida pela professora Jssica.
d) Todas as alternativas esto corretas.
e) Todas as alternativas esto incorretas.
4) Os significados das palavras parnimas:
imergir, eminncia, descrio so, respectivamente:
a) afundar, proximidade de ocorrncia, reserva
b) subir, proximidade de ocorrncia, exposio
c) afundar, excelncia, reserva
d) subir, excelncia, reserva
e) afundar, excelncia, exposio
5) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto aos homnimos:
a) cesto (balaio) sexto (numeral ordinal)
b) esttico (imvel) exttico (admirado)
c) coser (costurar) cozer (cozinhar)
d) cerrar (cortar) serrar (fechar)
e) lao (n) lasso (gasto)

1-C

11

RESPOSTAS
2-B
3-D
4-E

5-D

Lngua Portuguesa
SENTIDO PRPRIO E FIGURADO DAS PALAVRAS
DENOTAO E CONOTAO

CLASSES DE PALAVRAS: SUBSTANTIVO, ADJETIVO,

NUMERAL, PRONOME, VERBO, ADVRBIO,
PREPOSIO E CONJUNO: EMPREGO
E SENTIDO QUE IMPRIMEM S RELAES
QUE ESTABELECEM.

Denotao o emprego das palavras no seu sentido prprio.

Ontem fez muito frio.
Conotao o emprego das palavras no seu sentido figurado.

Morfologia o estudo da estrutura, da formao e da

classificao das palavras. A morfologia est agrupada em
dez classes, denominadas classes de palavras ou classes
gramaticais. As palavras podem ser de dois tipos quanto
sua flexo: variveis ou invariveis.
PALAVRAS VARIVEIS

Ele um homem frio.

Na primeira orao, a palavra frio possui o significado de
desprovido de calor.
Na segunda orao, a palavra frio possui o significado de
insensvel.

Os substantivos, os adjetivos, os artigos, os numerais, os

pronomes e os verbos flexionam-se, isto , podem apresentar
modificaes na forma, para exprimir os acidentes gramaticais de gnero, nmero, grau, pessoa, etc. So, portanto,
palavras variveis ou flexivas.
PALAVRAS INVARIVEIS

LINGUAGEM DENOTATIVA
muito utilizada no dia-a-dia, para que as pessoas possam se comunicar; muito utilizada na linguagem cientfica,
objetiva, mostrando sempre o sentido real ao leitor.
O corao um rgo fundamental para o corpo humano.

Os advrbios, as preposies, as conjunes e as interjeies tm uma s forma, rgida, imutvel. So, por conseguinte, palavras invariveis ou inflexivas.
CLASSE DE PALAVRAS
Existem dez classes gramaticais:
x Substantivos - classe de palavras variveis com que se
designam e nomeiam os seres em geral.

LINGUAGEM CONOTATIVA
muito utilizada em linguagem literria, nas propagandas, nas letras de msica, nas revistas, nos jornais; pois
mostra o sentido figurado.
Meu corao ficou apertado, quando o vi.

x Verbos - classe de palavras de forma varivel que exprimem o que se passa, isto , um acontecimento representado no tempo. Indicam ao, fato, estado ou fenmeno.
Toda palavra que se pode conjugar.
x Artigos - classe de palavras que acompanham os substantivos, determinando-os.

EXERCCIOS

x Adjetivos - classe de palavras que indicam as qualidades, origem e estado do ser. O adjetivo essencialmente
um modificador do substantivo.

1) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma denotao:

a) O brao da cadeira quebrou.
b) Quebrei o brao ao cair.

x Numerais - classe de palavras quantitativas. Indica-nos

uma quantidade exata de pessoas ou coisas, ou o lugar
que elas ocupam numa srie.

2) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma conotao:

x Pronomes - classe de palavras com funo de substituir

o nome, ou ser; como tambm de substituir a sua referncia. Servem para representar um substantivo e para o acompanhar determinando-lhe a extenso do significado.

a) Papai um bom garfo.

b) Comprei meia dzia de garfos.
3) Na orao, Vi em seu olhar uma nuvem de tristeza, temos:

x Advrbios - classe de palavras invariveis indicadoras de

circunstncias diversas; fundamentalmente um modificador do verbo, podendo tambm modificar um adjetivo,
outro advrbio ou orao inteira.

a) denotao
b) conotao

x Preposies - classe de palavras invariveis que ligam

outras duas subordinando a segunda primeira palavra.

4) Assinale a alternativa que possua o sentido conotativo:

a) A bomba destruiu o quarteiro.
b) Os bombeiros chegaram antes que o fogo se alastrasse.
c) Os olhos so o espelho da alma.
d) O mapa do tesouro estava perdido.

1-B

RESPOSTAS
2-A
3-B

x Conjunes - classe de palavras invariveis que ligam

outras duas palavras ou duas oraes.
x Interjeies - classe de palavras invariveis usadas
para substituir frases de significado emotivo ou sentimental.

4-C

12

Lngua Portuguesa
SUBSTANTIVO
Substantivo a palavra que d nome s pessoas, animais, lugares, coisas ou seres em geral. Divide-se em:
1) Comum: o substantivo que d nome a todos os seres da
mesma espcie: aluno, animal, vegetal, homem.
2) Prprio: o substantivo que d nome a um ser da mesma
espcie: Jlia, Brasil, Copacabana, Tatuap.
3) Concreto: o substantivo que designa seres de existncia
real ou que a imaginao representa: mulher, pedra, Deus,
fada, lobisomem.
4) Abstrato: o substantivo que designa qualidade ou sentimento, ao e estado dos seres, dos quais se podem abstrair (separar) e sem os quais no poderiam existir: beleza,
coragem, brancura (qualidades), viagem, estudo, doao,
esforo, fuga (aes), amor, saudade, alegria, dor, fome
(sentimentos, sensaes), vida, morte, cegueira, doena
(estados).
5) Simples: o substantivo formado por um s elemento
(radical): discos, flor, vitrola, couve.
6) Composto: o substantivo formado por mais de um elemento: couve-flor, guarda-chuva, pingue-pongue, p de moleque, passatempo.
7) Primitivo: o substantivo que foi criado antes de outros
no uso corrente da lngua: livro, pedra, dente, flor.
8) Derivado: o substantivo que foi criado depois de outro
no uso corrente da lngua: livreiro, pedreiro, dentista, florista.
9) Coletivo: o substantivo que representa um conjunto de
seres da mesma espcie: lbum, esquadrilha.
Alguns coletivos mais comuns:
Grupos de pessoas
assembleia: de pessoas reunidas, de parlamentares
associao: de scios
auditrio: de ouvintes
banca: de examinadores
banda: de msicos
bando: de desordeiros, malfeitores
batalho: de soldados
cabido: de cnegos
cmara: de vereadores, parlamentares (oficialmente reunidos)
cambada: de desordeiros
caravana: de viajantes, peregrinos
caterva: de desordeiros, malfeitores
choldra: assassinos, malfeitores
chusma: de pessoas em geral, de criados
claque: de pessoas pagas para aplaudir
clero: de religiosos
colnia: de imigrantes, migrantes
comitiva: de acompanhantes
corja: de ladres, malfeitores
corpo: de eleitores, alunos, jurados
corpo docente: de professores
coro: de cantores
elenco: de atores de uma pea, filme etc.
exrcito: de soldados
falange: tropas, anjos, heris
filarmnica: de msicos (sociedade musical)
grmio: de estudantes

guarnio: de soldados (que guarnecem um lugar)

irmandade: de membros de associao religiosa
junta: de mdicos, examinadores
jri: de jurados
legio: de soldados, anjos, demnios
leva: de presos, recrutas
malta: de malfeitores, desordeiros
multido: de pessoas em geral
orquestra: de msicos
peloto: de soldados
piquete: de grevistas
plantel: de atletas
plateia: de espectadores
pliade: de poetas, artistas
populao: de habitantes
prole: de filhos
quadrilha: ladres, malfeitores
romaria: de peregrinos
tribo (nao): de ndios
tripulao: de marinheiros, aerovirios
tropa: de soldados, pessoas
turma: de estudantes, trabalhadores, pessoas em geral
Grupos de animais ou vegetais
alcateia: de lobos
bando: de aves
boiada: de bois
cacho: de uvas, bananas
cfila: de camelos
cardume: de peixes
colmeia: de abelhas
colnia: de bactrias, formigas, cupins
enxame: de abelhas, insetos
fato: de cabras
fauna: de animais prprios de uma regio
feixe: de lenha, capim
flora: de vegetais prprios de uma regio
junta: de bois
manada: de animais de grande porte
matilha: de ces
ninhada: de filhotes de animais
nuvem: de insetos (gafanhotos, mosquitos, etc)
rebanho: de gado
rcua: animais de carga
rstia: de alho ou cebola
revoada: de pssaros
tropilha: de cavalos
vara: de porcos
Outros grupos
acervo: de obras de arte
alameda: de rvores (em linha)
alfabeto: de letras
antologia: de textos literrios ou cientficos
armada: de navios de guerra
arquiplago: de ilhas
arsenal: de armas, munies
atlas: de mapas
baixela: de objetos de mesa
bateria: peas de guerra ou de cozinha; instrumentos de
percusso
biblioteca: de livros catalogados
cinemateca: de filmes
constelao: de estrelas
cordilheira: de montanhas
enxoval: de roupas
esquadra: de navios de guerra
esquadrilha: de avies
federao: de estados
frota: de navios, avies, veculos
galeria: de esttuas, quadros
molho: de chaves
pinacoteca: de quadros
trouxa: de roupas
vocabulrio: de palavras

13

Lngua Portuguesa
Substantivos com mudana de sentido na mudana
de gnero

GNERO DOS SUBSTANTIVOS

Gnero a propriedade que as palavras tm de indicar o
sexo real ou fictcio dos seres.
Na lngua portuguesa so dois os gneros: o masculino e
o feminino.
FORMAO DO FEMININO
De modo geral, forma-se o feminino substituindo-se a
desinncia "o" pela desinncia "a": menino, menina; gato,
gata.
Todavia, os processos de formao so bem variados:
Masculino
alfaiate
ano
aviador
av
bode
frade
frei
genro
gigante
heri
juiz
maestro

Feminino
costureira
an
aviadora
av
cabra
freira
sror
nora
giganta
herona
juza
maestrina

Masculino
doutor
cavaleiro
cavalheiro
compadre
cnsul
hspede
oficial
judeu
ateu
hebreu
profeta
ru

Feminino
doutora
amazona
dama
comadre
consulesa
hspeda
oficiala
judia
ateia
hebreia
profetisa
r

Substantivos que merecem destaque quanto ao gnero:

Masculino

Feminino

H substantivos que so masculinos ou femininos, conforme o sentido com que se achem empregados.
Masculino
o guia: pessoa de grande
inteligncia ou sutileza.
o cabea: chefe, lder
o capital: dinheiro
o caixa: pessoa que trabalha em
tal seo.
o cisma: separao
o cura: padre
o estepe: pneu reserva
o grama: unidade de massa
o guarda: vigilante
o guia: pessoa que orienta
o lente: professor
o lotao: veculo
o moral: nimo
o rdio: aparelho

Feminino
a guia: ave de rapina
a cabea: parte do corpo
a capital: cidade principal
a caixa: objeto
a cisma: ideia fixa, desconfiana
a cura: restabelecimento
a estepe: plancie de vegetao herbcea.
a grama: relva
a guarda: vigilncia
a guia: documento
a lente: o disco de vidro
a lotao: capacidade
a moral:tica
a rdio: estao

SUBSTANTIVOS UNIFORMES
So aqueles que apresentam uma nica forma para o
masculino e feminino.
1) Epicenos: designam o sexo de certos animais com o auxlio dos adjetivos macho e fmea: o jacar (macho ou fmea);
o tigre (macho ou fmea); a pulga (macho ou fmea).
2) Sobrecomuns: designam pessoas com uma forma nica
para o masculino e feminino:

o apndice

a aguardente

o blido
o champanha

a alface
a apendicite

o cadver (homem ou mulher); a vtima (homem ou mulher);

o cnjuge (homem ou mulher); a criana (menino ou menina).

o cl
o d
o eclipse
o eczema

a aluvio
a blide
a cal
a cataplasma

3) Comuns de dois gneros: sob uma s forma designam

os indivduos dos dois sexos, sendo auxiliados pelo artigo,
adjetivo ou pronome:

o estratagema
o formicida
o gengibre
o guaran
o lana-perfume
o magma
o milhar
o proclama
o saca-rolhas
o ssia
o teorema
o trema

a clera
a comicho
a derme
a dinamite
a elipse
a entorse
a gnese
a libido
a matin
a omelete
a omoplata
a sentinela

Substantivos que admitem os dois gneros

o gape ou a gape
o caudal ou a caudal
o diabete(s) ou a diabete(s)
o laringe ou a laringe
o personagem ou a personagem
o usucapio ou a usucapio

o colega, a colega; artista famoso, artista famosa;

esse pianista, essa pianista; o reprter, a reprter.
NMERO DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
Em portugus, h dois nmeros gramaticais: o singular,
que indica um ser ou um grupo de seres: ave, bando; e o
plural, que indica mais de um ser ou um grupo de seres:
aves, bandos.
Os substantivos flexionam-se no plural conforme as regras:
1) Pelo acrscimo no plural de "s", o que se d se o substantivo terminar em vogal ou ditongo oral: asa, asas; txi,
txis; tubo, tubos; ba, bas; vu, vus.
2) Pelo acrscimo de "es" ao singular nos terminados em
"r" ou "z": colher, colheres; dlar, dlares; amor, amores;
cruz, cruzes; giz, gizes.
3) Os substantivos terminados em "al", "el", "ol", "ul" pluralizam-se trocando o "l" final por "is": jornal, jornais; anel,
anis; anzol, anzis; azul , azuis; lcool, alcois.

14

Lngua Portuguesa
4) Os terminados em "il" admitem duas formas:

OBSERVAES:

os oxtonos mudam "il" em "is": barril, barris; funil, funis;

a) A palavra "guarda" pode ser substantivo ou verbo: quando

verbo (verbo guardar), fica invarivel; quando substantivo
(o homem que guarda), vai para o plural.

os paroxtonos mudam "il" para "eis": fssil, fsseis; rptil,

rpteis.
5) Os terminados em "m" trocam esta letra por "ns": nuvem,
nuvens; fim, fins.
6) Os terminados em "s" monosslabos ou oxtonos formam
o plural acrescentando-se "es": ingls, ingleses; lils, lilases;
gs, gases.
7) Os terminados em "s" paroxtonos ou proparoxtonos so
invariveis: o lpis, os lpis; o atlas, os atlas; o nibus, os
nibus.

verbo
os guarda
os guarda
os guarda

substantivo
chuvas
comidas
sis

substantivo
os guardas

os guardas

os guardas

adjetivo
florestais
civis
noturnos

b) Palavras compostas com a palavra "gro"

8) Os terminados em "x" so invariveis: o trax, os trax; o

fnix, os fnix.

a palavra "gro" vai para o plural quando indica grnulo, a

unidade: gros de bico.

9) Os terminados em "o" admitem trs hipteses:

a palavra "gro" fica no singular quando significa grande:

os gro-duques, as gr-duquesas.

a) uns formam o plural com o acrscimo de "s": mo, mos;

bno, bnos; rgo, rgos; irmo, irmos.
b) outros, mais numerosos, mudam "o" em "es": limo,
limes; porto, portes; balo, bales; melo, meles.
c) outros, enfim, trocam "o" por "es": po, pes; co,
ces; aldeo, aldees; sacristo, sacristes.

c) Plural de substantivos diminutivos:

O plural dos terminados em "zinho" ou em "zito" se faz
flexionando-se o substantivo primitivo, retirando-se o "s" final
e acrescentando-se "zinhos" ou "zitos".
Exemplos: papelzinho / papi(s) / papeizinhos;
limozito / lime(s) / limezitos.

PLURAL DOS SUBSTANTIVOS COMPOSTOS

Os substantivos terminados em "r" fazem o plural de duas
maneiras:

Existem quatro hipteses:

1) Pluralizam-se os dois elementos formados por:

florzinha / flore(s) / florezinhas;

florzinha / florzinhas.

substantivo + substantivo: couve-flor, couves-flores.

GRAU DOS SUBSTANTIVOS
substantivo + adjetivo: amor-perfeito, amores-perfeitos.
Grau dos substantivos a propriedade que essas palavras tm de exprimir as variaes de tamanho dos seres.

adjetivo + substantivo: bom-dia, bons-dias.

numeral + substantivo: segunda-feira, segundas-feiras.

So dois os graus do substantivo: aumentativo e diminutivo.

2) Apenas o segundo elemento varia:

1) Aumentativo: forma-se com os sufixos ao, alha, arra,
zio, ona, o, az, etc.: garrafo, papelo, cartaz (carta), ladravaz (ladro), lobaz (lobo), ricao, balao, barcaa, mulheraa, vidraa, dramalho (drama), vagalho (vaga), balzio
(bala), copzio (copo), pratzio (prato), beiorra (beio), cabeorra (cabea), manzorra (mo), vozeiro (voz), homenzarro, canzarro, bocarra (boca), naviarra (navio).

verbo + substantivo: guarda-roupa, guarda-roupas.

palavra invarivel ou prefixo + palavra invarivel:
sempre-viva, sempre-vivas; ex-diretor, ex-diretores.
palavras repetidas: reco-reco, reco-recos.
3) Apenas o primeiro elemento varia:
com preposio expressa: p de moleque, ps de moleque;
mo de obra, mos de obra.
quando o segundo elemento indica finalidade ou semelhana do primeiro: sof-cama, sofs-cama; peixe-boi, peixes-boi.
4) Os dois elementos ficam invariveis:
verbo + advrbio: o bota-fora, os bota-fora.
verbo + substantivo no plural: o saca-rolhas, os saca-rolhas.

2) Diminutivo: forma-se com os sufixos acho, ebre, eco,

ico, inho, ito, ejo, etc.: mosquito, cabrito, senhorita, fogacho
(fogo), riacho, populacho, penacho (pena), animlculo (animal), febrola (febre), gotcula (gota), versculo (verso), montculo (monte), partcula (parte), radcula (raiz), glbulo (globo),
clula (cela), animalejo, lugarejo, vilarejo, ilhota, fortim (forte),
espadim (espada), camarim (cmara), casebre (casa).
Observao: O diminutivo pode exprimir carinho ou desprezo. (carinho: filhinho, mezinha. desprezo: padreco, jornaleco, lugarejo)
O grau aumentativo exprime um aumento do ser relativamente ao seu tamanho normal.

15

Lngua Portuguesa
Pode ser formado sinttica ou analiticamente.
ADJETIVO
1) Aumentativo sinttico: forma-se com sufixos especiais:
copzio (copo), barcaa (barca), muralha (muro).
2) Aumentativo analtico: forma-se com o auxlio do adjetivo grande, e de outros do mesmo sentido: letra grande, pedra enorme, esttua colossal.

So palavras que indicam qualidade, propriedade ou

estado do ser.
Exemplo: Meu caderno novo j est sujo.

EXERCCIOS

O adjetivo pertence a um inventrio aberto, sempre suscetvel de ser aumentado. A estrutura interna ou constitucional do adjetivo consiste nas lnguas flexveis, na combinao
de um signo lexical expresso pelo radical com signos morfolgicos expressos por desinncias e alternncias, ambas
destitudas de existncia prpria fora dessas combinaes.
No portugus, entre as desinncias est a marca da gradao, isto , o grau absoluto ou relativo da parte, ou aspecto
(qualidade) significada no radical. (belo-belssimo), bem
como afixos de gnero e de nmero. A relao gramatical
instaurada entre o signo delimitador e o signo delimitado
geralmente expressa pela concordncia. Evanildo Bechara

1) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta os substantivos classificados como comuns de dois gneros.

O adjetivo pode ser expresso atravs de duas palavras:

o que se chama de locuo adjetiva.

a) o lojista, o herege, o mrtir, o intrprete

b) o apstolo, o carrasco, o cnjuge, a criana
c) o tatu, a girafa, a tainha, a avestruz
d) o patriarca, o frade, o confrade, o carneiro
e) o ente, a testemunha, o cnjuge, a testemunha

Locuo adjetiva
de abdmen
de abelha
de acar
de agricultor
de gua
de aluno
de anjo
de bexiga
de cabea
de calor
de cnjuge
de corpo
de costas
de ensino
de estmago
de febre
de filho
de gelo
de homem
de irmo
de lago
de leite
de me
de pele
de sangue
de trax
de voz

O grau diminutivo exprime um ser com seu tamanho normal diminudo. Pode ser formado sinttica ou analiticamente.
1) Diminutivo sinttico: forma-se com sufixos especiais:
casebre (casa), livreco (livro), saleta (sala).
2) Diminutivo analtico: forma-se com o adjetivo pequeno,
ou outros equivalentes: chave pequena, casa pequenina,
semente minscula.

2) Assinale a alternativa em que as formas do plural de todos

os substantivos se apresentam de maneira correta:
a) alto-falantes, coraozinhos, afazeres, vveres.
b) espadas, frutas-po, p de moleques, peixe-boi.
c) vai-volta, animaizinhos, beija-flores, salvo-condutos.
d) animalzinhos, vai-voltas, vai-vns, salvos-condutos.
e) bates-bolas, cavalos-vapores, bens-te-vis, vices-reis.
3) A alternativa em que o plural dos nomes compostos est
empregado corretamente :
a) p de moleques/ beija-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escolas.
b) ps de moleques/ beija-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escolas.
c) ps de moleque/ beija-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escola.
d) p de moleques/ beijas-flores/ obras-primas/ navios-escola.
e) ps de moleque/ beijas-flores/ obra-primas/ navio-escolas.
4) O plural dos nomes compostos est correto em todas as
alternativas, exceto em:

ADJETIVOS PTRIOS

a) Ela gosta de amores-perfeitos e cultiva-os.

b) Os vice-diretores reunir-se-o na prxima semana.
c) As aulas sero dadas s segundas-feiras.
d) H muitos beijas-flores no meu quintal.
e) H vrios cafs-concerto nesta avenida.

Designam nacionalidade ou lugar de origem de algum ou

de alguma coisa:

5) Assinale a alternativa em que o substantivo composto no

esteja corretamente flexionado no plural.
a) Aqui, os ps de vento levantam telhados.
b) H tempo eu no via bem-te-vis de pele e osso.
c) Dois tecos-tecos sobrevoam o local do acidente.
d) Nos vaivns da burocracia, foi-se o meu precioso tempo.
e) No aguento mais os entra e sai nesta casa.

1-A

2-C

RESPOSTAS
3-C

4-D

Adjetivo
abdominal
apcola
sacarino
agrcola
aqutico, hidrulico
discente
angelical
cstico, vesical
ceflico
trmico
conjugal
corporal, corpreo
dorsal
didtico
estomacal, gstrico
febril
filial
glacial
humano
fraternal, fraterno
lacustre
lcteo, lctico
materno, maternal
cutneo
hemtico, sanguneo
torcico
vocal

5-C

16

Brasil - brasileiro
Acre - acriano
Alagoas - alagoano
Amazonas - amazonense
Bahia - baiano
Esprito Santo - esprito-santense
Rio Grande do Norte - norte-rio-grandense
Joo Pessoa - pessoense
Salvador - soteropolitano ou salvadorense
Belo Horizonte - belorizontino
Niteri - niteroiense
So Paulo (capital) paulistano
So Paulo (estado) paulista
Rio de Janeiro (capital) carioca
Rio de Janeiro (estado) fluminense

Lngua Portuguesa
FORMAO DO ADJETIVO

Alguns adjetivos possuem, para o comparativo de superioridade, formas sintticas, herdadas do latim. So elas: bom melhor, mau - pior, grande - maior, pequeno - menor.

Quanto formao, o adjetivo pode ser:

1) Primitivo (o que no deriva de outra palavra): bom, forte,
feliz.

O grau superlativo divide-se em:

1) Absoluto:

2) Derivado (o que deriva de substantivos ou verbos): famoso, carnavalesco.

a) Analtico:
A menina muito bela.

3) Simples: brasileiro, escuro, etc.

b) Sinttico:
A menina belssima.

4) Composto: castanho-claro, azul-marinho.

FLEXO DO ADJETIVO

2) Relativo:

O adjetivo varia em gnero, nmero e grau.

a) De Superioridade:

GNERO DO ADJETIVO

Analtico:
Joo o mais alto de todos.

Quanto ao gnero, dividem-se os adjetivos em:

1) Uniformes: aqueles que tm uma s forma para os dois
gneros: mesa azul, olho azul.
2) Biformes: apresentam duas formas, uma para o masculino, outra para o feminino: mau m, esperto esperta, ativo
ativa, ateu ateia.

Sinttico:
Este monte o maior de todos.
b) De Inferioridade:
Joo o menos rpido de todos.
O grau superlativo exprime uma qualidade no mais alto
grau de intensidade possvel. Pode ser relativo ou absoluto.

NMERO DO ADJETIVO
Os adjetivos simples seguem as mesmas regras de flexo
numrica dos substantivos: igual - iguais, azul - azuis, feroz ferozes.

O superlativo relativo indica que entre os seres que possuem determinada qualidade, h um que a possui num grau
inexcedvel.
O superlativo absoluto isola o ser qualificado no seu mais
alto e intenso grau possvel, podendo assumir a forma sinttica ou analtica.

PLURAL DOS ADJETIVOS COMPOSTOS

1) Os componentes sendo adjetivos, somente o ltimo toma
a flexo do plural: tecido verde-claro, tecidos verde-claros;
cabelo castanho-escuro, cabelos castanho-escuros.
2) Os componentes sendo palavra invarivel + adjetivo,
somente este ltimo se flexionar: menino mal-educado,
meninos mal-educados.
3) Os compostos de adjetivo + substantivo so invariveis:
farda verde-oliva, fardas verde-oliva; terno amarelo-canrio,
ternos amarelo-canrio.

O superlativo absoluto sinttico d-se por meio dos seguintes sufixos: ssimo, imo e rimo.
O superlativo absoluto analtico d-se por meio de advrbios de intensidade que precedem o adjetivo.
Alguns adjetivos possuem formas literrias, cultas, de
superlativo absoluto sinttico:

4) Invariveis ficam tambm as locues adjetivas formadas

de cor + substantivo:
vestido cor-de-rosa, vestidos cor-de-rosa.
GRAU DO ADJETIVO
O grau do adjetivo exprime a intensidade das qualidades
dos seres. So dois os graus do adjetivo: o comparativo e o
superlativo.
O grau comparativo pode ser:
1) De Igualdade:
A casa to antiga quanto o homem.
2) De Superioridade:
A casa mais antiga do que o homem.
3) De Inferioridade:
A casa menos antiga do que o homem.

17

acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acrrimo
agudo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . acutssimo
amargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amarssimo
amigo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . amicssimo
spero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . asprrimo
clebre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . celebrrimo
comum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . comunssimo
cristo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cristianssimo
cruel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . crudelssimo
difcil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dificlimo
doce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dulcssimo
dcil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doclimo
fcil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . faclimo
feio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fessimo
feliz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . felicssimo
feroz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ferocssimo
fiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fidelssimo
frgil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .fraglimo, fragilssimo
frio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . frigidssimo
grande . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mximo
humilde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . humlimo
incrvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . incredibilssimo
inimigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .inimicssimo

Lngua Portuguesa
legal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .legalssimo
livre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . librrimo
magro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . macrrimo
mal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .malssimo, pssimo
negro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nigrrimo
nobre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nobilssimo
pequeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mnimo
pobre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pauprrimo
provvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . probabilssimo
sbio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sapientssimo
sagrado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sacratssimo
simples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . simplicssimo
terrvel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . terribilssimo
veloz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .velocssimo

6) Marque:
a) se I e II forem verdadeiras.
b) se I e III forem verdadeiras.
c) se II e III forem verdadeiras.
d) se todas forem falsas.
"... eu no sou propriamente um autor defunto, mas um defunto autor."
I. no primeiro caso, autor substantivo; defunto adjetivo.
II. no segundo caso, defunto substantivo; autor adjetivo.
III. em ambos os casos, tem-se um substantivo composto.
7) Substitua as locues adjetivas pelo adjetivo correspondente.

EXERCCIOS
1) Analise o grau do adjetivo grifado nas frases que seguem,
de acordo com o seguinte cdigo:
1 - comparativo de igualdade
2 - comparativo de superioridade
3 - comparativo de inferioridade
4 - superlativo absoluto
5 - superlativo relativo
a) ( ) E a vida seguia muito calma.
b) ( ) Foi a mais alta demonstrao de amor.
c) ( ) Livre-nos Deus dessa misrrima condio.
d) ( ) A vida mais breve do que a morte.
e) ( ) O lazer to importante quanto o trabalho.
f) ( ) Ele foi menos delicado do que eu.

a) chuvas de vero
b) voz de prata
c) hbitos contra a moral
d) questo sem dvida
e) plantas do lago
f) regime de chuva
g) astcia de raposa
h) congresso de bispos
i) cor de chumbo
8) A locuo adjetiva correspondente a cstico :
a) de cabea
b) de estmago
c) de acar
d) de bexiga

2) Assinale a orao em que o termo cego(s) um adjetivo.

a) "Os cegos, habitantes de um mundo esquemtico, sabem
aonde ir..."
b) "O cego de Ipanema representava naquele momento todas
as alegorias da noite escura da alma..."
c) "Todos os clculos do cego se desfaziam na turbulncia do
lcool."
d) "Naquele instante era s um pobre cego."
e) "... da Terra que um globo cego girando no caos."

9) Aponte a alternativa que possua um adjetivo biforme e um

adjetivo uniforme respectivamente:

3) No se flexionam os compostos abaixo, em qualquer de

seus elementos, exceto:

10) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto formao do

plural dos adjetivos compostos:

a) azul-claro
b) verde-alface
c) amarelo-laranja
d) castanho-avel
e) verde-garrafa

a) moas surdas-mudas
b) saias azuis-celestes
c) ternos verde-oliva
d) tecidos furta-cor

a) interior - hipcrita
b) cru - europeu
c) so - audaz
d) paulista - mau

11) Aponte a alternativa correta:

4) O adjetivo est mal flexionado em grau em:
a) O adjetivo formado por cor + de + substantivo no recebe
s no plural.
b) A palavra ultravioleta varivel.
c) O plural de azul-marinho azul-marinhos.
d) O adjetivo marrom-caf varivel, acrescentasse s nos
dois elementos.

a) livre: librrimo
b) magro: macrrimo
c) doce: doclimo
d) triste: tristssimo
e) fcil: faclimo
5) Assinale a nica alternativa em que se encontram as formas corretas do superlativo erudito dos adjetivos soberbo,
malvolo e magro.
a) soberbssimo / malevolssimo / magrrimo
b) magrssimo / maleovolrrimo / soberblimo
c) superbssimo / malevolentssimo / macrrimo
d) soberbrrimo / magrlimo / malevolentrrimo
e) magrrimo / superbrrimo / malevolentssimo

18

RESPOSTAS
1 a) 4; b) 5; c) 4; d) 2; e) 1; f) 3
2-E
3-A
4-C
5-C
6-A
7 a) estivais; b) argntea; c) imorais;
d) indubitveis; e) lacustres; f) pluvial;
g) vulpina; h) episcopal; i) plmbea.
8-D
9-C
10 - B
11 - A

Lngua Portuguesa
Mas com alguns nomes de cidades conservamos
o artigo.

ARTIGO
Artigo uma palavra que antepomos aos substantivos
para determin-los; indica-se ao mesmo tempo gnero e
nmero.

Exemplos:
O Rio de Janeiro, O Cairo, O Porto.
Obs.: Pode ou no ocorrer crase antes dos nomes de cidade,
conforme venham ou no precedidos de artigo.

Dividem-se os artigos em:

definidos: o, a, os, as
indefinidos: um, uma, uns, umas.

Exemplo: Vou a Paris.

Vou Paris dos museus.

Os definidos determinam os substantivos de modo preciso, particular: Viajei com o mdico.

3) Toda cidade / toda a cidade.

Todo, toda designam qualquer, cada.

Os indefinidos determinam os substantivos de modo

vago, impreciso, geral: Viajei com um mdico.
FLEXO DO ARTIGO

Exemplo: Toda cidade pode concorrer (qualquer cidade).

Todo o, toda a designam totalidade, inteireza.

O artigo se flexiona em gnero e nmero:

Exemplo: Conheci toda a cidade (a cidade inteira).

Combinaes dos artigos:

No plural, usa-se todos os, todas as, exceto antes de

numeral no seguido de substantivo.

artigo
definido
o
a
os
as

preposies
de
em
do
no
da
na
dos
nos
das
nas

a
ao

aos
s

artigo
indefinido
um
uma
uns
umas

por(per)
pelo
pela
pelos
pelas

Exemplos:
Todas as cidades vieram.
Todos os cinco clubes disputaro o ttulo.
Todos cinco so concorrentes.
4) Tua deciso / a tua deciso.

preposies
em
num
numa
nuns
numas

de
dum
duma
duns
dumas

De maneira geral, facultativo o uso do artigo antes dos

possessivos.
Exemplos: Aplaudimos tua deciso.
Aplaudimos a tua deciso.

Particularidades
Se o possessivo no vier seguido de substantivo explcito
obrigatria a ocorrncia do artigo.

O artigo transforma qualquer palavra em substantivo.

o pobre (adjetivo = pobre)

palavra substantivada

Exemplo: Aplaudiram a tua deciso e no a minha.

5) Decises as mais oportunas / as mais oportunas decises.

o sim (advrbio = sim)

palavra substantivada

No superlativo relativo, no se usa o artigo antes e depois

do substantivo.

O artigo distingue os homnimos e define o seu significado:

Exemplos: Tomou decises as mais oportunas.

Tomou as decises mais oportunas.

o caixa (pessoa) a caixa (objeto)

errado: Tomou as decises as mais oportunas.
EMPREGO DO ARTIGO

6) Faz uns dez anos.

1) Ambas as mos.

O artigo indefinido, posto antes de um numeral, designa

quantidade aproximada.

Usa-se o artigo entre o numeral ambas e o substantivo.

Exemplo: Faz uns dez anos que sa de l.
Exemplo: Ambas as mos so perfeitas.
7) Em um / num.
2) Estou em Paris / Estou na famosa Paris.
Exemplos:
No se usa artigo antes dos nomes de cidades, a menos
que venham determinados por adjetivos ou locues adjetivas.

Estava em uma cidade grande.

ou
Estava numa cidade grande.

Exemplo: Vim de Paris. Vim da luminosa Paris.

19

Lngua Portuguesa
Os artigos definidos e indefinidos contraem-se com preposies: de + o = do, de + a = da, etc.
As formas de + um e em + um podem-se usar contradas
(dum e num) ou separadas (de um, em um).
Exemplos: Estava em uma cidade grande. ou Estava numa
cidade grande.
EXERCCIOS
1) Coloque o artigo nos espaos vazios conforme o termo
subsequente o aceite ou no. Quando necessrio, faa a
contrao de preposio com o artigo.
a) Afinal, estamos em .......... Brasil ou em .......... Portugal?
b) Viajamos para .......... Estados Unidos, fora isso nunca
samos de .......... casa.
c) Todos .......... casos esto sob controle.
d) Toda .......... famlia estrangeira que vem para o Brasil
procura logo seus parentes.
e) Todos .......... vinte jogadores esto gripados.
f) Todos .......... quatro saram.

NUMERAL
Numeral uma palavra que exprime nmero de ordem,
mltiplo ou frao.
CLASSIFICAO DO NUMERAL
De acordo com o que indica, o numeral pode ser classificado em:
a) cardinal: indica quantidade exata de seres: um, dois, trs,
quatro, cinco . . .
b) ordinal: indica a ordem dos seres numa determinada
srie: primeiro, segundo, terceiro, quarto, quinto ...
c) multiplicativo: indica uma quantidade multiplicada do
mesmo ser: dobro, triplo, qudruplo, quntuplo ...
d) fracionrio: indica em quantas partes a quantidade foi
dividida: meio, tero, quarto, quinto. . .

2) Nas frases que seguem, h um artigo (definido ou indefinido) grifado. Indique o seu valor, de acordo com o cdigo que
segue.

QUADRO DOS NUMERAIS

cardinais

1 - O artigo est especificando o substantivo.

2 - O artigo est generalizando o substantivo.
3 - O artigo est intensificando o substantivo.
4 - O artigo est designando a espcie toda do substantivo.
5 - O artigo est conferindo maior familiaridade ao substantivo.
6 - O artigo est designando quantidade aproximada.
a) ( ) Afinal, todos sabiam que o Joo no seria capaz disso.
b) ( ) Anchieta catequizou o ndio brasileiro e lhe ensinou os
rudimentos da f catlica.
c) ( ) Respondeu as perguntas com uma convico, que no
deixou dvida em ningum.
d) ( ) No vamos discutir uma deciso qualquer, mas a deciso que desencadeou todos esses acontecimentos.
e) ( ) Tomemos ao acaso um objeto do mundo fsico e observemos a sua forma.
f) ( ) Durante uns cinco dias frequentou minha casa, depois
desapareceu.
3) Procure e assinale a nica alternativa em que h erro,
quanto ao emprego do artigo.
a) Nem todas as opinies so valiosas.
b) Disse-me que conhece todo o Brasil.
c) Leu todos os dez romances do escritor.
d) Andou por todo Portugal.
e) Todas cinco, menos uma, esto corretas.
4) Em todas as alternativas abaixo, h artigos definidos ou
indefinidos, exceto em:
a) Ele passou uns dez dias na fazenda.
b) Em certos momentos, vejo-me pensando em ti.
c) Viajarei terra de meus avs.
d) Votarei num deputado que seja honesto e trabalhador.

RESPOSTAS
1) a) no, ; b) os, ; c) os; d) ; e) os; f)
2) a) 5; b) 4; c) 3; d) 1; e) 2; f) 6
3) A
4) B

um
dois
trs
quatro
cinco
seis
sete
oito
nove
dez
onze
doze
treze
catorze ou
quatorze
quinze
dezesseis
dezessete
dezoito
dezenove
vinte
trinta
quarenta
cinquenta
sessenta
setenta
oitenta
noventa
cem
duzentos
trezentos
quatrocentos
quinhentos
seiscentos
setecentos
oitocentos
novecentos
mil
milho
bilho

20

ordinais
primeiro
segundo
terceiro
quarto
quinto
sexto
stimo
oitavo
nono
dcimo
dcimo primeiro
dcimo segundo
dcimo terceiro
dcimo quarto
dcimo quinto
dcimo sexto
dcimo stimo
dcimo oitavo
dcimo nono
vigsimo
trigsimo
quadragsimo
quinquagsimo
sexagsimo
septuagsimo
octogsimo
nonagsimo
centsimo
ducentsimo
trecentsimo
quadringentsimo
quingentsimo
sexcentsimo ou
seiscentsimo
setingentsimo
ou setingentsimo
octingentsimo
nongentsimo ou
noningentsimo
milsimo
milionsimo
bilionsimo

multiplicativos
dobro
triplo
qudruplo
quntuplo
sxtuplo
stuplo
ctuplo
nnuplo
dcuplo
undcuplo
duodcuplo
cntuplo
-

fracionrios
meio
tero
quarto
quinto
sexto
stimo
oitavo
nono
dcimo
onze avos
doze avos
treze avos
catorze avos
quinze avos
dezesseis avos
dezessete avos
dezoito avos
dezenove avos
vinte avos
trinta avos
quarenta avos
cinquenta avos
sessenta avos
setenta avos
oitenta avos
noventa avos
centsimo
ducentsimo
trecentsimo
quadringentsimo
quingentsimo
sexcentsimo
setingentsimo
octingentsimo
nongentsimo
milsimo
milionsimo
bilionsimo

Lngua Portuguesa
EMPREGO DOS NUMERAIS

EXERCCIOS

1) Na designao de papas, reis, sculos, captulos, tomos

ou partes de obras, usam-se os ordinais para a srie de 1 a
10; da em diante, usam-se os cardinais, desde que o numeral venha depois do substantivo.

1) O ordinal trecentsimo septuagsimo corresponde a:

a) 37

b) 360

c) 370

2) O ordinal nongentsimo quinquagsimo corresponde a:

Exemplos: D. Pedro II (segundo),
Lus XV (quinze),
D. Joo VI (sexto),
Joo XXIII (vinte e trs),
Pio X (dcimo),
Captulo XX (vinte).

a) 95

b) 950

c) 9050

3) O ordinal quingentsimo octogsimo corresponde a:

a) 58

2) Quando o substantivo vier depois do numeral, usam-se

sempre os ordinais.

b) 580

4) O ordinal quadragsimo oitavo corresponde a:

a) 480

Exemplos: primeira parte, dcimo quinto captulo, vigsimo

sculo.
3) Na numerao de artigos, leis, decretos, portarias e outros
textos legais, usa-se o ordinal at 9 e da em diante o cardinal.
Exemplos: artigo 1 (primeiro), artigo 12 (doze).
4) Aos numerais que designam um conjunto determinado de
seres d-se o nome de numerais coletivos.

c) 588

b) 448

c) 48

5) Em todas as frases abaixo, os numerais foram corretamente empregados, exceto em:

a) O artigo vinte e cinco deste cdigo foi revogado.
b) Seu depoimento foi transcrito na pgina duzentos e vinte e
dois.
c) Ainda no li o capitulo stimo desta obra.
d) Este terremoto ocorreu no sculo dez antes de Cristo.
6) Em todas as frases abaixo, a palavra grifada um numeral, exceto em:

Exemplos: dzia, centena.

5) A leitura e escrita por extenso dos cardinais compostos
deve ser feita da seguinte forma:
a) Se houver dois ou trs algarismos, coloca-se a conjuno
e entre eles.

a) Ele s leu um livro este semestre.

b) No preciso mais que uma pessoa para fazer este servio.
c) Ontem tarde, um rapaz procurou por voc.
d) Voc quer uma ou mais caixas deste produto?
7) Assinale os itens em que a correspondncia cardinal /
ordinal est incorreta; em seguida, faa a devida correo.

Exemplos: 94 = noventa e quatro

743 = setecentos e quarenta e trs.
b) Se houver quatro algarismos, omite-se a conjuno e entre
o primeiro algarismo e os demais (isto , entre o milhar e a
centena).

a) 907 = nongentsimo stimo

b) 650 = seiscentsimo quingentsimo
c) 84 = octingentsimo quadragsimo
d) 321 = trigsimo vigsimo primeiro
e) 750 = setingentsimo quinquagsimo

Exemplo: 2438 = dois mil quatrocentos e trinta e oito.

8) Assinale a incorreta quanto aos numerais empregados:
Obs.: se a centena comear por zero, o emprego do e
obrigatrio.
Exemplo: 5062 = cinco mil e sessenta e dois.
Ser tambm obrigatrio o emprego do e se a centena
terminar por zeros.
Exemplo: 2300 = dois mil e trezentos.
c) Se houver vrios grupos de trs algarismos, omite-se o e
entre cada um dos grupos.

a) Voc deve ler o pargrafo segundo.

b) D. Pedro primeiro foi o prncipe regente.
c) Releia o artigo dcimo terceiro.
d) Cludia encenar o captulo quinto.
9) Aponte a alternativa correta:
a) 637 seiscentos e trinta e sete
b) 981 nonagsimo octingentsimo primeiro
c) 123 centsimo ducentsimo terceiro
d) 444 quadringentsimo quadragsimo quarto

6) Formas variantes:

10) As palavras quntuplo e quinto so respectivamente:

a) ambos multiplicativos
b) multiplicativo e fracionrio
c) ambos fracionrios
d) fracionrio e multiplicativo

Alguns numerais admitem formas variantes como catorze

/ quatorze, bilho / bilio.

1-C

Exemplo: 5 450 126 230 = cinco bilhes quatrocentos e cinquenta milhes, cento e vinte e seis mil duzentos e trinta.

Nota: As formas cincoenta (50) e hum (1) so erradas.

RESPOSTAS
3-B
4-C
5-D
7 b) seiscentsimo quinquagsimo
c) octogsimo quarto
d) trecentsimo vigsimo primeiro

2-B

8-C

21

9-D

6-C

10 - B

Lngua Portuguesa
x Quanto acentuao, os pronomes oblquos monossilbicos dividem-se em:

PRONOMES
Pronomes so palavras que substituem os substantivos
ou os determinam, indicando a pessoa do discurso.

a) tnicos: mim, ti, si

b) tonos: me, te, se, lhe, lhes, o, a, os, as, nos, vos
x Associados a verbos terminados em r, -s ou z e
palavra eis, os pronomes o, a, os, as assumem antigas formas lo, la, los, ls, caindo aquelas consoantes. Exemplos:

A interpretao de um pronome depende de suas relaes textuais. De acordo com essas funes de representar,
retomar ou anunciar, o pronome pode ser:
a) pronome substantivo:

Mandaram prend-lo.
Ei-lo aqui!

quando identifica a pessoa gramatical;

quando retoma um substantivo a que j se fez referncia
no contexto lingustico ou antecipa termos a que se far ainda
referncia.

Associados a verbos terminados em ditongo nasal (-am, em, -o, -e), os ditos pronomes tomam a forma no, na, nos,
nas:

As duas funes podem ocorrer ao mesmo tempo.

Trazem-no.
Do-nos de graa.

Fiquei muito tempo sem saber que eu tinha me e que

ela estava muito tempo perto de mim, diz Sally.

x Pronomes oblquos reflexivos so os que se referem

ao sujeito da orao, sendo da mesma pessoa que
este. Exemplos:

No trecho acima, eu remete a Sally, a autora do enunciado; ela representa ao substantivo me, anteriormente expresso.
b) pronome adjetivo: quando acompanha um substantivo
explcito no texto. Funciona como um adjetivo, embora no
atribua qualidade ao ser designado pelo substantivo.

Alexandre s pensa em si.

Eu me machuquei na escada.
Com exceo de o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, os demais pronomes oblquos podem ser reflexivos.

Aquela fazenda fica to longe daqui...

x Os pronomes migo, tigo, sigo, nosco, vosco, do portugus antigo, se combinaram com a preposio com,
dando as formas atuais: comigo, contigo, conosco,
convosco.

O pronome destacado um pronome adjetivo, j que

acompanha um substantivo.
CLASSIFICAO E EMPREGO DOS PRONOMES

PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS

PRONOMES PESSOAIS

Os pronomes possessivos referem-se s pessoas do

discurso, atribuindo-lhes a posse de alguma coisa. Por exemplo, na frase:

So palavras que substituem os substantivos e representam as pessoas do discurso.

x As pessoas do discurso so trs:
1 pessoa a que fala: eu, ns
2 pessoa - a com quem se fala: tu, vs
3 pessoa a de que se fala: ele, ela, eles, elas

Meu palet azul-marinho.

A palavra meu informa que o palet pertence 1 pessoa
(eu). Meu, portanto, um pronome possessivo.

x Os pronomes pessoais se dividem em retos e oblquos.

Os pronomes retos funcionam, em regra, como sujeito da
orao, e os oblquos, como objetos ou complementos.
Exemplos:
sujeito
Eu
Ela

objeto
te
me

verbo
convido.
chamou.

Quadro dos pronomes possessivos

pronomes possessivos
singular

1 pessoa
2 pessoa
3 pessoa

meu, minha, meus minhas

teu, tua, teus, tuas
seu, sua, seus, suas

plural

1 pessoa
2 pessoa
3 pessoa

nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas

vosso, vossa, vossos, vossas
seu, sua, seus, suas

Quadro dos pronomes pessoais singular e plural

pessoas do
discurso

retos

Emprego
x

oblquos

1 pessoa
2 pessoa
3 pessoa

eu
tu
ele / ela

me, mim, comigo

te, ti, contigo
o, a, lhe, se, si, consigo

1 pessoa
2 pessoa
3 pessoa

ns
vs
eles / elas

nos, conosco
vos, convosco
os, as, lhes, se, si, consigo

Os possessivos seu(s), sua(s) tanto podem referir-se

3 pessoa (seu pai = o pai dele), como 2 pessoa, do
discurso (seu pai = o pai de voc).

Por isso toda vez que os ditos possessivos derem margem ambiguidade, devem ser substitudos pelas expresses dele(s), dela(s).
Voc sabe bem que eu no sigo a opinio dele.

22

Lngua Portuguesa
x Os possessivos devem ser usados com critrio. Substitu-los pelos pronomes oblquos comunica frase
desenvoltura e elegncia

Situao no contexto lingustico

-

O Sr. casado h 69 anos. Como essa experincia?

(a experincia de ser casado h 69 anos)

O vento vindo do mar acariciava-lhe os cabelos.

x Alm da ideia de posse, podem ainda os possessivos
exprimir:

O pronome situa a palavra no contexto lingustico, ou

seja, retoma uma informao previamente fornecida.
No caso seguinte, diferente dos anteriores, o pronome
introduz um elemento novo no enunciado:

1) clculo aproximado, estimativa:

Creio que o grande desafio justamente este, tornar feliz

a infncia.

Ele poder ter seus quarenta e cinco anos.

2) familiaridade ou ironia, aludindo-se personagem de uma
histria:

Neste caso, o pronome antecede a nova informao.

O nosso homem no se deu por vencido.

Quadro dos pronomes demonstrativos
3) o mesmo que os indefinidos certo, algum:
pronomes demonstrativos
Cornlio, como sabemos, teve suas horas amargas.
4) afetividade, cortesia:
Como vai, meu menino?

1 pessoa

este, esta, estes, estas, isto

2 pessoa

esse, essa, esses, essas, isso

3 pessoa

aquele, aquela, aqueles, aquelas, aquilo

x No plural se usam os possessivos substantivados no

sentido de parentes, famlia:

Emprego dos pronomes demonstrativos

assim que um moo deve zelar o nome dos seus?

Podem os possessivos serem modificados por um advrbio de intensidade:
Levaria a mo ao colar de prolas, com aquele gesto to
seu, quando no sabia o que dizer.
x Quando desnecessrios, omitem-se os pronomes
possessivos, principalmente antes de nomes de partes do corpo:
Estendi o brao para apanhar a flor.
PRONOMES DEMONSTRATIVOS
Pronomes demonstrativos so os que indicam o lugar, a
posio ou a identidade dos seres, relativamente s pessoas
do discurso. Exemplos:
Situao no espao

1 De modo geral, os demonstrativos este(s), esta(s), isto

se aplicam a pessoas ou coisas que se acham perto da pessoa que fala ou lhe dizem respeito; ao passo que esse(s),
essa(s), isso aludem a coisas que ficam prximas da pessoa
com quem se fala ou a ela se referem.
Exemplos:
Leve este livro para voc.
Esta a minha opinio.
No sei onde andas com essa cabea.
Praxinoa, esse teu vestido de pregas te vai muito bem.
(Ceclia Meireles)
Isto (que eu tenho) o que h de melhor.
Isso (que dizes) no me parece certo.
Campanhas de vacinao sempre provocaram resistncia, mas isso era antigamente.
(Joo Ubaldo Ribeiro)
2 Usa-se nisto adverbialmente, como sinnimo de nesse
momento, nesse entretempo.

Vou fechar esta porta.

(A porta est perto do falante.)

Nisto deu um vento e uma folha caiu. (Monteiro Lobato)

Por favor, feche essa porta!

(A porta est perto do ouvinte.)

No raro os demonstrativos aparecem na frase, em construes redundantes, com finalidade expressiva, para salientar algum termo anterior:

Quem poderia fechar aquela porta?

(A porta est afastada do falante e dos ouvintes.)
Situao no tempo
Neste momento, todos os bares esto repletos.
(tempo presente em relao ao falante.)
Essa noite eu o procurei e contei a verdade.
(tempo passado pouco distante em relao ao falante.)
Naquele tempo ainda no havia microcomputadores.
(tempo distante em relao ao falante.)

Bernardina, essa que dera em cheio casando com o Manuel da Ventosa.

(Alexandre Herculano)
A estrada do mar, larga e oscilante, essa, sim, o tentava.
(Jorge Amado)
Ora o povo, esse o que precisa saber que existe Deus.
(Camilo Castelo Branco)
Subindo pelo Vale do Itaja, alcanamos Brusque e, depois, Blumenau, cidades essas que nos impressionaram pela
sua avanada indstria fabril.
Ter sede e no poder beber, isso que atroz!

23

Lngua Portuguesa
4 O pronome demonstrativo neutro o pode representar um
termo ou contedo de uma orao inteira, caso em que aparece geralmente, como objeto direto, predicativo ou aposto.
Exemplos:
Ia dizer-lhe umas palavras duras, mas no o fiz.
Quiseram gratificar-me, o que me deixou constrangido.
Ningum teve coragem de falar antes que ela o fizesse.
(Jos Conde)
Era uma bela ponte, ele prprio o reconhecia.
(Anbal Machado)
Era meu o universo; mas, ai triste! no o era de graa.
(Machado de Assis)
Se lagoa existiu, pouca coisa o indica.
(Carlos Povina Cavalcanti)
Dirs que sou ambicioso? Soubo deveras, mas...
(Machado de Assis)
O jantar ia ser um desastre. Todos o pressentiam.
(Fernando Namora)
Para evitar a repetio de um verbo anteriormente expresso, comum empregar-se, em tais casos, o verbo fazer,
chamado, ento, verbo vicrio (= que substitui, que faz as
vezes de). Exemplos:
Ia dizer-lhe umas palavras duras, mas no o fiz.
Ele ajudava os pobres e o fazia sem alarde.
O jornal informa e o faz corretamente, afirmava, vitorioso,
o editorial. (Jorge Amado)
5 Em frases como a seguinte, este refere-se pessoa
mencionada em ltimo lugar, aquele mencionada em primeiro lugar:
O referido advogado e o Dr. Tancredo Lopes eram amigos ntimos: aquele casado, solteiro este. (Valentim Magalhes)
PRONOMES RELATIVOS
Pronomes relativos so palavras que representam substantivos j referidos, com os quais esto relacionadas. Da
denominarmos relativos.

2. Antecedente no expresso
Quem no tem co, caa com gato.
Onde eu nasci passa um rio.
Quadro dos pronomes relativos
pronomes relativos
variveis
o qual, os quais, a qual, as quais
cujo, cujos, cuja, cujas
quanto, quantos, quanta, quantas

invariveis
que
quem
onde

Emprego dos pronomes relativos

1 O antecedente do pronome relativo que pode ser
nome de coisa ou de pessoa, ou o demonstrativo o, ou outro
pronome. Exemplos:
H coisas que aprendemos tarde.
Vi-a falar com desdm, e um pouco de indignao, da
mulher de que se tratava, alis sua amiga.
(Machado de Assis)
Bendito o que, na terra, o fogo fez, e o teto.
(Olavo Bilac)
O relativo que s vezes equivale a o que, coisa que, e se
refere a uma orao:
No chegou a ser padre, mas no deixou de ser poeta,
que era a sua vocao natural. (Machado de Assis)
2 Numa srie de oraes adjetivas coordenadas, pode
ocorrer a elipse do relativo que:
A sala estava cheia de gente que conversava, ria, fumava. (Lcio de Mendona)
3 O relativo quem sempre regido de preposio e, na
lngua moderna, se refere exclusivamente a pessoas ou coisas personificadas:
O funcionrio por quem fui atendido mostrou-se gentil.

Antecedente

Ao encontro malsoante sem quem deve-se preferir sem o

qual:

O termo j referido anteriormente, retomado na nova

orao pelo pronome relativo, chama-se antecedente.

Estvamos esperando Otvio, sem o qual no podamos

sair.

As mos que dizem adeus so pssaros...

(Mrio Quintana)
(mos =antecedente)
(que = pronome relativo)
O antecedente pode estar expresso ou no na orao.
1. Antecedente expresso
O pssaro legendrio uirapuru, que imita todos os demais,
canta para aqueles que amam as aves e a sua msica.
(Luiz Carlos Lisboa)
Os italianos dirigem-se principalmente para o Sul da provncia, onde se dedicam lavoura de subsistncia e vitivinicultura.
(Almanaque Abril)
uma velha mesa esta sobre a qual bato hoje a minha
crnica.
(Vincius de Moraes)

4 Cujo (e suas flexes) pronome adjetivo e equivale a

do qual, da qual, dos quais, das quais:
O cavalo um animal cujo pelo liso. (= o pelo do qual
liso)
O substantivo determinado por este pronome no vir
precedido de artigo: cujo pelo (e no cujo o pelo).
5 O relativo o qual (e suas flexes), principalmente
quando regido de preposio, pode substituir o pronome que:
um passado extinto e de que (ou do qual) ningum se
lembra.
Por amor da clareza usa-se o qual em vez de que, quando este vier distanciado de seu antecedente, ensejando falsos sentidos:
Regressando de Ouro Preto, visitei o stio de minha tia, o
qual me deixou encantado.

24

Lngua Portuguesa
6 As preposies ante, aps, at, desde, durante, entre,
perante, mediante, segundo (vale dizer, preposies com
duas ou mais slabas), bem como as monosslabas sem e
sob e todas as locues prepositivas, constroem-se com o
pronome, o qual e nunca com o pronome relativo que. As
preposies contra, para e sobre usam-se, de preferncia,
com o pronome o qual. Exemplos:

2) cada
Pode apresentar-se na frase com valor:
a) distributivo: Cada livro custou dez dlares!
b) Intensivo: L na cidade tem cada moa bonita!
3) demais

Perguntei-lhe quantos eram os temas sobre os quais ele

devia falar.
Teve ento incio um breve cerimonial contbil, durante o
qual s se ouvia o rudo da pena arranhando o papel.
(Herberto Sales)
E Lusa estaria presente a ltima testemunha perante a
qual ele seria invisvel ao vexame.
(Fernando Namora)
As preposies monossilbicas a, com, de, em e por,
quando iniciam oraes adjetivas restritivas, empregam-se,
de preferncia, com o pronome que:
A moa [a que me refiro] no desta cidade.
No encontrei os livros [de que precisava].

Significa os outros, os restantes:

Dos quadros que fiz s tenho dois: os demais eu vendi.
4) menos, mais
Menos invarivel:
preciso gastar menos gua.
Mais significa muitos, uma infinidade, em frases como:
Os ndios avanavam, atirando flechas e mais flechas.
5) nenhum

PRONOME INDEFINIDO
Proposto ao substantivo, aviva a negao:
Os pronomes indefinidos so os que se referem terceira
pessoa do discurso, de modo vago ou impreciso.
Algum arrematou a obra de Portinari no leilo.
Todos cumpriram seu dever cvico.

6) certo
Antepe-se ao substantivo, podendo, em alguns casos, vir
precedido do artigo um:

Quadro dos pronomes indefinidos

pronomes indefinidos
variveis
algum, alguma, alguns, algumas
nenhum, nenhuma, nenhuns, nenhumas
todo, toda, todos, todas
muito, muita, muitos, muitas
pouco, pouca, poucos, poucas
certo, certa, certos, certas
outro, outra, outros, outras
quanto, quanta, quantos, quantas
tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas
vrio, vria, vrios, vrias
diverso, diversa, diversos, diversas
qualquer, quaisquer

Tinha certo ar de superioridade.

Chegamos ao stio de um certo Eufrsio.

invariveis
algo
algum
nada
ningum
tudo
cada
outrem
quem
mais
menos
demais

7) qual
Como pronome indefinido, tem o sentido de cada qual:
Em seguida desceram, e j no eram dois, mas sim dez
meninos, qual mais fagueiro, e todos diziam que iam acabar
com a ratazana. (Lus Henrique Tavares)
8) qualquer
O plural deste pronome quaisquer:

Locues pronominais indefinidas

Executamos quaisquer servios.

cada um / cada uma / cada qual

quem quer que / quantos quer que
toda aquela que / todo aquele que
seja quem for / seja qual for
qualquer um / qualquer um
um ou outro / uma ou outra
tal e tal / tal qual / tal e qual / tal ou qual

Pode apresentar-se com sentido depreciativo:

A inteno dele mostrar que no criado de qualquer.
(Machado de Assis)
9) todo
Modernamente, costuma-se distinguir todo (= cada, qualquer) e todo o (= inteiro, completo):

Emprego dos pronomes indefinidos

1) algum
Anteposto ao substantivo, tem significao positiva; proposto, apresenta valor negativo:
Algum amigo os traiu. (= um amigo)
Amigo algum os traiu. (=nenhum amigo)

Seu Ivo no mora em parte nenhuma.

(Graciliano Ramos)

Li todo o livro. (= o livro todo ou inteiro)

Li todo livro que encontrasse. (= cada ou qualquer livro)
Usa-se como advrbio, no sentido de completamente,
mas geralmente flexionando-se em gnero e nmero:
Os ips estavam todos floridos.
A roupa estava toda molhada.

25

Lngua Portuguesa
10) tudo

FORMAS DE TRATAMENTO

Pode-se dizer, indiferentemente, tudo que ou tudo o que:

Esquea tudo que ficou atrs.
Esquea tudo o que ficou atrs.

Entre os pronomes pessoais incluem-se os pronomes de

tratamento, que so palavras ou expresses utilizadas para
as pessoas com quem se fala. So, portanto, pronomes de 2
pessoa, embora sejam empregados com verbo na 3 pessoa.
Esses pronomes, que aparecem apenas na linguagem
formal, expressam uma atitude cerimoniosa do emissor em
relao ao interlocutor ou pessoa de quem se fala.

PRONOMES INTERROGATIVOS
Os pronomes interrogativos so os pronomes indefinidos
usados na formulao de perguntas diretas ou indiretas.
Que pas este?
Quem vem l?
Quero saber quem vem l

Vossa Alteza precisa descansar.

Quando se referir 3 pessoa, o pronome de tratamento
precedido de sua:
Sua Alteza retornar em Breve.

Quadro dos pronomes interrogativos

Quadro dos pronomes de tratamento
pronomes interrogativos
qual e quais
quanto, quantos, quanta, quantas

que
quem

pronomes de
tratamento

abreviatura
singular

plural

v.

v v.

Voc

Emprego dos pronomes interrogativos

Usado para pessoas familiares, ntimas.

1) que

Senhor, Senhora

pronome substantivo quando equivaler a que coisa.

Nesse caso, admite tambm a forma o que.

Sr., Sr.

Srs., Sr.

as

Usados para manter uma distncia respeitosa.

Vossa Senhoria

V.S.

V.S.

as

Usado para correspondncias comerciais.

Mas que significa isso? perguntou o moo insatisfeito...
(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)

Vossa Excelncia

V.Ex.

V.Ex.

as

Usado para altas autoridades: presidente, etc.

2) quem

Vossa Eminncia

V.Em.

V.Em.

as

Usado para cardeais.

pronome substantivo e refere-se a pessoas.

Vossa Alteza
- Quem sou eu? ele perguntou num ltimo esforo.
(Otto Lara Resende)

V.A.

V V.A A.

V.S.

V.Rev.ma

V.Rev.mas

Usado para prncipes e duques

Vossa Santidade
Usado para o Papa

3) qual

Vossa Reverendssima

Pode ser pronome adjetivo ou substantivo:

Usado para sacerdotes e religiosos em geral.

- Quais so os smbolos da ptria? (pronome adjetivo)

- Leve esses livros daqui!! Agora!
- Quais? (pronome substantivo)

Vossa Magnificncia

V.Mag.a

V.Mag.as

Usado para reitores de universidades.

Vossa Majestade

4) quanto

V.M.

V V.M M.

Usado para reis e rainhas.

Pode ser pronome substantivo ou pronome adjetivo:

O pronome voc

Perguntei quanto era. (pronome substantivo)

- Quanto tempo faz que a gente no se encontra? (pronome adjetivo)

O pronome voc perdeu seu carter de tratamento cerimonioso sendo hoje, no Brasil, utilizado em situaes informais, substituindo o pronome de segunda pessoa tu.

5) cad?

Voc sempre foi resistente ideia de gravar discos. O que

o fez mudar de ideia?

A expresso que feito de, reduzida para que de, deu

origem aos interrogativos cad, quede e qued, bastante
utilizados na linguagem coloquial e j incorporados pela literatura.
E cad doutor? Cad remdio? Cad jeito?
(Monteiro Lobato)
Qued o meu dinheiro?
(O que feito do meu dinheiro?)

Como se v pelo exemplo, voc faz referncia segunda

pessoa, mas exige verbo na terceira.
Este pronome resulta das transformaes fonticas pelas
quais passou o pronome de tratamento Vossa Merc.
Apesar de ser considerado pela NGB como pronome de
tratamento, voc enquadra-se mais apropriadamente na
categoria de pronome pessoal, visto que substitui tu em quase todo o territrio brasileiro.

26

Lngua Portuguesa
Deve-se notar ainda o emprego de voc como pronome
que indetermina o sujeito:
Mas o que voc pode fazer contra as foras da natureza?
A norma culta da lngua condena esse emprego do termo,
preferindo a impessoalizao com o pronome se:
O que se pode fazer contra as foras da natureza?
A expresso a gente
Na linguagem coloquial, o pronome ns frequentemente
substitudo por a gente.
Um segurana nos xingou e queria nos agredir para que a
gente sasse da estao.
A expresso pode ainda apresentar valor impessoal,
indeterminado:
Eu sabia os riscos que estava correndo. A gente sempre
pensa: comigo no vai acontecer. A aconteceu, diz.
(a gente pensa = pensa-se)
A norma culta da lngua tende a rejeitar essas construes, comuns na fala coloquial.
Senhor, senhora, senhorita
Os pronomes senhor, senhora e senhorita so largamente
utilizados no Brasil como forma de respeito e cortesia.

1 Identifique a alternativa em que todas as palavras destacadas so pronomes:

Um s aluno nos prestou nenhuma colaborao.
Quem a ajudar a alcanar todo o sucesso?
Aquele ao qual se entregou o prmio ficou muito feliz.
Todos os que ajudam so nossos amigos.

2 Assinale a alternativa que completa, corretamente, a

frase:
Era para _______ falar _______ ontem, mas no _______
localizei em parte alguma.
a)
b)
c)
d)

5 Considere os enunciados a seguir:

I. O senhor no deixe de comparecer. Precisamos do seu
apoio.
II. Voc quer que te digamos a verdade?
III. Vossa Excelncia conseguiu realizar todos os vossos
intentos?
IV. Vossa Majestade no deve preocupar-se unicamente com
os problemas dos seus auxiliares diretos.
Verifica-se que h falta de uniformidade no emprego das
pessoas gramaticais nos enunciados:
a)
b)
c)
d)

II e IV
III e IV
I e IV
II e III

6 Assinale a alternativa correta quanto ao emprego do pronome relativo:

a) um homem em cuja honestidade se pode confiar.
b) Machado de Assis foi um escritor que as obras ficaram
clebres.
c) Comprou uma casa suntuosa, cuja casa lhe custou uma
fortuna.
d) Preciso de um pincel delicado, sem o cujo no poderei
assinar minha obra.
7 - Por favor, empreste-me .......... lpis que est a perto de
voc. .......... aqui est com a ponta quebrada para ..........
fazer o exerccio.

EXERCCIOS

a)
b)
c)
d)

c) mim ti - eu mim ti
d) eu ti mim mim tu

mim comigo o
eu com ele o
eu com ele lhe
mim consigo lhe

3 Assinale a alternativa em que o pronome destacado foi

empregado corretamente:
a) Aguarde um instante. Quero falar consigo.
b) lamentvel, mas isso sempre ocorre com ns dois.
c) O processo est a para mim examinar.
d) Vossa Senhoria preocupa-se com problemas cuja soluo foge a vossa alada.

a) este; Esse; mim

b) este; Esse; eu
c) esse; Este; eu
d) esse; Este; mim
8 - Assinale o item em que h erro no emprego do pronome
demonstrativo:
a) Paulo, que isso que voc leva?
b) Amai vossos irmos! so essas as verdadeiras palavras
de amor.
c) Trinta de dezembro de 1977! Foi significativo para mim
esse dia.
d) Pedro, esse livro que est com Jos meu.
e) No estou de acordo com aquelas palavras que Jos pronunciou.
9 - Assinale o item em que houve erro no emprego do proa
nome de 1 pessoa, pois usou-se a forma oblqua no lugar da
reta:
a) Vieram at mim rapidamente
b) cedo para mim dar a resposta
c) Para mim ele o maior
d) Ela chegou antes de mim

4 Identifique a srie de pronomes que completa adequadamente as lacunas do seguinte perodo:

Os desentendimentos entre ______ e _____ advm de uma
insegurana que a vida estabeleceu para _______traar um
caminho que vai de _______ a ______ .
a) eu tu eu mim tu
b) mim ti mim mim tu

27

1-D
4-C
7-C

RESPOSTAS
2-B
3-B
5-D
6-A
8-C
9-B

Lngua Portuguesa
VERBO
Verbo uma palavra que exprime ao, estado, fato ou
fenmeno.

5) Para marcar um fato futuro, mas prximo; neste caso,

para impedir qualquer ambiguidade, se faz acompanhar geralmente de um adjunto adverbial:
Outro dia eu volto, talvez depois de amanh...
(A. Bessa Lus)
PRETRITO IMPERFEITO DO INDICATIVO

Dentre as classes de palavras, o verbo a mais rica em

flexes. Com efeito, o verbo possui diferentes flexes para
indicar a pessoa do discurso, o nmero, o tempo, o modo e a
voz. O verbo flexiona-se em nmero e pessoa:
1 pessoa
2 pessoa
3 pessoa

singular
eu trabalho
tu trabalhas
ele trabalha

plural
ns trabalhamos
vs trabalhais
eles trabalham

EMPREGO DE TEMPOS E MODOS VERBAIS

Tempo a variao que indica o momento em que se d
o fato expresso pelo verbo. Os trs tempos naturais so o
Presente, o Pretrito (ou Passado) e o Futuro.
O Presente designa um fato ocorrido no momento em
que se fala; o Pretrito, antes do momento em que se fala;
e o Futuro, aps o momento em que se fala.
Leio uma revista instrutiva. (Presente)
Li uma revista instrutiva. (Pretrito)
Lerei uma revista instrutiva. (Futuro)

A prpria denominao deste tempo Pretrito Imperfeito

ensina-nos o seu valor fundamental: o de designar um fato
passado, mas no concludo (imperfeito = no perfeito, inacabado).
Podemos empreg-lo assim:
1) Quando, pelo pensamento, nos transportamos a uma poca passada e descrevemos o que ento era presente:
O calor ia aumentando e o vento despenteava meu
cabelo.
2) Pelo futuro do pretrito, para denotar um fato que seria
consequncia certa e imediata de outro, que no ocorreu, ou
no poderia ocorrer:
Se eu no fosse mulher, ia tambm!
PRETRITO MAIS-QUE-PERFEITO DO INDICATIVO
1) O Pretrito Mais-Que-Perfeito indica uma ao que ocorreu antes de outra j passada:
A conversa ficara to tediosa, que o homem se desinteressou.

TEMPOS DO MODO INDICATIVO

2) Na linguagem literria emprega-se, s vezes, o mais-queperfeito em lugar:

1) Presente: estudo
a) do futuro do pretrito (simples ou composto):
Um pouco mais de sol e fora (= teria sido) brasa,
Um pouco mais de azul e fora (= teria sido) alm,
Para atingir ... (S Carneiro)

2) Pretrito:
Imperfeito: estudava
Perfeito: estudei
Mais-que-perfeito: estudara

b) do pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo:

Quem me dera! (= quem me desse)
Prouvera a Deus! (= prouvesse a Deus)

3) Futuro:
do Presente: estudarei
do Pretrito: estudaria

FUTURO DO PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO

Dados os tempos do modo indicativo, veremos, em seguida, o emprego dos mesmos e sua correlao.

1) o futuro do presente emprega-se para indicar fatos certos

ou provveis, posteriores ao momento em que se fala:
As aulas comearo depois de amanh.

PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO
2) Como forma polida de presente:
No, no posso ser acusado. Dir o senhor: mas o que aconteceu? E eu lhe direi: sei l! (= digo)

O presente do indicativo emprega-se:

1) Para enunciar um fato atual:
Cai a chuva.
O cu est limpo.

3) Como expresso de uma splica, desejo ou ordem; neste

caso, o tom de voz pode atenuar ou reforar o carter imperativo:
Honrars pai e me!
Lers porm algum dia
Meus versos, dalma arrancados, ... (G. Dias)

2) Para indicar aes e estados permanentes:

A terra gira em torno do prprio eixo.
Deus Pai!
3) Para expressar uma ao habitual do sujeito:
Sou tmido.
Como muito pouco.

FUTURO DO PRETRITO DO INDICATIVO

4) Para dar vivacidade a fatos ocorridos no passado

(presente histrico):
A Avenida o mar dos folies. Serpentinas cortam o
ar..., rolam das escadas, pendem das rvores e dos fios ... (M. Rebelo)

1) O futuro do pretrito emprega-se para designar aes

posteriores poca em que se fala:
Depois de casado, ele se transformaria em um homem
de bem.

28

Lngua Portuguesa
2) Como forma polida de presente, em geral denotadora de
desejo.

PRETRITO PERFEITO DO SUBJUNTIVO

Pode exprimir um fato:

Desejaramos cumprimentar os noivos.

3) Em certas frases interrogativas e exclamativas, para denotar surpresa ou indignao:

1) Passado (supostamente concludo):

Espero que voc tenha encontrado aquele endereo.
2) Futuro (terminado em relao a outro futuro):
Espero que ela tenha feito a lio quando eu voltar.

O nosso amor morreu... Quem o diria?

TEMPOS DO MODO SUBJUNTIVO

PRETRITO MAIS-QUE-PERFEITO
DO SUBJUNTIVO

1) Presente: estude
Pode indicar:
2) Pretrito:
Imperfeito: estudasse
Perfeito: tenha (ou haja) estudado
Mais-que-perfeito: tivesse (ou houvesse) estudado

1) Uma ao anterior a outra passada:

Esperei-a um pouco, at que tivesse terminado seu jantar.

3) Futuro:
Simples: estudar
Composto: tiver (ou houver) estudado

2) Uma ao irreal no passado:

Se a sorte os houvesse coroado com os seus favores,
no lhes faltariam amigos.

Quando nos servimos do modo indicativo, consideramos

o fato expresso pelo verbo como real, certo, seja no presente, seja no passado, seja no futuro.

FUTURO DO SUBJUNTIVO SIMPLES

Ao empregarmos o modo subjuntivo, encaramos a existncia ou no existncia do fato como uma coisa incerta,
duvidosa, eventual ou, mesmo, irreal.

Este tempo verbal marca a eventualidade no futuro e

emprega-se em oraes subordinadas:
Se quiser, irei v-lo.
Farei conforme mandares.
Quando puder, venha ver-me.

Observemos estas frases:

Afirmo que ela estuda. (modo indicativo)
Duvido que ela estude. (modo subjuntivo)
Afirmei que ela estudava. (modo indicativo)
Duvidei que ela estudasse. (modo subjuntivo)

FUTURO DO SUBJUNTIVO COMPOSTO

Indica um fato futuro como terminado em relao a outro
fato futuro (dentro do sentido geral do modo subjuntivo):
D. Flor, no leia este livro; ou, se o houver lido at aqui,
abandone o resto.

PRESENTE DO SUBJUNTIVO
Pode indicar um fato:

MODOS DO VERBO

1) Presente:
No quer dizer que se conheam os homens quando se
duvida deles.
2) Futuro:
No dia em que no faa mais uma criana sorrir, vou vender
abacaxi na feira.
(A. Bessa Lus)
PRETRITO IMPERFEITO DO SUBJUNTIVO

Os modos indicam as diferentes maneiras de um fato se

realizar. So trs:
1) o Indicativo: Exprime um fato certo, positivo:
Vou hoje.
Sairs cedo.
2) o Imperativo: Exprime ordem, proibio, conselho, pedido: Volte logo. No fiquem aqui. Sede prudentes.
3) o Subjuntivo: Enuncia um fato possvel, duvidoso,
hipottico: possvel que chova. Se voc trabalhasse...

Pode ter o valor de:

1) Passado:
Todos os domingos, chovesse ou fizesse sol, estava eu
l.
2) Futuro:
Aos sbados, treinava o discurso destinado ao filho que
chegasse primeiro.
3) Presente:
Tivesses corao, terias tudo.

Alm desses trs modos, existem as formas nominais

do verbo (infinitivo, gerndio, particpio), que enunciam um
fato de maneira vaga, imprecisa, impessoal.
1) Infinitivo: plantar, vender, ferir.
2) Gerndio: plantando, vendendo, ferindo.
3) Particpio: plantado, vendido, ferido.
Chamam-se formas nominais porque, sem embargo de
sua significao verbal, podem desempenhar as funes
prprias dos nomes substantivos e adjetivos: o andar, gua
fervendo, tempo perdido.

29

Lngua Portuguesa
O Infinitivo pode ser Pessoal ou Impessoal.

A DNP (desinncia nmero-pessoal) indica que o verbo est

na 1 pessoa do plural. A DMT (desinncia modo-temporal
indica que o verbo est no futuro do presente do indicativo.

1) Pessoal, quando tem sujeito:

Para sermos vencedores preciso lutar.
(sujeito oculto ns)

Dividem-se os tempos em primitivos e derivados.

So tempos primitivos:

2) Impessoal, quando no tem sujeito:

Ser ou no ser, eis a questo.

1) o Infinitivo Impessoal.

O infinitivo pessoal ora se apresenta flexionado, ora no

flexionado:

2) o Presente do Indicativo (1 e 2 pessoa do singular e 2

pessoa do plural).

Flexionado: andares, andarmos, andardes, andarem

3) o Pretrito Perfeito do Indicativo (3 pessoa do plural).

FORMAO DO IMPERATIVO

No flexionado: andar eu, andar ele.

Quanto voz, os verbos se classificam em:

O imperativo afirmativo deriva do presente do indicativo,

da segunda pessoa do singular (tu) e da segunda do plural
(vs), mediante a supresso do s final; as demais pessoas
(voc, ns, vocs) so tomadas do presente do subjuntivo.

1) Ativos: O sujeito faz a ao.

O patro chamou o empregado.
2) Passivos: O sujeito sofre a ao.
O empregado foi chamado pelo patro.

O imperativo negativo no possui, em Portugus, formas

especiais; suas pessoas so iguais s correspondentes do
presente do subjuntivo.

3) Reflexivos: O sujeito faz e recebe a ao.

A criana feriu-se na gangorra.

O infinitivo, em portugus, pode ser pessoal

(quando tem sujeito) ou impessoal (quando no tem
sujeito). Veja:

Verbos Auxiliares so os que se juntam a uma forma nominal de outro verbo para constituir os tempos compostos e as
locues verbais: ter, haver, ser, estar.

impessoal
cantar

Tenho estudado muito esta semana.

Jacinto havia chegado naquele momento.
Somos castigados pelos nossos erros.
O mecnico estava consertando o carro.
O secretrio vai anunciar os resultados.
Os verbos da lngua portuguesa se agrupam em trs
conjugaes, de conformidade com a terminao do infinitivo:
1) Os da 1 conjugao terminam em ar: cantar
2) Os da 2 conjugao terminam em er: bater
3) Os da 3 conjugao terminam em ir: partir.
Cada conjugao se caracteriza por uma vogal temtica:
A (1 conjugao), E (2 conjugao), I (3 conjugao).

FORMAO DOS TEMPOS COMPOSTOS

Eis como se formam os tempos compostos:
1) Os tempos compostos da voz ativa so formados pelos
verbos auxiliares ter ou haver, seguidos do particpio do verbo principal:

Observaes:

Tenho falado. Haviam sado.

O verbo pr (antigo poer) perdeu a vogal temtica do infinitivo. um verbo anmalo da segunda conjugao.
A nossa lngua possui mais de 11 mil verbos, dos quais
mais de 10 mil so da primeira conjugao.
Num verbo devemos distinguir o radical, que a parte
geralmente invarivel e as desinncias, que variam para
denotar os diversos acidentes gramaticais.
radical
cantcantbatbat-

pessoal
cantar eu
cantares tu
cantar ele
cantarmos ns
cantardes vs
cantarem eles

desinncia
a
or
er
ias

radical
partpartdizdiss

desinncia
ir
imos
er
eram

2) Os tempos compostos da voz passiva se formam com o

concurso simultneo dos auxiliares ter (ou haver) e ser, seguidos do particpio do verbo principal:
Tenho sido maltratado.
Tinham (ou haviam) sido vistos no cinema.
Outro tipo de conjugao composta tambm chamada
conjugao perifrstica so as locues verbais, constitudas de verbo auxiliar mais gerndio ou infinitivo:
Tenho de ir hoje.
Hei de ir amanh.
Estava lendo o jornal.

H a desinncia modo-temporal, indicando a que modo

e tempo a flexo verbal pertence e h a desinncia nmero-pessoal indicando a que pessoa e nmero a flexo verbal
pertence.

Quanto conjugao, dividem-se os verbos em:

Ex.: canta - re mos DNP

DMT

2) Irregulares: os que sofrem alteraes no radical e nas

terminaes afastando-se do paradigma. Dar, ouvir, etc.

1) Regulares: os que seguem um paradigma ou modelo

comum de conjugao. Cantar, bater, partir, etc.

30

Lngua Portuguesa
Entre os irregulares, destacam-se os anmalos, como o
verbo pr (sem vogal temtica no infinitivo), ser e ir (que
apresentam radicais diferentes).
So verbos que possuem profundas modificaes em
seus radicais.
3) Defectivos: os que no possuem a conjugao completa,
no sendo usados em certos modos, tempos ou pessoas:
abolir, reaver, precaver, etc.
CONJUGAO DOS VERBOS AUXILIARES

Futuro do presente simples

serei
sers
ser
seremos
sereis
sero

terei sido
ters sido
ter sido
teremos sido
tereis sido
tero sido

estarei
estars
estar
estaremos
estareis
estaro

terei
ters
ter
teremos
tereis
tero

Futuro do presente composto

terei estado
terei tido
ters estado
ters tido
ter tido
ter estado
teremos estado
teremos tido
tereis estado
tereis tido
tero tido
tero estado

haverei
havers
haver
haveremos
havereis
havero

terei havido
ters havido
ter havido
teremos havido
tereis havido
tero havido

MODO INDICATIVO
Futuro do pretrito simples
Presente
sou
s

somos
sois
so

estou
ests
est
estamos
estais
esto

tenho
tens
tem
temos
tendes
tm

seria
serias
seria
seramos
sereis
seriam

hei
hs
h
havemos
haveis
ho

estaria
estarias
estaria
estaramos
estareis
estariam

teria
terias
teria
teramos
tereis
teriam

haveria
haverias
haveria
haveramos
havereis
haveriam

Futuro do pretrito composto

teria sido
terias sido
teria sido
teramos sido
tereis sido
teriam sido

Pretrito perfeito simples

fui
foste
foi
fomos
fostes
foram

estive
estiveste
esteve
estivemos
estivestes
estiveram

tive
tiveste
teve
tivemos
tivestes
tiveram

houve
houveste
houve
houvemos
houvestes
houveram

teria estado
terias estado
teria estado
teramos estado
tereis estado
teriam estado

teria tido
terias tido
teria tido
teramos tido
tereis tido
teriam tido

teria havido
terias havido
teria havido
teramos
havido
tereis havido
teriam havido

MODO SUBJUNTIVO
Presente

Pretrito perfeito composto

tenho sido
tens sido
tem sido
temos sido
tendes sido
tm sido

tenho estado
tens estado
tem estado
temos estado
tendes estado
tm estado

tenho tido
tens tido
tem tido
temos tido
tendes tido
tm tido

tenho havido
tens havido
tem havido
temos havido
tendes havido
tm havido

seja
sejas
seja
sejamos
sejais
sejam

estava
estavas
estava
estvamos
estveis
estavam

tinha
tinhas
tinha
tnhamos
tnheis
tinham

havia
havias
havia
havamos
haveis
haviam

fosse
fosses
fosse
fssemos
fsseis
fossem

estivera
estiveras
estivera
estivramos
estivreis
estiveram

tivera
tiveras
tivera
tivramos
tivreis
tiveram

haja
hajas
haja
hajamos
hajais
hajam

houvera
houveras
houvera
houvramos
houvreis
houveram

estivesse
estivesses
estivesse
estivssemos
estivsseis
estivessem

tivesse
tivesses
tivesse
tivssemos
tivsseis
tivessem

houvesse
houvesses
houvesse
houvssemos
houvsseis
houvessem

Pretrito perfeito composto

Pretrito mais-que-perfeito simples

fora
foras
fora
framos
freis
foram

tenha
tenhas
tenha
tenhamos
tenhais
tenham

Pretrito Imperfeito

Pretrito imperfeito
era
eras
era
ramos
reis
eram

esteja
estejas
esteja
estejamos
estejais
estejam

tenha sido
tenhas sido
tenha sido
tenhamos
sido
tenhais sido
tenham sido

tenha estado
tenhas estado
tenha estado
tenhamos
estado
tenhais estado
tenham estado

tenha tido
tenhas tido
tenha tido
tenhamos
tido
tenhais tido
tenham tido

tenha havido
tenhas havido
tenha havido
tenhamos
havido
tenhais havido
tenham havido

Pretrito mais-que-perfeito composto

Pretrito mais-que-perfeito composto
tinha sido
tinhas sido
tinha sido
tnhamos
sido
tnheis sido
tinham sido

tinha sido
tinhas sido
tinha sido
tnhamos
sido
tnheis sido
tinham sido

tinha sido
tinhas sido
tinha sido
tnhamos
sido
tnheis sido
tinham sido

tinha sido
tinhas sido
tinha sido
tnhamos
sido
tnheis sido
tinham sido

tivesse sido
tivesses
sido
tivesse sido
tivssemos
sido
tivsseis
sido
tivessem
sido

31

tivesse estado
tivesses
estado
tivesse estado
tivssemos
estado
tivsseis
estado
tivessem
estado

tivesse tido
tivesses
tido
tivesse tido
tivssemos
tido
tivsseis
tido
tivessem
tido

tivesse havido
tivesses
havido
tivesse havido
tivssemos
havido
tivsseis
havido
tivessem
havido

Lngua Portuguesa
Futuro simples
for
fores
for
formos
fordes
forem

estiver
estiveres
estiver
estivermos
estiverdes
estiverem

Gerndio

tiver
tiveres
tiver
tivermos
tiverdes
tiverem

houver
houveres
houver
houvermos
houverdes
houverem

sendo

estando

tiver estado
tiveres estado
tiver estado
tivermos
estado
tiverdes estado
tiverem estado

havendo

Gerndio composto
tendo sido

tendo estado

sido

estado

Futuro composto
tiver sido
tiveres sido
tiver sido
tivermos
sido
tiverdes sido
tiverem sido

tendo

tendo tido

tendo havido

Particpio

tiver tido
tiveres tido
tiver tido
tivermos
tido
tiverdes tido
tiverem tido

tiver havido
tiveres havido
tiver havido
tivermos
havido
tiverdes havido
tiverem havido

tido

havido

O processo verbal pode ser representado por uma locuo verbal (verbo auxiliar + verbo principal em uma de suas
formas nominais). Nas locues verbais, o verbo auxiliar
aparece desprovido de sua significao; no entanto, o responsvel pela indicao das flexes de tempo, pessoa, modo
e nmero.

MODO IMPERATIVO
CONJUGAO DOS VERBOS REGULARES
Afirmativo
s (tu)
seja (voc)
sejamos (ns)
sede (vs)
sejam (vocs)

est (tu)
esteja (voc)
estejamos
(ns)
estai (vs)
estejam
(vocs)

PARADIGMAS DAS CONJUGAES REGULARES

tem (tu)
tenha (voc)
tenhamos
(ns)
tende (vs)
tenham (vocs)

h (tu)
haja (voc)
hajamos
(ns)
havei (vs)
hajam
(vocs)

Modelos
1 conjugao sonhar

2 conjugao receber

3 conjugao decidir

MODO INDICATIVO
Negativo
no sejas (tu)
no seja (voc)
no sejamos
(ns)
no
sejais
(vs)
no
sejam
(vocs)

no
estejas
(tu)
no
esteja
(voc)
no
estejamos (ns)
no estejais
(vs)
no estejam
(vocs)

no tenhas
(tu)
no tenha
(voc)
no tenhamos (ns)
no tenhais
(vs)
no tenham
(vocs)

no hajas
(tu)
no
haja
(voc)
no
hajamos (ns)
no hajais
(vs)
no hajam
(vocs)

Infinitivo impessoal
estar

ter

sonho
sonhas
sonha
sonhamos
sonhais
sonham

recebo
recebes
recebe
recebemos
recebeis
recebem

haver

recebi
recebeste
recebeu
recebemos
recebestes
receberam

ter estado

ter tido

ter havido

Infinitivo pessoal
ser (eu)
seres (tu)
ser (ele)
sermos
(ns)
serdes
(vs)
serem
(eles)

estar (eu)
estares (tu)
estar (ele)
estarmos
(ns)
estardes
(vs)
estarem
(eles)

ter (eu)
teres (tu)
ter (ele)
termos
(ns)
terdes
(vs)
terem
(eles)

haver (eu)
haveres (tu)
haver (ele)
havermos
(ns)
haverdes (vs)
haverem
(eles)

tenho sonhado
tens sonhado
tem sonhado
temos sonhado
tendes sonhado
tm sonhado

tenho recebido
tens recebido
tem recebido
temos recebido
tendes recebido
tm recebido

sonhava
sonhavas
sonhava
sonhvamos
sonhveis
sonhavam

recebia
recebias
recebia
recebamos
recebeis
recebiam

ter estado
teres estado
ter estado
termos
estado
terdes estado
terem estado

ter tido
teres tido
ter tido
termos
tido
terdes tido
terem tido

tenho decidido
tens decidido
tem decidido
temos decidido
tendes decidido
tm decidido

Pretrito imperfeito

Infinitivo pessoal composto

ter sido
teres sido
ter sido
termos sido
terdes sido
terem sido

decidi
decidiste
decidiu
decidimos
decidistes
decidiram

Pretrito perfeito composto

Infinitivo impessoal composto

ter sido

decido
decides
decide
decidimos
decidis
decidem

Pretrito perfeito simples

sonhei
sonhaste
sonhou
sonhamos
sonhastes
sonharam

FORMAS NOMINAIS

ser

Presente

decidia
decidias
decidia
decidamos
decideis
decidiam

Pretrito mais-que-perfeito simples

ter havido
teres havido
ter havido
termos
havido
terdes havido
terem havido

sonhara
sonharas
sonhara
sonhramos
sonhreis
sonharam

32

recebera
receberas
recebera
recebramos
recebreis
receberam

decidira
decidiras
decidira
decidramos
decidreis
decidiram

Lngua Portuguesa
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito composto

Pretrito mais-que-perfeito composto

tinha sonhado
tinhas sonhado
tinha sonhado
tnhamos
sonhado
tnheis sonhado
tinham sonhado

tinha recebido
tinhas recebido
tinha recebido
tnhamos
recebido
tnheis recebido
tinham recebido

tinha decidido
tinhas decidido
tinha decidido
tnhamos
decidido
tnheis decidido
tinham decidido

tivesse sonhado
tivesses sonhado
tivesse sonhado
tivssemos
sonhado
tivsseis sonhado
tivessem sonhado

tivesse recebido
tivesses recebido
tivesse recebido
tivssemos
recebido
tivsseis recebido
tivessem recebido

tivesse decidido
tivesses decidido
tivesse decidido
tivssemos
decidido
tivsseis decidido
tivessem decidido

Futuro simples
Futuro do presente simples
sonharei
sonhars
sonhar
sonharemos
sonhareis
sonharo

receberei
recebers
receber
receberemos
recebereis
recebero

sonhar
sonhares
sonhar
sonharmos
sonhardes
sonharem

decidirei
decidirs
decidir
decidiremos
decidireis
decidiro

receber
receberes
receber
recebermos
receberdes
receberem

decidir
decidires
decidir
decidirmos
decidirdes
decidirem

Futuro composto
Futuro do presente composto
terei sonhado
ters sonhado
ter sonhado
teremos sonhado
tereis sonhado
tero sonhado

terei recebido
ters recebido
ter recebido
teremos recebido
tereis recebido
tero recebido

terei decidido
ters decidido
ter decidido
teremos decidido
tereis decidido
tero decidido

tiver sonhado
tiveres sonhado
tiver sonhado
tivermos sonhado
tiverdes sonhado
tiverem sonhado

tiver recebido
tiveres recebido
tiver recebido
tivermos recebido
tiverdes recebido
tiverem recebido

tiver decidido
tiveres decidido
tiver decidido
tivermos decidido
tiverdes decidido
tiverem decidido

MODO IMPERATIVO
Futuro do pretrito simples
sonharia
sonharias
sonharia
sonharamos
sonhareis
sonhariam

receberia
receberias
receberia
receberamos
recebereis
receberiam

decidiria
decidirias
decidiria
decidiramos
decidireis
decidiriam

Afirmativo
sonha (tu)
sonhe (voc)
sonhemos (ns)
sonhai (vs)
sonhem (vocs)

recebe (tu)
receba (voc)
recebamos (ns)
recebei (vs)
recebam (vocs)

decide (tu)
decida (voc)
decidamos (ns)
decidi (vs)
decidam (vocs)

Futuro do pretrito composto

teria sonhado
terias sonhado
teria sonhado
teramos sonhado
tereis sonhado
teriam sonhado

teria recebido
terias recebido
teria recebido
teramos recebido
tereis recebido
teriam recebido

teria decidido
terias decidido
teria decidido
teramos decidido
tereis decidido
teriam decidido

MODO SUBJUNTIVO

Negativo
no sonhes (tu)
no sonhe (voc)
no
sonhemos
(ns)
no sonheis
(vs)
no
sonhem
(vocs)

Presente
sonhe
sonhes
sonhe
sonhemos
sonheis
sonhem

receba
recebas
receba
recebamos
recebais
recebam

decida
decidas
decida
decidamos
decidais
decidam

recebesse
recebesses
recebesse
recebssemos
recebsseis
recebessem

Infinitivo impessoal
sonhar

decidisse
decidisses
decidisse
decidssemos
decidsseis
decidissem

receber

tenha recebido
tenhas recebido
tenha recebido
tenhamos recebido
tenhais recebido
tenham recebido

decidir

Infinitivo impessoal composto

ter sonhado

Pretrito perfeito composto

tenha sonhado
tenhas sonhado
tenha sonhado
tenhamos sonhado
tenhais sonhado
tenham sonhado

no decidas (tu)
no decida (voc)
no
decidamos
(ns)
no
decidais
(vs)
no
decidam
(vocs)

FORMAS NOMINAIS

Pretrito imperfeito
sonhasse
sonhasses
sonhasse
sonhssemos
sonhsseis
sonhassem

no recebas (tu)
no receba (voc)
no
recebamos
(ns)
no recebais
(vs)
no recebam
(vocs)

ter recebido

ter decidido

Infinitivo pessoal
tenha decidido
tenhas decidido
tenha decidido
tenhamos decidido
tenhais decidido
tenham decidido

sonhar (eu)
sonhares (tu)
sonhar (ele)
sonharmos (ns)
sonhardes (vs)
sonharem (eles)

33

receber (eu)
receberes (tu)
receber (ele)
recebermos (ns)
receberdes (vs)
receberem (eles)

decidir (eu)
decidires (tu)
decidir (ele)
decidirmos (ns)
decidirdes (vs)
decidirem (eles)

Lngua Portuguesa
Infinitivo pessoal composto
ter sonhado
teres sonhado
ter sonhado
termos sonhado
terdes sonhado
terem sonhado

ter recebido
teres recebido
ter recebido
termos recebido
terdes recebido
terem recebido

ter decidido
teres decidido
ter decidido
termos decidido
terdes decidido
terem decidido

Presente do subjuntivo: nomeie, nomeies, nomeie, nomeemos,

nomeeis, nomeiem.
Imperativo afirmativo: nomeia, nomeie, nomeemos, nomeai, nomeiem.
regular o resto da conjugao.
Assim se conjugam: apear, atear, cear, folhear, frear, passear,
gear, bloquear, granjear, hastear, lisonjear, semear, arrear, recrear,
estrear, etc.
Odiar

Gerndio
sonhando

recebendo

Presente do indicativo: odeio, odeias, odeia, odiamos, odiais, odeiam.

Pretrito imperfeito: odiava, odiavas, odiava, odivamos, odiveis,
odiavam.
Pretrito perfeito: odiei, odiaste, odiou, odiamos, odiastes, odiaram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: odiara, odiaras, odiara, odiramos,
odireis, odiaram.
Presente do subjuntivo: odeie, odeies, odeie, odiemos, odieis,
odeiem.
Imperativo afirmativo: odeia, odeie, odiemos, odiai, odeiem.

decidindo

Gerndio composto
tendo sonhado

tendo recebido

tendo decidido

Particpio
sonhado

recebido

Assim se conjugam: mediar, remediar, incendiar, ansiar, etc.

decidido
Optar

VERBOS IRREGULARES
A seguir, apresentamos algumas conjugaes dos principais verbos irregulares:

Presente do indicativo: opto, optas, opta, optamos, optais, optam.

Presente do subjuntivo: opte, optes, opte, optemos, opteis, optem.

1 CONJUGAO - ar

Obs.: No caso do verbo optar a irregularidade est na pronncia. Nas trs pessoas do singular e na terceira do plural do presente
do indicativo e do presente do subjuntivo, a vogal o do radical
pronunciada aberta e fortemente.

Aguar

2 CONJUGAO - er

Presente do indicativo: guo, guas, gua, aguamos, aguais,

guam.
Pretrito perfeito: aguei, aguaste, aguou, aguamos, aguastes,
aguaram.
Presente do subjuntivo: gue, gues, gue, aguemos, agueis,
guem.
Verbo regular nos demais tempos. Assim se conjugam desaguar, enxaguar e minguar.
Dar
Presente do indicativo: dou, ds, d, damos, dais, do.
Pretrito perfeito: dei, deste, deu, demos, destes, deram.
Pretrito imperfeito: dava, davas, dava, dvamos, dveis, davam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: dera, deras, dera, dramos, dreis,
deram.
Futuro do presente: darei, dars, dar, daremos, dareis, daro.
Futuro do pretrito: daria, darias, daria, daramos, dareis, dariam.
Presente do subjuntivo: d, ds, d, demos, deis, deem.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: desse, desses, desse, dssemos, dsseis, dessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: der, deres, der, dermos, derdes, derem.
Imperativo afirmativo: d, d, demos, dai, deem.
Infinitivo impessoal: dar.
Infinitivo pessoal: dar, dares, dar, darmos, dardes, darem.
Gerndio: dando.
Particpio: dado.
Moscar (desaparecer)
Presente do indicativo: musco, muscas, musca, moscamos, moscais, muscam.
Presente do subjuntivo: musque, musques, musque, mosquemos,
mosqueis, musquem.
Nomear
Presente do indicativo: nomeio, nomeias, nomeia, nomeamos,
nomeais, nomeiam.
Pretrito imperfeito: nomeava, nomeavas, nomeava, nomevamos,
nomeveis, nomeavam.
Pretrito perfeito: nomeei, nomeaste, nomeou, nomeamos, nomeastes, nomearam.

Abster-se
Presente do indicativo: abstenho-me, abstns-te, abstm-se, abstemo-nos, abstendes-vos, abstm-se.
Pretrito imperfeito: abstinha-me, abstinhas-te, etc.
Pretrito perfeito: abstive-me, etc.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: abstivera-me, etc.
Futuro do presente: abster-me-ei, etc.
Futuro do pretrito: abster-me-ia, etc.
Imperativo afirmativo: abstm-te, abstenha-se, abstenhamo-nos,
abstende-vos, abstenham-se.
Presente do subjuntivo: que me abstenha, que te abstenhas, etc.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: se me abstivesse, se te abstivesses, etc.
Futuro do subjuntivo: se me abstiver, etc.
Gerndio: abstendo-se.
Particpio: abstido.
Caber
Presente do indicativo: caibo, cabes, cabe, cabemos, cabeis, cabem.
Pretrito perfeito: coube, coubeste, coube, coubemos, coubestes,
couberam.
Pretrito imperfeito: cabia, cabias, cabia, cabamos, cabeis, cabiam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: coubera, couberas, coubera, coubramos, coubreis, couberam.
Futuro do presente: caberei, cabers, caber, caberemos, cabereis,
cabero.
Futuro do pretrito: caberia, caberias, caberia, caberamos, cabereis, caberiam.
Presente do subjuntivo: caiba, caibas, caiba, caibamos, caibais,
caibam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: coubesse, coubesses, coubesse, coubssemos, coubsseis, coubessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: couber, couberes, couber, coubermos, couberdes, couberem.
Observao: O verbo caber no se apresenta conjugado nem
no imperativo afirmativo nem no imperativo negativo.

34

Lngua Portuguesa
Crer

Poder

Presente do indicativo: creio, crs, cr, cremos, credes, creem.

Pretrito perfeito: cri, creste, creu, cremos, crestes, creram.
Pretrito imperfeito: cria, crias, cria, criamos, crieis, criam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: crera, creras, crera, crramos, crreis,
creram.
Presente do subjuntivo: creia, creias, creia, creiamos, creiais,
creiam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: cresse, cresses, cresse, crssemos, crsseis, cressem
Futuro do subjuntivo: crer, creres, crer, crermos, crerdes, crerem.
Imperativo afirmativo: cr, creia, creiamos, crede, creiam.
Imperativo negativo: no creias (tu), no creia (voc), no creiamos
(ns), no crede (vs), no creiam (vocs)

Presente do indicativo: posso, podes, pode, podemos, podeis,

podem.
Pretrito imperfeito: podia, podias, podia, podamos, podeis, podiam.
Pretrito perfeito: pude, pudeste, pde, pudemos, pudestes, puderam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: pudera, puderas, pudera, pudramos,
pudreis, puderam.
Presente do subjuntivo: possa, possas, possa, possamos, possais,
possam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: pudesse, pudesses, pudesse,
pudssemos, pudsseis, pudessem.
Futuro: puder, puderes, puder, pudermos, puderdes, puderem.
Infinitivo pessoal: poder, poderes, poder, podermos, poderdes,
poderem.
Gerndio: podendo.
Particpio: podido.

Assim se conjugam: ler e descrer.

Dizer
Presente do indicativo: digo, dizes, diz, dizemos, dizeis, dizem.
Pretrito perfeito: disse, disseste, disse, dissemos, dissestes, disseram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: dissera, disseras, dissera, dissramos,
dissreis, disseram.
Futuro do presente: direi, dirs, dir, diremos, direis, diro.
Futuro do pretrito: diria, dirias, diria, diramos, direis, diriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: diga, digas, diga, digamos, digais, digam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: dissesse, dissesses, dissesse,
dissssemos, disssseis, dissessem.
Futuro: disser, disseres, disser, dissermos, disserdes, disserem.
Particpio: dito.
Assim se conjugam: bendizer, condizer, contradizer, desdizer,
predizer, maldizer ...
Escrever
Escrever e seus derivados descrever, inscrever, prescrever,
proscrever, reescrever, sobrescrever, subscrever so irregulares
apenas no particpio: escrito, descrito, inscrito, prescrito, proscrito,
reescrito, sobrescrito, subscrito.

Observao: O verbo poder no se apresenta conjugado nem

no imperativo afirmativo nem no imperativo negativo.
Pr (antigo poer)
Presente do indicativo: ponho, pes, pe, pomos, pondes, pem.
Pretrito imperfeito: punha, punhas, punha, pnhamos, pnheis,
punham.
Pretrito perfeito: pus, puseste, ps, pusemos, pusestes, puseram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: pusera, puseras, pusera, pusramos,
pusreis, puseram.
Futuro do presente: porei, pors, por, poremos, poreis, poro.
Futuro do pretrito: poria, porias, poria, poramos, poreis, poriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: ponha, ponhas, ponha, ponhamos, ponhais, ponham.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: pusesse, pusesses, pusesse,
pusssemos, pussseis, pusessem.
Futuro: puser, puseres, puser, pusermos, puserdes, puserem.
Imperativo afirmativo: pe, ponha, ponhamos, ponde, ponham.
Infinitivo pessoal: pr, pores, pr, pormos, pordes, porem.
Infinitivo impessoal: pr.
Gerndio: pondo.
Particpio: posto.

Fazer
Presente do indicativo: fao, fazes, faz, fazemos, fazeis, fazem.
Pretrito perfeito: fiz, fizeste, fez, fizemos, fizestes, fizeram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: fizera, fizeras, fizera, fizramos, fizreis, fizeram.
Futuro do presente: farei, fars, far, faremos, fareis, faro.
Futuro do pretrito: faria, farias, faria, faramos, fareis, fariam.
Presente do subjuntivo: faa, faas, faa, faamos, faais, faam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: fizesse, fizesses, fizesse, fizssemos, fizsseis, fizessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: fizer, fizeres, fizer, fizermos, fizerdes, fizerem.
Imperativo afirmativo: faze, faa, faamos, fazei, faam.
Assim se conjugam: desfazer, refazer, satisfazer.
Ler
Presente do indicativo: leio, ls, l, lemos, ledes, leem.
Pretrito imperfeito: lia, lias, lia, lamos, leis, liam.
Pretrito perfeito: li, leste, leu, lemos, lestes, leram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: lera, leras, lera, lramos, lreis, leram.
Presente do subjuntivo: leia, leias, leia, leiamos, leiais, leiam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: lesse, lesses, lesse, lssemos,
lsseis, lessem.
Imperativo afirmativo: l, leia, leiamos, lede, leiam.
Assim se conjugam: reler, tresler.

Assim se conjugam os verbos derivados de pr, como por exemplo: antepor, compor, depor, dispor, impor, propor, pressupor,
repor, etc.
Prover
Presente do indicativo: provejo, provs, prov, provemos, provedes, proveem.
Pretrito imperfeito: provia, provias, provia, provamos, proveis,
proviam.
Pretrito perfeito: provi, proveste, proveu, provemos, provestes,
proveram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: provera, proveras, provera, provramos, provreis, proveram.
Futuro do presente: proverei, provers, prover, proveremos, provereis, provero.
Futuro do pretrito: proveria, proverias, proveria, proveramos,
provereis, proveriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: proveja, provejas, proveja, provejamos,
provejais, provejam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: provesse, provesses, provesse,
provssemos, provsseis, provessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: prover, proveres, prover, provermos, proverdes, proverem.
Imperativo afirmativo: prov, proveja, provejamos, provede, provejam.
Gerndio: provendo.
Particpio: provido.

Perder

Querer

Presente do indicativo: perco (com e fechado), perdes, perde,

perdemos, perdeis, perdem.
Presente do subjuntivo: perca, percas, perca, percamos, percais,
percam.
Imperativo afirmativo: perde, perca, percamos, perdei, percam.
Regular nos demais tempos e modos.

Presente do indicativo: quero, queres, quer, queremos, quereis,

querem.
Pretrito imperfeito: queria, querias, queria, queramos, quereis,
queriam.
Pretrito perfeito: quis, quiseste, quis, quisemos, quisestes, quiseram.

35

Lngua Portuguesa
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: quisera, quiseras, quisera, quisramos,
quisreis, quiseram.
Futuro do presente: quererei, querers, querer, quereremos, querereis, querero.
Futuro do pretrito: quereria, quererias, quereria, quereramos,
querereis, quereriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: queira, queiras, queira, queiramos, queirais, queiram.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: quisesse, quisesses, quisesse,
quisssemos, quissseis, quisessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: quiser, quiseres, quiser, quisermos, quiserdes, quiserem.
Imperativo afirmativo: quer tu, queira voc, queiramos ns, querei
vs, queiram vocs.
Imperativo negativo: no queiras tu, no queira voc, no queiramos ns, no queirais vs, no queiram vocs.
Gerndio: querendo.
Particpio: querido.

Valer
Presente do indicativo: valho, vales, vale, valemos, valeis, valem.
Pretrito imperfeito: valia, valias, valia, valamos, valeis, valiam.
Pretrito perfeito: vali, valeste, valeu, valemos, valestes, valeram.
Presente do subjuntivo: valha, valhas, valha, valhamos, valhais,
valham.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: valesse, valesses, valesse,
valssemos, valsseis, valessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: valer, valeres, valer, valermos, valerdes,
valerem.
Imperativo afirmativo: vale, valha, valhamos, valei, valham.
Imperativo negativo: no valhas, no valha, no valhamos, no
valhais, no valham.
Gerndio: valendo.
Particpio: valido.
Assim so conjugados: equivaler e desvaler.

Requerer
Ver
Presente do indicativo: requeiro, requeres, requer, requeremos,
requereis, requerem.
Pretrito perfeito: requeri, requereste, requereu, requeremos, requerestes, requereram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: requerera, requereras, requerera,
requerramos, requerreis, requereram.
Futuro do presente: requererei, requerers, requerer, requereremos, requerereis, requerero.
Futuro do pretrito: requereria, requererias, requereria, requereramos, requerereis, requereriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: requeira, requeiras, requeira, requeiramos,
requeirais, requeiram.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: requeresse, requeresses, requeresse, requerssemos, requersseis, requeressem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: requerer, requereres, requerer, requerermos,
requererdes, requererem.
Imperativo afirmativo: requere, requeira, requeiramos, requerei,
requeiram.
Gerndio: requerendo. / Particpio: requerido.
O verbo requerer no se conjuga como querer.
Saber
Presente do indicativo: sei, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sabeis, sabem.
Pretrito imperfeito: sabia, sabias, sabia, sabamos, sabeis, sabiam.
Pretrito perfeito: soube, soubeste, soube, soubemos, soubestes,
souberam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: soubera, souberas, soubera, soubramos, soubreis, souberam.
Presente do subjuntivo: saiba, saibas, saiba, saibamos, saibais,
saibam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: soubesse, soubesses, soubesse, soubssemos, soubsseis, soubessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: souber, souberes, souber, soubermos, souberdes, souberem.
Imperativo afirmativo: sabe, saiba, saibamos, sabei, saibam.

Presente do indicativo: vejo, vs, v, vemos, vedes, veem.

Pretrito perfeito: vi, viste, viu, vimos, vistes, viram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: vira, viras, vira, vramos, vreis, viram.
Imperativo afirmativo: v, veja, vejamos, vede, vejam.
Presente do subjuntivo: veja, vejas, veja, vejamos, vejais, vejam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: visse, visses, visse, vssemos,
vsseis, vissem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: vir, vires, vir, virmos, virdes, virem.
Gerndio: vendo. / Particpio: visto.
Assim se conjugam: antever, prever e rever.
3 CONJUGAO ir
Agredir
Presente do indicativo: agrido, agrides, agride, agredimos, agredis,
agridem.
Presente do subjuntivo: agrida, agridas, agrida, agridamos, agridais, agridam.
Imperativo afirmativo: agride, agrida, agridamos, agredi, agridam.
Cair
Presente do indicativo: caio, cais, cai, camos, cas, caem.
Pretrito imperfeito: caa, caas, caa, caamos, caeis, caam.
Pretrito perfeito: ca, caste, caiu, camos, castes, caram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: cara, caras, cara, caramos, careis,
caram.
Imperativo afirmativo: cai, caia, caiamos, ca, caiam.
Presente do subjuntivo: caia, caias, caia, caiamos, caiais, caiam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: casse, casses, casse, cassemos, casseis, cassem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: cair, cares, cair, cairmos, cairdes, carem.
Assim so conjugados: atrair, recair, sair, trair, subtrair etc.

Trazer
Cobrir
Presente do indicativo: trago, trazes, traz, trazemos, trazeis, trazem.
Pret. imperfeito: trazia, trazias, trazia, trazamos, trazeis, traziam.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: trouxera, trouxeras, trouxera, trouxramos, trouxreis, trouxeram.
Futuro do presente: trarei, trars, trar, traremos, trareis, traro.
Futuro do pretrito: traria, trarias, traria, traramos, trareis, trariam.
Presente do subjuntivo: traga, tragas, traga, tragamos, tragais,
tragam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: trouxesse, trouxesses, trouxesse, trouxssemos, trouxsseis, trouxessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: trouxer, trouxeres, trouxer, trouxermos, trouxerdes, trouxerem.
Imperativo afirmativo: traze, traga, tragamos, trazei, tragam.
Infinitivo pessoal: trazer, trazeres, trazer, trazermos, trazerdes,
trazerem.
Gerndio: trazendo.
Particpio: trazido.

Presente do indicativo: cubro, cobres, cobre, cobrimos, cobris,

cobrem.
Presente do subjuntivo: cubra, cubras, cubra, cubramos, cubrais,
cubram.
Imperativo afirmativo: cobre, cubra, cubramos, cobri, cubram.
Particpio: coberto.
O verbo cobrir tem o o substitudo por u na primeira pessoa
do presente do indicativo, nas pessoas do presente do subjuntivo e
nas formas derivadas do imperativo. Assim se conjugam: dormir,
tossir, descobrir, engolir, etc.
Construir
Presente do indicativo: construo, constris, constri, construmos,
construs, constroem.
Pretrito imperfeito: construa, construas, construa, construamos,
construeis, construam.

36

Lngua Portuguesa
Pretrito perfeito: constru, construste, construiu, construmos,
construstes, construram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: construra, construras, construra,
construramos, construreis, construram.
Imperativo afirmativo: constri, construa, construamos, constru,
construam.

Imperativo afirmativo: pede, pea, peamos, pedi, peam.

O verbo pedir regular nas demais formas.
Assim se conjugam: medir, despedir, impedir, expedir.
Remir

Assim se conjugam: destruir e reconstruir.

Presente do indicativo: redimo, redimes, redime, remimos, remis,

redimem.
Presente do subjuntivo: redima, redimas, redima, redimamos,
redimais, redimam.

Ferir
Presente do indicativo: firo, feres, fere, ferimos, feris, ferem.
Presente do subjuntivo: fira, firas, fira, firamos, firais, firam.

Rir

O verbo ferir tem o e do radical substitudo por i na primeira

pessoa do singular do presente do indicativo, nas pessoas do presente do subjuntivo e nas formas derivadas do imperativo.
Assim se conjugam: competir, divertir, expelir, vestir, inserir e
os derivados de ferir.
Frigir
Presente do indicativo: frijo, freges, frege, frigimos, frigis, fregem.
Presente do subjuntivo: frija, frijas, frija, frijamos, frijais, frijam.
Imperativo afirmativo: frege, frija, frijamos, frigi, frijam.
Particpio: frito.

Presente do indicativo: rio, ris, ri, rimos, rides, riem.

Pretrito imperfeito: ria, rias, ria, ramos, reis, riam.
Pretrito perfeito: ri, riste, riu, rimos, ristes, riram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: rira, riras, rira, rramos, rreis, riram.
Futuro do presente: rirei, rirs, rir, riremos, rireis, riro.
Futuro do pretrito: riria, ririas, riria, riramos, rireis, ririam.
Presente do subjuntivo: ria, rias, ria, riamos, riais, riam.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: risse, risses, risse, rssemos,
rsseis, rissem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: rir, rires, rir, rirmos, rirdes, rirem.
Imperativo afirmativo: ri, ria, riamos, ride, riam.
Infinitivo pessoal: rir, rires, rir, rirmos, rirdes, rirem.
Gerndio: rindo.
Particpio: rido.

O verbo frigir regular no resto da conjugao.

Assim se conjuga: sorrir.

Fugir

Sortir

Presente do indicativo: fujo, foges, foge, fugimos, fugis, fogem.

Imperativo afirmativo: foge, fuja, fujamos, fugi, fujam.
Presente do subjuntivo: fuja, fujas, fuja, fujamos, fujais, fujam.
O verbo fugir apresenta o g substitudo por j antes de a e de o.

Presente do indicativo: surto, surtes, surte, sortimos, sortis, surtem.

Presente do subjuntivo: surta, surtas, surta, surtamos, surtais,
surtam.
Imperativo afirmativo: surte, surta, surtamos, sorti, surtam.
Imperativo negativo: no surtas, no surta, no surtamos, no
surtais, no surtam.

Ir
Presente do indicativo: vou, vais, vai, vamos, ides, vo.
Pretrito imperfeito: ia, ias, ia, amos, eis, iam.
Pretrito perfeito: fui, foste, foi, fomos, fostes, foram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: fora, foras, fora, framos, freis, foram.
Futuro do presente: irei, irs, ir, iremos, ireis, iro.
Futuro do pretrito: iria, irias, iria, iramos, ireis, iriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: v, vs, v, vamos, vades, vo.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: fosse, fosses, fosse, fssemos,
fsseis, fossem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: for, fores, for, formos, fordes, forem.
Imperativo afirmativo: vai, v, vamos, ide, vo.
Imperativo negativo: no vs, no v, no vamos, no vades, no
vo.
Infinitivo pessoal: ir, ires, ir, irmos, irdes, irem.
Gerndio: indo.
Particpio: ido.

Sortir significa abastecer, fazer sortimento, combinar. No

confundir com surtir (= ter como resultado, alcanar efeito, originar),
que s tem as terceiras pessoas:
O plano surtiu efeito.
As negociaes no surtiram efeito.
Sumir
Presente do indicativo: sumo, somes, some, sumimos, sumis,
somem.
Presente do subjuntivo: suma, sumas, suma, sumamos, sumais,
sumam.
Imperativo afirmativo: some, suma, sumamos, sumi, sumam.
Assim se conjugam: subir, acudir, bulir, escapulir, fugir, consumir, cuspir etc.

Mentir
Presente do indicativo: minto, mentes, mente, mentimos, mentis,
mentem.
Presente do subjuntivo: minta, mintas, minta, mintamos, mintais,
mintam.
Imperativo afirmativo: mente, minta, mintamos, menti, mintam.
Assim se conjugam: sentir, cerzir, competir, consentir, pressentir, etc.
Ouvir
Presente do indicativo: ouo, ouves, ouve, ouvimos, ouvis, ouvem.
Presente do subjuntivo: oua, ouas, oua, ouamos, ouais,
ouam.
Imperativo afirmativo: ouve, oua, ouamos, ouvi, ouam.
Particpio: ouvido.
Pedir
Presente do indicativo: peo, pedes, pede, pedimos, pedis, pedem.
Presente do subjuntivo: pea, peas, pea, peamos, peais,
peam.

Vir
Presente do indicativo: venho, vens, vem, vimos, vindes, vm.
Pretrito imperfeito: vinha, vinhas, vinha, vnhamos, vnheis, vinham.
Pretrito perfeito: vim, vieste, veio, viemos, viestes, vieram.
Pretrito mais-que-perfeito: viera, vieras, viera, viramos, vireis,
vieram.
Futuro do presente: virei, virs, vir, viremos, vireis, viro.
Futuro do pretrito: viria, virias, viria, viramos, vireis, viriam.
Presente do subjuntivo: venha, venhas, venha, venhamos, venhais,
venham.
Pretrito imperfeito do subjuntivo: viesse, viesses, viesse, vissemos, visseis, viessem.
Futuro do subjuntivo: vier, vieres, vier, viermos, vierdes, vierem.
Infinitivo pessoal: vir, vires, vir, virmos, virdes, virem.
Imperativo afirmativo: vem, venha, venhamos, vinde, venham.
Gerndio: vindo.
Particpio: vindo.

37

Lngua Portuguesa
Assim se conjugam: intervir, advir, convir, provir, sobrevir.

Modo indicativo
Pretrito
perfeito

Presente

VERBOS ANMALOS
Verbos anmalos so aqueles cujos radicais sofrem
vrias irregularidades e no se enquadram em nenhuma
classificao. So considerados anmalos os verbos ser, ir,
pr e vir, cujas conjugaes j vimos anteriormente.

precavemos
precaveis
-

precavi
precaveste
precaveu
precavemos
precavestes
precaveram

Pretrito maisque-perfeito

VERBOS ABUNDANTES
Verbos abundantes so aqueles que possuem duas
formas, geralmente no particpio. Veja, a seguir, uma lista de
alguns verbos abundantes:

precavera
precaveras
precavera
precavramos
precavreis
precaveram

Pretrito
imperfeito
precavia
precavias
precavia
precavamos
precaveis
precaviam

Futuro do
presente

Futuro do
pretrito

precaverei
precavers
precaver
precaveremos
precavereis
precavero

precaveria
precaverias
precaveria
precaveramos
precavereis
precaveriam

Modo subjuntivo
infinitivo
emergir
encher
entregar
envolver
enxugar
expelir
expressar
exprimir
expulsar
extinguir
fixar
frigir
fritar
ganhar
gastar
imprimir
incluir
isentar
inserir
limpar
matar
misturar
morrer
nascer
ocultar
pagar
pegar
prender
romper
salvar
secar
segurar
soltar
sujeitar
suprimir
suspender
tingir
vagar

particpio
regular
emergido
enchido
entregado
envolvido
enxugado
expelido
expressado
exprimido
expulsado
extinguido
fixado
frigido
fritado
ganhado
gastado
imprimido
includo
isentado
inserido
limpado
matado
misturado
morrido
nascido
ocultado
pagado
pegado
prendido
rompido
salvado
secado
segurado
soltado
sujeitado
suprimido
suspendido
tingido
vagado

particpio
irregular

emerso
cheio
entregue
envolto
enxuto
expulso
expresso
expresso
expulso
extinto
fixo
frito
frito
ganho
gasto
impresso
incluso
isento
inserto
limpo
morto
misto
morto
nato
oculto
pago
pego
preso
roto
salvo
seco
seguro
solto
sujeito
supresso
suspenso
tinto
vago

Futuro

precavesse
precavesses
precavesse
precavssemos
precavsseis
precavessem

precaver
precaveres
precaver
precavermos
precaverdes
precaverem

Modo Imperativo
Afirmativo

Negativo

precavei
-

Formas nominais
Infinitivo pessoal o

precaver
precaveres
precaver
precavermos
precaverdes
precaverem

Infinitivo impessoal

precaver

Gerndio

precavendo

Particpio

precavido

REAVER
Modo indicativo
Presente
reavemos
reaveis
-

VERBOS DEFECTIVOS
Verbos defectivos so os que no possuem todas as
formas, ou seja, no tm a conjugao completa.

Conjugao de alguns verbos defectivos

Pretrito
imperfeito

Presente

Pretrito maisque-perfeito
reouvera
reouveras
reouvera
reouvramos
reouvreis
reouveram

PRECAVER

38

Pretrito
perfeito
reouve
reouveste
reouve
reouvemos
reouvestes
reouveram
Futuro do
presente
reaverei
reavers
reaver
reaveremos
reavereis
reavero

Pretrito
imperfeito
reavia
reavias
reavia
reavamos
reaveis
reaviam
Futuro do
pretrito
reaveria
reaverias
reaveria
reaveramos
reavereis
reaveriam

Lngua Portuguesa
FuturoSimples: neste tempo, os pronomes oblquos so antepostos
ao verbo: se me lembrar, se te lembrares, se se lembrar, etc.
Futuro Composto: neste tempo os pronomes oblquos so antepostos ao verbo: se me tiver lembrado, se te tiveres lembrado, se se tiver
lembrado, etc.
Imperativo Afirmativo: lembra-te, lembra-se, lembremo-nos, lembrai-vos, lembrem-se.
Imperativo Negativo: no te lembres, no se lembre, no nos lembremos, etc.
Infinitivo Presente Impessoal: ter-me lembrado.
Infinitivo Presente Pessoal: lembrar-me, lembrares-te, lembrar-se,
lembrarmo-nos, lembrardes-vos, lembrarem-se.
Infinitivo Pretrito Pessoal: ter-me lembrado, teres-te lembrado, terse lembrado, termo-nos lembrado, terdes-vos lembrado, terem-se
lembrado.
Infinitivo Pretrito Impessoal: ter-se lembrado.
Gerndio Presente: lembrando-se.
Gerndio Pretrito: tendo-se lembrado.
Particpio: no admite a forma pronominal.

Modo subjuntivo
Pretrito
imperfeito

Presente
-

Futuro

reouvesse
reouvesses
reouvesse
reouvssemos
reouvsseis
reouvessem

reouver
reouveres
reouver
reouvermos
reouverdes
reouverem

Modo Imperativo
Afirmativo

Negativo

reavei
-

LOCUO VERBAL
Locuo verbal a combinao de verbos auxiliares
(ter, haver, ser e estar, ou outro qualquer que funcione como
auxiliar) com verbos nas formas nominais.

Formas nominais
Gerndio

reavendo

Particpio

reavido

Tenho estudado muito.

Hei de comprar uma casa.
Estou esperando voc.

VERBOS PRONOMINAIS

EXERCCIOS

So verbos pronominais aqueles que s se conjugam

com os pronomes oblquos tonos (me, te, se, nos, vos, se)
na mesma pessoa gramatical do sujeito, expressando reflexibilidade. Exemplos: pentear-se, queixar-se, lembrar-se, etc.
CONJUGAO DOS VERBOS PRONOMINAIS:

VERBO LEMBRAR-SE
Indicativo Presente: lembro-me, lembras-te, lembra-se, lembramonos, lembrai-vos, lembram-se.
Pretrito Imperfeito: lembrava-me, lembravas-te, lembrava-se,
lembrvamo-nos, lembrveis-vos, lembravam-se.
Pretrito Perfeito Simples: lembrei-me, lembraste-te, lembrou-se,
etc.
Pretrito Perfeito Composto: tenho-me lembrado, tens-te lembrado,
tem-se lembrado, temo-nos lembrado, tendes-vos lembrado, tm-se
lembrado.
Pretrito Mais-Que-Perfeito Simples: lembrara-me, lembraras-te,
lembrara-se, lembrramo-nos, lembrreis-vos, lembraram-se.
Pretrito Mais- Que-Perfeito Composto: tinha-me lembrado, tinhaste lembrado, tinha-se lembrado, tnhamo-nos lembrado, tnheis-vos
lembrado, tinham-se lembrado.
Futuro do Presente Simples: lembrar-me-ei, lembrar-te-s, lembrarse-, lembrar-nos-emos, lembrar-vos-eis, lembrar-se-o.
Futuro do Presente Composto: ter-me-ei lembrado, ter-te-s lembrado, ter-se- lembrado, ter-nos-emos lembrado, ter-vos-eis lembrado, ter-se-o lembrado.
Futuro do Pretrito Simples: lembrar-me-ia, lembrar-te-ias, lembrarse-ia, lembrar-nos-amos, lembrar-vos-eis, lembrar-se-iam.
Futuro do Pretrito Composto: ter-me-ia lembrado, ter-te-ias lembrado, ter-se-ia lembrado, ter-nos-amos lembrado, ter-vos-eis lembrado, ter-se-iam lembrado.
Subjuntivo Presente: lembre-me, lembres-te, lembre-se, lembremonos, lembreis-vos, lembrem-se.
Pretrito Imperfeito: lembrasse-me, lembrasses-te, lembrasse-se,
lembrssemo-nos, lembrsseis-vos, lembrassem-se.
Pretrito Perfeito: nesse tempo no se usam pronomes oblquos
pospostos, mas antepostos ao verbo: que me tenha lembrado, que te
tenhas lembrado, que se tenha lembrado, etc.
Pretrito Mais-Que-Perfeito: tivesse-me lembrado, tivesses te lembrado, tivesse-se lembrado, tivssemo-nos lembrado, tivsseis-vos
lembrado, tivessem-se lembrado.

1 - Se voc ............ no prximo domingo e ................ de

tempo ............... assistir a final do campeonato.
a) vir / dispor / v
b) vir / dispuser / vai
c) vier / dispor / v
d) vier / dispuser / v
e) vier / dispor / vai
2 - Ele ............... que lhe ............... muitas dificuldades, mas
enfim ............... a verba para a pesquisa.
a) receara / opusessem / obtera
b) receara / opusessem / obtivera
c) receiara / opossem / obtivera
d) receiara / oposessem / obtera
e) receara / opossem / obtera

3 - A segunda pessoa do singular do pretrito perfeito do

indicativo do verbo precaver :
a) precavias
b) precavieste
c) precaveste
d) precaviste
e) n.d.a.
4 - Assinale a alternativa que se encaixe no perodo seguinte:
"Se voc .......... e o seu irmo ......., quem sabe voc .............
o dinheiro.
a) requeresse / interviesse / reouvesse
b) requisesse / intervisse / reavesse
c) requeresse / intervisse / reavesse

39

Lngua Portuguesa
d) requeresse / interviesse / reavesse
e) requisesse / intervisse / reouvesse

Sairei cedo para alcanar os excursionistas

(modifica o verbo sairei).
Eram exerccios bem difceis
(modifica o adjetivo difceis).

5 - Assinale a opo que completa corretamente as lacunas

da seguinte frase:
"Quando ............... mais aperfeioado, o computador certamente ............... um eficiente meio de controle de toda a vida
social."
a) estivesse / ser
b) estiver / seria
c) esteja / era
d) estivesse / era
e) estiver / ser

CLASSIFICAO DOS ADVRBIOS

1) De Afirmao: sim, certamente, deveras, realmente,
incontestavelmente, efetivamente.
2) De Dvida: talvez, qui, acaso, porventura, provavelmente, decerto, certo.

6 - Quando ............ todos os documentos, ............... um requerimento e ............... a chamada de seu nome.
a) obtiver / redija / aguarda
b) obteres / rediges / aguardes
c) obtiveres / redige / aguarda
d) obter / redija / aguarde
e) obtiver / redija / aguarde

3) De Intensidade: muito, mui, pouco, assaz, bastante,

mais, menos, to, demasiado, meio, todo, completamente,
profundamente, demasiadamente, excessivamente, demais,
nada, ligeiramente, levemente, quo, quanto, bem, mas,
quase, apenas, como.
4) De Lugar: abaixo, acima, acol, c, l, aqui, ali, a, alm,
algures, aqum, alhures, nenhures, atrs, fora, afora, dentro,
longe, adiante, diante, onde, avante, atravs, defronte, aonde, donde, detrs.

7 - Ele ............... numa questo difcil de ser resolvida e

............... seus bens graas ao bom senso.

5) De Modo: bem, mal, assim, depressa, devagar, como,

adrede, debalde, melhor, pior, alis, calmamente, livremente,
e quase todos os advrbios terminados em "mente".
6) De Negao: no, absolutamente.

a) interviu / reouve
b) interveio / rehaveu
c) interviu / reaveu
d) interveio / reouve
e) interviu / rehouve

7) De Tempo: agora, hoje, amanh, depois, ontem, anteontem, j, sempre, nunca, jamais, ainda, logo, antes, cedo,
tarde, ora, afinal, outrora, ento, breve, a, entrementes, brevemente, imediatamente, raramente, finalmente, comumente,
presentemente, etc.

8 - Indique a frase onde houver uma forma verbal incorreta.

a) Os vegetais clorofilados sintetizam seu prprio alimento.
b) Se ela vir de carro, chame-me.
c) Lembramos-lhes que o eucalipto uma excelente planta
para o reflorestamento.
d) H rumores de que pode haver novo racionamento de
gasolina.
e) n.d.a.

1-D
5-E

RESPOSTAS
2-B
3-C
6-E
7-D

4-A
8-B

H ainda advrbios interrogativos: onde? aonde?

quando? como? por que?: Onde esto eles? Quando sairo? Como viajaram? Por que no telefonaram?
LOCUES ADVERBIAIS
So duas ou mais palavras com funo de advrbio: s
tontas, s claras, s pressas, s ocultas, toa, de vez em
quando, de quando em quando, de propsito, s vezes, ao
acaso, ao lu, de repente, de chofre, a olhos vistos, de cor,
de improviso, em breve, por atacado, em cima, por trs, para
trs, de perto, sem dvida, passo a passo, etc.
Exemplos:
Ele, s vezes, age s escondidas.
O segredo sempre virar direita.

ADVRBIO

tarde ela trabalha no hospital, mas noite ela est em

casa.

uma palavra que modifica (que se refere) a um verbo, a

adjetivo, a um outro advrbio.
A maioria dos advrbios modifica o verbo, ao qual acrescenta uma circunstncia. S os de intensidade que podem
tambm modificar adjetivos e advrbios.
Mora muito longe
(modifica o advrbio longe).

FLEXO DOS ADVRBIOS

Alguns advrbios flexionam-se no comparativo e no superlativo.
Grau comparativo:
de igualdade: to + advrbio + quanto

40

Lngua Portuguesa
Cheguei to cedo quanto queria.
PREPOSIO
de superioridade: mais + advrbio + que
Cheguei mais cedo que queria.

Preposio a palavra que liga um termo a outro:

de inferioridade: menos + advrbio + que

Cheguei menos cedo que queria.

Casa de pedra; livro de Paulo; falou com ele.

Dividem-se as preposies em essenciais (as que sempre
foram preposies) e acidentais (palavras de outras classes
gramaticais que, s vezes, funcionam como preposio).

Grau superlativo:
analtico:

1) Preposies Essenciais: a, ante, aps, at, com, de,

ds, desde, para, per, perante, por, sem, sob, sobre, trs.

Eles estavam muito felizes.

Ele chegou muito cedo.

Exemplos:
sinttico:
Fumava cigarro aps cigarro.
Eles estavam felicssimos.
Ele chegou cedssimo.

Est vestida de branco.

2) Preposies Acidentais: conforme, consoante, segundo,
durante, mediante, visto, como,exceto, salvo, etc.

EXERCCIOS

Exemplos:
1) H dois advrbios em todas as alternativas, exceto na:
Os heris tiveram como prmio uma coroa de louros.
a) Ela cantava muito bem.
b) Hoje, talvez eu v s compras.
c) Eu no gostei de chegar tarde ao trabalho.
d) Masa muito calma.
e) O motorista dirige muito devagar.

Vov dormiu durante a viagem.

LOCUES PREPOSITIVAS
So expresses com a funo das preposies.

2) Assinale a alternativa que contm um advrbio de afirmao:

a) Sem dvida, ele um grande pintor.
b) Ele, provavelmente, sara do emprego.
c) Absolutamente, no entendo nada de espanhol.
d) Calmamente, expliquei a situao a ela.
e) Talvez ela venha ao nosso encontro.

Em geral so formadas de advrbio (ou locuo adverbial)

+ preposio: abaixo de, acima de, por trs de, em frente de,
junto a, perto de, longe de, depois de, antes de, atravs de,
embaixo de, em cima de, em face de, etc.
Exemplo:
Passamos atravs de mata cerrada.

3) Aponte a alternativa que no contm uma locuo adverbial:

COMBINAES E CONTRAES
As preposies a, de, em, per e para, unem-se com
outras palavras, formando um s vocbulo.

a) Jos deixou o escritrio s pressas.

b) J sei a lio de cor.
c) Em breve sair o novo cd de Roberto Carlos.
d) Atualmente, h vrios filmes em cartaz.
e) Assim, ela tornou-se rica e famosa.

H combinao quando a preposio se une sem perda

de fonema; se a preposio sofre queda de fonema, haver
contrao.

4) Na orao Joana trabalha muito longe de casa temos o

grau:

A preposio combina-se com os artigos, pronomes demonstrativos e com advrbios.

a) comparativo de superioridade
b) superlativo sinttico
c) superlativo analtico
d) comparativo de igualdade
e) comparativo de inferioridade

As preposies a, de, em, per contraem-se com os artigos, e, algumas delas, com certos pronomes e advrbios.

1-D

RESPOSTAS
2-A
3-D

4-C

a+a=
a + as = s
a + aquele = quele
a + aquela = quela
a + aquilo = quilo
de + o = do
de + ele = dele
de + este = deste

41

de + isto = disto
de + aqui = daqui
em + esse = nesse
em + o = no
em + um = num
em + aquele = naquele
per + o = pelo

Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale a alternativa em que a palavra em destaque
preposio:
a) A professora recolheu as provas antes do horrio.
b) Obriguei-a a estudar mais.
c) Fomos ao cinema, depois levei-as para tomar um lanche.
d) A noite estava to bonita!
e) A me brigou com as filhas.

a) exceto, segundo, perante, em

b) trs, salvo, de, por
c) menos, a, sem, visto
d) entre, sobre, contra, desde
e) afora, fora, visto

1-B

2-C

RESPOSTAS
3-D
4-B
5-A

2) Aponte a alternativa que contm somente preposies

acidentais:

6-E

7-D

INTERJEIO
Interjeio a palavra que exprime um estado emotivo.
As interjeies so um recurso da linguagem afetiva e emocional. Podem exprimir e registrar os mais variados sentimentos.

a) afora, contra, perante, sobre

b) desde, segundo, afora, mediante
c) exceto, salvo, mediante, visto
d) durante, desde, entre, segundo
e) trs, com, contra, perante

Classificam-se em:

3) Nas oraes:

1) de dor: ai! ui! ai de mim!

2) de desejo: oxal! tomara!
3) de alegria: ah! oh! eh! viva!
4) de animao: eia! coragem!
avante! upa! fora! vamos!
5) de aplauso: bem! bravo!
apoiado!
6) de averso: ih! chi! irra! ora
bolas!

I - Valter foi a Portugal no ano passado.

II - A sua cano linda!
III - Ele a iludiu com falsas promessas.
temos, respectivamente:
a) preposio pronome artigo
b) pronome preposio artigo
c) artigo artigo preposio
d) preposio artigo pronome
e) artigo preposio pronome

7) de apelo: ! al! psit! psiu!

8) de silncio: psiu! silncio!
9) de repetio: bis!
10) de saudao: al! ol!
salve! bom dia!
11) de advertncia: cuidado!
devagar! ateno!
12) de indignao: fora! morra!

LOCUO INTERJETIVA

4) Assinale a alternativa cuja lacuna no pode ser preenchida

com a preposio entre parnteses:
a) Grande parte .............. doaes foram desviadas. (de + as)
b) Ele no tem muita sorte ............. amor. (de + o)
c) Ela tomou a criana ............... brao e a levou. (per + o)
d) O prisioneiro foi levado ............... cela. (a + a)
e) Eu deixei o livro ............... lugar. (em + esse)
5) Aponte a alternativa que preenche corretamente as frases
abaixo:
I - O filme .......... assistimos era timo.
II - O emprego .......... aspiras muito difcil.
III - A menina .......... gosto a Mariana.

uma expresso formada de mais de uma palavra, com

valor de interjeio: Meu Deus! Muito bem! Ai de mim! Ora
bolas! Valha-me Deus! Quem me dera!
As interjeies so proferidas em tom de voz especial e,
dependendo desta circunstncia, a mesma interjeio pode
expressar sentimentos diversos.
EXERCCIOS
1) Nas oraes:
I - Espero que ele viva por muitos anos.
II - Viva o meu time!
as palavras em destaque so respectivamente:
a) interjeio verbo
b) ambos so interjeies
c) verbo interjeio
d) ambas so verbos
e) verbo substantivo

a) a que, a que, de que

b) que, a que, de que
c) a que, de que, que
d) de que, a que, que
e) a que, a que, que

2) Aponte a alternativa incorreta quanto sua classificao:

6) Assinale a alternativa que preencha as lacunas da

orao:
............ as ltimas semanas, o movimento caiu ...............
10% e 20%.
a) Mediante - sob
b) Durante - aps
c) Desde - sob
d) Desde - ante
e) Durante - entre

a) Tomara que voc vena! (desejo)

b) Basta! No quero ouvir mais nada! (cessao)
c) Nossa! Quase fui atropelado. (espanto)
d) Credo! No suporto manga. (alvio)
e) Raios! Mas que demora! (impacincia)
3) As interjeies so utilizadas para:

7) Aponte a alternativa que contm somente preposies

essenciais:

a) expressar sentimentos
b) ligar termos de uma orao
c) dar uma circunstncia ao verbo
d) ligar termos entre si
e) n.d.a.

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Lngua Portuguesa
4) A interjeio oxal indica estado de:

4) Explicativas: exprimem explicao, um motivo: que, porque, porquanto, pois. As conjunes explicativas aparecem
normalmente depois de oraes imperativas.

a) admirao
b) advertncia
c) concordncia
d) apelo
e) desejo

Exemplo: Venha, porque quero conversar com voc.

5) Conclusivas: expressam concluso: logo, portanto, por
conseguinte, por isso, pois (depois de verbo).

5) Assinale a alternativa que substitua a expresso em destaque:

Exemplo: As rvores balanavam, logo estava ventando.

Que desagradvel, l vem voc com essa mesma conversa.

CONJUNES SUBORDINATIVAS
a) Oxal!
b) Boa!
c) Ih!
d) Fora!
e) Salve!

Podem ser:
1) Causais:
porque, que, pois, como, porquanto, visto que, desde que,
etc.

1-C

2-D

RESPOSTAS
3-A

4-E

5-C

Exemplo:
No me interessa a opinio deles, porque todos ali so imbecis.

CONJUNO

2) Comparativas:
Conjuno a palavra invarivel que liga oraes ou
termos da orao.

como, tal qual, assim como, que nem, como quanto, etc.
Exemplo:

Exemplos:

Talvez ningum pense como ns pensamos.

Comi mas no gostei.

3) Concessivas:

Samos de casa quando amanhecia.

As conjunes dividem-se em coordenativas e subordinativas.

embora, conquanto, ainda que, mesmo que, por mais que,

por menos que, se bem que, posto que, nem que, dado que,
sem que, etc.

Quando a conjuno liga as oraes sem fazer com que

uma dependa da outra ou sem que a segunda complete o
sentido da primeira, ela coordenativa.

Exemplo:

Quando a conjuno liga duas oraes que se completam

uma a outra e faz com que a segunda dependa da primeira,
ela subordinativa.

4) Condicionais:

CONJUNES COORDENATIVAS

Foi ao encontro, embora estivesse atrasado.

se, caso, desde que, salvo se, contanto que, a no ser que, a
menos que, sem que, etc.
Exemplo: No irei sem que ela me telefone.

Podem ser:

5) Conformativas:

1) Aditivas: do ideia de adio: e, nem, mas tambm, mais

ainda, seno, tambm, como tambm, bem como.

como, conforme, segundo, consoante, etc.

Exemplo:

Exemplo: A doena vem a cavalo e volta a p.

2) Adversativas: exprimem mais contraste, oposio, ressalva, compensao: mas, porm, todavia, contudo, entretanto,
seno, ao passo que, no entanto, apesar disso.
Exemplo: Querem ser ricos, mas no trabalham.
3) Alternativas: exprimem alternativa, alternncia: ou,
ou . . . ou, ora . . . ora, j . . . j, seja . . . seja, quer . . . quer.
Exemplo: A louca ora o acariciava, ora o renegava freneticamente.

Cada um colhe, conforme semeia.

6) Consecutivas:
que (precedido dos termos intensivos tal, to, tanto, tamanho), de sorte que, de modo que, de forma que, de maneira
que, sem que, etc.
Exemplo:
Era to feio que metia medo nas crianas.

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Lngua Portuguesa
7) Finais:
a fim de que, para que, que, porque, etc.

2) Na orao No corra, que perigoso., temos a conjuno coordenativa:

Exemplo:

8) Proporcionais:

a) adversativa
b) conclusiva
c) aditiva
d) explicativa
e) alternativa

proporo que, medida que, ao passo que, quanto mais,

quanto menos, etc.

3) Aponte a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna:

Exemplo:

Trata-se de um homem mais inteligente .................. bonito.

As criaturas so mais perfeitas proporo que so mais

capazes de amar.

a) que
b) como
c) logo
d) porque
e) e

Enganou-os para que no a enganassem.

9) Temporais:
enquanto, quando, logo que, assim que, depois que, agora
que, antes que, desde que, at que, sempre que, etc.

4) Assinale a conjuno que d ideia de causa:

Exemplo:
a) O filho maior que o pai.
b) Quando ela acordou, eu j havia sado.
c) Marcelo no viajou porque no dispunha de dinheiro.
d) Ignoro como ele fez isso.
e) Embora descontente, aceitou a proposta.

Todos se calaram, depois que protestei.

10) Integrantes:
que, se.
Exemplo:

5) Assinale a alternativa que d ideia de concesso:

Sonhei que o mundo havia acabado.

a) Seu choro era to forte que todos podiam ouvi-lo.

b) Foi a Petrpolis a fim de que pudesse rev-la.
c) Se voc no voltar, irei busc-la.
d) Ainda que voc no merea, lhe darei o carro.
e) medida que chorava, explicava o que havia acontecido.

Observao: As conjunes subordinativas integrantes introduzem as oraes subordinadas substantivas. As demais

conjunes subordinativas introduzem as oraes subordinadas adverbiais. A classificao das conjunes depender
unicamente da significao que elas derem orao que
introduzem.
LOCUO CONJUNTIVA
So duas ou mais palavras que tm valor de conjuno.
Geralmente constituda de que precedido de advrbio,
preposio ou particpio.
visto que
ainda que
a menos que
medida que
no entanto
ainda quando

j que
desde que
de modo que
uma vez que
por consequncia
logo que

se bem que
por mais que
por menos que
proporo que
posto que
a fim de que

6) A vida transcorre entre o sucesso e o insucesso. importante, ..............., que o adolescente enfrente adversidades,
fracassos e frustraes para que possa, segundo a cano
popular, "sacudir a poeira e dar volta por cima".
A conjuno que introduz uma ideia de concluso :
a) porquanto
b) porm
c) pois
d) contudo
e) conquanto

7) Em: ". . . esses merecem perdo ou reparao total?" - o

conectivo ou encerra a ideia de:
a) excluso
b) alternncia
c) adio
d) condio
e) simultaneidade

Exemplo:
J que todos saram, desisto do negcio.
EXERCCIOS
1) Na orao Segundo o jornal noticiou, o ndice de
desemprego aumentar., temos a conjuno subordinativa:
a) consecutiva
b) condicional
c) causal
d) temporal
e) conformativa

1-E

44

2-D

3-A

RESPOSTA
4-C
5-D

6-C

7-B

Lngua Portuguesa
Uma variante da voz reflexiva a que denota reciprocidade, ao mtua ou correspondida. Os verbos desta voz, por
alguns chamados recprocos, usam-se geralmente, no plural
e podem ser reforados pelas expresses um ao outro, reciprocamente, mutuamente.

VOZES VERBAIS: ATIVA E PASSIVA

VOZES DO VERBO
Voz do verbo a forma que este toma para indicar que a
ao verbal praticada ou sofrida pelo sujeito.

Ex.: Amam-se como irmos.

Os pretendentes insultaram-se.
(Pronome reflexivo recproco)

Trs so as vozes dos verbos: a ativa, a passiva e a reflexiva.

CONVERSO DA VOZ ATIVA NA PASSIVA

Um verbo est na voz ativa quando o sujeito agente,

isto , faz a ao expressa pelo verbo.

Pode-se mudar a voz ativa na passiva sem alterar substancialmente o sentido da frase:
Ex.: Gutenberg inventou a imprensa.
A imprensa foi inventada por Gutenberg.

Ex.: O caador abateu a ave.

Um verbo est na voz passiva quando o sujeito paciente, isto , sofre, recebe ou desfruta, a ao expressa pelo
verbo.
Ex.: A ave foi abatida pelo caador.
Obs.: S verbos transitivos podem ser usados na voz passiva.

Observe que o objeto direto ser o sujeito da passiva, o

sujeito da ativa passar a agente da passiva e o verbo ativo
revestir a forma passiva, conservando o mesmo tempo.
Ex.: Os calores intensos provocam as chuvas.
As chuvas so provocadas pelos calores intensos.
Eu o acompanharei. Ele ser acompanhado por mim.
Obs.: Quando o sujeito da voz ativa for indeterminado, no
haver complemento agente da passiva.

FORMAO DA VOZ PASSIVA

A voz passiva, mais frequentemente, formada:

Ex.: Prejudicaram-me. Fui prejudicado.

1) Pelo verbo auxiliar ser seguido do particpio do verbo principal (passiva analtica).
Ex.: O homem afligido pelas doenas.

EXERCCIOS
1) Transpondo para a voz passiva a orao O faro dos ces
guiava os caadores, obtm-se a forma verbal:

Na passiva analtica, o verbo pode vir acompanhado pelo

agente da passiva. Menos frequentemente, pode-se exprimir
a passiva analtica com outros verbos auxiliares.
Ex.: A aldeia estava isolada pelas guas.
(agente da passiva)
2) Com o pronome apassivador se associado a um verbo
ativo da terceira pessoa (passiva pronominal).

a) guiava-se
b) ia guiando
c) guiavam
d) eram guiados
e) foram guiados
2) Diante das alternativas expostas, assinale a que se encontra na voz reflexiva:
a) Antigamente contavam-se muitas histrias.
b) O garoto feriu-se com o objeto pontiagudo.
c) Os artistas foram aplaudidos pela plateia.
d) As mercadorias foram repostas conforme a demanda.
e) Questes polmicas permeiam a sociedade.

Ex.: Regam-se as plantas.

Organizou-se o campeonato.

(sujeito paciente)
(pronome apassivador ou partcula apassivadora)

3) "O velho casaro foi substitudo por um enorme edifcio."

Passando esta frase para a voz ativa, temos:

VOZ REFLEXIVA
Na voz reflexiva o sujeito , ao mesmo tempo, agente e
paciente: faz uma ao cujos efeitos ele mesmo sofre.
Ex.: O caador feriu-se.
A menina penteou-se.

a) O velho casaro, substituram-no por um enorme edifcio.

b) Um enorme edifcio substituiu o velho casaro.
c) O velho casaro substituiu o enorme edifcio.
d) Substituiu-se o enorme edifcio pelo velho casaro.
e) NDA

O verbo reflexivo conjugado com os pronomes reflexivos me, te, se, nos, vos, se. Estes pronomes so reflexivos
quando se lhes podem acrescentar: a mim mesmo, a ti mesmo, a si mesmo, a ns mesmos, etc., respectivamente.
Ex.: Consideras-te aprovado? (a ti mesmo)
pronome reflexivo

1-D

45

RESPOSTAS
2-B
3-B

Lngua Portuguesa
separar oraes coordenadas sindticas, exceto as iniciadas pela conjuno e, ou e nem:
Fez o que pde, pois sentia-se culpado pelo acidente.

PONTUAO

isolar as oraes subordinadas adjetivas explicativas:

O homem, que um ser inteligente, tambm passvel de
erro.

EMPREGO DOS SINAIS DE PONTUAO

1) VRGULA ( , )
Geralmente, a vrgula utilizada para dar uma breve
pausa na leitura.

separar as oraes subordinadas adverbiais, principalmente

quando vm antepostas orao principal:
Quando as frias chegaram, todos foram para o Nordeste.
para separar oraes reduzidas:
Terminada a aula, os alunos foram dispensados.

A vrgula entre os termos de uma orao

Emprega-se a vrgula para:

No se usa vrgula entre:

separar elementos de uma enumerao:

Crianas, jovens e velhos manifestaram-se contra a violncia.

o sujeito e o predicado:
Os alunos da escola formaram uma comisso.

separar o aposto:
Madalena, aquela moa alegre, possua uma vida infeliz.

o verbo e seus complementos:

O turista pediu informao

ao motorista.

verbo

objeto indireto

separar o vocativo:
O jantar est servido, senhor!

sujeito

predicado

objeto direto

o nome e o complemento nominal:

indispensvel.
A leitura do jornal

separar o adjunto adverbial antecipado:

Logo pela manh, ouviu-se um terrvel estrondo.

nome

Observao: Se o adjunto adverbial viesse no final da frase,

no seria necessrio o uso da vrgula.

complemento nominal

o nome e o adjunto adnominal:

da manh entrava pelas janelas.
A claridade
nome

adjunto adnominal

isolar o nome do lugar nas datas:

So Paulo, 07 de outubro de 1963.

a orao principal e a subordinada substantiva, desde que

no seja apositiva:
que voc seja feliz.
Espero

indicar a omisso de um termo:

Todos estavam alegres; eu, muito triste.

orao principal

orao subordinada substantiva

2) PONTO FINAL ( . )
Observao: Neste exemplo, foi omitido o verbo estava. . . .
eu estava muito triste.
depois do sim e do no, usados como resposta, no incio da
frase:

O ponto final usado para representar a pausa mxima

com que se encerra o perodo.
Emprega-se o ponto final:
no perodo simples:

Voc vai escola?

Sim, vou. ou No, vou ficar em casa.

A partida de futebol foi emocionante.

para separar palavras e expresses explicativas ou retificativas como por exemplo, ou melhor, isto , alis, alm disso,
ento, etc.
Eles foram praia ontem, alis, anteontem.
para separar termos deslocados de sua posio normal na
frase:
De doce, eu gosto.
para separar elementos paralelos de um provrbio:
Tal pai, tal filho.

no perodo composto:
No quero que voc tenha medo de mim.
nas abreviaturas:
d.C. - depois de Cristo
Av. avenida
pl. - plural
3) PONTO-E-VRGULA ( ; )
O ponto-e-vrgula utilizado para marcar uma pausa
intermediria entre o ponto e a vrgula.

A vrgula entre oraes

No perodo composto, emprega-se a vrgula para:

Emprega-se o ponto-e-vrgula para:

separar oraes coordenadas assindticas:
separar oraes coordenadas, se uma delas j tiver vrgula:
Foi at a cozinha, bebeu um copo de gua, pensou por
alguns instantes, acendeu seu cigarro.

Fazia muito calor naquela manh; alguns hspedes, pensava eu, tinham ido piscina.

46

Lngua Portuguesa
separar oraes coordenadas de sentido oposto:

verbo no imperativo:

As crianas viajaro hoje; os adultos amanh.

Venha c! Apague a luz!

separar itens de uma enumerao, de um regulamento, de

um decreto, de uma lei, etc.

Depois de vocativo:
Tenha pacincia, Joo!

Art. 17 - Fica vedado:

I - fumar em local fechado;
II - ter animais de grande e mdio porte;
III - usar o ptio para promover festas;
IV - usar o salo de festas para reunies.

7) RETICNCIAS (. . .)
As reticncias so utilizadas para indicar que a frase foi
interrompida. Emprega-se as reticncias para indicar:

4) DOIS-PONTOS ( : )

dvida, hesitao ou surpresa:

Os dois-pontos so utilizados para marcar uma sensvel

suspenso da voz de uma frase no concluda.

Eu estava pensando . . . no sei se invisto o dinheiro em

aes ou em imveis.

Emprega-se os dois-pontos:

interrupo da fala do narrador ou da personagem:

para anunciar a fala da personagem:

O professor ordenou:
Faam silncio!

Eu te amo, disse Lusa em voz baixa. Como Alfredo

no escutou, Lusa ia dizer outra vez: eu te . . ., mas foi
interrompida com a chegada de seu pai.

para anunciar uma enumerao:

Os entrevistados do programa sero os seguintes: J
Soares, Marta Suplicy, Antonio Fagundes e Paulo Maluf.

supresso de palavras:

para anunciar um esclarecimento:

Escute bem isto: s se vive bem quando se tem paz.

Samantha parecia impaciente:

Mame, eu quero . . . a senhora sabe . . . eu . . . eu
quero muito bem a senhora.
ao final de uma frase, que o sentido continua:

para anunciar uma citao:

O filsofo Descartes disse: Penso, logo existo.

E a vida continua . . .

na invocao das correspondncias:

Prezado amigo:

8) PARNTESES ( ( ) )

antes de oraes apositivas:

Ns defendemos uma ideia: que todos devem ter acesso
sade, segurana e educao.

Os parnteses so usados para intercalar pequenos comentrios que no se encaixam na ordem lgica da frase.
Empregam-se os parnteses para:

5) PONTO DE INTERROGAO ( ? )
isolar palavras explicativas:
O ponto de interrogao utilizado para marcar as oraes interrogativas diretas.
Onde estaro os livros que perdi?
Observaes:
a) O ponto de interrogao no empregado nas perguntas
indiretas:

A diretora da escola pediu aos alunos que conservassem

a escola, e todos (menos o Carlos) resolveram ajudar.
destacar datas:
Gregrio de Matos (1633 - 1695) foi a maior expresso
do Barroco brasileiro.

Melissa perguntou onde estariam os livros que perdeu.

isolar frases intercaladas:
b) O ponto de interrogao e o de exclamao podem aparecer lado a lado em frases de entonao interrogativa e exclamativa:
O senhor outra vez?! Assim no possvel!

O senhor Irineu (que Deus o tenha!) era uma pessoa

arrogante e mal-humorada.
indicaes cnicas (em peas de teatro, roteiros de tev
etc.):

6) PONTO DE EXCLAMAO ( ! )
Emprega-se o ponto de exclamao, geralmente,
depois de:
frases exclamativas:
Que dia lindo!
interjeies e onomatopeias:
Puxa!
Plim - plim!

(Entra Ivone desesperada)

Onde, onde esto as crianas?
9) TRAVESSO ( )
O travesso usado para indicar com que pessoa do
discurso est a fala.
Emprega-se o travesso para:

47

Lngua Portuguesa
indicar a mudana do interlocutor no dilogo:

Art. 1. Constituem Princpios Fundamentais de Contabilidade (PFC) os enunciados por esta Resoluo.

Bom dia, Jos. Como vai?

Bom dia, querida. Eu estou bem.

1. A observncia dos Princpios Fundamentais de Contabilidade obrigatria no exerccio da profisso e constitui condio de legitimidade das Normas Brasileiras de
Contabilidade (NBC).

isolar a parte final de um enunciado:

Todos ns cometemos erros erros, s vezes, injustificveis.
isolar palavras ou frases, usa-se travesso duplo:

14) CHAVE ( { ) OU CHAVES ( { } )

A chave utilizada para dividir um assunto. As chaves
so muito empregadas em matemtica.

A Chula dana tpica do sul do pas acompanhada

a sanfona ou violo.

(Mack / 92) - Sejam os conjuntos

ligar grupos de palavras que indicam itinerrio:

A = {x | x mltiplo de 7} e 9 = {x 0 |12 < x < 864}.

A rodovia Presidente Dutra a estrada que liga Rio

So Paulo.

Ento o nmero de elementos de A 1 B :

a) 78 b) 100 c) 122 d) 146 e) 166
Resposta: Alternativa c.

10) ASPAS ( )
As aspas so utilizadas para isolar do contexto frases ou
palavras alheias.

15) BARRA ( / )
A barra muito utilizada nas abreviaes das datas
e em algumas abreviaturas.

Empregam-se as aspas:
no incio e no fim de uma citao:

01 / 06 / 94
A/C - ao(s) cuidado(s)

Deus, Deus! onde ests que no respondes?

(Castro Alves)
nas palavras ou expresses estrangeiras, arcasmos, neologismos, grias, etc.

EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale a alternativa corretamente pontuada:
a) Hoje, em dia, atravs do avano da medicina, muitas doenas tm cura.
b) Hoje em dia atravs do avano da medicina, muitas doenas, tm cura.
c) Hoje em dia, atravs do avano da medicina, muitas doenas tm cura.
d) Hoje em dia, atravs do avano da medicina muitas doenas tm cura.

Fui ao show do Roberto Carlos.

O novo cd dos Tits sinistro!
dar nfase a palavras e expresses:
Meu irmo no isso que dizem.
ironizar os termos de uma orao:

2) Observe as frases:
Havia sempre um porqu em tudo que dizia.
11) COLCHETES ( [ ] )

I - Mame sempre dizia: Cuidado com os falsos amigos.

II - Terminado o discurso, o governador retirou-se.
III - Espero, que voc alcance seus objetivos.

Os colchetes so utilizados com a mesma finalidade dos

parnteses, principalmente na linguagem cientfica e religiosa.

Verificamos que est (esto) corretamente pontuada( s):

estrbico. Adj. 1. Relativo ao, ou prprio do estrabismo

(1). 2. Diz-se de indivduo atacado de estrabismo
(1). [Sin.: caolho, vesgo, zarolho.]

a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a I e a II
d) apenas a III
3) Naquele momento s desejava uma coisa: que Alberto
retornasse o mais breve possvel.

12) ASTERISCO ( * )
O asterisco utilizado para chamar a ateno do leitor
para alguma nota (observao), ou para substituir um nome
que no se quer mencionar.

Assinale a alternativa correta:

a) Os dois-pontos antecipam um desejo do autor.
b) Os dois-pontos anunciam uma citao.
c) Os dois-pontos anunciam a fala da personagem.
d) Os dois-pontos anunciam e introduzem um esclarecimento.

O Marqus * * *
13) PARGRAFO ( )
O pargrafo utilizado para indicar um item de um texto
ou artigo de lei.

48

1-C

RESPOSTAS
2-C

3-D

Lngua Portuguesa
Observao:
Se houver partcula atrativa, dever ser usada a prclise.
Assim:

COLOCAO PRONOMINAL
Os pronomes oblquos tonos (o, a, os, as, lhe, lhes, me,
te, se, nos, vos) podem ocupar trs posies na orao em
relao ao verbo:

No o compreenderia.

a) antes do verbo neste caso tem-se a prclise e diz-se

que o pronome est procltico.

Emprega-se, geralmente, a nclise:

Uso da nclise

Nunca se fala nestas coisas aqui.

Quero que todos me acompanhem.

com verbos no incio do perodo:

Sabe-se que a temperatura global est em mdia cerca

de meio grau Celsius mais alta do que h 100 anos.

b) no meio do verbo tem-se a mesclise, e o pronome

est mesocltico.

Ajudar-te-ei amanh sem falta.

Dir-lhe-ei depois o que desejo.

com verbos no modo imperativo afirmativo:

Diga, diga-lhe toda a verdade.

Levante-se da, senhor Belchior...

c) depois do verbo tem-se, ento, a nclise, e o pronome
est encltico.
Ouviu-se um alarido.
Faltavam-me alguns relgios.

com verbos no gerndio, desde que no venham precedidos da preposio em:

Para tratar o enfermo, no basta ter pena dele, consolando-o e ouvindo-o com interesse.

Uso da prclise

com verbos no infinitivo impessoal:

A prclise ser obrigatria:

No sou desumano, no traria o bicho aqui para maltrat quando houver palavra de sentido negativo antes do verbo.

lo.
Casos especiais

Nada lhe posso dizer.

Ningum me procurou.

A seguir, alguns casos em que o pronome oblquo vem

acompanhado de locuo verbal.

quando conjuno subordinativa e pronome relativo estiverem presentes na orao.

Quero que me entendas.
Ainda que a encontre, no conversaremos.
O recibo que lhe deram no vlido.

a) Quando o verbo principal de uma locuo verbal encontra-se no infinitivo ou no gerndio, coloca-se o pronome oblquo depois do verbo auxiliar ou depois do verbo principal:
Quero-lhe pedir dinheiro.
v. auxiliar

em oraes iniciadas por palavras interrogativas.

em oraes que exprimem desejo, iniciadas por palavras

exclamativas.

partcula v. auxiliar
atrativa

quando se usar gerndio com em.

Em se tratando de medicina, ele especialista.
Em se apresentando condies, faremos o que pedes.

partcula v. principal
atrativa

b) Quando o verbo principal de uma locuo verbal encontrase no particpio, coloca-se o pronome oblquo depois do verbo auxiliar:
Tinha-me consultado sobre a sua deciso.
v. auxiliar

v. principal no particpio

Usa-se a mesclise os seguintes tempos verbais:

Observao:

futuro do presente:

Se a locuo verbal vier precedida de partcula atrativa, o

pronome oblquo dever vir antes do verbo auxiliar:

Dir-lhe-ei a verdade na ocasio certa.

Se a locuo verbal vier precedida de partcula atrativa, o

pronome dever vir antes do verbo auxiliar ou depois do
verbo principal:
No lhe quero pedir dinheiro. No quero pedir-lhe dinheiro.

Deus me acuda!
Como me recordo daquele feriado!

Uso da mesclise

Quero pedir-lhe dinheiro.

v. auxiliar v. principal
no infinitivo

Observao:

Quando nos enviaro as passagens?

Quem te perdoou a dvida?

v. principal
no infinitivo

futuro do pretrito:
Dir-lhe-ia a verdade na ocasio certa.

No me tinha consultado sobre a sua deciso.

partcula v. auxiliar
atrativa

49

Lngua Portuguesa
EXERCCIOS
CONCORDNCIA VERBAL E NOMINAL
1 A colocao do pronome tono est incorreta apenas em:
a) No poderia consult-lo fraca luz da masmorra.
b) Nunca mais v-los-ia, nunca!
c) Quaresma, porm, enganava-se em parte.
d) O que o fazia sofrer era aquela semivida de moa, mergulhada na loucura e na modstia.
2 Assinale a alternativa em que o pronome oblquo esteja
colocado de maneira correta, segundo a norma culta gramatical.
a)
b)
c)
d)

Talvez tenha solicitado-me o pedido.

Jamais convidei-o para compor minha equipe.
Se for necessrio, calarei-me.
At l muitos s se tero arrependido.

3 Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre nclise:

a) Os senadores cujos mandatos se prorrogaram foram
cassados.
b) Repetir-se-, assim, o que neste ano j aconteceu com
tantos outros feriados.
c) Para assust-lo, os soldados atiram a esmo.
d) No nos iludamos, o jogo est feito.
4 Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre prclise:
a) Apanhei-te, cavaquinho.
b) Quem te viu, quem te v.
c) At o final do ano, abster-me-ei da meditao contemplativa.
d) Faa-se logo o que precisa ser feito.
5 - As fotos que ................ esto timas; ................ em breve
conforme ................ por telefone.
a) me mandaram; devolv-las-ei; lhes informei.
b) mandaram-me; devolverei-as; informei-lhes
c) me mandaram; devolverei-as; lhes informei
d) mandaram-me; devolv-las-ei; informei-lhes

a) Usa-se a prclise quando o verbo vem precedido de expresses negativas;

b) Usa-se a prclise com verbo no infinitivo;
c) Usa-se a mesclise com o verbo no futuro do presente e
no futuro do pretrito;
d) Usa-se a nclise quando a frase se inicia com o verbo.
7 - Assinale a alternativa em que h erro de colocao do
pronome pessoal tono:
a) Ela deve passar no vestibular porque se esforou o ano
inteiro.
b) No venha-me dizer que no tem dinheiro.
c) Era meu desejo reencontrar-te um dia.
d) Mostrar-lhe-ia todos os encantos do Rio de Janeiro.

1-B
5-A

RESPOSTAS
2-D
3-C
6-B
7-B

4-B
8-D

O verbo concorda com o sujeito em nmero e pessoa com

as seguintes regras:
1) Sujeito composto anteposto ao verbo: este fica no
plural.
O pai, a me e o filho esto ausentes.
2) Sujeito composto posposto ao verbo: este pode concordar com o ncleo mais prximo ou com todos os ncleos
indo para o plural.
Est ausente o pai, a me e o filho.
Esto ausentes o pai, a me e o filho.
3) Sujeito composto por pronomes pessoais diferentes:
o verbo vai para o plural concordando com a pessoa que
possui prioridade gramatical (ou seja, 1 pessoa prevalece
sobre 2 e 3; 2 pessoa prevalece sobre a 3).
Eu, tu, ele e ela somos bons amigos. (eu - ns)
Tu, ele e ela sois bons amigos. (tu - vs)
Ela e tu ireis embora. (tu - vs)
4) Sujeito composto: tendo seus ncleos ligados por no
s ... mas tambm, tanto ... quanto, no s ... como, o
verbo concorda com o mais prximo ou vai para o plural.
No s a moa, mas tambm o prncipe estariam pobres.
Obs.: Caso se trate de uma simples comparao, o verbo
fica no singular.
Este aumento de salrio, assim como o anterior, no
compensou.
5) Sujeito ligado por "com": o verbo ir para o plural se
indicar cooperao na ao, visto que a preposio forma
verdadeiro sujeito composto, equivalente a e; se a preposio
com exprimir circunstncia de companhia, o verbo fica no
singular.

6 - Assinale a afirmao incorreta:

8 - H um erro de colocao pronominal em:

a) Nunca o decepcionei.
b) Passe-me a manteiga, por favor.
c) No se faa de bobo.
d) Entrarei no baile, se deixarem-me.

CONCORDNCIA VERBAL

Napoleo com seus soldados invadiram a Europa.

Egas Monis, com a mulher e os filhos, apresentou-se ao
rei da Espanha.
6) Sujeito ligado por "ou": levar-se- em conta para o
verbo ficar:
a) no singular:
excluso: Pedro ou Paulo ser eleito.
sinonmia: A glotologia ou a lingustica uma cincia que se
ocupa da linguagem humana.
b) no plural:
incluso: O calor ou o frio excessivo prejudicam certas plantas. (ou = e)
antonmia: O choro ou o riso constituam o viver daquela
gente.
retificao: O ladro ou os ladres no deixaram nenhum
vestgio.
Porm: na antecipao do verbo, d-se concordncia com o
mais prximo.
Nenhum vestgio de sua presena deixou o autor ou
autores do crime.

50

Lngua Portuguesa
7) Sujeitos representados por "um e outro": o verbo pode
ficar no singular ou no plural.
Um e outro testemunho o condenavam (ou condenava).
8) Sujeitos representados por "um ou outro": o verbo fica
no singular.
Uma ou outra pode alugar a casa.
9) Sujeito representado por "nem um, nem outro": exige
o verbo no singular.

b) Os que indicam fenmenos da natureza: chover, ventar,

nevar, gear, etc.
c) Os verbos haver, fazer, estar, ir, ser (com referncia a
tempo).
H trs dias que no o vejo.
Faz quatro meses que no nado.
Vai em dois anos ou pouco mais . . .
cedo.
Est frio.
Entretanto:

Afirma-se que nem um, nem outro falou a verdade.

O verbo ser concorda com o predicativo.
10) Sujeito representado por expresso como "a maioria
de" (a maior parte, parte de) + um nome no plural: o verbo
ir para o singular ou plural.
A maioria dos doidos ali metidos esto (ou est) em
perfeito juzo.
11) Sujeito representado por um coletivo: o verbo fica no
singular, embora em escritores clssicos se encontrem exemplos de concordncias no com o coletivo, mas com a
ideia de plural que ele encerra (silepse).
Mas nem sempre o povo acerta.

So dez horas.
uma hora.
Os verbos existir, acontecer, so pessoais, ou seja, admitem sujeito e concordam com ele.
Existem duas manchas na parede.
(sujeito = duas manchas)
Aconteceram fatos estranhos.
(sujeito = fatos)
Nas locues verbais, o verbo impessoal transmite a sua
impessoalidade para o verbo auxiliar.

12) Sujeito representado pela palavra "que" pronome

relativo: o verbo concorda em nmero e pessoa com o antecedente da palavra "que".
Fui eu que te vesti do meu sudrio.
No s tu que me ds felicidade.

Vai haver novas oportunidades.

(no h sujeito)
Est fazendo dez anos que . . .
Porm:

13) Sujeito representado pelo pronome "quem": o verbo

vai para a 3 pessoa do singular, ou concorda com o sujeito
da orao principal.

Vo existir novas oportunidades.

(existir = verbo pessoal)
Estavam acontecendo coisas estranhas.
(estar = verbo pessoal)

Mas no sou eu quem est em jogo. (ou "estou")

14) Sujeito composto seguido de um aposto resumidor:
o verbo concorda com a palavra resumidora e no com o
sujeito composto.
Jogos, convenes, espetculos, nada o distraa.
Desvios, fraudes, roubos, tudo era permitido.
15) Verbo + pronome apassivador "se": concorda com o
sujeito paciente em nmero e pessoa.

18) O verbo "dar", "bater" + hora(s): estes verbos concordam com o sujeito expresso hora(s).
Deram h pouco nove horas!
Bateram devagar dez horas!
Porm:
Se, na orao, vem a palavra relgio, funcionando como
sujeito, o verbo concordar com ela em nmero e pessoa.

Ouviam-se aplausos no salo.

Compram-se livros usados.
Vendem-se apartamentos.

Que horas deu o relgio?

Vai dar dez horas o relgio da S.

16) Verbo + ndice de indeterminao do sujeito "se":

fica o verbo na 3 pessoa do singular.
Precisa-se de carpinteiros.
Gosta-se de praias naquela regio.
Necessita-se de outras explicaes.

19) O verbo "ser":

a) Com as palavras tudo, isto, isso, aquilo, o que e o predicativo no plural, o verbo ser tambm pode ir para o plural ou
ficar no singular.

17) Verbos impessoais: ficam, normalmente, na 3 pessoa

do singular:

Tudo eram memrias na infncia.

Isto no so coisas que voc possa dizer.
Tudo so flores.

a) O verbo haver no sentido de existir, acontecer.

Havia dois alunos no corredor.
Houve fatos estranhos naquela cidadezinha.

b) O sujeito que d nome pessoa concorda com o verbo

ser.
O filho as alegrias do pai.

51

Lngua Portuguesa
c) O sujeito que d nome a algo pede o verbo concordando
com o predicativo no plural.
O problema so as suas dvidas.
d) O pronome pessoal sujeito ou predicativo pede a concordncia do verbo com ele.
Ele era todo ouvidos e angstia.
O trouxa neste caso fui eu.

4) O verbo concorda em nmero e pessoa com o sujeito.

Portanto, no est correta a alternativa:
a) Faltam ainda seis meses para o vencimento.
b) Existem fortes indcios de melhoria geral.
c) No provm da os males sofridos.
d) Os fatos que o perturbam so bem poucos.
e) Sero considerados vlidos tais argumentos?
5) Quando ............... dez minutos para o trmino da aula,
................. na lousa as tarefas de casa.

e) As expresses muito, pouco, mais de, menos de,

tanto, quando indicam preo, quantidade, peso ficam com o
verbo no singular.
Duas horas no tanto assim.
Oitocentos gramas muito.

a) faltar / sero escritos.

b) faltar / sero escritas.
c) faltar / ser escrito.
d) faltarem / sero escritas.
e) faltarem / ser escrito.

f) Em horas, datas e distncias, o verbo ser impessoal e

concorda com o predicativo.

6) Conheci-a, ..................... poucos dias,

...............novas oportunidades para encontr-la.

Hoje so quatorze de outubro.

predicativo
Hoje dia quatorze de outubro.
predicativo

a) deve haver / faltar

b) devem haver / faltaro
c) deve haver / faltaro
d) devem haver / faltaro
e) devem haver / faltar

zero hora em So Paulo.

So dez horas da manh.
So cem quilmetros daqui at l.

mas

no

7) Assinale a frase que contm um erro no que diz respeito

ao emprego do verbo "fazer":

Obs.: Em datas, o verbo ser pode concordar com a ideia da

palavra dia, mesmo que ela no aparea.
Hoje 2 de outubro.
EXERCCIOS

a) Faz trs anos que regressaram.

b) Fazem-se muitos trabalhos apressadamente.
c) J deve fazer dois anos que vieram para o Brasil.
d) Vo fazer dois anos que l estive pela ltima vez.
e) Aqui faz veres terrveis.
8) Assinale a alternativa em que a concordncia est incorreta, segundo o uso clssico da lngua portuguesa.

1) Indique a alternativa correta:

a) Mais de um jornal publicou a notcia.

b) Ele e tu iro ao teatro.
c) Sou eu quem paga.
d) No fui eu a que chegou primeiro.
e) Cada um dos jogadores daquele quadro j ganhou um
prmio.

a) Tratavam-se de questes fundamentais.

b) Comprou-se terrenos no subrbio.
c) Reformam-se ternos.
d) Obedeceram-se aos severos regulamentos.
e) Precisam-se de datilgrafas.
2) A relao de verbos que completam, convenientemente e
respectivamente, as lacunas dos perodos abaixo :

9) Este ano, ................ as festas que ................, que eu no

comparecerei a nenhuma.

a) so / so / eram / Devem.
b) / so / era / Deve.
c) / / era / Devem.
d) so / / era / Deve.
e) so / / eram / Deve.

a) pode haver / haver

b) podem haver / houverem
c) pode haver / houver
d) pode haver / houverem
e) pode haverem / houver

I. Hoje .......... 24 de janeiro.

II. Trinta quilmetros .......... muito.
III. J .......... uma e vinte.
IV. .......... ser duas horas.

10) Assinale a alternativa incorreta:

3) Nas cinco alternativas, h duas concordncias verbais

erradas. Indique-as.
a) Eu, tu e nossos amigos iremos no mesmo avio.
b) Tu e meus amigos ireis no mesmo trem.
c) Tu e meus amigos iro no mesmo automvel.
d) V. Ex, eles e aqueles garotos seguireis depois.
e) Margarida e vossa tia seguireis primeiro.

a) Precisam-se alunos especializados.

b) Precisa-se de alunos especializados.
c) Precisa-se de alunos competentes.
d) Assiste-se a filmes nacionais.
e) Obedea-se aos regulamentos.

1-C
6-C

52

2-C
7-D

RESPOSTAS
3-C
8-B

4-C
9-C

5-D
10 - A

Lngua Portuguesa
CONCORDNCIA NOMINAL

9) Anexo, incluso, junto, bastante e nenhum, concordam,

normalmente, com os substantivos a que se referem.

1) Quando o adjetivo se referir a um s nome, o substantivo

concorda com ele em gnero e nmero.

Segue anexa a cpia do contrato.

Vo inclusos os requerimentos.
Seguem juntas as notas.
Bastantes pessoas ignoram esse plural.
Homens nenhuns, nenhumas causas.

Boa rvore no d maus frutos.

2) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
do mesmo gnero e do singular e vier posposto, toma o
gnero deles e vai facultativamente, para o singular ou plural.

Observaes:
a) Alerta e menos so sempre invariveis.

Disciplina, ao e coragem digna (ou dignas).

Estamos alerta.
H situaes menos complicadas.
H menos pessoas no local.

Porm: Dedicado o pai, o filho e o irmo.

(adjetivo anteposto concordar com o mais prximo).
3) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
de gneros diferentes e do singular e vier posposto, poder ir para o masculino plural ou concordar com o mais prximo.

b) Em anexo sempre invarivel.

Seguem, em anexo, as fotografias.
10) Meio - meia, como adjetivo concordam em gnero e
nmero com o substantivo que modificam, mas como advrbio meio permanece invarivel.

Escolheste lugar e hora maus.

Escolheste lugar e hora m.
Porm: Sinto eterno amor e gratido.
(adjetivo anteposto concordar com o mais prximo).

Obs.: como adjetivo, modifica o substantivo; como advrbio,

modifica o adjetivo, o verbo e o prprio advrbio.

4) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos

de gneros diferentes e do plural e vier posposto, tomar
o plural masculino ou concordar com o mais prximo.

J meio-dia e meia (hora). (substantivo)

Comprei dois meios litros de leite. (substantivo)
Quero meio quilo de caf. (substantivo)
Ele sentia-se meio cansado. (adjetivo)
Elas pareciam meio tontas. (adjetivo)
Minha me est meio exausta. (adjetivo)

Rapazes e moas estudiosos (ou estudiosas).

5) Quando o adjetivo se referir a dois ou mais substantivos
de gnero e nmero diferente e vier posposto, poder
concordar com o mais prximo ou ir para o plural masculino.

Esto nesse caso palavras como: pouco, muito, bastante,

barato, caro, meio, longe, etc.

Primos, primas e irms educadssimas (ou educadssimos).

11) Dado e visto e qualquer outro particpio, concordam

com o substantivo a que se referem.

6) Pode o adjetivo ainda concordar com o mais prximo

quando os substantivos so ou podem ser considerados
sinnimos.

Dados os conhecimentos (substantivo masculino)

Dadas as condies (substantivo feminino)
Vistas as dificuldades (substantivo feminino)
12) As expresses um e outro e nem um nem outro so
seguidas de um substantivo singular.

Gratido e reconhecimento profundo.

7) Quando dois ou mais adjetivos se referem ao mesmo
substantivo determinado pelo artigo, ocorrem trs tipos de
construo:

. . . mas aprovei um e outro ato.

. . . mas uma e outra coisa duraram.
Porm:

Estudo as lnguas inglesa e francesa.

Estudo a lngua inglesa e a francesa.
Estudo a lngua inglesa e francesa.

Quando um e outro for seguido de adjetivo, o substantivo fica no singular e o adjetivo vai para o plural.

8) As palavras: mesmo, prprio e s (quando equivale a

sozinho) concordam segundo a regra geral em gnero e
nmero com a palavra a que se referem. S quando equivale
a somente advrbio e invarivel.
Ela mesma me avisou.
Vocs prprios me trouxeram a notcia.
Ns no estivemos ss.
S eles no concordaram.

Uma e outra parede sujas.

Um e outro lado escuros.
13) A palavra possvel em o mais . . . possvel, o pior
possvel, o melhor possvel, mantm-se invarivel.
Praias o mais tentadoras possvel.
Porm:

Obs.: A expresso a ss invarivel.

Exemplo:
Gostaria de ficar a ss por uns momentos.

Com o plural os mais, os menos, os piores, os melhores, a palavra possvel vai para o plural.
Praias as mais tentadoras possveis.

53

Lngua Portuguesa
14) A palavra obrigado concorda com o nome a que se
refere.
Muito obrigado (masculino singular)
Muito obrigada (feminino singular)
Eles disseram muito obrigados (masculino plural)
15) O verbo ser mais adjetivo.
Nos predicados nominais em que ocorre o verbo ser mais
um adjetivo, formando expresses do tipo bom, claro,
evidente, etc., h duas construes:
se o sujeito no vem precedido de nenhum modificador,
tanto o verbo quanto o adjetivo ficam invariveis.
Cerveja bom.
proibido entrada.
se o sujeito vem precedido de modificador, tanto o verbo
quanto o predicativo concordam regularmente.
A cerveja boa.
proibida a entrada.
16) Concordncia do Adjetivo (Predicativo)
a) Predicativo do Sujeito: concorda com o sujeito em nmero e gnero:
As crianas estavam tristonhas.

3) Assinale, dentre as frases abaixo, as opes corretas

quanto concordncia nominal.
a) meio-dia e meia.
b) proibido entrada.
c) proibida a entrada.
d) Seguem anexo os documentos.
e) Seguem anexo notas fiscais.
f) Envio inclusas as faturas.
g) permitido a entrada.
Questes de 4 a 6 - Responda, segundo o cdigo:
a) Apenas correta a I.
b) Apenas correta a II.
c) Apenas correta a III.
d) Todas corretas.
e) Todas erradas.
4) I. expressamente proibido entrada.
II. Ma muito bom para os dentes.
III. Ser necessria tal atitude?
5) I. Na sala, havia lugares bastantes para todos.
II. Eu mesmo, uma mulher experiente, cometo erros infantis.
III. necessrio, neste momento, a exatido dos fatos.

b) Predicativo do Objeto:

6) I. Encontrei uma e outra janela aberta.

II. Marta estava meia preocupada.
III. Seguia anexo ao envelope uma lista de preos.

Se o objeto direto for simples o adjetivo predicativo concorda em gnero e nmero com o objeto.
Trouxeram-na desmaiada.

7) Assinale o item que apresenta erro de concordncia:

Se o objeto direto for composto o adjetivo predicativo dever flexionar-se no plural e no gnero dos objetos.
A justia declarou criminosas a atriz e suas amigas.

a) Os fatos falam por si s.

b) Ele estuda a histria e a mitologia egpcia.
c) Estes produtos custam cada vez mais caro.
d) Ela mesma nos agradeceu.
e) Ele mesmo construiu sua casa.

17) Substantivos ligados por ou: o adjetivo concorda com o

mais prximo ou, ento, vai para o plural.
uma flor ou um fruto saboroso OU saborosos.
18) Dois ou mais ordinais determinando o substantivo: este
ficar no singular ou no plural.
a primeira e segunda ferida (OU feridas) do corao.

8) Elas ............... enviaram os atestados ............... s procuraes.

a) mesmos, anexas
b) mesmas, anexas
c) mesmos, anexos
d) mesmas, anexos
e) mesmo, anexo
9) Apenas uma alternativa preenche corretamente os espaos existentes na sentena abaixo. Assinale-a:

EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre erro na concordncia
do verbo ser e do predicativo.

Aqueles seguranas esto ............... porque encontraram

............... marcas de mo.

a) perigoso contratos muito longos.

b) Foi arriscada a sua proposta.
c) necessrio atitudes desse tipo.
d) No parecia, mas era claro sua inteno.
e) Cerveja gelada bom para a sade.

a) alerta bastante
c) alertas bastantes
e) n.d.a.

2) Assinale a alternativa em que ocorra algum erro de concordncia nominal.

a) justa mesmas
c) justa mesmo
e) justas - mesma

a) Saiba que voc cometeu um crime de lesa-majestade.

b) Estejam alerta, pois o inimigo no manda aviso.
c) H menos indecises do que parece.
d) Permitiram-me que as deixo s.
e) Ele sentiu que precisava ficar a ss.

b) alerta - bastantes
d) alertas - bastante

10) No foi ............... a nota que receberam. Elas .......fizeram

o trabalho.

1-D

2-D

6-E

7-A

54

b) justo - mesmo
d) justo - mesmas

RESPOSTAS
3 a; b;
c; f
8-D

4-D

5-A

9-B

10 - A

Lngua Portuguesa
No sentido de pertencer, caber, transitivo indireto
(preposio a).

REGNCIA VERBAL E NOMINAL

Assiste ao diretor comunicar as novas regras.

VTI

REGNCIA VERBAL

No sentido de morar, residir intransitivo.

Quando o termo regente um verbo.

H dois anos ele assiste em So Paulo

Precisamos de alimento.
termo regente
(verbo)

OI

VI

termo regido
(objeto indireto)

Agradecer
H verbos que admitem mais de uma regncia sem que o
sentido seja alterado.
os favores que fez.
Nunca esquecerei
verbo transitivo direto

objeto direto

objeto referindo-se a coisa, transitivo direto.

Agradeci o presente. Agradeci-o.
VTD

Nunca esquecerei

dos favores que me fez.

verbo transitivo indireto

objeto indireto

H outros verbos que mudando a regncia, mudam de

significado.

VTI

OI

com os dois objetos, transitivo direto e indireto.

Agradeci o presente mame.
Agradeci-o mame.
Agradeci-lhe o presente.

O policial visou o alvo e atirou.

transitivo direto

OD

objeto referindo-se a pessoa, transitivo indireto

(preposio a).
Agradeci ao mdico. Agradeci-lhe.

(visar = apontar, mirar)

Ele visava a uma boa colocao na firma.

transitivo indireto (visar = pretender)

Ajudar
transitivo direto.

REGNCIA DE ALGUNS VERBOS

Sempre ajudo mame nos afazeres de casa.

VTD

Agradar e desagradar

transitivo direto e indireto. (preposio a).

No sentido de fazer carinho, transitivo direto.

Ajudei-a a lavar a loua.

O pai agradava a filha.

VTD

VTDI OD

OD

No sentido de contentar, transitivo indireto (preposio a).

O filme agradou

OI

Amar
transitivo direto.

ao pblico.

VTI

OD

OI

As crianas amam seus brinquedos.

VTD

OD

Aspirar
intransitivo.
No sentido de respirar, sorver, transitivo direto.
Amei demais e no fui correspondido.
Aspirei

o ar da manh.

VTD

OD

VI

Apelar
no sentido de pretender, desejar, transitivo indireto
(preposio a).
Ele aspirava

transitivo indireto (preposio para e de).

No conseguindo resolver seus problemas, apelou para os pais.
VTI
OI

ao cargo de diretor.

VTI

OI

Assistir

Atender

No sentido de ver, transitivo indireto (preposio a).

No sentido de levar em considerao, transitivo indireto

(preposio a).

Assistimos

ao jogo de basquete.

VTI

OI

Teobaldo no atendia aos pais.

VTI

No sentido de prestar assistncia, ajudar, transitivo

direto.
A enfermeira assistiu o paciente com muito cuidado.
VTD

OI

No sentido de satisfazer, atentar, observar, transitivo

indireto (preposio a).
Mame atendia a todas as vontades de Joo.
VTI

OD

55

OI

Lngua Portuguesa
No sentido de acolher ou receber, transitivo direto.

Ensinar

O diretor da escola atendeu os pais.

VTD

transitivo direto e indireto.

OD

Helena ensina ingls aos alunos.

No sentido de conceder ou deferir um pedido, transitivo
direto.
O chefe no atendeu as exigncias dos empregados.
VTD

VTDI

OD

OI

Esquecer e lembrar

OD

transitivo direto quando no for pronominal.

Atingir

Esqueci o seu nome.

Lembrei o seu aniversrio.

transitivo direto.
O policial no atingiu o alvo.
VTD

transitivo indireto quando for pronominal (preposio de).

OD

Chamar

Esqueci-me do seu nome.

Lembrei-me do seu aniversrio.

No sentido de convidar, convocar, transitivo direto.

Ns chamamos os acionistas para uma reunio de emergncia.
VTD
OD

Informar
transitivo direto e indireto.

No sentido de denominar, cognominar, transitivo

direto ou transitivo indireto.
Chamaram-

no

empregadinho.

no

de empregadinho.

Informou os colegas de seus problemas.

VTDI

VTD

ChamaramVTD

lhe

empregadinho.

VTDI

lhe

de caloteiro.

VTI

ChamaramVTDI

OI

OD

Ir

preposio
predicativo do objeto

objeto

OI

Informou aos colegas os seus problemas.

preposio

Chamaram-

OD

intransitivo (com preposio).

Chegar

Fui escola.
VI

intransitivo (preposio a).

Fui para Salvador.
VI

Cheguei escola.
VI

adjunto adverbial

Namorar
Consistir
transitivo direto.
transitivo indireto (preposio em).
Joo namorou Clara durante cinco anos.
VTD

O futuro da nossa empresa consiste em nossa honestidade.

VTI

OD

OI

Obedecer e desobedecer
Contentar-se
transitivo indireto (preposio a).
transitivo indireto (preposio com, em, de).
Os filhos obedecem aos pais.
VTI

Ela contenta-se com to pouco.

VTI

OI

OI

Aquele motorista desobedeceu aos sinais.

VTI

OI

Custar
No sentido de ser custoso, ser difcil, transitivo indireto.
Custou mame acreditar naquele terrvel acidente.
VTI

Pagar e perdoar
transitivo direto quando o objeto refere-se coisa.

OI

Vou pagar o livro.

VTD

No sentido de acarretar, transitivo direto e indireto.

O trabalho custou-nos muita ateno.
VTDI

OI

OD

Papai perdoou suas falhas.

VTD

OD

56

OD

Lngua Portuguesa
transitivo indireto quando o objeto refere-se pessoa
(preposio a).

No sentido de passar visto, transitivo direto.

O gerente visou o cheque.
VTD

Vou pagar ao dentista.

VTI

OD

OI

No sentido de pretender, ter em vista, transitivo indireto

(preposio a).

Papai perdoou aos meninos.

VTI

OI

Sempre visei ao seu bem.

transitivo direto e indireto quando possui os dois objetos.

VTI

OI

Papai perdoou as falhas aos meninos.

VTDI

OD

EXERCCIOS

OI

1) Assinale a regncia verbal incorreta:

Precisar
a) Visei um passaporte e fui viajar.
b) Quero um bom emprego.
c) Aninha sempre obedece a me.
d) Esqueci-me do endereo.
e) Simpatizo com voc.

No sentido de marcar com preciso, transitivo direto.

O reprter no precisou o local do acidente.
VTD

OD

No sentido de necessitar, transitivo indireto (preposio

de).

2) Escolha a regncia verbal correta do verbo chamar:

Preferir

a) Chamamo-la de esperta.
b) Chamamo-la esperta.
c) Chamamos-lhe esperta.
d) Todas as alternativas esto corretas.
e) Nenhuma das alternativas est correta.

transitivo direto e indireto (preposio a).

3) A regncia est correta em:

Eu preciso de silncio para pensar.

VTI

OI

Prefiro vinho a cerveja.

VTDI

OD

OI

Prefiro o vinho cerveja.

Presidir
transitivo direto ou transitivo indireto.
Ele presidiu a Cmara dos Deputados.
VTD

OD

Ele presidiu Cmara dos Deputados.

VTI

OI

Querer

a) Prefiro caf do que ch.

b) Pedro namora com Joana.
c) Informei o endereo ao turista.
d) Cheguei na casa de Marta s cinco horas.
e) Ele contenta-se por to pouco.
4) Assinale a alternativa em que o verbo custar tem o
mesmo significado da orao abaixo:
Custa-me acreditar que voc disse isso.
a) A ida ao teatro custou-lhe caro.
b) Naquela tarde custou-me chegar escola.
c) A perda dos documentos custou-me muito.
d) Quanto custa esta joia?
e) Os alimentos custam muito caro.

No sentido de desejar, transitivo direto.

Quero uma boa casa para morar.
VTD

OD

No sentido de estimar, gostar, transitivo indireto

(preposio a).
Quero bem ao Bruno.
VTI

5) Assinale a regncia verbal incorreta:

a) No informaram aos alunos sobre as provas.
b) No informaram os alunos sobre as provas.
c) No informaram aos alunos as provas.
d) No informaram os alunos das provas.
e) No informaram das provas aos alunos.

OI

Simpatizar e antipatizar
transitivo indireto (preposio com)
Simpatizo com Lusa.
Visar

6) Assinale a regncia verbal incorreta:

a) assistir ao jogo (= ver)
b) assistir o paciente (= prestar assistncia)
c) assistir em Minas Gerais (morar)
d) assistir o professor (= caber)
e) assiste ao menino (= pertencer)

No sentido de apontar, mirar, transitivo direto.

O atirador visou o alvo.
VTD

1-C

OD

57

2-D

RESPOSTAS
3-C
4-B

5-A

6-D

Lngua Portuguesa
REGNCIA NOMINAL

EXERCCIOS
1) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto regncia nominal:

Quando o termo regente um nome (substantivo, adjetivo

ou advrbio).
termo regente termo regido
(substantivo) (complemento nominal)

a) Ele sempre foi desfavorvel a sua contratao.

b) Era uma pessoa curiosa de religio.
c) Permaneciam atentos de problemas financeiros.
d) A cerveja prefervel ao vinho.
e) Sou favorvel a uma nova reunio.

Estou preocupado com o desemprego.

2) Assinale a alternativa que no admite ambas as regncias:

Tenho amor ao prximo.

termo regente
(adjetivo)

termo regido
(complemento nominal)

a) As crianas esto imunes ao / do vrus da gripe.

b) Tenho horror a / de insetos.
c) Este filme contemporneo ao / de outro.
d) Sou devoto ao / de Santo Expedito.
e) O manual constitudo de / por novas regras de acentuao.

Agiram favoravelmente sua deciso.

termo regente
(advrbio)

termo regido
(complemento nominal)

H nomes que admitem mais de uma preposio sem que

o sentido seja alterado:
Estou apto a este tipo de trabalho.
Estou apto para este tipo de trabalho.
H outros nomes, que dependendo do sentido, pedem
outras preposies:
Tenho muita considerao por pessoas que trabalham.
Tenho muita considerao sobre o trabalho filantrpico.
Veja alguns nomes com as respectivas regncias:

acessvel a
acostumado a, com
adaptado a
aflito com, por
agradvel a
alheio a, de
alienado de
aluso a
ambicioso de
analogia com, entre
anlogo a
apto a, para
atento a, em
averso a, para, por
vido de, por
benfico a
capaz de, para
compatvel com
compreensvel a
comum a, de
constante de, em
constitudo de, por, com
contemporneo a, de
contrrio a
cuidadoso com
curioso de, a
desatento a
descontente com
desejoso de
devoto a, de
diferente de
difcil de
digno de
entendido em

equivalente a
erudito em
essencial para
estranho a
fcil de
falha de, em
falta de
favorvel a
fiel a
firme em
generoso com
grato a
hbil em
habituado a
horror a
hostil a
impossvel de
imprprio para
imune a, de
incompatvel com
indeciso em
independente de, em
indiferente a
indigno de
leal a
medo a, de
necessrio a
passvel de
perito em
possvel de
prefervel a
prejudicial a
prximo a, de
relacionado com

3) Jorge estava habituado ............... trabalhar noite,

mas isto no era benfico ............... sua sade,
descontente .............. a situao, pediu demisso.
a) por - a com
b) - com
c) - a - pela
d) a com
e) em em
4) As palavras aluso, erudito, passvel regem, respectivamente, as preposies:
a) a - em - de
b) de - em - com
c) por - de - em
d) a - de - de
e) por - em - de
5) Joana muito cuidadosa ............... os filhos, j seu marido
desatento ............... tudo.
a) a com
b) com por
c) a - de
d) a por
e) com - a
6) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto regncia nominal:
a) Sou contrrio ao voto dele.
b ) Sua atitude no foi compatvel ao seu pensamento.
c) Ele era entendido em histria.
d) Fica prximo ao Largo do Paissandu.
e) Sou leal aos meus princpios.
7) Ocorre regncia nominal inadequada em:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Ele sempre foi insensvel a elogios.

Estava sempre pronta a falar.
Sempre fui solcito com a moa.
Estava muito necessitado em carinho.
Era impotente contra tantas maldades.

1-C

58

2-B

3-D

RESPOSTAS
4-A
5-E

6-B

7-D

Lngua Portuguesa
CASOS EM QUE O USO DA CRASE OBRIGATRIO

CRASE
Crase a fuso de duas vogais a + a (), indicada pelo
acento grave. A crase pode ocorrer com a juno da preposio com:
o artigo feminino a ou as:

Fomos escola.

a mquina

o a dos pronomes demonstrativos aquele, aquela, aquilo:

Entreguei os documentos a aquele senhor.

a bala

A carta foi escrita a mquina.

Ele foi ferido a bala.
nas expresses moda de e maneira de, mesmo quando
subentendidas:

pronome demonstrativo

Entreguei os documentos quele senhor.

Usava sapatos Lus XV. ( moda de)

o a do pronome relativo a qual (as quais):

na indicao de horas:

A casa a a qual comprei h muitos anos foi demolida.

preposio

em frente
espera de
medida que

Locues adverbiais femininas que indiquem instrumento

no levam o acento de crase.

artigo

preposio

parte
s vezes
proporo que
Exceo:

Fomos a a escola.

preposio

nas locues adverbiais, prepositivas e conjuntivas femininas:

O avio chegar s quinze horas.

pronome relativo

CASOS FACULTATIVOS

A casa qual comprei h muitos anos foi demolida.

So casos em que pode ou no ocorrer a crase:

A regncia de alguns verbos exige a preposio a.

antes de nomes femininos:

No conte isso a ( ) Carla.

Veja alguns exemplos:

antes de pronomes possessivos femininos:

Obedeo a ( ) minha me.

Fui feira.
Pea sua me que lhe conte uma histria.
Referi-me sua atual situao.

depois da preposio at:

Fui at a ( ) escola.

CASOS EM QUE NO OCORRE A CRASE:

CASOS ESPECIAIS

antes de substantivos masculinos:

No assisto a jogo de futebol.

antes da palavra casa:

antes de verbos:
Assim que cheguei em casa, comeou a chover.

A palavra casa, no sentido de lar, residncia, no admite

o uso da crase. Se a palavra casa vier determinada, leva o
acento de crase.

antes de artigo indefinido:

noite iremos a uma festa.

Voltei a casa depois do trabalho.

Vou casa de meus pais nas prximas frias.

antes de pronome indefinido:

Desejo a todos boa viagem.

antes da palavra terra:

antes de pronomes pessoais do caso reto, do caso oblquo e de alguns pronomes de tratamento que no admitem
artigo:

Depois de meses no navio, os marinheiros voltaram a

terra.
Regressarei terra dos meus avs.

Dei um presente a ela.

Todos se dirigiram a mim.
Contei meus planos a Vossa Majestade.
quando o a aparece antes de uma palavra no plural, dando
um sentido genrico:
Ele se referiu a mulheres estranhas.
nas expresses formadas por palavras repetidas:
cara a cara frente a frente

A palavra terra, no sentido de cho firme, no admite o

uso da crase. Se a palavra terra vier determinada, leva o
acento de crase.

Se estivermos em dvida quanto ao emprego da crase,

basta recorrermos a trs regras bsicas:
1 REGRA:
Troca-se a palavra feminina por uma masculina correspondente.
Vou feira. Ela visitou a irm.
Vou ao cinema. Ela visitou o irmo.

59

Lngua Portuguesa
2 REGRA:

5) Assinale a alternativa em que todas as locues devem

receber o acento de crase:

Troca-se o a craseado por para a:

a) as vezes a esmo a parte
b) em frente a a espera de a medida que
c) a mquina as vezes a proporo que
d) a espera de a bala as pressas

Irei Argentina. Irei a Portugal.

Irei para a Argentina. Irei para Portugal.
3 REGRA:
Troca-se cheguei de por a e cheguei da por :

6) Todas as alternativas possuem casos facultativos no uso

da crase, exceto:

Cheguei de Belo Horizonte.

Irei a Belo Horizonte.
Cheguei da Bahia.
Irei Bahia.

a) Vou at farmcia.
b) Ela deu um presente sua melhor amiga.
c) Bento entregou a carta Maria.
d) Beatriz devolver o livro senhora.

EMPREGO DE H E A

7) Aponte a alternativa em que no ocorre o uso da crase:

Essas duas formas, em relao ao tempo, tm o seguinte uso:

H:
usado no sentido de tempo decorrido, (verbo haver).

a) Ele age as escondidas.

b) A mulher a qual me refiro minha professora.
c) Dia a dia, os problemas se tornam mais difceis.
d) Irei a Austrlia assim que puder.
8) Fui .......... cidade .......... dez horas para conhecer ..........
minhas primas.

No o vejo h trs semanas.

usado no sentido de tempo futuro, (preposio).

a) - s - as
b) a - s - as
c) - as - s
d) - s - s

Daqui a cinco dias, retornaremos ao trabalho.

9) Aponte a alternativa incorreta quanto ao uso da crase:

A:

EXERCCIOS
1) Fui .......... So Paulo negociar .......... poucas coisas que
ainda possuo.

a) Ele deve tomar o remdio gota a gota.

b) No conte o meu segredo ningum.
c) Junto porta, Roberto esperava ansioso.
d) Ele no voltar quele lugar.
10) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as
lacunas das oraes abaixo:

a) as
b) a as
c) a s
d) ao as
2) .......... poucos meses, papai referia-se .......... mame com
muito carinho.

Eu o conheci .......... muitos anos.

Voltarei .......... terra natal.
As crianas foram .......... casa.
Daqui .......... vinte dias iremos .......... Salvador.

a) A
b) H a
c) A a
d) H

a) h - a - - h - a
b) a - - - - a
c) - a - a - -
d) h - - a - a - a

3) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto ao uso do acento de

crase:

11) Ocorre o uso do acento de crase:

a) antes de artigo indefinido
b) antes de verbos
c) na indicao de horas
d) antes de substantivos masculinos

a) Vou a Paris no prximo ano.

b) Partirei s duas horas.
c) Gosto de comida a italiana.
d) Ele saiu s pressas.

12) O uso do acento de crase proibido:

4) Assinale a alternativa que preencha corretamente as lacunas das oraes abaixo:
Ele saiu .......... p.
Ele obedece .......... professora.
Pea .......... ela que venha me encontrar.
Vou visitar .......... terra dos meus tios.
a) a - - a -
b) - a - a -
c) - - - a
d) a - a - - a

a) nas locues que indiquem instrumento.

b) nas expresses moda de
c) na indicao de horas
d) antes de pronomes possessivos femininos.

1-B
7-C

60

2-D
8-A

RESPOSTAS
3-C
4-A
9-B
10 - D

5-B
11 - C

6-D
12 - A

Lngua Portuguesa
6) Assinale a alternativa que possua os substantivos composto, coletivo e abstrato, respectivamente:

EXERCCIOS FINAIS

1) Assinale a alternativa corretamente pontuada:

a) No gosto de alguns de seus amigos, ou melhor de
nhum deles.
b) No, gosto de alguns de seus amigos, ou melhor de
nhum deles.
c) No gosto de alguns, de seus amigos, ou melhor, de
nhum deles.
d) No gosto de alguns de seus amigos, ou melhor, de
nhum deles.
e) No, gosto de alguns, de seus amigos, ou melhor, de
nhum deles.

ne-

a) couve-flor, pedra, mar

b) p-de-moleque, amor, lua
c) batalho, peixe, sol
d) soldados, assembleia, tristeza
e) guarda-noturno, arsenal, beleza

nenenene-

2) As frases abaixo esto corretas quanto sua justificativa,

exceto:
a) O Diretor * * * (o asterisco substitui um nome que no se
quer mencionar)
b) 09/10/89 (a barra utilizada nas abreviaes de data)
c) Se a = { x 0 z* / / x / # 2} . . . (as chaves so muito empregadas em matemtica)
d) Dona Felicidade [ que muito gorda ] anda sempre doente. (os colchetes tm a mesma finalidade que o ponto-evrgula)
e) No deixe o stress tomar conta de voc. (as aspas so
usadas nas expresses estrangeiras).
3) Observe as frases:
I - O rapaz revoltado, comeou a agredir o colega.
II - Vocs vo escola; ns ao cinema.
III - Na confuso ningum se lembrou de entregar, os documentos.

7) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto ao gnero do substantivo:

a) o d
b) a cataplasma
c) o comicho
d) a derme
e) o eclipse
8) Aponte a alternativa que possua um epiceno, um sobrecomum e um comum de dois gneros, respectivamente:
a) aranha, cnjuge, paciente
b) leo, cliente, carrasco
c) indivduo, tubaro, diplomata
d) sardinha, dentista, defunto
e) cachorro, estudante, modelo
9) O plural est corretamente flexionado em:
a) coraozinhos, balos, cidados
b) guardies, guardas-sis, gro-priores
c) beijo-de-moas, ave-marias, abaixo-assinados
d) bel-prazeres, os ganha-pouco, frutas-pes
e) guardas-chuvas, p-de-moleques, frutas-pes
10) Assinale a alternativa em que o diminutivo expressa ideia
afetiva:

Verificamos que est (esto) corretamente pontuada( s):

a) No vou ler este livreco!
b) Mariana ganhou uma cartilha nova.
c) Joo sempre toma conta de seu irmozinho.
d) Fui multado por aquele guardinha.
e) No lerei este jornaleco.

a) apenas a I
b) apenas a II
c) apenas a III
d) apenas a I e II
e) apenas a II e III

11) O adjetivo correspondente a de acar :

4) Assinale a alternativa em que se usa a vrgula:
a) glacial
b) sacarino
c) lcteo
d) vesical
e) apcola

a) entre o nome e o adjunto adnominal

b) entre o sujeito e o predicado
c) entre uma enumerao de palavras
d) entre o verbo e seus complementos
e) entre o nome e o adjunto adnominal
5) Assinale a alternativa que preencha as lacunas da frase
abaixo:
..... Papai ..... por que ns temos que nos mudar para o interior ..... perguntou a menina.....
a) travesso, vrgula, ponto de interrogao, ponto
b) aspas, travesso, ponto de interrogao, aspas
c) travesso, vrgula, ponto de exclamao, ponto
d) travesso, vrgula, ponto, ponto
e) aspas, vrgula, ponto de interrogao, aspas

12) Aponte a alternativa que possua um adjetivo uniforme

e um adjetivo biforme respectivamente:
a) comum loquaz
b) ru - veloz
c) breve estudioso
d) so - plebeu
e) hipcrita - til
13) Assinale a alternativa correta quanto ao plural dos adjetivos compostos:

61

Lngua Portuguesa
a) blusas cor de laranja
b) calas verdes-garrafas
c) empresas lusas-brasileiras
d) raios ultravioletas
e) casacos marrons-cafs.

20) O homem ......................... mais admiro o meu pai.

14) Assinale a alternativa incorreta:

21) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto a abreviatura do

pronome de tratamento correspondente:

a) a quem
c) do qual
e) de quem

a) agudo acutssimo
b) ruim - pssimo
c) sbio sapientssimo
d) feio - fessimo
e) doce - doclimo

b) em que
d) com quem

a) Papa - V. S.
b) Cardeal - V. Em
c) Rei - V. Mag
d) Prncipe - V. A.
e) Sacerdote - V. Rev.ma

15) Assinale a alternativa correta quanto ao emprego do

artigo:
a) Agarrei as cordas com ambas as mos.
b) A Vossa Majestade muito estranha ...
c) O Urano um planeta.
d) O Fernando Henrique Cardoso presidente do Brasil.
e) A Sua Majestade est muito cansada.

22) Assinale a alternativa incorreta quanto colocao pronominal:

a) Fiquei observando a mulher que se dirigia portaria.
b) Ningum o viu desde ontem.
c) Procurar-me-iam se precisassem de dinheiro.
d) Me contaram que voc est desempregado.
e) Talvez a encontre na escola.

16) O ordinal octingentsimo trigsimo sexto equivale a:

23) Assinale a alternativa que contm somente verbos pronominais:

a) 8036
b) 806
c) 836
d) 86
e) 83

a) arrepender, prazer, querer, abster

b) dar, apiedar, odiar, aguar
c) lembrar, amar, nevar, dignar
d) atrever, arrepender, fazer, fizer
e) abster, dignar, lembrar, atrever

17) Assinale a alternativa incorreta:

24) Aponte a orao em que o verbo est na 2 pessoa do
plural:

a) sculo V - (quinto)
b) tomo III - (trs)
c) artigo XVI - (dezesseis)
d) Joo XXIII - (vinte e trs)
e) ato VII - (stimo)
18) Assinale a alternativa que preencha corretamente as
lacunas das frases abaixo:
I - Se tu vais a escola, irei ......................... .
II - Mandaram este comunicado para ...... ler.
III - Voc trouxe o caderno ......................... .
IV - No existe nada entre ..................... e ele.
a) com voc, mim, consigo, eu
b) contigo, mim, com voc, mim
c) contigo, eu, consigo, mim
d) consigo, eu, consigo, mim
e) com voc, eu, com voc, eu

a) Contai a vossa histria.

b) Conte a sua histria.
c) Conta a tua histria
d) Contem a sua histria.
e) Contemos a nossa histria.
25) A polcia ............... no caso e ................. o mistrio.
a) interviu resolveram
d) interviu - resolveu
b) interveio resolveu
e) interviu - resolveste
c) interveio - resolveste
26) Assinale a orao em que o verbo est incorretamente
empregado:

19) Assinale a alternativa que preencha adequadamente

a orao:
.............................. bola que est perto de voc minha,
....................... aqui do meu primo.
a) Aquela esta
b) Esta - esta
c) Essa essa
d) Essa - esta
e) Esta - aquela

a) Ele previu o acidente.

b) Pea-lhe que intervenha a meu favor.
c) Todos se dispuseram a colaborar.
d) Ainda que se prevesse o temporal, a enchente ocorreria.
e) Quando voc o vir, diga-lhe que aguardo sua resposta.
27) Assinale a alternativa incorreta:
a) O futuro do subjuntivo expressa um fato que vai acontecer
relacionado a outro fato futuro.

62

Lngua Portuguesa
b) O pretrito mais-que-perfeito expressa um fato anterior a
outro fato que tambm passado.
c) O pretrito imperfeito expressa um fato j concludo em
poca passada.
d) O presente do subjuntivo expressa um fato atual, exprimindo suposio, dvida, possibilidade.
e) O futuro do pretrito expressa um fato futuro, mas de forma hipottica em relao a um momento passado.
28) Assinale a alternativa que contm um advrbio de tempo
e de negao:
a) s vezes, no gosto de pensar no passado.
b) Atrs da porta ficava uma cadeira velha.
c) Maria andava apressadamente pelas ruas.
d) Agora s espero que voc volte logo.
e) Possivelmente iremos ao teatro noite.

c) a h
d) h - a
e) - h
34) Assinale o uso incorreto quanto ao uso do acento de
crase:
a) Chegarei casa de meus parentes daqui a uma semana.
b) Joo foi andar cavalo.
c) Gosto de arroz grega.
d) Assisto novela todas as noites.
e) noite, viajaremos tranquilos.
35) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as
lacunas das oraes abaixo:

29) Na orao Possivelmente, virei aqui amanh, temos

advrbio de:

I - Romrio fez um gol ............... Pel.

II - ............... sculos que no a vejo.
III - Muita gente veio ............... reunio.
IV - Fui assistir ............... um show de Caetano Veloso.

a) intensidade - tempo - lugar

b) dvida - lugar - tempo
c) modo - lugar - dvida
d) dvida - afirmao - negao
e) afirmao - dvida - lugar

a) a - h - a a
b) - - - a
c) a - h - a
d) a - a - h -
e) - h - - a

30) Nas oraes:

GABARITO
I - Vou a Curitiba no prximo ms.
II - Fernanda estuda noite.
III - Ele a trouxe de Paris.
IV - Ele beijou a minha mo rapidamente.

1-D
6-E
11 - B
16 - C
21 - C
26 - D
31 - B

temos, respectivamente:
a) preposio, pronome, preposio, artigo
b) artigo, pronome, preposio, pronome
c) pronome, artigo, pronome, preposio
d) preposio, preposio, pronome, artigo
e) artigo, pronome, pronome, artigo
31) As interjeies caramba! e bravo! indicam estado de:

2-D
7-C
12 - C
17 - B
22 - D
27 - C
32 - A

3-B
8-A
13 - A
18 - C
23 - E
28 - A
33 - C

4-C
9-D
14 - E
19 - D
24 - D
29 - B
34 - B

5-A
10 - C
15 - A
20 - A
25 - B
30 - D
35 - E

BIBLIOGRAFIA

a) desejo espanto
b) espanto - aplauso
c) aplauso dor
d) animao - advertncia
e) averso - alegria

Bechara, Evanildo.
Moderna Gramtica Portuguesa Rio de Janeiro: Lucerna,
2005.

32) ........ partir daquele momento, senti que ......... minha

preocupao no era necessria.

Cipro Neto, Pasquale.

Gramtica da lngua portuguesa / Pasquale & Ulisses - Nova
edio conforme o Acordo Ortogrfico - So Paulo: Scipione,
2008.

a) a a
b) - a
c) a
d) -
e) - h
33) Assisti ............... uma pea de teatro ............... cinco
dias atrs.
a) a
b) a -

Cegalla, Domingos Paschoal.

Novssima Gramtica da Lngua Portuguesa So Paulo:
Companhia Editora Nacional, 2002.
Paschoalin, Maria Aparecida.
Gramtica: teoria e exerccios / Paschoalin & Spadoto - So
Paulo: FTD, 1996.

63

Lngua Portuguesa
Infante, Ulisses.
Curso de Gramtica Aplicada aos textos So Paulo: Scipione,
1995.

_________________________________________________
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Barbosa de Souza, Jsus.

Minigramtica / Jsus & Samira - So Paulo: Saraiva, 1997.

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Terra, Ernani.
Minigramtica - So Paulo: Scipione, 1995.

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Andr, Hildebrando A. de.

Gramtica Ilustrada - So Paulo: Moderna, 1997.

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Cereja, William Roberto.

Texto e interao: uma proposta de produo textual
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_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Infante, Ulisses.
Textos: leituras e escritas: literatura, lngua e redao
- So Paulo: Scipione, 2000.

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Terra, Ernani
Portugus para o ensino mdio: lngua, literatura e produo
de textos: volume nico / Ernani Terra & Jos Nicola, Floriana
Toscano Cavallete. So Paulo: Scipione, 2002.

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Faraco & Moura

Lngua e Literatura / Carlos Emlio Faraco e Francisco Marto
Moura - 20. ed - So Paulo: tica, 2000.

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Sargentim, Hermnio
Redao - Coleo Horizontes - So Paulo: IBEP

_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

SITES PESQUISADOS

_________________________________________________

http://exercicios.brasilescola.com/gramatica/exercicios-sobrevozes-verbo.htm
http://www.linguacomtexto.com/download/vozes_verbais.htm

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_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

ANOTAES
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Caro Candidato,
Alguns erros de digitao podem ocorrer... Pensando nisso, colocamos ao lado de
cada resposta (de Direito) o texto legal
referente questo. Assim, em caso de
dvida quanto resposta, voc poder
conferir na apostila - de acordo com texto
legal indicado - qual a resposta correta (o
que vale o texto da lei - sempre!!!)

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Opes de logon e logoff

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ou mudar de usurio.
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Encerrando o windows xp
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o estado da rea de trabalho no disco rgido e depois desligar
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segurana.
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O uso da ajuda do windows xp

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Os acessrios do windows xp
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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Janelas
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Barra de Ttulo: HVWDEDUUDPRVWUDRQRPHGRDUTXLYR

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Os botes de controle da janela
Minimizar:HVWHERWmRRFXOWDDMDQHODGDUHDGHWUDEDOKR
HPDQWpPRERWmRUHIHUHQWHiMDQHODQD%DUUDGH7DUHIDV3DUD
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de tarefas.
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a janela ser restaurada ao tamanho original.
Fechar:(VWHERWmRIHFKDRDSOLFDWLYRTXHHVWiVHQGRH[HFXWDGRHVXDMDQHOD(VWDPHVPDRSomRSRGHUiVHUXWLOL]DGD
SHORPHQX$UTXLYR6DLU
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GDMDQHODQmRIRLVDOYRDQWHVGHIHFKDURDSOLFDWLYRR:LQGRZV
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Salvar
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temos que dar um nome para o mesmo e escolher uma pasta.
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sentena qualquer
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ser mostrada:

A janela Salvar Como QR:LQGRZV;3WUD]XPDEDUUDGH

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atalhos para locais em seu computador ou na rede como: A
pasta HistricoRX'RFXPHQWRV5HFHQWHVTXHPRVWUDDVXOWLPDVSDVWDHDUTXLYRVTXHIRUDPDFHVVDGRVDUHDGH7UDEDOKR
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a pasta Meus locais de Rede4XDQGRYRFrFOLFDUHPXP
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de pastas e esta j estar selecionada.
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Meu computador
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que YRFr WHP GHQWUR GR FRPSXWDGRU SRU H[HPSORV

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disco.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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DUTXLYRV
Exibir o contedo de uma pasta
Uma pasta utilizada para organizar os discos ou mdias.
3DUDDYLVXDOL]DURFRQWH~GRGHXPDSDVWDSURFHGDFRQIRUPH
a seguir:
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GHVHMDVHUH[LELGRH[HPSORGLVFR&VHUiDEHUWDXPDMDQHOD
FRPWtWXORFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDRUyWXORGDXQLGDGHGHGLVFRUtJLGR&1HVWDMDQHODDSDUHFHPDVSDVWDVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjV
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FRPR  XPD  MDQHOD FXMR WtWXOR p :LQGRZV PRVWUDQGR
WRGDVDVSDVWDVHtFRQHVGHDUTXLYRVH[LVWHQWHVQDSDVWD
:LQGRZV
Criar Novas Pastas
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VHUYHPSDUDRUJDQL]DURGLVFRUtJLGR3DUDFRQVHJXLUPRVHVWDRUJDQL]DomRpQHFHVViULRFULDUPRVPDLVSDVWDV
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1.

Abra a pasta ou unidade de disco que GHYHUi FRQWHU D

QRYDSDVWDTXHVHUiFULDGD
2. clique no menu Arquivo / Novo / Pasta.
 Aparecer na tela uma Nova Pasta selecionada para que
YRFrGLJLWHXPQRPH
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9HMDDJXUDDVHJXLU

Windows explorer
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Vemos a hierarquia das pastas em seu computador e todos

RV DUTXLYRV H SDVWDV ORFDOL]DGRV HP FDGD SDVWD VHOHFLRQDGD
(OHpHVSHFLDOPHQWH~WLOSDUDFRSLDUHPRYHUDUTXLYRV(OHp
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GH )HUUDPHQWDV 3DUD DEULU R :LQGRZV ([SORUHU FOLTXH QR
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 7

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outras partes do computador.
&OLFDQGR QR PHQX )HUUDPHQWDV H GHSRLV FOLFDQGR HP
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Lixeira do windows
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Esvaziando a lixeira
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Programas e acessrios do windows

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mais usadas e importantes.
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pessoas a trabalharem com um determinado programa do comSXWDGRU1HVWHPDQXDOFRPFHUWH]DYRFrDFUHVFHQWDULDDLPDJHP
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

8 = Noes de Informtica

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mas muitos usurios o consideram uma ferramenta simples
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em nossos desenhos.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso



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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 11

Restaurao do sistema
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Abra Vdeo no Painel de controle.

A soluo para seu concurso

1DJXLD7HPDVHP7HPDFOLTXHHPXPQRYRWHPD

Observaes: Para abrir Vdeo, clique em Iniciar, clique

em Painel de controle e, em seguida, clique duas vezes em Vdeo. Os temas afetam a aparncia geral da rea de trabalho,
incluindo o plano de fundo, proteo de tela, cones, janelas,
ponteiros do mouse e sons. Se mais de uma pessoa utilizar
um computador, cada uma com sua prpria conta de usurio,
elas podero escolher cada qual um tema diferente.
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sua rea de trabalho e outros elementos do Windows e salve
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tema. Os itens a seguir sero salvos como parte de um tema:
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*XLD

Item

Vdeo

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Vdeo

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cones (clique em Personalizar

rea de trabalho para alterar
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Vdeo

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3URWHomRGHWHOD

Vdeo

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programa

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um tema diferente.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

12 = Noes de Informtica

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tamanho de fonte.
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menus. Para obter informaes sobre como aumentar todos
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Observaes: Para abrir Vdeo, clique em Iniciar, clique
em Painel de controle e, em seguida, clique duas vezes em
Vdeo. Uma resoluo de tela mais alta reduz o tamanho dos

itens na tela e aumenta o espao relativo da rea de trabalho.

Voc pode alternar temporariamente a resoluo da tela para
640 X 480 se tiver jogos ou outros programas que estejam
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alternar para 640 X 480, clique com o boto direito do mouse
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e, em seguida, clique em Propriedades. Clique na guia CompaWLELOLGDGHHHPVHJXLGDPDUTXHDFDL[DGHVHOHomR([HFXWDU
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monitor ser restabelecida quando voc fechar o programa.
O seu monitor e adaptador de vdeo determinam at que ponto
voc pode alterar a resoluo da tela. Talvez no seja possvel
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A maioria dos programas contm dezenas ou at centenas
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barra de ttulo do programa.

A barra de ttulo no WordPad

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desaparecer.
Para desfazer uma ao
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Obtendo ajuda sobre um programa
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GH$MXGDLQWHUQRSDUDDTXHODVKRUDVHPTXHYRFrFDFRQIXVR
sobre como o programa funciona.
Para acessar o sistema de Ajuda de um programa:
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programa.
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Saindo de um programa
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 27

Instalando ou desinstalando programas

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lista Todos os Programas do menu Iniciar. Alguns programas
podem adicionar tambm um atalho na rea de trabalho
Uso de menus
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8.

Barra de Tarefas do Windows

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local familiar para alternar entre janelas. Mas agora ela est
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que economiza bastante tempo.
9.

6XSRUWHSDUDELWV

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tenha percebido que h um nmero maior de computadores
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trabalho.
 Novas maneiras de manipular janelas
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de trabalho.
 Novos papis de parede espetaculares
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personalizados.
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que desejar.
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alternar entre elas.
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basta clicar em sua miniatura.

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ajudar a corrigir problemas.
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Mostrar rea de trabalho.

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as janelas abertas e depois precisar restaur-las. Para mais
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Barra de tarefas reformulada

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Gadgets aprimorados

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:LQGRZV 9LVWD HVWmR PDLV H[tYHLV H GLYHUWLGRV &RP EDVH
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Dormir

2 :LQGRZV  IRL SURMHWDGR SDUD HQWUDU HP VXVSHQVmR

UHWRUQDUGHODHUHFRQHFWDUjUHGHVHPRPDLVUiSLGR


Pesquisar

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tambm muito mais rpido.
 Dispositivos USB
4XDQGR YRFr FRQHFWD XP SHQ GULYH RX XP RXWUR GLVSRVLWLYR86%SHODSULPHLUDYH]R:LQGRZVSRGHSUHSDUiOR
SDUDYRFrHPVHJXQGRV6HYRFrMiWLYHUXVDGRRGLVSRVLWLYR
a espera ainda menor.


Mais leve e menos ocupado

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GRTXHR:LQGRZV9LVWDRXWURDSHUIHLoRDPHQWRLQWHUQRTXH
pode melhorar o desempenho geral.
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Internet.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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Windows Touch

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apenas os seus dedos.
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com o dedo no Paint!
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abri-la.
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BLOCO CITAES E BIBLIOGRAFIA:

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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BLOCO NDICE DE AUTORIDADES:

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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MENU CORRESPONDNCIAS

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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BLOCO GRAVAR E INSERIR CAMPOS:

Realar campos de mesclagem

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SALVAR O DOCUMENTO PRINCIPAL

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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MENU REVISO:

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BLOCO COMENTRIOS:

Novo Comentrio: Adiciona um comentrio sobre a

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BLOCO CONTROLE:

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do Word
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2007
Compatibilidade
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VHUiQHFHVViULRGLJLWDUDIyUPXOD
3DUDID]HULVWRVyEDVWDTXHYRFrGLJLWHRHQGHUHoRLQLFLDO
HP GHVWDTXH H WDPEpP R HQGHUHoR QDO HP GHVWDTXH
'HVWDIRUPDYRFrHVWiVRPDQGRWRGRVRVYDORUHVQXPD~QLFD
IyUPXODpRTXHFKDPDPRVGH6RPDU0DWUL]HV
$FRPSDQKH PDLV XP H[HPSOR GH 6RPD 'HVWD YH] VH
GHVHMDU VRPDU Q~PHURV GLVSRVWRV GH PDQHLUD DOWHUQDGD RX
VHMDHPHQGHUHoRVGLIHUHQWHV

6H GHVHMDU VRPDU VRPHQWH RV YDORUHV GH iJXD HQWmR

EDVWD GLJLWDU R HQGHUHoR GH FDGD YDORU RX VHMD R HQGHUHoR
GRSULPHLURYDORUPDLVRHQGHUHoRGRVHJXQGRYDORUHDVVLP
VXFHVVLYDPHQWH
[ ] (subtrao):1RH[HPSORVHJXLQWHVHGHVHMDUVDEHU
TXDORVDOGROtTXLGRGR-RVp(QWmREDVWDGLJLWDURHQGHUHoRGR
6DOGR%UXWRHRHQGHUHoRGR'HVFRQWR
'HPDQHLUDPDLVFODUDTXHURGL]HUTXHSDUDUHDOL]DUXPD
VXEWUDomR QR ([FHO EDVWD GLJLWDU R HQGHUHoR GRV GHYLGRV
YDORUHV LQLFLDO H QDO DFRPSDQKDGR GR VLQDO GH VXEWUDomR
 FRPR GHPRQVWUDGR QR H[HPSOR VHJXLQWH 3DUD GHPDLV
IXQFLRQiULRVTXDQGRIRUGLJLWDGREDVWDFRSLDUDIyUPXOD

A soluo para seu concurso

>  @ PXOWLSOLFDomR $ PDQHLUD XVDGD SDUD VXEWUDLU p D

mesma para multiplicar. Ser preciso apenas trocar o sinal de
VXEWUDomRSHORVLQDOGHPXOWLSOLFDomR
Exemplo:
p

[ / ] diviso:$IyUPXODRFRUUHGDPHVPDPDQHLUDTXHDV
GXDVDQWHULRUHV6ySUHFLVDWURFDURVLQDOSDUDRGDGLYLVmR

[ % ] porcentagem: 2FiOFXORVHUHDOL]DGDPHVPDPDQHLUDFRPRQXPDPiTXLQDGHFDOFXODUDGLIHUHQoDpTXHYRFr
DGLFLRQDUiHQGHUHoRVQDIyUPXOD
3RUH[HPSOR8PFOLHQWHGHVXDORMDIH]XPDFRPSUDQR
YDORUGH5PDVYRFrGHVHMDGDUDHOHXPGHVFRQWR
GH  HP FLPD GR YDORU GD FRPSUD 9HMD FRPR FDULD D
IyUPXODQRFDPSR'HVFRQWR

2QGH
 %UHIHUHVHDRHQGHUHoRGRYDOor da compra.
 pRVLQDOGHPXOWLSOLFDomR
 pRYDORUGRGHVFRQWRGLYLGLGRSRU
2XVHMDR([FHOHVWiPXOWLSOLFDQGRRHQGHUHoRGRYDORUGD
FRPSUDSRUHGLYLGLQGRSRUSDUDJHUDURYDORUGRGHVFRQWR
7HQWHUHID]HURH[HPSORFRPRVVHJXLQWHVGDGRV
 %RHQGHUHoRGRYDORUGDFRPSUD
 RVLQDOGHPXOWLSOLFDomR
 RYDORUGDSRUFHQWDJHP
3DUD VDEHU R 9DORU D 3DJDU EDVWD VXEWUDLU GR 9DORU GD
&RPSUDR9DORUGR'HVFRQWRFRPRPRVWUDRH[HPSOR
&RQWLQXDQGRSULQFLSDLVIXQo}HVGR([FHO
0;,02 0RVWUD R YDORU Pi[LPR GH XPD IDL[D GH
FpOXODV([HPSOR6XSRQKDPRVTXHVHMDSUHFLVRVDEHUTXDOD
maior idade de crianas em uma tabela de dados:

2QGH$$UHIHUHQFLDRHQGHUHoRGRVYDORUHVRQGHVH

GHVHMDYHUTXDOpRPDLRUYDORU1RFDVRDUHVSRVWDVHULD)DoD
FRPRRH[HPSORWURFDQGRDSHQDVRHQGHUHoRGDVFpOXODV
01,020RVWUDRYDORUPtQLPRGHXPDIDL[DGHFpOXODV
([HPSOR6XSRQKDPRVTXHVHGHVHMDVDEHURVSHVRVHDVLGDdes de crianas em uma tabela de dados:

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

 1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD

0e',$&DOFXODDPpGLDGHXPDIDL[DGHYDORUHV([HPplo: Suponhamos que se deseja saber qual a mdia de idade na

tabela de dados seguinte:

+2-( (VWD IXQomR LQVHUH D GDWD DXWRPiWLFD HP XPD

planilha:

(VWDIXQomRpGLJLWDGDSUHFLVDPHQWHFRPRHVWi6ySUHFLVD
FRORFDURFXUVRUQRORFDORQGHGHVHMDTXHTXHDGDWDHGLJLWDU
 +2-((QWmRR([FHOFRORFDUiDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHDGDWD
do sistema.
6(5HWRUQDXPYDORUVHXPDFRQGLomRHVSHFtFDDYDOLDU
FRPR9(5'$'(,52HXPRXWURYDORUVHIRUDYDOLDGRFRPR
)$/62(QWmRFRP6(pSRVVtYHOFRQGX]LUWHVWHVFRQGLFLRQDLV VREUH YDORUHV H IyUPXODV $ IRUPD VLQWD[H SDUD HVWD
IXQomRp
SE ( teste_lgico ; valor_se_verdadeiro ; valor_se_falso )


onde:
7HVWHBOyJLFRpTXDOTXHUYDORURXH[SUHVVmRTXHSRVVDser
DYDOLDGRFRPR9(5'$'(,52RX)$/623RUH[HPSOR
$  p XPD H[SUHVVmR OyJLFD VH R YDORU GD FpOXOD
$IRULJXDODDH[SUHVVmRVHUiFRQVLGHUDGD9(5'$'(,52&DVRFRQWUiULRDH[SUHVVmRVHUiFRQVLGHUDGD
)$/62(VVHDUJXPHQWRSRGHXVDUTXDOTXHURSHUDGRUGH
FiOFXORGHFRPSDUDomR

9DORUBVHBYHUGDGHLUR p R YDORU UHWRUQDGR VH WHVWHBOyJLFR

IRU9(5'$'(,523RUH[HPSORVHHVVHDUJXPHQWRIRU
DVHTrQFLDGHFDUDFWHUHVGHWH[WR'HQWURGRRUoDPHQWR
HRDUJXPHQWRWHVWHBOyJLFRIRUFRQVLGHUDGR9(5'$'(,52DIXQomR6(H[LELUiRWH[WR'HQWURGRRUoDPHQWR
6HWHVWHBOyJLFRIRU9(5'$'(,52HYDORUBVHBYHUGDGHLURIRUYD]LRRDUJXPHQWRUHWRUQDUi]HUR3DUDH[LELUD
SDODYUD9(5'$'(,52XVHRYDORUOyJLFR9(5'$'(,52 SDUD HVVH DUJXPHQWR 9DORUBVHBYHUGDGHLUR SRGH VHU
TXDOTXHURXWUDIyUPXOD

9DORUBVHBIDOVRpRYDORUUHWRUQDGRVHWHVWHBOyJLFRIRU)$/62 3RU H[HPSOR VH HVVH DUJXPHQWR IRU D VHTrQFLD GH

FDUDFWHUHV GH WH[WR $FLPD GR RUoDPHQWR H R DUJXPHQWR
WHVWHBOyJLFRIRUFRQVLGHUDGR)$/62DIXQomR6(H[LELUiR
WH[WR$FLPDGRRUoDPHQWR6HWHVWHBOyJLFRIRU)$/62H
YDORUBVHBIDOVRIRURPLWLGRRXVHMDVHQmRKRXYHUYtUJXOD
DSyVYDORUBVHBYHUGDGHLURRYDORUOyJLFR)$/62VHUiUHWRUQDGR6HWHVWHBOyJLFRIRU)$/62HYDORUBVHBIDOVRIRUYD]LR
RX VHMD VH KRXYHU XPD YtUJXOD DSyV YDORUBVHBYHUGDGHLUR
VHJXLGDGRSDUrQWHVHVGHIHFKDPHQWRRYDORU]HURVHUi
UHWRUQDGR9DORUBVHBIDOVRSRGHVHUTXDOTXHURXWUDIyUPXOD

Exemplo prtico: seja criar um controle de notas de aluQRVRQGHR([FHOGHYHHVSHFLFDUDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHVHRVDOXQRV

HVWmR DSURYDGRV RX QmR FRQIRUPH D PpGLD GH FDGD DOXQR HP
UHODomRjPpGLDGHDSURYDomRTXHpeQHFHVViULRID]HU
PrimeiroPRQWDUDSODQLOKDGLJLWDQGRRVGDGRV

Segundo: GLJLWDUDIyUPXOD

Terceiro:FRSLDUDIyUPXOD$FySLDFD





HP&6(%! $SURYDGR5HSURYDGR

HP&6(%! $SURYDGR5HSURYDGR
HP&6(%! $SURYDGR5HSURYDGR4XDQGRR
([FHOID]DOHLWXUDGDGLJLWDomR
=SE(B2>=7; "Aprovado"; "Reprovado")







entendido mais ou menos assim:

[ = ]: ,QLFLDFRPpLJXDODHQWmRpXPDIyUPXOD
[ SE () ]: SDUrQWHVHV VmR D SULRULGDGH RX VHMD DQWHV GH
TXDOTXHURXWUDFRLVDIDoDR6(
[ B2 >=7 ]DFRQGLomRHVSHFLFDGDSHORXVXiULRRXVHMD
VHRFRQWH~GRGDFpOXOD%IRUPDLRURXLJXDODXVDUR
YDORU9HUGDGHLURFDVRFRQWUiULRXVDURYDORU)DOVR
[; "Aprovado" ]WH[WRDUHWRUQDUVHDFRQGLomRHVSHFLFDGDIRUYHUGDGHLUD
[; "Reprovado" ]WH[WRDUHWRUQDUVHDFRQGLomRHVSHFLFDGDIRUIDOVD

&RQFOXLQGR VH R YDORU GLJLWDGR QR FDPSR 0pGLD IRU

PDLRURXLJXDODR([FHOGHYHFRORFDUQRFDPSR&RQGLomR
R WH[WR $SURYDGR FDVR FRQWUiULR FRORFDU 5HSURYDGR 6LJD
HVWDVLQWD[HVXEVWLWXLQGRVRPHQWHRHQGHUHoRDFRQGLomRDV
UHVSRVWDVSDUDYHUGDGHLURHSDUDIDOVR
Importantssimo: 1mR SRGHPRV HVTXHFHU TXH WRGD IyUPXODVHPSUHLQLFLDFRP HTXHWRGDIXQomRpHVSHFLFDGD
GHQWURGHSDUrQWHVHVSUHFHGLGRVSHORQRPHGDIXQomR> 6(@
Exemplo prtico de "SE" com mais de uma condio: seja
HVFUHYHUQDPHVPDSODQLOKDRDSURYHLWDPHQWRGRDOXQRTXDQWR
jPpGLDFRORFDQGRWLPRTXDQGRDPpGLDIRUPDLRURXLJXDO
D%RPSDUDPpGLDPDLRURXLJXDOD5HJXODUSDUDPpGLD
PDLRURXLJXDODH,QVXFLHQWHSDUDPpGLDPHQRUTXH
9HMDDIyUPXOD

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD 

$SyVFRSLDUDIyUPXODSDUDRVGHPDLVFDPSRVGHYHUiVHU
apresentado o seguinte:

2QGH
 >%@pRHQGHUHoRGDPpGLD
 >%! @DFRQGLomRSDUDyWLPR
 >WLPR@DUHVSRVWDVHDFRQGLomRHVSHFLFDGDIRU
 YHUGDGHLUD
$VGHPDLVWrPRPHVPRVHQWLGRVyPXGDPDVFRQGLo}HVH
DVUHVSRVWDV6ySUHFLVDLUGLJLWDQGRXP6(GHQWURGHRXWUR
6(1HVWHFDVRGLJLWDPRVHPYDORUBVHBIDOVRDVGHPDLV
condies.
/HPEUDUVHPSUHGDVLQWD[H
6(WHVWHBOyJLFRYDORUBVHBYHUGDGHLURYDORUBVHBIDOVR
8PGHWDOKHLPSRUWDQWHDRGLJLWDUDIyUPXODQRWHTXHR
([FHOGHPRQVWUDFDGDGXSODGHSDUrQWHVHVHPFRUHVGLIHUHQWHV,VWRIDFLOLWDQmRHVTXHFHUSDUrQWHVHVDEHUWRV
Exemplo prtico do "SE" onde a resposta um clculo: seja uma certa planilha de pagamento para calcular o
imposto de renda retido na fonte (IRRF) dos funcionrios de
XPD HPSUHVD FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH D DOtTXRWD GHVVH LPSRVWR p
GH  VREUH R VDOiULR EUXWR PDLRU TXH 5  H TXH RV
VDOiULRVDWp5VmRLVHQWRVGH,55)/RJRVHUi

DRGLJLWDUDIyUPXODH

DRFRSLDUDIyUPXODSDUDRVGHPDLVIXQFLRQiULRV
2QGH
 &>*@FpOXODRQGHHVWiR6DOiULR%UXWR
 &>*!@pDFRQGLomRSDUDTXHVHMDIHLWRRFiOFXOR
 &>* @pDUHVSRVWDVHIRUYHUGDGHLUDRXVHMDVH
QRHQGHUHoR*FRQWLYHUXPYDORUPDLRUTXHHQWmR
R([FHOPXOWLSOLFDUiRYDORUGR6DOiULR%UXWR*SRU
WD[D,55)
 &>]HUR@pDUHVSRVWDVHIRUIDOVRRXVHMDFDVRQR
HQGHUHoR*QmRWHQKDXPYDORUPDLRUTXHHQWmR
QmRKDYHUiFiOFXORR([FHOFRORFDUi]HUR
/HPEUDUVHPSUHGDVLQWD[H
6(WHVWHBOyJLFRYDORUBVHBYHUGDGHLURYDORUBVHBIDOVR
( (VWD IXQomR UHWRUQDUi 9(5'$'(,52 VH WRGRV RV
DUJXPHQWRVIRUHPYHUGDGHLURVRXUHWRUQDUi)$/62VHXPRX
mais argumentos forem falsos.

A soluo para seu concurso

6LQWD[HE (teste_lgico1; teste_lgico2;...)

Exemplo prtico:VHMDXPDFRPSHWLomRHPTXHVRPHQWH
DOXQRVPDLRUHVGHDQRVHDOWXUDVXSHULRURXLJXDODP
SRVVDP SDUWLFLSDU 1HVWH FDVR SDUD GHVHQYROYHU D SODQLOKD
SRGHPRVXVDUDIXQomR6(HDIXQomR(
Uma questo lgica: 3DUDSDUWLFLSDURDOXQRGHYHUSRVVXLUDLGDGHPDLRUTXHHDOWXUDPDLRURXLJXDOP$V
GXDVFRQGLo}HVGHYHPVHUYHUGDGHLUDVFDVRXPDVHMDIDOVD
HOHQmRSDUWLFLSDUi9HMD

$RGLJLWDUDIyUPXOD








ao copiar a frmula
2QGH
&>%@pRHQGHUHoRda idade.
&>%!@pDFRQGLomRRXVHMDVHDLGDGHIRUPDLRU
TXH
&>&@pRHQGHUHoRGDDOWXUD
& > & !  @ p D FRQGLomR RX VHMD VH D DOWXUD IRU
PDLRURXLJXDOD
&>&RPSHWLUi@pDUHVSRVWDFDVRDVGXDVFRQGLo}HV
VHMDPYHUGDGHLUDV
&>1mR&RPSHWLUi@pUHVSRVWDFDVRXPDRXDVGXDV
UHVSRVWDVQmRVHMDPYHUGDGHLUDV

6LJD D VLQWD[H SDUD RV RXWURV H[HPSORV VXEVWLWXLQGR

DSHQDVRVHQGHUHoRVDVFRQGLo}HVHDVUHVSRVWDVRUHVWRGHYH
ser seguido como est.
285HWRUQD9(5'$'(,52VHTXDOTXHUDUJXPHQWRIRU
9(5'$'(,52 UHWRUQD )$/62 VH WRGRV RV DUJXPHQWRV
IRUHP)$/626
6LQWD[HOU (teste_lgico1; teste_lgico2;...)
8VDQGRRVGDGRVGRH[HPSORDFLPDWHUHPRV

DRGLJLWDUDIyUPXOD

ao copiar a frmula.
&2176(&DOFXODRQ~PHURGHFpOXODVQmRYD]LDVHPXP
LQWHUYDORTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDGHWHUPLQDGRVFULWpULRV
6LQWD[HCONT.SE (intervalo; critrios)

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

 1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD

Exemplo prtico: seja uma planilha com nomes de alunos

e suas mdias. Para saber quantos alunos tiraram mdias maior
HLJXDODWHPRV

ao digitar a frmula.

ao pressionar Enter.
2QGH
 >%%@UHIHUHVHDRHQGHUHoRGDVFpOXODVRQGHYRFr
desejar contar.
 &>@XWLOL]DVHFRPRSDUWHGDVLQWD[HSDUDVHSDUDU
 & > !  @ UHIHUHVH j FRQGLomR RX VHMD HVWD IyUPXOD
Vy LUi FRQWDU DV FpOXODV TXH FRQWrP YDORUHV PDLRUHV RX
LJXDLVD
6LJDDVLQWD[HVXEVWLWXLQGRDSHQDVRVHQGHUHoRVHDFRQGLomRSDUDFRQWDU'HSRLVGDVDVSDVYRFrGLJLWDDFRQGLomR
7DPEpPSRGHVHUWH[WRLQGHSHQGHQWHGHWH[WRRXYDORU
GHYHVH FRORFDU HQWUH DV DVSDV ([ &217 6( & &
$SURYDGR 1HVWH H[HPSOR R ([FHO FRQWDUi DSHQDV DV
FpOXODVHPTXHKRXYHUDSDODYUD$SURYDGR
&217$59$=,2&RQWDRQ~PHURGHFpOXODVYD]LDVQR
LQWHUYDORHVSHFLFDGR
6LQWD[HCONTAR.VAZIO (intervalo)
Exemplo prtico:VHMDVDEHUTXDQWRVDOXQRVHVWmRVHPD
mdia na seguinte planilha:

ao digitar a frmula.

ao pressionar Enter:



2QGH
&217$59$=,2pRQRPHGDIyrmula.
%%UHIHUHVHDRHQGHUHoRGDVFpOXODV

620$6( $GLFLRQD DV FpOXODV HVSHFLFDGDV SRU XP

determinado critrio.

6LQWD[H
SOMASE (intervalo; critrios; intervalo_soma)
Exemplo prtico: seja somar as faturas que foram pagas.
(QWmRQDSODQLOKDDFROXQD$WHPRVQRPHVGRVFOLHQWHVDFROXQD%WHPRVYDORUHVGDVIDWXUDVHQDFROXQD&DVVLWXDo}HV
SDJRRXQmR1HVWHH[HPSORR([FHOGHYHVRPDUVRPHQWH
DVIDWXUDVTXHHVWLYHUHPSDJDVDVVLPSRGHPRVVDEHURTXDQWR
j foi recebido:

2QGH
 &>&&@pRHQGHUHoRLQLFLDOHQDOde clulas onde
IRLRXQmRGLJLWDGRRWH[WR3*HVSHFLFDQGRVHIRL
SDJRRXQmR
 &>3*@pRFULWpULRSDUDVRPDURXVHMDVyVRPDUiVH
QHVWHLQWHUYDORGHFpOXODVGH&DWp&HRQGHKRXYHURWH[WR3*2FULWpULRGHYHUiVHPSUHVHUFRORFDGR
entre aspas.
 &>%%@pRLQWHUYDORGHFpOXODVRQGHVHUiVRPDGR
PHGLDQWHDFRQGLomRRXVHMDHOHVRPDUiVRPHQWHDTXHOHV
YDORUHVTXHQDFROXQD&KRXYHUGLJLWDGRRWH[WR3*
352&9/RFDOL]DXPYDORUQDSULPHLUDFROXQDjHVTXHUGD
GHXPDWDEHODPDWUL]HUHWRUQDXPYDORUQDPHVPDOLQKDGH
XPD FROXQD HVSHFLFDGD QD WDEHOD 2 9 HP 352&9
VLJQLFD9HUWLFDO
6LQWD[H
PROCV (valor_procurado; matriz_tabela;
nm_ndice_coluna; procurar_intervalo)
([HPSORSUiWLFRVHMDXPDSODQLOKDSDUDFRQWURODUDHQWUDGDHDVDtGDGHFOLHQWHVHPXPKRWHOFRQWHQGRRVVHJXLQWHV
FDPSRV 1RPH (QWUDGD 6DtGD &ODVVH H 9DORU GD &ODVVH
$R GLJLWDU R QRPH GD &ODVVH R ([FHO GHYH DSUHVHQWDU DXWRPDWLFDPHQWHRYDORUGHVVD&ODVVH(QWmRVHUiQHFHVViULR
GHVHQYROYHUDSODQLOKDHPGXDVSDUWHV$SULPHLUDFKDPDGD
GH7DEHOD0DWUL]WHUiDGLJLWDomRGDV&ODVVHVFRPRVUHVSHFWLYRVYDORUHV$VHJXQGDSDUWHWHUiRVYDORUHVGDVGLiULDV
FRQIRUPH7LSR&ODVVHGR+yVSHGH9HMD

ao digitar a frmula.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD 

ao copiar a frmula.
2QGH
 >%@UHIHUHVHDRHQGHUHoRGRYDORUSURFXUDGRRXVHMD
RWLSRGDFODVVHTXHYRFrGLJLWRX
 >$%@UHIHUHVHDRHQGHUHoRDEVROXWRGD0DWUL]
7DEHODRXVHMDRHQGHUHoRGDWDEHODRQGHFRQWpPRVGDGRV
TXHYRFrSURFXUDQRFDVRRYDORUGDVFODVVHV2HQGHUHoRGD
WDEHODPDWUL]VHPSUHGHYHVHUDEVROXWRSDUDTXHSHUPDQHoD
SDUDDVGHPDLVFpOXODVRXVHMDRVFOLHQWHV
 >@UHIHUHVHDRQ~PHURGRtQGLFHGHFROXQDRXVHMDR
Q~PHURGDFROXQDRQGHHVWmRRVGDGRVTXHYRFrGHVHMD
TXHDSDUHoDQRFDVRRYDORUGDFODVVH
Observao: 2VGDGRVGD7DEHOD0DWUL]GHYHPHVWDUHP
RUGHPFUHVFHQWH3DUDID]HULVVRVHOHFLRQHRVGDGRVHFOLTXH
QRERWmR
para ordenar os dados.
0HOKRUDQGRRH[HPSORFRPYD]LR>@eGHVHMiYHOTXH
DUHVSRVWDVHMDDSUHVHQWDGDVRPHQWHVHRFDPSR+yVSHGHIRU
SUHHQFKLGR8WLOL]DQGRDIXQomR6(WHPRV
=SE (B9=""; ""; PROCV (B9; $A$2: $B$6; 2)). 2X
VHMDVHDFpOXOD%HVWLYHUYD]LDQmRIDoDQDGDFDVRFRQWUiULR
H[HFXWH352&9
FUNES FINANCEIRAS

VF&DOFXODRYDORUIXWXURGHXPLQYHVWLPHQWR
6LQWD[H
=VF (JUROS; PARCELAS;
VALOR DA PARCELA INICIAL).
2QGH
 -85267D[DGH-XURV)L[D
 3$5&(/$61~PHUR7RWDOGH3DUFHODV
 9$/25'$3$5&(/$,1,&,$/9DORUGD3DUFHOD
([HPSOR SUiWLFR VHMD FRPSUDU XPD %LFLFOHWD HP 
SUHVWDo}HVFRPMXURVGHDRPrV2YHQGHGRUGLVVHTXHD
SDUFHODLQLFLDOHUDGH54XDQWRVHUiRWRWDODSUD]R"
23UHoRj9LVWDGD%LFLFOHWDpGH5
> 9)@UHWRUQD5HQWUHSDUrQWHVHVHQDFRUYHUPHOKDTXHpRWRWDODSUD]RGHVWHSURGXWR
Observao: 4XDQGR XWLOL]DPRV IXQo}HV QDQFHLUDV
FRPR 9) 93 7$;$H 13(5DUHVSRVWDYHP
HQWUHSDUrQWHVHVHQDFRU9(50(/+$,VWRVLJQLFDTXHR
Q~PHURpQHJDWLYR3RUWDQWRGHYHPRVWUDQVIRUPDUHVWHQ~PHURHPSRVLWLYRXVDQGRDIXQomRVHJXLQWH
ABS 5HWRUQD R YDORU DEVROXWR GH XP Q~PHUR 2X VH
SUHIHULUUHWLUDRVLQDOQHJDWLYRGHTXDOTXHUQ~PHUR
6LQWD[H
=ABS (NMERO OU EXPRESSO)

A soluo para seu concurso

Portanto a resposta do problema anterior seria:

$%69)5HWRUQD5TXHpR
total a prazo deste produto.
2PHVPRSURFHGLPHQWRGHYHVHUDSOLFDGRSDUDDVRXWUDV
funes citadas acima.
VP&DOFXODRYDORUSUHVHQWHGHXPLQYHVWLPHQWR
6LQWD[H
=VP (juros; parcelas; valor da parcela atual)
 -XURV7D[DGH-XURV)L[D
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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MENU DADOS

BLOCO OBTER DADOS EXTERNOS:

BLOCO CONEXES:

BLOCO CLASSIFICAR E FILTRAR

BLOCO FERRAMENTAS DE DADOS

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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BLOCO ESTRUTURA DE TPICOS

Desagrupar (Shift + Alt + Seta para esquerda)

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BLOCO ALTERAES

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ser alteradas.
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MENU REVISO:

MENU EXIBIO:

BLOCO MODOS DE EXIBIO

DE PASTA DE TRABALHO

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objetos no documento.
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BLOCO JANELA

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documento atual.
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ser restaurado mais tarde.
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Alterar Janelas: Passar para outra janela aberta no momento.

BLOCO MACROS

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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ou para acessar outras opes de macro.
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FERRAMENTAS CONTEXTUAIS

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1. Selecione um item em seu documento.

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BOTO DO MICROSOFT OFFICE

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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BARRA DE FERRAMENTAS DE ACESSO RPIDO

A Barra de Ferramentas de Acesso Rpido se encontra por

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INICIALIZADORES DE CAIXA DE DILOGO

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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ANOTAES

A soluo para seu concurso

BANCO DE DADOS - ACCESS

NOES BSICAS
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo

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pXPH[HPSORGHEDQFRGHGDGRVQHODSHUFHEHPRVTXHWRGRV
RV GDGRV UHIHUHQWHV D XPD SHVVRD HVWmR QD PHVPD OLQKD D
isso chamamos registros.
2WLSRRXFDWHJRULDGDLQIRUPDomRQRPHWHOHIRQHHWF
VREUHXPDSHVVRDHVWiVHSDUDGDHPFROXQDVDVTXDLVFKDPDmos campos.
Um Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados Relacionais (SGBDR) usado para armazenar as informaes de
XPDIRUPDTXHSHUPLWDjVSHVVRDVH[DPLQiODVGHGLYHUVDV
PDQHLUDV 1R 'EDVH&OLSSHU EDQFR GH GDGRV VLJQLFD XP
DUTXLYRTXHFRQWpPDHVWUXWXUDGHGDGRVFDPSRVHRVGDGRV
$UTXLYRSDGUmR'%)3DUDRSDGUmR0'%$FFHVVHVWH
FRQMXQWRGHGDGRVHVXDHVWUXWXUDVmRGHQRPLQDGRVGH7DEHOD3RUWDQWRDTXLORTXHR'EDVH&OLSSHUFRQVLGHUDXPEDQFR
de dados o Access considera como uma Tabela.
3RGHPRVHQWmRGHQLUWDEHODFRPRXPFRQMXQWRGHGDGRV
GLVSRVWRV HP IRUPD GH OLQKDV H FROXQDV &RPR H[HPSOR
YHMDPRVDWDEHODGHHQGHUHoRVVHJXLQWH
NOME

ENDEREO

TELEFONE

*DOYH]*RQoDOYHV

5XDGH&LPD



:DOWHU*DEULHO

5XDGH%DL[R



0DULDGD*UDoD

5XDGR/DGR



$V OLQKDV GD WDEHOD VmR RV registros QRPH HQGHUHoR

WHOHIRQHHDVFROXQDVVmRRVcampos.
$LQWHUVHFomRGHXPDOLQKDHXPDFROXQDGHQHXPDWULEXWRUHSUHVHQWDQGRXPYDORUGRcampo.
3DUDDWDEHODUHSUHVHQWDGDDFLPDDLQWHUVHFomRGDVHJXQGD
OLQKDHDFROXQDQRPHGHQHRYDORUGRFDPSRNOME como:
*DOYH]*RQoDOYHV
3DUD R $FFHVV GD 0LFURVRIW SRU H[HPSOR WRGRV RV
FRPSRQHQWHV GR VLVWHPD HVWmR HP XP ~QLFR DUTXLYR FRP
H[WHQVmR0'%(VWHSDFRWHpFRQVLGHUDGRFRPREDQFRGH
GDGRVRTXDOpRFRQMXQWRGDVWDEHODVQHOHFRQWLGDV
%$1&2 '( '$'26 5(/$&,21$/ 8P %DQFR GH
'DGRV5HODFLRQDOpFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUVHURUJDQL]DGRHPWDEHODVGHGDGRVLVWRpRVGDGRVVmRDUPD]HQDGRVHPWDEHODV
(VVDVWDEHODVVmRUHODFLRQDGDVXPDVjVRXWUDVDWUDYpVGHXP
ou mais campos.
3DUD HQWHQGHU PHOKRU YDPRV VXSRU FRPR H[HPSOR XP
VLVWHPDGHFRQWUROHGHHVWRTXHVRQGHXPDWDEHODFRQWHQGR
GDGRVVREUHDUHODomRGHSURGXWRVH[LVWHQWHVHPHVWRTXHXPD
outra tabela contm dados sobre as categorias de produtos; e
SRUPXPDWHUFHLUDWDEHODTXHSRVVXLLQIRUPDo}HVVREUHR
fabricante dos produtos.
$VWDEHODVSRVVXHPDVHJXLQWHHVWUXWXUDYDULDQGRGHFDVR
para caso:
1RPHGR&DPSR

Tipo de
&DPSR

7DPDQKR
GR&DPSR

&yGLJRGR3URGXWR

&DUiWHU



'HVFULomR

&DUiWHU



&yGLJRGR)RUQHFHGRU

1XPpULFR



&yGLJRGR)RUQHFHGRU

1XPpULFR



)RUQHFHGRU

&DUiWHU



(QGHUHoR

&DUiWHU



&LGDGH

&DUiWHU



(VWDGR

&DUiWHU



7HOHIRQH

&DUiWHU



/RJRTXDQGRDEULPRVXPDUTXLYR0'%WHPRVDFHVVRD
WRGRVRVFRPSRQHQWHVGRVLVWHPDWDEHODVFRQVXOWDVPDFURV
UHODWyULRV HWF $ HVVHV FRPSRQHQWHV FKDPDPRV REMHWRV GR
VLVWHPDHHPUHVXPRSRGHPRVGHVFUHYrORVDVHJXLU
Caractersticas dos Mdulos do Access:
TABELAS

2QGHDUPD]HQDPRVDVLQIRUPDo}HVTXH
TXHUHPRVWUDWDU

CONSULTAS

)LOWUDPDVLQIRUPDo}HVGDVWDEHODVH
SHUPLWHPVXDYLVXDOL]DomR*HUDOPHQWH
VmRFRPDQGRV64/

FORMULRIOS

RELATRIOS

6mRMDQHODVGHVWLQDGDVjHGLomRH
YLVXDOL]DomRGRVGDGRV
2UJDQL]DPRVGDGRVGHWDEHODVH
FRQVXOWDVGHXPDPDQHLUDTXHSRVVDP
VHULPSUHVVRV

MACROS

5RWLQDVTXHDXWRPDWL]DPWDUHIDVHP
QHFHVVLGDGHGHSURJUDPDomR8WLOL]DGDVQR
$FFHVV

MDULOS

$UPD]HQDPLQVWUXo}HVHFRPDQGRVGD
OLQJXDJHP$FFHVV%DVLF9%$HSHUPLWHP
PHOKRUDUHH[SDQGLURVUHFXUVRVGRVLVWHPD

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo

A soluo para seu concurso

1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD 

Como vimos, um Banco de Dados pXPDFROHomRGHLQIRUPDo}HVUHODFLRQDGDDXPGHWHUPLQDGRWySLFRRXSURSyVLWR

(VWHWySLFRSRGHVHUWDQWRXPFRQWUROHGHFDUURVHVWDFLRQDGRV
quanto o controle de saldo de contas correntes de um banco
QDQFHLUR2VHJUHGRSDUDDUPD]HQDUHUHFXSHUDUVHXVGDGRV
GHIRUPDHFLHQWHpRSURFHVVRGHSODQHMDPHQWR,GHQWLFDQGR
SULPHLURRTXHREDQFRGHGDGRVGHYHID]HUSDUDYRFrpSRVVtYHOFULDUXPSURMHWRSUiWLFRTXHUHVXOWDUiHPXPDIHUUDPHQWD
de gerenciamento de dados mais rpida e precisa.
$OJXQV ([HPSORV GH *HUHQFLDGRUHV GH %DQFR GH 'DGRV
H[LVWHQWHV2V*HUHQFLDGRUHVGH%DQFRGH'DGRVVmRSURJUDPDV
GHXVRHVSHFtFRSDUDRFRQWUROHHJHUHQFLDPHQWRGHGDGRV
&RPR QRV GHPDLV 6RIWZDUH $SOLFDWLYRV HQFRQWUDPRV
WDPEpP QR *HUHQFLDGRU GH %DQFR GH 'DGRV GLYHUVRV SURGXWRV GRV TXDLV GHVWDFDPRV 2UDFOH $FFHVV =,0 'EDVH
&OLSSHUMiHPGHVXVR3URJUHVV64/6(59(5
3ODQHMDQGRXP1RYR%DQFRGH'DGRV
Quando voc cria seu prprio banco de dados, primeiro voc dever realizar um planejamento que ir
LGHQWLFDU SDUD TXH VHUYLUi R EDQFR GH GDGRV H TXDLV
informaes voc precisa controlar.
$QWHVGHFRQVWUXLUVHXSUySULREDQFRGHGDGRVQR0LFURVRIW$FFHVVFRQVLGHUHDVVHJXLQWHVSHUJXQWDV
Quais informaes eu quero obter do meu banco de daGRV"
4XDLVVmRDViUHDVGHDVVXQWRGDVTXDLVHXSUHFLVRDUPD]HQDUIDWRV"
&RPRHVVHVDVVXQWRVVmRUHODFLRQDGRVHQWUHVL"
4XDLVIDWRVHXSUHFLVRDUPD]HQDUVREUHFDGDDVVXQWR"
Microsoft Access DMXGD YRFr D JHUHQFLDU VHX EDQFR GH
GDGRVIRUQHFHQGRXPDHVWUXWXUDHFLHQWHSDUDDUPD]HQDUH
UHFXSHUDULQIRUPDo}HV2OXJDURQGHYRFrUH~QHDVLQIRUPDo}HV VREUH FDGD DVVXQWR D VHU FRQWURODGR FKDPDVH WDEHOD
e cada categoria de fatos coletados em sua tabela chama-se
FDPSR20LFURVRIW$FFHVVSRGHSURGX]LUDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
XP IRUPXOiULR SDUD YRFr SUHHQFKHU FRP WRGRV RV GDGRV
'HSRLVGHLQVHULUDOJXQVGDGRVYRFrSRGHSHGLUDR0LFURVRIW
$FFHVVSDUDH[LELUXPDSDUWHVHOHFLRQDGDGDVLQIRUPDo}HV
XVDQGR SURFHGLPHQWRV FKDPDGRV ORFDOL]DU FODVVLFDU RX
FRQVXOWDU )LQDOPHQWH R 0LFURVRIW $FFHVV DMXGD YRFr D
LPSULPLUHPXPUHODWyULRDSHQDVSDUWHGDVLQIRUPDo}HVTXH
YRFr GHVHMD YHU $ TXDOTXHU KRUD YRFr SRGH SHUVRQDOL]DU
D DSDUrQFLD RX HGLWDU R FRQWH~GR GH TXDOTXHU SDUWH GR VHX
banco de dados.
&RPRR0LFURVRIW$FFHVVpXP6LVWHPDGH*HUHQFLDPHQWRGH%DQFRGH'DGRV5HODFLRQDO6*%'5YRFrSRGHRUJDQL]DUVHXVGDGRVVREUHYiULDViUHDVGHDVVXQWRVHPWDEHODV
H GHSRLV SRGH FULDU UHODFLRQDPHQWRV HQWUH DV WDEHODV (VVD
DERUGDJHPIDFLOLWDDUHXQLmRGRVGDGRVUHODFLRQDGRVTXDQGR
IRU SUHFLVR (VWDEHOHFHQGR UHODFLRQDPHQWR HQWUH DV WDEHODV
LQGLYLGXDLVHPYH]GHDUPD]HQDUWRGDVDVVXDVLQIRUPDo}HV
HP XPD ~QLFD WDEHOD JUDQGH YRFr HYLWD PXLWD GXSOLFDomR
GH GDGRV HFRQRPL]D HVSDoR GH DUPD]HQDPHQWR HP VHX
FRPSXWDGRUHPD[LPL]DDYHORFLGDGHHSUHFLVmRGRWUDEDOKR
FRPVHXVGDGRV20LFURVRIW$FFHVVWHPPXLWRVSURFHVVRV
automatizados e recursos de Ajuda on-line para ajud-lo a
criar e aperfeioar cada elemento do seu banco de dados.

A soluo para seu concurso

SQL
Structured Query LDQJXDJH
3RGHPRVGL]HU64/pXPDOLQJXDJHPTXHID]DOLJDomR
(interface) entre o usurio e um Sistema Gerenciador de
Banco de Dados RHODFLRQDO6*%'5
6XDSULQFLSDOIXQomRpID]HUSHVTXLVDVTXHU\ODQJXDJH
QHVVHEDQFRGHGDGRVDOpPGHSHUPLWLUDPDQLSXODomRGHVVHV
GDGRV DWUDYpV GH DWXDOL]Do}HV XWLOL]DQGRVH GRV SULQFLSDLV
FRPDQGRVDSRQWDGRVDEDL[R
&UHDWH7DEOH3HUPLWHDFULDomRGHWDEHODV1R64/R
FRQMXQWRGHGDGRVFKDPDVH7$%(/$HVHXFRQWH~GRpFKDPDGRGH&2/81$VHQGRDSUHVHQWDGRHP/,1+$6VLPLODU
DXPD3ODQLOKD(OHWU{QLFD
Insert3HUPLWHLQVHULUQRYDVLQIRUPDo}HVUHJLVWURVQDV
tabelas;
Delete - Permite eliminar um ou mais registros do banco
de dados;
Update  3HUPLWH D DWXDOL]DomR RX DOWHUDomR GH XP RX
mais registros.
$OLQJXDJHP64/pXPDOLQJXDJHPQmRSURFHGXUDOSHUPLWHDRVXVXiULRVHVSHFLFDURTXHGHYHVHUIHLWRHSURFHVVD
dados como conjunto de elementos em lugar de um registro
SRUYH]FRPRRFRUUHHPOLQJXDJHPSURFHGXUDO
$VOLQJXDJHQVQmRSURFHGXUDLVVmRSURYDYHOPHQWHPDLV
SURGXWLYDV
$ 64/ IRL FULDGD SDUD PDQLSXODU GDGRV QRV VLVWHPDV
de banco de dados relacionais. Ao contrrio dos modelos
KLHUiUTXLFRHUHWLFXODUUHGHVDVDSOLFDo}HVUHODFLRQDLVQmR
QHFHVVLWDPGHVFUHYHUDDUPD]HQDJHPItVLFDGRVGDGRVHRV
UHODFLRQDPHQWRV QmR QHFHVVLWDP VHU SUHGHGRV GHQWUR GD
GHQLomR GH EDQFR GH GDGRV PDV SRGHP VHU HVSHFLFDGRV
TXDQGRIRUQHFHVViULRREWrORV
$OLQJXDJHP64/HFRQRPL]DWHPSRpH[tYHOVHJXUD
tem poucos comandos quando comparada a uma linguagem
GH SURJUDPDomR FRQYHQFLRQDO $ 64/ p ~WLO WDQWR SDUD R
XVXiULR QDO FRPR SDUD SURJUDPDGRUHV 1RWDVH TXH SDUD
FDGD SURJUDPD HVFULWR QD OLQJXDJHP &RERO SRGHP VHU HVFULWRVDRPHQRVSURJUDPDVHP64/2VXVXiULRVSRGHP
JHUDUFRPDQGRVGLUHWDPHQWHHP64/RXXWLOL]DUXPDIRUPD
VLPSOLFDGDDWUDYpVGHFDUGiSLRVPHQXVTXHYmRJHUDURV
FRPDQGRV64/
$ 64/ REMHWLYD D FRQVXOWD TXHU\V H RV SULQFLSDLV FRPDQGRVXWLOL]DGRVVmR
Select - Seleciona os campos (atributos) a serem pesquisados;
From'HQHRVDUTXLYRVWDEHODVGHRQGHVHUmRH[WUDdos os dados;
Where  'HQH XPD FRQGLomR GRV GDGRV TXH VHUmR
obtidos.
(P XPD FRQVXOWD XWLOL]DQGR RV FRPDQGRV
Select)URP e WhereGDSQLWHUHPRVVHPSUHXP$WULEXWR
5HODomRH3UHGLFDGRUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHVHQGRDLQGDTXH
SelectFRUUHVSRQGHDXPDRSHUDomRGHSURMHomR de lgebra relacional;
From corresponde a uma RSHUDomRGHSURGXWRFDUWHVLDQR
da lgebra relacional; e

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo

 1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD

Where FRUUHVSRQGH D XPD RSHUDomR GH VHOHomR GHVVD

mesma lgebra.
3RUWDQWRDOLQJXDJHP64/EDVHLDVHQDiOJHEUDUHODFLRQDO
3DUD PHOKRU HQWHQGLPHQWR GHVFUHYHPRV D VHJXLU XP
H[HPSORSUiWLFRGHFRQVXOWDXWLOL]DQGRRVFRPDQGRV6HOHFW
From e Where:
6HQXPEDQFRGHGDGRVGHXPDHPSUHVDHXTXLVHUVDEHU
TXDLVYHQGHGRUHVJDQKDPVDOiULRVVXSHULRUHVD5
HIHWLYRRVHJXLQWHFRPDQGR
6(/(&7FyGLJRQRPH
)520YHQGHGRU
:KHUHVDO!
onde:
FyGLJR e nome  VmR RV DWULEXWRV GH FDPSRV D VHUHP
selecionados;
YHQGHGRU - o nome da tabela que ser pesquisada;
VDO!pDFRQGLomRGRVGDGRVTXHVHUmRREWLGRV
2V SULQFLSDLV SURGXWRV 6*%'5 TXH WUDEDOKDP FRP
64/ VmR $&&(66 25$&/( ,1*5(6 ,1)250,;
6<%$6(
ALGUMAS DICAS IMPORTANTES SOBRE O ACCESS
$R DEULUPRV XP DUTXLYR 0'%H[WHQVmR GR $FFHVV
WHPRV DFHVVR D WRGRV RV FRPSRQHQWHV GR VLVWHPD WDEHODV
FRQVXOWDVPDFURVUHODWyULRVHWF$HVVHVFRPSRQHQWHVFKDPDPRVREMHWRVGRVLVWHPDHHPUHVXPRSRGHPRVGHVFUHYr
los a seguir:
TABELAS
CONSULTAS
FORMULRIOS
RELATRIOS
MACROS

MDULOS

2QGHDUPD]HQDPRVDVLQIRUPD
o}HVTXHTXHUHPRVWUDWDU
)LOWUDPDVLQIRUPDo}HVGDVWDEHODV
HSHUPLWHPVXDYLVXDOL]DomR
*HUDOPHQWHVmRFRPDQGRV64/
6mRMDQHODVGHVWLQDGDVjHGLomRH
YLVXDOL]DomRGRVGDGRV
2UJDQL]DPRVGDGRVGHWDEHODV
HFRQVXOWDVGHXPDPDQHLUDTXH
SRVVDPVHULPSUHVVRV
5RWLQDVTXHDXWRPDWL]DPWDUHIDV
HPQHFHVVLGDGHGHSURJUDPDomR
8WLOL]DGDVQR$FFHVV
$UPD]HQDPLQVWUXo}HVHFRPDQGRV
GDOLQJXDJHP$FFHVV%DVLF9%$H
SHUPLWHPPHOKRUDUHH[SDQGLURV
UHFXUVRVGRVLVWHPD

2EV (PERUD R 9LVXDO %DVLF XWLOL]H DUTXLYRV SDGUmR

0'% )RUPXOiULRV 5HODWyULRV H 0yGXORV VmR WUDWDGRV GH
IRUPD GLIHUHQWH SHOR SUySULR 9LVXDO %DVLF H QDWLYDPHQWH
o 9LVXDO %DVLF QmR XWLOL]D 0DFURV $OHP GLVVR QR Access
H 9LVXDO %DVLF SRGHPRV XWLOL]DU RXWURV DUTXLYRV DOpP GRV
DUTXLYRV 0'% FRPR DUTXLYRV '%) GR Dbase/Clipper,
DUTXLYRVGR3DUDGR[do%WULHYHHWF
2V UHFXUVRV GH GHQLomR GH GDGRV GR PHFDQLVPR -HW
SHUPLWHPDFULDomRDPRGLFDomRHDH[FOXVmRGHWDEHODV
tQGLFHVHFRQVXOWDV2-HWWDPEpPDFHLWDDYDOLGDomRGHGDGRV
HP QtYHO GH FDPSR H UHJLVWUR $ LQWHJULGDGH GH GDGRV WHP
VXSRUWHVREDIRUPDGHFKDYHVSULPiULDVHLQWHJULGDGHUHIHUHQFLDOHQWUHWDEHODV3DUDPDQLSXODomRGHGDGRVR-HWDGPLWH
o uso da 64/ e de objetos de acesso aos dados. Tais objetos
permitem ao programador manipular informaes contidas
QR EDQFR GH GDGRV DWUDYpV GD GHQLomR GH SURSULHGDGHV H
SHODH[HFXomRGHPpWRGRVTXHVmRDVVRFLDGRVDRVREMHWRV

TABELAS
2QRPHGHXPD7$%(/$SRGHFRQWHUDWpFDUDFWHUHV
2TXHRXWURV%DQFRVGH'DGRVFKDPDPGHDUTXLYRVR$FFHVV
FKDPDGH7$%(/$6
2$FFHVVMiSRGLDWUDEDOKDUFRPDWp7$%(/$6HPXP~QLFR%DQFRGH'DGRVHDEULUDWp7$%(/$6DRPHVPRWHPSRGHSHQGHQGRGRVUHFXUVRVGRPLFUR
&RQVXOWDV GH DWp  WDEHODV H FRP DWp  FDPSRV GHVVDV
WDEHODV8PD7$%(/$GRDFFHVVSRGHLPSRUWDUGDGRVWLSR
WH[WR([FHO/RWXV)R[3UR3DUDGR[[%DVH64/HWF
CHAVE PRIMRIA&DPSRGDWDEHODTXHVHUiXWLOL]Ddo pelo Access para agilizar as consultas e outras operaes.
,GHDOpTXHVHMDHVFROKLGRXPFDPSRQXPpULFRRXXPFyGLJR
GHLGHQWLFDomRGDWDEHODFyGLJRHVWHTXHGHYHVHUH[FOXVLYR
SDUDFDGD5(*,6752eSRVVtYHO
Selecionar o campo escolhiGRSDUD&+$9(
&OLFDUQR%RWmRFRPRtFRQHTXHUHSUHVHQWDDFKDYHRX
(GLWDU'HQLU&KDYH3ULPiULD
REMOVER UMA CHAVE PRIMRIA:
6HOHFLRQDURFDPSRFRPDFKDYH
&OLFDUQR%RWmRFRPRtFRQHGHXPUDLRRX(GLWDU5HPRYHU&KDYH3ULPiULD
TECLAS DE ATALHO
6HWDV+RPH(QG&WUO+RPH&WUO(QG6HPHOKDQWHV
DR:RUG([FHOHRXWURV
Tab0RYHUVHHQWUHRVFDPSRVSDUDIUHQWH
Shift+Tab0RYHUVHHQWUHRVFDPSRVSDUDWUD]
F2(GLWDUFRQWH~GRGHXPFDPSRVHOHFLRQDGR
F60RYHUVHHQWUHFDEHoDOKRHURGDSpGH)RUPXOiULR
RXGH5HODWyULRHHQWUHDSDUWHVXSHULRUHLQIHULRUGDHVWUXWXUD
de uma tabela;
Ctrl + ,QVHULUXPDFySLDGRYDORUGRFDPSRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHGRUHJLVWURDQWHULRU
AUTO AJUSTE DE LARGURA DE LINHAS E COLUNAS
Selecionar a(s) linha(s)/coluna(s) e dar um duplo clique
QR ODGR GLUHLWR GD ERUGD GR 6(/(725 '( &$032 '$
&2/81$ QRPH GR FDPSR RX 0HQX )RUPDWDU  /DUJXUD
GD&ROXQD0HOKRU$MXVWH
CONGELAR COLUNAS,GHDOSDUDWDEHODVJUDQGHVH
TXHQmRFDEHPQDWHOD
6HOHFLRQDUDFROXQD6HOHWRUGH&DPSR
FormatarFRQJHODU&ROXQDV
PROPRIEDADES DE CAMPOS
TAMANHO DO CAMPO2$FFHVVVXJHUHVHPSUH
SDUDVHXWLSRGHFDPSR7H[WRPDVSRGHPRVDOWHUDUDYRQWDGH
HGHPDQHLUDUDFLRQDOSDUDXPPHOKRUDSURYHLWDPHQWR
FORMATO  (VWD SURSULHGDGH GHSHQGH GR 7LSR GH
&DPSR3DUDRFDPSR7H[WRQmRDSDUHFHQHQKXPDVXJHVWmR
PDVSDUDRXWURVWLSRVFRPRR1~PHURDSDUHFHXP%RWmRj
GLUHLWDFRPXPDVHWDSDUDEDL[RTXHDRVHUFOLFDGRPRVWUD
H[HPSORVGHIRUPDWRVTXHSRGHPVHUHVFROKLGRVFRPR0RHGD1~PHUR*HUDO6WDQGDUGHWF
2EV)RUPDWRSDUDH[LELomRGHPDL~VFXODVLQGHSHQGHQWHV
GDHQWUDGDVHURXQmRPDL~VFXOD#!
MSCARA DE ENTRADA  0XLWR ~WLO SDUD GDGRV
WLSRQ~PHURVGHWHOHIRQHGDWDV&3)&*&HVLPLODUHV$R
FOLFDUPRVQRERWmRjGLUHLWDFRPWUrVSRQWLQKRVDSDUHFHUiR
Assistente de Mscara.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo

A soluo para seu concurso

1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD 

Importante: HVWi GLVSRQtYHO DSHQDV SDUD FDPSRV WLSR

7H[WRH'DWD+RUD
3RU H[HPSOR QXP FDPSR WLSR WHOHIRQH SRGH DSDUHFHU
 B TXH IDFLOLWDUi D GLJLWDomR GRV GDGRV
H[LELQGRDPiVFDUD
(____) ___-____.
MSCARAS TEIS:
&*&
&*)
&3)
LEGENDA2TXHGLJLWDUPRVDTXLDSDUHFHUiFRPRWtWXORGHFDPSRQR)RUPXOiULRHQDSUySULD7DEHODRX&RQVXOWD
SRUWDQWRGHYHPRVHVFROKHUFRPFXLGDGR&DVRQmRGLJLWHPRV
QDGD R 1RPH GH &DPSR FDUi HP VHX OXJDU R TXH QmR p
interessante).
VALOR PADRO  4XDQGR HVWDPRV HQWUDQGR GDGRV
WLSR8)HTXHERDSDUWHVHUi&(GLJLWDPRVFRPRYDORUSDGUmR
&( SDUD TXH Mi DSDUHoD QR FDPSR H QmR VHMD QHFHVViULR
GLJLWDUVHPSUHDSHQDVTXDQGRIRUGLIHUHQWH
REGRA DE VALIDAO&DVRTXHLUDPRVOLPLWDURV
YDORUHV D VHUHP HQWUDGRV QHVWH FDPSR '201,2 HQWmR
HQWUDPRVFRPXPDH[SUHVVmRRXWH[WRTXHOWUDUiDSHQDVRV
YDORUHVTXHDWHQGDPDIDL[DHVSHFLFDGDSHODH[SUHVVmR
([V! 3$8/2RX
2SHUDGRUHVSDUD5HJUDVGH9DOLGDomR$QG2U,V1RW
%HWZHHQ/LNH 
TEXTO DE VALIDAOeDPHQVDJHPTXHDOHUWDUi
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O NOVO VISUAL DO POWERPOINT 2007:

O MENU INCIO:

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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Retrato e Paisagem.
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 71
MENU ANIMAES:

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A soluo para seu concurso

MENU APRESENTAO DE SLIDES

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

72 = Noes de Informtica

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NOVIDADE NO POWERPOINT 2007

CRIAR E ENTREGAR APRESENTAES DINMICAS
UMA APARNCIA NOVA E INTUITIVA

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RECUPERAO DO PROGRAMA

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ANOTAES

PROCEDIMENTOS DE BACKUP
(CPIAS DE SEGURANA)
Conceito: %DFNXS p XPD FySLD GRV DUTXLYRV TXH FRQsidHUDPRV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV RX DTXHOHV DUTXLYRV FKDYHV
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PDLV FRQVWDQWH GH FRPSXWDGRUHV XP VLVWHPD GH EDFNXS
que garanta a segurana e disponibilidade full-time dos
GDGRV FRUSRUDWLYRV p IXQGDPHQWDO $SHVDU GH VHU XPD
PHGLGDGHVHJXUDQoDDQWLJDPXLWDVHPSUHVDVQmRSRVVXHP
um sistema de EDFNXS RX R ID]HP GH PDQHLUD LQFRUUHWD
Montar um sistema de EDFNXS requer um pouco de cautela.
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D HVFROKD GD PtGLD SDUD DUPD]HQDPHQWR p PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH
GHFLGLUTXDOVRIWZDUHGHEDFNXS mais adequado para atender
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GH GDGRV DWUDYpV GD PHVPD LQWHUIDFH &RPR HVFROKHU XP
sistema de EDFNXS:
 Procure o tipo de mdia de armazenamento adequado ao
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 77

IHUUDPHQWD JHUHQFLH DWUDYpV GD PHVPD LQWHUIDFH WDQWR R

EDFNXSGHDUTXLYRVTXDQGRGRSUySULREDQFRGHGDGRV
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justamente o de EDFNXSYLD:HE2XVXiULRSRGHDOXJDUXP
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podendo atualiz-los ou carreg-los quando bem entender.
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bsicos: falta de infra-estrutura e de segurana. Nenhuma
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QR FDVR GH TXDOTXHU GHVDVWUH LQFrQGLR HQFKHQWH OHYDUi D
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poder ser feito por qualquer sistema de EDFNXSH[LVWHQWHQR
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citados anteriormente.
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programa de EDFNXSRXWURVDFHLWDPTXHYRFrXVHRSURJUDPD
de EDFNXSGRSUySULR:LQGRZV
ESTRATGIAS

Fazer EDFNXS do que"%DFNXS apenas de tudo que nico

DRVHXVLVWHPDEDQFRGHXVXiULRVDUTXLYRVGHGDGRVFRQJXUDomRGRVHXVLVWHPDRX%DFNXS completo.
De que deve ser feito EDFNXS"$RID]HUDSHQDVGRTXHIRU
particular ao nosso sistema economizaremos mdia e tempo
de EDFNXS 1XPD HYHQWXDO SDQH JHUDO SRGHUHPRV LQVWDODU R
VLVWHPDQRYDPHQWHDSDUWLUGDVPtGLDVRULJLQDLVHUHFRQJXUi
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6H ]HUPRV R EDFNXS completo o processo ser mais
FRPSOH[RGHPRUDGRHFXVWDUiPDLVPtGLDGHEDFNXSPDVHP
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TIPOS DE BACKUP

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GRVDUTXLYRVPRGLFDGRVGHVGHR~OWLPREDFNXS.
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A soluo para seu concurso

A poltica de EDFNXS pode incorporar mtodos e perodos

GLIHUHQWHV SDUD GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH DUTXLYRV GR VLVWHPD 3RU
H[HPSORDUTXLYRVGRVLVWHPDRSHUDFLRQDOFRVWXPDPVHUPRGLFDGRVFRPPXLWRPHQRUIUHTrQFLDGRTXHGDGRVGRXVXiULR
assim pode-se adotar uma poltica de EDFNXS completo mensal
para o sistema operacional e incremental semanal e para o /
home uma poltica semanal completa e incremental diria.
SOFTWARE DE BACKUP





&ySLDVVLPSOHV
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Programas especializados
%DFNXSs pela rede

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no controle das mdias de EDFNXS H QD VXD UHDOL]DomR SDUD
toda a rede.
PERIDIOCIDADE DOS BACKUPS

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

78 = Noes de Informtica

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que todos estejam preparados.
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rea de armazenamento.

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ter seus empregados colaborar em projetos que melhorem a
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A soluo para seu concurso

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A soluo para seu concurso

INTERNET e INTRANET
A tecnologia e os conceitos fundamentais utilizados
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 81

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82 = Noes de Informtica

A SEGURANA NA CONEXO COM A INTERNET

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

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MS-Outlook 2007
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funcional. Vejamos alguns tipos de computadores:
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um computador de mesa.
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funcionrios e setores.
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muito trabalho ao mesmo tempo.

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que composto pelo nome da linha do processador mais
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 111

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

112 = Noes de Informtica

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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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DEL  6XD IXQomR  p DSDJDU RV FDUDFWHUHV TXH HVWLYHUHP QD
SRVLomRVDOYRH[FHo}HVFRPRQRSURJUDPD:25'67$5
Visualizao das principais teclas:

1. &
 RQMXQWR  GH WHFODV DOIDQXPpULFR FRUUHVSRQGH DRV
FDUDFWHUHVQRUPDLVHVSDoRQ~PHURVHDFHQWRV
2. &
 RQMXQWR GH WHFODV TXH SURSLFLDP  FRQWUROH GH FDUDF
WHUHV PDL~VFXORV H PLQ~VFXORV DWDOKRV  H FDUDFWHUHV
HVSHFLDLV6mRDVWHFODV&75/6+,)7H$/7TXH
possuem caractersticas de controle de funes em
PXLWRVSURJUDPDVHQR:LQGRZV'LFD6HPSUHSURFXUHSRU7HFODVGH$WDOKRQRSURJUDPDTXHHVWLYHU
XVDQGR$FRPELQDomRGHVVDVFRPRXWUDVWHFODVSRGH
causar um atalho para um procedimento ou comando.
 $
 V WHFODV ,16(57 '(/(7( +20( (1' 3$*(
83H3$*('2:1FRQWURODPFRPRRVFDUDFWHUHVVmR
LQVHULGRVHRQGHSRVLFLRQDURSRQWRSDUDLQVHUomRGH
FDUDFWHUHV
 &
 RQMXQWRGHWHFODVFRPVHWDVGHGLUHomRTXHSRVVXL
YDULDGDV   QDOLGDGHV  FRQIRUPH   R  SURJUDPD  TXH
HVWLYHUHPXVRHRREMHWRTXHHVWLYHUHPIRFR
 7HFODGR  QXPpULFR RULJLQDOPHQWH  SURGX]LGR SDUD
IDFLOLWDUDGLJLWDomRFRPRRGHXPDFDOFXODGRUD
2PRXVHQRUPDOPHQWHFRPGRLVRXWUrVERW}HVHQWUDFRP
LQIRUPDo}HVQRFRPSXWDGRUVREUHRVREMHWRVGLVSRVWRVJUDFDPHQWHQRPRQLWRUGHYtGHRTXHRXVXiULRSRVVDWRFDUPRYHURX
FRPDQGDU,QYHQWDGRHPQR6WDQIRUG5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH
SRU(QJHOEDUWVHXSURWyWLSRLQLFLDOIRLIHLWRHPPDGHLUDHFRP
GLVFRVGHPHWDO2VWUrVWLSRVPDLVFRPXQVGHPRXVH
1) 2 PRXVH PHFkQLFR  TXH SRVVXL XPD HVIHUD GH PHWDO
RXERUUDFKDTXHURODHPWRGDVDVGLUHo}HVDWLYDQGRRV
sensores mecnicos.
2) 2 PRXVH RSWRPHFkQLFR TXH p  VLPLODU DR PHFkQLFR
PDVTXHXVDVHQVRUHVySWLFRVSDUDGHWHFWDURPRYLPHQWR
2PRXVHySWLFRTXHXVDDWHFQRORJLDEDVHDGDHPOX]
ODVHUSDUDGHWHFWDUVHXPRYLPHQWR
Simplesmente um enorme sucesso.

A soluo para seu concurso

6HXXVRpLQWXLWLYRRVPRYLPHQWRVSHUFHELGRVQRPRXVH
VmRHQYLDGRVDRFRPSXWDGRUTXHRVVLPXODQXPFXUVRUREMHWR
GLVSRVWRJUDFDPHQWHQDWHODTXHQRVID]GHGX]LUDPRYLPHQWDomR&RPR DWXDOFUHVFLPHQWRGDVLQWHUIDFHVJUiFDVFRPR
DGR:LQGRZVRPRXVHDVVXPLXXPSDSHOLQGLVSHQViYHOQD
URWLQDGLiULDGRXVXiULRGHPLFURFRPSXWDomR
2PRXVHQmRVXEVWLWXLRWHFODGR&RPGHWHUPLQDGRVSURJUDPDVDWpSRGHPRVID]rORPDVFRPSDUDQGRRWHPSR~WLOR
WHFODGRSRVVXLODUJDYDQWDJHP
+i YiULRV PRGHORV  H PDUFDV GH PRXVH QR PHUFDGR H
D HVFROKD  JHUDOPHQWH OHYD HP FRQVLGHUDomR R VHX XVR 3RU
H[HPSORTXHPQmRWUDEDOKDFRPDSOLFDo}HVPXLWRHVSHFtFDVRPRXVHFRPGRLVERW}HVpVXFLHQWHRWHUFHLUR
ERWmRQmRpXVDGRQDPDLRULDGRVSURJUDPDVHPERUDVHMD
SRVVtYHOFRQJXUiOR
2WDPDQKRHDIRUPDGRPRGHORRLGHDOpGLWDGRSHOR
SUySULRXVXiULRQRUPDOPHQWHpRPRXVHTXHOKHVHMDDQDW{PLFRRXVHMDTXHVHDGDSWDDRIRUPDWRHDRWDPDQKRGH
VXD PmR H TXH SHUPLWD IDFLOLGDGH  DRV GHGRV  SDUD DFLRQDU
VHXVERW}HV4XDQGRVHXVDRPRXVHFRPHVIHUDpERPQRWDU
TXHTXDQWRPDLVSHVDGDHODIRUPHOKRUMiTXHJDUDQWHPDLV
estabilidade.
2VPRXVHVWDPEpPSRGHPDSDUHFHUHPIRUPDWRVYDULDGRVGHVHQKDGRVSDUDDWHQGHUHVSHFLDOPHQWHDGHWHUPLQDGRVXVXiULRV4XHPQmRWHPHVSDoRSDUDPRYLPHQWDURPRXVH
FRQWD FRP D RSomR GR WUDFNEDOO RX PRXVH HVWDFLRQiULR QR
TXDODHVIHUDFDYLUDGDSDUDFLPDHpDFLRQDGDGLUHWDPHQWH
pelo dedo do usurio. Quem trabalha com desenho e artes
JUiFDV WHP j GLVSRVL omR XP PRXVH HP IRUPD GH FDQHWD
para traos precisos.
$LQGDKiRXWURVPRGHORVFRPPDLVGLVSRVLWLYRVFRPR
7UDFNEDOOV7RXFKSDGSDUDFOLFDUEDVWDHQFRVWDURGHGRQD
WHODHRV*DPHSDGH-R\VWLFNVXVDGRVHPMRJRV

Trackball

Joystick
2 VFDQQHU p R GLVSRVLWLYR
TXH SURYLGHQFLD D HQWUDGD
GHLPDJHQVHJUiFRVQR
FRPSXWDGRU&RPRHVVDV
LPDJHQVHJUiFRVSDUD
RFRPSXWDGRUVmRFRPSRVWDV  HP GtJLWRV  YLGH
SiJ  HVVH GLVSRVLWLYR
tambm comumente chamado de digitalizador de
LPDJHQVHJUiFRVRXGH
OHLWRUySWLFR

([HPSORV IRWRV GHVHQKRV FURTXLV WH[WRV  HQP R

VFDQQHUSRGHFDUUHJiORVHHQYLiORVDRFRPSXWDGRUFRPR
imagens digitais.
$VVLPFRPRRVDQWHULRUHVHVWHSHULIpULFRWDPEpPSRVVXL
XPDLQQLGDGHGHPRGHORVHPDUFDVHRPDLVDGHTXDGRp
o que melhor atende a necessidade.

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

 1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD

2VGRLVWLSRVPDLVFRPXQVVmRRGHPmRHRGHPHVD
2VFDQQHUGHPmRpPXLWRXVDGRQRFRPpUFLRSDUDIDFLOLtar a entrada de informaes no computador sobre as etiquetas
GHFyGLJRVGHEDUUDVRTXHHOLPLQDDWDUHIDGHGLJLWDomRGH
FyGLJRVGHSURGXWRVHVHUYLoRV7DPEpPKiVFDQQHUGHPmR
FDSD]GHSHUFHEHULPDJHQVHQWUHWDQWRHVVHWLSRGHVFDQQHUGHPRQVWURXVHLQHFD]TXDQWRDTXDOLGDGHGRUHVXOWDGR
obtido.
2VFDQQHUGHPHVDREWpPPHOKRUUHVROXomRHTXDOLGDGH
QDOSDUDUHFXSHUDULPDJHQVSDUDGDVFRPRIRWRVGHVHQKRVH
WH[WRV&DVRRFRPSXWDGRUVHMDPXQLGRFRPXPSURJUDPDGR
WLSR2&52SWLFDO&KDUDFWHU5HFRJQLWLRQRX5HFRQKHFLPHQWR
SWLFRGH&DUDFWHUHVHOHSRGHWUDQVIRUPDUDLPDJHPGHXP
WH[WRREWLGDSHORVFDQQHUYHUGDGHLUDPHQWHHPWH[WR
eLPSRUWDQWHVDEHUDHQRUPHGLIHUHQoDH[LVWHQWHHQWUH
XPVFDQQHUHXPDPHVDGLJLWDOL]DGRUDTXHpXPGLVSRVLWLYR
de entrada com uma base plana e um instrumento indicador
em forma de caneta ou bloco. As mesas digitalizadoras perPLWHPPDLRUSUHFLVmRQDFRQVWUXomRGRVGHVHQKRVHWRUQDPR
DFHVVRDRVFRPDQGRVPDLVVLPSOHVVHIRUHPEHPH[SORUDGDV
pela interface do produto.

3HULIpULFRVGHVDtGD

2PRQLWRUGHYtGHRSURYLGHQFLDDIRUPDPDLVWUDQVSDUHQWH
GHSHUFHEHUDVLQIRUPDo}HVGLUHWDPHQWHGRPLFURFRPSXWDGRU
ele literalmente mostra as informaes ao usurio.
2VWLSRVGHPRQLWRUHVVRIUHUDPPXLWDVPRGLFDo}HVGHVGH
R ERP YHOKR H DLQGD UHVLVWHQWH WXER GH LPDJHP DWp D PDLV
recente tecnologia para monitores embasada em telas de crisWDOOtTXLGR$VWHQWDWLYDVGHVXEVWLWXtORVSHODWHFQRORJLDGH
LPDJHQVHP'IRUPDGDVHPSOHQRDUGHYLGRDRDOWtVVLPR
FXVWRDLQGDYDLGHPRUDUSDUDYLUDUUHDOLGDGHPDVMiH[LVWH
'HVGH D LQYHQomR GR DSDUHOKR GH 79 D LPDJHP YHP
sendo reproduzida por pontos dispostos em linhas horizon- tais
HFROXQDVYHUWLFDLVDVVLPTXDQWRPDLVSRQWRVIRUHPXVDGRV
QDUHSURGXomRGDLPDJHPPDLVQtWLGDHODVHUi&RQYHQFLRQDOPHQWHHVVDFDSDFLGDGHpPHGLGDDWUDYpVGDTXDQWLGDGHGH
SRQWRVSRVVtYHLVHPFDGDOLQKDHHPFDGDFROXQD1DLQIRUPiWLFDHVVHVSRQWRVVmRFKDPDGRVGHSL[HOV3LFWXUH(OHPHQWV
e a distncia entre eles de dot pitch. A maioria dos monitores
HPFRUHVGHSROHJDGDVDSUHVHQWDGRWSLWFKHQWUHH
PLOtPHWURV2LGHDOpPLOtPHWURVRXDWpPHQRV
$LQGD  Ki  DV  IUHTrQFLDV KRUL]RQWDO H  YHUWLFDO  GR
aparelho. A horizontal determinada em quilohertz responViYHOSHODYHORFLGDGHFRPTXHDVOLQKDVVmRHVFULWDVQDWHOD
4XDQWRPDLRUDIUHTrQFLDPDLRURQ~PHURGHSRQWRVTXH
SRGHPVHUGHVHQKDGRVQXPDOLQKDHPDLRUDUHVROXomR$
IUHTrQFLDKRUL]RQWDOYDULDHQWUH.+]H.+]
1D LQIRUPiWLFD RV WLSRV EiVLFRV GH PRQLWRUHV HVWmR GLUHWDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGRV DR SDGUmR GH LPDJHP  HQYLDGD SHOD
SODFDFRQWURODGRUDGHYtGHRLQVWDODGDQRFRPSXWDGRUDR
PRQLWRU(VVHVSDGU}HVVmR

&*$&RORU*UDSKLFV$GDSWHU$GDSWDGRUGH*UiFRV&RORULGR$WXDOPHQWHHPGHVXVRHVWHIRLRSULPHLUR

VLVWHPDJUiFRFRORULGRXVDGRQRFRPSXWDGRU3&$PDLV
DOWDUHVROXomRGHVVHSDGUmRSHUPLWLXXPDUHVROXomRGH
[SL[HOVFRPGXDVFRUHVVLPXOWkQHDV2XWUDUHVROXomRSRSXODUHUDDGH[SL[HOVFRPTXDWURFRUHV
simultneas.
9*$9LGHR*UDSKLFV$UUD\$UUDQMRGH9tGHR
*UiFR3DGUmRGHYtGHRODQoDGRSHOD,%0HPFRQMXQWR
FRPRVHXFRPSXWDGRU367HPUHVROXomRPi[LPDGH
[SL[HOVFRPFRUHVVLPXOWkQHDVGHXPDSDOHWDFRP
FRUHVSRVVtYHLV1RPRGRWH[WRVHXVFDUDFWHUHVVmRDSUHVHQWDGRVQXPDPDWUL]GH[SL[HOV
69*$6XSHU9LGHR*UDSKLFV$UUD\6XSHU$UUDQMR
GH9tGHR*UiFRTXHpXPDPHOKRULDGRSDGUmR9*$
HDLQGDWRWDOPHQWHFRPSDWtYHODHOHeFDSD]GHUHSUHVHQWDU
YiULDV  UHVROXo}HV  GLIHUHQWHV DV PDLV FRPXQV  VmR   [
[H[
3RUWDQWRRPRQLWRUHDSODFDGHYtGHRSUHFLVDPVHUSHUIHLWDPHQWHFRPSDWtYHLVSDUDREWHQomRGRPHOKRUUHVXOWDGRSRVVtYHO
$ LPSUHVVRUD JHUD  QD IRUPD LPSUHVVD
TXDOTXHU LQIRUPD omR TXH VHMD GHVHMDGD (OD
HIHWLYDPHQWHUHDOL]DHUHJLVWUDGRFXPHQWRV
UHODWyULRVRXSURJUDPDV
Tipos de impressora:
,mpressoras de impacto %DL[D YHORFLGDGH GH   LPSUHVVmR
,PSUHVVmR GH YiULDV FySLDV VLPXOWkQHDV DWp VHLV RX VHWH FRP
XVRGHFDUERQR8WLOL]DomRGHGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHSDSHO%DL[D
TXDOLGDGHGHLPSUHVVmRSDUDLPDJHQV
Impressora de no-impacto:$LPSUHVVmRpVLOHQFLRVD$OWD
YHORFLGDGH GH LPSUHVVmR WLPD TXDOLGDGH SDUD  JUiFRV  1mR
LPSULPHPP~OWLSODVFRSLDVVLPXOWDQHDPHQWH
Impressora Matricial: (ODVVmRPXLWRXVDGDVQRVVHWRUHV
GHDXWRPDomRFRPHUFLDOTXDVHWRGRRVFDL[DVGHVXSHUPHUFDGRV
H EDQFRV HOHWU{QLFRV XVDP HVVH WLSR GH LPSUHVVRUD SRU VHUHP
EDUDWDVHGHEDL[RFXVWRGHPDQXWHQomR$PDLVVLPSOHVSRVVXL
QRYH DJXOKDV D ODUJXUD GR FDUiWHU GHSHQGH GH FDGD IDEULFDQWH
XVDGDSDUDLPSUHVVmRGHQRWDVVFDLVHWF
Impressora de Margarida: 'HVWLQDGDjLPSUHVVmRGHWH[WRVH
WUDEDOKRVQmRJUiFRVHODFRORFDRVFDUDFWHUHVHPXPFtUFXOR
TXHOHPEUDDRUPDUJDULGD$LPSUHVVmRpIHLWDGRFRPSULPHQWR
jKDVWHFRPRFDUiWHUGHVHMDGRFRQWUDDWDGHLPSUHVVmR
Impressora a laser0XLWRPDLVUiSLGDHVLPLODUjPiTXLQDGH
[HUR[+RMHpFRPXPHQFRQWUDUPRVLPSUHVVRUDVLPSULPLQGR
RXPDLVSiJLQDVSRUPLQXWR
Impressora a jato de tinta:3UHVHQWHHPTXDVHWRGDVDVPHVDVDV
LPSUHVVRUDVDMDWRGHWLQWDFRQVHJXLUDPDOLDUTXDOLGDGHFRUHSUHoR
Impressora trmica: (VVH WLSR GH LPSUHVVRUD p XVDGR HP
DSOLFDo}HV  GHGLFDGDV FRPR LPSUHVVmR GH FyGLJRV GH EDUUDV H
HWLTXHWDVDGHVLYDV(VVDLPSUHVVRUDH[LJHXPSDSHOHVSHFLDOH
VmRPXLWRXVDGDVSHODVFRPSDQKLDVDpUHDVSDUDHPLWLURVFDUW}HV
GHHPEDUTXHHGHGHVWLQRGDVPDODV

2V GLVSRVLWLYRV GH LPSUHVVmR FRQVWLWXHP XPD FODVVH

GH DFHVVyULRV  TXH GHYHP ID]HU SDUWH  GH TXDOTXHU VLVWHPD
RSHUDFLRQDO1HVVDFODVVHHQFRQWUDPVHDVLPSUHVVRUDVTXH
SRGHPVHUFODVVLFDGDVVHJXQGRVXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQWUtQVHFDVFRPRYHORFLGDGHHIDFLOLGDGHGHLQVWDODomR

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD 

2XWUD   IRUPD   GH   FODVVLFDomR   p  SHOD   WHFQRORJLD

XWLOL]DGD  SDUD  D SURGXomR GR  GRFXPHQWR LPSUHVVR  SRU
H[HPSOR  LPSUHVVRUDV FRP PDUJDULGD PiTXLQDV GH GDWLORJUDDDFRSODGDVDFRPSXWDGRUHVLPSUHVVRUDVPDWULFLDLVRX
impressoras a laser.
$VLPSUHVVRUDVGHWHFQRORJLDVPDLVDYDQoDGDVPDWULFLDLV
RXDODVHUXVDPRPHVPRSULQFtSLRSDUDJHUDURVGRFXPHQWRV1HVVDVLPSUHVVRUDVRVFDUDFWHUHVVmRJHUDGRVDSDUWLUGH
SDGU}HVSUp[DGRVGHQRPLQDGRVIRQWHVTXHVmRRVWLSRVGH
OHWUDVTXHSRGHPVHUXVDGRV&DGDFDUiWHUpUHSUHVHQWDGRSRU
um nmero e esse nmero estabelece um conjunto de pontos
D VHUHP LPSUHVVRV  $VVLP D LPSUHVVRUD HQ[HUJD R SDSHO
FRPRVHIRVVHTXDGULFXODGRHWUDWDGHSLQWDURVSRQWRVDP
de desenhar o carter.
1DV LPSUHVVRUDV PDWULFLDLV RV SRQWRV VmR FRORFDGRV QR
SDSHODWUDYpVGHXPFRQMXQWRGHDJXOKDVGLVSRVWDVYHUWLFDOPHQWHTXHSUHVVLRQDXPDWDFRQWHQGRWLQWDRTXHID]FRP
TXHRSDSHOVHMDPDUFDGR$TXDOLGDGHGDLPSUHVVmRHVWiGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDFRPRQ~PHURGHDJXOKDVGLVSRQtYHLV
$VLPSUHVVRUDVPDLVFRPXQVWrPRXDJXOKDV
As impressoras a laser utilizam uma tecnologia bastante
anloga utilizada nas mquinas foto-copiadoras. No processo
GHLPSUHVVmRDODVHUXPDOLQKDGHSRQWRVpJHUDGDGHFDGDYH]
$VVLPVHGHWHUPLQDGRWLSRGHOHWUDQXPDPDWUL]GH[
SRQWRVSDUDXPGHWHUPLQDGRFRQMXQWRGHFDUDFWHUHVVHUmR
QHFHVViULDVOLQKDVSDUDFDGDOLQKDGHWH[WRLPSUHVVR
$OLQKDGHSRQWRVDVHUHPSLQWDGRVpFULDGDQDVXSHUItFLHGHXPFLOLQGURTXHSRVVXLHOHWULFLGDGHHVWiWLFD2ODVHU
GLUHFLRQDGRVREUHRFLOLQGURDWLYDXPSURFHVVRItVLFRTXtPLFR
TXH ID] FRP TXH  RV SRQWRV GR FLOLQGUR D VHUHP SLQWDGRV
SRVVXDPFDUJDHOpWULFDRSRVWDjFDUJDGRWRQHU2FLOLQGURp
HQWmR JLUDGR H R ODVHU FRPHoD D WUDoDU R QRYR FRQMXQWR  GH
SRQWRV $R SDVVDU SHOR WRQHU DV FDUJDV RSRVWDV VH DWUDHP
GHQLQGR SRQWRV QD VXSHUItFLH GR FLOLQGUR 6mR GHSRVLWDGDV
cargas eltricas opostas s cargas do toner na superfcie do
SDSHOHHPPDLRUTXDQWLGDGHTXHQRFLOLQGUR
'XUDQWHDURWDomRRSDSHOpSUHVVLRQDGRFRQWUDRFLOLQGUR
ID]HQGRFRPTXHRWRQHUVHMDWUDQVIHULGRSDUDRSDSHO$SyV
HVVD WUDQVIHUrQFLD R WRQHU p VHFDGR H D OLQKD GR FLOLQGUR p
UHVWDXUDGD D P GH FRPHoDU XP QRYR SURFHVVR $ URWDomR
H D SUR[LPLGDGH GRV SRQWRV  HP XPD OLQKD GR FLOLQGUR
HVWDEHOHFHUmRDTXDOLGDGHGDLPSUHVVmR4XDQWRPDLVOLQKDV
SRUSROHJDGDPHOKRUDUHVROXomR$VPHOKRUHVLPSUHVVRUDV
DODVHURIHUHFHPXPDGHQVLGDGHGHSRQWRVSRUSROHJDGD
SSSDVLJODHPLQJOrVp'3,GRWVSHULQFK
$WXDOPHQWHpFRPXPHQFRQWUDUPRVLPSUHVVRUDHVFDQQHU
QXPVyDSDUHOKRTXHRWRUQDXPSHULIpULFRGHHQWUDGDHVDtGD

3HULIpULFRVGHHQWUDGDHGHVDtGD
Dispositivos e mdias de armazenamento

Tipos e caractersticas bsicas de unidades de disco: como

YLPRVDPHPyULD5$0pYROiWLOLVWRpQmRUHWpPDVLQIRUPDo}HVFDVRRPLFURVHMDGHVOLJDGR3DUDVXSULUHVVDTXHVWmRQRV
PLFURFRPSXWDGRUHVWRGDVDVLQIRUPDo}HVLQFOXLQGRDUTXLYRV
HSURJUDPDVSRGHPVHUDUPD]HQDGDVDWUDYpVGHGULYHVQRV
GLVTXHWHVRXGLVFRVUtJLGRVZLQFKHVWHU(VVDRSHUDomRpUHDOL]DGDSHOR6LVWHPD2SHUDFLRQDORXQDXWLOL]DomRGR6RIWZDUH
$SOLFDWLYRHPXVR3DUDXVDURVDUTXLYRVRXSURJUDPDVTXH
HVWmRQDXQLGDGHGHGLVFRLQVLUDRSULPHLUDPHQWHQDXQLGDGH
GHGLVFRH[tYHO

A soluo para seu concurso

$VXQLGDGHVGHGLVFRH[tYHOVmRXVXDOPHQWHLGHQWLFDGDV
FRPR XQLGDGHV $ HRX % $ XQLGDGH GH  GLVFR UtJLGR
QRUPDOPHQWHLQVWDODGRLQWHUQDPHQWHQRFRPSXWDGRUpVHPSUH
LGHQWLFDGD FRPR XQLGDGH & /HPEUDPRV TXH FRP R VXUJLPHQWRGHQRYRVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRGHLQIRUPDo}HVFRPRSRUH[HPSOR&''9'3HQ'ULYHDWHQGrQFLDp
TXHDVXQLGDGHVGHGLVFRH[tYHOVHMDPVXEVWLWXtGDV
2V'ULYHVSRGHPVHUGHWDPDQKRVGLIHUHQWHVPDVRVPDLV
XVDGRVDWXDOPHQWHVmR
'ULYHGHWUrVSROHJDGDVHPHLD
2V GLVFRV H[tYHLV WDPEpP FKDPDGRV GH GLVTXHWHV VmR HVSHFLDOPHQWH ~WHLV QRV PLFURFRPSXWDGRUHV FRPR SULQFLSDO IRUPD GH WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH
GDGRVSDUDDUPD]HQDPHQWRUHPRYtYHO2GLVTXHWHV
PDLVXVDGRVDWXDOPHQWHVmRRVGHWDPDQKRGHSROHJDGDVPDLVUHVLVWHQWHVTXHRVDQWHFHVVRUHVPHQRUHVTXDQWR
DRWDPDQKRFRPSURWHomRTXHFREUHDDEHUWXUDGHDFHVVRH
SRGHPVHUGHGXSODIDFHDOWDGHQVLGDGHFRPFDSDFLGDGHGH
DUPD]HQDPHQWRGH0HJDE\WHV
&RQWXGRYrPVHQGRVXEVWLWXtGRSHORV&'VH'9'VTXH
YHUHPRVDGLDQWH
2'LVFR5tJLGRRX+'GRLQJOrV+DUG'LVNWDPEpP
FKDPDGRGHZLQFKHVWHUQRVSULPyUGLRVGDLQIRUPiWLFDpXP
GLVSRVLWLYR GH DUPD]HQDPHQWR GH LQIRUPDo}HV TXH FRQWpP
YiULRV GLVFRV HP XP Vy FDGD XP UHYHVWLGR FRP PDWHULDO
PDJQpWLFR H SRGH HVWDU LQWHUQDPHQWH RX H[WHUQDPHQWH QR
PLFURFRPSXWDGRU [R SRUpP SRGHPRV HQFRQWUDU FRP D
WHFQRORJLDUHPRYtYHO

2+'KDUGGLVNRXGLVFR5tJLGRpDSDUWHGRFRPSXWDGRURQGHVmRDUPD]HQDGRVRVGDGRVeHOHTXHJXDUGDWRGRV

RVVHXVDUTXLYRVFRPRIRWRVP~VLFDVWUDEDOKRVMRJRVYLGHRV
HWXGRPDLVTXHYRFrWHQKDGHLQIRUPDo}HVHGDGRV&RPR
SDVVDUGRWHPSRHVVHVDUTXLYRVYmRVHDFXPXODQGRHDIDOWD
GHHVSDoRVHWRUQDXPSUREOHPDSUDTXHPQmRSRGHMRJiORV
IRUDHpSUDLVVRTXHVHUYHR+'H[WHUQR&RPHOHYRFrQmR
SUHFLVDPDLVVHSUHFXSDUHPWURFDUVHX+'RXDWpPHVPRR
seu computador.
2+'H[WHUQRIXQFLRQDFRPRXPSHULIpULFRFRPRVHIRVVHXP3HQ'ULYHVyTXHFRPXPDFDSDFLGDGHLQQLWDPHQWH
PDLRU$PDLRULDGRVPRGHORVIXQFLRQDDWUDYpVGDSRUWD86%
 EDVWDYFOLJDUR+'H[WHUQRQDWRPDGDHHQWmRFRQHFWDUQD
86%([LVWHPYiULRVPRGHORVGH+'H[WHUQRXQVFRPIXQo}HVDPDLVTXHRVRXWURVRXWURVFRPPDLVFDSDFLGDGHVTXH
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A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 117

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118 = Noes de Informtica

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FDVRVRVDGZDUHVWrPVLGRLQFRUSRUDGRVDVRIWZDUHVHVHUYLoRVFRQVWLWXLQGRXPDIRUPDOHJtWLPDGHSDWURFtQLRRXUHWRUQR
QDQFHLUR SDUD DTXHOHV TXH GHVHQYROYHP VRIWZDUH OLYUH RX
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GHPHQVDJHQV0610HVVHQJHU

A soluo para seu concurso

spywareSRUVXDYH]pRWHUPRXWLOL]DGRSDUDVHUHIHULU
D XPD JUDQGH FDWHJRULD GH VRIWZDUH TXH WHP R REMHWLYR GH
monitorar atividades de um sistema e enviar as informaes
FROHWDGDV SDUD WHUFHLURV ([LVWHP DGZDUHV TXH WDPEpP VmR
FRQVLGHUDGRV XP WLSR GH VS\ZDUH SRLV VmR SURMHWDGRV SDUD
PRQLWRUDURVKiELWRVGRXVXiULRGXUDQWHDQDYHJDomRQD,QWHUQHWGLUHFLRQDQGRDVSURSDJDQGDVTXHVHUmRDSUHVHQWDGDV
2VVS\ZDUHVDVVLPFRPRRVDGZDUHVSRGHPVHUXWLOL]DGRV
GHIRUPDOHJtWLPDPDVQDPDLRULDGDVYH]HVVmRXWLOL]DGRV
de forma dissimulada, no autorizada e maliciosa.
Seguem algumas funcionalidades implementadas em
spywares, que podem ter relao com o uso legtimo ou
malicioso:
- PRQLWRUDPHQWRGH85/VDFHVVDGDVHQTXDQWRRXVXiULRQDYHJDQD,QWHUQHW
- DOWHUDomR GD SiJLQD LQLFLDO DSUHVHQWDGD QR EURZVHU GR
usurio;
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GRFRPSXWDGRU
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FUpGLWR
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eletrnico.
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DVHJXUDQoDGRFRPSXWDGRUGRXVXiULRGHSHQGHQGRGDVDo}HV
UHDOL]DGDVSHORVS\ZDUHQRFRPSXWDGRUHGHTXDLVLQIRUPDo}HVVmRPRQLWRUDGDVHHQYLDGDVSDUDWHUFHLURV
4XH H[HPSORV SRGHP VHU FLWDGRV VREUH SURJUDPDV
spyware? $OJXQV H[HPSORV GH XWLOL]DomR GH SURJUDPDV
VS\ZDUHGHPRGROHJtWLPRVmR
- XPD HPSUHVD SRGH XWLOL]DU SURJUDPDV VS\ZDUH SDUD
PRQLWRUDURVKiELWRVGHVHXVIXQFLRQiULRVGHVGHTXH
WDO PRQLWRUDPHQWR HVWHMD SUHYLVWR HP FRQWUDWR RX
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1) ([LVWHP SURJUDPDV FDYDOR GH WUyLD TXH LQVWDODP XP
VS\ZDUHDOpPGHXPNH\ORJJHURXVFUHHQORJJHU2VS\ZDUH
instalado monitora todos os acessos a sites enquanto o usurio
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VFUHHQORJJHUpDWLYDGRSDUDDFDSWXUDGHVHQKDVEDQFiULDVRX
Q~PHURVGHFDUW}HVGHFUpGLWR

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

122 = Noes de Informtica

2) $OJXQV DGZDUHV LQFOXHP FRPSRQHQWHV VS\ZDUH SDUD

PRQLWRUDU R DFHVVR D SiJLQDV :HE GXUDQWH D QDYHJDomR QD
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e SRVVtYHO SURWHJHU XP FRPSXWDGRU GH SURJUDPDV
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XP UHZDOO SHVVRDO SRLV DOJXQV UHZDOOV SRGHP EORTXHDU
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FROHWDGDV SRU HVWHV SURJUDPDV SDUD WHUFHLURV GH IRUPD D
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GH YXOQHUDELOLGDGHV H[LVWHQWHV RX IDOKDV QD FRQJXUDomR GH
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GHGDQRZRUPVVmRQRWDGDPHQWHUHVSRQViYHLVSRUFRQVXPLU
muitos recursos.
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ORWDURGLVFRUtJLGRGHFRPSXWDGRUHVGHYLGRjJUDQGHTXDQWLGDGHGHFySLDVGHVLPHVPRTXHFRVWXPDPSURSDJDU$OpP
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PHVPRHYLWDUDSURSDJDomRGHXPZRUPpLPSRUWDQWHTXHR
VLVWHPDRSHUDFLRQDOHRVVRIWZDUHVLQVWDODGRVHPVHXFRPSXWDGRUQmRSRVVXDPYXOQHUDELOLGDGHV1RUPDOPHQWHXPZRUP
SURFXUD H[SORUDU DOJXPD YXOQHUDELOLGDGH GLVSRQtYHO HP XP
FRPSXWDGRUSDUDTXHSRVVDVHSURSDJDU3RUWDQWRDVPHGLGDV
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- alterao ou destruio de arquivos.
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QHFHVVLWDVHUH[SOLFLWDPHQWHH[HFXWDGR
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VmRSURJUDPDVTXHYRFrUHFHEHRXREWpPGHDOJXPVLWHHTXH
SDUHFHPVHUDSHQDVFDUW}HVYLUWXDLVDQLPDGRViOEXQVGHIRWRV
GH DOJXPD FHOHEULGDGH MRJRV SURWHWRUHV GH WHOD HQWUH RXWURV
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IRUPDWDURGLVFRUtJLGR([LVWHPWDPEpPFDYDORVGHWUyLDXWLOLzados normalmente em esquemas fraudulentos, que, ao serem
LQVWDODGRVFRPVXFHVVRDSHQDVH[LEHPXPDPHQVDJHPGHHUUR

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD 

2TXHXPFDYDORGHWUyLDSRGHID]HUHPXPFRPSXWDGRU"
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informao antes de levar o usurio ao site real.
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FRPRREMHWLYRGHREWHURVFyGLJRVGHDFHVVR

A soluo para seu concurso

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RX Pi FRQJXUDomR TXH SHUPLWHP HQYHQHQDU D PHPyULD
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IHLWDVSHORVXVXiULRVGHVWHVHUYLGRUVHMDPUHGLUHFLRQDGDVSDUD
RXWURHQGHUHoRVREFRQWUROHGRVLQWUXVRV
(VWHWLSRGHDWDTXHWDPEpPSRGHVHUIHLWRUHPRWDPHQWHRXSRU
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124 = Noes de Informtica

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A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 125

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usurio que est em frente mquina.
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antes. De qualquer forma, quando voc ouvir falar em (encontrar
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Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

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Para evitar a infeco por modem e disquete, siga estas

sugestes:
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HOHV DQWHV GH FRSLiORV SDUD R VHX GLVFR UtJLGR 6DLED TXH R
YtUXVSRGHUiDFKDURFDPLQKRGHXPGLVTXHWHSDUDRVHXGLVFR
UtJLGRVHPTXHYRFrUHDOPHQWHWUDQVUDDUTXLYRVGRGLVTXHWH

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

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PLWHGHQLURHVWLORRWDPDQKRHDFRUGDIRQWHEHP
como o espaamento dos caracteres.
G 2PHQX$UTXLYRSRVVXLRFRPDQGR3URSULHGDGHVTXH
fornece o nmeros de linhas e o nmero de palavras do
GRFXPHQWR
H 2PHQX,QVHULUSRVVXLRFRPDQGR1RWDVTXHSHUPLWHD
LQVHUomRGHQRWDVGHURGDSpHPXPGRFXPHQWR
8) No editor de texto Word, considere um texto com vrios
pargrafos, cada um com vrias linhas e sem nenhuma
formatao inicial. Aps clicar sobre uma palavra de
um pargrafo qualquer e, em seguida, clicar no boto
FHQWUDOL]DUpFRUUHWRDUPDUTXH
D $SHQDVDSDODYUDTXHUHFHEHXRFOLTXHFDUiFHQWUDOL
zada.
E 7RGRRWH[WRFDUiFHQWUDOL]DGR
F $SHQDV D OLQKD TXH FRQWpP D SDODYUD TXH UHFHEHX R
FOLTXHFDUiFHQWUDOL]DGD
G 2SDUiJUDIRTXHFRQWpPDSDODYUDTXHUHFHEHXRFOLTXH
FDUiFHQWUDOL]DGR
H 2SDUiJUDIRTXHFRQWpPDSDODYUDTXHUHFHEHXRFOLTXH
QmRFDUiFHQWUDOL]DGRSRUTXHSDUDTXHLVWRDFRQWHFHV
VHWRGRRSDUiJUDIRGHYHULDWHUVLGRVHOHFLRQDGR

A soluo para seu concurso

9) Para alterar o espaamento entre as linhas de um texto,

utilizando o Word, deve- se,
D QRPHQX)RUPDWDUVHOHFLRQDU3DUiJUDIR
E QRPHQX,QVHULUVHOHFLRQDU3DUiJUDIR
F QRPHQX)HUUDPHQWDVVHOHFLRQDU(QWUH/LQKDV
G QRPHQX$UTXLYRVHOHFLRQDU6DOYDUHFOLFDUHP
Opes.
10) Recortar um texto de um arquivo aberto, col-lo em
outro e, em seguida, aps adicionar uma palavra a este
mesmo texto, cancel-la, utilizando comandos do teclado de um PC em ambiente Windows, considerando um
layout de teclado (Brasil/padro) com o idioma em Portugus, exigir o uso de uma sequncia de combinao
de teclas selecionadas entre as seguintes:
,&WUO;
,,&WUO&
,,,&WUO9
,9&WUO=
9&WUO$
9,&WUO%
9,,$OW;
9,,,$OW&
$VHTXrQFLDFRUUHWDp
D
E
F
G
H

,,,,,9
,9,,,,
,,99,
9,,9,,
9,,,,,,9,

11) Assinale a alternativa incorreta:

D %DFNERQHVmRFLUFXLWRVGHDOWDYHORFLGDGHTXHSRUWDP
DPDLRUFRQFHQWUDomRGHWUiIHJRGD,QWHUQHW
E 85/pXPDVHTXrQFLDGHOHWUDVHVtPERORVTXHUHSUH
VHQWDRHQGHUHoR~QLFRGHXPDSiJLQD:HERXDUTXLYR
na Internet.
F 3OXJLQpXPVRIWZDUHTXHSRGHVHUDGLFLRQDGRDXP
QDYHJDGRUSDUDPHOKRUDUDVXDIXQFLRQDOLGDGH
G $SSOHWV-DYDVmRSHTXHQRVSURJUDPDVTXHIRUQHFHPHIHL
WRVGHPXOWLPtGLDHRXWUDVFDSDFLGDGHVDSiJLQDV:HE
H 2SURWRFROR,3ID]RHPSDFRWDPHQWRHDUHPRQWDJHP
GDPHQVDJHPHQTXDQWRTXHR7&3FXLGDGRHQGHUHoD
mento.
12) Na internet, "domnio" :
D XPDLQWHUIDFHTXHSRVVLELOLWDDH[HFXomRGHSURJUDPDV
VREXPVHUYLGRU
E XPDUTXLYRTXHDUPD]HQDGDGRVVREIRUPDGHWDEHODV
RXPDWUL]HV
F XP VLWH TXH UHVWULQJH R WUiIHJR GH LQIRUPDo}HV QmR
permitidas
G RQRPHXWLOL]DGRSDUDLGHQWLFDUVLWHVQDLQWHUQHW
H D IRUPD PDLV IiFLO H HFD] GH REWHU XPD GLYXOJDomR
EHPVXFHGLGDQDLQWHUQHW

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

140 = Noes de Informtica

13) O Protocolo de Transferncia de Hipertexto um protocolo utilizado para transferncia de dados na World
Wide Web. Esse o protocolo da World Wide Web
(www). Ele transfere dados de hiper mdia (imagens,
sons e textos). Uma de suas caractersticas que geralmente esse protocolo utiliza a porta 80 e ele usado para
comunicao dos sites. O protocolo a que estamos nos
referindo o:
D 6073
E 323
F +773
G )73
H 7&3
14) POP3 e SMTP so, respectivamente:
a) protocolos de recepo e transmisso de correio eletr
nico.
b) servidores de correio eletrnico.
F VLVWHPDGHWUDQVPLVVmRGHLPDJHQVSDUDRPRQLWRU
d) padro de modens de 56kps.
H QHQKXPDGDVDOWHUQDWLYDVDQWHULRUHV
15) Os endereos de sites na internet so desenvolvidos
segundo um conjunto de regras internacionais que deQHPDLQGLFDomRGRSDtVDRTXDOSHUWHQFHRGRPtQLRR
tipo de domnio, o nome do domnio e opcionalmente,
os subdomnios existentes. Seguindo essas regras, para
acessar o site do Tribunal de Justia do Estado de So
Paulo na internet, utilizando o Internet Explorer, o endereo a ser digitado :
D WM#VSJRYEU
E ZZZWMVSJRYEU
F ZZZWULEXQDOGHMXVWLoDVDRSDXORRUJEU
d) www.tjsp.com.br
H ZZZZZZWMVRJRYHGXEU
&RQVLGHUHDJXUDTXHH[LEHDWHODGR:LQGRZV([SORUHUGR:LQGRZV;33URIHVVLRQDOHPVXDFRQJXUDomR
original.

O usurio estava com a tecla _____ pressionada quando

usou o mouse para selecionar os arquivos Aes, Conta-corrente e Poupana.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a
ODFXQDGDDUPDomR

a) Shift
E (VF
c) Ctrl
d) Caps Lock
H $OW
2ERWmRGR:LQGRZV9LVWDHPVXDFRQJXUDomRRULJLnal, que aciona o menu apresentado a seguir,

18) No envio de uma mensagem atravs do Microsoft

Outlook, o campo CCO utilizado para indicar um
destinatrio quando:
D 2 GHVWLQDWiULR p XPD OLVWD SDGUmR GH GLVWULEXLomR GR
2XWORRN
E 2GHVWLQDWiULRQmRSHUWHQFHjOLVWDSDGUmRGHGLVWULEXL
omRGR2XWORRN
F 1mR VH GHVHMD TXH RXWURV GHVWLQDWiULRV GD PHQVDJHP
SHUFHEDPTXHHVVHWDPEpPpXPGHVWLQDWiULRGDPHQ
VDJHP
G 1mRVHGHVHMDTXHHVVHGHVWLQDWiULRUHVSRQGDjPHQVDJHP
H 6HGHVHMDTXHRXWURVGHVWLQDWiULRVGDPHQVDJHPSHUFH
EDPTXHHVVHWDPEpPpXPGHVWLQDWiULRGDPHQVDJHP

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas

A soluo para seu concurso

Noes de Informtica = 141

(PUHODomRD,QWHUQHWH,QWUDQHWDQDOLVHDVDUPDo}HV
abaixo.
I 2SURYHGRUpDHPSUHVDTXHIRUQHFHDFHVVRDRVXVXiULRV
QD,QWHUQHWDWUDYpVGHUHFXUVRVGHKDUGZDUHVHUYLGRUHV
URWHDGRUHVHWFHVRIWZDUHSiJLQDVOLQNVHPDLOHWF
,,2SURYHGRUpDHPSUHVDTXHIRUQHFHDFHVVRDRVXVX
iULRV QD ,QWHUQHW FDEHQGROKH D UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH GH
PDQWHU LQVWDODGRV RV QDYHJDGRUHV H FHUWLFDU RV HQ
GHUHoRV YiOLGRV QD ,QWHUQHW WDLV FRPR KGWS??EUJRY
SLWULEXQDOGHFRQWDV
,,,8PD,QWUDQHWpXPDSODWDIRUPDGHUHGHLQGHSHQGHQWH
FRQHFWDQGRRVPHPEURVGHXPDRUJDQL]DomRXWLOL]DQ
do protocolos padres de Internet.
,9,QWUDQHWpXPDUHGHGHFRPSXWDGRUHVLQWHUOLJDGRVHP
XPDUHGHORFDODWUDYpVGHXP SURYHGRUH[WHUQRFRP
DVIDFLOLGDGHVGD,QWHUQHWPDVTXHDWHQGHVRPHQWHD
HPSUHVDRXFRUSRUDomR
620(17(HVWiFRUUHWRRTXHVHDUPDHP
D ,9
E ,,H,9
c) II e III.
G ,H,9
e) I e III.
20) No Microsoft Excel, as seguintes clulas esto preenchidas:
$ $ $ $ $ 
4XDORUHVXOWDGRGDIyUPXODVHJXLQWH
0e',$$$0;,02$$
a) 0
E 
F 
G 
e) 10
21) No Windows, a forma mais simples para organizar arquivos e pastas usar o::
D 'HVIUDJPHQWDGRUGHGLVFR
E $/LPSH]DGRGLVFR
F :LQGRZV([SORUHU
G &RPDQGR%DFNXS
H 8VDQGRRDWDOKRSDUDDOL[HLUD
1R:LQGRZVDFRPELQDomRGDVWHFODV&WUO(VFVLJQLFD
D )HFKDXPDMDQHODGHXPSURJUDPD
E $EULURPHQX,QLFLDU
F 'HVID]D~OWLPDDomR
G 1mRH[LVWHHVWDIXQomRQR:LQGRZV
H 5HDOL]DSHVTXLVD

A soluo para seu concurso

23) A tecla Print Screen tem por objetivo:

D $EULURPHQX,QLFLDU
E 5HDOL]DUSHVTXLVDV
F $YDQoDUHQWUHLWHQVGHXPGRFXPHQWR
G 5HLQLFLDURFRPSXWDGRU
H &DSWXUDUXPDWHODSDUDFRODUHPSURJUDPDVFRPRR3DLQW
24) No Windows, quando se deseja apagar um arquivo selecionado, sem envi-lo para a lixeira, deve-se pressionar
as teclas
D $/7H'(/(7(


E )H'(/(7(
F &75/H'(/(7(


G (17(5H'(/(7(
H 6+,)7H'(/(7(
25) Os cabealhos e rodaps em um documento MS-Word
2007 so construdos a partir do menu
a) Reviso.
E ([LELomR
c) Correspondncia.
G /D\RXWGH3iJLQD
e) Inserir.
26) Dentro da clula de uma tabela no Word, o deslocamento para a direita a partir do incio da primeira linha do
texto pode ser realizado com:
D DWHFOD7$%
E DVWHFODV&75/7$%
F DVWHFODV6+,)77$%
G DVWHFODV$/77$%
H DVWHFODV$/7)
27) Utilizando-se o Word, para alterar a cor da fonte de um
texto, utiliza-se o cone:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
(PUHODomRjVWDEHODVQR:RUGpFRUUHWRDUPDUTXHp
possvel
a DFRQYHUVmRGHXPWH[WRHPWDEHODHGHXPDWDEHODHPWH[WR
E D FRQYHUVmRGHXPWH[WRHPWDEHODPDVQmR GHXPD
WDEHODHPWH[WR
F LQVHULU DSHQDV FpOXODV LQGLYLGXDLV HP XPD WDEHOD Mi
H[LVWHQWH
G LQVHULU DSHQDV FROXQDV j HVTXHUGD HP XPD WDEHOD Mi
H[LVWHQWH
H LQVHULU VRPHQWH FROXQDV j GLUHLWD HP XPD WDEHOD Mi
H[LVWHQWH

Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas Soluo Apostilas SoluoApostilas

 1Ro}HVGH,QIRUPiWLFD

9) As planilhas eletrnicas atuais permitem a realizao de

diversos clculos com vrios tipos de valores numricos.
&RPUHODomRDHVVHVFiOFXORVSRGHVHDUPDUTXH
D XPD VXEWUDomR HQWUH GRLV Q~PHURV FRP IRUPDWR GH
SRUFHQWDJHP UHVXOWD HP XP Q~PHUR HP IRUPDWR GH
moeda apenas se o primeiro valor for positivo.
E 6HGXDVFpOXODVQDPHVPDSODQLOKDSRVVXHPYDORUHV
LJXDLVDVXEWUDomRGHXPDSHODRXWUDUHVXOWDQHFHVVD
ULDPHQWHHPXPQ~PHURQHJDWLYR
c) Um nmero em formato de data precisa ser convertido
HPRXWURIRUPDWRDQWHVGHVHUXWLOL]DGRHPTXDOTXHU
FiOFXORDULWPpWLFR
G 8PFiOFXORUHDOL]DGRHQWUHQ~PHURVFRPIRUPDWRGH
GDWDUHVXOWDHPXPQ~PHURFRPIRUPDWRGHGDWD
H 6HGXDVFpOXODVQDPHVPDSODQLOKDSRVVXHPYDORUHV
LJXDLVDGLYLVmRGHXPDSHODRXWUDUHVXOWDQHFHVVD
ULDPHQWHQDUDL]TXDGUDGDGHVVHUHIHULGRYDORU
30) uma opo do item FERRAMENTAS DE SISTEMA
do Windows XP:
D ([FHO
b) opes de acessibilidade
c) ferramentas administrativas
G GHVIUDJPHQWDGRUGHGLVFR
H FRQH[}HVGHUHGH
H :RUG
31) Um usurio, utilizando o MS Excel, copiou o contedo
da clula E7 (que era =$A4+B12+G$21). Ao colar tal
contedo na clula J20, obteve o seguinte resultado
D $*/
E $*0
F $**
G $*/
H $*/

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