A

abandon s.n. 1. {de dreptur) (dr.)

desertion/renunciation of rights 2. (a/
navei, al ncrcturi) (mar.) abandonment 3. (retragerea dintr-o operaiune
cu prim contra cedrii unei prime)
{bur.) abandon
~ pe mare rea - abandon in heavy sea
abandona v.t. 1. (drepttiri, pretenii) to
relinquish, to waive 2. (nava, ncarctura etc.) to abandon, to leave
abandonare s.f. 1. (de drepturi, pretenii) relinquishment 2. abandonment,
abandoning
~ a navei - (de ntregul echipqf, cnd
nava nu mai poate fi salvaa)
abandonment of ship
~ a postului - dereliction ofduty
~ a produsului - (a prodncerii i a
comercializru acestuia) product abandonment/elimination
~ a unui bun - (asig. mar.) dereliction
abandonat adj. {asig. mar.) abandoned, derelict
~ temporar - temporarily abandoned
abata v.t. (a exploata un zcmdn} to
work
abataj s.f. 1. (loc) coal-face. stope,
workings 2. (aciune') mining. cutting,
hewing 3. (al arborilor) felling 4. (al
vitelor) slaughter
abate v.t. 1. (din drnm) to turn oft7
aside/away, to divert, to deviate: to
sheer, to v.'ander, 10 escape 2. (mar.} to
steer off 3. (a/'boti) to fcll v.r. {de la}
(dr.) to iniriiige, to vioaie, to
transgress

abatere s.f. 1. tuming off/away, diverting,

deviation 2. (dr.) infringe-ment,
violation,
transgression;
trespass(ing) 3. {de la regul)
exception
~ de la datorie - breach ofduty
~ din drum - (niar.) deviation
~ disciplinar - misbehaviour,
infraction ofdiscipline
~ medie - mean deviation
~ standard (concept statistic care
indic gradul de deviere a unei serii de
datefa de un etalon central) standard
deviation
abator s.n. slaughterhouse, abattoir
abona v.r. (la} to subscribe ('to), to
become a subscriber (to)
abonament s.n. 1. (la ziar) subscription 2. (ca pref} subscription price/rate;
(la restaurant} reduced price for regular
customers 3. (la teatru, tramvai etc.) season
ticket; (a tren, aiitobnz} (SUA) commutation
ticket; (a restaitrant) luncheon voucher, book
of luncheon vouchers, {SUA} (rednced--pnce)
meal ticket
a face un ~ (la) - to subscribe (to), to become a
subscnber (to) abonat s.m. {la ziar, televiziune
etc.) subscriber; (la ren, tramvai etc.) seasonticket holder, regular traveller;
(la eiectricitaf.e, ap etc.) consumer;
(telefonic) telephone user: {'ia resiauranf)
runcheoii-voucher iioider, (SUA) meal-ticket
lioldei aiiorda v.i. {u ucosta) (mar.) to moor, to
land, to put ashore v.t. 1. (a se ciocni

12

de) (mar.) to collide with, to run foul of, to

come into collision with 2. (o problem, un
subiect) to tackle, to deal with 3. (in grup o
societate-mam cu filialele ei n scopuri
contabile) to consolidate
abordaj s.n. (mar.) collision abordare s.f.
(in grup a unei societi--mam cu filialele
ei n scopuri con-tabile) consolidation
~ planificat - (pentru elaborarea situaiei
fluxului de numerar) (cont.) schedule
approach
abrevia v.t. to abbreviate, to abridge, to
shorten
abreviere s.f. abbreviation abroga v.t. to
abrogate, to annul, to repeal, to abolish
abrogare s.f. abrogation, annulment,
rescission, abolishment absent adj. (de Id)
absent, missing (from), not present (at) s.m.
absentee ~ involuntar - (de la locul de
munc) involuntary absentee absenta v.i.
to be absent/missing absenteism^.n.
absenteeism absenteist s.m. 1. absentee 2.
(proprie-tar funciar care nu locuiete pe
terenul pe care l-a dat n arenda) absentee
landlord, remittance man absen s.f.
absence; nonattendance ~ de la domiciliu nonresidence ~ de la serviciu - (repetat i
nemo-tivat) absenteeism
~ franuzeasc -(far nvoire) French
leave
~ nemotivat - absence without leave
absolvent..w. graduate absolvi v.t. 1. (un
institut superior) to graduate (from) 2. (dr.)
to acquit, to fmd / to pronounce not guilty

ABO-ACA

absorbie s.f. (preluarea unei societi de

ctre o alta mai mare) absorption,
combination
abstinen
s.f.
1.
(periodica)
abstinence; (de durat) abstemiousness 2.
(eliminarea unor consumuri individuale
curente i alocarea unei pri mai mari de
venit pentru sporirea capitalului cu scopul
de a mri producia
de
bunuri
economice viitoare} abstention
abunden s.f. abundance, plenty;
(bogie) richness, wealth, overflow
abuz s.f. 1. (exces) abuse, excess,
intemperance 2. (inelciune) abuse,
deceit, fraud 3. (nclcare) encroachment, transgression; (ilegalitate) illegal
action
~ de autoritate - abuse of authority
~ de drept - abuse of distress, misuse
oflaw
~ de funcie - abuse of office
~ de ncredere - abuse of confidence/
tmst, breach of tmst
~ de putere - abuse of discretion, use
ofundue authority, misfeasance
a face ~ de - to make too free a use of,
to indulge too freely in
a face ~ de putere - to override one's
commission
acalmie s.f. (pe piaa bursier) lull
acapara v.t. (o marf cu scopul de a
controla furnizarea ei) to buy up;
(mrfuri, aciuni) to comer; (mrfuri n
scop speculativ) to forestall; {a
monopoliza) to monopolize, to engross
acaparare s.f. buying up; comering,
forestalling; coemption acaparator adj.
forestalling; monopo-lizing; acquisitive
s.m. forestaller,

ACA-ACC

buyer-up, speculative buyer, monopolizer; {de alimente) food hoarder

acaret s.n. 1. (dependin) annex,
outbuilding 2. pl. household implements; agricultural/farming implements
3.pl. (afr-.)chattel
accelera v. t. (dezvoltared) to forward
accelerator s.m. (principiu care evideniaz o relaie direct ntre volumul
investiiilor nete i modificarea venitului national) accelerator
accept s.n. 1. (cambie acceptat/
andosat de o banc) acceptance,
accepted bill 2. (acord de acceptare a
unei cambii, ncheiat ntre importator
sau exportator i banc) acceptance
credit
~ bancar - bank/banker's acceptance
~ curat/fr rezerve/meniuni - clean
acceptance
~ de garanie colateral - (pentru un
mprumuf) collateral acceptance
accepta v.t. 1. to accept; (o oferta) to
accept, to agree to, to close with 2. (p
cambie, un bilet la ordin la scaden
sau naintea scadene) to take up
acceptabil adj. acceptable; (despre
preur) reasonable, fair
acceptant.s'.w. acceptor
~ pentru onoare - (al unei cambii)
acceptor for honour
~ sub protest - {al unei cambi)
acceptor supra protest

acceptare s.f. acceptance

~ a mrcii - (de ctre consumatori)
brand acceptance
~ a succesiunii acceptance of an
estate

~ a titlurilor - {dobndirea de titluri

la termen) accept delivery
~ bancar - bank//banker's acceptance

13

~ condiional - (a unei oferte de

ctre cumprtor dac primete unele
faciliti) conditional acceptance
~ contra documente - acceptance
against documents
~ de complezen - accomodation
acceptance
~ de consumatori - (a unui produs)
consumer acceptance
~ n alb - acceptance in blank, blank
acceptance
~ n caz de necesitate - acceptance m
case ofneed
~ necondiionat/fr rezerve unconditional/general acceptance
~ parial - partial acceptance
~ pentru cotare - (a aciunilor unei
societi la bursa) admission to
quotation
~ pentru onoare - (a unei cambii
neacceptate/nepltite) acceptance for
honour
~ special/cu rezerve - special/
qualified acceptance
~ sub protest - acceptance supra
protest
acces s.n. access
~ legal - (dreptul unor persoane de a
intra pe o proprietate, de a avea acces
la unele documente) (dr.) legal access
~ liber - free access
accesibil
adj.
accessibile,
approachable; (despre preur) popular
accesibilitate s.f. 1. accessibility,
accessibleness, approachability 2.
(numrul de indivizi care recepioneaza mesajul unei campanii publicitare) reach
accesoriu adj. accessory, incidental;
secondary, collateral s.n. pl.
appurtenances

14

accident.s'.n. accident ~ asigurat - insured

accident ~ cauzat terilor - accident to
third party
~ de exploatare - shop/mill accident ~ de
munc - industrial/labour/work accident
~ maritim - marine/maritime casualty,
accident at sea
acciz s.n. excise (duty/tax); inland duty a
impune plata accizelor - to excise
accizars.m. exciseman achita v.t. 1. (a
plt) to pay, to settle, to discharge, to
defray; (a stinge o datorie) to extinguish;
(parial) to compound; (integral) to pay off;
(in rate mic) to pay out; (la timp) to pay
up; (taxele vamale) to clear up; (o cambie
nainte de scadenta) to retire 2. (dr.) to
acquit, to discharge achitare s.f. 1. (plata)
payment, settlement, discharge,
defrayal, defrayment; (a taxelor
vamale) clearance; (a unei cambii nainte
de scaden) retirement 2. {dr.) acquittal,
absolution-, (de ctre jurai)
deliverance; {de ctre judectorul de
instrucie) discharge
~ a dobnzilor la un mprumut -service of
a loan
~ ntr-o singur tran - single payment
achizitor s.m. acquirer, buyer,
purchaser
achiziie s.f. 1. (cumprtur) purchase,
acquisition 2. {achiziionare) purchase,
purchasing, acquiring, buying ~
condiionat - memorandum buying

ACC-ACO
~ de susinere - (pentru a preveni
scderea cursului unor aciuni la
burs) support purchase
~ speculativ - (cumprarea de bunuri
sau de valori mobiliare cu scopul de a
le revinde ulterior cu profif) speculation acquisition
achiziiona v.t. to purchase, to acquire,
to buy
achiziionare s.f. purchasing,
acquisition, acquiring
acont s.n. (plat partiala) part/partial
payment, payment on account, sum
paid on account; (prima rata) first
instalment, down payment; (arvun)
eamest money, handsel; (avans)
advance (money), {care asigur
prioritate la cumprare sau vnzare n
condiii prestabilite) option money;
(pltit la semnarea contractului de
nchiriere) key money
a plti un ~ cuiva - to pay smb. a sum on
account/a first instalment aconta v.t. to pay
on account (for), to pay/to give eamest
money (for)
acoperi v.t. 1. {bur., fm.) to cover; (un
deficit) to make vip, to raeet 1. (un risc)
(asig.) to cover
acoperire s.f. 1. (bur., fin.) coverage;
(tranzacii de acoperire pe piaa bursier
prin contracte la termen) covering;
(pperaiune de contracarare a riscurilor ce
pot decurge dn fluctu-aiile cursurilor la
bursele de mrfuri, din variaiile preurilor
n tranzaciile de comer exterior sau ale
cursurilor de schimb) hedging 2. (a unui
risc) (asig.) cover, coverage 3. (procentul
de consumatori ai unei piee-int care au
cel puin o ocazie de a recepiona un

15

ACO-ACO

niesaj publicitar n timpul tinei

campani) coverage
~ a dividendelor - (indicator care
arata de cte ori pot fi pltite
dividendele din proftul net al unei
societ) dividend cover
~ a dobnzii - (indicator care arat de
cte ori pot fi pltite dobnzile unei
ntreprinderi din profitul su brut)
interest cover
~ a monedei - backing of currency
~ a posibilitilor de vnzare - (raportul dintre numrul estimat de clieni
i numrul pe care l poate deservi un
agent de vnzri) sales coverage
~ bancar {garantare parial a
bancnotelor de ctre banca de
emisiune cu ajutorul unui portofoliu de
titluri de valoare, devize convertibile
etc.) banking cover
~ continental - (asigurare auto
britanic oferit persoanelor care se
deplaseaz pe continentul european)
continental cover
~ efectiv/real - (campanie publicitar care reia de cel puin patru ori
un mesaj publicitar) effective/four-plus
cover
~ excedentar - (cumprarea unui
numr mai mare de titluri dect pot f
vndute) (bur.) long position, bull
account/position
~ financiar - backing
~ insuficient - (bur.) short covering,
bear account/position
~ n aciuni - (situaia unei societi
anonime, care nu mai desfoar activitate economicq, dar care are nc
existen juridci) bare shell

~ n aur {gradul de acoperire a

bancnotelor aflate n circulaie) gold
cover
~ la termen - (bur.) forward cover
~ minim necesar - (bur.) minimum
margin requirements
~ monetar - (cantitatea de valori
relativ certe - aur, valute convertibile
etc. deinute obligatoriu de ctre
bncile de emisiune i exprimat
printr-un procent din suma total a
emisiumi monetare} currency cover
~ prin active - (fin.) asset cover
a avea ~ - to be covered, to hold
security
a nu avea ~ - to be uncovered, to lack
security
acord s.n. agreement; arrangement
~ anulabil - cancellable agreement
~ asupra navlului - (mar.) rate
agreement
~ asupra tarifelor vamale
tariff/union agreement
~ bilateral - bilateral agreement
~ colectiv - collective agreement
~ comercial - trade agreement
~ comercial reciproc/pe baz de
reciprocitate - (cu reducerea taxelor
vamale) reciprocal trade agreement
~ comercial i de pli - trade
agreement and payment
~ contractual restrictiv - (care
interzice anumite acium) (dr.)
restrictive covenant
~ cu creditorii - (concordat) private
arrangement, deed of arrangemeiw
assignment
~ de angajare - (de for de munca
necesara pentru anumite lucrri,
ncheiat ntre patronat i sindicate)
manning agreement

16

~ de arbitraj - arbitration agreement ~ de

asociere - (la CEE) association agreement
~ de barter - barter agreement ~ de cliring
- clearing agreement ~ de colaborare working agreement ~ de consoriu consortium agreement
~ de constituire a unui sindicat -syndicate
agreement
~ de cooperare economic
internaional - intemational eco-nomic
cooperation agreement ~ de credit cu
rennoire automat -revolving credit
agreement ~ de cumprare cu plata n
rate -(proprietatea asupra produsului devenind efectiv n momentul livrri) deferred
payment agreement ~ de evitare a dublei
impuneri -agreement to avoid double
taxation ~ de fixare a preurilor de
revnzare - {sistem de vnzare n care
preurile la ultimul consumator sunt
stabilite de productor) {SUA) fair-trade
agree-ment
~ de garantare a investiiilor -guaranteed
investment agreement ~ de indexri
salariale - (prevzut ntr-un contract de
munc pentru situaia n care preurile cu
amnuntul depesc un anumit nivel)
threshold agreement
~ de pli - payment agreement ~ de
productivitate - (ntre sindicate i
patronat, prin care mririle salariale sunt
condiionate de creterea produc-tivitii)
productivity agreement ~ de rscumprare
- (a titlurilor de valoare} repurchase
agreement

ACO-ACO

~ de reealonare a datoriei externe standstill/rescheduling agreement ~ de

transfer - (convenie ntre dou ri privind
fluxul plilor interna-ionale) transfer
agreement ~ de vnzare - agreement to sell
~ de vnzare pe credit - credit sale
agreement
~ del credere - del credere agreement ~
economic - economic agreement ~ exclusiv
de vnzri - (intre furnizor i comerciantul
local) exclusive sales agreement
~ fr concesii/compromisun - 'har
bargain
~ general de mprumut - (al FMI) general
arrangement to borrow ~ global - overall
agreement, bargain by thejob/lump,
package deal ~ internaional de produse
-intemational agreement for goods ~ ntre
debitor i creditori - (n caz de fahment)
(dr.) scheme of composition/arrangement
between debtor and creditors
~ multilateral - multilateral agreement ~
mutual - (incheiat ntre dou sau mai multe
state, care prevede faciliti de natur
comercial} reciprocity, mutual agreement
~ prealabil - previous agreement ~
prezidenial - (incheiat de preedinte cu
un stat strin, care nu necesit aprobarea
senatulu} (SUA) executive agreement ~
scris - agreement in writing ~ stand-by (ncheiat
cu
FMI)
stand--by
agreement/arrangement ~ -tip - pattem
setting agreement ~ verbal - verbal/oral
agreement a fi pltit n ~ - to be paid by the
job

ACO-ACT

acorda v.t. 1. {a da, a aloca) to grant;

to give; (a permite) to allow, to permit;
(a decernd) to award; (un drept, un
privilegiu) to licence, to charter 2. (un
termen) (dr.) to respite
~ cuiva un mprumut - to
accommodate smb. with a loan
~ daune - interese - to award
damages
acordare s.f. granting; giving
~ de aciuni angajailor - (la
societatea n care lucreaz)
coownership/copartnership of industry
~ de consultan pentru recuperarea
datoriilor - debt counselling
~ de licene de fabricaie - licensing
~ de rabaturi - discounting
acosta v.i. to moor, to land, to come/to
handle/to haul alongside; to berth, to
wharf
~ n bune condiii - to make a safe
landing
acreditivs.n. letter of credit
~ colectiv - general letter ofcredit
~ confirmat - confirmed letter of
credit
~ cu livrri ealonate - letter of credit
with spread-out deliveries
~ de export - export letter ofcredit
~ deschis - open credit
~ direct - direct letter of credit
~ documentar - documentary letter of
credit
~ dublu - back-to-back letter of credit
~ irevocabil - irrevocable letter of
credit
~ n alb - (cu suma nespecifcat)
blank credit
~ limitat - limited letter of credit
~ neconfrmat - unconfirmed letter of
credit

17

~ nominal - straight letter of credit

~ pltibil n trane - instalment letter
of credit
~ rennoit automat - revolving credit
~ revocabil - revocable letter of credit
~ simplu - simple credit
~ subsidiar - subsidiary letter ofcredit
~ transferabil - transferable letter of
credit
~ utilizabil prin cambii - letter of
credit useful by bills of exchange
acru s.m. (unitate de suprafaa} acre
act s.n. 1. (fapt) act, action 2. (dr.)
deed, act, document; legal instrument;
writ; pl. judicial acts; (certifcat)
certificate
~ adiional - addendum, rider
~ de avarie comun - (mar.) general
average
~ de cesiune - deed of assignment/
conveyance
~ de conHscare a ncrcturii seizure note
~ de constatare (asupra ncrcturif) statement notice; (expertiz)
survey report
~ de constatare a cruului - (pentru
starea mrfif) (mar.) carrier's
statement
~ de depozit n garanie - bailment
~ de depunere a mrfurilor n
consignaie - consignment
~ de donaie - deed of gift
~ de faliment - act ofbankruptcy
~ de garanie de depozitare warehouse bond
~ de garanie pentru tranzit - transit
bond
~ de ncredinare spre custodie deed of tmst
~ de nsoire - (factur) bill ofparcels

18

~ de lichidare a daunei - (asig.) claim

release and discharge
~ de lichidare n vam - {mar.) clearance
note
~ de lichidare n vam la intrare -(mar.)
inward clearance bill/certificate, entry
certificate
~ de naionalitate - (a navei) certificate
ofregistry ~ de navigaie - marine
document ~ de proprietate - deed
ofproperty ~ de rzboi - act ofwar ~ de
recepie - acceptance certificate ~ de
revizie vamal special - bill of sight
~ de subrogare - subrogation form ~ de
transfer - (al unei propriet) conveyance;
(de titluri de vaoare) deed of transfer,
transfer deed ~ de vnzare - bill of sale ~
de vnzare absolut - (fr ipotecarea
mrfi) absolute bill of sale ~ de vnzare
condiionat - (cu ipotecarea nirfi)
conditional bill of sale
~ justifcativ/probant - supporting
document, document in proof/support,
documentary evidence ~
notarial
notarial act/deed, solicitor's deed
~ oficial - official document ~ public public document acte ale navei - (de
registru i de companie) ship's/vessel's
documents/ papers
~ comerciale - acts of commerce activ s.n.
(i pl.) (cont., dr., fin.) asset(s)
~ de capital - (activ pe termen lung deinut
n special pentru activitatea normal
afirme) capital asset

ACT-ACT

~ i pasiv - assets and liabilities active

acceptate (drept garanie de o banca)
bankable assets ~ agresive - (active cu un
coeficient beta mai mare dect cel al
piee) (bur.) aggressive assets ~
amortizabile - depreciable assets ~ blocate
- frozen assets ~ circulante/curente (elemente de acliv absorbite i
transformate n ciclul deproducie)
circulating/current assets ~ circulante nete
- net quick assets ~ comerciale/de
exploatare -commercial/operating assets
~ convertibile n lichiditi - quick/
realizable assets
~ corporale/tangibile - tangible/ physical
assets '" cu risc - risk assets
~ curente temporare - (active circu-lante
cufluctuaii sezoniere sau ciclice)
temporary current assets ~ epuizabile/cu
durat limitat de exploatare - {inine,
cariere etc., care se epuizeaz n timp)
wasting assets ~ eventuale - contingent
assets ~ fictive - fctitions assets ~
fnanciare - financial assets ~ fxe - fixed
assets ~ foarte lichide - quick assets ~ de
rezerv - reserve assets ~ imobilizate permanent assets ~ inepuizabile nonwasting assets ~ n curs de fabricaie (cont.) work in process/progress
~ lichide/disponibile - liquid/
available/cash assets
~minimale - (rezerve minime ale unei
bnc} minimal assets ~mobiliare personal assets ~ monetare - monetary
assets

ACT-AC

19

~ necorporale/intangibile - (brevete,
licene, mrci de fabric etc.)
intangible assets
~ nelichide - illiquid assets
~ nete - (activul contabil minus pasivul

~ de transport maritim - shipping

industry
~ fr perspectiv - termmal/dead-endjob
~ prevzut n buget - budgeted

exigibif) net assets

activity

~ nominale - {in contabilitatea n

partid dubl) nominal assets
~ ponderate cu riscul aferent - (fn.)
risk-adjusted assets
~ productive - productive assets; (care
aduc dobnda) (fin.) active assets
~ reale - real assets
~ sensibile la dobnd - interest-sensitive assets
~ sociale - company's assets
~ stagnante - (care nu pot fi vndute
rapid contra numerar) slow assets
~ subevaluate - hidden assets
~ succesorale - (dr.) legal assets, net
estate

activitate s.f. activity; (comerciala)

business; (lucru, munca) work
~ bancar - banking
~ bancar de baz - basic banking
~ bancar de la domiciliul clientului
- (prin telefon sau calculator) home
banking
~ bancar electronic - electronic
banking
~ bancar prin intermediul
sucursalelor - branch banking
~ comercial frauduloas - (activitate
desfurat n timpul derulrii
procedurilor defaliment i nedeclarat
la tribunat) fraudulent trading
~ de atragere de depozite - (a unei
bnc) deposit - taking business
~ de consilier n problemele
salariailor - employee counselling

~ principal/de baz - core activity/

business
~ public - public activity
actualizare s.f. 1. bringing up-to-date
2. (raionament economic prin care se
determin evaluarea prezent a unui
activ, a unui venit, a unei utiliti
viitoare) net present value method
actualiza v.t. to bring up-to-date, to
update
actuar^.m. actuary
actuarial adj. actuarial
aciona v.i. to act, to take action; to
proceed v.t. (p main, un utilaj) to

operate, to set in action/motion, to mn

~ conform instruciunilor - to
proceed as directed
~ n calitate de - to act in one's
capacity
~ n judecat pe cineva - to bring/to
take an action against smb., to sue smb.
acionar s.m. shareholder; stockholder;
(care contribuie la plata datoriilor n caz
de lichidare a societi} contributory
al unei societi de investiii
fnanciare - unit-holder ~ deintor de
aciuni nominale -stockholder ofrecord
~ deintor de aciuni prefereniale preference shareholder ~ majoritar principal/controlling shareholder ~
minoritar - minority shareholder

20____________________________

actiune s.f. 1. action, act 2. (dr.) legal action, lawsuit, action at law
3. (titlu de valoare) share; stock
~ ascunsa - (forma de manifestare a hazardului moral intr-o
relatie con-tractuald incompletd) hidden action ~ civila - civil
action ~ comerciala - venture ~ de aur - (actiune care li conferd
detindtorului drept de control asupra societdtii respective) golden
share ~ directa (presiuni exercitate de muncitori asupra
patronatului prin greve, proteste etc.) direct action ~ grevista strike struggle ~ indirecta - (actiune publicitard care urmdreste
promovarea prestigiului unei firme sou al unei mdrci $i nu
vdnzarea propriu-zisd de produse) indirect action
~ judiciara - legal action, lawsuit, action at law
~ in anulare - (dr.) nullity suit, action v>i WiwAttvyiA ~ in
etape/trepte - step action ~ in restituire - (dr.) action for
restauration, restitutio in integrum;
trover
~ mixta - (civila si penald) mixed
action
~ pentru daune - action for damages
~ reala - (pentru arestarea unei nave)
(mar.) action in rem
~ reconventionala - (dr.) cross action
~ subrogatorie - (dr.) indirect action
actiuni achitate integral - fully paid
shares
~ active - (frecvent tranzactionate)
active shares
~ ale administratorilor - (acfiuni pe
care administratorii unei societdti

____________________ACT-ACT

anonime sunt obligati sd Ie depund ca garantie a

responsabilitdtii lor pe toatd durata mandatului)
qualifying shares ~ ale companiilor care
exploateaza plantatii - (de tutun, cafea etc.)
plantations
~ ale companiilor de navigatie -shipping shares
~ ale salariatilor - staff shares ~ ale societatilor de
servicii publice -public utilities
~ ale societatilor din industria aviatica - aviation
shares ~ ale societatilor din industria cauciucului
- rubbers ~ ale societatilor din industria
distractiilor/spectacolelor - (cinema, televiziune,
teatru) amusement/ entertainment shares
~ ale societatilor din industria de automobile automotive shares, motors
~ ale societatilor din industria mulwaL - mming,
shares ~ ale societatilor din industria textila
- textiles
~ ale societatilor din industria
tutunului - tobaccos
~ ale societatilor din sectorul
asigurarilor - insurance shares
~ ale societatilor din sectorul
comercial - commercials
~ ale societatilor din sectorul
extractiei si al prelucrarii aurului gold shares
~ ale societatilor din sectorul
extractiei si al prelucrarii cuprului coppers
~ alfa - (foarte sigure i rentabile)
alpha shares, blue chips

ACT-ACT

~ amanate - (cu plata dividendelor

dupd ce toate celelalte tipuri de actiuni
aufost achitate) - deferred shares
~ americane - (ale societdtilor din
SUA) Yankees
~ atractive - (frecvent tranzactionate)
leaders
~ australiene - (ale societdtilor din
Australia, mai ales din industria
minierd si a prelucrdrii tutunului)
Kangaroos
~ - barometru - barometer stock
~ comune/obisnuite - common/
ordinary shares/stock, equity shares
~ cotate/listate - listed shares
~ cu drept de vot - voting shares
~ cu drept de vot restrictiv restricted voting shares
~ cu drepturi multiple de vot multiple voting shares
~ cu perspective de crestere - growth
shares/stock
~ cu profit mare - high yielders
~ cu sau fara drept de vot - (SUA)
classified common stock
~ de compensare - (actiuni ale
statului oferite in compensate actionarilor de la unele societdti nationalizate)
compensation stock
~ de folosinta - (titlu emis in locul
unei acfiuni rambursate si care da
drept la o parte din activele ce ar
rezulta din lichidarea societdtii) bonus
shares
~ de fondator - founder's/vendor's
shares

~ de tezaur - (actiuni comune

rdscumpdrate de societatea emitentd de
la actionari) (SUA) Treasury
shares/stock

21

~ detinute de public - outstanding

shares
~ divizate (in alte actiuni cu valoare
mai mica) split shares
~ emise la preturi foarte scazute (pentru speculatii) penny stock
~ emise pentru obtinerea de
lichiditati - cash capital/shares
~ excedentare - (actiuni preferentiale
necumpdrate la emisiune de actionarii
existent!) excess shares
~ fara drept de vot - nonvoting/
voteless shares
~ fara valoare nominala - shares of
no par value/without par value,
unvalued shares
~ feroviare - (ale companiilor
feroviare) railway/rail shares, rails;
(SUA) railroads
~
fictive/diluate
(emise prin
supraevaluarea activelor) watering stock,
waters
~ gemene (actiunile a doud societdti
independente din punct de vedere juridic
care au aceiasi actionari) twin shares
~ gratuite - (emise pe baza rezervelor de
capital ale societdtii si care sunt distribute
actionarilor existenti proportional cu
actiunile detinute) bonus issue/shares
~ indivize -joint shares ~ industriale (emise
de
societdti
comerciale
industriale) industrial shares, industrials
~ la moda (foarte cdutate pentru o
scurtd perioadd de timp) fashion shares ~
la purtator - bearer shares, shares to
bearer
~ la societati de investitii financiare trust units

22

ACT-ACU

~ manageriale - management/
managers' shares
~ marcate - (al cdror certificat de
acfiuni poartd dovada exercitdrii
drepturilor specifice) marked shares
~ neparticipative - (care nil participd
la profit, dar au un dividend fix)
nonparticipating shares
~ nepreferentiale/neprivilegiate ordinary/common shares/stock
~ nesigure - bazaar shares
~ noi - (emise in cadrul cresterii
capitahdui social) new shares
~ nominale - registered shares/stock
~ petroliere - {ale companiilor
petroliere) oil shares
~ preferentiale - (cu plata prioritard a
dividendelor) preference/preferred
shares, senior shares/stock
~ preferentiale cumulative - {cu
dividend cumulativ) cumulative
preference/preferred shares/stock
~ preferentiale cumulative $i cu participare deplina - fully participating
and cumulative preference/preferred
shares/stock
~ preferentiale necumulative - (jard
dividend cumulativ) noncumulative
preference/preferred shares/stock
~ preferentiale nerecuperabile - (pe
care societatea emitentd nu are dreptui
sd Ie rdscumpere) irredeemable
preference/preferred shares/stock
~ purtatoare de dividende - dividend-beanng shares
~ revocabile (pe care emitentui isi
rezervd dreptui de a Ie rdscumpdra)
revocable shares
~ staiutate - (nunicn' obli^iilo rlu de
actiuni pe cafe o petsoui'ici irebui.e su u;
detind pciilru a Candida, ca inembru m

^^,.

consiliul de administratie al societdtii

respective) directors '/qualification
shares
~ subevaluate - (dar cu posibilitdti de
redresare) recovery shares
~ sud-africane - (al societdtilor din
Africa de Sud, mai ales din indiistria
extractiei de aur) Kaffirs
~ suplimentare - (emise in contui
dividendelor) scrips
~ tranzactionate in afara bursei over-the-counter shares
~ vechi - {care, la o eventuald
emisiune, va avea o valoare mai mica
decdt o actiune noua) old shares
acumula v.t. to accumulate, to amass;
(rezerve) to pile, to lay aside/by; (barn) to
hoard up; (a inmagazina) to store; (a spori) to
increase, to augment v.i. (a creste, a se mdri) to
accrue acumulare s.f. \. accumulation 2.
(mdrirea valoru unui activ prin crestere
naturala) accretion; accrual ~ de capital accumulation
of
capital,
capital
accumulation/formation ~
primara
primary/original accumulation
acuza v.t. 1. (de) to accuse (of), to charge
(with) 2. (dr.) to prosecute, to sue, to bring/to
enter/to lay an action/a charge against, to
proceed against; (im functionar public) to
impeach acuzare s.f. \. accusation 2. (dr.)
charge; (inculpare) inculpation, imputation,
mcrimmation; (penald) arraignment; (a unui
functionar public) impeachment; (pentru
diverse vmi) indictment
a punc pe ciiiyva '^ib ~ - to commit smb. for
tii^l, to .i.'.icH^i smb.

ADA-ADM

adaos s.n. 1. addition; {spor, crestere)

increase, increment, rise; (plus) extra;
(supliment) supplement; {completare)
completion, appendage, pendant;
(anexd) annex; (accesoriu) accessory 2.
(amendament) amendment; (la o lege, un
document) additional clause, rider;
(la un testament} codicil; (la o polita)
slip
~ comercial - (trade) markup
~ la greutate - makeweight
adauga v.t. to add
adaptabilitate s.f. adaptability
~ a factorilor de productie (capacitated de asociere a unei unitati
dintr-nn factor cu mai miilte unitati din
alt factor de productie) production
factors adaptability
adecvat adj. adequate; (potrivit) fit,
suitable
adept 5. m. partisan, follower, adherent;
(sprijinitor) supporter, backer,
advocate
~ al cartelarii - cartelist
"- al economiei planificate/dirijate statist
adeverinta s.f. {certificat) certificate;
(de primire) receipt; {cupon)
counterfoil; (recipisa de depunere a
marfurilor) warrant; {atestat)
attestation
~ de vama pentru provizii de bord (mar.) ship's store bond
a elibera o ~ - to draw up/to issue a
certificate
aditional adj. additional, extra;
(suplimentar) supplementary
adjudeca v.t. {la licitatie) to knock
down
adjudecatar s.m. (la licitatie) highest
bidder, successful tenderer

23

adjunct adj. deputy...; assistant s.m.

deputy; assistant
administra v.t. {a conduce) to manage, to
administer; to husband; to superintend;
(o afacere) to carry on, to run; (prost,
incompetent) to mismanage administrare
s.f. administration;
management; husbandry; superintendence
~ a activelor - administration of assets ~ a
averii - (apartindnd unei persoane
decedate) (dr.) administration of estates
~ a contului - account management ~ a
datoriei - debt management ~ a navei management of the ship/ vessel, ship's
management, husbandry ~ fiduciara trusteeship ~ judiciara - trusteeship in
bankruptcy ~ prin procura - (a afacerilor)
procuration
~
proasta/incompetenta
mismanagement
administrativ
adj.
administrative
administrator s.m. administrator;
(director) manager, director, executive;
{al unui spital, al unei mchisori) warden,
governor; {al bunurilor altei persoane)
trustee;
(supraveghetor) superintendent;
{econom al unui colegiu, al unui club)
steward;
(intendent) housekeeper; {custode)
custodian, keeper
~ de chei - wharfinger
~ de cont - account manager
~ de dana - (SUA) wharf
superintendent
~ de epave - receiver of wrecks
~ de nava - ship's husband
- delegat - managing director, acting
manager

24

~ funciar - estate manager, land agent ~

judiciar - (al averii falitului) tmstee in
bankruptcy, receiver (in bankruptcy),
official receiver
~ public/din oficiu - public trustee
administratie s.f.
1. (conducere)
administration, management; (directie)
direction; {inspectoral) superintendence
2.
(serviciu)
administrative
service/department
3.
(guvernare,
guvern)
government;
(SUA)
administration
~ a drumurilor - road board ~ financiara
- revenue office, tax administration
~ locala - local authority/body/ government
~ prin procura/tutela - trust ~ publica/de
stat - state management, civil service
admis
adj.
admitted;
(acceptat)
accepted;
received;
(recunoscut)
acknowledged
admisa asigurarea interesului total (asig.) full interest admitted admisibil adj.
admissible; allowable admite v.t. 1. (o
cerere) to allow, to grant 2. (un candidat)
to admit, to let in, to matriculate
~ un apel - (dr.) to allow an appeal
admitere s.f. 1. (a unei cereri) allowance,
grant 2. {intr-un post, intr-o scoald)
admission, admittance; matriculation
~ de noi membri - admission of new
members
~ temporara - (a mdrfurilor de import cu
scutire de taxe vamale) temporary
admission adoptav.?. to adopt

ADM-ADU

~ un proiect de lege - to adopt/to pass

a bill
adresa v.t. (o scrisoare) to address v.r.
(cuiva) to address oneself to, to address
smb., to approach; (pentru a solicita
ceva) to apply to
adresant^./n. addressee
adresa s.f. 1. (pe plic) address 2. (locul
uncle se gdseste cinevd) address; (domiciliu) domicile, residence 3. (scrisoare
oficiald) address
~ completa - full address
~ juridica - legal address
~ mobila - float address
~ permanenta - permanent address
~ postala - postal address
~ privata - home address
~ sociala - registered address
aduce v.t. 1. to bring 2. (a transporta)
to transport, to convey 3. (a produce, a
da) to bring in, to yield; (cdstig; despre
o mar/a) to command
aduna v.t. 1. (cifre) to add, to figure
up, to cast up, to tot up 2. (provizii) to
lay in/up; (recolta) to gather/to get in,
to harvest, to reap 3. (a colecta) to
collect 4. {la o adunare) to assemble
~ impozite - to raise money, to levy/to

collect taxes/money
~ prin colecta - to collect money/
subscriptions
adunare s.f. (sedinta) sitting;
(intrunire) meeting, rally; (plen)
assembly; (politico} congress,
convention
~ a actionarilor - shareholders'/
stockholders' meeting
~ a creditorilor - creditors' meeting
~ generala a actionarilor - general
meeting of shareholders

ADU-AFL

~ generala anuala - (a actionarilor)

annual general meeting
~ generala extraordinara - (a
actionarilor) extraordinary general
meeting
~ legislative - legislative assembly
~ statutara - (prima adunare generala
a actionarilor) statutory meeting/report
advertorial s.n. (articol de fond,
editorial special conceput pentru a face
publicitate unuiprodus) advertorial
aeroports.n. airport
afacere s.f. 1. {in sens general) affair 2.
business; deal; (incheiatd si reusita)
bargain; (negot) trade, commerce;
(tranzactie) transaction 3. (judiciara)
case, lawsuit
~ banoasa - moneymaker
~ buna - good stroke of business
~ cinstita - straight dealing
~ civila - civil case/suit
~ de familie - family business
~ de stat - state affair
~ dubioasa - shady deal/affair
~ necinstita - (a unui functionar
public) jobbery
~ obisnuita - (asigurdri de afaceri,
altele decdt cele care nu sunt din
sectorul industrial) (asig.) ordinary
business
~ olandeza - (in care una dintre parti
obtine toate avantajele) Dutch bargain
~ proasta - bad stroke/piece of
business, bad/losing bargain
~ producatoare de pierderi - loss
maker
~ rentabila - remunerative business,
paying/going concern/bargain, capital
stroke of business
~ riscanta - adventure, gamble,
wildcatting

25

afaceri ale initiatilor - (directori de

societdti, inaiti functionari care detin
informatii suplimentare despre anumite
actiuni tranzactionate) (bur.) insider
dealing/trading
~ bancare - banking
~ bancare de mare anvergura (implicdnd sume mari de bani)
wholesale banking
~ de lunga durata - long-winded
business
~ de navlosire - (mar.) chartering
business
~ maritime - maritime affairs/
business, shipping business
- potentiale/posibile - business
prospects
a intra in ~ - to go into business
a se lansa in ~ - to establish oneself in
business
afacerism s.n. 1. (peiorativ)
profiteering, shady business 2. (spirit
mtreprinzdtor) mercantile spirit,
businesslike manner
afacerist s.m. 1. (peiorativ) trafficker,
racketeer 2. (pm de afaceri)
businessman
afilia v.t. to affiliate v.r. to affiliate, to
be affiliated
afi s.f. poster, bill, billboard
~ mare - crown poster
~ mic - handbill
~ publicitar - show bill
afisa v.t. to post up, to bill
afiare s.f. bill sticking
afisier s.n. notice board
ailuenta s.f. 1. (belsug) affluence,
plenty 2. (de lume, de clientela)
affluence,rush
~ a ofertelor de vanzare - selling
pressure

26

aflux s. n. (de capital, clienti, mdrfuri

etc.) inflow, influx
afreta v.t. (mar.) to charter, to freight,
to affreight, to fix
~ cu navlu forfetar/global - to charter
for lump sum
~ spatiu pe nava - to charter space
afretare s.f. (mar.) chartering,
freightage, affreightment, fixture
agenda s.f. 1. (cornet) note/pocket
book 2. (ordine de zi) agenda, order of
the day
agent s.m. 1. agent; (de schimb, bursa
etc.) broker; (intermediar) go-between,
medium, middleman 2, (substantd)
agent
~ al armatorului - (mar.) owner's
agent
~ al carausului - carrier's agent
~ al navlositorului - (mar.) charterer's
agent, charter bound agent
~ al unei companii de mesagerie (SUA) expressman
~ comercial - commercial agent;
(comis-voiajor) travelling salesman,
canvasser; (comisionar) mercantile
agent; (intermediar) merchandise
broker
~ comercial costier - (mar.) beachman
~ comisionar - commission agent
~ consular - consular agent
~ de aprovizionare a navelor shipchandler, ship's chandler
~ de asigurare - insurance agent/
broker; (cdruia i se cedeazd un bun
asigurat) (asig. mar.) abandonee;
(membru al unei asociatii profesionale)
incorporated broker
~ de asigurare Lloyd - (asig. mar.) Lloyd's
agent

AFL-AGE

~ de asigurari maritime - marine insurance

broker
~ de bursa - (specializat in tranzactii cu
optiuni) option dealer/operator;
(SUA) commission broker; (la bursa de
mdrfuri) produce broker ~ de colectare a
accizelor - exciseman ~ de companie - (mar.)
company's agent
~ de cumparare - (care achizitioneazd mdrfuri
pentru patronul sail) purchasing agent
~ de descarcare - unloading agent ~ de
descarcare-primire - discharging contractor
~ de expeditie - (a mdrfurilor) forwarding
agent, freight forwarder ~ de export - export
agent ~ de import - import agent ~ de investitii
- money manager ~ de incasari - collecting
agent ~ de Tncarcare - loading contractor ~ de
incarcare si expeditie - shipping and
forwarding agent
~ de lichidare in vama - clearance/ clearing
agent; (SUA) customs broker ~ de navlosire (mar.)
chartering
agent/broker,
freight
agent/broker ~ de onorare a cererilor de
despa-gubire - (in baza politelor de asigurare)
claims adjuster ~ de pariuri - bookmaker ~ de
presa - press agent ~ de primire - (a
mdrfurilor) receiving clerk
~ de publicitate - advertising/publicity agent
~ de schimb - (bur.) stockbroker; (de mdrfuri)
mercantile broker; (de cambii) cambist, running
broker; (de titliin (ie vuio^ift'} conversion a "en:

AGE-AGR

~ de schimb valutar - foreign

exchange broker/dealer
~ de scont - discount broker, bill
broker
~ de subscriere - subscription agent
~ de transfer - (care inregistreazd
transferal titlurilor de valoare) (SUA)
transfer agent
~ de transport - transport agent
~ de transport si expeditie - shipping
and forwarding agent
~ de tranzitari - transit agent
~ de vanzare a navei - ship sale
broker
~ de vanzari - selling agent, sales
agent/representative
~ del credere - del credere agent
~ electoral - canvasser
~ fiscal - tax collector, exacter,
exactor; (care fixeazd impozitele)
assessor
~ frigorific - cold carrier, cooling
agent, refrigerant
~ frigorific lichid - refrigerant fluid
~ general al armatorului - (mar.)
husband
~ imobiliar - real estate agent/
operator, estate agent; (SUA) realtor
~ intermediar - (comisionar cu
ridicatd) factor

~ maritim - marine agent, ship agent/

broker; (de expeditie) shipping agent
~ monetar - circulating medium
~ pentru brevete - patent agent
~ platitor - paying agent
~ sanitar - health officer
agentie A./' agen;,)1, {^euhi} uffice
~ comerciala
conii-iserciaL'ti-ciJi.,

agency
~ de bilete - ticket agciicy

27

~ de garantare a creditelor de export

- export credit agency
~ de informatii de credit - credit
reference agency
~ de informatii financiare - (despre
firme) status enquiry agency
~ de navigatie - shipping agency
~ de plasare - employment agency/
bureau
~ de presa - press agency
~ de publicitate - advertising agency
~ de rating - rating agency
~ de recuperare a datoriilor - debt-recovery agency
~ de stiri - news agency
~ de verificare a solvabilitatii - (unui
client sau a unei firme) credit agency
~ de voiaj - travel/tourist agency
~ guvernamentala - government
agency
~ imobiliara - estate agency
~ maritima - maritime agency
~ portuara - port agency
~ vamala - customs agency
agio s.n. (bur., fin.) agio; premium
agiota v.t. to job, to speculate on the
stock exchange, to bull and bear
agiotaj s.n. agiotage
agiotor.y.m. agio/stockjobber
agitare s.f. (a pietei bursiere prin
cumpdrarea masivd de actiiim ale unei
societdti neperfbrmante cu intentia de
u-i create artificial valoarea) bubble
agitat adj. (despre piata bursieru}
excited
agrar adj. agrarian
agregat s.n i. (uti/a]) (engine) unit,
plani. unit. :"-seinbly, geiieratsng sc;
2. {indicts,..:' siati.Mic ci.! cme ,u' niasouici
acli':uutea econciii[(.n u ii/ici tan') a^gre^ti^

28

AGR-AJU

~ macroeconomic - macroeconomic
aggregate
~ monetar - monetary aggregate
agricol adj. agricultural
agricultor s.m. farmer, cultivator;
agriculturist; (tdran) peasant agricultura
s.f. agriculture, farming;

~ a salariilor - wage adjustment

~ a valorii - (mdrirea sau scdderea
valorii unui post de activ din bilant
pand la valoarea zilei respective)

(cont.) value adjustment

~ conjuncturala - (ansamblu de
politici si mdsuri macroeconomice

luate de stat) conjunctural adjustment

subsistence ^bsist
~ de subzistenta

agriculture/farming
~ extensiva - extensive agriculture ~
intensiva - intensive agriculture, high
farming
~ mecanizata - mechanized agriculture
~ mixta - (cultivarea pdmantului si
cresterea animalelor) mixed farming
agrimensor
s.m.
land
surveyor
agrimensura
s.f.
land
surveying
agrobiologie s.f. agrobiology, agricultural
biology
agrochimie
s.f.
agrochemistry,
agricultural chemistry agroindustrie s.f.
agribusiness agronoms.m. agronomist
agronomic s.f. agronomy, agronomics,
agriculture
agrotehnica s.f. agrotechnics, agricultural
engineering, land use, farm practices
agrozootehnica
s.f.
agricultural
zootechnics ajun s.n. eve
~ al lichidarii - (bur.) name day ajunge v.i.
(la) 1. to arrive (at) 2. (despre o sumo) to
amount (to) ~ la scadenta - to fall due ~ la
un compromis - (cu creditorii) to
compound
ajusta v.t. (la) to adjust (to)
ajustare s.f. adjustment

~ ^mM a Droturilor
-corrcctiE
price adjustment
~ la convertire - (sumd rezultatd, in
momentui convertirii obligatiunilor,
din diferenta dintre pretui de rambursare al vechilor obligatiuni si pretui
color noi) adjustment on conversion
~ la sfarsitui anului - (a conturilor in
vederea mcheierii bilan^ului) year-end
adjustment
~ structurala - (modificdri promovate
de autoritdtile guvernamentale pentru
ameliorarea climatului general al
economiei nationale) structural
adjustment
ajustari ale taxelor vamale la export
- border tax adjustments
ajuta v.t. to aid; to assist; (material) to

support; (a sustine) to sustain, to back

up; (la nevoie) to relieve
ajutor s.n. aid; (asistentd) assistance;
(material) support; (la nevoie) relief;
(bdnesc) allowance; (alocatie) benefit
s.m. 1. aid; assistant 2. (loctiitor)
deputy; (adjunct) adjunct, adjoint
~ de boala - sick(ness) allowance/
benefit/pay
~ de inmormantare - death grant
~ de maistru - charge hand
~ de natere - maternity allowance/
benefit/pay
~ de stat - (acordat familiilor
numeroase) state grant to large families

AJU-ALO

~ de omaj - unemployment
allowance/benefit/pay, dole
~ economic - economic assistance
~ extern - foreign aid
~ financiar - financial assistance
~ mutual - mutual aid
~ pentru comert - (serviciile bancare,
de publicitate, asigurdri, transporturi)
aids/ancillaries to trade
~ social - social security benefit
alatura v.t. \. (a pune aldturi) to lay
by, to join, to add/to adjoin/to subjoin
to; (a anexd) to annex; (intr-un plic) to
enclose 2. (a compara) to compare; (a
confruntd) to confront; (a colationa) to
collate
alaturat adj. (anexat) annexed,
enclosed
aici ~ - here enclosed, herewith
album s.n. album; (pentru articole,
decupaje etc.) scrap book
~ de mostre - sample book
alcatui v.t. 1. (a schita, a redacta) to
draw up 2. (un deviz) to estimate
aleatoriu adj. aleatory, random
alegator s.m. voter, elector
alege v.t. 1. to choose; (a selecta) to
select, to screen 2. (a vota) to elect, to
vote 3. {intr-un post) to vote in
alegere s.f. 1. choice; selection; (a celei
mai bune alternative) (man.) screening
2. (yotare) election, polling
alianta s.f. alliance
aliena v.t. (dr.) to alienate
alienabil adj. alienable
alienare s.f. (dr.) alienation
aliment s.n. food, foodstuff; pi.
victuals
alimente de prima necesitate essential foodstuff

29

~ pentru consum rapid - (fast foods,

alimente special ambalate si preparate
pentru a fi consumate imediat)
convenience goods alimenta v.t. 1. to feed,
to nourish
2. (CM apd, energie electricd etc.) to
supply; (cu combustibil) to fuel
3. (piata) to supply
alimentara s.f. provision/food store
aliniere s.f. (procesul prin care o
bancd isi coreleazd activul/creditele cu
pasivul/depozitele) matching
~ a fondurilor - (rnetodd de finantare
a creditelor prin depozite cu scadentd
comund) funds matching
aloca v.t. to allocate, to allot, to assign;
(din buget) to budget; (a destina) to
earmark
alocare s.f. allocation, allotment,
assignment; appropriation
~ a activelor - asset allocation
~ a capitalului - (criterii de decizie
pentru investitii in active fixe care
implied compararea costului investitiei
cu beneficiile sale viitoare) capital
budgeting
~ a costurilor individuale - (din
costui total) cost allocation
~ a resurselor - (distribuirea resurselor, mtr-o economic, intre diferite
utilizdri pentru a obtine un ansamblu
de bunuri finale) allocation of
resources, resources allocation
~ de actiuni - allotment of shares
~ de sarcini specifice - (fiecdrui utilaj
din cadrul fabricii) machine loading
alocatie s.f. allocation, allotment,
assignment; (ajutor bdnesc) allowance,
benefit, compensation, grant-in-aid
~ bugetara - budget dole

30

~ de familie - (pentru copii) family

allowance
~ de hrana - food/victualling
allowance
~ de tmbarcare - (mar.) shipping
allocation
~ de omaj - dole
~ individuals - capitation grant
~ pentru copil - child benefit
~ pentru greviti - strike benefit/pay
alonja s.f. (pagina atasatd unei cambii,
destinatd andosdrilor succesive)
allonge, rider
alterna v.t. to alternate
alternative s.f. alternative
alternative nonmonetare - (elemente
implicate in luarea deciziilor privind
utilizarea resurselor care nu pot fi
exprimate in forma monetard)
nonmonetary alternatives
amanets.n. pawn
a da/a lasa ~ - to pawn
a scoate de la ~ - to take out of pawn,
to redeem, to ransom
amaneta v.t. to pawn, to put in pawn
amanetare s.f. pawnage
amara v.t. (incdrcdtura navel) (mar.)
to lash, to secure, to fasten, to fix, to
bind
amarare v.t. (mar.) lashing, securing,
fastening, fixing, binding
~ a caricului/incarcaturii - (in
magazia navei sail pe punte) securing
of cargo
~ a marfurilor - making fast,
strapping
~ pentru mare - securing for sea
~ temporara - working fastening
amana v.t. 1. to postpone, to lay over,
to put off; (a intdrzia) to delay 2. (dr.)

ALO-AMB

to adjourn, to continue 3. (a pdsui) to

reprieve, to respite
amanare s.f. 1. postponement; delay 2.
(dr.) adjournment 3. (pdsuire) respite,
grace
~ sine die - adjournment sine die
ambala v.t. to pack up, to package, to
wrap up; (in baluri) to bale; (in sad) to
bag; (in Idzi, cutii) to encase; (cadouri)
to gift-wrap
ambalaj s.n. pack, package, packing,
wrapping
~ cerut i platit de cumparator special packing paid
~ de export - export packing
~ de maina - machine packing
~ defectuos - deficient/faulty packing
~ din hartie rezistenta - kraft paper
~ etan/impermeabil - waterproof
packing
~ facturat separat - packing extra
~ inclus in pret - packing included
~ maritim - seaworthy packing
~ necorespunzator - inadequate
packing, unsound package
~ neinclus in pret - packing not
included
~ pentru cadouri - giftwrapping
~ pentru transportui pe mare packing for shipment, overseas pack
~ potrivit dupa forma obiectului - fit
packing
~ refolosit - second-hand package
~ returnabil - returnable package
~ transparent - blister pack
ambalare s.f. packing, wrapping; (in
baluri) baling; (in sad) bagging,
sacking; (in Idzi, ciitii) encasement,
crating; (de cadouri) giftwrapping
ambalator^.w. packer, wrapper
ambasada s.f. embassy

AMB-ANA

ambasador s.m. ambassador

~ plenipotentiar - plenipotentiary
ambulant adj. itinerant, strolling
ameliora v.t. to improve, to make
better, to better
ameliorare s.f. improvement,
betterment
~ a solului - soil improvement
amenaja v.t. 1. to arrange; (o casa) to
fit up, to dispose; (un oras) to plan; (a
mobila) to furnish 2. (a echipa) to fit
out, to appropriate; (o nova pentru o
anumitd clasd de pasageri sau pentru
transportui de marfd) to accommodate
amenajare s.f. 1. arrangement;
accommodation 2. pi. {ale navei)
accommodations, fittings, facilities
~ de santier - construction
management
~ forestiera - forest management
~ portuara - harbour accommodation
amenajari de dana - berthing
facilities, berth fittings
~ pentru animale - cattle fittings
~ pentru cereale - grain fittings
~ pentru pasageri - passenger
accommodations
~ pentru transportui fructelor (faguri de lemn) fruit fittings
amenda v.t. 1. (a imbundtdti) to
amend, to improve; (o lege) to amend
2. (a pune la amenda} to fine, to

penalize
amendamenti-.n. amendment
amenda s.f. fine, penalty; (penalitate
pentru mcalcarea unui contract)
forfeit, penalty
amiralitate s.f. admiralty
amnistia v.t. to amnesty
amortiza v.t. 1. {a rambursa treptat o
datorie prin pidti repetate) to amortize,

31

to sink, to clear off, to write off 2.

(procedeu contabil ce constd in diminuarea
treptatd a valorii capitalului fix,
survenitd in cursul perioadei de
functionare, ca urmare a uzurii normale
si a invechirii previzibile} to depreciate
amortizabil adj. depreciable amortizare
s.f. 1. (a unei datorii) amortization,
sinking 2. (cont.) depreciation, wear and
tear ~ accelerata - accelerated depreciation
~ cumulata - accumulated
depreciation
~ fixa - fixed depreciation ~ in cote egale
- straight-line depreciation
~ in sume fixe - level payment
amortization
~ libera - free depreciation ~ normala fair wear and tear amplasa v.t. to place, to
lay out, to site, to locate
amplasament^.n. site, location an
s.m. year
~ civil/calendaristic - civil/calendar year
~ comercial - commercial business ~
contabil - accounting year ~ cu vin de
calitate - vintage year ~ curent - current
year ~ de productie - working year ~ de
referinta - base year ~ financiar financial year ~ fiscal/bugetar - fiscal year
~ - record/de varf- peak year ~
universitar - academic year ani de munca
- (socotiti la calcularea pensiei)
pensionable service analists.m. analyst

32

~ al pietei bursiere - (care intocmeste

grafice, tabele) chartist
~ de investitii - investment analyst
analiza v.t. to analyse; (a defaica) to
break down
analiza s.f. analysis; (defalcare)
breakdown
~ a breselor - (identificarea
oportunitdtilor de marketing pe o

piata) gap analysis

~ a calitatii - quality survey
~ a cheltuielilor de capital - capital
expenditure analysis
~ a componentelor activitatii operation breakdown
~ a componentelor postului - job
breakdown
~ a concurentei - (de cdtre firmele
rivale) competitor analysis
~ a drumului critic - (analiza etapelor
pentru realizarea fiecdrei activitdti
succesive in vederea implementdrii
intregii strategii) critical path analysis
~ a fluxului de numerar - (cont., fin.)
funds-flow analysis
~ a investitiei - investment analysis
~ a postului -job analysis
~ a pragului de rentabilitate (metodd de a stabili ce nivel al
vdnzdrilor este necesar pentru ca un
produs nou so. depdseascd pragul de
rentabilitate, adicd veniturile sdfie mat
man decdt costurile) (cont.) break-

-even analysis
~ a preturilor - breakdown of prices
~ a proportiilor (pentru determinarea performantelor unui agent
economic) ratio analysis
~ a riscului - (fin.) risk analysis
~ a riscului politic - (evaluat de un
investitor, referitor la politico guver-

ANA-ANA

namentald a unui stat) political risk

analysis
~ a scadentelor - due date analysis
~ a seriilor cronologice - (pentru
elaborarea previziunilor comerciale)
time-series analysis
~ a sistemului - system analysis
~ a timpului necesar miscarilor - (in
procesul muncii) motion time analysis
~ a titrului - assay
~ a tranzactiei - (cont.) transaction
analysis
- a valorii - (analiza componentelor fi
a operatiilor pentru obtinerea unui
produs, in vederea realizdrii aceleia^i
calitdti la un cost mai redus) value
analysis
~ a vanzarilor - sales analysis,
breakdown of sales
~ a vanzarilor cu amanuntui (debuseuri, stocuri, publicitate etc.}
shop audit
~ a vanzarilor in adancime - (de la
primirea comenzii pdnd la expedierea
mdrfii i afacturilor) sales depth test
~ a vechimii debitorilor - debtor age
analysis
~ asociata - (tehnicd de lucru utilizatd
in dezvoltarea noilor produse) conjoint
analysis
~ calitativa - (studiu de piata)
qualitative analysis
~ cantitativa - (studiu de piata}
quantitative analysis
~ comportamentala - (initiatd dc
conducerea unei intreprinderi pentru u
afia cauza relafiilor necorespunzdtoare
dintre patronat si salariati) attitude
survey
~ contabila - accounting analysis

ANA-AND

~ cost - beneficiu - (metoda de

evaluare a oportunitdtii implementdrii
unui protect, a continuant unei afaceri
prin compararea beneficiilor obtinute
cu costurile /acute) cost-benefit
analysis
~ de expertiza/arbitraj - umpire
analysis
~ de grup - (tehnicd de analizd
statisticd prin intermediul cdreia o
mostrd este incadratd intr-o serie de
grupuri cu anumite trdsdturi comune)
cluster analysis
~ de piata - market analysis
~ de portofoliu - (analiza unui depozit
de titluri avdnd drept criteriu valoarea
bursierd a acestora, profitui etc.)
portfolio analysis
~ de trend - (analiza evolutiei situatiei
financiare mregistratd de o firmd)
trend analysis
~ dispersionala/de variants - (analiza
diferentelor dintre costurile si veniturile alocate si cele actuate) variance
analysis
~ economics - economic analysis
~ factorials - factorial analysis
~ financiara - financial analysis
~ globala - bulk analysis
~ incrementala - incremental analysis
~ intrare-iesire - (metoda de studiere
a interdependentelor cantitative dintre
activitdti economice corelate, de
analizare a relafiilor dintre divers ele
industrii producdtoare fi consumatoare
din cadrul unei economii nationale)
input-output analysis
~ in sectiune transversals - (calculul
ratelor financiare la doud momente
diferite de timp) cross-sectional
analysis

33

~ macroeconomics - macroeconomic
analysis
~ marginala - marginal analysis
~ pe categorii - category analysis
~ procentuala - percentage analysis
~ statistics - statistical analysis
~ strategics - (analiza factorilor-cheie
care pot asigura succesul) (man.)
strategic analysis
~ structurala - (a unei ramuri industriale, a unei economii nationale)
structural analysis
~ volumetrica - measure analysis
ancheta s.f. 1. (dr.) inquest, inquiry,
investigation 2. (sociald etc.)
investigation; (studiu) survey
~ de opinie - opinion survey
~ de piata - market survey
~ de teren - field research
-judiciara -judicial investigation
~ prin sondaj - sample survey
~ sociala - social investigation
andoca v.t. (mar.) to dock, to drydock
andosa v.t. (un efect de comert) to
endorse, to back
andosabil adj. endorsable
andosant v. andosator
andosare s.f. endorsement
~ completa - endorsement in full
conditionata
conditional
endorsement
~ cu rezerve - qualified endorsement ~ de
complezenta - accommodation
endorsement
~ defectuoasa - incorrect endorsement ~
facultativa - facultative endorsement ~ in
alb - endorsement in blank ~
neconditionata - unconditional/ absolute
endorsement
~ prin procura - procuration
endorsement

34

~ reglementara - regular endorsement ~

restrictiva - restrictive/restricted endorsement
speciala/nominala
special
endorsement
andosatar^.rn. endorsee andosator-y./n.
endorser, backer ~ precedent - previous
endorser ~ ulterior - subsequent endorser al
doilea ~ - second endorser anex adj. annexed;
enclosed anexa v.t. to annex, to append, to join;
{intr-un plic) to enclose
anexat adj. annexed; (alaturat)
enclosed
~ alaturat - annexed herewith
~ la prezenta - attached hereto
anexa s.f. 1. annex; (la un document}
rider, schedule; (in plic) enclosure 2.
{dependinta} annex; dependency,
appurtenance
angaja v.t. 1. to employ, to hire (on);
to take in one's service; (ca ucenic) to
indent, to indenture 2. (o nava) to book,
to hire, to fix 3. (a implied} to involve
v.r. 1. (a se obligd) (sd) to engage
oneself (to), to pledge/to bind oneself
(to) 2. (intr-un serviciu) to become
employed, to go into service
~ raspunderea - to pledge the liability
of
angajament s.n. 1. engagement,
commitment; pledge; (de naturd
contractuala) indenture 2. {obligatie)
obligation, liability; (datorie, pasiv)
liability
~ de contributie - (in avaria comund)
(asig. mar.) average bond
~ de garantie - suretyship
~ eventual - contingent liability

AND-ANS

~ ferm (a! subscriitorului fata de

intreaga emisiune de titluri de valoare)
firm commitment
~ neonorat/restant - outstanding
liability
~ scris - (depus in custodia unei terte
persoane care actioneazd conform unei
intelegeri prealabile} (dr.) escrow
angajare s.f. employment, hire;
(intr-un post) induction
~ continua (perioadd de functionare
nemtreruptd la o firmd, folositd pentru
calcularea unor beneficii) continuous
employment
~ de forta de munca excedentara (pentru a evita lips a acesteia in viitor)
labour hoarding
~ de personal - staffing
angajat.s-.rn. person engaged/employed
~ cu norma intreaga - whole timer,
full-time employee
angro adv. wholesale
angrosist s.m. wholesale dealer/
merchant, wholesaler; (comerciant care
se aprovizioneazd de la un anumit
producdtor, pdstrdnd un anumit stoc de
marfd, in schimbul unor bonificatii)
stockist
animal s. n. animal
- de povara - pack animal, beast of
burden
~ de tractiune - beast of draught
~ producator de lana - wool bearer
animate de reproductie - bloodstock,
pedigree stock
~ vii - {categoric de marfd) live
cattle/stock
animatic s.n. (fragmentele in miscare
dintr-un clip publicitar televizai)
animatic
ansamblu^.rt. ensemble; aggregate

ANS-ANU

~ de date catalogate - catalogued data

set
~ de elemente - (care afecteazd
randamentid) yield mix
~ de locuinte - housing development
~ de produse - product mix
antedata v.t. to antedate, to foredate
antedata s.f. antedate
anteproiect s.n. preliminary/previous
design/plan/project, first draft
anterior adj. anterior (to), prior (to)
anterioritate
s.f.
anteriority,
previousness; priority
~ a inventiei - priority of invention
aatets.n. heading of a letter, letterhead
anticipa v.t., v.i. to anticipate, to
forestall
anticipare s.f. anticipation; (asteptare,
expectativa) expectation
~ si temporizare - (indicatorii
activitdtii economice nationale sunt fie
previzionati, fie confirmati dupa
producerea transformdrilor) leading
and lagging
anticipari de pret - price expectations
~ inflationiste - inflationary
expectations
~ rationale - (tendinta participantilor
la schimb de a prevedea actuinile
vizand modificarea rezultatelor pietei)
rational expectations
anticipat adj. anticipated adv.
beforehand
antidumping s. n. antidumping
antiinflationist adj. anti-inflationary
antiprotectionist s.m. (SUA) tariff
reformer
antitrust adj. antitrust
antrepozit s.n. warehouse, storehouse,
entrepot

35

~ de consignatie - consignment
warehouse
~ frigoritic cold storehouse
~ pe tarm - warehouse ashore
- portuar - harbour warehouse
~ vamal - bonded/customs warehouse,
public storehouse
antrepozitare s.f. warehousing
antreprenor s.m. contractor,
entrepreneur, enterpriser, undertaker
~ de chei - wharfinger
~ de constructii - master-builder,
building contractor
~ de descarcare-primire - (a mdrfurilor) (mar.) landing coniractor
~ de incarcare - loading contractor
~ de pompe funebre - undertaker:
(SUA) mortician
~ de transporturi - haulage/cartage
contractor, transporter
~ general - prime/chief contractor
antrepriza s.f. undertaking, enterprise,
work by contract, contract for a work
a da in ~ - to put out to contract
a lua in ~ - to contract for, to take by
contract
anual adj. yearly, annual adv. yearly,
annually
anuar s.n. yearbook, directory
~ comercial/al societatilor comerciale
- trade/commercial directory
~ de publicitate - advertising directory
~ statistic - statistical yearbook
anuitate s.f. annuity
~ a politei comune de asigurare de
viata -joint life annuity
~ a politei comune de asigurare de
viata si pentru supravietuitor - (cu
anuitatea diminuatd dupa decesul
unuia dintre cei doi asigurati) joint life
and survivor annuity

36

~ aleatorie - (a unei polite de asigurare de

viatd, a caret platd este conditionatd de
producerea
unui eveniment) contingent
annuity ~ amanata - (as ig.) deferred annuity ~
perpetua - perpetual annuity ~ platibila
pentru o perioada limitata - (asig.) terminable
annuity ~ prin reversiune - (asig.)
reversionary annuity
~ sigura/la termen - (asigurare care prevede
plata cdtre beneficiar a unei anuitdti pe o
perioada determinata) annuity certain
anula v.t. 1. to annul, to disannul; (a revoca) to
revoke; (a contramanda) to call off; (o
comandd, un credit etc.) to withdraw; (o
datorie) (cont.) to write off 2. (dr.) (a abrogd)
to nullify; (a rezilia) to cancel, to undo, to void,
to vacate; (a respinge, a casa) to overrule, to
reverse; (o lege, un testament etc.) to render
void, to void, to repeal anulabil adj.
cancellable; voidable, vacatable
anulare
s.f.
1.
annulment,
disannulment; (a unei comenzi, a unui credit
etc.) withdrawal; (a unei datorii) remittal,
write-off 2. (dr.) (abrogare) nullification,
defeasance; (reziliere) cancellation, voidance,
avoidance; (a unui
testament
etc.)
invalidation, voidance
anunt
s.f.
announcement,
notice,
notification; (afis) bill; (in ziar) advertisement;
(informatie apdrutd in ziar)
insertion;
(fluturas,
anunt distribuit trecdtorilor)
handbill ~ de reclama - (secvenfe din filme de
cinema si televiziune prezentate ca reclama)
trailer

ANU-APE

~ in ziar - newspaper advertisement ~

publicitar - (la radio si televiziune) spot
announcement/broadcast, commercial; (al
unui detailist publicat aldturi de anuntui
fabricantului respective (SUA) tie-in a da
un ~ la ziar - to advertise in a newspaper,
to put an advertisement anunta v.t. to
announce, to notify;
(printr-un afis) to bill; (in ziar, la radio
etc.) to advertise
aparat
s.n.
apparatus,
device,
appliance; (marina) machine;
(instrument) instrument; (mecanism)
gear, mechanism
~ de productie - production apparatus
~ pentru prelevare de probe sampler, sampling device
aparatura s.f. apparatus; equipment
~ electrocasnica - white goods
apartament.s'.n. flat; suite
apartamente cu chirie/de inchiriat lodgings
apatie s.f. apathy
~ la cumparare - (in ciuda reclame!)
sales apathy
apa s.f. water
~ poluata - polluted water
~ potabila - drinking/potable water
ape continentale - continental waters
~ costiere - coastal/offshore waters
~ cu trafic intens - congested waters
~ de pescuit - fishing waters
~ industriale - industrial waters
~ interioare - intemal/interior/inland
waters
~ Internationale - international waters
~ inchise - (pentru navigatie) closed
waters
~ maritime - maritime waters
~ nationale - inland waters

APE-ARE

~ navigable - navigable waters

~ portuare - harbour/port waters
~ reziduale/uzate - waste waters,
effluents
~ teritoriale - territorial waters
apel s.n. 1. call 2. (dr.) appeal
~ de sinistru - {mar.) distress/SOS call
a declara ~ - to lay/to lodge an appeal,
to reclaim
apelant s.m. (dr.) appellant, appealing
party, plaintiff in appeal
aplana v.t. (un conflict) to settle
aplica v.t. 1. (o lege) to enforce 2. (o
semndtura, o stampild) to append, to
affix
apart s.n. contribution
~ de capital - contribution of capital
aprecia v.t. (a evalua) to appraise, to
evaluate, to estimate, to assess v.r.
(bur., cont.,fin.) to appreciate
apreciere s.f. 1. (evaluare) appraisal,
evaluation, estimate, assessment 2. (a
valorii unui activ) (bur., cont., fin.)
appreciation
~ a capacitatii - (unui salariat)
performance appraisal
~ a perspectivelor pietei - assessment
of market prospects
~ a unei valute - (in raport cu altele)
currency appreciation
aproba v.t. to approve; to sanction; (a
ratified) to ratify; (a fi de acord cu) to
agree with/to
aprobare s.f. approval
~ a cadastrului - planning permission
apropria v.t. to appropriate 2. (dr.) to
convert

apropriere s.f. 1. appropriation 2. (dr.)

conversion
aproviziona v.t. to supply; (a furniza)
to furnish; ( cu materiale, piese etc.) to

37

stock; ( cu alimente) to provision, to

victual, to cater for v.r. to take/to lay in
a stock/supply, to buy in, to provide
oneself
~ excesiv (o piatd, un magazin etc.)
to overstock
~ insuficient - to understock
aprovizionare s.f. supply; (furnizare)
furnishing; (cu alimente) provisioning,
victualling, catering
~ institutionalizata - (modalitate prin
care diversele organizatii identified si
evalueazd produsele pe care doresc sd
Ie achizitioneze) organizational buying
~ in grup - (a detailistilor) group
trading
~ pe termen scurt - short-run supply
ar s.m. (unitate de mdsurd) are
ara v.t. to plough, to till
arabil adj. arable, tillable
aranjament s.n. arrangement;
(intelegere) agreement, settlement
~ amical - friendly arrangement
aratura s.f. 1. (arat) ploughing, tilling
2. ploughland, tillage
arbitra v.t. to arbitrate; (un diferend) to
umpire
arbitraj s.n. 1. (solutionarea unui
diferend de cdtre o persoand sau
institutie automata) arbitration 2.
(cumpdrarea si vdnzarea simultand de
instrumente financiare similare pe
piete diferite cu scopul realizdrii unui
profit sau pentru a prevent eventualele
schimbdri posibile in raporturile de
preturi ale instrumentelor respective)
arbitrage
~ cu dobaiida acoperita - (fin.)
covered interest arbitrage
~ de indici - (bur.) index arbitrage

38

~ intre burse ale aceleiasi tari shunting ~ pentru normele de munca ~

arbitration of work standards
~ speculativ - speculative arbitrage
~ valutar - arbitrage in/of exchange,
exchange arbitrage
arbitru s.m. arbitrator, arbiter
arbore s.m. tree
~ de decizie - (stabilirea grqflcd a
tipului de relatie intre deciziile
manageriale si factorii probabilistici)
(man.) decision tree
arenda v.t. (a da sau a Ilia in arenda)
to lease, to rent; [a luu in arenda} to
tenant
arendare s.f. (dare sau luare in
arenda) lease, leasing; (luare in
arenda) tenancy
arenda? s.m. leaseholder, lessee, tenant
~ abuziv (care continud sd ocupe o
proprietate dupd expirarea contractului fdrd acordul proprielarului)
tenant at sufferance
~ cu contract (valabil un anumit
numdr de ani) tenant for years
~ cu contract valabil un an - tenant
from year to year
- fara contract -- tenant at will ~ in cota
indiviza - tenant in common ~ pe viata - tenant
for life, life tenant arenda s.f. (drept) lease;
(plata) rent
-- excesiva - rack-rent
- pe viata - perpetual lease
- supiimentara - (p'ldtitd pentru terenuri cdnd
aceslea sunt insuficiente) scarcity rent
a da in ~ - to grant/to iet out on lease a lua in ~
- to lake on lease ar^mts.n. silver
- in. liiigoiiri - silver bullion

ARB-ARM

~ monetar/cu titlu legal - standard/

sterling silver
arhivar s.m. archivist, keeper of the
records
arhivas.f. archives, records
arhivele statului - public records
arie s.f. area; (siiprafatd) surface;
(zond) zone; (intindere) extent, expanse ~ a
vanzarilor - (de care rdspunde un agent de
vdnzdri) sales territory/zone ~ productiva (arie petroliferd} payable area/zone
arierat^.n. arrear, overdue debt arima v.t.
(afrxa incdrcdtura unei. nave sau a unm avion
pentru mentinerea mini centra/ favorabil
stabilitdtii) to stow
arimare s.f. stowing, stowage ~ a marfurilor stowing goods ~ corecta - sound stowage
arma v.t. 1. (o nava) to fit out, to outfit, to
commission 2. (a incadra cu echipaj o navd) to
man armare .s'./ (mar.) 1. (dotare cu
echipament si materiale) fitting out, outfit,
commission 2. (incadrare cu echipaj) manning
armatorA'./H. (mar.) shipowner, owner ~ administrator - managing owner ~ al navei de
linie - berth owner/ shipowner
~ al navei-tramp - tramp owner ~ ciimparator merchant shipper
independent/necartelat
nonconference carrier ~ - Inchirietor chartered/freight contractor
- { na\ lositor - owner and charterer
armoniza v.i 1. {poliiici fi practici nationale
Ci! stundardele inte:''r.a-honai.e} to
harmonize 2. (d!fe"te'

ARM-ARU

tipuri de registre contabile ale unei

societdti) to reconcile
armonizare s.f. hamionization
~ a taxelor vamale - (nniformizarea
nomenclatoarelor ^i a procedurilor
vamale in tdrile care coopereaza)
customs/tariff harmonization
~ strategica {corelarea dintre strategia companiei ^i resursele sale}
{man.) strategic fit
arta s.f. art
~ a decorarii vitrinelor - window
dressing
~ mestesugareasca - handicraft,
craftsmanship
articol s.n. 1. (de ziur) article 2. {de
lege) article, item 3. (comercial) article,
commodity; pi. goods, wares
~ contabil - entry, item
~ de export - export
~ de fond - {editorial) leader, leading
article
~ de import - import, foreigner
~ de inchidere - {cont.) closing entry
~ de lux- luxury article
~ de ordine - {cont.) suspense entry
~ de virament - {cont.) transfer entry
~ debitor - {cont.) debit entry
~ economic - (in ziar) city article
~ fara cautare - (impiis
consumatorului) (SU'A) tie-in
~ foarte cautat - best seller
~ garantat - {ca origine) genuine
article
~ impozabil - taxable article
~ patentat - proprietary article
~ recapitulativ - (cont.) compound
entry
~ vandut in pierdere - (pentru a
atrage clienieia fi a promova alie
articole) Joss leade'-

39

articole casnice - household articles ~ casnice

de folosinta indelungata household durables
~ de baza ale exportului - staple
exports
- de fierarie - ironmongery
~ de larg consum - consumer goods
~ de lana - woollen goods
~ de lemn - woodenware
~ de menaj - small ware
~ de mercerie - haberdashery
~ de moda - fancy goods
~ de papetarie - paper goods
~ de prima/stricta necesitate (living) essentials, necessaries
~ de sezon - seasonal articles
desperecheate/dezasortate
broken/job lot, oddments ~ diverse sundries
~ exceptionale - {cont.) exceptional items
~ extraordinare - (cont.', extraordinary
items
~ returnate - (vdnzdtorului} saSes returns,
returns inwards ~ sanitare - sanitary articles ~
semifabricate - semifinished
semimanufactured articles eel mai
avantajos/competitiv ~ - best buy
artizan s.m. artisan, handicraftsman, craftsman
artizan al adj. handmade artizanatj-.n.
handicraft arunca v.t. {mdrfnn, materiale etc
peste hoi-d pentru salvarea navci} {mar.) to
jettison, to cast/to throw overboard
ariincare ;c,/' {a incarcutiin, ':e:.!.. bord)
(mar ) ieUison

40

arvuna s.f. advance (money), earnest

(money), handsel
a da ~ - to bind a bargain
arvuni v.t. to give earnest (money) for
asambia v.t. to assemble
asana v.t. 1. (o miastind) to reclaim;
(tin lac, o baltd) to drain 2. (a
imbundtdti, a redresa) to improve; to

normalize 3. (finantele) to reorganize

ascundere s.f. (a activelor de cdtre un
falit, a adevdrului de cdtre un asigurat

etc.) concealment
asesor^.m. (dr.) assessor
asieta s.f. 1. (pozitie a planului de baza
al unei nave fata de planul orizontal)
trim 2. (baza de calcul a unui impozit)
basis
~ de exploatare - (mar.) operating
trim
~ de mar - (mar.) running/sailing
trim
asigura v.t. \. (a da cele necesare) to
provide 2. (a garanta) to secure, to
ensure; to assure 3. (impotriva) to
insure (against); (un rise) to cover; (o
proprietate maritimd) to underwrite
v.r. (impotriva) to insure oneself
(against), to take out an insurance
(against)
asigurabil adj. insurable
asigurare s.f. 1. securing, ensuring;
assurance 2. (impotriva accidentelor, a
pierderilor) insurance; (a unui rise)
cover; {de viatd) assurance; (maritimd)

underwriting
~ a animalelor - livestock insurance
~ a calitatii - quality assurance
~ a caricului/incarcaturii - insurance
of cargo, cargo insurance
~ a cheltuielilor extraordinare disbursement insurance

ARU-ASI

~ a creditelor - (care ii garanteazd unui

creditor cd isi va recupera fondurile in
cazul in care debitorul nu isi mat poate
indeplini obligatiile de platd) credit
insurance ~ a creditelor de export - export
credit insurance
~ a depozitului bancar - bank deposit
insurance
~ a garantiei - guarantee insurance ~ a
marfurilor
depozitate
-warehouse
insurance
~ a navlului - (asig. mar.) freight
insurance
~ a raspunderii - liability insurance ~ auto
- automobile/motor insurance ~ aviatica aviation insurance ~ casco - hull insurance
~ colectiva - group insurance ~
concurenta - (la mai multi asigurdtori)
concurrent insurance ~ cu anuitate annuity insurance ~ cu avarie particulars!
- (asig. mar.) insurance with particular
average ~ cu echipament si accesorii (asig. mar.) outfit insurance
~ de la depozit la depozit - warehouse to
warehouse insurance ~ de marfuri
periculoase - hazardous (goods) insurance
~ de persoane impotriva accidentelor si a
bolilor - personal accident and sickness
insurance
~ de proprietate - property insurance ~ de
raspundere civila - third-party insurance,
public liability insurance ~ de raspundere
personala - personal liability insurance
~ de renta viagera - life annuity insurance
~ de somaj - uneployment insurance

ASI-ASI

~ de viata - life assurance/insurance ~ de

viata din fonduri salariale - (cu
prime achitate/refinute din salami)

salary savings insurance, payroll

deduction insurance
~ dubia - {la doi asigurdtori) double
insurance
~ efectuata de o societate comerciala
de asigurari - (spre deosebire de o
asigurare mutuala) proprietary
insurance
~ facultativa - voluntary insurance
~ fara avarie particular^ - (asig.
mar.) insurance free from particular
average

~ flotanta - floating/open insurance

~ fluviala - river insurance
~ generala - (impotriva tuturor
riscurilor) general insurance
~ globala - (care acoperd un grup de
riscuri multiple sau asigurd o
proprietate in locuri diferite) blanket
insurance; (SUA) package insurance
~ inferioara (subasigurare,
asigurare in care suma asiguratd este
mult mai mica decdt valoarea reald a

bunului asigurat) underinsurance

~ impotriva accidentelor accident/casualty insurance
~ impotriva accidentelor de munca workmen's compensation insurance
~ impotriva avariilor - insurance
against damages
~ Impotriva furtului - theft/burglary
insurance
~ impotriva incendiului - fire
insurance
~ impotriva lipsei de onestitate (incheiatd de patronul care se asigurd
impotriva pierderilor cauzate de

41

necinstea unui angajat) fidelity

insurance
~ Impotriva nerespectarii obligatiilor
contractuale - fidelity insurance
~ Impotriva pierderii totale insurance against total loss
~ impotriva prejudiciilor aduse unui
tert - third-party insurance
~ impotriva riscurilor de razboi insurance against war risks, war risk
insurance
~ impotriva riscului de transport transport insurance
~ impotriva riscurilor multiple multiple peril insurance
~ impotriva spargerii - insurance
against breakage
~ impotriva tuturor pierderilor sau a
avariilor - insurance against all losses
or damages
~ impotriva tuturor riscurilor insurance against all risks
~ in bloc - (a mdrfurilor expediate in
loturi mid cu diferite mijioace de
transport} block insurance
~ maritima - marine/sea insurance
~ mobiliara - movable property
insurance
~ mutuala - mutual insurance
~ partiala - partial insurance
~ pe viata - whole life insurance;
(SUA) straight life insurance
~ pe voiaj - (asig. mar.) voyage
insurance
~ pentru accidente de munca industrial injuries insurance
~ pentru sectorul tehnic - engineering
insurance
~ pentru toate riscurile - all-risks
insurance

42

~ pentru vreme rea - (asig. mar.}

weather insurance
~ perfecta impotriva riscurilor (bur., fin.) perfect hedge ~ provizorie provisional insurance
suplimentara - additional/
supplementary insurance asigurari de sanatate
- medical/health insurance
- de stat - state/national insurance
- maritime pe caile navigabile
interioare - inland marine/transit
insurance
~ sociale social/national insurance
~ sociale din fonduri salariale contributory insurance
asigurat adj. insured s.m. insured
person, insurance carrier
integral - fully insured asigurator s.m.
insurer; (asig. mar.) underwriter
- ;il earicului - cargo underwriter
-- casco - {at corpuhd navei} hull underwriter
- de navlu - freight underwriter
- Lloyd - Lloyd's underwriter
- maritini - marine underwriter
- principal - leading underwnter asimetrie
.;,,/. asymmetry ~ intre nivelurile de
dezvoitare economica - [aspect esential cil
eco-nomici mondiale conlemporane,
conferit de structura elerogend a acesieia, cure
este alcutuitd din tdri en niveJuri economice
difenie'} asymmetry '1 economic development
levels asistent s.m. assistant
-- social - welfare/social worker asistenta s.f. 1,
{anuor} assistance, aici;
tc. i relief ^.

ASI-ASO

~ economica - economic assistance

~ juridica - legal aid
~ maritima/pe mare - (in caz de
pericol) salvage
~ pentru dezvoitare - development
assistance
~ sociala - social welfare, welfare
work
~ tehnica - technical assistance
asocia v.r. (cu) to associate (with), to
enter into partnership (with)
asocial.?.;. associate; partner
~ activ - active/acting partner
- - administrator - managing partner
~ cu numele - quasi-partner
~ in participate - (cu raspundere in
limitele capitaliilui subscris) special
partner
~ nominal - nominal partner
~ principal - senior partner
~ putin cunoscut - (comanditar,
partener care nil ia parte acliva la
afaceri) silent/sleeping partner
~ secundar - junior partner
~ unic - sole trader
a lua pe cineva ca - to take smb. into
partnership
asociatie s.f. 1. association; (socielate)
society 2. (economica) partnership
~ de asigurare mutuala - mutual
insurance association
~ de economii si credite - (SUA)
savings and loan association
- de intrajutorare - (a muncitorilor)
jiroviderit society
~ familiala - family firm
nonprofit
unicorporated
.issociation
- patronalii - trade' association
prolesionala/necomerciai;'

ASO-ATI

~ voluntara - (de detailisti care au

convenit sd cumpere de la un singur
angrosist, in schimbul unor facilitdti si
avantaje) voluntary groups
asociere s.f. association; (economica)
partnership
~ fara contract - partnership at will
asolament s.n. (rotatie a cultiirilor
agricole)
rotation/alternation/
succession/shift of crops, crop rotation/
succession
~ de cinci ani five-course rotation
~ furajer - fodder rotation
asorta v.t. 1. to assort, to sort: to
match, to suit, to fit 2. (a aproviziona
un magazin cu mdrfuri variate) to
assort
asortiment s.'n. (corn.) assortment,
range, variety
~ de eantionare - variety of patterns
~ in vanzare - sales mix
asumare s.f. assumption
~ a riscului (acceptarea riscului
chiar si in conditiile in care existd
numeroase incertitudini legate de posibilitatea obtinerii mini anumit cdstig ^i
de stabilitatea acestuia) risk
assumption
~ a riscului de credit - assumption of
credit risk
asa adv. (cum) as
~ cum este prezentat - (refentor Ju
semnarea iinui conosameiit) (nun: i as
presented
~ cum se prezinta - (conditie in
asigurarea maritimd} tale qiiale
a^teptare s.f. 1, waiting 2, (speri.inSe
perspective} expectation 3 (rnvel a!
eforliilui pe care un. salanat cnn.sici(:'i'ci
cd trebuie sa-i depnnu pentrii (.i-fi

43

mdeplini sarcmile si obiectivele de

lucru) {man.) expectancy
~ la descarcare - waiting for discharge
~ la incarcare waiting for loading
a^teptari Hexibile - (referitor la
valoarea viitoare a unei variahile,
estimatd mfunctie de mai multi factori)
adaptive expectations
~ rationale (explicarea comportamentului economic al indivizilor sou al
companiilor in functie de. optiunea
pentru una dintre previziunile
realizate) rational expectations
ataffats.m. attache
~ cultural - cultural attache
~ comercial - commercial attache
~ militar - military attache
atelier s.n. workshop, shop
~ de montaj - assembly shop
~ de reparatii auto motor repair
shop
~ mecanic - machine shop
~ mesteugaresc - small plan!
operation
~ plutitor - (mar.) repair ship/vessel.
workshop ship/vessel, floating facton,"'
works
atesta r t. to attest, to certify
atestat s.n. certificate
- de recomandare - testimonial atinge v.t. 1.
(un nivel) to reach; (') cifrd, o suma) to run to
2. (un scop} to achie'\ e. to gain, to attain; {a
realiza) to achieve
- Tn medie - to average
~- pragul de rentabiSitate - to breai<
even
atin^ere A/.' (a firii^iihii/citr'isni/i
/';;'';/?;) (but.) grounding
atltudine s.''". attitude

44

~ in fata riscului - (felul in care

diferite persoane se raporteazd, in
procesul ludrii deciziilor, la caracterul
probabilist al evenimentelor) risk
attitude
atomicitate s.f. (caracteristicd esentiald a pietei in cadrul cdreia existd
numerosi cumpdrdtori si vdnzdtori,
fdrd ca vreunul dintre ei sdfie preponderenf) atomicity
atribui v.t. to allot, to assign
atribuire s.f. allotment, assigning
~ a actiunilor - allotment of shares
atribut^.n. attribute
~ evident/caracteristic - (al unui
produs) salient attribute
atributie s.f. prerogative, competence;
(insdrcinare) task, obligation; (de
serviciu) duty, function
atributii de serviciu - functions
audienta s.f. audience
~ tinta {segment de consumatori
vizat de o campanie publicitara) target
audience
audit s. n. audit
~ al resurselor - (in vederea realizdrii
unei strategii economice) (man.)
resource audit
~ bancar - banking audit
~ casnic - home audit
~ de marketing - marketing audit
~ detaliat - detailed audit
~ ecologic - environmental audit
~ extern - (efectuat de specialist! din
afara institutief) external audit
~ general (la sfdrsitui anului
financial general audit
~ intern - (efectuat de specialisti din
institutia respectivd) internal audit
~ permanent - continuous audit

ATI-AUT

~ social - (justificarea costurilor si a

beneficiilor impuse societdtii de cdtre
mtreprinderf) social audit
auditoriu s.n. audience
~ captiv - (obligat sd asculte material
publicitar in timpul receptiondrii unor
programe de radio si televiziune)
captive audience
aur s.n. gold
~ afectat.. ./in custodie - gold
earmarked
~ monetar/cu titlu legal - standard
gold
~ nemonetar - nonstandard gold
aurifer adj. auriferous, gold-bearing
austeritate s.f. austerity
autarhie s.f. autarchy, autarky
~ economica - economic self-sufficiency
autentic adj. authentic, genuine;
(despre o copie) certified
~ si valabil - (despre cecuri) genuine
and valid
autenticitate s.f.
authenticity,
genuineness
autentifica v.t. to authenticate, to
legalize, to certify; (la notarial) to
notarize
autoaprindere s.f. (a unor mdrfuri)
spontaneous combustion/ignition, auto-ignition
autobuz s.n. bus; (pentru curse lungi)
coach
autocamion s.n. (motor) lorry,
(automotive/motor) truck
~ cu remorca - motor lorry and trailer
~ de transportat busteni lungi timber truck
autocisterna s.f. tank lorry/truck, road
tank car/tanker, bulk lorry

AVT-A^A
autoconsum 5.7!. (consumul de bunuri
si servicii finale de cdtre producatorul
msusi) self-consumption
autoevaluare s.f. (a impunerii; sistem
practical in unele tdri prin care
contribuabilul isi calculezd singur
cuantumul impozitelor) self-assessment
autofinantare s.f. self-financing,
internal financing
autoimpunere s.f. self-taxation
automacara s.f. crane tmck, truck
crane
automat adj. automatic s.n. automatic
machine; (pentru vdnzarea de bilete,
tigdri, ziare etc.) slot/vending machine
automatizare s.f. automation
automobil s.n. (motor) car; (SUA)
automobile
~ de proba - test car
autoritate s.f. authority
~ civila - civil authority
~ delegata - vicarious authority
~ executiva - executive authority
~ fiscala - revenue authority
~ ierarhica - line authority
~ maritima - maritime authority
autoritati portuare - harbour/port
authorities
~ vamale - customs authorities
autoriza v.t. to authorize; (a permite)
to allow, to permit; {a imputernici) to
empower, to warrant; (a either a o
licentd/autorizatie) to licence;
(publicarea in presd) to release
autorizare s.f. authorization
~ de retragere - {de sume din cont)

drawing authorization
autorizatie s.f. authorization, permit;
licence
~ de brevet - patent licence
~ de export - export licence

45

~ de import - import licence ~ de

reimport cu scutire de taxe vamale (a
mdrfurilor care au fost exportate din
Marea Britanie cu mai putin de cinci ani
inainte de data reimportului) bill of store ~
de retragere - (de sume din cont) drawing
authorization ~ de vanzare - selling
licence ~ scrisa - authorization in writing ~
vamala pentru provizii de bord -(mar.)
victualling bill
autoservire s.f.
1. self-service 2.
(magazin) self-service store autostrada s.f.
motorway, expressway autotransport s.n.
truck haul(ing) autotren s.n. truck/motor
lorry and trailer, trailer truck
autoturism s.n. touring car, (motor) car,
tourer
autoutilitara s.f. utility car/vehicle
autovehicul s.n. motor vehicle, power-driven vehicle
aval s.n. (garantie speciald de platd a unei
cambii) bill guarantee, surety for a bill of
exchange
avalist s.m. (eel care garanteazd plata unei
cambii prin aval) referee in case of need,
guarantor
avaliza v.t. (a gira o cambje) to guarantee,
to warrant
avanport s.n. outer harbour/port, outside
port
avans s.n. advance (money), earnest
(money),
handsel;
(acordat unei
mtreprinderi care produce pentru stat sou
pentru derularea unor servicii publice)
imprest
~ de contributie la avaria comuna -(asig.
mar.) general average deposit

46

'- de tmprumut maritim - advance on

bottomry
~ din navlu - (mar.) freight advance
~ in contui marfurilor - advance
against goods
~ in contui platii - account of payment
~ in numerar - cash advance
avansa v.t. 1. (pe cinevd) to promote 2.
(bani) to advance; to pay in advance, to
make an advance payment v.i. (in
junctie) to advance, to be promoted
avantaj s.n. 1. advantage 2. pi.
(acordate angajatilor in afara
salariului) amenities
~ absolut - (detinut de o tara sail o
regiune in raport cu altele datorita
resurselor naturale, fortei de mimed
etc., fapt care determina scdderea
costurilor de productie) absolute
advantage
~ comparativ (principiu care
considerd cd o tara sail o regiune ar
trebui sd se specializeze in productia si
exportui acelor bunuri pentru care
eficienta este relativ crescutd, in
comparatie cu alte bunuri si servicii)
comparative advantage
~ competitiv - (ideea conform cdreia
punctele forte si slabe ale unei societdti
se pot determina mimai prin
comparatie cu concurenta) competitive
advantage
avantaj e si dezavantaje - assets and
drawbacks
avantaj os adj. advantageous,
favourable; profitable, beneficial
avaria v.t. to damage
avariat adj. damaged
~ de conditii atmosferice
nefavorabile - (despre mdrfuri)
weather-beaten

AVA-AVA

avarie s.f. 1. damage; (asig. mar.)

average 2. (defectiune) breakdown,
failure
~ (a marfii) prin contaminare damage by contamination
~ accidentals - accidental damage
~ anticipata/probabila - anticipatory
damage
~ ascunsa/neobservata - (asig. mar.}
hidden damage
~ comuna - {asig. mar.') general/gross
average
~ comuna in strainatate - (asig. mar.)
foreign general average
~ comuna $i salvare - (asig. mar.)
general average and salvage
~ de abordaj - (asig. mar.) collision
damage
~ de euare - (asig. mar.) damage
through grounding/stranding
~ de manipulare - damage by
handling
~ evaluabila - assessable damage
evaluata cu subiectivitate -sentimental
damage ~ grava - heavy damage ~ inerenta (datorita naturii marfurilor sail viciilor
proprii acestora) natural damage ~ in sarcina damage chargeable to ~ la descarcare discharging damage ~ particulars - (asig.
mar.) particular average
~ produsa - damage done/incurred ~ produsa
de apa marii - wash damage
~ produsa de deplasarea incarcaturii shifting damage
~ produsa de frecare - chafing damage ~
produsa de sudatie - sweat damage

AVA-AV1

produsa de valuri - wave damage,

damage through stress of waves ~ usoara slight damage ~ vizibila - (asig. mar.)
apparent damage
avarii acceptate si evaluate - (asig. mar.)
agreed and liquidated damages avants.n.
(economic) boom avea v.t. to have; (a
posedd) to possess ~ avantajul intr-o
tranzactie/afacere - to get the best of the
bargain ~ cautare - to be in
request/demand, to go off/through
~ cent debitor - to be in the red ~ cont
deschis la banca - to bank at/with
~ drept de optiune - to have the first
refusal
~ legatura cu - to have a connection/
relation to
avere s.f. fortune, wealth ~ imobiliara immovable property, immovables, chattels
real, reality ~ mobiliara - movable
property, movables, chattels
(personal), personalty
~ mobiliara si imobiliara - movable and
immovable property ~ sub tutela - trust
fund a face ~ - to make fortune avers s.n.
(al unei monede) obverse aversiune s.f.
aversion ~ fata de rise - (a investitorilor)
risk aversion
~ fata de riscul absolut - (sumd de bani la
care tin investitor poate renunta ca
alternativd la o investitie cu rise ridicaf)
absolute risk aversion aviatie s.f. aviation
~ civila - civil aviation avicultor s.m.
poultry farmer/breeder

47

avicultura s.f. poultry farming

avion s.n. (air)plane, aircraft
~ charter - charter plane
~ de linie/curse regulate - airliner
~ de pasageri - passenger aircraft; (de
mari dimensiuni) airbus
~ de transport - commercial/transport
aircraft, air carrier
aviz s.n. 1. note, notice, advice:
notification 2. (sfat) advice; (pdrere)
opinion
~ competent - expert advice/opinion
~ de angajament - (de spatiu pe nava)
(mar.) (freight) booking note
~ de angajament in conditii de linie (mar.) berth note
~ de atribuire a actiunilor - letter of
allotment, allotment letter
~ de concediere - notice of dismissal
~ de confirmare - (expediat titularului
unui cont sail al unui depozit de titluri.
acesta returndndu-l semnat bdncii sale
pentru a confirma exactitatea unui
extras) reconciliation statement;
confirmation slip
~ de convocare - (a actionarilor}
notice of meeting
~ de credit (care indicd faptui cd in
creditui unui cont a fost fdcutd o
inregistrare) credit advice
~ de debit - (care indicd faptui cd in
debitiil unui cont a fost fdcutd o
inregistrare) debit advice
~ de dispensa - (notd a unuia dintre
titularii unui cont comun prin care
renunta la dreptui de a primi extras de
cont separaf) notice of dispensation
~ de expediere/expeditie - advice of
dispatch, forwarding agent's notice;
(mar.) advice of shipment, shipping advice

48

~ de expeditie pe mare - sailing

advice
~ de incasare - collection advice
~ de incarcare si expeditie - (mar.)
shipping note
~ de incetare a platilor - notice to
suspend payments
~ de livrare - delivery advice
~ de nava ,,gata de operare" acceptat
- (mar.) accepted notice of readiness
~ de neonorare - (a unei cambii)
notice of dishonour
~ de plata - demand note
~ de primire - notice of receipt
~ de retragere de fbnduri withdrawal notice
~ de sosire a marfii pe calea ferata railway advice
aviza v.t. to advise; to give smb. notice;
(a instiinta) to inform, to notify; (a
avertizd) to warn
avizare s.f. advice; notice, notification
~ a interesului asigurat - (asig.)
notice of interest declared
~ a tncasarii - advice of collection
~ a plecarii - (navei) (mar.) sailing
notice
~ a scadentei - notice to pay
~ a sosirii - (navei, a mdrfurilor)
arrival notice
~ de nava ,,gata de operare" - (mar.)
notice of readiness
~ de nava ,,la rand" - (mar.) stem
note
avizier s.n. notice/poster board,
billboard
avocat s.m. lawyer, advocate, attorney
(-at-law); (in instantele superioare)

AVI-AZI

barrister; (in instantele inferioare) solicitor; (care

pregdteste actele in vederea unui transfer de
proprietate) conveyancer
~ cu drept de acces la o anumita instanta - attorney
special ~ cu drept de acces la toate instantele attomey-at-large
a consulta un ~ - to take legal advice avocatura s.f.
legal/lawyer's profession, bar
avut adj. rich, wealthy, well-off, able in estate; (despre
close) propertied, proprietary s. n. wealth; property ~
public - public wealth/property avutie s.f. wealth ~
nationala - national wealth axa s.f. axis
~ temporala - (instrument de analizd monetard prin
care se abordeazd evenimentele
dintr-o
anumita
conjuncture financiara) time line axioma s.f.
assumption ~ a preferintelor revelate - (funda-mentui
unei teorii a cererii care se bazeazd numai pe fenomene
obser-vabile si mdsurabile) revealed preferences
assumption axiomele preferintelor consuma-torului
- (in teoria subiectivd a consumatorului individual,
ipoteze ale analizei
comportamentului
consumatorului si ale testdrii caracterului rational al acestui
comportament) consumer's preferences assumptions
azil s.n. asylum; (pentru bdtrdni, sdraci) almshouse

B
baci s.n. tip, gratuity, baksheesh,
douceur
a da cuiva un ~ - to give smb. a
gratuity, to give smb. smth. for himself,
to tip smb.
bagaj s.n. luggage; baggage
bal s.n. (balot de marfa) bale, (load)
pack
~ cu invelis - wrapped bale
~ de bumbac - cotton bale
balansa v.t. (un cont) to balance, to
even up
balanta s.f. 1. (cdntar) balance, (pair
of) scales, weighing machine 2. (cont.,
fin.) balance
~ a concesiilor - balance of
concessions
~ comerciala - balance of trade, trade
balance
~ comerciala activa/excedentara active/favourable balance of trade
~ comerciala pasiva/deficitara passive/adverse/unfavourable balance
of trade
~ de lichiditati - (situatie comparativd
a incasdrilor bdnesti si a platilor
exigibile la un moment daf) balance of
liquidity
~ de plati - balance of payments
~ de plati activa/excedentara active/favourable balance of payments
~ de plati pasiva/deficitara passive/adverse/unfavourable balance
of trade
~ de verificare - (cont.) trial balance
~ financiara - financial balance

~ globala (suma tuturor tranzactiilor

autonome sau oficiale finantate cu sau
fdrd folosirea rezervelor) overall
balance
~ invizibila - (a serviciilor) invisible
balance
~ materiala/economica - (tablou
statistico-economic prin care se evalueazd resursele necesare producerii
de bunuri) material/economic balance
~ patrimoniala - (situatia financiara. a
unei firme la un anumit moment)
patrimonial/assets balance
~ romana - steelyard, Roman balance
~ vizibila (a exporturilor i a
importurilor vizibile/de mdrfuri) visible
balance
~ zecimala - decimal weighing
machine
balast s.n. ballast; (c.f.) metal ballast;
gravel sand bed; (mar.) (shingle)
ballast, lastage
~ la plecare - (mar.) departure ballast
balasta v.t. to ballast
baleniera s.f. whaleboat
balot s.n. bale, ballot, pack, package
~ de bumbac - cotton bale
~ de marfa - bale, ballot, load pack
balotaj s.n. tie vote, ballotage
ban s.m. 1. (monedd) coin 2. pi. money
bani activi - (aflati efectiv in
circulatie) active money
~ de buzunar/cheltuiala - pocket/pin/
spend money
~ de contiinta - (sumd trimisd
anonim de cineva pentru plata unor

50

impozite de la care initial s-a eschivat)

conscience money
~ de cosnita - housekeeping money
~ de hartie - paper money
~ de plastic - {mijioc de platd prin
cartea de credit) plastic money
~ efectivi - real money
~ expediati - remittance
~ faisi - false/counterfeit/phoney
money
~ fierbinti - (capital atras din
strdindtate de dobdnzi ridicate sail de
un climat politic sigur) hot money
~ flotanti - (delimit! de bancheri i
care nu pot fi investiti din cauza lipsei
oportunitdtilor de afaceri i a situatiei
generate de o lichiditate excesivd decdt
in depozite la banca centrala) floating
money
~ imprumutati pentru o zi - (credit
zilnic acordat de band caselor de
compensate) day-to-day money
~ in casa - (numerar intrat in casierie)
cash-in, cash-in-hand
~ lichizi - cash, ready money
~ marunti - change, small
change/coin/money, loose cash/change/
money
~ metalici hard money
~ murdari - (proveniti din afaceri
ilegale) dirty cash, black money
~ neinvestiti - dead/idle money
~ plasati de investitori cu experienta
- smart money
~ potriviti - change
~ provizorii (cambii si bonnri de
tezaur) temporary money
~ publici - public funds
~ reprezentativi - (hdrtie-monedd cu
acoperire totald in metale pretioase)
representative money

BAN-BAN

~ riscati - (intr-o afacere) stake

~ scripturali/de cont - checkable
money
~ scumpi - (acordati cu dobdnzi foarte
mart) tight money, money squeeze
a da ~ cu dobanda - to lend (out)
money at/on interest
a strange ~ - to hoard up money
a-si valorifica - to get value for one's
money
bancar adj. banking, bank...
banca s.f. bank
~ - agent - (desemnata de un consortiu bancar so. administreze un impriimnt sindicalizaf) agent bank
~ agricola - agricultural bank; land
bank
~ beneficiara - (a unui transfer de
fonduri) receiving bank
~ centrala/nationala - central/national
bank, bankers'/parent bank
~ comerciala - bank of commerce,
commercial/trade/trading/merchant
bank
~ - corespondent - (relatia permanentd a unei band pe altd piatd financiard unde ea nu dispune de o reprezentantd proprie) correspondent bank
~ de cliring - clearing bank
~ de concentrare - (a fondurilor din
alte band) concentration bank
~ de consortiu - consortium bank
~ de credit - credit bank
~ de date - data bank
~ de depuneri - bank of deposit,
deposit bank
~ de economii - savings bank; (in
Marea Britanie, band care acceptd
depuneri mid) penny bank
~ de economii si societate de
constructii - (institutu financiare,

BAN-BAR

similare bdncilor, care acordd credits pentru

populatie In vederea construirii si a cumpdrdrii
de case) building society/and loan association ~
de emisiune - bank of issue, note issuing bank
~ de investitii - investment bank ~ de scont discount bank ~ de stat - state bank ~ de
virament - transfer bank ~ ipotecara mortgage bank ~ membra - (a Casei de
Compensate din Londra sail, in SUA, a
Sistemului Rezervelor Federate) member bank
~ mutuala de economii - (SUA) mutual savings
bank
~ negociatoare - (bancd ce crediteaza
exportatorul cu volumul creditului documentor
dupd verificarea doctimentelor) negotiating
bank ~ nemembra - (a Sistemului
Rezervelor Federate) (SUA) nonmember
bank
~ ordonatoare - instructing bank ~ regionala district/local bank ~ secundara - (societate de
credit care finanteazd achizitionarea de bunuri
cu plata in rate) secondary bank ~ sigura/de
incredere - reliable bank ~ specializata in
girarea succe-siunilor - trust bank
~ universala (care efectueazd toatd gama de
operatii si servicii) all--purpose/full-service
bank banci mari - (care acordd impru-muturi
comerciale si industriale) whole banks
~ pentru activitati cu amanuntui -(care
acordd credite persoanelor fizice sifirmelor
mid) retail banks bancher .s-.w. banker;
financier

bancnota s.f. bank note, note; paper currency;

(SUA) bill; soft money ~ falsa forged/counterfeit bank note bancnote
marcate - (pentru orga-nizarea unui flagrant)
marked notes bancomat s.n. automatic
teller machine, cash dispenser; (SUA)
cashomat
bancruta s.f. bankruptcy ~ frauduloasa fraudulent/embezzled bankruptcy
banderola s.f. (care atestd plata taxei de
timbru) revenue stamp banita s.f. (unitate de
capacitate) bushel
bara v.t. (un cec) to cross barare s.f. (a unui
cec) crossing ~ generala - general crossing ~
speciala special crossing baraterie s.f. (acte
sdvarsite de coman-dant sau echipaj, care
dduneazd navei sail caricului acesteia) (asig.
mar.) barratry
bariera s.f. barrier; (c.f.) railway gate, railwaycrossing barrier; (unde se incaseazd taxele de
trecere pe sosele, poduri etc.) toll bar/gate; (la
intrarea pe aiitostrdzile cu taxd) turnpike
bariere comerciale - barriers to trade ~ de
iesire (a unei firme de pe o piatd, dacd se
are in vedere necesitatea recuperdrii
costurilor de intrare) barriers to exit, exit
barriers ~ de intrare - (a unei firme pe o piatd)
barriers to entry, entrance barriers ~ netarifare
- nontariff barriers ~ vamale custom/hostile
tariffs baril s.m. (unitate de capacitate) barrel
barja s.f. barge
~ - container - floating barge container

52

barometru s.n. barometer

~ al pietei - barometer of the market
barter s.n. (co/n.) barter
bate v.t. (moneda) to mint, to coin, to
emboss, to strike, to stamp
batere s.f. (de moneda) mintage,
coinage
bazar s.n. baza(a)r
~ de binefacere - baza(a)r
~ de solduri -jumble sale
baza s.f. base; basis
~ a profitului - (folositd la calcularea
impozitului) earnings basis
~ aeriana - air base
~ de active - asset base
~ de aprovizionare - supply base
~ de impunere - basis of assessment/
taxation, tax assessment/base
~ de productie - production basis
~ militara - military base
~ monetara - (termen utilizat pentru a
desemna depozitele la vedere, existente
in medie mtr-o perioadd de timp,
pentru a desemna cantitatea de numerar intrat in sistemul bancar; agregat
monetar care include activele monetare
lichide, precum rezervele bdncilor comerciale, numerarul in circulate si in
casieriile bdncilor comerciale, activele
care pot fi utilizate instantaneu pentru
efectuarea pidtilor) monetary base
~ navala - naval base
~ sportiva - sports base/grounds
~ tehnico-materiala - technical and
material resources/supplies
bazin^.n. basin
~ carbonifer - coal basin/field
~ de manevra - (mar.) manoeuvring
basin
~ de marfuri in vrac - (mar.'\ bulk
handling cargo dock

BAR-BEN

~ de radub - (mar.) dry dock

~ pentru petroliere - oil dock
~ portuar - dock (basin), harbour,
harbour/port basin, harbo(u)rage
~ portuar comercial - commercial
dock
~ portuar cu maree - (cu porti care
mentin acelasi nivel al apei) wet dock
~ portuar de export - export dock
~ portuar deschis - (fdrd ecluzd sau
poartd de maree) open basin/dock
~ portuar interior - inner dock
bacan s.m. grocer; provision dealer/
merchant
bacanie s.f. 1. (magazin) grocer's
(shop), grocery 2. (meserie) grocery
trade
banesc adj. money..., pecuniary
banos adj. paying, yielding money,
moneymaking;
remunerative,
profitable, lucrative
bel$ug s.n. plenty, abundance;
(bogdtie) wealth, opulence
din ~ - in abundance, plentifully
beneficia v.i. (de pe urma) to derive
advantage (from), to turn smth. to
account; to profit (by), to derive profit
(from), to benefit (by)
beneficiar s.m. 1. beneficiary;
(utilizatorul unui produs finit) (end-)
-user 2. (al unei plati, al unui efect de
comert) payee
~ al unei anuitati - (asig.) annuitant
~ al unui drept de retentie - lien
holder
~ alternativ - (al unei cambii, al unui
cec) alternative payee
~ de venituri - income beneficiary
~ eventual (persoana sau persoanele
desemnate sd incaseze prima de deces
in cazul in care beneficiarul principal

BER-BIL

moare inaintea asiguratului) {asig.)

contingent beneficiary ~ fictiv - (al
uneipldti)
fictitious
payee
~
impersonal/nespecificat - (formula pe un
cec) impersonal payee ~ in indiviziune {dr.) joint beneficiary
beneficiu s.n. 1. (profit) profit, gain,
benefit, proceeds, revenues, earnings,
return 2. (dr.) benefit, privilege ~ aleatoriu
- contingent profit ~ brut - gross profit
~ contabil (plusvaloare obtinutd prin
revalorizarea unor posturi de activ sail
prin deprecierea unor posturi de pasiv)
book profit
~ in natura - (pbtinut de un angajat in
afara salariului) benefit in kind ~ public public benefit ~ suplimentar/nedistribuit
- surplus earnings
beneflcii considerabile - considerable/
hefty profits
~ de exploatare - operating profits ~ de
pensionare - retirement benefits ~
descrescande - diminishing profits ~
reduse - scanty profits ~ scontate - profit
expectations ~ scontate fara rezerve unconditional expected profits a participa
la ~ - to share in the profits
a realiza un beneficiu - to make a profit
a se solda cu ~ - to come out of the red
benzina s.f. petrol; (SUA) gas(oline),
gasolene
~ cu cifra octanica inalta/ridicata -highoctane petrol/gasoline ~ grea - heavy
naphtha ~ usoara - light naphtha

53

beton s.n. concrete

~ armat - reinforced/steel concrete
~ de ciment - cement concrete
precomprimat
pre-stressed
concrete
~ prefabricat - built-up concrete ~
torcretat - gunite, shot crete betona v.t. to
(build with) concrete bianual adj.
biannual, semiannual bilant s.n. 1.
(contabil) balance sheet 2. (raport) report,
statement ~ consolidat - {bilantui unui
grup, intocmit prin unificarea bilanturilor
tuturor
filialelor
componente)
consolidated balance sheet ~ de ansamblu
- general balance sheet ~ de lichidare - (al
unei societdti in lichidare sau al unui
debitor falit) statement of affairs
~ intermediar - (bilant intocmit la o data
care nil corespunde cu finalul exercitiului
financiar al societdtii) interim statement
~ pasiv/deficitar - passive balance ~ social
- (raport care prezintd cheitu-ielile unei
intreprinderi si prestatiile sale in functie de
mediul social) social report
a face bilantui - to draw up/to strike the
balance of; {cu sens figuraf) to survey, to
review, to sum up bilateral adj. bilateral
bilateralism s.n. (corn.) bilateralism bilet
s.n. {la teatru) (admission) ticket, theatre
ticket; (pentru un mijioc de transport in
comun) fare; {c.f.) (railway) ticket; {de
loterie) (lottery) ticket
~ cu pret redus - {c.f.) cheap ticket ~ cu
pret redus 50% - {c.f.) half-fare ticket

54

~ de banca - bank note, paper money

~ de banca falsificat - dud note
~ de credit - (notificare prin care
clientnl este instiintat de cdtre un furnizor cd acesta i-a creditat contui, specificdndu-se si suma respectivd) credit
memorandum/note
~ de excursie/in circuit - tourist ticket
~ de peron - platform ticket
~ de week-end (valabil numai in
aceastd perioada) (c.f.) weekend ticket
~ direct - (c.f.) through ticket
~ dus-intors - return ticket
~ in circuit - circular/round-trip ticket
~ intreg - full-fare ticket
~ la ordin - promissory note, note of
hand
~ la ordin de garantie colaterala {prin care se ipotecheazd o anumitd
garantie in contui unui imprumut)
collateral note
~ la ordin platibil la cerere - demand
note
~ la ordin simplu/cu un singur nume
- {eel al personnel care se vnprumutd)
one-name paper
~ simplu/de dus - (c.f.) single ticket
~ valabil/de corespondenta - {c.f.}
transfer ticket
bilunar adj. bimonthly, semimonthly,
fortnightly
bimetalism s.n. (fin.) bimetallism,
double standard
biodegradabil adj. biodegradable
bioeconomie s.f. bioeconomics
biotehnologie s.f. biotechnology
birocrat s.m. bureaucrat, red tapist
birocratic adj. bureaucratic
biroeratie s.f. bureaucracy, red
ta p e/tapc ry/tap i s m
birfctica A'/.' office automation

B1L-BOG

birou s.n. office; (departament) bureau

~ de informatii - inquiry office,
information bureau/office
~ de ipoteci - mortgage registry
~ de mesagerie - receiving house/
office, parcel office
de plasare - employment/
unemployment exchange ~ de plati pay/paying office ~ de schimb valutar exchange office ~ de antier - site/job office ~
de verificare a solvabilitatii - (unui client sau
a uneifirme) credit bureau ~ de voiaj - travel
bureau ~ vamal - customs office blancheta s.f.
(blank) form a completa o ~ - to fill up a form
bloc s.n. 1. block 2. (casa) apartment house,
block (of flats) 3. (economic, politic} bloc;
coalition ~ de agregat - unit
~ de locuinte - residential building bloca v./. to
block; (conturi, credite) to block, to freeze; (un
capital intr-o investitie nerentabild etc.) to lock
away/up
blocada s.f. blockade ~ economica - economic
blockade ~ militara - military blockade bloca j
s.n. block ~ Hnanciar - illiquidity blocare .s'./
block, freeze ~ a contului - account's
obstruction " a creditelor - credit squeeze
blocat adj. (despre conturi, credite) blocked,
frozen boala s.f. illness; (de dwatu) disease
profesionala - industrial/
occupational/trade disease bogat adj. \. nch; (cu
hani) moneyed;
(avtit) wcaithv, well-off/'-to-do: able iii

BOG-BRA

estate; (despre close) proprietary

2. (abundenf) abundant, plentiful,
heavy s.m. rich man; pi. (bogatii) the
rich (people), the wealthy/moneyed
classes, the well-to-do, the upper crust
a deveni ~ - to become rich, to make
money
bogatie s.f. 1. riches; {avere) wealth.
means 2. (abundenta) abundance.
profusion
~ nationals - national wealth
bogatii naturale - natural wealth
boicots.n. boycott
boicota v.t. to boycott; (a ordona
tuturor membrilor umii sindicat sd
boicoteze produscle iinei mtreprinderi
ai caret muncitori suiit in grevd) to
black
boicotare s.f. boycotting
bol$evism s.n. bolshevism
bon s.n. bill, order, voucher, ticket; (tie
cartela) coupon; (atasat unui titlii de
valoare la purtdtor) coupon; (chitantd)
receipt
~ de casa - cash voucher
~ de ieire - (din magazie) issue
voucher
~ de livrare - delivery order, bill of
delivery, freight release
~ de masa - (oferit salariatilor de
firma imde lucreaza) luncheon voucher
~ de tezaur - (titlu de stat, instrument
financiar emis de autoritatea fiscald
pentru fmantarea temporard a
deficitului bugetar) Treasury bill
~valoric- scrip
bonifica v.t. to make up/good
bonificatie s.j'. [corn.) allowance.
reduction; rebate, discount, bonus
~ comerciala - trade discount
~ la cantitate - vuiuinc discount

55

~ la pretui convenit - reduction on the agreed

price
~ pentru plata in numerar - cash discount
~ suplimentara/speciala - extra
allowance/discount
bonitate s.f. creditworthiness, financial
reliability bonus s.n. bonus bord s.n. (ai navei)
board ~ la bord - (mod de acoslare) (mar.}
alongside, side by side, chine to chine ~ liber
(intre linia de incdrcure si linia puntii)
(mar.) freeboard ~ liber pentru caric de
cherestea -(mar.) timber freeboard borderou
s.n. bordereau, (detailed) memorandum,
memorandum of contents, docket, list, note;
(corn.) schedule; (la receptia marfurilor) tally
sheet; (de cumpdrare sail vdnzare de acfiuni)
contract note
~ al agentului de incarcare - (mar.) broker's
return
~ al brokerului - (bur.) broker's contract note
- de cecuri - check list ~ de cheltuieli - note of
expenses ~ de decontari - settlement check ~
de expeditie - waybill ~ de plata a salariilor wages docket ~- de preturi - (corn.) schedule
of prices
~ de schimb valutar - exchange contract
~ de vanzare - sale note/sheet bovine s.f. pi.
bovmes, (horned) cattle bransa s.f. branch,
line; (doineniu} domain, sphere, area (of
activity1 '- de ataceri - ime of business

56

brat s.n. (unitate de mdsurd pentru

lungime) (mar.) fathom
breasia s.f. guild, corporation; craft
brevet s.n. patent, certificate, licence
~ de capitan de cursa lunga master's certificate/licence
~ de inventie - (letters) patent
~ de pilot - pilot's licence
~ neutilizat - (brevet al unui produs
care nu este introdus in circuitui
comercial) sleeping patent
a cere un ~ - to apply for a patent
a exploata un ~ - to work a patent
a i se acorda un ~ - to be issued a
patent
a obtine un ~ - to take out a patent
breveta v.t. (pe cinevd) to grant a
patent/certificate to; (o inventie) to
(protect by) patent
brevetare s.f. patenting
~ preemptiva/de blocare - (brevetarea unui produs sau a until proces
tehnologic cu scopul de a-l face
inaccesibil concurentei) preemptive
patenting
brevetat adj. patented, appointed by
letters patent; (despre produse)
proprietary
brigadier s.m. (sef de brigadd)
brigade/team leader; (membra al unei
brigdzi) brigade member
~ silvic - forester, forest keeper/ranger
broker s.m. broker
~ cu atributii complete - full-service
broker
~ cu titlu neoficial - (care define
actiuni inregistrate pe numele sdu, si
nu pe eel al clientului, cu scopul de a
usura tranzactia si ca garantie cd
aceasta se va realiza in limitele finan-

ciare prestabilite) street name

BRA-BUG

~ de asigurari - insurance broker;

(membru al unei asociatii profesionale)
incorporated broker
~ de navlosire - (mar.) freight broker
~ la bursa de marfuri - commodity
broker
~ maritim - shipbroker
~ neoficial - curb/outside broker,
kerb(-stone) broker, outsider
~ oficial/autorizat - sworn broker
brokeraj s.n. brokerage, courtage
~ maritim - ship brokerage
brosura s.f. booklet, prospectus, leaflet
brut adj. 1. (neprelucrat) crude, raw;
unmanufactured, unfinished 2. (despre
profit) gross
bucata s.f. piece, bit; (parte) part,
portion; (fragment) fragment
buget-y.n. budget
~ de austeritate - austerity budget
~ de capital - capital budget
~ de familie - family budget
~ de marketing - marketing budget
~ de numerar/trezorerie - (care
prezintd fluxurile de numerar) cash
budget/forecast
~ de productie - production budget
~ de publicitate - advertising budget
~ de stat - state/national budget
~ de venituri i cheltuieli - incomes
and expenditure budget
~ deficitar - adverse budget
~ echilibrat - balanced budget
~ flexibil - flexible budget
~ general consolidat - consolidated
general budget
~ interimar - interim budget
~ local - local budget
~ preliminar - preliminary budget
~ promotional - (pentru publicitatea
unui produs) promotional budget

BUG-BUN

~ variabil - variable budget a prezenta

bugetui - to introduce the budget, to bring
in the estimates a vota ~ - to pass the
budget bugetar adj. budgetary billeting./!,
bulletin
~ bursier/de bursa - (cu date despre
cursurile zilnice, volumul tranzactiilor etc.)
exchange bulletin/list, printed exchanges,
list of quotations, market report
~ de comanda - (cow.) order form ~ de
expeditie - dispatch note ~ de stiri - news
bulletin ~ de vot - voting paper, ballot ~
meteorologic - weather forecast/ report
~ zilnic al miscarii navelor si a marfurilor - customs bill of entry bumbac-y.n.
cotton ~ brut - (neprelucrat) raw cotton ~
in bale/baloturi - cotton bale ~ - vata cotton wool bun adj. good s.n. 1. (avere)
property, fortune; estate 2. pi. (mobile)
goods ~ abandonat - (in special nova)
derelict
~ alienabil - alienable property ~
inalienabil - unalienable property ~ salvat
- (mar.) salvage ~ transmisibil transferable
property
bunuri
ale
echipajului scutite de navlu - (mar.)
seaman's free cargo ~ aruncate in mare (care plutesc) flo(a)tsam;
(care s-au
scufundat) jettison, jetsam; (scufundate fi
balizate in vederea recuperdrii) lagan,
ligan ~ complementare - (produse a cdror
utilizare nu este posibild dacd nil se
consumd impreund cu ele unul sau mai
multe bunuri) complementary goods

57

~ corporale - (dr.) corporeal property ~ de

capital - (active fixe, bunuri folosite in
procesul de productie si care au durata de
viatd de eel putin un an) capital goods
~ de consum - consumer/consumption
goods
~ de consum cu circulatie rapida -fastmoving consumer goods ~ de folosinta
imediata - consumer nondurables
~ de folosinta indelungata/durabile consumer durables
~ de investitie/productie/instrumen-tale (bunuri care participd la producerea altor
bunuri economice) production goods
~ economice - economic goods ~
finale - final goods
~ fungibile - (bunurile la care orice spetd
reproduce toate caracteristicile genului)
fungible goods ~ imobile/imobiliare - (dr.)
chattels real, real estate, immovable/fixed
property; (proprietate funciard) landed
property
~ incorporale - (dr.) intangible property
~ indivize - (dr.) indivisum estate ~
intermediare - (supuse unor transformdri,
dar care se afid in diferite etape ale
ciclidui de productie) intermediary goods
~ libere - (asa-numitele ,,daruri ale
naturii", cele care nu ridicd probleme de
disponibilitate sau proprietate preciim
aerul, cdldura cosmicd etc.) free goods
~ marfare - commodity goods ~ materiale
- (dr.) tangible property

58

~ mobile/mobiliare - (dr.) chattels

personal, personal property/effects,
movables, goods and chattels
~ nefungibile - (bunurile la care
spetele pdstreazd caracteristicile defimtorii ale genului, msa fiecare prezintd nnele trasafuri individualizante)
nonfungible goods
~ prezente - (dr.} actual assets
~ primare - (obtinnte din mediul
natural prin exploatarea resurselor
natiirale) primary goods
~ private - private goods
~ publice - public goods
~ substituibile - substitute goods
~ vacante - (dr.) ownerless property
~ viitoare - (dr.) future estate
bunastare s.f. well-being, welfare,
prosperity
~ colectiva - collective welfare
~ economica - economic welfare
~ nationals - public welfare
bursa s.f. 1. (^colara, universitard)
scholarship (grant), bursary, bursarship
2. (piatd publicd organizatu) exchange
~ a muncii - labour exchange
~ calma (cu interes scdzut pentm
tranzactii) quiet market

BUN-BUT

~ de cereale - corn/grain exchange

~ de grau - (SUA) wheat pit
~ de marfuri - commodity/mercantile/
produce exchange
~ de metale - metal exchange
~ de optiuni - (specializatd m tranzactionarea de optiuni yi contracte financiare futures) options exchange
~ de produse agricole - produce
exchange
~ de valori - stock exchange/market
~ in cre^tere/urcare - bull market
~ in scadere - bear market
~ maritima - shipping exchange
~ neoficiala - kerb(-stone) market,
street market
~ oficiala - organized exchange
~ valutara - foreign currency
exchange
a specula la-stock exchange bu$el s.m.
(imitate bushel
butic .s'./;, boutique to speculate on the de
hutoi s.n. cask: (mic)
barrel, kilderkin, keg;
capacitate}
(mare}
butt,
hogshead, tun; (hac) vat; (inetalic) drum

C
cabina s.f. box, cabin; (de vapor)
cabin, berth, stateroom; (de vagon de
dormit) berth
~ telefonica - call box, telephone
booth
cabotaj s.n. (mar.) cabotage, coast
navigation, coastal shipping/trade/
traffic/transportation, coasting/home
trade, coastwise shipping/trade, inshore
trade,short haul
~ extern - foreign trade
~ intern - inland trade
~ national (intre porturile aceluiasi
stat, aflate in man diferite) great
coasting trade, home trade
cabotier s.n. (mar.) coaster, coastwise
ship/vessel, short-haul vessel, coast
trade ship/vessel, coastal/coasting
ship/vessel
cadastra v.t. to make the cadastre of;
to survey and value cadastral
adj. cadastral
cadastre, cadastral registry, real estate
re nster)
cadastru s.n.
cadou s.n. present, gift
.survey; land
~ publicitar - advertising
gift
cadre s.n. pi. staff, personnel
~ de conducere - managing staff
caiet s.n. (writing) book
~ de mostre - pattern book
~ de sarcini - specification conditions,
articles and conditions; (note de
livrare) terms of supply; (conditii
tehnice/de exp lou fare) technical
conditions, job specifications
cal s.m. horse

~ -putere - horse power

calamitate s.f. calamity, disaster
~ naturala - natural calamity; (lermeii
contractual de navlosire si conosament) (mar.} act of God
calcul s.n. calculation, computation,
reckoning; calculus
~ actuarial - actuarial calculation
~ al pretului de cost - costing
~ al pretului de cost al procesului de
fabricatie - process costing
~ al pretului de cost pe loturi - batch
costing
~ al pretului de cost pe unitate de
produs - unit costing
~ aproximativ - rough estimate
~ economic rational - rational
economics calculation
~ pe cap de locuitor - capitation
~ si plata la casa - (intr-un magazin i
checkout
~ uniform al pretului de cost
uniform costing
calcula v.t. to calculate, to compute, to
reckon
~ gresit - to miscalculate
- media - to average
calculare s.f. calculation, computauon
reckoning
~ a bugetului pe baza zero (inei0i.h,
de alcatuire a bu^eiului, cure pi^nc .
de la premisa iinui buvet inexisteiit .;.;
annl precedent) zero-based hudgctiMy~ a impozitului - tax assessment
~ a tarei - taring
~ a tonajuiui - tonnage/vuinri..
calciiiatitin

CAM-CAM

~ externa - (platibild in strdindtate)

foreign bill; (SUA) external bill
~ Herbinte - (cu scadenta apropiata)
hot bill
~ interna - (platibild in tara unde a
fost emisd) domestic/inland/home bill
~ in alb - blank bill
~ inlocuita - (cu alte cambii) retired
bill
~ intr-un singur exemplar - sola (of
exchange)
~ la cerere - demand bill
~ la termen - period/time bill
~ la termen conform uzantei - usance
bill
~ la vedere - sight bill
~ onorata - discharged bill
~ pe baza de documente contra
acceptare - documents-against-acceptance bill
~ pe baza de documente contra plata
- documents-against-payment bill
~ pe termen lung - long (-dated) bill
~ pe termen scurt - short (-dated) bill
~ retrasa (inainte de scadenta)
retired bill
~ trasa in devize - currency bill
cambii de incasat - bills receivable/for
collection
~ de platit - bills payable
~ in mai multe exemplare - bills in a
set

~ pentru scontare - bills for discount

al doilea exemplar al cambiei second via/of exchange
al treilea exemplar al ~ - third of
exchange
camera s.f. chamber; room
~ agricola - chamber of agriculture
~ de asteptare - waiting room
~ de comert - chamber of commerce

61

~ de comert $i industrie - chamber of

commerce and industry
~ de navigatie - chamber of shipping
~ de valori/tezaur - (intr-o banca)
(safety) vault, strongroom
~ frigorifica - cold/refrigerating
chamber
camere cu chirie/de inchiriat lodgings
camion s.n. lorry; (SUA) truck; (de
mobila) van

~ basculant - tip/tipping lorry, dump

truck
~ -cisterna de benzina - petrol bulk
lorry
~ de mutari - removal van
~ frigorific - refrigerated truck
~ pentru transport de mobila furniture van
~ pentru transportui animalelor vii cattletruck
~ - platforma - platform lorry
camionagiu^./n. carman, trucker
~ autorizat sa transporte marfuri din
i in antrepozite vamale - bonded
carman
camionaj s.n. carting, cartage
(service), haulage
camioneta s.f. pickup (truck), light
lorry/truck; (pentru livrdri) delivery
car/van
campanie s.f, campaign
~ a la baisse - (bur.) bear campaign/
raid/tack
~ a la hausse (bur.) bull campaign
~ de marketing - marketing campaign
~ de vanzari - sales campaign/drive,
selling campaign
~ electorala - election/electoral
campaign

62

~ organizational;! (campanie publicitard menitd sd cultive imagined iinei

companii in ansamblu) corporate
campaign
~ publicitara - advertising campaign/
drive, publicity campaign
canal s.n. 1. (natural) channel;
(artificial) canal 2. (de sciirgere) drain;
(din case) sewer; (rigold) gutter;
(colector) sewer; 3. (de televiziune)
channel
~ de distributee - (prin care produsul
finit ajunge la consumatorul final)
channel of distribution, distribution
channel
~ de irigatie - irrigation canal
~ de navigatie - ship canal/channel.
navigation channel, shipway
~ fluvial - river channel
~ maritim - seaway (canal), maritime
canal, ship canal/channel
cancelar^.w. chancellor
candidat s.m. 1. (la un post) candidate.
applicant (for a post) 2. (in alegeri)
nominee, candidate 3. (la un examen)
candidate
a propune un ~ - to nominate a
candidate
candidature s.f. nomination
canibalizare s.f. (situatie in care
cresterea volumului de vdnzdri pentru
o marcd provoacd scdderea cererii
pentru o alta apartindnd aceleiasi linii
de prodiise) cannibalization
cantaragiu s.m. (check) weigher
~ oficial/autorizat - sworn weigher
cantitate s.f. quantity, amount
~ de marfa - quantity of goods,
amount of cargo
~ de marfa transportata - haul

CAM-CAP

~ de produs transportat prin conducta pipe-line run ~ descarcata - landed quantity,

outturn ~ disponibila - available quantity
- economic comandata - (cantitate optima a
stocurilor care trebuie comandata) economic
ordering quantity
~ economic comandata pe lot -economic
batch/lot quantity ~ incarcata - shipped
quantity ~ inscrisa in documentele de transport - waybilled quantity ~ livrata/predata delivered measure/ weight
~ nevagonabila - less-than-truck load ~
suficienta - fair quantity ~ totala - gross
amount ~ vagonabila - waggon-load cantitativ
adj. quantitative cap s.n. 1. head; (de locuitor)
head 2. (ef) head,chief
- de linie - railway terminal, railhead;
terminus
capete de acuzare - (dr.) counts of the
charge/indictment, specifications of
charge
~ de vite - heads of cattle
capac s.n. (limitd superioard impusd
dobdnzii, mai ales in cazul ipotecii cu
dobdndd variabila) (fin.) cap
capacitate s.f. 1. (volum) capacity,
volume 2. (aptitudine, facilitate)
ability, capability, qualification,
capacity; (competentd) competence 3.
(dr.) capacity, legal competence/
capacity, ability
~ a magaziei - (mar.) hold capacity
~ a navei - capacity of a ship
~ a spatiului de sub punte - (mar.)
underdeck capacity

CAP-CAP

- bruta - gross capacity

~ contractuala - (dr.) capacity to
contract
~ cubica (in picioare cubice sail
metri cnbi) (mar.) cargo/cubic capacity,
ship's cubic capacity
~ cubica de depozitare - cubic storage
capacity
~ de a produce castig/venit - earning
capacity
~ de congelare - freezing capacity
~ de depozitare - storage capacity
~ de deservire a docului - dock
capacity
~ de finantare - financing capacity
~ de incarcare - (a navei) weight-carrying capacity, cargo capacity,
burden, lastage, loading/supporting
capacity
~ de incarcare pe punte - (mar.) deck
load capacity
~ de incarcare pentru cereale - grain
capacity/cubic space
~ de incarcare pentru cherestea lumber load capacity
~ de incarcare pentru minereu - ore
cargo capacity
~ de indatorare - (valoarea maxima a
datoriei in structura capitalului) (fin.)
debt capacity
~ de munca - working capacity.
capacity for work
~ de operare a portului - port
capacity
~ de plata - ability to pay, payment
capacity, solvency
~ de productie - productive/
production capacity, operating
efficiency
~ de refrigerare - (a instalatiei)
refrigerating capacity

63

~ de schimb - (posibilitatea de a plati

prin cambii fi, in consecintd, de a fi
snpus dreptnini cambial) capacity to
contract by bills
~ de stivuire - stowage capacity
~ de tancare - tankage capacity
~ de trafic - traffic capacity
~ de transport - carrying capacity
'- de transport a marfurilor de volum
- volume capacity
~ deadweight/totala de incarcare -(mar.)
deadweight capacity/all told/ carrying
capacity/tonnage, effective deadweight
~ excedentara - excess capacity; (de
productie) surplus capacity ~ excesiva
(de productie. fata de cerere) overcapacity
~ in baluri - (a navei) bale capacity/cubic
~ in containere - (a portcontaineruliii}
container capacity
~ in pasageri - (a navei) passengers in
berth
~ in vrac - capacity in bulk ~
jurisdictionala - (dr.) capacity to sue
~ legala - (dr.) legal competence/ capacity,
ability
~ navlosita - (mar.) freight tonnage ~
neta/utila de incarcare/de incarcare de
marfa - (mar.) deadweight cargo
capacity, cargo capacity/ deadweight,
carrying / net/ payload capacity, paying /
useful deadweight ~ neutilizata - idle
capacity
- nominala - nominal capacity ~
succesorala - (dr.) ability to inherit ~
testamentara - (dr.) testamentary capacity,
ability to make a will

64

~ volumetrica - measurement capacity,

cubic capacity/content capa s.f. {mar.) primage
~ si avarie conform uzantelor (clauzd de conosament) primage and
average accustomed
cap can a s.f. trap
capcana lichiditatilor - (situatie
apdrutd atunci cdnd dobdnzile pentru
obligatiuni sunt atdt de scdzute, meat
posibilii investitori opteazd pentru
detinerea de numerar) liquidity trap
~ saraciei - (situatie in care se afid o
persoand cu venituri mid, al cdrei
ajutor social e diminuat in functie de
cdstigul obtinut din munca suplimentard si care nu are stimulente
pentru a muncf) poverty trap
~ somajului - (lipsa de motivatie a
somerului de a cduta o slujbd atdta
vreme cat primeste ajutorul de somaj)
unemployment trap
capital adj. capital, chief, principal,
essential s.n. capital.
~ activ - (active pdstrate sub forma de
bani sau sub oricare altd forma care
poate fi rapid transformatd in
numerar) active capital
~ adecvat - (capacitatea capitalului
unei band de a face fata unei eventuale
evolutii negative a activelor sale fdrd a
deveni insolvabild) capital adequacy
~ angajat - (capitalul utilizat intr-o
afacere, activul net) capital employed/
owned
~ autohton - domestic capital
~ autorizat - (drept acordat consiliului de administrate al unei societdti
anonime de a emite actiuni la nivelul
autorizat al capitalului social)
authorized capital

CAP-CAP

- autorizat, dar neemis - authorized

but unissued capital
~ bancar - banking capital
~ blocat/imobilizat - lockaway,
lockup; frozen assets
~ circulant/de rulment - (parte a
capitalului real formatd din bunuri
care partidpd la un singur dclu de
productie, consumdndu-se complet in
decursul acestuia si care trebuie
inlocuite cu fiecare nou dclu)
circulating/working capital
~ comercial - (valoarea combinatd a
activelor fixe si curente ale unei firme)
trading capital
~ de baza - principal
~ de dotare - (capitalul social pus la
dispozitia unei sucursale de societatea-mamd) endowment capital ~ de exploatare operating capital ~ de investitie - investment
capital ~ de rezerva - (al unei band) surplus
reserve; capital of reserve ~ de rise - (investit
in activitdti cu grad ridicat de rise) venture
capital ~ declarat - stated capital ~ disponibil present/spare capital ~ emis - issued share
capital ~ emis sub forma de actiuni preferentiale - preference capital ~ fictiv - (capital
existent sub forma titlurilor de valoare)
fictitious capital ~ fix - (parte a capitalului real
formatd din bunuri durabile care partidpd la
mai multe dcluri de productie si care se
consumd treptat) fixed capital/
assets,
permanent assets, physical capital
~ fix specific - (cu anumitd intre-buintare in
procesul de productie) specific capital

CAP-CAP

~ global - total capital

~ inactiv/neproductiv - inactive/idle/
unproductive capital
~ indisponibil/nelichid - unavailable
capital
~ industrial - industrial capital
~ initial - initial/opening/seed capital,
principal
~ investit - invested capital
~ imprumutat - loan capital
~ in actiuni - share capital; (SUA)
capital stock
~ in actiuni comune -junior capital
~ in actiuni neachitate - (platibile in
rate de actionari) {bur.) uncalled
capital
~ in actiuni neemise - unissued capital
~ in numerar - cash capital
~ liber - free capital
~ lichid - liquid capital
~ - marfa - commodity capital
~ neemis - unissued share capital
~ mort/neproductiv - dead/
unproductive capital
~ nevarsat - unpaid capital
~ nominal - (expresie a capitalului
social al unei societdti comerciale
evaluat prin valoarea nominald a
titlurilor de proprietate emise) nominal
capital
~ obisnuit - (emis sub forma de actiuni
comune) ordinary capital
~ proaspat - (in special imprumuturi)
fresh money
~ productiv - productive capital
~ propriu/al actionarilor - (detindtori
de actiuni comune) equity, equity
capital, company equity, equity of a
company, shareholders '/stockholders'
equity

65

~ propriu esential - (al unei societdti)

core equity
~ real (capitalul existent in economia
reald, care rezultd dintr-un proces de
productie anterior si serveste la
producerea altor bunuri economice)
real capital
~ refugiat - (atras din strdindtate de
dobdnzi ridicate sau de un climat
politic sigur) refugee capital
~ social - (volumiil total de capital
emis de o societate comerciald sub
forma de actiuni - in cazul societdtilor
pe actiuni - sau de parti sociale - in
cazul societdtilor de persoane -)
registered/share capital; (SUA) capital
stock
~ strain foreign capital
~ subscris - (aportui in bani si in
naturd pe care asociatii sau actionarii
s-au angajat sd-l pund la dispozitia
societdtii comerciale, in calitatea lor
de proprietari) subscribed capital
~ si dobanda - principal and interest
~ transferal in strainatate - {din
motive de instabilitate politico, si
economica) funk money
~ uman - human capital
~ variabil - variable capital
~ varsat - paid-up/deposit capital
capitala s.f. (pras) capital
capitalism s. n. capitalism
~ contemporan - contemporary
capitalism
~ corporatist - corporate capitalism
~ de stat - state capitalism
~ monopolist - monopolistic/
monopoly capitalism
~ salbatic - wild capitalism
capitalist adj. capitalist(ic) s.m.
capitalist

66

capitaliza v.t. (bur., fin.) to capitalize

capitalizare s.f. (bur., fin.')
capitalization
- a rezervelor - (emisiune de actiuni
gratuite pentru actionarii existent!)
capitalization of reserves, scrip issue
~ bursiera (valoarea de piatd a unei
finne, data de cursul bursei pentru
acthmile emise si aflate in posesia
actionarilor) market capitalization
capitatie s.f. capitation (tax), head/poll
tax
caracteristica s.f. characteristic
(feature); salient feature
~ unica (trasaturi specifice care
diferentiazd un produs de concurentd si
care pot fi transmise consiimatorului
prin intermediul unui mesa/ publicitar
simplu) (corn.) unique selling
proposition
caracteristici ale produsului product features
~ tehnice si de exploatare ale navei ship's specification
carat s.n. carat
carburant^./M. fuel
card s.n. (plastic) card
~ bancar - bank card
~ cu cip - chip card
~ cu microprocesor - smart card
~ de numerar - (folosit la bancomate)
cash card
cargobot v. cargou
cargocontainer s.n. freight container
cargoplan s.n. (mar.) cargo/loading/
stowage plan
~ cu partizi de marfa - commodity
type stowage plan
~ final - final stowage plan
~ preliminar - tentative cargo plan

CAP-CAR

cargou s.n. cargo boat/carrier/ship/

vessel, freight boat/camer/ship/vessel,
freighter, general cargo carrier/ship/
vessel
~ - container - container carrier/ship/
vessel
~ de cabotaj - coastwise freighter
~ de linie - (cargo) liner
~ de marfuri usoare - light cargo
ship/vessel
~ de mic tonaj - sea lorry
~ mixt - (pentru marfuri si pasageri)
combination ship/vessel
- oceanic - ocean cargo vessel
~ pentru marfuri paletizate palletized cargo carrier
~ pentru marfuri standard - standard
cargo ship/vessel
~ universal - general-purpose cargo
vessel, all-cargo ship/vessel
caric s.n. (mar.) cargo, charge, burden,
load, freight, shipload, shipment,
floating cargo
~ amestecat (fdra mdrci si separatii)
bulk pile, mixed cargo
~ aruncat in mare - (balizat in
vederea reciiperdrii) lagan
~ complet - balance cargo, full cargo/
load, shipful
~ containerizabil - containerizable
cargo
~ cu fardaj - dunnage cargo
~ cu miros specific - (care contamineazd alte marfuri sensibile)
odorous cargo
~ cu penalizare - penalty cargo
~ de animale vii - live load
~ de cabotaj - coasting cargo }
~ de cereale - grain cargo
~ de cherestea - timber cargo; (SUA)
lumber cargo

CAR-CAR

~ de import - incoming cargo

~ de Tnapoiere/intoarcere - inbound
cargo/freight, inward cargo/freight,
home freight, homeward cargo/freight.
return cargo/freight/load
~ de linie - berth cargo
~ de materiale lemnoase - wood
cargo

~ de marfuri generale - general cargo

~ de petrol - oil/petrol/petroleum
cargo, cargo oil
~ de plecare - departure loading,
outbound freight, outward cargo/freight
~ de produse albe - clean cargo
~ de produse negre - black/dirty cargo
~ de punte - deck cargo/load,
shipment on deck
~ de umplutura - filler cargo
~ de volum/cubaj - measurement
cargo
~ deplasabil - shifting cargo, cargo
liable to be broached
~ deteriorat - damaged cargo
~ incompatibil - {care nupoatefi limit
Idngd alte marfuri) incompatible cargo
~ in baluri - bale cargo
~ in butoaie - barrel cargo, barrelled
cargo/goods
~ in cala - bottom cargo
~ in lazi - case cargo
~ in pericol - distress cargo
~ in saci - bagged cargo
~ in stare buna - (la sosirea navei in
portid de destinatie) cargo in good
condition
~ in tranzit - transit freight
~ in vrac - cargo/shipment in bulk,
bulk cargo/freight, cargo in bulk, loose
bulk cargo
~ incarcat pe baza de conosament cargo covered by bill

~ la optiune - {jam nominalizareu

portului) optional cargo ~ lichid - liquid
cargo
- mixt - mixed cargo
- nerujat - untrimmed cargo ~ nestivuit unstowed cargo ~ paletizat - palletized
cargo
pentru
strainatate
freight
outwards
~ periculos - dangerous cargo ~ plin si
complet - (mugaziile pline ,v;
nava afundatd pdiid la linia di
mcdrcare regulamenturd) full ami
complete cargo
~ rubrical - {in documente dc
transport) captioned/subject cargo
~ stivuit - stowed cargo
~ strivit - (din caiiza arimdrii necorespunzdtoare) crushed cargo
~ uniform repartizat - (pe magaza)
even load cargo
~ uscat - dry cargo
~ uscat in vrac - bulk dry cargo
~ usor (cu indice de stivuire de pesii.
50 de picioare cubice} light cargo
cariera s.f. 1. (de piatrd) quarry,
(stone) pit 2. career
a face ~ to work one's way up, to
have a good record
a imbratisa o ~ - to take up a career
carierism s.n. careerism
carierist s.m. careerist, office/place
hunter
caritabil adj. charitable, eleemosynary
carne s.f. (tdiatd sail preparata) meat
~ afumata - smoked/smoke-dried meat
~ alba - white meat
~ congelata - frozen meat
~ conservata - tinned/preserved/potted
meat; (SUA) canned meat
~ cruda - raw meat

68

~ proaspata - fresh/butcher's meat

~ roie - red meat
carnet s.n. 1. (pentru note) note book
2. (act) card; (permis) licence
~ de adrese - address book
~ de cecuri - cheque book; (SUA)
checkbook
~ de depozit - deposit book
~ de economii - passbook, savings
book
~ de marinar - sailor's pass, seaman's
passport
~ de membru - membership card
~ de plata/retinere a impozitului (pe salarin) tax deduction card
~ de sindicalist - union card
~ de sofer - driver's licence
carte s.f. book
~ de credit - credit card
~ de debit - debit card
~ de mare succes - best seller
~ de munca - workman's pass
~ de registru - (cu date despre
clasificarea navelor) register book
~ de telefon - telephone directory
~ de vizita - business card
~ de vizita cu specimen de semnatura
- signature card
~ funciara - land/cadastral register;
(SUA) land office
~ postala - postal card
~ tehnica - instruction book
cartea mare - (cont.) ledger
~ mare impersonala/generala (cont.) impersonal ledger
~ verde (de asigurare auto

internationala) green card

carti mari auxiliare/analitice - (cent.)
subsidiary ledgers
cartel s.n. cartel; pool, ring; syndicate
~ al armatorilor - shipowner's pool

CAR-CAR

~ al armatorilor de nave de linie liner conference

~ al speculantilor a la baisse - {bur.)
bear pool
~ al speculantilor a la hausse - (bur.)
bull pool
~ de companii de navigatie - traffic
pool
~ de optiuni - option pool
~ de stabilire a navlurilor - (mar.)
freight conference
~ maritim - shipping conference
~ pentru schimbul de licente asupra
brevetelor de inventie - patent pool
cartela v.t. to cartel, to cartelize, to
trustify
cartelare
s.f.
cartelization,
trustification
cartela s.f. (de alimente sail alte
produse uzuale) ration card/book
~ de alimente - food card
cartier s.n. district, section, ward;
(specific, industrial etc.) quarter ~ de
locuinte - residential district ~ de locuinte
aflat in administrarea autoritatilor
locale - council estate ~ de locuinte ieftine
- tenement district
~ elegant - brownstone district ~
muncitoresc - workers' (residential)
district/quarter cartofor.y.w. gambler
carton s.n. (mucava) pasteboard; (mai
subtire) cardboard
~ de ambalaj - packing cardboard ~ de
esantioane - (colectie de materials textile)
sample card cartona v.t. to bind in boards;
to paste cartonaj s.n. 1. (cartonare)
pasteboard work 2. (obiecte de carton)
pasteboard goods/wares

CAR-CAU

cartoteca s.f. 1. (fisier) card index 2.

(incapere) filing cabinet
casa v.t. (dr.) to annul, to quash, to
reverse
casa s.f. 1. house; (locuintd) dwelling,
habitation 2. (de corner!) house 3.
(casierie) cash office, pay desk/office;
{in magazin) desk, cash register, till; (la
banca) counter
~ cu apartamente sau camere de
mchiriat - lodging house
~ cu dependinte - (dr.) messuage
~ de ajutor reciproc - mutual
insurance/benefit fund
~ de amanet - pawnshop
~ de asigurari sociale - social
insurance fund
~ de bagaje - baggage room,
cloakroom
~ de bani - safe, strongbox; vault
~ de bilete - booking office; (la
cinema, teatru) box office
~ de broken - commission house
~ de comert - business/commercial/
trading house
~ de compensatie - clearing house
~ de economii - provident/savings
bank
~ de economii la oficiul postal - post-office savings bank
~ de inregistrare - (corn.) cash
register
~ de raport - tenement house
~ de schimb valutar - exchange office
~ de scont - discount house
~ mica - petty cash
~ neagra (cu fonduri nedeclarate)
slush fund
caseta s.f. (pentru bijuterii) casket;
(pentru bani) cashbox, money box;
(pentru instrumente) case

69

easier s.m. cashier; (care plateste

salariile militarilor, ale muncitorilor

etc.) paymaster; (la banca) teller; (la

casa-de bilete) booking clerk
~ automat - (bancomat) automatic
teller machine
casierie s.f. pay/paying office, cash
department, cash/cashier's/money
office, desk office
casnic adj. (de casa) home...; home-made; (menajer) household
catalog s.n. 1. catalogue; (lista) list 2.
(corn.) inventory, catalogue
~ comercial - trade catalogue
~ comercial cu adrese - trade
directory
~ de oferte pentru comenzi prin
posta - mail-order catalogue
cataloga v.t. to catalogue, to put/to
enter into a catalogue
catalogator^.m. cataloguer, cataloguist
categorie s.f, 1. category; (fel) kind,
sort; (clasa) class, order, grade 2. (de
salarizare, impozitare) bracket
~ a cambiilor - quality of bills of
exchange
~ de salarizare - salary bracket
~ de unitati (pentru bani, greutdti
etc.) denomination
~ socioprofesionala - social and
professional category/class
categorii de impozite - tax schedules
cauciuc s.n. 1. (India) rubber 2. (de
autovehicul) tyre; (SUA) tire

~ natural - natural/plant rubber

~ sintetic - synthetic rubber
cautiune s.f. 1. (garanfie, gaj) security,
guarantee, warranty; collateral 2. (dr.)
bail
~ legala - legal/compulsory guarantee

70

a depune ~ pentru cineva - to go bail for smb.

cauza s.f. 1. cause; {motiv) reason, ground 2.
(dr.) (legal) case, lawsuit, trial
~ proxima - (a cererii de onorare a iinei polite
de asigurare) proximate cause
a pune pe cineva in ~ - (dr.) to sue/to summon
smb.
a scoate pe cineva din ~ - (dr.) to rule smb. out
of court
ca'is.n. case; {intdmplare) event - de forta
majora - case of emergency; act of God ~
fortuit - fortuitous event ~ in speta - concrete
case ~ neprevazut unforeseen event,
contingency
caza v.t. to accommodate, to lodge cazare s.f.
accommodation
cazier
s.n.
(jzidiciar)
criminal/identification record calator s.m. 1.
traveller; (CM bilef) fare;
(pe mare) voyager 2. (pasager)
passenger; {twist) tourist
~ cu abonament - regular traveller
calatori v.i. (fara a wdica destinatia)
to travel (about), to be/to go on one's
travels, to be/to go touring; (implicdnd
o destinatie) to (make a) journey; (pe
apd) to voyage
'- cu trenul - to go/to travel by
rail/train
~ in interes de afaceri - to travel on
business
~ pe mare - to go/to travel by sea, to
voyage
calatorie s.f. (de obice'i mai lungd)
travel; (cu destinatie precisu) journey;
(scurta) tour, trip, excursion; (pe mare)

CAU-CAP

voyage; (rutd/cursd maritimd regulatd)

trade
~ cu caric la bord - {mar.) loaded
voyage/passage
~ de agrement - pleasure trip
~ de ducere - (a navei comerciale)
outward/outgoing voyage, passage out
~ de inapoiere - (a navei comerciale)
homeward/inward/return
voyage,
passage home
~ de predare (la expirarea termenului de navlosire pe timp) (mar.)
delivery voyage
~ dus-intors - round trip/voyage
- in balast/neproductiva - (a
petrolierelor fji a min era lierelor)
ballast passage/voyage, light/unloaded
passage
~ in circuit - circular tour
~ pentru probe de receptie - {mar.)
acceptance trial trip
camatar s.m. usurer, money lender;
{care da imprumut pe amanet) pawnbroker,
pawnee camataresc adj. usurious camatarie
s.f. usury, extortionate practice(s)
a face ~ - to practise usury capitan s.m. \.
captain 2. {mar.) captain; skipper; (pe navele
comerciale) shipmaster
~ de cursa lunga - foreign-trade master, sea
captain, captain of long course ~ de doc - dock
master
- de port - harbour/port master, captain of the
port
-- fluvial - nver master
~ maritim - sea master
capitanie .s'./,' {de port) harbour
master's office

CAR-CA

carau$ s.m. carter; (cargo) carrier,

contract carrier
~ asociat (la un cartel maritim}
conference carrier
~ comun - (termen general pentrn
companii de navigatie, proprietari de
nave si comandanti) common caiTier
~ independent/necartelat - (mar.}
nonconference carrier
~ maritim - sea carrier
~ ulterior - {mar.} on-can'ier
carau^ies.f carriage, haulage, portage
carbune s.m. (mineral) (mineral) coal;
(mangaT) charcoal ~ brun - brown coal, lignite
~ - bulgari - lump/large coal ~ cosificabil baking/metallurgical coal
~ cocsificat - caked coal ~ marunt small/slack coal ~ - praf- coal powder, dross of
coal casuta s.f. (posta!d) post-office box
catlike s.f. pi. handcuffs ~ de aur - {avantaje
financiare acerbate de o fa'md angajatilor
important! pentru a evita ca acestia sd fie
atrayi de conciirentd'} (man.) golden
handcuffs cantar s.n balance., (pair of) scales:
(pentru greutdti. man') weighing lever
machine
~ decimal - centesimal balance
~ dc precizie precision balance
~ roman - steelyard
a pierde la ~ - to lose (in the) weight
a trage la ~ - to weigh heavily
cantari ,'./. to weigh to have a weight
of
~ rnai greu/mult decat - to outweigh, to
overbalance

71

ca$tig s.n. gain; (dintr-o afacere;

retum(s);
(prm muncd) eamings-(yeriii)
income, revenue; (beneficiu. profit'} benefit,
profit, proceeds; (.'(', icteric} prize; [la ciirsele
de cai} stake
- de capital - (profitii! obtimit da. vanzarea
activelor de capital) capita' gains
- de cauza - (dr.) recovery o^ judgement
- disponibil - (dupa plata taxeior si (
impozitelor) disposable income
" tiea$teptat'/neprevazur - windthL
(profit)
-- nedistribuit - (in uivulende) retainc.
earnings
- suplimentar - perquisite ca$tiguri
disponibile pentru actiunu-comune earnings available t'" commons
- pe actiune - earnings per share
- pe actiune complet diliiate (cdstigu! pe
actiune recalciilal 'h' h,.f:
ipotezei conversiei titiitrilor coin'-" tibile ,>/' a
exercitdrii tiitiiror drepni''!^':
de conversie) full\ diluted earnings ;\' share
- suplirncntare -- (acordate angajatilor pe
langa salarul obisnuit)fringe benefits
supuse retinerilor pentru pensie
pensionable emoluments
castiga v.t. 1. to gain: to win: {prin munca} to
earn; \a dobdndi} to acquire; (un premiu) to
carry off 2. {departea sa) to win over
~ net to net
~ piata to capture the market
~ procesul to win one`s case
~ teren to gain ground
~ un avantaj to gain an advantage

72

cec s.n. cheque; (SUA) check

~ acceptat/vizat - (de bancd) certified
cheque
~ anulat - canceled cheque
~ bancar - bank cheque
~ barat - crossed cheque
~ care nu poate fl incasat la valoarea
nominala - nonpar cheque
~ -corespondenta - correspondence
cheque
~ cu limita de suma - limited cheque
~ cu suma falsificata - raised cheque
~ de calatorie - traveller's cheque
~ de retragere - (de numerar din cont)
(SUA) counter check
~ deschis/nebarat - open/uncrossed
cheque
~ expirat - stale cheque
~ fals - bogus cheque
~ fara acoperire - dud/bad cheque
~ m alb - blank cheque
~ la ordin - order cheque, cheque to
order
~ la purtator - bearer cheque, cheque
to bearer
~ marcat - (de bancd impotriva
falsificdrii) marked cheque
~ necompensat - uncleared cheque
~ personal - (al unei persoane fizice)
personal cheque
~ platit/onorat - paid cheque
~ refuzat - returned cheque
ceda v.t. to give up, to yield (up); to
surrender; to assign
~ si unul si altui - to split the
difference
cedents.m. (dr.) assignor, releasor
celeritate s.f. (mar.) celerity
~ de livrare/predare - delivery speed
~ de operare a portului - port speed

CEC-CER

~ uzuala - customary/usual/useful dispatch

~ uzuala continua - continuous customary
dispatch
centrala s.f. (directie) central/head office;
(a unei case de comert, a unei firme etc.)
principal office ~ atomo-electrica nuclear power station
~ electrica - power station ~
hidroelectrica - hydroelectric power
station
~ telefonica - telephone exchange ~
termica - steam-generating station
centralism s.n. centralism ~ economic state planning centralizare s.f. (procesul
de concen-trare a autoritdtii si a deciziei la
central organizatiei principale) (man.)
centralization
centru s.n. (comercial, financiar etc.)
centre
~ al orasului - downtown ~ comercial commercial/shopping centre, emporium ~
de afaceri - business centre ~ de cost (unitate cdreia i se pot aloca niste costuri
specifice) cost centre
~ de productie - producing centre ~ de
profit (unitate in interiorul unei
organizatii care este responsabild de
propriul sdu profit) (man.) profit centre ~
turistic - tourist centre cemor s.m. auditor
cere s.n. circle; (grup de persoane cu
interese economice comune sustinute pe cdi
ilegale) ring
~ vicios al subdezvoltarii/saraciei underdevelopment/poverty vicious circle

CER-CER

~ vicios inflationist - (relatia de

interconditionare dintre cr entered preturilor bunurilor de consum si inde-xarea
salariilor nominale care accen-tueazd
inflatid) inflationary vicious circle
cercetare s.f. 1. (dr.) (anchetd) judicial
inquiry, official examination; (audiere)
trial, hearing 2. (stiintificd) research 3.
control, examination; inspection;
analysis
~ a audientei - (in mass media)
audience research
~ a comportamentului consumatorilor - attitude research
~ a mijioacelor de reclama - media
research
~ a preferintelor consumatorilor consumer research
~ de marketing - marketing research
~ de piata - market research
~ -dezvoltare - research and
development
~ motivationala - (pentru a descoperi
factorii psihologici care determind
comportamentui
consumatorilor)
motivational research
~ operationala - {man.) operational
research
~ publicitara - advertising research
~ tiintifica - scientific research
~ teoretica - pure/fundamental/desk
research
cercetator^.w. (stiintific) researcher
cere v.t. 1. to ask (for), to demand, to
request; (a revendicd) to claim; (a pretinde) to exact; (un pret) to charge;
{plata unei datorii} to call in 2. (a
necesita) to require, to call for, to
necessitate v.r.
(corn.) to be in
request/demand

73

~ despagubiri - to claim damages, to

make/to put in a claim for damages
~ un pret mai mare - to overcharge
~ un pret mai mic - to undercharge
cereale s.f. pi. cereals, cereal plants,
corn, grain
~ furajere - fodder grain
~ grele - (grdu, porumb, secard) heavy
grain
~ in vrac - bulk grain
~ livrate in buna stare - delivered
sound grain
~ usoare - (pvdz, orz, seminte de
bumbac - cu greutatea hectolitricd sub
60 kg) light grain
cerealier adj. cereal..., grain... s.n.
cereal carrier, grain carrier/ship, grain-carrying ship/vessel
cerealist s.m. corn dealer
cerere s.f. 1. request; demand; claim;
exaction 2. (scrisa) petition,
application, suit 3. (corn.) demand, run;
(de plata a unei societati ai caret actionari
sunt sohcitati sd plateasca sumele
restante pentru actiunile detinute) call
~ a consumatorilor - consumer demand
~ agregata - (totalitatea cheltuielilor
planificate pentru o perioadd determinatd, destinate achizitiondrii de bunuri
produse in cadrul economic! nafionale)
aggregate demand ~ alternativa /
combinata / pentru bunuri substituibile
- (cerere de produse ori factori de
productie inter-sanjabili)
alternate/composite demand, demand for
substituible goods ~ atipica - (notiune
care exprimd exceptiile de la legea cererii)
non-typical demand

74

~ complementara/pentru bunuri
complementare - (cerere de doud produse
care
se
folosesc
impreuna)
complementary/joint demand, demand tor
complementary goods
- concurentiala - (situatie in care dona sail
mai
multe
produse concureazd pentru
satisfacerea cererii pieici) competitive demand
- constanta - steady demand
~- controlata - pent-up demand
'- dc amanare - (a platii) petition for
respite
- d'c cotare/listare - (bur.) application ior
quotation/listing
de credite - {in economic) credit demand
de daune/despagubiri - damage cl;.n,n,
daim for damages
de declarare in stare de faliment -(r./' i
bankruptcy petition, petition in DanKmptcy
th; despagubire cu drepturi l>rionlare prior claim
dc inSocinre - {u vruai^eic'' de ;:'>'(.'.,.
fi/.? indtlin^yita} replacenient .leniaMd
- cu; maija (garantie qfenfd lie did'i,
;
'iol'elllit.^i) {l>iu\) margin call'nouc,;
- <lc moneda (componenfa a pieiei
')'i."u'^('/f^, constund dlii cerereu tie nc{i\'e
tHoneltire) demand tor money ~ (ir' iliuncii
(neccsand de munca s>;iu! 'md cc
e.iiSUi ia un moment dat in oi'sornia iilie,
tan if' fundse dc isii'i'nil
-^I'arinr''} demand for iabour
- ve oh-ria - lenuer demand
w i't:sra^r;N-' a depunr'rilor ^11'!

CER-CER

~ de tonaj - (mar.) indent for space

~ de transport - (mar.) shipping
request, cargo booking
~ de valuta - demand for currency
~ de vamuire in afara programului overtime request
~ derivata - (cererea pentru un factor
de productie rezullatd din modificarea
cererii de pe piata produsului finit la
care a contribuit factorul respective
derived demand
~ directa - direct demand
~ educationala {element al pietei
ediicatiei care reflectd comportamenlul
consumatorilor de servicii educationale) demand for education
~ elastica - elastic demand
~ individuals - individual demand
~ intermitenta - intermittent demand
~ interna - domestic demand
- previzibila anticipated demand
- reala - effective demand
~ reconventionala - (dr.) counterclaim
~ redusa - sluggish demand
-~ sezoniera - seasonal demand
- slaba - slack demand
- speculative - speculative demand ~ spontana
- spontaneous demand
- sporita increased demand
~- i oferta - supply and demand
cererea mai mare decat oferta (bur.) buyers over
cereri de serviciu - situations wanted
cerinta s.f. (nevoie) want, need;
[necesiiate)
necessity;
(exi^entd}
^cquircnient
..'.TinU- ale iiilei activilati -- 10 '..
:.l..^'i^r!l[.;^ls
,.. .-.usiy. if.1 anes-

CER-CER

~ american de depozit - (certificat emis de o

bancd americand in contui unor titluri de
valoare strains') American depository receipt ~
de accident/ghinion - (acordat de instanta unui
falit, prin care se certified faptui cd falimentui
nil a fost cauzat de proasta conducere a
afacerii, ci de un accident) certificate of
misfortune
~ de actiuni - share/stock certificate ~ de
analiza - (a unui produs) certificate of analysis
~ de asigurare - certificate of ' insurance,
insurance certificate ~ de avarie - (asig. mar.)
certificate of damage, damage certificate;
average certificate
- de cabotaj - coasting certificate ~ de calitate certificate of quality, quality/grade certificate ~
de cantarire - weight certificate ~ de clasa - (a
navel)
certificate
of
classification,
classification/class certificate
~ de control - inspection certificate ~ de
control vamal - (mar.) jerque note
~ de depozit - (titlii emis pe termen scurt sau
mediu de o bancd) certificate of deposit;
(dovadd prin care banca recunoaste cd a
acceptat si u inre-gistrat titluri sau valori in
registrul de valori) deposit slip
~ de depozit pentru impunere -(folosit pentru
plata
impozitelor, certificatui
oferind
dobdndd) tax deposit certificate
~ de descarcare/debarcare ~ certificate of
discharge, discharge/ landinu certificate

~ de dividende - dividend righi

certificate
~ de economii - {certificat de titluri <:/<
valoare) savings certificate
~ de existenta - (certificat eliberat i'i'i'
un fond de pensii care atestd cc'i
beneficiarul stipulat in certificat este in
viatd) certificate of existence
~ de expertiza - (eliberat navei dupa
inspectia de registrii) certificate os
survey, survey certificate
~ de garantie - certificate 01
guarantee/warranty
~ de inventator - patent letter
~ de investitor - investment certificate
~ de inregistrare - (a actiuniloi
nominate) certificate of inscription; (1'.
unei societdti comerciale) certificate 01
incorporation; (pentru navele dc
cabotaj si de pesciat mat mart de 20 ii:
tone-registrii) marine document; (SUA''
certificate of enrollment
~ de libera incarcare - (la petroliere
free loading certificate
~ de lichidare in vama - clearance
certificate, clearing bill
~ de nationalitate - (al navei;
certificate of registration/registry
ship's certificate of registry
~ de navigabilitate - (mar.') certificai,.:
of seaworthiness; (pentru navele iii. pasageri)
certificate of clearance:
(pentru ueronave) certificate c'i
airworthiness
~ de nondumping - nondiimpin^
certificate
~ de obligatiuni - bond certificate
- dc origine - (a mdrfurilor de ,"xpt)
certificate of manufacture/onHin
^

76

~ de participare - {titlu ce reprezintd o

participare la capitalul social al unei
intreprinderi) participation certificate ~ de
plata a accizelor - excise permit ~ de
proprietate - ownership certificate
~ de receptie - acceptance certificate ~ de
recuperare - (tip de certificat de dividende
eliberat creditorilor sau actionarilor in
cazul asandrii unei societdti) debtor
warrant ~ de restituire a taxelor vamale (platite pentru mdrfurile importate care au
fost ulterior reexportate sau folosite la
fabricarea mdrfurilor de export) (customs)
debenture, debenture bond
~ de sarcini - (al unei proprietdti) title
report
~ de scutire de taxe vamale - clearing bill
~ de stivuire - stowage/stowing certificate
~ de testare - {a produselor) test
certificate
~ de tonaj - tonnage certificate; (mar.)
certificate
of / measurement,
measurement certificate ~ de transfer (de actiuni) certificate of transfer, transfer
certificate ~ de trezorerie - {titlu de stat
destinat acoperirii deficitului bugetului de
stat) Treasury certificate
~ interimar/provizoriu - (de actiuni,
obligafiuni) interim certificate, scrip ~
nominal - (de actiuni) registered
certificate
~ notarial - notarial certificate ~ partial
de actiuni - (pentru o parte de actiune,
cdnd, in cazul fuziunii a

CER-CES

doud societdti, actiunile sunt inegale ca

valoare) fractional (share) certificate
~ pentru dobanda e$alonata - (bur.)
deferred interest certificate/scrip/
warrant
~ pentru transportui de cereale - (se
elibereazd dacd nova are dotdrile

corespunzdtoare) grain cargo certficate

~ provizoriu de asigurare - (cu
valabilitate pdnd la emiterea politei de
asigurare) cover note
~ sanitar - sanitary certificate
~ vama! pentru rambursarea surplusului de taxa vamala - overentry
certificate
cesiona v.t. {dr.) to assign; to
surrender; to transfer; to convey
cesionar s.m. assignee; transferee
cesiune s.f. {dr.) cession; assignment;
transfer; conveyance
~ a dreptului de retentie - assignment
of lien
~ de creante - assignment of debts
~ de obligatii - assignment of
obligations
~ fara notificare - {cesiune de creante
pe care cesionarul nu o notified
debitorului/cedentului) undisclosed
assignment
~ generala/globala - (prin care un
creditor cedeazd unei terte persoane
toate creantele sale) general
assignment
~ in alb - {transmiterea in scris a unei
creante prin andosare fdrd a mentiona
cesionarul sau persoana care va deveni
creditor) assignment in blank
~ prin novatie - assignment affected
by novation
~ voluntara - voluntary conveyance/
consequence/disposition

CET-CHE

cetatean s.m. citizen

cetatenie s.f. citizenship
cheis.n. quay, pier, wharf
~ de descarcare - discharging quay,
cargo terminal
~ de incarcare - shipping pier, loading
wharf
~ de marfuri - cargo quay
~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk-handling
cargo quay
~ de operare - (incarcare, descarcare)
freight terminal
~ de operare specializat - terminal
~ de pasageri - passenger quay
~ de petrol - petroleum wharf, oil
jetty/pier/quay
~ de reparatii - repair jetty
~ fluvial - wharf
~ pentru mijioace de alimbare/
mahonare - lighterage wharf
~ pentru petroliere - tanker jetty
~ plutitor - dummy, floating bulkhead/
jetty

~ vamal - customs wharf, legal quay

cheiaj s.n. (taxe de chei) quay/pier/
wharf dues, wharfage, queyage, pierage
chelar s.m. wine cooper
cheltui v.t. to spend, to expend; (banf)
to disburse, to lay out; (a risipi) to
waste, to squander v.i. to spend
~ excesiv - to overspend
cheltuiala s.f. expense, expenditure,
outgoings; cost; pi. charges; (speze)
disbursement, outlay; (risipa)
thriftlessness; waste
cheltuieli
administrative
administrative expenses, administration
costs/expenses
~ anticipate - prepaid expenses
~ bugetare - government/national
expenditure

77

~ cu reparatii extraordinare - (/acute

la un activ depreciat, de-a lungul
duratei sale rdmase de viata)
extraordinary repairs
~ curente - (de productie) running
costs/expenses
~ de administratie - management
expenses
~ de ambalare - package/packing
expenses
~ de amortizare - depreciation
expenses
~ de andocare - dock/docking charges
~ de antrepozitare - warehouse
charges
~ de armare (a navelor comerciale)
ownership costs
~ de asigurare - insurance charges
~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.)
general average expenditure/expenses
~ de capital - (cont., fin.) capital
charges
~ de calatorie/deplasare - (in interes
de serviciu/afaceri) travelling expenses
~ de constituire/lnfiintare - (a unei
societal!}
promotion/formation
expenses
~ de deplasare - (pe mila) mileage
expenses
~ de depozitare - storage charges
~ de descarcare - discharging
expenses
~ de distribute - distributive costs
~ de expeditie a marfurilor despatch/ dispatch fees, forwarding
charges, charges forward
~ de expertiza - survey expenses
~ de exploatare - operating
costs/expenses, working charges/
expenses

78

~ de investitie outlay
~
de capital expenditure/ incarcare
expenses
loading charges/
~ de intretinere expenses of
maintenance, costs of upkeep,
maintenance charges/costs/expenses,
upkeep expenses
~ de judecata - law costs, legal
charges/expenses
~ de livrare - delivery charges
~ de manipulare - (a mdrfii) handling
costs; (in statia terminus) (c.f.) terminal
charges/costs, terminals
~ de mutare - removal expenses
~ de personal - staff costs
~ de productie - factory/
manufacturing/systematic
costs.
production expenses
de
publicitate
advertising
expenditure/outlays
~ de ranfluare - (mar.) expenses for refloating
~ de regie - overhead expenses/charges,
overheads ~ de reprezentare - entertainment
expenses, table money ~ de salvare - {mar.)
salvage charges/expenses
~ de stivuire - stowage expenses, stevedoring
charges ~ de timbrare - stamp charges ~ de
transport - carriage charges/expenses,
freight charges/costs, transport charges; (mar.)
shipping charges/expenses
~ de vanzare/desfacere - selling
costs/expenses
~ diverse - sundry charges/expenses, sundries ~
estimative - estimated expenses

CHE-CHE

~ extraordinare - extraordinary
expenditure/expenses
~ fixe - fixed/standing
charges/expenses
~ generale - general expenses, on-cost
charges; overheads
~ initiale/de instalare - initial/first
outlays, initial costs
~ in sarcina - cost taxable to
~ mari - heavy expenses
~ marunte - petty expenses, petties
~ neprevazute - contingent/incidental
expenses, unexpected costs
~ neprevazute recuperabile recoverable unforeseen expenditures
~ obisnuite - ordinary disbursements
~ pentru recrutarea cadrelor - cost
of recruitment
~ postale - postal charges
- preliminare/de infiintare - (a unei societdti)
preliminary expenses
- publice - public expenditure
~ reprezentand dobanda - interest
expenses
~ speciale - special charges;
departmental charges
~ standard - standard costs
~ suplimentare - extras
~ si incasari - expenditure and receipts
~ vamale - customs charges
~ variabile - variable expenses/costs
a face ~ - to incur expenses
a lua toate ~ asupra sa - to defray
expenses
a-si acoperi ~ - to cover one's
expenses, to get back one's money
a-si reduce ~ - to reduce/to cut ones
expenses
cheltuitor adj. spendthrift, thriftless.
wasteful s. m. spendthrift, squanderer
chenzinal adj. fortnightly

CHE-CIB

chenzina s.f. fortnight; (fortnightly)

79

~ contractuala - contractual rent ~ de

wages
navlosire - (pe timp) (mar.} charter hire
cherestea s.f. timber, converted timber,
~ diferentiala - (mai mare decdt esie
sawn timber/wood; (SUA) lumber
normal deoarece include plata pentru unele
~ de rainoase - softwood timber
avantaje si facilitdti special e) differential
~ standardizata - sawn timber per
rent ~ excesiva/exagerata - rack-rent ~
standard
moarta - (platibild pentru conce-sionarea
chestionar s.n. questionnaire; list/set
unei mine, indiferent dacii aceasta este in
of questions
exploatare
sail nu} dead rent
a completa un ~ - to fill in a questionnaire
a
da
cu
~
to let out on hire/lease a lua cu ~
cheta s.f. collection; (banii) takings a umbia
- to take on hire/lease a sta cu - - to live in a
cu cheta - to take up the collection
house
as (a tenant/lodger
chilipir s.n. chance purchase/bargain,
chitanta s.f. receipt, quittance
(lucky) bargain
acknowledgment, voucher; release
a umbia dupa chilipiruri - to hunt for
~ contabila - formal receipt
bargains
~
de asigurare provizorie - binding
chimist^.m. chemist
receipt
~ -analist (care determind titrul)
~ de consemnare - (in vamd) deposr
assayer
receipt
chintals./i. quintal; hundredweight
~ de constituire a unui depozit
~ scurt - short/net hundredweight
deposit receipt
chioc s.n. stall; (ghereta) booth
~ de plata - receipt for payment, cash
~ de ziare - bookstall, bookstand,
paid receipt
newsstand
~ de plata a taxelor vamale - docket
chirias s.m. {locator) lodger; tenant,
~ de plata pentru manipulare sau
lessee
depozitare in statia terminus - (c.f
~ abuziv (care continud sd ocupe o
terminal receipt
proprietate dupa expirarea contrac- de primire - voucher for receipt
tului fdrd acordul proprietaruliii)
~
de sold/lichidare - receipt in fuli
tenant at sufferance
discharge
~ care plateste o chine excesiva ~ in dublu exemplar - receipt 11
rack-renter
duplicate
~ cu contract - (valabil un anumit
~ neverificata - unaudited voucher
numdr de ani) tenant for years
~ valabila - good receipt
~ cu contract valabil un an - tenant
a elibera o ~ - to make out a receipt
from year to year
chitantier s.n. receipt book
~ fara contract - tenant at will
cibernetica s.f. cybernetics
~ pe viata - tenant for life, life tenant
chirie s.f. rent; hire; lease

80

ciclic adj. cyclic(al)

ciclu.y.n. cycle
~ agricol - agricultural cycle
~ de achizitionare/cumparare (frecventa cu care este achizitionat un
produs) purchase/buying cycle
~ de activitate - work cycle
~ de afaceri - business cycle
~ de conversie a numerarului (perioada dintre momentui in care o
firmd achizitioneazd materiile prime si
eel al vdnzarii produselor finite) cash
conversion cycle
~ de livrare - delivery cycle
~ de munca - (pentru mdeplinirea
sarcinilor specifice postului) (man.) job
cycle
~ de prelucrare a informatiei
contabile - accounting information
processing cycle
~ de productie - production cycle
~ de viata al familiei - (divizarea
pietei pe sectoare, in functie de
cheltuielile ocazionate de structura si
evolutia in timp a familief) family life
cycle
~ de viata al produsului -^product life
cycle
~ de viata industriala - industrial life
cycle
~ economic - (succesiunea perioadelor
de expansiune si recesiune in
activitatea economica) economic cycle
~ operational - (intervalul de timp
dintre cumpdrarea de materii prime
pentru productia de bunuri si incasarea numerarului dupd vdnzarea
acestord) operating cycle
~ sezonier - (cresteri si scdderi ale
volumului si ale ritmului activitdtii pe

CIC-CIT

parcursul unui an in anumite domenii

de activitate) seasonal cycle
cifra v.r. (Id) to amount/to come/to
figure to, to run into
cifra s.f. figure, number; (intre 0 si 9)
digit
~ aproximativa/estimativa/rotunda round figure/number
~ binara - binary digit
~ de afaceri - turnover
~ de afaceri totala/globala - total
turnover
~ de afaceri zilnica - daily turnover
citric adj. numerical, (expressed) by
figures
circuit s. n. circuit
~ economic - economic circular flow
~ turistic combinat transport
aerian/rutier - fly-drive
~ turistic combinat zbor/croaziera pe
mare - fly-cruise
~ turistic complet/cu toate serviciile
incluse in pret - inclusive tour
circulara s.f. circular (letter)
circulatie s.f. 1. (rutierd, feroviard
etc.) traffic 2. (monetard, de mdrfuri)
circulation
~ a banilor - money circulation
a
marfurilor
commodity
circulation
~ a stocurilor - stock turnover ~ activa (bani aflati efectiv in circulatie) active
circulation ~ fara acoperire - (a banilor)
uncovered circulation ~ fiduciara fiduciary circulation a pune in ~ - (bani
faisi, documente false) to utter
cisterna s.f. tank, cistern, reservoir cita v.t.
(dr.) to summon, to cite;
(martori) to subpoena

CIT-CLA

citatie s.f. (dr.) writ(of summons),

summons; (implicdnd amenda in caz de
neprezentare) subpoena
clasa v.t. 1. to class; (a clasificd) to
classify; (scrisori) to docket; (docu-mente
mtr-o arhivd, unfisier) to file; (a sorta dupd
calitate) to grade; (a sorta dupd mdrime,
dimensiune) to size 2. (dr.) {a respinge o
actiune) to dismiss; (a casd) to quash
clasare s.f. 1. classification; (a scri-sorilor)
docketing; (a documentelor mtr-o arhivd,
unfisier) filing; (sortare dupd calitate)
grading;
(sortare
dupd
mdrime,
dimensiune) sizing 2. (dr.) (respingere a
unei actiuni) dismissal;
(casare) cassation, annulment
clasa s.f. 1. (categoric) class, category
2. (sociald) class 3. (sort) grade 4. (pe
mijioacele de transport) class 5. (a
navelor) class (of ships), rate (of ships)
clasa de mijioc - middle class
~ dominanta/conducatoare - the
ruling class
~ economica - (cu eel mai scdzut
confort in transporturile aeriene si
maritime depasageri) economy class
~ intai - first class
~ muncitoare - working class
~ turistica/a doua - (in transporturile
aeriene si maritime de pasageri) tourist
class
clasa a cambiilor - quality of bills of
exchange
~ de calitate - quality grade
~ de conturi - accounts class
~ de nave - (totalitatea navelor
identice in privinfa constructiei si a
destinatiei) class of ships/vessels,
ship's class
~ de produse - product class

81

~ de unitati - (pentru bani, greutdti etc.)

denomination
clasele bogate/avute - wealth-owning
classes, the moneyed classes ~ de jos - the
lower classes clasifica v.t. to classify; to
class; (dupd calitate) grading; (dupd
mdrime, dimensiune) sizing; (a determina
si a acorda clasa unei nave) (mar.) to
classify, to class, to rate clasificare s.f.
classification; (dupd calitate) grading;
(dupd mdrime, dimensiune) sizing; (a
posturilor in functie de competenta cerutd
si de sala-rizarea corespunzdtoare)
grading; (a navelor) classification (of
ships) ~ a activitatilor/posturilor - job
classification
~ a navelor - classification of ships, ships'
classification
~ a obligatiunilor - (close atribuite
obligatiunilor pe baza probabilitdtii de
intrare in mcetare de platd a societdtilor
emitente) bond rating ~ industriala
standard - standard industrial
classification ~ vamala (categoria din
cadrul unui nomenclator de taxe vamale in
care este introdus un produs) customs
classification
~ zecimala - decimal classification clauza
s.f. clause, provision, specification,
warranty; pi. terms clauza abandonului (asig. mar.) abandonment clause
~ abordajului/coliziunii - (asig. mar.)
collision clause, running-down clause ~
abordajului din vina ambelor nave (asig. mar.) both - to - blame collision
clause

82

~ ancorei i a lantului - (a^/g. war.)

anchor and chain clause
~ -aur - (fin.) (clauzd care prevede
rambursarea unei datorii in aur sail in
echivalent-aur; clanzd prin care se
adangd la valoarea unei creante pe cea
a unei cantitdti specificate de aur sail
de echivalent-aur} gold clause
~ avariei - (asig. mar.} average clause
~ avariei comune in strainatate (dispasa se intocmeste conform legii
portului de destinatie) foreign general
average clause
~ ,,avariilor de mare" - (in
transportui de cereale} sea-damaged
terms
^
~ caricului in coliziutte - (se tine cont
numai de pierderile marfii) (asig. mar.)
freight collision clause
~ confidentialitatii - (intr-un contract
de angajare) confidentiality clause
~ continuarii asigurarii continuation/prolongation clause
~ contrastaliilor - (mar.) demurrage
clause
~ cre$terii preturilor - up-price clause
~ danei/,,la rand" - (mar.) berth/
berthing clause
~ danei pregatite - (mar.) ready berth
clause
~ ,,de la depozit la depozit" warehouse-to-warehouse clause
~ degrevarii - (de o obligatie contractuald) (dr.) escape clause
~ devierii - (abaterii de la drum)
(mar.) deviation/liberty clause
~ dreptului de retentie - lien clause
~ esuarii - (asig, mar.) grounding
clause
~ evaluarii - (asig.) valuation clause

CLA-CLA

~ extinderii politei de asigurare extended cover clause

~ ,,fara captura i sechestrare" (asig. mar.) free of capture and seizure
clause
~ ,,fara raspundere pentru spargeri"
- free of breakage clause
~ garantiei - warranty clause
~ ghetii (de predare a incdrcdturii in
eel mat apropiat port neblocat de
gheturi) ice clause
~ grevei - strike clause
~ ineflcientei - (navei) breakdown/off-hire clause
~ ,,lipsei de marfa" - (la predare)
deficiency clause
~ livrarii/predarii marfii peste bord
- (mar.) overside delivery clause
~ natiunii celei mai favorizate - most-favoured nation clause
~ navei apte de a transporta marfuri
- (asig. mar.) cargo-worthy clause
~ ,,navei de serie" - (asig. mar.)
sister-ship clause
~ navlului - freight clause
~ necumularii avariilor - (asig. mar.)
noncumulative clause
<-~ neglijentei - (asig. mar.) inchmaree/
negligence clause
~ ofertei - tender clause
~ ,,operarii la rand" - (mar.) turn
berth clause
~ pavilionului - (mar.) flag clause
~ penalizarii - penalty clause
~ pericolelor marii - (asig. mar.)
perils of the sea clause
~ ,,permanent in stare de plutire" (mar.) floating/always afloat clause
~ politei fara obiect asigurat - policy
proof of interest clause

CLA-CLA

~ ,,predarii navei" - (la data si locul

mceperii contractului de mchiriere)
delivery/disposal clause
~ pretului - price clause
~ razboiului - (asig. mar.) war clause
~ reasigurarii - reinsurance clause
~ riscului de captura si sechestrare (asig. mar.) risk of capture and seizure
clause
~ rosie - (prin care vdnzdtorul aflat in
deficit poate obtine un avans bancar)
red clause
~ salariilor variabile - escalator
clause
~ salvarii - (asig. mar.) salvage clause
~ scaderii preturilor - down price
clause
~ surplusului - (prin care prima parte
a daunei este suportatd de asigurat)
(asig.) excess clause
~ timpului nefavorabil - (asig. mar.)
weather permitting clause
~ tranzitului - transit clause
~ valorii furnizate - value given
clause
~ variatiei preturilor contractuale (corn.) escalator clause
~ zadarnicirii voiajului - (asig. mar.)
frustration clause
clauza aditionala - (la un contract)
rider
~ compromisorie - (mtr-un contract
prin care cele doud parti se angajeazd
sd supund arbitrilor eventualele litigii)
arbitration clause
~ conditionala - proviso
~ contractuala - covenant
~ de arbitraj - arbitration clause
~ de asigurare - insurance clause

83

~ de asigurare a valorilor supli-mentare disbursement warranty clause

~ de asigurare maritima - marine insurance
clause
~ de daune-interese - penalty clause ~ de
diminuare a pagubelor - (asig. mar.) sue and
labour clause ~ de evadare - (mtr-un contract
de siibscriere, care ii permite hdncii de
investitii sd se elibereze de rdspun-derea de a
cumpdra si de a distribin acthmile companiei)
(fin.) escape clause
~
de
exonerare exoneration,
exemption/relieving clause ~ de exonerare de
raspundere -(asig.) nonliability clause ~ de
garantie - warranty clause ~ de limitare a
zonei de navigatie -(de cdtre asigurdtori)
trading warranties clause
~ de memorandum - (de limitare ci
rdspunderii asigurdtorultd) memorandum
clause
~ de negarantie - (asig.) nonwarranty clause
~ de optiune pentru ambele porturi -(de
incdrcare si descdrcare) dreading at both ends
~ de optiune pentru portui de incarcare dreading, dreadage ~ de paritate - (fin.)
parity/par clause ~ de renuntare - (clauza
contractuala care ii permite unei parti sd
renunte la o prevedere, in anumite
circumstante) waiver clause
~ de revocare (inainte de maturitate} (fin.)
call provision
~ de salvare/siguranta - (prevedere a unui
acord comercial care ii permite

84

unei tdri semnatare sd suspende concesiile

vamale acordate atunci cdnd nivelul
importurilor afecteazd grav productia
internd) escape clause ~ de sistare - cease
clause ~ de subrogare - subrogation clause
~ de transbordare - transshipment clause
~ de urgentare - (care prevede cd, dacd o
datorie nu este achitatd la timp, toate
platile viitoare devin imediat scadente)
acceleration clause ~ exceptionala exceptional clause ~ fara efect inoperative clause ~ implicita - implied
term ~ ipotecara negativa - (angajamentui
unui debitor fata de creditorul sdu de a nu
constitui o ipotecd imobiliard in folosul
unei terte persoane) negative mortgage
security clause ~ multivalutara multicurrency clause ~ nula - void/invalid
clause ~ restrictiva - restrictive/saving
clause ~ reziduala/restanta - (privitoare
la legatarul universal) (dr.) residuary
clause
~ rezolutorie - (dr.) avoidance clause,
defeasance
~ suplimentara de asigurare -insurance
rider
~ valutara - exchange clause clauze de
asigurare a marfurilor -(stabilite de
Institutui Asigurdtorilor Maritimi din
Londra) Institute cargo clauses
~ de asigurare in timp (a corpului 51 a
marfil) - (stabilite de Institutui Asigurdtorilor Maritimi din Londra) Institute
time clauses (hull and cargo) cladire s.f.
building; (cu \'fcn, instalafii etc.)
premises

CLA-COA

~ administrativa/cu birouri - office

building
client s.m. customer; shopper; (al unui
avocat, al unui arhitect etc.) client
~ care plateste in numerar - cash
customer
~ care se tocmeste mult - haggler
~ dubios - doubtful client
~ obisnuit/permanent - regular/
permanent customer
~ potential - potential/prospective
customer
~ sigur/serios - safe customer
~ solvabil - trustworthy customer
a fi clientui - {unui magazin) to deal at
clientela s.f. clientele, clientage,
connection; (pbisnuita) custom; (de
medic sau avocat) practice, clientele
a-si crea o ~ - to build up a connection
cliring s.n. (tehnicd de compensare a
obligatiilor reciproce intre doi parteneri constdnd in compararea creantelor cu obligatiile dintre ei, pe baza
unor reglementdri prealabile) clearing
~ bancar - bank clearing
dona s.f. (produs identic cu altui)
clone
club s.n. 1. (asociafie) club 2. (local)
club house
~ de asigurare mutuala - (asociafie
de armatori care sunt in acelasi timp
asigurati si asigurdtori) (asig. mar.)
insurance club
~ de investitii - (asocierea mat multor
persoane cu scopul de a constitui un
portofoliu de investitii) investment club
~ nautic - boating club
~ turistic - touring club
coachizitie s.f, joint purchase
coalitie s.f. coalition, union; (cartel
ring

COA-COI

~ a comerciantilor - (pentru fixarea unor

preturi) price ring ~ a licitantilor bidders'/bidding ring coarmator s.m.
(mar.) joint/part owner coasigurare s.f.
coinsurance coasociat s.m. copartner, joint
partner coca s.f. (corp de navd si aeronava)
(asig.) hull
cocreditor s.m. joint creditor cocserie s.f.
coke works, coking plant cods.n. code
~ al muncii - labour code ~ civil - civil
code ~ comercial - commercial code ~ de
bare - (pe un produs) bar code ~ de
procedura penala - code of criminal
procedure ~ fiscal - fiscal code ~ maritim navigation act/laws ~ penal penal/criminal code ~ personal de
identificare - (la bancomaf) personal
identification number
~ postal - postal code; (SUA) zip code ~
silvic - forest code/laws coduri de
conduita - (seturi de reguli pentru
comportamentui din diferite profesiuni}
codes of conduct codebitor s.m. joint
debtor codirector s.m. joint manager
coeficient s.m. coefficient; ratio, rate,
factor
~ al elasticitatii cererii/ofertei -(mijioc de
mdsurare a elasticitatii ce-rerii sau a
ofertei in functie de modi-ficarea unui
factor) coefficient of demand/supply
elasticity ~ alfa (evaluarea ratei de
renta-bilitate a actiunilor unei societdti
fdrd raportarea la indicele pietei bursiere)
alpha coefficient/factor

85

~ beta - (coeficient care aratd mdsura in

care rata de rehabilitate a actiunilor unei
societdti variazd in functie de rata de
rehabilitate a indicelui pietei bursiere)
beta coefficient/factor ~ de acoperire (raportui, prevdzut de lege, dintre
fondurile proprii ale unei band si
ansamblul angajamentelor ei) cover ratio
~ de capitalizare bursiera - (raportui
dintre pretui unei societdti la bursd si
beneficiile ei) price-earnings ratio ~ de
exploatare - working coefficient ~ de
incarcare - load/cargo coefficient ~ de
indatorare - (raportui dintre datoriile pe
termen mediu si lung si capitalurile
permanente) debt ratio ~ de lichiditate (raportui dintre activele lichide si datoriile
curente ale uneifirme) liquidity/current
ratio ~ de randament - output coefficient/
factor
~ de rise - risk coefficient ~ de siguranta safety coefficient ~ de tonaj - tonnage
coefficient ~ marginal al capitalului (raportui dintre cresterea stocului de
capital dintr-o anumitd perioadd de timp si
cresterea rezultatelor productiei in acelasi
interval de timp) marginal capital
coefficient
coeficienti de salarizare - wage rates
cofondator s.m. joint founder cogestiune
s.f. joint management cointeresa v.t. (in)
to draw (in) ~ pe cineva intr-o afacere to give smb. a joint interest in an affair
cointeresare s.f. drawing in; (mate-riala)
incentive ~ financiara - financial incentive

86

~ financiara a salariatilor - (in

performantele societdtii in care
lucreaza) employee involvement
cointeresat adj. having/sharing a joint
interest in smth.
colaps s.n. collapse
a intra in ~ - to collapse
colecta v.t. (impozite, taxe) to collect,
to raise, to get in
colectare s.f. collection
~ a impozitelor - tax collection
colecta s.f. collection, subscription
a face o ~ - to make a collection, to
raise a subscription/collection
colectiv adj. collective, joint s.n.
collective (body), group; staff;
personnel
~ de redactie - editorial staff
colectivism s.n. collectivism
colectivist s.m. collectivist, collective
farmer
colectiviza v.i. to collectivize
colectie s.f. collection
~ de mostre - sample assortment/
collection, collection/set of samples
colectiona v.t. to collect
colectionar^./n. collector
colets.n. parcel, package
~ cu tara calculata - tarer
~ cu valoare declarata - registered
parcel
~ expres express parcel
~ fara valoare declarata - uninsured
parcel
~ greu ~ heavy(-lift) package
~ postal - post parcel
a expedia un ~ - to post a parcel
coletarie s.f. parcel delivery service,
parcel post/deSivery/traffic

COI-COM

coliziune s.f. (asig. mar.) collision,

abordage, encounter; (intre o navd in
mars si una stationata} allision
~ accidentals! - accidental collision
~ iminenta - imminent impact
~ inevitabila - inevitable/inherent
collision
~ la acostare - berthing collision
~ la remorca - collision in tow
~ pe fluviu - river collision
~ pe mare - sea collision
coloana s.f. column
~ a activelor - (cont.) assets side
~ a debitului - (cont.) debit column
~ diverse - {cont.) sundries column
colonial adj. colonial
colonialism s. n. colonialism
colonie s.f. colony; (asezare) colony,
settlement
colorant s.m. dyestuff, colouring
matter
coloranti alimentari - food colours
colportaj s.n. {corner} mdrunt) dicker
coluziune s.f. (cooperare intre firme
independents pentru a influenta

concurenta) collusion
comanda v.t. to order; {mdrfun) to
indent
~ prin pota - to send away for
comandant.s'.w. commander; captain
~ brevetat - (in marina comerciald)
certificated master
~ de cabotier - skipper
~ de nava comerciala - shipmaster.
captain, master mariner, merchant
captain
- de nava maritima - sea captain ~ de
pescador - skipper comandat adj. {dar
nelivrut) on order comanda s.f. (coin.)
order; (de marfa,
nai ales din. sirainatate} indent

COM-COM

~ acceptata - order in hand

~ de proba - trial/sample order
~ de tonaj - (mar.) indent for space
~ directa - direct order
~ discretionara/la apreciere - (cdtre
broker de a cwnpdra, in limita sumei la
dispozitie, actiunile pe care acesta Ie
alege) (bur.) discretionary order
~ executata la preturi diferentiale (bur.) split order
~ externa - foreign order
~ ferma - definite/firm order
~ generala/nespecificata - blanket
order
~ guvernamentaia/de stat - order for
government account, public
procurement
~ la alegerea expeditoruiui - open
indent
~ mare - heavy order
~ neexecutata - backlog/unfilled order
~ permanenta - (pentru acelea^i
marfuri) perpetual order
~ prin po$ta - mail order
~ repetata - repeat order
~ scrisa - order in writing
~ speciala - special order
~ urgenta - rush/pressing order
comenzi inutile - {pentru a e\"ita
trecerea muncitoriior in ^omaj) make-work
a face o comanda - to place an order
facut pe ~ - custom-built/'-make
comanditar s.m. donnaiit/sleeping
inactive/iimited/latenvsilent/
undisclosed partner
comanditat s.m. aclive/aclinp/workin;.;
ordinary pai-tns!
comandita
pannersl'su-

87

comasa v.t. (beneficii, fondun, inter ese,

riscuri) to pool comasare s.f. (de beneficii,
foiiduri. interese, riscuri) pooling combate v.t.
to combat, to control, to fight against
combatere s.f. control, fighting ~ a
contrabandei - contraband control ~ a
mirosurilor nedorite - odour control
~ a poluarii cu petrol ~ oil pollution action
combinare s.f. combination ~ a factorilor de
productie - (modu-litate de combinare a
factofilor etc productie sub aspect cuntitaliv,
structural yi calilativ in raport cu naturci
activitdtii
economice)
combination
ol'
production inputs
~ a intereselor - (melodd contabilu pentru
combinarea situatiilor conlabiu' a doud jirme
care fiizioneazd) pooling of interests
~ orizontala (fuziunea organizaiiilt>r in
aceea^i companie sau mir-unci similard, opiisd
integrant
verticalc-i
liorizontal
combinatioii/integration
--- verticaia - (reiinirea in cadrul HIH':
orgaiiizatii a innii i^riip c/e opei'diiuin
care se succed, intesrarea prodnclsi."
cu sursele ae aprovizionare fi cu pirtele de desfacerc) vertical combination
integration
combustibit adj. combustible s.n. ruei
- antiinflarnabij - h'^ergolic fuel
- cunvciitional - coi'jvcntionai hies
- Qe carbuni - cort! isiei
- .i.:;;'"1-.'; ' ' ;il;ie!lKil(Ou'-i;l!,.jc rue;
-1 ;u's'ii,u - iuei oli. iiuu!i"i/0i! h.ic^

88

~ solid - solid fuel

comercial adj. commercial, trading,
trade..., business...; mercantile
comercializa v.t. to commercialize, to
market, to merchandise
comercializare s.f. commercialization,
marketing, merchandising
~ experimentala - (pe o piatd restrdnsd) test marketing
comerciant s.m. trader, dealer,
tradesman; (angrosist, mai ales in relatiile cu strdindtatea, sau detaiUst)
merchant; (cu magazin) shopkeeper,
shopman; (care vinde in rate/pe credit)
tallyman; (de imbrdcdminte, echipament) outfitter
~ afiliat - merchant member
~ angrosist - warehouseman; (mai ales
in relatiile cu strdindtatea) merchant
~ comisionar - commission merchant
~ cu amanuntui - retail dealer, retailer
~ cu livrarea imediata a marfii - spot
trader
~ cu retea de distribute - chain
merchant
~ de cereale - (cu amanuntui) corn
chandler; (cu ridicata) corn dealer
~ de marfuri de ocazie - second-hand
dealer
~ de marfuri generale - general dealer
~ de textile - draper
~ de vinuri - vintner
comert s.n. trade, commerce, traffic;
(in magazin) shopkeeping
~ ambulant - (de mdruntisuri)
pedlary, peddlery
~ angro/cu ridicata - wholesale/direct
trade
~ colonial - colonial trade
~ cu amanuntul/in detaliu - retail
trade

CAL-CAM

~ cu articole de lux - luxury trade

~ cu cereale - corn/grain trade
~ cu materiale navale - ship
chandlery
~ cu textile - drapery
~ cu vinuri - vintnery
~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting/
coastwise trade
~ de cherestea - timber trade
~ de contrabands - contraband/
smuggling trade
~ de export - export trade
~ de import - import trade
~ de legume si fructe - greengrocery
~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk trade
~ de schimb - barter trade
~ de stat - state/govemment/public
trade
~ de tranzit - transit/entrepot trade
~ exterior - foreign/external trade;
{mar.) outward/overseas trade
~ ilicit - illicit trade
~ interior - domestic/intemal/home
trade; (mar.) inland/home trade
~ intermediar/de reexport intermediary/intermediate/reexport
trade
~ international - international trade
~ interstatal - (SUA) interstate
commerce
~ invizibil - (sectoral serviciilor)
invisible trade
~ in compensatie - compensation
trade
~ in rate/pe credit - tally system/trade
~ infloritor - flourishing trade
~ liber - free trade
~ licit - lawful trade
~ Umitrof/de frontiers - frontier trade
traffic
~ local/regional - local trade

CAM-COM

~ maritim - commercial shipping,

maritime commerce/trade, sea/seabome
trade
~ marunt - dicker
~ mondial - world trade
~ multilateral - multilateral trade
~ neautorizat - unauthorized trade
~ pasiv - (transportui mdrfurilor de
export cu navele altei tdri) (mar.)
passive commerce
~ prin po$ta - postal trade
~ sezonier - seasonal trade
~ stradal - kerb trade
~ trilateral - trilateral trade
~ triunghiular - (tranzactie switch
fdcutd la export, realizatd in devize
printr-o a treia tar a pentru eludarea
reglementdrilor valutare) switch
deal/transaction
a face- - to (carry on) trade
a face ~ ambulant - to peddle
a face ~ angro - to deal wholesale
a face ~ cu - to trade in
a face ~ cu maruntiuri - to
haberdash
a face ~ intens - to carry on a
good/roaring trade
comis-voiajor s.m. commercial
traveller, travelling salesman, drummer
comisars.m. commissioner
~ de avarie - (asig. mar.) average
agent/commissioner
comisie s.f. commission, committee,
board
~ bugetara - budget committee; (SUA)
committee of ways and means
~ comuna - (formatd din reprezentantii mai multor organizatii) joint
committee

89

~ de ancheta - committee of inquiry,

investigation committee, fact-finding
board
~ de cenzori - audit(ing) committee
~ de control - control commission/
committee
~ de examen - examining board, board
of examiners
~ de litigii - conflict/dispute
committee
~ de lucru - working party
~ de mandate - credentials committee
~ de redactare - editing panel
~ electorala - election committee
~ financiara - (SUA) committee of
supply
~ mixta - (CM membri din camera fi
senat) joint committee
~ parlamentara - parliamentary
committee
~ permanenta - standing committee
comision s.n. 1. commission,
allowance; {de intermediere) factorage
2. (insdrcinare) errand, message
~ bancar - bank commission
~ de adresa - (pidtit de navd in portnl
de descdrcare) {mar.) address
commission
~ de asigurare - (pidtit agentului de
asigurdri) insurance commission
~ de brokeraj - brokerage commission
~ de navlosire - (mar.) charter
commission, ship brokerage
~ de reprezentare - agency fee
~ de subscriere - underwriting
commission
~ de vanzari - selling brokerage/
commission
~ del credere - del credere commission
~ pentru mandatare - trust cost
~ pentru terti - commission past us

90

~ per lot - (ydndut la licitatie) lot

money
a face un ~ - to take orders on
commission
a merge cu un ~ - to go on errand
comisionar s.in. 1. (commission) agent
2. (intermediar) factor, middleman;
(curler, persoand care face diverse
servicii) commissionaire; (bdiat) eirand
boy, street porter
~ de export - export commission agent
~ portuar runner
comitets.n. committee, board
~ consultativ - advisory board'
commission
- de conducere - executive/managing
committee
~ de greva - strike committee
~ de initiativa - steering committee
~ de redactie - editorial board
~ executiv - executive committee
- financiar - (SUA) committee of ways and
means
- interimar - interim committee ~ ora^enesc city/town committee ~ permanent - standing
committee ~ provizoriu - temporary committee
-- sindical - trade-union committee;
(de intreprindere) local trade-union
committee
a face parte din ~ /a fi in ~ - to sit
on/to be on the committee
como$tenitor s.'n. joint heir, coheir.
parcener
companie s.f. company
'- comerciala - trading company
-- cu unitati de productie multiple/
endependeiiif 1- n-niiupie dr.isio'i
c'''iJ,i"):iny
<i': ;.s'.."eiu'l^tr;l - msurai'u;.^ ,..t.unpa''v "
-^\ ^^t ferasc - raiiv/;". ..f;s^.".ii\-''

COM-COM

~ de factaj/mesagerie - parcel
delivery company, express company
~ de nave de linie - liner company
~ de navigatie - shipping/navigation
company
~ de navigatie fluviala - river
shipping company
~ de navigatie maritima - sea trading
company
~ de petroliere - tanker company
"- de remorcaj - (mar.) towage
company
~ de saivare - (mar.} salvage company
- de stivuire - (mar.) stevedoring
company
~ de transport de mobila - removal
contractor(s)
~ de transporturi aeriene - airlines,
airways
~ holding - holding company
~- operationala - (filiala iinui holding)
operating company
- orientata spre productia realizabila
-- (,s'i' nil spre cea cerutd) production-onented compaiiy
'- petroliera - o''i company
- secundara - (care nil este lider intr-un amimit
domenhi) follower compensa v./. 1. (pentrii) to
com-peiisate (for), to mdemr)ify(tor) 2. (a
echilibra, a contrubalansa) to counterbalance,
to countervail, to offset 3, (un cec printr-o casd
de coinpefisatie) to clear; (o chitone) to set off;
{fondid vaiiitar) to equalize
~ o pierdere - to make good a loss compensare
.'./'.' i 'r; i conipensaiion. re"-':U'nsos

COM-COM

datoriilor) setoff; {regularizare a fondului

valutar) equalization ~ a cecurilor - cheque
clearing. ~ interbancara a creditelor - credit
clearing
compensator(iu)
adj.
compensatory
compensatie
s.f.
1.
compensation,
indemnification, indemnity, consideration,
remedy; pi. reparations 2. {cliring) clearing
~ executorie - executory consideration ~
pentru concediere/desfacerea contractului
de munca - severance pay
competent adj. competent, efficient, proficient
competenta s.f. 1. competence, proficiency,
ability 2. (dr.) competence, competency,
jurisdiction ~ a conducerii de a lua decizii management discretion ~ de baza (a unei
societdti) {man.) core competence
~ de decizie - decision making ~ distinctiva {man.) distinctive competence
competitiv adj. competitive competitivitate
s.f. competitiveness competitie s.f. competition
~
pura/perfecta
- pure competition
complementar adj. complementary complet
adj. complete adv. completely ~ asamblat {despre utilaje care, la vdnzare, sunt gata de
folosintd imediatd) completely built up ~
dezasamblat - {despre utilaje livrate
dezasamblate} completely knocked down
completa v.t. to (make) complete, to
supplement: (o suma, o cantilute) to make up;
(iin cec) to write out; (un

document, im cec) to fill in; {SUA) to

fill out
complex s. 11. complex
~ comercial - trading estate
~ industrial - industrial complex
~ portuar - port complex
comportament^./i. behaviour
~ al consumatorului - consumer
behaviour
~ al producatorului - producer
behaviour
~ competitiv - competitive behaviour
~ organizational - organizational
behaviour
~ strategic - {al unei firme in vedereu
obtinerii de profituri maxime) strategic
behaviour
comportare s.f. behaviour, conduct
~ corecta - {in afaceri) fair dealing
compostor s.n. numbering machine;
dating stamp, dater
-" de bilete - ticket nipper
compozit adj. composite
compromis s.n. compromise:
arrangement, agreement, settlement;
give-and-take; {realizat in fadrul
negocierilor) tradeoff
~ de avarie - {asig. mar.) average
agreement
~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.)
average bond
computer s.n. computer
computeriza v.t. to computerize
comun adj. common; (ohstesc)
communal
comunal adj. communal
comunicat s.n. (oficial) official
statement
~ de presa - handout
comunismi'./i. communism
coniunitate s.f. conimunitv

92

~ de afaceri - business community ~ de

bunuri - communal estate, community
property/regime ~ de interese - community
of interests ~ de natiuni - commonwealth
Comunitatea Britanica de Natiuni Commonwealth of Nations concedia v.t. to
dismiss, to discharge;
(temporar datoritd lipsei comenzilor)
to lay off
concediere s.f. dismissal, discharge;
(temporara datoritd lipsei comenzilor)

layoff
~ disciplinara - summary dismissal
~ nejustificata/ilegala - wrongful
dismissal
concediu s.n. leave (of absence);
(yacanta) holiday(s); (SUA) vacation
~ cu plata - holidays with pay,
paid/privilege leave
~ de boala - sick leave
~ de odihna - annual leave
~ fara plata - holidays without pay
~ pentru motive personale compassionate leave
concentrare s.f. (proces prin care sectoarele economice sunt tot maiputernic
dominate de cdteva firme mart)
concentration
~ a capitalului - Concentration of
capital
~ a cumparatorilor - (pe o piatd)
buyer concentration
~ a industriei - (concentrarea unor
sectoare industriale in anumite zone in
functie de sursele de materii prime,

profilul pietelor etc.) concentration of

industry
~ a livrarilor - (de materie primd
cdtre un sector industrial in mdna

COM-CON

catorva furnizori) supplier concentration

~ a productiei - production concentration
~ -conglomerat a productiei -(miscarea
de
absorbtie,
disparitie,
fu-ziuni,
amplificare a sistemului partici-patiilor
financiare, cumpdrare a pa-chetelor
majoritare de actiuni etc.) conglomerate
concentration of production
~ fmanciara - (forma de concentrare,
crestere a capitalului firmei} financial
concentration
~ orizontala a productiei - (reunirea sub
controlul unui centru de decizie a unor
unitdti economice care realizeazd un
produs sau o grupd de produse) horizontal
concentration of production ~ verticals a
productiei
(gruparea
agentilor
economici care realizeazd activitdti
reprezentdnd diferite stadii in fabricarea
unui produs sau a unei grupe de produse
sub o conducere comund) vertical
concentration of production concepe v.t. (a
imagind) to conceive;
(a formula) to formulate, to word; (a
schita) to draft
concept s. n. concept
concern s.n. concern
concesie s.f. concession
a face concesii cuiva - to meet smb.
half-way
a face ~ reciproce - to make mutual
concessions, to give and take
concesiona v.t. to grant; to license
concesionar s.m. concessionnaire;
grantee; licensee
~ de servicii publice - statutory
undertaker

CON-CON

concesiune s.f. concession; franchise;

lease; grant; license
~ a unei cai ferate - railway concession
~ de prospectiune - (pentru desco-perirea
zdcdmintelor de hidrocarburi) exploration
license ~ forestiera - timber claim ~
miniera - mining claim ~ scurta (yalabild pentru mai putin de 50 de ani)
short lease concesor s.m. grantor; licenser
conciliere s.f. conciliation concordat s.n.
(acord cu creditorii) {dr.) deed of
arrangement/assignment, scheme of
composition/arrangement between debtor
and creditors, legal settlement, private
arrangement, composition, bankrupt's
certificate concura v.i. (cu) to compete
(with) concurent adj. competitive, rival
s.m. competitor, rival
concurenta s.f. competition, rivalry ~
agresiva - knocking competition ~ care nu
se manifests prin preturi -nonprice
competition
~ dura/acerba - cutthroat/keen/severe
competition
~ imperfecta - imperfect competition ~
libera - free competition ~ loiala - fair
competition ~ monopolists monopolistic competition
~ neloiala - unfair competition ~ perfecta
- perfect competition concurential adj.
competitive condamna v.t. (dr.) to convict,
to sentence; (la amendd) to fine; (la plata
despdgubirilor, acordarea de daune-interese) to cast

93

condamnat s.m. convict; (in contu-macie)

defaulter
condica s.f. book of entry; register ~ de
prezenta - attendance book ~ de
reclamatii - book of complaints, requests
book a trece in ~ - to register conditie s.f.
1. (stare, situatie) condition, situation 2.
(clauzd) condition, stipulation;^/, terms 3.
(sociald) status, rank
~ implicita - implied condition ~ legala legal condition ~ nula - null and void
condition ~ prealabila - prerequisite ~
rezolutorie - (dr.) condition subsequent
~ suspensiva - (dr.) condition precedent
conditii acceptabile - fair terms ~ actuale
- prevailing conditions ~ ale trasului
pentru acceptarea cambiei - terms of
acceptance ~ ale unei emisiuni - (fin.)
terms of an issue
~ americane - (in comertui cu cereale)
American terms
~ atractive - attractive terms ~
contractuale - conditions of contract ~
convenite/stabilite - agreed terms,
conditions agreed upon ~ de adeziune - (la
o asociatie, un club etc.) conditions of
membership ~ de calitate - quality
requirements ~ de cartel maritim conference terms
~ de creditare - credit terms ~ de
exploatare/functionare -operating
conditions
~ de lichidare - (bur.) settlement terms

94

~ de linie - (mar.) berth/liner terms ~ de

livrare - delivery terms, terms of delivery,
specifications for delivery;
(reduceri de preturi acordate de
angrosist detailistilor) temns to trade,
trade terms
~ de livrare a secarei/granelor {mar.) rye terms
~ de munca - working conditions
~ de navlosire - (mar.) chartering
terms
~ de operare la chei - (mar.) quay
terms
~ de plata - payment terms, terms of
payment
~ de plata a tratei - draft terms
~ de plata in numerar fara reduceri
- terms strictly net cash
~ de plata pentru transport direct through rate
~ de preturi inclusive - inclusive
terms
~ de scont - discount terms
~ de vanzare - terms of sale
~ generate de livrare - general
delivery terms
~ inacceptabile - unacceptable terms
~ in vigoare - conditions ruling
~ la realizarea unei investitii (impuse investitiilor strdine directe de
cdtre guvernul tdrii respective)
investment performance requirements
~ nefavorabile unfavourable terms
~ preferentiale - preferential terms
~ tehnice - technical regulations
~ tehnice de calitate - quality
specifications, specifications of quality
~ uzuale - usual terms
~ variabile - varying terms
~ vechi/existente - old terms
a conveni asupra ~ - to come to terms

COTM-CON

a pune ~ - to make terms a-si formula ~ to lay down one's conditions, to make one's
terms conditiona v.t. to condition conduce
v.t. (a administra) to manage, to direct; (a
supraveghea) to supervise, to superintend;
(o afacere) to carry on, to run
~ o adunare - to preside over/to chair a
meeting
conducere s.f. 1. (administrare) administration; managership, leadership;
management; (supraveghere) supervision,
superintendence;
(a
unei afaceri)
carriage, running 2. (cadre) staff
~ a uzinei - works management ~
centralizata - centralized management
~ colectiva -joint management ~ de
proiect integral - integrated project
management
~ direct responsabila de indeplinirea
obiectivelor
intreprinderii
line
management
~ dupa principiul rezultatelor -(bune sau
rele) management by principle
~ generala - general management ~
gresita - mismanagement ~ ierarhica (man.) chain of command
~ imediat superioara salariatilor
obi^nuiti - first-line management ~ la
nivel mediu - middle management ~ prin
eliminare - (a datelor nesem-nificative din
bugete sail planuri in scopiil unei corectii)
management by exception
~ prin obiective - (pentru o eficientd
sporitd) management by objectives

CON-CON

~ prin participare - participative

management
~ redactionala - editorship
~ superioara - top management
~ unica - one-man/Caesar
management
conducta s.f. pipe, pipeline
~ de ape reziduale/uzate - waste pipe
~ submarina - (pentru transportui
produselor petroliere) submarine/
underwater pipeline, sea pipe
conduita s.f. conduct
~ extrem de rea - (a unui angajat,
care, in asemenea situatii, este demis
imediat) (man.) gross misconduct
confectii s.f. pi. ready-made/'-to-wear
clothes, store clothes, wear, wearing
apparel
confectiona v.t. {a fabrica) to
manufacture; to work
conferinta s.f. 1. (discurs) lecture,
speech 2. (adunare) conference;
meeting; congress 3. (grad universitar)
lectureship
~ de instruire - briefing conference ~ de
presa - press conference ~ la nivel inalt summit conference ~ nationala/pe tara nation-wide/all--country conference ~
telefonica - conference call a tine o ~ - to
give/to deliver a lecture confidential adj.
confidential; (secret) secret adv.
confidentially, privately confidentialitate
s.f. confidentiality conHrma v.t. to
confirm; to acknowledge
~ o tire - to confirm a piece of news ~
primirea unei scrisori - to acknowledge
the receipt of a letter confirmare s.f.
confirmation, acknowledgement

95

~ a comenzii - acknowledgement of
order
~ a creditului - advice of credit
~ a greutatii - (mdr/ii)
acknowledgement of weight
~ a tranzactiei - advice of deal
~ de primire - acknowledgement of
receipt
confisca v.t. to confiscate, to seize
confiscare s.f. confiscation, seizure
~ a marfurilor nedeclarate in vama seizure of goods not declared to the
customs
~ de actiuni (subscrise si nepldtite la
termenul scadent) forfeiture of shares
conflict 5. n. conflict
~ de competenta/jurisdictie - (dr.)
concurrence of jurisdiction
~ de delimitare - (dezacord apdrut
nitre sindicate cu privire la ce
categoric de muncitori ar trebui sd
execute anumite tipuri de lucrdri)
demarcation dispute
~ de interese - conflict of interests
~ de legi - adversity/conflict of laws
~ de munca - industrial/labour dispute
~ de retea (apdrut mtre membrii unei
retele de distributie) channel conflict
conform adj. (cu) conformable (to),
true (to), according (to), corresponding
(to) prep. according to, in accordance/
keeping/agreement with, in conformity/
compliance with; (datoritd) owing to
~ avizului - (^m^^v^^^
per advice
~ comenzii dvs. - in conformity/
compliance with your order
~ contului remis - as per account
rendered
~ copiei anexate - as per copy
enclosed

96

~ cu originalul - corresponding/
conformable to the original
~ darii de seama anexate - as per
statement enclosed
~ facturii - as per invoice
~ legii - according to the law
~ mostrei - as per sample, up to
sample
~ planului - according to plan
~ uzului - (corn.) as customary
conforma v.r. to comply with
congela v.t. to freeze, to refrigerate
congelare s.f. freezing, refrigeration
~ rapida - quick freezing
conglomerat s.n. (forma de
concentrare, de integrare sub controlul
unui centru de decizie a unor unitdti
economice cu profil fi activitdti
diferite) conglomerate
congress.n. congress
conjunctura s.f. (economicd)
conjuncture
~ a pietei - market condition/position
conosament s.n. (mar.) bill of lading,
freight document
~ colectiv - general/omnibus bill of
lading
~ curat/fara rezerve/mentiuni - clean
bill of lading
~ de linie - liner bill of lading
~ de primire - (marfuri recepfionate,
dar neincdrcate) received bill of lading
~ direct - direct/through bill of lading
~ fluvial - river bill of lading
~ fractional - delivery/landing order
~ la ordin - order/port bill of lading
~ la purtator - blank/bearer bill of
lading
~ murdar/cu rezerve/mentiuni - (cu
menfiunea receptiondrii mdrfii in stare
necorespunzdtoare/improprie)

CON-CON

dirty/foul/unclean/claused/qualified bill
of lading
~ nominal - straight bill of lading
~ nou - fresh bill of lading
~ oceanic - ocean bill of lading
~ original - original bill of lading
~ partial - (pentru o partidd de mar/a)
parcel bill of lading
~ pentru marfuri de export - outward
bill of lading
~ pentru marfuri de import - inward
bill of lading
~ pentru marfuri incarcate ship/ship's/shipped bill of lading
~ pentru marfuri neincarcate - (care
urmeazd a fi incarcate} received-for-shipment bill of lading
~ -tip - uniform bill of lading
consemna v.t. 1. (bani) to deposit 2. (a
incredinta, a da marfuri spre pdstrare)
to consign 3. (a inregistrd) to register,
to record, to write down
conserva v.t. (in cutii de conserve) to
can, to tin
conserve s.f. pi. tinned food; (SUA)
canned food
consignatar s.m. consignee;
depositary, depository
consignator s.m. consignor, consigner;
depositor
consignatie s.f. (de marfuri)
consignment (of goods)
consilier s.m. 1. adviser, consultant 2.
(membru al unui consiliu) councillor
~ comunal/municipal - town
councillor
~ economic - economic adviser
~ fiscal - tax consultant
~ juridic - legal/law adviser
~ tehnic - technical adviser
consiliu s.n. council, board

CON-CON

~ comunal/municipal/orasenesc town council

~ de administratie - board of
directors, managing board, directorate
~ de arbitraj - conciliation board
~ de tutela - board of trustees
~ districtual/regional - district council
~ valutar - currency board
consolida v.t. 1. to consolidate, to
strenghten 2. (fin.) (p datorie) to fund;
(datoria publicd) to consolidate 3. (a
centraliza, a Integra bilanturile filia-lelor
unei societdti-mamd in bilantui global care
devine bilant consolidaf) (cont.) to
consolidate v.r. (despre cursul actiunilor)
(bur.) to consolidate consolidare s.f. 1.
(fin.) (a datoriilor) funding; (a datoriei
publice) consolidation 2. (centralizare,
abordare in grup a unei societdfi-mamd cu
filialele ei in scopuri contabile)
consolidation 3. (stabilizarea cursului
actiunilor} (bur.) consolidation 4.
(stingerea unui drept de uzufruct prin
intrunirea, in aceeasi persoand, a calitdtii
de uzu-fructuar si de nud proprietor) (dr.)
consolidation
consor(iu.?./?. consortium, syndicate
constitui v.t. to constitute; (a forma, a
infiinta) to form
constituire s.f. constitution; (formare,
infiintare) formation
~ a unei societati - company formation
~ a unui fond de rezerva - formation of a
reserve fund constituit adj. constituted ~
sub forma unei corporatii -incorporate,
incorporated

97

constrange v.t. 1. (a sili) to constrain, to

oblige; (aforfa) to compel, to force 2. (dr.)
to coerce; to bind over constrangere s.f.
1. compulsion;
constraint,
restraint;
(restricfie)
restriction 2. (legald) coercition;
binding over 3. (exercitatd pentru semnarea
unui contract) duress ~ a vanzatorilor
descoperiti - (care vdnd la termen fard
acoperire, obligati sd cumpere in pierdere
pentru a face fata
angajamentelor
contractuale) (bur.) bear squeeze
~ aplicata de autoritati - (asupra navei)
restraint of authorities ~ bugetara - budget
constraint ~ si retinere - (a navei) restraint
and detainment constructor s.m. builder,
constructor;
(antreprenor) building contractor ~ de
masini navale - marine engineer ~ naval
- shipbuilder, naval architect/constructor
constructie s.f. 1. (construire) building,
construction
2.
(cladire) building,
construction, structure;
(lucrare) development ~ de automobile automotive engineering
~ de drumuri - road building/making ~ de
masini
mechanical
engineering
constructii civile - civil engineering ~
navale - shipbuilding, ship construction,
naval construction/ architecture
~ navale civile - civil shipbuilding construi
v./. to build, to construct; to engineer
construire s.f. building, construction;
engineering

98

~ a unei pozitii - (prin cumpdrarea

treptatd de actiuni pentru a evita

creterea bruscd a pretului lor) (bur.)

position building
consuls. m. consul
~ general - consul general
consular adj. consular
consulat s.n. consulate, consular office
~ general - consulate general
consultant adj. consulting s.m.
consultant, adviser
~ managerial - management
consultant
consultants s.f. consulting, counselling
~ financiara - financial counselling
~ in sectorul promovarilor - (intr-o
firmd) (man.) career counselling
consultativ adj. consultative, advisory
a avea vot ~ - to be present in an
advisory capacity, to have advisory
vote

consume./i. consumption
~ de capital - capital consumption
~ de combustibil - fuel consumption
~ final/de produse finale - final
consumption
~ intermediar (de bunuri economice
pentru a produce alte bunuri)
intermediate consumption
~ intern - domestic/home consumption
~ intraramuri - (cont.) intrabranch
consumption
~ national - national consumption
~ neproductiv - unproductive
consumption
~ ostentativ - (nemotivat de necesitdti,
stimulat de dorinta confirmdrii unei
pozitii sociale superioare) conspicuous
consumption
~ privat - private consumption
~ productiv - productive consumption

CON-CON

~ public - public consumption

~ specific - specific consumption
~ zilnic - daily consumption
consuma v.t. 1. (a folosi) to use; (a
risipi) to waste 2. (energie) to
consume, to use up 3. (a epuiza) to
spend, to exhaust
consumator s.m. consumer; (final)
end-user
~ de capital (despre ramurile si
activitdtile industrials care necesitd un

volum mare de capital pentru a

functiona) capital-intensive
~ de forta de munca - (despre
ramurile i activitdtile industriale care
necesitd un volum mare de forta de
mimed) labour-intensive
~ final - end-user, final/ultimate
consumer
~ progresist - progressive consumer
consumerism s. n. consumerism
constientizare s.f. (cunoasterea
calitdtilor unui produs de cdtre
consumatori) awareness
conts.n. account
~ activ - (de operatiuni) active account
~ administrat - (cont bancar investit
pe piata financiara) cash management
account
~ al clientului - client account
~ al vanzatorului/vanzarilor fara
acoperire - short account
~ bancar - bank/banking account
~ blocat - blocked/frozen account
~ comun -joint account
~ creditor - creditor account
~ curent - current account, account
current; (in baza cdruia se pot emite
cecuri) cheque account; (SUA)
checking account
~ de accepte - acceptance account

CON-CON

~ de achizitii - purchases account

~ de activ - (cu sold debitor)
debit/debtor account
~ de alocare/repartizare - (a
profitului net) appropriation account
~ de amortizare - depreciation
account
~ de buget - (cont bancar din care se
achitd regulat platile curente) budget
account
~ de calculare a profitului brut trading/working account
~ de capital - capital account
~ de casa - cash account
~ de cheltuieli - charges account
~ de curing - clearing account
~ de compensatie - offset account
~ de concentrare - {cont de depozit in
care se vireazd periodic sume de ban!)
concentration account
~ de consignatie - consignment
account
~ de control/rectificare - control/
adjustment/total account
~ de creante nerecuperabile - bad
debts account
~ de credit - loan account
~ de credit neachitat la scadenta delinquent account
~ de custodie - custody account
~ de depozit - deposit account
~ de depozit la termen - fixed deposit
account
~ de depozit la vedere - sight deposit
account
~ de economii - savings account;
(SUA) thrift account
~ de egalizare a dividendelor - (cdnd
se inregistreazd mart variatii ale profiturilor anuale) dividend equalization
account

99

~ de fonduri de rezerva - reserve

account
~ de lichidare/decontare - settlement
account
~ de modificare a patrimoniului asset liability adjustment account
~ de plati e$alonate - deferred
payment account
~ de productie - production account
~ de profit i pierderi - profit/gain
and loss account
~ de vanzari - sales account, account
sales
~ de venituri/incasari fiscale revenue account
~ de venituri si cheltuieli - income
and expediture account
~ de virament - transfer account
- deschis - (in baza unui credit) open
account
~ descoperit - overdraft
~ detaliat - detailed/specified account
~ din cartea mare - ledger account
~ diverse - sundries/sundry account
~ fara dobanda - noninterest bearing
account
~ fiduciar - trust/trustee account
~ inactiv - inactive/dormant/dead
account
~ interimar - interim account
~ in credit - (corn.) credit account;
(SUA) charge account
~ in tranzit/tranzitoriu - suspense
account
~ in valuta - foreign currency account
~ loro (cont deschis de o bancd din
strdindtate pentm corespondentiil sdu
din alta tard, cu scopul de a mregistra
sumele care se incaseazd in folosiil
sdu) loro account
~ lunar - (corn.) monthly account

100

CON-CON

~ nesoldat - unbalanced account

data cu modificarea vdnzdrilor)

~ nostro - (cont deschis de o bancd la

corespondentui sdu din strdindtate, in
care se tnregistreazd toate operathmile
bdncii titulare) nostro account

spontaneous accounts
a trece in cont - to carry to account
a trece in contui cuiva - to place/to
carry to smb.'s account
contabil-y.m. bookkeeper, accountant
~ atestat/autorizat - certified
accountant; (in Marea Britanie)
chartered accountant
~ managerial atestat/autorizat (care lucreazd in sectorul afacerilor)
(SUA) certified management
accountant
~ public/autorizat - public accountant
~ public atestat/autorizat - (SUA)
certified public accountant
contabilitate s.f. 1. bookkeeping,
accounting, accountancy 2. (serviciu)
accounting department
~ a costurilor - cost accounting
~ a costurilor curente/de inflatie current cost accounting
~ a fuziunii - merger accounting
~ creatoare - creative accounting
~ de amortizare - depreciation
accounting
- de inflatie - inflation accounting
~ fara cifre - (bazatd pe simboluri,
pentru uzul conducerii) figureless
accounts
~ financiara - financial accounting
~ integrata - integrated accounting
~ in partida dubia - double-entry
bookkeeping
~ in partida simpla - single-entry
bookkeeping
~ manageriala - (date in baza cdrora
se asigurd conducerea, planificarea,
sarcinile administrative) managerial/
management accounting
~ nationala - national accounting

~ numeric - numbered account

~ particular - private account
~ personal - personal/private account;
(de retragere de fonduri al proprietarului unei afaceri) drawings account

~ provizoriu - provisional account

~ remis - account rendered
~ special/separat - special/separate
account
~ specificat - itemized account
~ transferabil - transferable account
~ vostro - (conturile bdncilor-corespondent deschise la o boned
data) vostro account

conturi ale activitatii agentilor

economici - economic activity
accounts
~ ale sectoarelor economice economic sectors accounts
~ anuale/finale - annual accounts
~ consolidate - consolidated accounts
~ de creante - accounts receivable
~ de datorii - accounts payable
~ de grup - group accounts
~ de plata a impozitelor - (SUA)
Treasury tax and loan accounts
~ debitoare - outstandings
~ impersonale - impersonal accounts
~ manageriale - management accounts
~ nominale - nominal accounts
~ pe doua rubrici - two-sided
accounts
~ reale - real accounts
~ spontane - (conturi din bilanf si
situatia venitului care se schimbd o

60

cale s.f. 1. (drum) road, street; (ruta)

route 2. (w .se/iy abstract) way, path,
course 3. (mijioc) way, means
~ de apa navigabila - navigable
waterway
~ de navigatie interioara - inland
waterway
~ ferata - rail, railway; (SUA) railroad
~ ferata uzinala - yard track,
works/factory railway
~ maritima - sea road, seaway
~ maritima costiera - coastwise sea
lane
cai de comunicatie - lines of
communication
~ si mijioace - ways and means
calendar s.n. calendar
calfa s.f. journeyman
calificare s.f. qualification; (a muncitorilor) skill
~ la locul de munca - training at the
job
calificat adj. qualified; skilled
calitate s.f. 1. (msusire) quality;
property, attribute; asset; (caracteristica) (distinctive) feature, characteristic
2. (fel) sort, kind; grade 3. (a unei
obligatiuni, care exprimd gradul de
rise pentru investitor) quality
~ a conducerii de a lua decizii management discretion
~ a produsului - product quality
~ a vietii - quality of life
~ acceptabila - fair quality
~ buna - sound quality
~ comerciala - commercial quality/
grade
~ conform mostrei - quality as per
sample
~ de asociat/partener - partnership
~ de membru - membership

CAL-CAM.

~ dubia - (a brokerilor de a lucra ca

intermediari sau pe cont propriu}
(bur.) dual capacity
~ functionala - functional quality
~ inferioara - low/cheap quality
~ ireprosabila - perfect quality
~ la incarcare - {mar.) shipped quality
~ medie - medium/average quality
~ medie buna - (despre grdu) fair
average quality
~ mediocra - poor quality
~ standard - standard quality/grade
~ stipulata/convenita - stipulated
quality
~ superioara - prime/superior/high
first quality, fineness
~ totala - (man.) total quality
~ vandabila - merchantable quality
calitativ adj. qualitative
calm s.n. (pepiata bursiera) doldrums
camata s.f. usury
cambial adj. bill...
cambie s.f. bill (of exchange)
~ acceptata - accepted bill
~ andosata - backed/endorsed bill
~ bancara - bank/banker's bill.
finance bill
~ comerciala - commercial/trade bill.
two-name paper
~ cu scadenta depaita - overdue
past-due bill
~ cu scadenta fixa - fixed-date bill
~ curata/fara rezerve/mentiuni clean bill of exchange
~ de clasa tntai - fine bank/trade bill.
prime/respectable bill
~ de complezenta - accommodation
bill, kite
~ de investitie - investment bill
~ domiciliata - domiciled bill

CON-CON

~ prudenta - conservative accounting

~ tabulara - tabular bookkeeping
a tine contabilitatea - to keep the
books
container s.n. container
~ celular - (pentru portcontainere cu
celule) nesting-type container
~ combinat - (din aluminiu si otel)
combined aluminium-steel container
~ de aluminiu - all-aluminium
container
~ de mare capacitate - van container
~ de marfa - cargo/freight container
~ de transbordare - transfer container
~ de tranzit - noncaptive van
container
~ de vagon - van container
~ demontabil - demountable container
~ deschis/fara capac - (pentru mdrfuri
in vrac) open(-top) container
~ ermetic/etan? - watertight container,
lift van
~ fara marfa - empty container
~ flexibil - (pentru lichide) flexible
container
~ frigorific - refrigerated container
~ izotermic - insulated container
~ nereturnabil - single-trip/disposal
container
~ pentru lichide - fluid container
~ pentru marfa m vrac - bulk
container
~ pentru marfa uscata - dry freight
container
~ pentru pachete - packaged
container
~ pentru paleti - pallet container
~ pentru transporturi maritime shipping container
~ -platforma - platform container
~ returnabil - returnable container

101

~ reversibil - reversing container

~ sigilat - sealed container
~ standardizat - standardized/ISO
container
~ stivuibil - stowable cargo container
~ -slep - floating barge container
~ - tanc - tank container
containeriza v.t. to containerize
containerizabil adj. containerizable
containerizare s.f. containerization
~ ,,chei la chei" - (mar.) pier-to-pier
containerization
contamina v.t. to contaminate; to
pollute
contaminare s.f. (a caricului, m
special cu apd de mare) (asig. mar.)
contamination; pollution
~ cu praf- (a mdrfurilor) dust damage
contango s.n. (la bursa de valori,
amdnarea achitdrii unei datorii, prin
plata unei dobanzi, pand la urmdtoarea lichidare; la bursa de mdrfuri,
diferenta dintre pretui spot si pretui
forward sau futures) contango,
continuation
contencios adj. contentious s.n. claim
department, disputed claims office,
legal/law department
contesta v.t. to contest, to dispute
~ o creanta - to dispute a debt, to put a
claim in issue
contingent s.n. (plafon cantitativ ori
valoric al importului sau al exportului
unor mdrfuri mtr-o anumitd perioada)
quota
~ de export - export quota
~ de import - import quota
~ tarifar - tariff quota
contingentare s.f. (corn.) quota system
contingentat adj. (corn.) subject to
quota restrictions

102

contort, n. counter, meter ~ de

apa - water meter ~ de gaze - gas
meter
~ electric electric meter; (care
functioneazd cu monede} slot meter contra
prep. against ~ chitanta - on receipt ~
numerar la predare - {corn.) cash and
delivery
~ tuturor riscurilor - (asig. mar.) against
all risks
contrabands
s.f.
1.
(actiune)
smuggling, contraband (trade), illicit trade
2. (mar/a) contraband/smuggled goods
~ absoluta - absolute contraband ~ de
arme - gun running ~ de bauturi
spirtoase - bootlegging ~ de razboi - war
contraband, contraband of war
~ ocazionala - occasional contraband a
face- - to smuggle, to carry/to run
contraband (goods)
contrabandist
s.m.
smuggler,
contrabandist
~ de alcool - bootlegger contracambie s.f.
redraft contracont s.n. (cont.) contra
contract s.n. contract, agreement, deed,
covenant
~ aleatoriu - (asig.) aleatory contract ~
anulabil - cancellable contract ~ asupra
pretului de navlu - freight agreement
~ bilateral/sinalagmatic - bilateral/
synallagmatic contract ~ -cadru - skeleton
contract ~ colectiv de munca - collective
labour agreement
~ consensual - consensual contract ~ cu
clauze restrictive - tie-in contract

CON-CON

~ cu optiune (prin care actiuni sau

mdrfuri sunt tranzactionate la o data si
un pret specificat) option contract
~ cu penalitate fixa - (in cazul cdnd o
obligatie contractuald nu este indeplinitd) fixed penalty bond
~ cu titlu gratuit/fara contraprestatie
- nude/naked contract
~ de angajare - employment contract;
(mar.) ship's/shipping articles, articles
of agreement
~ de angajare pe voiaj - (mar.)
voyage-to-voyage contract
~ de agentie/comision - contract of
agency
~ de arendare - lease
~ de asigurare insurance contract
~ de asigurare maritima - marine
insurance contract
~ de asociere - articles/deed of
partnership, partnership deed
~ de cesiune - deed of assignment
~ de colaborare - (prin care o
companie angajeazd o persoand intr-o
functie de conducere) service contract
~ de comision - commission contract
~ de cumparare - purchase deed
~ de depunere in consignatie - (a
mdrfurilor) contract of consignment
~ de editare - publishing agreement
~ de emisiune - (acord formal intre
emitentnl unor obligatiuni fi detindtorii
acestora) indenture
~ de exclusivitate - tying contract
~ de imbarcare pe o nava straina (mar.) foreign agreement
~ de tmprumut maritim - bottomry
bond/contract
~ de imprumut maritim cu angajarea marfii - respondentia bond
~ de mchiriere - lease

CON-CON

~ de inchiriere a navei - (mar.)

charter
~ de inchiriere a navei nude - (fard
echipaj fi materiel Ie) (mar.) charter by
demise, demise/bare-boat/bare-hull
charter
~ de licenta - licence contract
~ de monopol - monopoly contract
~ de munca - labour contract
~ de munca cu specificatia neaderarii
sindicale (sub sanctiunea rezilierii)
yellow dog contract party
~ de munca pentru o anumita
lucrare - fixed job contract
~ de navlosire - (mar.) charter, charter
party, carriage/shipping contract,
contract of affreightment/carriage,
freight contract/agreement
~ de navlosire brut - gross-form
charter
~ de navlosire cu navlu global/
forfetar - lump-sum charter
~ de navlosire curat/fara rezerve/
mentiuni - clean charter
~ de navlosire dus-intors - round-trip
charter
~ de navlosire pe termen - time
charter
- de navlosire pe voiaj - single-trip
charter
~ de navlosire pe voiaj e consecutive consecutive voyage charter party
~ de navlosire pentru caric uscat dry cargo charter
~ de navlosire tip - uniform charter
~ de reprezentanta - agency contract
~ de societate - memorandum of
association
~ de stat - public contract
~ subscriere - underwriting contract

103

~ de transport al marfurilor pe
raspunderea proprietarului - (mar.) bill
of adventure ~ de transport in conditii
de linie (mar.) berth charter
~ de transport pentru cereale (mar.) grain charter
~ de transport pentru ingrasaminte
chimice - (mar.) fertilizer charter
~ de transport pentru marfuri
generale - (mar.) general charter
~ de transport pentru minereuri (mar.) ore charter
~ de ucenicie - indenture, articles of
apprenticeship
~ de vanzare - bill/deed of sale
~ de vanzare absolut - absolute bill of
sale
~ de vanzare conditionata conditional bill of sale
~ de vanzare-cumparare - bargain
and sale, deed of conveyance, private
treaty
~ de vanzare in rate - easy terms,
hire-purchase agreement
~ deschis de navlosire - (fdra
indicarea anticipatd a porturilor si a
incdrcdturilor) open charter
~ direct/fara intermediar - direct
contract
~ divizibil - (cu obligatii independente
unele de altele) severable contract
~ dolosiv - (dr.) fraudulent contract
~ executat/terminat - executed
contract
~ executoriu - enforceable/executory
contract
~ fiduciar - (dr.) trust deed/
instrument, deed of trust
~ formal - formal contract
~ futures - futures contract

104

~ global - package deal

~ implicit/tacit - implied contract
~ inactiv (in care nu au fost trecute
numele) dormant deed
~ in antrepriza - (prin care se of era
echipament complet si asistentd pentru
pornirea imediatd a activitdfii) turnkey
contract
~ in curs de derulare - running
contract
~ in vigoare - valid contract
~ la termen - forward contract
~ nul si neavenit - null and void
contract
~ oneros - onerous contract
~ opresiv - oppressive contract
~ principal de inchiriere - (pentru o
proprietate ulterior subinchiriatd) head
lease
~ reziliat - void contract
~ secundar - subcontract
~ spot/pentru disponibil - spot
contract
~ sub sigiliu privat - contract by
deed/under seal, special contract,
specialty
~ -tip - standard agreement
~ -tip de navlosire - (mar.) uniform
charter
~ unilateral - unilateral/one-sided
contract
~ verbal - verbal contract
contracte actuale - (ca opus al
contractelor futures) actuals
~ financiare futures/la termen financial futures
~ la termen - (contracte de vdnzare
sau cumpa.ra.re de mdrfuri ori active
financiare la o data viitoare
prestabilitd) futures

CON-CON

a H legat printr-un contract - to be

under articles
a incheia un ~ - to enter into/to
conclude an agreement
contracta v.t. (un imprumut, o datorie)
to contract, to incur; (o obligatie) to lay
oneself under
contractant s.m.
contractor,
contracting party; privy
contractual adj. contractual, stipulated
by contract
contraface v.t. to counterfeit, to forge;
to adulterate, to fake up
contrafacere s.f. counterfeit, forgery;
adulteration, fake
contrafacut adj. counterfeit(ed),
forged, fake, spurious
contragarantie s.f. surety for a surety
contragreutate s.f. balance weight,
weight equalizer, counterpoise
contramanda v.t. to countermand, to
cancel, to call off
contramandare s.f. countermand,
cancellation
contramarca s.f. check, counterfoil,
heel
contraoferta s.f. counteroffer; (la
licitatie) counterbid
contrapartida s.f. (corn.) countertrade
contraprestatie s.f. (dr.) consideration
~ executorie - executory consideration
contrasemna v.t., v.i. to countersign
contrasemnatura s.f. countersignature
contrastalii s.f. pi. (penalizdri) (mar.)
demurrage
~ contractuale - liquidated demurrage
~ extraordinare/necontractuale unliquidated demurrage
~ ocazionate/produse - demurrage
incurred, incurred demurrage
contratrata s.f. redraft

CON-CON

contravaloare s.f. equivalent value

contravenient s.m. offender,
contravener, infringer, transgressor,
trespasser
contraventie s.f. contravention,
infringement, trespass
contribuabil s.m. taxpayer, ratepayer,
contributor, tax bearer
contribui v.i. to contribute
contributie s.f. contribution;
(bdneascd) share, quota
~ la avaria comuna - (asig. mar.)
general average contribution, average
bond/payment
~ la coliziune - (asig. mar.) (SUA)
hotchpotch
~ pentru pensie - superannuation
contribution
~ proportionals (la avaria comuna)
rat(e)able contribution
control s.n. 1. (financiar, vamal etc.)
control; (yerificare) check, checking,
checkup; (inspectie) inspection; (examinare) examination; (supraveghere)
supervision 2. (exercitat de actionarul
sau grupul de acfionari care define mai
mult de 50% din actiunile unei
societdti) control
~ administrativ - administrative
control
~ al creditelor - credit control
~ al managementului bancii (efectuat de banca centrald) bank
examination
~ al masei monetare - (exercitat de
guvern pentru a limita inflatia) squeeze
~ al navei - (executat de autoritdti)
boarding
~ al preturilor - price control
~ al salariilor si al preturilor - wage
and price control

105

~ al statului - state control

~ al venitului/averii - (pentru a vedea
dacd se pot acorda unele facilitdti
fiscale) means test
~ bugetar - budgetary control
~ contabil - audit
~ de calitate - quality control
~ de pescaj - (mar.) draft/draught
survey
~ operativ - (decurgdnd din detinerea
a 51% din actiunile unei firme)
working control
~ pe loturi standard - standard batch
control
~ prin imputerniciti - mandatory
control
~ statistic - statistical control
~ tehnic - technical control
~ vamal - customs examination/
inspection/search; (mar.) rummage
~ vamal impotriva contrabandei contraband control
controla v.t. 1. to control; (a verified)
to verify, to check up; (a inspecta) to
inspect; (a examina) to examine; (a
supraveghea) to supervise 2. (conturi)
to audit 3. (masa monetard) to squeeze
~ piata - to hold the market
controlor s.m. 1. (al unei activitdti
etc.) supervisor, inspector; examiner;
surveyor 2. (revizor contabil) auditor 3.
(director economic) controller,
comptroller
~ al cantitatii - (in constructii)
quantity surveyor
~ de bilete - (c.f.) ticket collector; (in
autobuz) ticket inspector
~ de calitate - inspector
~ de masuri si greutati - surveyor of
weights and measures

106

~ vamal - preventive officer, searcher,

landwaiter
~ vamal de bagaje - luggage inspector
continut s.n. 1. {al unui recipient)
content(s); (capacitate) capacity 2. (al
unui document) tenor
~ de umiditate - moisture content
conurbatie s.f. conurbation
conveier s.n. (bandd transportoare)
conveyer, conveyor, conveyer/
conveyor band/belt
convenabil adj. (despre preturi) fair;
(acceptable acceptable, admissible conventie
s.f. 1. convention;
agreement; treaty 2. (concordat, acord intre un
debitor si creditorii sdi pri-vilor la lichidarea
datoriilor priii plata iinei sume mat mid decdt
intreaga datorie angajata) (dr.) composition ~
colectiva de munca - collective labour
agreement
- de reasigurare - treaty reinsurance ~ pentru
evitarea dublei impuneri -double tax
avoidance agreement ~ po^tala - postal
convention " scrisa - agreement in writing
conversie v. conversiune conversiune s.f.
(schimbarea condi-tiilor initiale ale unui
impruinut, emi-terea de noi tUhiri pentru a
inlocui alte titluri) (fin.) conversion
- a imprumutului in titluri de
valoare - (tendinta marilor societdti de
a emite titluri de valoare pentru a nu
mai recurge la credite bancare)
securitization
converti v.t. \o convert
~ m numerar {active, titluri de
valoare) to realize
convertibil adj. convertible

CON-COO

~ in numerar - (despre active, titluri

de valoare) realizable
convertibilitate s.f. (fin.) convertibility
~ externa - external convertibility
~ limitata interna - domestic limited
convertibility
convertire s.f. conversion
~ in numerar - (a activelor, a
titlurilor de valoare) realization
convoca v.t. (adundri, sedinte etc.) to
convene, to assemble, to call together,
to summon
~ o intrunire/edinta - to call a
meeting
~ un sindicat bancar - (pentru o
subscriere) to assemble a banking
syndicate
convocare s.f convening, assembling,
calling together, summons
convoi s.n. convoy
- de larg - (mar.) offshore convoy
~ de tragere - (c.f.) truck train
~ fluvial - river convoy
~ maritim - maritime convoy
convorbire s.f. conversation, talk
~ telefonica - telephone conversation
~ telefonica interurbana - long-distance call, toll/trunk call
coopera v.i. (la) to cooperate (in)
cooperare s.f. cooperation
cooperatist adj. cooperative s.m.
cooperative farmer
cooperativa s.f. cooperative society
~ agricola - agricultural cooperative,
communal agricultural organization
~ agricola de productie - cooperative
farm
~ de consum - cooperative shop/store,
consumers' cooperative society
~ de credit - credit union/cooperative,
cooperative bank

coo-cos
~ de credit local - local financial
cooperative
cooperativizare s.f. cooperativization
cooperatie s.f. cooperative system
copartaja v.t. to share jointly
copartener s.m. copartner
coparticipare s.f. (participare a
muncitorilor la beneficii sail la luarea
deciziilor in intreprinderea in care
lucreazd) worker participation
copie s.f. copy; (duplicat) duplicate,
tenor, counterpart; (a unui document)
draft
~ de conosament - (mar.) copy of bill
of lading
~ exacta/fidela - fair/true copy
~ legalizata - certified/attested/office
copy
coproprietar s.m. coproprietor,
joint/part owner
coproprietate s.f coproprietorship,
coownership, joint possession/property
corecta v.t. to correct, to amend; to
adjust
corela v.t. to correlate
corelare s.f correlation
~ a nivelului salarizarii - wage level
adjustment
corespondent s.m. 1. {banca ce actioneazd ca agent pentru o altd banca
care nu are sucursale) correspondent 2.
(reporter) correspondent
~ special (cd unui ziar, al unui post
de televiziune) special correspondent
corespondenta s.f correspondence:
(postd) mail
- cornerciaia - business/commercial
correspondence
~ sosita - incoming mail
corp.5-.,". body
~ de nava - {coca) hull (of a. ship)

107

~ didactic - teaching staff

~ diplomatic - diplomatic corps
~ si masini - (asig. mar.) hull and
machinery
~ si materiale - (asig. mar.) hull and
materials
corporatism^./?, corporatism
corporatist adj. corporatist
corporativ adj. 1. (referitor la o
corporate) corporative, corporate
2. (constituit sub forma unei
corporatii) corporate, corporative
corporatie s.f 1. (breasld) craft
(guild), guild 2. (societate pe actiuni)
corporation
~ colectiva (cu mai multi membri)
(dr.) corporation aggregate
~ exclusiva - (titular, cu personalitate
juridicd, al uneia dintre anumite fiinctii
publice) (dr.) corporation sole
~ internationala - international
corporation
~ inchisa - (detinutd de un numdr mic
de persoane) (SUA) closely held
corporation
~ multinationala - multinational
corporation
~ profesionala - (care plateste
impozite) (SUA) professional
corporation
~ publica/de stat - public corporation
transnationala
transnational
corporation
corupe v.t. {a mitiii) to bribe coruptie s.f.
corruption cosmetizare s.f. (a unui magazin, a
a'iibalajului unuiprodus, a imei situani
fmanciare) face lift
cosolicitant s.m. (al uniti brevei de iin'eitlie)
joint applicant cost.?.??, cost

108

~ al calitatii pe lot - lot-quality cost

~ al capitalului - (media costurilor
comportate de diversele tipuri de
capital al unei companii) cost of capital
~ al capitalului propriu - cost of
equity
~ al creditului - (dobdndd) cost of
credit
~ al datoriilor - (rata dobdnzii noilor
datorii emise) cost of debt
~ al depozitarii - cost of storage
~ al emiterii unei emisiuni de
obligatiuni - bond issue cost
~ al fortei de munca - cost of labour,
wage costs

~ al intretinerii - maintenance/upkeep
cost

~ al navlosirii - (mar.) charterage

~ al noilor actiuni comune - cost of
new common equity
~ al ofertei de pret - bid cost
~ al opririi productiei - cost of
production stoppage
~ al pregatirii lucrului - cost of set-up
~ al profitului nerepartizat/acumulat
- (rata rentabilitdtii solicitate de
actionari pentru capitalurile proprii
obtinute de firmd prin retinerea fi
reinvestirea profitului) cost of retained
earnings
~ al recrutarii de personal - cost of
recruitment
~ al reformei - cost of reform
~ al schimbarilor de productie - cost
of change-over
~ al timpului de intrerupere a
productiei - cost of downtime
~ al transportului - carriage, cartage
~ al unei calatorii/curse - fare

COS-COS

~ al unei decizii in detrimentui alteia

- alternative (use) cost
~ al unei emisiuni monetare mintage
~ al vietii - cost of living
~ , asigurare, navlu - cost, insurance,
freight
~ , asigurare, navlu, comision si
dobanda - cost, insurance, freight,
commission and interest
~ , asigurare, navlu si comision cost, insurance, freight and commission
~ , asigurare, navlu si descarcat cost, insurance, freight and landed
~ , asigurare, navlu si diferenta de
curs de schimb - cost, insurance,
freight and exchange
~ comun - (atribuibil mai multor
produse etc.) (cont.) common cost
~ constant - constant cost
~ cu valoare determinata measurable cost
~ curent - (cont.) current cost
~ de achizitie - (al unei societdti)
acquisition cost
~ de emisiune - issue cost
~ de inlocuire - (al unui activ)
replacement cost
~ de lansare - (a unei emisiuni)
flo(a)tation cost
~ de oportunitate - (rata rentabilitdtii
celei mai bune investitii alternative
disponibile} opportunity cost, transfer
earnings
~ de penurie - shortage cost
~ de productie - production/prime/
flat/first cost
~ direct - direct cost
~ economic - (din perspectiva
economistului) economic cost
~ efectiv - actual cost

COS-COT

~ estimativ/dupa deviz - estimative/

estimated cost
~ fix - fixed cost; (care nu variazd in
funcfie de volumul productief) (SUA)
stand-by cost
~ incremental al capitalului - (costui
mediu al capitalului suplimentar
obtinut in timpul unui an dat)
incremental cost of capital
~ indirect - indirect cost
~ initial - original cost
~ istoric - (cost initial al unui activ)
historical cost
~ in trepte - (cost fix pdnd ce firma
ajunge la un nou nivel de activitate
comerciald, cdnd se fixeazd alt cost)
stepped cost
~ la mie - (metodd de calculare a
cheltuielilor de publicitate pentru
fiecare mie de cititori, ascultdtori etc.)
cost per thousand
~ marginal/incremental - (costui
aferent producerii unei unitdti
suplimentare deprodus) marginal cost
~ mediu - (pe unitatea de productie)
average cost
~ mediu fix - average fixed cost
~ mediu variabil - average variable
cost

~ neabsorbit - (cheltuieli de regie,

alocate pentru asigurarea unei
activitdti de productie, neutilizate in
totalitate) unabsorbed cost
~ orar de functionare a masinii machine-hour rate
~ pe unitatea de timp - time cost
~ planificat - budgeted cost
~ real - real cost
~ recurent - recurrent cost
~ standard - standard cost

109

~ suplimentar - extra cost; (pentru tacdm

la restaurant) cover charge ~ si asigurare
- cost and insurance ~ si navlu - cost and
freight ~ total al stocurilor - (raportui
dintre costui total de detinere si costui
total de comanda) total inventory costs ~
total de comanda - (costui lansdrii unei
comenzi) total ordering costs ~ total de
detinere - (costurile mentinerii unor
stocuri) total carrying costs
~ variabil - variable cost costuri care
influenteaza luarea deciziilor - decisionmaking costs ~ comune -joint costs ~ de
exploatare - working costs ~ de
reprezentare/mandat - (costuri asociate
cu monitorizarea actiunilor administratiei
pentru a verifica dacd acestea respectd
angajamentele contractuale dintre
conducere, actionari si creditor!) agency
costs ~ fixe/obligatorii - unavoidable costs
~ la latitudinea conducerii - managed
costs
~ sociale - social costs costa
v.;". to cost
~ scump - to be expensive, to cost dear, to
come high co$ s.n. basket
~ valutar - (grup de volute selectate pentru
evaluarea altei valute) basket of
currencies, currency basket cota v.t. (la
bursa) to quote cotabil adj. (la bursa)
quotable, quoteworthy
cotare s.f. (bur.) quotation, listing ~
dubia - dual listing
~ la bursa - (stock) exchange quotation,
exchange listing

110

~ pentru disponibil - spot quotation

cotatie s.f. (bur.) quotation; price ~
anterioara - previous quotation
bursiera
(stock)
exchange
quotation
~ consecutiva - consecutive quotation ~ de
deschidere - marrying price ~ de
tnchidere - closing price ~ la termen forward quotation ~ nominala - nominal
quotation ~ oficiala - official quotation
cota s.f. quota, share
~ a cheltuielilor de capital -(cheltuieli cu
amortizarea pentru scopuri fiscale) capital
cost allowance ~ a navlurilor - (mar.) rate
of freight, freight rate
~ a navlurilor de linie - (mar.) berth
freight rate
~ a navlurilor pentru marfuri generale (mar.) general cargo rate, generals rate
~ de amortizare - redemption quota ~ de
export - export quota ~ de import - import
quota ~ de profit - share of profit ~ de
vanzari - (a unui agent de vdnzari) sales
quota ~ impozabila - taxable quota ~ in
aur (cota. de participare, depusd in
aur, de cdtre un statmembru al FMI)
gold tranche ~ - parte - share, quota ~ parte din beneficii - share of the profits
~
procentuala
percentage
contribution
~ scutita de taxe - tax-free quota cotidian
adj. daily s.n. daily paper cotiza v.i. to
subscribe; (ca membru) to pay one's
membership dues

COT-CRE

cotizatie s.f. due, fee; subscription;

levy
~ de inscriere - entrance fee
~ de membru - member fee
~ individuals - (platitd de fiecare
membru al unei asociatu) capitation
fee

cotor s.n. (contramarcd, talon, mated)

check, counterfoil, heel, stub
crah s.n. crash, bankruptcy, failure
~ bursier - stock exchange crash,
market crash
~ financiar - financial crash
crama s.f. wine cellar/vault, cellar
creanta s.f. debt, claim
~ cesionabila - assignable debt
~ contabila - book debt
~ garantata prin ipoteca - debt
secured by mortgage
~ inscrisa in registrul datoriei - debt
register claim
~ neprivilegiata/neprioritara ordinary debt
~ restanta - outstanding claim/debt
creante $i angajamente - claims and
liabilities
creare s.f. creation
~ a marcii - branding
~ de credite - (in economic) credit
creation
creator s. m. maker; creator
~ de piata - (bur.) market maker
credit s.n. 1. credit, loan 2. (coloand in
partea dreaptd a fiecdrui conf) (cont.)
credit (side) 3. (corn.) trust
~ acordat brokerului - (garantat prin
titluri de valoare) broker's loan
~ agricol - agricultural credit
~ bancar - bank credit
~ comercial - commercial/trade credit

CRE-CRE

~ cumparator - (acordat unui

cumpdrdtor strain de cdtre banca
exportatorului pentru mdrfurile
importate) buyer credit
~ de consum - {acordat pentru
cumpdrarea de bunuri de consum si
servicii} consumer credit
~ de exploatare - working capital
credit
~ de export - export credit
~ de investitii - investment credit
~ de refinantare - refinancing credit
~ de scont - discount credit
~ documentar - documentary credit
~ extern - foreign credit
~ fara garantie - (fdrd documente
insotitoare pentru o cambie trasd
asupra unei band) clean credit
~ furnizor {acordat cumpdrdtorului
de cdtre furnizor) supplier's credit
~ garantat - (prin remiterea de gajuri)
secured credit
~ garantat cu active - asset-backed
loan
~ ieftin/avantajos - (cu dobdndd
scazuta) easy/cheap money
~ imobiliar - credit on real estate
~ international - international credit
~ intern - domestic credit
~ ipotecar - mortgage credit, credit on
mortgage; (acordat pentru cumpdrarea
sau constructia de locuinte) building
loan
~ ipotecar cu rambursare integrals
la scadenta - straight-term mortgage
loan
~ ipotecar cu rambursari in sume
fixe - level payment mortgage
~ irevocabil confirmat - confirmed
irrevocable credit

111

~ in alb (acordat far a nici o

garantie) unsecured credit
~ in aval - (obtinut de o societatemamd de la propriile filiale)
downstream loan
~ in cont curent - (care poate fi
utilizat prin retrageri succesive pdnd la
o limitd convenita) overdraft; (SUA)
current account credit
~ lombard - (credit pe termen scurf
acordat prin gajarea unor titluri
financiare usor de transformat in
numerar) lombard credit
~ marginal - (imprumut oferit de o
banca pe baza valorii actiunilor

detinute de solicitant) marginal lending

~ mixt - (credit de export acordat in
comun de o banca comerciald si de
stat) mixed credit
~ mobiliar - credit on personal
property
~ multivalutar - (utilizabil, la alegere,
in mat multe volute) multicurrency loan
~ nelimitat - unlimited credit
~ neperformant - bad/nonperforming
loan
~ pe termen lung - long-term credit
~ pe termen mediu - medium-term
credit
~ pe termen scurt - short-term credit
~ pentru activitatea curenta business loan
~ pentru plata marfurilor achizitionate - produce advance/loan
~ personal - (reputafia unei persoane,
care ii permite sd obtind mdrfuri pe
credit) personal credit
~ preferential - (cu termeni favorabili
de rambursare) soft loan
~ prin acceptare (credit pe termen
scurt prin care banca autorizeazd

112

clientui sd tragd asupra acesteia cambii

pdnd la concurenta limitei fixate}
acceptance credit ~ prin cont descoperit bank overdraft
~ public - public credit ~ - punte/de
legatura - (imprumut pe termen scurt
pentru asigurarea unei finantdri temporare
pdnd cdnd se obtine un imprumut
permanent) bridge credit
~ rambursabil in rate - installment credit
~ reciproc negarantat - swing credit ~
reinnoit automat - revolving credit ~
scump - (cu dobdnzi ridicate) dear money
~ sezonier - seasonal loan ~ sindicalizat (ofertd de fonduri fdcutd de mai multe
band pentru a sustine un credit mare)
syndicated/ participation loan
~ stand-by - (lime de credit pusd la
dispozitia unei tdri - sau a Bdncii
Nafionale - care se confruntd cu dificultdti
temporare ale balantei de plati) stand-by
credit ~ transferabil - transferable credit a
avea ~ la cineva - to have credit with smb.
a avea ~ pe piata - to be a sound man a
cumpara pe ~ - to buy on trust a deschide
cuiva un ~ - to open a credit/an account
with smb. a lua cu ~ - to take on credit a
trece in creditui cuiva - to carry to smb.'s
credit creditav.?. to credit
~ excesiv - (despre o banca) to overlend

CRE-CRE

creditor adj. credit... s.m. 1. creditor,

lender, loaner; (beneficiar al unui drept
de retentie) lienor 2. (cont.') accounts
payable
~ comercial - trade creditor
~ cu garantie - secured creditor
~ fara garantie/general/chirografar unsecured creditor
~ gajist - pledgee
~ garantat prin obligatiuni - bond
creditor
~ general - (fdrd drepturi
preferentiale) general/ordinary/junior
creditor
~ insistent - dun
~ ipotecar - mortgagee, mortgage
creditor, encumbrancer
~ in favoarea caruia s-a dat o
sentinta executorie - execution
creditor
~ in ultima instanta - (rol jucat de
banca centrald a unei tdri) lender of
the last resort
~ preferential/privilegiat - (ale cdrui
creante sunt rambursate prioritar in
caz de falimenf) preferential/privileged
creditor
~ prin hotarare judecatoreasca judgement creditor
creditori ai unui falit - creditors under
commission of bankruptcy
crescator s.m. (de vite, animate
domestice) breeder
~ de vite - cattle breeder, stockman,
stockbreeder
creste v.t. 1. to increase; (preturi) to
advance 2. (animate) to breed, to rear,
to raise; (plante) to grow, to cultivate,
to raise v.;. to increase, to escalate;
(despre preturi) to advance, to rise, to go
up; (puternic; despre preturi) to

CRE-CRO

soar; (despre cursuri bursiere) to trade up;

(a se acumula, in special despre dobandd)
to accrue; (a se amplified, in special despre
decalaje) to widen cretere s.f. increase,
increment;
growth; (a prefurilor) advance, rise,
boost; upturn, upswing; (acumulare,
mdrirea valorii unui activ prin crestere
naturald) accretion; (continud) (cont.)
accrual
~ a animalelor - animal
breeding/husbandry
~ a cererii pe piata - increase in
demand
~ a productivitatii - (mijioacelor de
productie prin cumpdrarea de utilaje
performante, fdrd a urmdri mdrirea
capacitdtii de productie) capital
deepening
~ a productiei - expansion of
production
~ a riscului - (asig.) increase of the
risk
~ a valorii de piata a unei investitii capital appreciation
~ a vitelor - cattle breeding
~ de capital - (a capitalului social)
capital increase
~ economica - economic growth
~ economica consolidata consolidated economic growth
~ economica durabila - sustainable
economic growth
~ economics zero - (situatie in care
rezultatele economice agregate si
populatia unei tan sporesc simultan,
nivelul pe locuitor al indicatorilor
sintetici macroeconomici rdmanand
constant) zero economic growth
~ excesiva a obligatiilor - overgrowth
of liabilities

113

~ neinflationista durabila sustainable noninflationary growth

~ periodica - periodical increment
~ procentuala - percentage growth
~ spontana a valorii - (funciare,
imobiliare nedatoratd imbundtdtirilor)
unearned increment
~ stabilizata a cursului venitului
nominal - steady state growth path of
nominal income
~ temporara - (a preturilor) boomlet
a fi in ~ - to be on the increase
a incerca sa provoace o ~ - (a
cursului) {bur.) to bull
criza s.f. crisis; (depresiune)
depression; (a afacerilor) stagnation; (a
pietei) stringency
~ de lichiditati - money pressure/
scarcity
~ de supraproductie - overproduction
crisis
~ economics - economic crisis
~ financiara - financial crisis
~ petroliera - petroleum crisis
~ structurala - structural crisis
a fi in ~ financiara - to come down
croaziera s.f. cruise
~ in jurul lumii - global/world cruise
cronometror s.m. (salariat insdrcinat
cu cronometrarea operatiilor industriale) time clerk
caprep. 1. with 2. (bur.) cum
~ cu alt proprietar - under new
ownership
~ avarie - (asig. mar.) with average
~ avarie particulars - (asig. mar.)
with particular average
~ aviz - under advice
~ barare generala - (despre cec)
cheque crossed generally

114

~ barare speciala - (despre cec)

cheque crossed specially
~ capitalizare - (bur.) cum
capitalization
~ cu bucata - (by) piecemeal, by the
piece, piece by piece
~ clauze - claused
~ coloane - columnar
~ conditia ca nava sa fie disponibila (clauza de navlosire) (mar.) subject
open
~ conditia sosirii sigure - (clauza de
navlosire) (mar.) subject to safe arrival
~ contract - under deed
~ cupon - (bur.) cum coupon
~ data de - under the date of
~ destinatia - (mar.) bound for
~ distribuire - (de dividende etc.) cum
distribution
~ dividend - cum dividend; (SUA)
dividend on
~ dobanda - cum interest
~ drepturi - (preferentiale la o noud
emisiune de actiuni) cum new/rights
~ foi libere/detasabile - (despre
calendare, registre etc.) loose-leaf
~ tncepere de la data - as from
~ lichidare la mijiocul lunii - (bur.)
per medio

~ lichidare la sfarsitui lunii - (bur.)

per ultimo
~ livrare din antrepozit vamal bonded terms
~ livrare in docuri - delivered docks
~ personal insuficient - understaffed
~ plata taxelor de transport la
livrare/destinatie - carriage forward
~ protest - (despre o plata) (dr.) under
protest
~ ramburs - collection on delivery
~ raspundere limitata - limited

CRO-CUL

~ raspundere limitata si capital

redus - limited and reduced
~ rise - (asig.) at risk
~ taxa zero - (in sistemul TVA) zero-rated
~ taxele vamale achitate - duty-paid
~ taxele vamale neachitate - duty-unpaid
~ tendinta de crestere - (despre piata
bursiera) bullish
~ tendinta de scadere - (despre piata
bursiera) bearish
~ testament - under will
~ titlu de imprumut - as loan
~ titlu oneros - for value
~ toate beneficiile - (bur.) cum all
~ transportui platit - (pdnd la punctui
de livrare) carriage paid
~ transportui platit pana la
domiciliul beneficiarului - carriage
paid home
~ ziua - by the day
cuantums.n. quantum
~ al despagubirii - measure of
damages/indemnity
~ al impozitelor locale - ratal
cultiva v.t. 1. (pdmdntui) to cultivate,
to farm, to till; (in special cereale) to
crop, to raise; to grow 2. (ca dijmas) to
sharecrop
cultivare s.f. cultivation, farming
~ a terenurilor fara irigatii - dry
farming
cultivator s. m. grower, farmer
cultura s.f. 1. culture 2. (agricola)
culture, crop
~ alternativa/intercalata - catchcrop
~ mixta - mixed cropping
~ organizationala/a corporatiei (man.) corporate culture
culturi cerealiere - cereal crops

CUL-CUM

~ furajere - forage crops

~ tehnice/industriale - technical/
industrial crops
cumpara v.t. 1. to buy, to purchase 2.
(actiuni ale unei societati) to buy into;
(toate actiunile unei societati) to buy
out; (actiuni ale unei societati,
incercdnd sa preia controlul acesteia)

to buy up
~ angro - to buy wholesale
~ avantajos/ieftin - to buy cheap/low
~ cu amanuntui - to buy retail
~ cu facilitati de plata - to buy on
easy terms
~ cu plata in numerar - to buy for
cash
~ in cantitati excedentare/prea man
- to overbuy
~ in cantitati mari to buy in bulk
~ in plus fata de capacitatea de a
oferi actiuni suplimentare in anumite
situatii - (bur.) to overbuy
~ in rate - to buy on the hire-purchase
system/on the instal(l)ment plan
~ intr-un moment de scadere - (a
preturilor, a cursului) to buy on a fall
~ la licitatie - to buy by auction
~ la termen - to buy for future
delivery
cumparare s.f. buying, purchasing,
purchase
~ a la hausse - (bur.) buying long
~ a pachetului majoritar de actiuni
ale unei firme de catre salariatii
acesteia - employee buyout
~ a unei societati - buyout
- angro/cu ridicata - wholesale
purchase
~ cu amanuntui - retail purchase
~ cu plata in numerar - cash
purchase, purchase for cash

115

~ de actiuni pe o piata in crestere (bur.) averaging up ~ de actiuni pe o piata

in scadere (bur.) averaging down ~ de actiuni pe o
piata in scadere (dacd scdderea atinge un anumit nivel)
(bur.) averaging in
~ de articole de uz curent - high-repeat purchase
~ de proba - (cumpdrdtorul putdnd
restitui marfa) sale or return
~ de produse rezultate - (acord de
barter prin care exportatorul unor utilaje acceptd contravaloarea acestora
in bunuri produse cu instalatiile
respective) buyback
~ de spatiu in mediile publicitare media buying
~ fara intermediari - (direct de la
producdtor sau importator) buying
round
~ fictiva (pentrii a crea impresia cd
anumite actiuni sunt foarte cdutate)

(bur.) (SUA) wash sale

~ in rate - hire purchase, instal(l)ment
buying
~ pe baza de catalog - catalogue
buying
~ pe baza de comision - purchase on
commission
~ pe credit - purchase on credit
~ sub impulsul momentului - impulse
buying
cumparari de sustinere - (a cursului)
(bur.) supporting purchases
~ speculative - speculative buying
comparator s.m. buyer, purchaser,
shopper; (dr.) vendee
~ eventual/potential - possible/
prospective buyer
~ ferm - firm buyer

116

~ important - heavy purchaser

~ impulsiv - impulse buyer
~ nenominalizat - (bur.) undisclosed
buyer
~ pe o piata - marketer
cumparatori fara vanzatori - (bur.)
buyers no sellers
cumparatura s.f. purchase; pi.
shopping
a face cumparaturi - to go shopping
cumul s.n. (de functii) holding more
than one office/appointment, plurality
of offices
cumula v.t. (functii) to hold a plurality
of offices
cumulativ adj. cumulative
cunoastere s.f. knowledge
~ a sarcinilor/specificului unui post job knowledge
cupiura s.f. (fin.) denomination unit
cupon s.n. 1. (atasat unui titlu de
valoare la purtdtor) (fin.) coupon 2.
(de stofd) remnant
~ de dividende - dividend warrant
~ de dobanda - interest warrant
~ de piata - payment coupon
~ valoric - (oferit in scop promotional
pentru obfinerea gratuitd sau cu
reducere de pret a unor produse)
money-off coupon, trading stamp
cuprins s.n. 1. (tabla. de materii)
summary 2. (al unui document) tenor
curat adj. (fara rezerve/mentiuni)
clean
curba s.f. curve
~ a acceptarii - (unui produs nou pe
piata) adoption curve
~ a cererii - demand curve
~ a consumului - consumption curve
~ a indiferentei - (grafic care
reprezintd diferite combinatii ale mai

CUM-CUR

multor mdrfuri cu calitdti identice si

care u oferd consumatorului satisfactie
egald) indifference curve
~ a ofertei - supply curve
~ a productiei - production curve
~ a randamentului - (graficul relatiei
dintre randamentele si maturitdtile
diferitelor emisiuni de titluri de
valoare) (fin.) yield curve
~ atipica a ofertei de munca - (grafic
care ilustreazd corelafiile dintre oferta
de munca. si salariul real) backward
bending labour supply curve
~ descendenta - downward curve
~ normala de randament - (referitor
la rata dobdnzii titlurilor de valoare)
normal yield curve
curent adj. 1. (despre an etc.) present,
current; (despre lund) (corn.) instant;
(zilnic) daily 2. (despre preturi) current;
(despre monedd) legal; (despre cheltuieli)
running curier s.m. courier, messenger;
errand/office boy
curs s.n. 1. (de apd) watercourse, river
course 2. (valutar/de schimb) rate of
exchange, exchange rate 3. (bur.)
quotation, price 4. (serie de lectii)
course
~ al actiunilor - share price
~ al cecului - (in tranzactiile cu
devize) cheque rate
~ al disponibilului/spot - (cursul la
care se efectueazd operafiunile la
vedere cu valuta) spot rate
~ al pietei - market price/rate
~ al titlurilor de valoare - security
price
~ al zilei - quotation of the day
~ central - central exchange rate

CUR-CUV

~ cu fluctuatie mare - {intre oferta de

vanzare si cea de cumpdrare) (bur.)
wide price
~ de cumparare - {bur.) bid/buying
price
~ de deschidere - (bur.) opening price
~ de emisiune - issue price
~ de interventie - (al bdncii centrale
pepiata valutard) intervention points
~ de inchidere - {bur.) closing price
~ de panica/foarte scazut - {bur.)
panic price
~ de schimb/valutar - rate of
exchange
~ de schimb dirijat - managed
exchange rate
~ de schimb fix - fixed exchange rate
~ de schimb fluctuant - floating
exchange rate
~ de schimb tncrucisat - {stabilirea
cursului dintre doud volute prin
raportare la o tertd moneda) cross rate
~ de schimb la termen - {cursul la
care se efectueazd operatiunile
valutare la termen) forward rate
~ de schimb oficial - official exchange
rate
~ de schimb real - real/fair exchange
rate

~ de schimb sustinut - {de guvern)

peg ~ de tranzactie - {bur.) trading price
~ de vanzare - {al valutei) selling rate
~ direct - {curs de schimb exprimat ca
raport intre moneda nafionald si una
strdind) direct quotation
~ la bursa neoficiala - kerb/street
price
~ la care brokerul s-a angajat sa
vanda {pentru a evita pierderi mai
mari) stop price

117

~ mediu - {bur., fin.) middle price/rate

~ neoiicial de schimb - unofficial rate
of exchange
~ nominal - nominal price
~ prin corespondenta correspondence course
~ serai - evening classes
cursuri de schimb cu fluctuatie
libera - freely floating exchange rates
~ de schimb multiple - multiple
exchange rates
cursa s.f. 1. {a unui vehicuf) drive,
ride; {a navei) (sea) voyage, course (of
a ship) 2. (parcurs) haul
~ lunga - {mar.) long course, deep-sea/distant trade, distant cruise
~ regulata - {mar.) trade
curtaj s.n. courtage, brokerage,
stockbroking
curte s.f. {dr.) court
~ de apel - court of appeal, appellate
court
~ de arbitraj - court of arbitration,
arbitration court
~ de casatie - court of cassation
~ de conturi - audit office
~ suprema - supreme court
curtier s.m. broker
custode^.m. custodian; caretaker
custodie s.f. custody
~ sigura - {serviciu bancar) safe
custody
cutie s.f. box, bin; {ladd) case; {de
conserve) tin, can
~ metalica pentru depozitarea de
valori - {la bancd) safe deposit box
cvasibani s.m. pi. quasi-money,
nearmoney
cvasicontract^.n. quasi-contract
cvasimonopol^.n. quasi-monopoly
cuvant^.n. word

118

cuvintele nu corespund cifrelor (formula pe un cec) words and figures

do not agree

CUV-CVO

cvorums.fi. quomm
a avea ~- to have a quorum
a constitui un ~ - to form a quorum

D
da v.t. 1. to give; {(imp, bani) to allow;
(a o/er;) to offer 2. (a acordd) to bestow/to
confer upon smb., to grant 3. (a inmdna) to
hand over 4. (mapoi) to give back, to return;
(ceva furat) to restore 5. (gratis) to give away
6. (o recolta) to yield 7. (cdrtile de joc) to deal
8. (o sentintd) to adjudicate, to award
- ajutor - to render assistance
~ chitanta - to receipt
~ faliment - to go bankrupt/into
liquidation
~ garantie - to give/to provide security
- in exploatare - to commission
- un acont to pay an account
- un aviz competent - to give an expert
opinion dactilografa s.f. typist
- de facturi - invoice typist
dactilografia v. t. to type
dactilografie s.f. typewriting
dana s.f. berth, mooring berth, berth
space
- de acostare - quay berth
' de antrepozitare - (pdna la plata
taxelor vamale) sufferance wharf
- de chei - quay berth
- de descarcare - discharging berth
~ de incarcare - loading berth
~ de minereu - ore berth
~ de pasageri - passenger berth/wharf
~ pentru petroliere - (oil) tanker berth
- pentru lepuri - lighter berth
-- plutitoare - landing stage, pier barge
pregatita - ready berth

~ sigura - (pentru operarea navel)

good/safe berth
dar s.n. present, gift
dara s.f. (taro) tare
dare s.f. giving
~ de seama - (cdtre un superior)
report; (statistics) (official) returns;
(protocol,) minutes; (relatare) account
(rendered), statement of accounts
data v.t., v.i. to date
data s.f. 1. (calendaristica) date 2.
(limita) term 3. (oara) time 4. (notiune
fundamentala, cantitate de informatie
prelucratd de calculator) datum; pi.
data
~ a intrarii in vigoare - effective date
~ a po$tei - date as postmark
~ a scadentei - date of maturity, due
date
~ contractuala - contract date
~ de acostare la dana - alongside date
~ de anulare/reziliere - (a contractului) cancelling date
~ de expediere - (a mdrfii) (mar.) date
of shipment
~ de facturare - date of invoice
~ -de incarcare - date of loading;
(mar.) stem/stemming date
~ de inregistrare - entry date
~ de livrare - date of delivery,
delivery date
'- de plata - date of payment
~ de plecare (a navei in cursa) date
of departure/sailing, sailing date
~ de sosire - (a navei) date of arrival
~ - limita - term day

120

~ probabila de descarcare - expected

discharging date
date compuse - (care grupeazd informatii din mai multe sectoare, domenii)

composites
~ la dispozitia conducerii - (sub
forma diverselor rate si raporturi)
management ratio
~ oficiale - official data
~ statistice - statistical data
~ tabulare - tabular data
dator adj. 1. indebted (to), owing
money, (involved) in debt 2. (angajat
fafd de) under an obligation (to),
obliged (to)
a fi ~ - to be in debt
datora v.t. to owe

datorat adj. owed; owing, due

datorie s.f. 1. debt; indebtedness;
(arierate, datorii restante) arrears 2.
(obligafie) obligation, liability 3.
(ipoteca) encumbrance
~ consolidata - (datorie pe termen
lung a unei tdri sau a unei alte comunitdti publice sub forma imprumutu-

rilor pe termen lung) consolidated/

funded/permanent debt
~ cu termenul expirat - stale debt
~ curenta - current debt
~ de onoare - debt of honour,
honorary debt
~ exigibila
outstanding debt
~ extern a - external debt
~ flotanta - (datorie pe claimable/due/
termen lung a
unei tdri sau a unei alte comunitdti
publice sub forma de credite bancare,
bilete la ordin sau bonuri de tezaur cu
scadente foarte apropiate} floating debt
~ inexigibila - unclaimable/undue debt

DAT-DAT

~ insolvabila - (confirmatd prin hotdrare

judecdtoreascd) judgement debt
~ ipotecara - mortgage debt ~
neconsolidata - unconsolidated/ unfunded
debt
~ nelichidata - unliquidated debt ~
neperformanta
bad
debt
~
nerecuperabila - irrecoverable debt ~
nesigura - doubtful debt ~ neta - net debt
'- piramidala - (contractarea de datorii
succesive pentru rambursarea datoriilor
anterioare)
pyramid
debt
~
preferentiala/privilegiata
(pidtitd
integral, in caz de faliment, maintea altor
datorii') preferential/privileged/ senior debt
~ prescrisa - statute - barred debt ~
publica - public debt ~ publica externa external public debt
~ publica interna - internal public debt
~
publica
neproductiva
(componentd a datoriei publice cauzatd
mai ales de cheltuielile neproductive legate
de rdzboi) deadweight debt ~ publica
productiva/reproductiva
-(imprumut
investit de stat in active productive)
living/productive/ reproductive debt
~ restanta - outstanding debt ~ secundara
(datorie care se achitd numai dupd ce
au fost acoperite obligatiile fata de
detindtorii de actiuni preferentiale)
subordinate debt ~ veche - debt of old
standing, old--standing debt
datorii acumulate/restante - backlog of
debts

DAT-DEA

~ de razboi - war debts

~ externe - (datorii ale unei societdti
cdtre institutii sau persoane fizice,
altele decaf actionarii ei) external

liabilities
~ sigure - (care vorfi sigur achitate)

good debts
a face ~ - to run into debt, to incur
debts
a fi inglodat in ~ - to be over head and
ears in debt
a nu mai avea ~ - to be out of debt
a se achita de ~ - to get out of debt
datornics.m. debtor

dauna s.f. 1. (paguba) damage;

(pierdere) loss; {prejudicing prejudice,
harm 2. (dr.) tort 3. (despdgubire)
indemnification,
compensation;
pi.
(despdgubiri
bdnesti)
damages
~
corporala - damage to persons ~
delictuala - malicious damage ~ materiala
- damage to property ~ pretinsa - alleged
damage ~ prin aruncarea peste bord - (a
bunurilor navel) (mar.) damage by jettison
~ prin frecarea marfurilor - (in timpul
transportuhii) chafe ~ prin incendiu damage by fire ~ prin manipulare damage by handling
~ produsa/ocazionata - damage done/
incurred
daune cauzate de circulatie i accidente traffic and accident loss ~ compensatory compensatory damages
~ contractuale - penalty for nonperformance of contract, liquidated
damages

121

~ evaluate subiectiv - (asig.)

sentimental damages
~ exemplare/agravate/punitive - (dr.)
exemplary damages
~ generale - general/ordinary damages ~
indirecte - (oferte drept compensate
pentru nerespectarea obligatiilor contractuale)
indirect/consequential
damages
~ -interese - recovery of damages,
damages
~ morale - moral prejudice ~
necontractuale - (stabiHte de instanta)
damages at large, unliquidated
damages
~ neinsemnate/nule - (stabilite de
instanta) contemptuous damages ~
nominale/minore - nominal damages
~ partiale (prin risipirea, deterio-rarea
mdrfii) pickings ~ probabile - prospective
damages a acorda ~ - to award damages a
actiona in judecata pentru a obtine ~ - to
sue for damages a obtine ~ - to recover
damages deprep. 1. of 2. with, for, through
~ -a lungul bordului navei - (referitor la
predarea sau primirea mdrfii) alongside
ship ~ la data - after date ~ ocazie second-hand ~ proba - on sale or return ~
serviciu - on duty ~ vanzare - on sale,
under offer dealer s. m. dealer ~ autorizat
- authorized dealer ~ de titluri de valoare
- dealer in securities deasviprsi prep. above

122

~ liniei - (termen contabil care se referd la

anumite articole din contui de profit si pierderi
si care apar deasupra liniei profitului net in
declaratia de profit si pierderi; parte a
bugetului de marketing pe care compania o
cheltu-ieste pentru a-si face publicitate in mass
media) above the line
debarca v.t. (mdrfuri) to unload, to discharge,
to unship; (pasageri) to land, to disembark, to
set/to put ashore;
(pasageri din autobuz) to set down
debarcader s.n. landing stage/pier/
place, wharf
debit s.n. 1. (datorie) debit 2. (coloana
din partea stangd a nnui cont, in care
se inregistreaza elementele si sporurile
de activ, respectiv reducerile de pasiv)
{cont.) debit side, red 3. (vdnzare cu
amanuntui) sale by retail 4. (tutungerie) tobacco shop, tobacconist's; (de
ziare) news stall/stand 5. (de curs de
apd) flow, discharge
debita v.t. 1. (a inscrie o sumd in
debitui unui cont) to charge smth. to
smb.'s account, to debit smb. with 2. (a
vinde cu amanuntui) to retail, to sell by
retail
debitor adj. debit... s.m. debtor;
(declarat de instantd) judgement
debtor; (supus unui drept de retentie)
lienee
~ care fuge de creditori - (pentru a se
eschiva de la plata datoriilor) fly-by-night
~ executat - (cdruia i se aplicd un
sechestru) distrainee
~ gajist - pledger, pledger
~ insolvabil - insolvent debtor
~ ipotecar - mortgage debtor,
mortgager, mortgagor

DEA-D; :

~ in incapacitate de plata - debtor -default

~ principal - principal/chief/primadebtor
~ rau platnic - bad debtor
~ solvabil - solvent debtor
debitori diverse - sundry debtors
a fi debitor - to be in the red
debloca v.t. (fonduri) to unfreeze. :;
release
deblocare s.f. (eliberare) releas,:
unfreezing
~ de fonduri - release of funds
debueu s.n. (corn.) market, outle'opening
~ pe piata vanzarilor cu amanuntui retail outlet
~ potential - potential market/outlet
a gasi un ~ - to find a market
decalaj s.n. gap, time lag
~ de randament - (diferenta dintr:
randamentui mediu al actiunili:'
comune si eel al titlurilor de valoare :.-.
prima clasa) {bur.) yield gap
~ deflationist - deflationary gap
~ economic - economic gap
~ tehnologic - technological gap
decadea v.i. (din drepturi) (dr.) i;
lapse
decadere s.f. (din drepturi) (dr
incapacity, lapse
decerna v.t. (un premiii) to award (to;.
(un titlu) to confer (on)
decimal adj. decimal
decizie s.f. 1. decision, resolutior2. (dr.} judgement, sentence, award; !jiiratilor) verdict given/returned by the
jury
~ arbitrala/de arbitraj - (a unu.
tribunal de arbitraj) (arbitration) award
~ colectiva - group decision

DEC-DEC

~ de inculpare/punere sub acuzatie (luatd de curtea cujuri) true bill

~ de sistare temporara a tranzactionarii actiunilor unei societati (bur., dr.) distringas
~ definitiva - ultimate decision
~ economica - economic decision
~ economica strategica - strategic
economic decision
~ economica tactica - tactic economic
decision
~ irevocabila - decision beyond/past
recall
declara v.t. to declare; (in vama) to
enter; (venitui) to return
~ avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) to
declare general average
~ nul si neavenit - to declare null and
void, to invalidate, to annul
~ recurs - to appeal
declarant s. m. declarant
~ vamal - custom-house/customs
broker
declarare s.f. declaration
~ a avariei comune - (asig. mar.)
declaration of general average
~ a marfurilor in vama - entry of
goods
~ in stare de faliment - adjudication
of bankruptcy
declaratie s.f. 1. declaration; statement
2. (scrisd, subjurdmdnt) (dr.) affidavit
~ a carausului - (privind starea
mdrfii) carrier's statement
~ asupra valorii marfii in tara de
origine - home value declaration
~
autentificata
(dr.)
acknowledg(e)ment
~ consulara - consular declaration
~ de abandon - (mar.) notice of
abandonment

123

~ de bagaje - (la vama) baggage

declaration/sufferance
~ de export a incarcatorului shipper's export declaration
~ de faliment - declaration of
bankruptcy
~ de impunere/venituri - return of
income, tax return, earnings statement
~ de solvabilitate - declaration of
solvency
~ de valoare - declaration of value
~ falsa - misrepresentation
~ pentru achitarea taxelor vamale duty-paid entry
~ pentru marfuri scutite de taxe
vamale - free entry
~ vamala - entry, declaration of duty,
customs declaration
~ vamala a echipajului - (mar.)
crew's customs declaration
~ vamala asupra continutului declaration of the contents
~ vamala de antrepozitare - entry for
warehousing
~ vamala de iesire/plecare - (mar.)
outwards entry, entry outwards
~ vamala de intrare/sosire - (mar.)
inwards entry, entry inwards, bill of
entry
~ vamala de import - import entry
vamala de transbord transshipment entry ~ vamala de tranzit transit entry - vamala finala - final/closing
declaration
~ vamala initiala - prime entry ~ vamala
preliminara - imperfect/ preliminary/sight
entry, captain's (imperfect) entry
~ vamala provizorie - bill of sight ~
vamala suplinientara - postentry

124

declin s.n. (al activitdtii economice, al

productiei etc.) decline decont s.n.
deduction, discount from a sum paid sau to
be paid ~ de cheltuieli - defraying of
expenses, reimbursement decontav.f. to
settle decontare s.f. settlement ~ bancara banking settlement ~ frauduloasa fraudulent settlement ~ prin acreditiv settlement by letter of credit
~ prin virament - settlement by transfer
decorator s. m. decorator ~ de vitrine window dresser decret s.n. decree; charter;
(legiferare) enactment
~ -lege - decree law, executive order
decreta v.t. to decree; to charter; (a
legifera) to enact
decupla v.t. (o instalatie) to shut down
decuplare s.f. (a unei instalatii) shutdown
decuplat adj. out-of-work decurge v.i.
(despre un contract) to run on
deduce v.t. to deduct deducere s.f.
deduction ~ a dobanzii - interest deduction
~ a tarei - tare allowance defaica v.t. 1.
(dintr-un intreg) to deduct 2. (a analiza, a
impdrti in pdrfile componente) to break
down defalcare s.f. 1. {dintr-un intreg)
deduction 2. (analizare, impdrtire in pdrtile
componente) breakdown ~ a
componentelor postului - job breakdown
~ forfetara - standard deduction

DEC-DEF

defect s.n. defect; fault; (neajuns)

drawback, shortcoming adj. out-of-order, defective; out-of-repair, in
disrepair
~ ascuns - latent defect
~ de fabricatie - fault of fabrication
defectoscop s.n. fault detector/finder/
locator, flaw detector
defectoscopie s.f. fault detection
defectuos adj. faulty, defective,
deficient; imperfect adv. faultily,
defectively
defectiune s.f. failure, breakdown
deficienta s.f. deficiency
deficit s.n. 1. deficit; shortage, shortfall
2. (la cantor) shortness of) weight
~ al balantei comerciale - balance of
trade deficit, external deficit
~ al balantei de plati - balance of
payments deficit
~ bugetar - budget deficit
~ de rezerve - (rezervele unei band
care scad sub nivelul cerut de lege)
deficient reserves, reserve deficiency
~ de tonaj - (mar.) shipping deficit
deficite gemene - (fin.) twin deficits
a acoperi un deficit - to cover/to make
good/to supply a deficit
a fi in ~ - to have a deficit, to be in the
red
deficitar adj. short; (despre buget)
adverse; (despre mdrfuri) scarce;
(despre un an agricol) lean
a fi ~ - to be in short supply
definire s.f. defining; definition
~ a obiectivelor - (man.) goal
definition
deflator s. m. (fin.) deflator
deflatie s.f. (fin.) deflation, disinflation
deflationist adj. deflationary.
disinflationary

DEF-DEP

defrauda v.t. to defraud, to embezzle,

to defalcate, to peculate
defraudator s.m. defrauder,
embezzler, defaulter, peculator
defria v.t. (yn teren) to clear, to grub,
to reclaim; (opddure) to clear
defrisare s.f. (a unui teren) clearing,
grubbing, reclamation; (a unei pdduri)
clearing
degrada v.r. (despre calitate) to go
down
degresiv adj. degressive
degreva v.t. (de obligatu, datorii) to
relieve, to remit; (de sarcini ipotecare,
de gaj) to disencumber
degrevare s.f. (de obligatu, datorii)
relief, remission; (de sarcini ipotecare,
de gaj) disencumbrance
~ de dubia impunere - (evitarea platii
unui impozit pentru acelasi venit in
doud tdri) double taxation relief
delapida v.t. to embezzle, to defalcate,
to defraud, to peculate
delapidare s.f. embezzlement,
defalcation, peculation
delapidator s.m. embezzler, defalcator,
defrauder, peculator
delcredere s.n. (corn.) del credere
delega v.t. to delegate, to depute
delegat s.m. delegate; (imputernicit)
mandatory; (loctiitor) deputy;
(reprezentant) representative delegatie s.f.
1. (mandat) commission, authorization,
mandate, delegation;
(misiune) mission 2. (grup) delegation
3. (document) certificate
~ de autoritate - devolution of
authority
~ economics - trade mission
delict s.n. offence, delinquency,
misdemeanour; (financiar) delinquency

125

demisie s.f. resignation

a-i da/a-i inainta demisia - to resign,
to send in/to hand in/to tender one's
resignation
demisiona v.i. to resign, to quit, to
send in/to hand in/to tender one's
resignation
demisionar adj. resigning; vacating;
(despre tin cabinet guvernamental)
outgoing 5. m. resigner
demite v.t. to dismiss, to remove, to
discharge (from function/office)
demitere s.f. dismissal
~ nejustificata/injusta - wrongful
dismissal
democratiza v.t. to democratize
democratic s.f. democracy
~ industrials - (participarea muncitorilor la luarea deciziilor in intreprinderea unde lucreazd) industrial
democracy
demonetiza v.t. (a retrage din
circulatie o bancnotd, o monedd) to
demonetize v.r. (a se devalorizd) to
devaluate
demonetizare s.f. 1. (retragere din
circulatie a unei bancnote, a unei monede) demonetization 2. (devalorizare)
devaluation
densitate s.f. density
~ de stivuire - tightness
~ in gramada - bulk weight
denumi v.t. to name, to denominate
denumire s.f. name, denomination
~ a firmei - firm/trade name
~ a marcii - brand name
~ a marfii - denomination of the goods
~ a postului -job title
~ inregistrata - (a firmei) registered
name
depanav.f. to repair

DEP-DEP

depanare s.f. 1. repair 2. (serviciu)

emergency repairs, breakdown service
depanator s.m. breakdown mechanic
departament.s.n. department
~ autonom (imitate in interiorul unei
organizatii care este responsabild de
propriul sdu profit) (man.) profit centre
~ central/de coordonare - staff
department
~ de control - (unitatea centrald a
unei band care verified toate tranzactiile efectuate) proof department

departamental adj. departmental

depai v.t. to exceed; (o suma, o cifrd)
to top; (concedinl, o perioadd de timp)
to overstay; (contui in bancd) to

overdraw
dependents s.f. dependence
~ de resurse - (asistentd financiard,
furnizare de materii prime etc.) (man.)

resource dependence
deponent s.m. 1. (de mdrfuri pe baza
de contract) bailor 2. (care constitute
un depozit bancar) depositor
~ pentru avaria comuna - (asig.
mar.) general average depositor
deport s.n. (bur.) backwardation
deposeda v.t. (de) to dispossess (of);
(ilegal) to disseise (of)
deposedare s.f dispossession; (ilegald)
disseisin
depou s.n. depot
~ de locomotive - roundhouse
~ de tramvaie - tramway shed
depozit s.n. 1. warehouse, storehouse,
storage yard, depot, repository; (de
tranzit) entrepot 2. (bancar) (bank)
deposit 3. (dr.) (sumd de bani depusd
pentru plata unei datorii) tender; (de
bunuri in garantie) bailment

~ al expeditorului de marfu ^ (mar.) consignor/shipping depot

~ angro - wholesale warehouse
~ bancar - bank deposit
~ cu preaviz/avizarea retragerii deposit at notice
~ de cherestea - timber yard; (SUA
lumberyard
~ de marfa - warehouse
~ de materiale - supply depot
~ de minereuri - ore yard
~ de tranzit - entrepot warehouse
~ descoperit/in aer liber - open depo:
~ m valuta - foreign deposit
~ la cerere - deposit at call, demanc.
call deposit
~ la import - (forma de restrictie importurilor prin care importator^
este obligat sd 'depund temporar .banca centrald un procent din valoareimportului) import deposit
~ la termen - time/term deposit
~ la vedere - sight deposit
~ pe chei - quay warehouse
~ pe termen lung - deposit at loot
notice
~ pe termen scurt - deposit at she
notice
~ pentru containere de schimb container stock holding depot
j
~ plutitor - storage vessel, floatMBi
storage/warehouse
~ portuar - dock storage, qc
warehouse
depozite ale bancilor comerciale -i
banca centrald) bankers' deposits
~ bancare prealabile - (cerute ;
importator ca forma, a barter comerciale
nontarifare) prior deposiBfc| ~
interbancare - (fonduri depuse bancd de
alte band) interbank depc

DEP-DEP

depozita v.t. 1. to deposit, to store, to

stock, to warehouse; (in antrepozite
vamale) to bond 2. (acte, valori pentru
pdstrare) to lodge
~ marfuri pe chei - to wharf
depozitar s.m. 1. (consignatar)
depositary, bailee 2. (agent imobiUar
sau impiiternicit care define banii
cumpdrdtoruliii unei proprietdti pentru
a-i transmite vdnzdtorului) stakeholder
depozitare s.f. storage, storing,
warehousing
~ de lunga durata - long-term storage
~ de marfuri paletizate - palletized
storage
~ externa/pe termen - (metodd de
finantare a stocurilor prin care acestea
sunt depozitate la sedhd firmei
creditoare) (fin.) field warehousing
~ in aer liber - outside/outdoor storage
~ in compartimente frigorifice freezer storage
~ in containere - container storage
~ in stoc - (de mar/a, materii prime)
buying forward, forward buying
~ in tranzit - transit storage
~ in vrac - bulk storage
~ pe chei - wharfage
~ temporara - temporary storage
depozitat adj. deposited, stored; (in
antrepozite vamale) bonded, in-bond
depozitie s.f. (dr.) deposition,
testimony, evidence; (sub jurdmdnt)
affidavit
deprecia v.t. (a subevalud) to
undervalue, to disvalue, to underrate
v.t., v.r. (a devaloriza) to depreciate, to
devaluate, to devalue, to recede;
(moneda prin aliere etc.) to debase;
(timbre) to deface, to cancel

127

depreciere s.f. (subevah-iare) undervaluation,

underrating;
(devalorizare)
depreciation,
devaluation; (monetard prin aliere etc.)
debasement; (a tim-brelor) defacement
~ monetara - currency/monetary depreciation
depresiune s.f. depression ~ economica economic depression/ slump
~ economica cu inflatie - slumpflation
depunator^.w. depositor depune v.t. 1. (bani in
banca) to deposit, to bank, to consign 2. (o
declaratie vamala) to enter; (o plangere, un
protest) to lodge, to enter; (o cerere) to hand in,
to file 3. (jiirdmdntid; despre functionari) to be
sworn in 4. (mar/a in garantie) to bail
~ bani la banca - to put/to deposit money in
the bank, to lodge money at the bank
~ declaratie vamala de intrare - to enter
inwards
~ declaratie vamala de plecare - to enter
outwards
~ garantie - to give a bail/guarantee, to deposit
a guarantee
~ marturie - to give evidence, to testify
depunere s.f. 1. (de bani in banca) deposit;
consignment 2. (a unei decla-ratii vamale)
entering; (a unei plangeri, a unui protest)
lodging, entering 3. (de marfd in garantie)
bailment ~ cu preaviz/avizarea retragerii deposit at notice, notice deposit ~ la cerere deposit at call, demand/ call deposit ~ la
vedere - sight deposit

128

dereglementare s.f. (eliminare a reglementdrilor) deregulation derelict

s.n.
(navd abandonatd) derelict
derivat s.n. (produs secundar/auxiliar)
by(e)-product
derula v.t. 1. (o hartd, un document etc.) to
unroll, to spread out; (un cabin) to unwind,
to unreel, to uncoil 2. (un contract, o
afacere) to carry on descalifica v.t. (a lipsi
de calitatea/ dreptui de) (dr.) to disqualify
descalificare s.f. (pierdere de drepturi
civile si politico) (dr.) disqualification
descarca v.t. 1. (o navd etc.) to discharge,
to disembark, to unload; to unship, to land
2. (a bascula, a rdsturna) to dump; 3. (a
exonera) to exonerate; (a absolvi, a achita)
to absolve, to discharge; (a plati, lichida o
datorie) to discharge
~ cu nava in stare de plutire - to
discharge afloat
descarcare s.f. 1. (a unei nave etc.)
discharge, discharging, disembarkation,
unloading;
unshipment,
landing
2.
(basculare) dumping 3. (exonerare)
exoneration;
(absolvire,
achitare)
discharge
~ de marfa in minus - short landing of
cargo
~ de pe nava pe chei - ship-to-shore
discharge
~ in contui armatorului - gross terms
discharge
~ in plus - (fafd de cantitatea din
documente) overlanding ~ in port - port
discharge ~ in rada - offshore discharge/
discharging/unloading

DEP-DES

~ in stare de plutire - (a navL^ discharge

afloat, afloat discharge ~ partiala - partial
unloading ~ peste bord - overboard
discharge descarcat adj. discharged,
unloaded;
unshipped, landed
~ in minus - (fata de documente)
short-landed
descarcator s.m. discharger, unloader;
(docher) docker, stevedore
descentraliza v.t. to decentralize
deschidere s.f. opening
~ catre public - (transformarea unei
companii particulare/inchise intr-una

publicd/deschisd) going public

~ de incarcare - (guri de magazie,
saborduri in bordaj) (mar.) loading
aperture/opening
~ de tonaj - (la navele cu punte de

protectie) tonnage opening

descoperi v.t. (un zdcdmdnt) to strike
descoperire s.f. (a unui zdcdmdnt)
strike
descoperit adj. 1. (in cont, credit prin
cont descoperit in situatia in care titularul a efectuat prelevdri superioare
activelor existente sau limitei de credit
acordat) overdraft 2. (lipsd de titluri in
portofoliu) uncovered position
~ in cont fara garantie - unsecured
overdraft
descriere s.f. description
~ a brevetului - patent specification
~ a postului - (man.) job description
~ a sarcinilor de serviciu ale unui
director sau ale unui specialist management job description
~ comerciala - (a mdrfurilor oferite
spre vdnzare) trade description
~ corecta/exacta - (a unui produs
intr-o reclamd) accurate description

DES-DES

desemna v.t. to designate; (intr-un

post, ofunctie) to appoint, to nominate
desemnare s.f. designation; (intr-un
post, o functie) appointment,
nomination
deservi v.t. 1. (populatia) to serve 2.
(un utilaj, o instalatie) to service, to
handle
deservire s.f. 1. service 2. (a unui
utilaj, a unei instalatii) service,
handling
~ a unui port de catre caile ferate railway service to a port
desface v.t. \. {un contract) to cancel,
to annul, to void, to undo; (un contract
de munca) to sever 2. (a vinde) to sell,
to market
desfacere s.f. 1. (a unui contract)
cancellation, annulment, undoing; (a
unui contract de munca) severance 2.
(yanzare) sale
desfacut adj. (neambalat; despre unele
mdrfurf) loose
desfasura v.t. 1. (a etala) to display, to
show 2. (o activitate) to carry on, to
unfold
desfasurator s.n. (cont.) spreadsheet
desfiinta v.t. 1. to abolish, to suppress;
(a anula) to cancel, to annul; (a abroga) to
abrogate, to repeal, to rescind 2. (un cartel)
to
decartelize;
(o
corporate)
to
disincorporate desfiintare
s.f.
1.
abolishment,
suppression;
(anulare)
cancellation, annulment;
(abrogare)
abrogation, repeal, rescission 2. (a unui
cartel) decartelization; (a unei corporatii)
disincorporation
~ a cuponului (transformarea unei
obligatiuni obisnuite intr-una cu cupon
zero) coupon stripping

129

design s.n. design

~ de mediu - (designul fabricilor si al
cladirilor administrative) environmental
design
~ industrial - industrial design designer s.
m. designer despacheta v.t. to unpack;
(baloturi de mar/a) to unbale; (din Idzi,
cutii) to uncase
despagubi v.t. to indemnify, to compensate, to requite; (pentru cheltuieli) to
reimburse, to refund; (pentru servicii) to
remunerate; (pentru daune, prejudicil) to
make amends to despagubire
s.f.
indemnification,
indemnity,
compensation, requital, recovery; (legala)
remedy;
(pentru
cheltuielf)
reimbursement, refund;
(pentru servicii) remuneration; (daune)
damages, amends, reparations
~ a pagubelor de avarie ,,ca de
obicei" - (asig. mar.) average as
customary
~ baneasca/pecuniara - pecuniary
compensation
~ in natura - recovery in kind
~ legala - legal remedy/redress
~ pentru accidente de munca worksmen's compensation
~ pentru rezilierea contactului smart money
~ stabilita prin acordul partilor remedy by agreement between the
parties
~ stabilita prin proces - remedy by
judicial process
despagubiri contractuale - liquidated
damages
~ cu titlu de penalizare - vindictive
damages
~ de razboi - war reparations

130

~ necontractuale - (stabilite de instanta)

damages at large, unliquidated damages
a cere ~ - to claim/to recover damages a fi
pasibil de plata despagubirilor -to be
liable for damages desperecheat adj.
(despre un articol) odd, not paired,
incomplete destinatar s.m. addressee; (al
unei remiteri) remittee, recipient; (al unei
plati) payee; (consignatar) consignee
destinatie s.f. destination ~ finala ultimate destination destitui v.t. to dismiss,
to discharge destituire s.f. dismissal,
discharge ~ ilegala/injusta unfair/wrongful dismissal
destivui v. t. to unstow destivuire s.f. (in
vederea descarcdrii) unstowing
deseu s.n. waste, wastage, remnant, refuse;
(rebut) scrap; (rezultat din transarea unui
animal) offal deeuri de bumbac - cotton
wastes ~ de cherestea - off-cuts ~ de fier iron scrap ~ de grau - offal wheat ~ de
hartie - off-cuts, paper refuse ~
industriale - industrial wastes ~
radioactive - radioactive wastes ~
reciclabile - reducible wastes ~
refolosibile - utility refuse/wastes detailist
s.m. retail dealer, retailer, small trader
detalia v.t. to detail; (a specified, a
enumera) to itemize
detaa v.t., v.r. (a schimba serviciul/ locul
de munca) to relocate detaare s.f.
(transfer, schimbare a serviciuhii/locului
de munca) relocation

DES-DET

deteriora v.t. to deteriorate, to impair. to

damage; (fata unei bancnote, a unui cec) to
deface
deteriorare
s.f.
deterioration.
impairment, damage; (a fetei unei
bancnote, a unui cec) defacement ~ a
capitalului - (situatia in care capitalul
unei institutii financiare scade
sub
nivelul prevdzut
de reglementdrile
legale) capital impairment
~ a caricului/incarcaturii - (in timpul
transportului) cargo damage ~ prin
depozitare - (a mdrfurilor} storing damage
~ prin strivire/zdrobire - crushing
damage
determina v.t. 1. (a stabili, a fixa, a
decide) to determine; (a convinge) to
persuade, to convince; (a obliga) to bind
over 2. (a stabili, a constata) to ascertain;
(daunele) (asig.) to adjust ~ calitatea unei
marfi - to ascertain the quality of a
commodity ~ creterea preturilor - to
force up prices
~ scaderea preturilor - to force down
prices
determinare s.f. 1. (stabilire, fixare'i
determination;
(convingere}
persuasion, conviction; (constr anger e\
binding
over
2.
(constatare}
ascertainment; (a daunelor) (asig. i
adjustment
~ a costului total al fluxului tehno-logic (pentru realizarea unui produs} (cont.)
process costing ~ a costurilor directe direct costing ~ a costurilor variabile variable costing ~ a obiectivelor - (man.)
goal setting

DET-DEZ

~ a preturilor de vanzare pe baza

costurilor medii - average-cost pricing ~ a
preturilor de vanzare plus o cota
marginala fixa - cost-plus pricing ~ a
preturilor de vanzare prin tatonari fixing prices by trial and error
deturna v.t. (fonduri) to defalcate, to
embezzle,
to
peculate,
to
misappropriate
deturnare s.f. (de fonduri) defalcation,
embezzlement, peculation, misappropriation,
fraudulent
conversion
detinator.s'./n. holder
~ al dreptului de posesiune pe viata sau
pe termen - (dr.) termor ~ al politei de
asigurare - (titularul unei polite de
asigurare de viata) policy holder
~ al unei autorizatii/licente - licensee ~ al
unei fransize - franchiser ~ de actiuni
comune - equity holder, common
stockholder
~ de certificate provizorii - (de acfiuni,
obligatiuni) scripholder ~ de obligatiuni bondholder ~ pentru valori furnizate - (al
unei cambii) holder for value detine v.t. (a
poseda) to possess, to own, to hold; (o
pozitie, o situatie) to hold
~ un post/o functie - to hold an office
detinere s.f. holding
~ de actiuni de catre salariati (recompensarea salariatilor cu actiuni)
(man.) employee shareholding ~ de actiuni
pentru administrare -(de catre o
persoand fizicd sau juri-dicd, pentru ca
proprietarul real sd rdmdnd necunoscut)
nominee shareholding

131

~ ilegala a unui bun - (dr.) detinue ~

reciproca de actiuni - (de catre doud sau
mai multe societdti) cross holding,
reciprocal shareholding devaloriza v.t. 1.
(moneda etc.) to devaluate, to devalue, to
depreciate;
(moneda prin aliere etc.) to debase 2.
(a ieftini) to mark down
devalorizare s.f. 1. (monetard etc.)
devaluation, depreciation; (a unei
monede prin aliere etc.) debasement 2.
(leftinire) marking down
~ monetara - currency devaluation/
depreciation
devalmaie s.f. commonage
dever s.n. (rate of) turnover, business
(done)
devize, n. estimate
~ aproximativ - rough estimate
~ centralizator - summarized estimate
~ descriptiv - specification
~ estimativ - estimate of costs, cost
estimate; bill of quantities
~ exagerat - overestimate
devize s.f. pi. foreign exchange/
currency
~ de cliring - clearing foreign
exchange
dezacords.n. disagreement, dissent
dezarima v.t. (mar.) to break out/bulk
dezarimare s.f. (mar.) breaking out/
bulk
dezasamblat adj. (alcdtuit din parti
componente gata de asamblare)

knocked-down
dezasortat adj. (despre un articol)
odd, not paired, incomplete
dezavantaj s.n. disadvantage;
(neajuns) drawback,-shortcoming
dezavantaj a v.t. to disadvantage

132

dezechilibru
s.n.
disequilibrium,
want/lack of balance; (al balantei comerciale, de plati etc.) imbalance;
(decalaj) gap

~ al balantei de plati - disequilibrium in

the balance of payments ~ economic economic disequilibrium dezeconomie s.f.
diseconomy dezeconomii de scara (fenomen caracterizat prin cresterea pe
termen lung a costului mediu dincolo de
nivelul
optim
al
productiei)
diseconomies of scale
dezindustrializare s.f. deindustrial-ization
dezinflatie
s.f.
(proces
care se
manifestd prin incetinirea durabild si
autointretinutd a ratei de crestere a
nivelului general al preturilor) (fin.)
disinflation
~ competitiva - (care se manifesto atunci
cdnd o anumitd tard reuseste sd aibd o
monedd puternicd si o inflatie mai redusd
decdt cea a tdrilor partenere) competitive
disinflation dezintermediere s.f. (procesul
prin care intermediarii financiari, de
exemplu handle, sunt eliminati din lantui
care transferd banii de la creditorul initial
cdtre debitorul final) disintermediation
dezmoteni v.t. to disinherit dezmostenire
s.f. disinheritance dezodorizare s.f. odour
removal dezvalui v.t. to disclose
dezvaluire s.f. 1. (pferire de informatii
complete, obligatia persoanei care incheie
o asigurare de a oferi asigurdtorului toate
informatiile referitoare la bunurile sau
interesele propuse pentru asigurare)
disclosure 2.

DEZ-DIF

(pferite de date confidentiale de cdtre o

bancd despre conturile unui client}

disclosure
dezvolta v.t. to develop; (a imbundtdti)
to improve

dezvoltare s.f. development:

improvement; growth
~ a gamei sortimentale - product
development
~ economica - economic development ~
economica durabila - sustainable
economic development ~
organica/structurala - (a unei firme)
(man.) organic growth ~ umana - human
development diagrama s.f. diagram, chart
~ a activitatii - activity chart ~ a
circulatiei fondurilor sau a marfurilor flow chart ~ a operatiilor - procedure
chart ~ a organizarii - organization chart ~
a pragului de rentabilitate -breakeven
chart
~ a procentului de munca manuala -twohanded process chart ~ a procesului
muncii - operating process chart
~ a procesului tehnologic - process chart,
flow diagram
~ a stadiului procesului de productie progress chart
~ de dispersie - (in statistica matematicd)
scatter chart ~ de incarcare - (mar.)
deadweight displacement scale
~ de programare a proiectului -project
planning chart
~ volumetrica de activitate - (pe o
anumitd perioada) volume chart diferend
s.n. disagreement, difference-dispute,
argument

DIF-DIR

diferenta s.f. 1. difference 2. (dintre

pretui pe care un dealer de valori
mobiliare il oferd pentru titlurile de
valoare si pretui la care Ie revinde,
dintre preturile pentru livrdrile spot
sau futures, dintre cursul de cumpdrare
si eel de vdnzare al unei volute, dintre
rata rentabilitdtii activelor si costui
pasivelor) spread 3. (la bursa de
mdrfuri, diferenta dintre pretui de
exercitiu dintr-un contract la termen si
pretui spot) basis
~ de calitate - difference in quality
~ de pescaj - (asietd) (mar.)
draft/draught/trim difference
~ de plata - difference to pay
~ de pret - difference in price
~ de salariu - (pdnd la nivelul
salariului de baza) make-up pay
~ in plus sau in minus - difference
over or under
diferentia v.t. to differentiate v.r. to
differentiate, to become differentiated
diferential adj. differential; (discriminatoriu, preferential) discriminating
diferentiere s.f. differentiation
~ a produselor - product
differentiation
dificultate s.f. 1. difficulty 2. (jend
financiard) embarrassment, straits,
stringency
dig s.n. dam, dike, embankment; (la
ware) jetty, seawall; breakwater
dijmas s.m. peasant on quitrent;
sharecropper
dijma s.f. (in bani) quitrent; (in naturd,
in parte) metayage; (in grdne) terrage,
rent paid in corn
a lucra in ~ - to sharecrop
diluare s.f. dilution

133

~ a capitalului propriu - (mdrirea

numdrului actiunilor existente fdrd
cresterea corespunzdtoare a profitului
sau a activelor societdtii respective)
(bur.) dilution of equity
~ a fortei de munca - (angajarea de
muncitori necalificati pentru lucrdri
efectuate de obicei de personal
calificat) dilution of labour
dimensiune s.f. dimension; (mdrime)
size
~ speciala - (la confectii) odd size
dimensiuni de gabarit - overall
dimensions
~ standard de container - container
dimensions
diminua v.t., v.r. to diminish, to
decrease, to slacken
diminuare s.f. diminution, decrease,
slackening
din prep. (vdndut din; despre mdrfuri)
(corn.) ex
~ depozit - ex warehouse
~ doc/chei - ex dock/quay/wharf
~ nava (in portui de livrare) ex ship
~ ordinul si in contui - for and on
behalf of
~ uzina - ex factory/mill/works
dinamic adj. dynamic(al)
dinamica s.f. dynamics
~ economica - economic dynamics
diplomat adj. (titrat, cu titlu universitar) graduate, graduated s.m.
diplomat(ist)
directiva s.f. directive, direction,
instruction
director s.m. manager, managing
director, head manager; (executiv)
executive (manager)
~ adjunct - assistant/deputy manager

134

~ al departamentului de contabilitate
- accounting manager ~ al
departamentului de export export manager ~ al departamentului de
publicitate advertising manager
~ al registrului de comert - registrar of
companies
~ al serviciului de personal - staff
manager
~ artistic - art director/editor ~ comercial
- business/sales/ commercial manager;
(responsabil cu productia si vdnzared) line
executive ~ de echipa - (unul dintre
principalii manageri ai unei agentii de
publicitate, care conduce echipa
insdrcinatd cu deservirea unui client)
account director ~ de filiala/sucursala branch manager
~ de investitii - investment manager ~ de
productie - production manager ~ de
produse - (responsabil cu promovarea si
comercializared) brand manager
~ de ziar - editor; (SUA) publisher ~
executiv - executive manager; (SUA) chief
executive
~ general - general manager ~ interimar acting manager ~ - membru in consiliul de
admi-nistratie - executive director ~
pentru probleme de calitate -quality
manager
~ - proprietar - owner-manager ~ regional
- district manager ~ responsabil cu
vanzarile pe teren -field sales manager ~
tehnic - chief/head engineer directorate./!,
directorship

DIR-DIS

directie s.f. 1. (conducere\ management

2. (centrala) head office dirija v.t. 1. (a
administra, a conduces to direct, to manage, to
control 2. (moneda, piata etc.) to control
dirijism s.n. state interference disagio s.n.
(diferenta dintre valoarea nominald si cursul
pietei pentru o moneda. sau un titlu de valoare)
disagio discipline s.f. discipline ~ financiara financial discipline discont s.n. (procent
mcasat din valoarea titlurilor de credit de cdtre
bancd ca urmare a rdscumpdrdri:
acestora inainte de scadentd) discount
discontare s.f. (pperatiune prin care se
determind valoarea actuald a unm venit viitor,
ludndu-se in considerate raportui dintre
cererea si oferta de bunuri si active financiare,
evolutia costurilor, a tehnologiilor de fabncatie} discounting discrepanta s.f.
discrepancy; (decalaj)
gap ~ dintre costuri - (estimate si efective)
cost variance
~
statistics
statistical
discrepancy
discretionar adj. discretionary discrimina v.t.
to discriminate discriminare s.f. (comerciald,
tarifard) discrimination
~ a fortei de munca - employment
discrimination
~ comerciala - trade discrimination ~ de
varsta - (la angajare) age discrimination
discriminatoriu adj. (despre tarife. preturi
etc.) discriminating, discriminatory

DIS-DIS

disimulare s.f. (a activelor de cdtre un

falit, a adevaruhd de cdtre un asigurat
etc.) concealment
disjungere s.f. (a mai multor procese)
(dr.) severance (of causes)
disociere s.f. (divizarea fluxurilor de
numerar de la filiala unei societdti-mamd in mai multe elemente componente pentru cresterea probabilitdtii
existentei unor fonduri in perioade de
dificultate
economicd) (fin.)
unbundling
dispasa s.f. (declarable de avarie)
(asig. mar.) adjustment, statement
~ conform legilor straine - (din portid
de descdrcare, destinatie sail escald)
foreign average/statement
~ de avarie - average
adjustment/statement
~ de avarie comuna - general average
adjustment/statement
~ de avarie particulars - particular
average adjustment/statement
dispasor s.m. (expert de evaluare a
avariei) (asig. mar.) average
adjuster/stater/taker
dispatch s.n. (timp economisit la
incdrcarea sau descdrcarea navei)
(mar.) dispatch, saved time
dispecer s.m. controller, dispatcher
dispensa v.t. (de) to dispense (from), to
exempt (from), to absolve (from)
dispensa s.f. dispensation, exemption;
(speciala) licence
disponibil adj. \. available, disposable,
ready; (despre un spatiu) vacatable;
(suplimentar, excedentar) spare 2. (cu livrare
imediata) spot s.n. pi. (mar/a disponibild/cu
livrare imediata) spots, spot goods ~ de
numerar in banca - cash at bank

135

disponibilitate s.f. 1. availability 2. pi.

(active lichide) (fin.) available/liquid
assets, disposable funds
~ de export - export availability
~ imediata - immediate availability
dispozitie s.f. 1. (prevedere) provision,
stipulation; (ordin) order 2. (dispunere,
asezare) disposal, disposition
~ de incasare - collection order
~ de incarcare loading/shipping
order
~ de lucru - (scrisd) job order
~ de plata - payment order
~ de virament - transfer order
~ testamentara - devise
dispozitii de suspendare a platii (unui cec) orders not to pay
~ stricte/riguroase/severe - stringent
regulations
dispune v.t. 1. (a ordona) to order, to
dispose; (a decide) to decide 2. (a
prevedea; despre o lege) to enjoin 3. (a
aranja) to dispose, to arrange, to set
out; (a aseza) to place, to put, to set v.i.
(de bani, resurse) to command
distanta s.f. distance
~ de calcul al navlului - (mar.)
chargeable distance
~ in mile - mileage
~ in iarzi - yardage
~ parcursa in balast - (fdrd mar/a)
(mar.) dead mileage
distribui v.t. to distribute, to deal/to
give/to share out; (proportional) to
apportion
distribuire s.f. distribution; (proportionald) apportionment
~ a resurselor - resource allocation
~ expresa/urgenta - (a postei) special
delivery
~ gratuita - free delivery

136

~ selectiva - (a produselor, operatd de

producdtor pentru anumiti detailisti)
selective distribution distribuitors.m.
distributor ~ automat - robot distributor,
penny--in-the-slot machine ~ de sarcini taskmaster distribute s.f. distribution ~ a
marfurilor fara intermediari -first-hand
distribution ~ a veniturilor - income
distribution ~ cu amanuntui - retail
distribution district s.n. district; (regiune)
region, area
distrugere s.f. destruction ~ intentionata (pentru incasarea asigurdrii) voluntary
waste diurna s.f. daily fee/allowance
divers adj. diverse, varied, various,
multifarious, sundry; miscellaneous s.f. pi.
1. (rubricd de ziar) miscellaneous column;
news items 2. (cheltuieli diverse) sundry
expenses, sundries diverse si neprevazute
- (mentiune la sfdrsitui devizului unei
constructii) miscellaneous contingencies
diversifica v.t., v.r. to diversify, to vary
diversificare s.f. (a liniei de produse, a
pietelor de comercializare, a gamei
activelor financiare detinute in
portofoliu de un investitor in scopul
diminudrii riscului) diversification ~ a
liniei de produse - line filling ~ a
produselor - product diversification
~ a riscului - risk diversification ~
ineficienta - (selectia a 10 pdnd la 15
active intr-un portofoliu) (fin.) superfluous
diversification dividend s. n. dividend

D1S-DIV

~ -actiune - (platit in actiuni supli-mentare

si nu in numerar) stock dividend
~ final - (dividendul vdrsat la sfarsilul
anului financiar de o societate care a
distribuit dividende intermediare) final
dividend
~ intermediar/partial - (dividends
distribuit periodic in contui dividen-dului
final aferent exercitiului financiar in curs)
interim dividend ~ neachitat - unpaid
dividend ~ nepreferentiaVneprivilegiat
(aferent actiunilor comune) ordinary
dividend
~ platit prin certificat provizoriu -(care
prevede plata in numerar la c data
ulterioard specificata) scnr dividend
~ preferential/privilegiat - (aferere
actiunilor
preferentiale/privilegiate i
preferred/preferrence dividend ~ statutar statutory dividend ~ suplimentar bonus/extra/special surplus dividend
dividende cumulative - (ale actiunilor
preferentiale/privilegiate care nu a* fost
achitate la scadenta} accumulative
cumulative dividends ~ pe actiune dividends per share ~ platite in numerar cash dividends divizare s.f. 1. division 2. (a
una societdti) demerger; (a unei compans in
unitdti distincte pentru a acopefi mai bine
diferite sectoare ale piefe^ (man.)
divisionalization ~ a actiunii - (mdsurd
contabild de crestere a numdrului de
actiuni circulate fdrd emisiunea unor
actiias , not, insd prin divizarea celor
existentf'

D1V-DOC

in alte actiuni cu valoare mai mica)

share/stock split
~a unei activitati - (in munci/sarcini
cu grad egal de dificultate) job dilution
divizibilitate s.f. divisibility
~ a factorilor de productie divisibility of production factors
diviziune s.f. division
diviziunea muncii - division of labour
~ sociala a muncii - social division of
labour
dizolva v.t. 1. (parlamentui, o adunare)
to dissolve 2. (o companie) to dissolve,
to disincorporate
dizolvare s.f. 1. (a parlamentului, a
unei adundri) dissolution 2. (a unei
companii) dissolution, disincorporation
dobanda s.f. interest
~ bancara - bank/banking interest
~ bruta - gross interest
~ capitalizata - accrued interest
~ camatareasca - usury
~ compusa - (yenitui sau remuneratia
pidtitd sau primitd pentru serviciul
unui capital in conditiile capitalizdrii
sale, fapt ce implied transformarea
dobdnzii primite in capital, calculdndu-se astfel dobanda la dobanda)
compound interest
~ creditoare - (generatd de o creanta)
interest earned
~ curenta - running interest
~ de asigurare - (pe care creditorul o
primeste de pe urma proprietdtii
debitorului pentru asigurarea platii
unui credit) security interest
~ de incasat de la clientii insolvabili interest in suspense
~ debitoare - (pidtitd pentru o datorie)
interest paid
~ interbancara - interbank rate

137

~ intermediara - (care nu este incd

scadentd, calculatd de la ultima scadentd
pdnd la o zi de referintd care precede
viitoarea scadentd) broken--period interest
~ ipotecara - mortgage interest ~ la
conturile de depozit - interest on deposit
accounts
~ la imprumutui pentru o zi/de pe o zi pe
alta - day-to-day rate ~ la vedere - (pentru
cecuri si cambii) sight/short rate
~ moratorie - (dobanda datoratd in mod
legal sau convenitd in cazul in care un
debitor nu si-a achitat datoria la scadentd)
default interest ~ neachitata/restanta outstanding interest
~ negativa - (dobanda perceputd de cdtre
o bancd la un cont de depozit pentru
descurajarea rezidentilor strain! privind
constituirea de depozite) negative interest
~ neta - net/pure interest ~ nominala (remunerarea efectivd a unui capital in
expresie monetard la pretui pietei) nominal
interest ~ penalizatoare - penalty interest
~ reala - (venitui sau remunerarea unui
capital calculatd prin deducerea inflatiei
din dobanda nominala) real/true interest
~ simpla/necapitalizata - simple/ ordinary
interest
a aduce ~ - to bear/to carry/to pay/to yield
interest
dobandi v.t. to obtain, to get, to acquire
doc s.n. (mar.) 1. (constructie de
andocare) dock 2. (bazin portuar) dock
(basin), harbour/port basin

138

~ comercial - commercial dock

~ de constructii navale - shipbuilding
dock
~ plutitor - floating/flooding dock
~ uscat - dry dock, concrete/graving
dock
a iesi din docuri - to undock
docher s.m. docker, dock/waterside
worker, dockhand, docksman,
longshoreman, shoreman, loader,
lumper, porter
~ de cereale - corn porter
~ de cherestea - deal porter
~ de magazie - hatchman,
hatchwayman
~ la copastie - sideman
~ pe chei - wharfman, quay-side
worker
~ pe puntea navei - dockman on deck
~ specializat - stevedore
doctrina s.f. doctrine
~ economica - economic doctrine
document s.n. document, act; (juridic)
deed, act and deed, instrument
~ insotitor - accompanying document
~ inactiv (document/contract in care
nu au fost trecute numele) dormant
deed
~ justificativ - document in proof,
supporting document
~ oflcial secret - classified document
~ original - master copy
~ -sursa - (facturi, note de plata etc.)
(cont.) source document
documente ale navei - ship's
documents/papers
~ comerciale - commercial documents
~ contra acceptare - (mentiune care
semnificd faptui cd documentele nu vor
fi remise cumpdrdtorului decdt contra

DOC-DOM

acceptdrii unei cambii) documents against

acceptance
~ contra plata - {mentiune prin care se
specified faptui cd documentele nu vor fi
remise cumpdrdtorului deed:
contra plata) documents against
payment
~ contra plata in numerar documents against cash
~ contra prezentare - documents
against presentation
~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar. i
average papers
~ de expeditie - forwarding documents
~ de export - export documents:
(mar.) shipping documents
~ de incarcare - loading documents:
(mar.) shipper's papers
~ de lichidare in vama - clearance
papers
~ de transport - carriage documents
~ de transport maritim - shipping
documents
~ negociabile - negotiable documents
instruments
~ vamale - customs documents/papers
documentar adj. documentary
documentatie s.f. documentation
~ de credit - loan submission
do\ar s.m. dollar
~ -marfa - commodity dollar
domeniu s.n. 1. (proprietate, mosic
domain, estate, landed property; (dr.demesne 2. (stiintific) field, scope; idr
activitate) branch
~ inrudit - related field
~ public - public property
~ regal/al coroanei - crown land
domicilia v.;. 1. to reside, to dwell 2. <
fixa locul de plata al unui efect

comert) to domicile, to domiciliate

DOM-DRE

domiciliatar s.m. (agent de platd al

tinui efect de comerf) paying agent
domiciliere s.f. 1. residence 2. (fixare a
loctilui de platd al unui efect de
comerf) domiciliation
domiciliu s.n. 1. residence, abode,
dwelling place; (legal) domicile 2.
(bancd mandatatd de o societate care a
emis titluri de valoare sd efectueze
toate operatiunile curente privitor la
aceste titluri) paying agent/office; (de
platd al unei cambii) domicile
~ ales - address for service
~ de origine - domicile of origin
~ fiscal - residence for tax purposes
~ stabil - permanent residence
dona v.t. to donate, to grant, to give
donatar s.m. donee, grantee
donators.m. donor, grantor, giver
donatie s.f. donation, grant, gift
dosar s.n. 1. file; record, dossier 2. (al
unuiproces) brief
~ activ/in folosinta - active file
~ cu copii de acte/documente copybook
~ individual - individual file
dosare ale salariatilor - personnel
files/records
dota v.t. 1. (o institute) to endow 2. (a
echipa) to equip, to fit out
dotare s.f. 1. (a unei institutii)
endowment 2. (echipare) equipment;
pi. (amenajdri) appointments
dovada s.f. evidence, proof; (certificat)
certificate
~ a originii - (unui produs) proof of
origin
~ de imbarcare a marfurilor shipping receipt
~ de livrare - (a mdrfii) certificate of
delivery

139

~ de marfuri antrepozitate warehouse bond

~ de primire - (a mdrfii) dock receipt
dozare s.f. dosing
~ in greutate - weight feed
drahma s.f. (unitate de mdsurd pentru
greutate) dram
~ lichida - fluid dram
drastic adj. (despre reduceri bugetare)
swingeing
drept s.n. 1. right; (privilegiu)
privilege, charter 2. law
~ bancar - banking law
~ cambial - exchange law
~ civil - civil law
~ comercial - commercial/mercantile
law
~ consuetudinar/cutumiar
consuetudinary/common law
~ contractual - contract law
~ contractual de retentie - contract
lien
~ de a actiona in judecata - right of
action
~ de a bate moneda - free coinage
~ de a executa - (prin judecata) right
to enforce
~ de angarie - (mar.) right of angary
~ de autor - copyright
~ de azil - right of sanctuary
~ de control/vizita - (mar.) right of
inspection/search
~ de conversiune - (drept prin care
obligatiunile convertible emise de o
societate pot fi schimbate cu actiuni
emise de aceeasi societate) conversion
right
~ de folosinta in comun - (a pdmdntului, apasunilor) commonage
~ de folosire a macaralelor (portuare) cranage

140

~ de gaj - legal lien

~ de gaj fara deposedare - (drept de
gaj asupra unui bun fdrd transferul
fizic al acestuia cdtre creditorul gajist,
transferal de proprietate fund inlocuit
prin inscrierea dreptului de gaj intr-un
registru) registered lien
~ de gaj imobiliar - real estate lien
~ de greva - right to strike
~ de mostenire - heirdom
~ de mostenire limitat - (succesiune
transmisibild pe lima descendentilor
masculini saufeminini) tail
~ de munca - right to work
~ de negociere - (a unui contract)
bargaining power
~ de optiune - right of option
~ de pescuit - right of fishery, fishing
right; (in ape strdine) piscary
~ de preemptiune - (clauzd din
contracted de societate si statut care da
actionarilor comuni dreptui de a
cumpdra proportional noi emisiuni de
actiuni comune sau titluri de valoare
covertibile in actiuni comune etc.)
preemptive right, right of preemption
~ de prioritate asupra ofertei - right
of first refusal
~ de privilegiu si sechestru asupra
navei in constructie - shipbuilding
lien
~ de proprietate - proprietary right,
proprietorship, ownership
~ de rascumparare - right of
repurchase; (al unui bun ipotecaf)
equity of redemption
~ de recuperare - right of recovery
~ de (re)intrare in posesie - {asupra
unui teren) right of entry
~ de retentie - (dreptui creditorului de
a pdstra o proprietate a debitorului

DRE-l

restant pdnd cand acesta isi aohlfir |

intreaga datorie) (possessory) lien ,
~ de retentie al armatorului - (asupw '
mdrfil) shipowner's lien
~ de retentie al carausului - camer'l
lien
~ de retentie al comandantului (asupra mdrfil) shipmaster's lien
~ de retentie al vanzatorului - (pass.
cand cumpdrdtorul achitd integral.
pretui proprietdtii) vendor's hex:
seller's lien
~ de retentie asupra actiunilor - hia
on shares
~ de retentie asupra marHi - lien OB
cargo, cargo lien
~ de retentie asupra navei - bottonny
lien
~ de retentie cu privilegiu - senior
lien
:
~ de retentie de catre agentui Je I
asigurare - (a politei de asigurar^\
broker's lien
~ de retentie echitabil - equitable lies
~ de retentie general - general lien
~ de retentie pentru navlu - (mar\
freight lien
~ de retentie pentru plata conti
staliilor - (mar.) demurrage lien
~ de retentie pentru pla
impozitelor - tax lien
~ de retentie si privilegiu al ec!
pajului (asupra navei si a inca
cdturii in cazul nepldtii salariilc
seamen's hen
~ de retentie si privilegiu maritim
maritime lien
~ de retentie si privilegiu pentt
remuneratia de salvare - (mar^
salvage bond/lien

DRE-DUM

~ de returnare - (a mdrfurilor nevdndute)

right of return ~ de semnatura right/authority to sign
~ de trecere - (pe o proprietate) wayleave;
(mar.) right of way ~ de uzufruct usufructuary right ~ de vanzare - (dreptui
executoruhii testamentar de a vinde o parte
din masa succesorala) power of sale ~ de
vot - voting power/right ~ de vot
diferential - (referitor la actiunile care
oferd sau nu drept de vot) differential
voting ~ dispozitiv - yielding law ~
exclusiv - exclusive/sole right ~ funciar ground law ~ inalienabil - unalienable
right ~ incorporal - (drept de uzufruct cu
excluderea dreptului de midd proprietate)
incorporeal hereditament ~ intern municipal law ~ international international law, law of nations
~ maritim - marine/maritime/sea law, law
of the sea
~ maritim comercial - merchant shipping
law, law of merchant shipping ~ maritim
de priza - maritime/naval prize law
~
maritim
international
international maritime law, international
law of the sea ~ maritim militar naval/navy's law ~ natural - equity
~ nerevendicat - unclaimed right ~
penal - criminal/coercive law ~
preferential - preferential right ~
privat - private law ~ public - public
law ~ roman - Roman law

141

~ scris - statutory law

~ succesoral - succession law
drepturi civile - civil rights
~ de brevet - patent rights
~ de subscriptie - (drept acordat
actionarilor de a participa la cresterea
capitalului unei societdti) subscription
rights, rights issue
~ fractionare - (drept insuficient de
subscriptie pentru a permite subscriptia unei actiuni noi in cazul unei
cresteri de capital) fractional rights
~ patrimoniale - (drepturi aferente
unei actiuni) property rights
~ sociale - (drepturi conferite de
statutui de actionar) membership rights
~ speciale de tragere - (instrument
monetar international creat de FMI,
folosit in principal ca imitate monetard
de cont si de rezervd) special drawing
rights
drum s.n. road; (strada) street; (sosed)
highway; (artera) thoroughfare; (ruta)
route
~ de antier - site road
~ maritim - sea route, seaway
~ maritim comercial - shipping
lane/route
~ maritim costier - coastwise sea lane
~ oceanic - ocean passage, lane route
drumar s.m. roadman
dublu adj. double
dubia impunere - (taxe duble sau
multiple, prelevate de mat multe
autoritdti fiscale asupra aceluiasi

venit) double taxation

dumping s.n. (export de mdrfuri la
prefuri inferioare celor de pe piata

142

internd si mondiald cu scopul de a

pdtrunde pe noi piete si a Ie acapara

ulterior) dumping
~ in aval/de furnizare - downstream
dumping
~ valutar - (bazat pe decalajul creat
mtre cursul, micsorat intentional, al
valutei nationale a tdrii exportatoare
fata de cursul valutei tdrii impor-

tatoare) exchange dumping

a face ~ cu - to dump
duopol s.n. (piatd oligopolistd pe care
opereazd doi ofertanti) duopoly
duopson s.n. (piatd pe care cererea
este restrdnsd, existdnd numai doi
cumpdrdtori care pot sd-si impund
pretui} duopsony
dupaprep. as
~ cum se vede - (fdrd nici un fel de
garantie pentru mdrfurile vdndute) as

seen
duplicat s.n. duplicate, tenor, ditto
~ al unei cambii - duplicate of
exchange
durata s.f. 1. duration, period 2. (termen, scadenta} term
~ a dreptului de autor - duration of
copyright
~ a exercitarii - (unei functii) tenure

~ a transportului pe mare - shipping

time
~ de depozitare - (cow.) storage/shelf
life
~ de executie/derulare a unui
contract - contract horizon
~ de exploatare/utilizare - period of
service, useful/working life, working
service/time
~ de functionare - (service) life
~ de operare - (incdrcare ?i
descdrcare a navel} handling time
~ de stationare in dana - (a navel} on-berth time
~ de stationare in portui final/iD
terminal - (mtre sosirea si plecarea
unei nave comerciale} tum-around
period
~ de uzura - wear life
~ de mare functionare - long life
~ medie de viata - expectation of life,
life expectancy
~ probabila de descarcare - (in ztle
sau fractiuni de zi) expected'
discharging days
~ utila de functionare - useful life
duzina s.f. dozen
~ completa - round dozen
- mare - (cu 13 bucdti) long/baker^ dozen

E
ecarts.n. deviation; (decalaf) gap
~ de credit - (formula care
desemneazd conflictui dintre interesul
vdnzdtorului de a-si primi banii cat
mai curdnd si eel al cumpdrdtorului de
a plati cat mai tdrzin) (corn.) credit gap
~ inflationist - (criteria si indicator de
mdsurare a intensitdtii procesidui
inflationist) inflationary gap
ecartaments.n. gauge
~ de cale ferata - rail(way) gauge
~ mgust - narrow gauge
echilibra v.t. to equilibrate; (un buget)
to balance
echilibrare s.f. equilibration
~ a cererii - (cu nivelul productiei)
demand matching
echilibru s.n. equilibrium; balance
~ al consumatorului - (nivelul maxim
al utilitdtii totale de care beneficiazd
un consumator din bunurile cumpdrate
cu un anumit venit) consumer
equilibrium
~ al pietei - market equilibrium
~ al producatorului - (atingerea
echilibrului optim mtre factorii de
productie, fapt ce asigurd obtinerea
unui volum de productie dat cu costuri
cat mai mici) producer/supplier
equilibrium
~ al resurselor umane - {stare de
concordantd relativd dintre cantitatea,
structura si calitatea factorului uman
activ disponibil si necesitdtile de
resurse de muncd ale utilizatorilor)
human resources equilibrium

~ bugetar - (concordanta dintre

cheltuielile i vemturile bugetului
public) budgetary equilibrium
~ concurential - competitive
equilibrium
~ general (al pietelor aflate in stare
de interdependentd, manifestat prin
inexistenta excesului de cerere sau de
oferta) general equilibrium
~ partial - (stare de echilibru a
variabilelor de pe o anumitd piatd,
dintr-un anumit sector, domeniu etc.)
partial equilibrium
~ valutar - (concordantd dinamicd
intre incasdrile si platile in valuta ale
unei tdri intr-o perioadd determinatd
de timp) currency equilibrium
echipa v.t. to equip, to outfit; (o nava)
to man, to fit out
echipaj s.n. (de nava) crew,
complement, hands; (al unei aeronave)
(air) crew
~ complet - full crew/commission/
complement
~ de nava comerciala - shipping
personnel
~ redus - reduced complement
~ strain - foreign crew
~ temporar - (care inlocuieste
echipajul pe timpul stationdrii novel in
port) runner crew
~ trecut in rol - enlisted crew
~ vechi - old commission
echipament^.M. equipment, outfit
~ de productie - productive equipment
~ de protectie - overall, protective
clothing/outfit

144

~ nefolosit vandut de guvern/stat government surplus

~ optional - (livrat la comanda)
optional equipment
echipa s.f. team, group; squad;
(schimb) shift echitate s.f. equity
~ a impozitarii - equity of taxation ~
fiscala - fiscal equity echivala v.t. to
equate, to equalize v.i. (cu) to be
equivalent/tantamount
to
echivalare
^./equation, equalization echivalent adj.
(cu) equivalent (to) s.m. equivalent
~ al numerarului - (investitie pe termen
scurt cu grad ridicat de lichiditate si
scadentd initiald sub trei luni) cash
equivalent
~ general - (elementui fundamental al
sistemului bdnesc al unei tdri, etalon de
mdsurd a standardului de valoare a
bunurilor
economice)
general
equivalent
ecodezvoltare
s.f.
ecodevelopment
ecologic adj. ecological, environmental
ecologist s.m. ecologist, environmentalist
econom adj. thrifty, sparing, saving,
economical s.m. (intendent) steward;
(administrator)
treasurer,
bursar
econometrician
s.m.
econometrician
econometric s.f. econometrics economic
adj. 1. (referitor la economic) economic
2. {econom) thrifty, economical
economic s.f. 1. economy; (stiinfe
economice) economics 2. pi. savings,
sparings, spare money ~ a bunastarii welfare economics ~ a dezvoltarii development economics

ECH-ECO

~ aplicata - applied economics

~ autocentrata - (economic inchisd)
self-centred economy
~ capitalists! - capitalist economy
~ casnica - domestic science, home
economics
~ centralizata/dirijata/planificata command/controlled/planned economy,
statism
~ clasica - classical economics
~ comparata - comparative economics
~ cu suma zero - (economic in care nu
se inregistreazd nici o crestere, venitui
unei persoane putdnd sd creased numai
prin scdderea venitului alteid) zero-sum economy
~ de export - export-oriented economy
~ de jaf - (care exploateazd la limitd
resursele naturale) robber economy
~ de piata - market economy
~ de razboi - war economy
~ de schimb - exchange economy
~ de spatiu - space saving
~ de timp - time saving
~ de tranzitie - transition economy
~ de troc - barter economy
~ deschisa - open economy
~ descriptiva - descriptive economics
~ feudala - feudal economy
~ forestiera - forest economy
~ involuntara - (de bani blocafi in
stocuri de mar/a) involuntary saving
~ inchisa/autarhica - closed economy
~ manageriala - managerial
economics
~ matematica - mathematical
economics
~ mixta - mixed economy
~ mondiala - world economy
~ monetara - money/monetary
economy

ECO-EFE

~ naturala - natural/barter economy

~ nationals - national economy
~ negociata - {in care resursele sunt
alocate printr-un proces institutionalizat de negociere intre centre de
decizie independente reprezentand
statui, firmele, asociatiile patronale si

sindicale) negociated economy

~ politica - political economy/
economics
~ reala - real economy
~ regionala - regional economy
~ rurala/agricola - rural economy,
husbandry
~ simbolica - (ansamblul operatiunilor
economice desfdsurate pe piata monetard, financiard - de capital -, valu-

tara} symbolic economy

~ sociala de piata - social market
economy
~ socialista - socialist economy
~ stagnanta - stagnant economy
~ subterana - hidden/underground/
subterranean/submerged/black
economy
~ teoretica - pure economics
~ traditionala - traditional economy
~ voluntara - voluntary saving
economii de gama - (proces care se
caracterizeaza prin diversificarea
gamei de bunuri si servicii oferite si
prin scdderea costului unitar)

economies of scope, scope economies

~ de scara - (proces care se
caracterizeaza prin cresterea cantitdtii
de bunuri si servicii si prin scdderea
costului unitar} economies of scale,
scale economies
~ externe de scara - {care vizeazd o
intreagd ramurd industriald, progresul

145

tehnic, infrastructura etc.) external

scale economies
~ fortate - forced savings
economisi v.t. (bani) to put aside/away/
by, to set by; to economize, to save, to
spare
economisire s.f. economization,
saving, sparing
economist s. m. economist
ecosistem.s'.n. ecosystem
~ industrial - industrial ecosystem
edita v.t. to publish, to issue
editor s.m. publisher; (al unei cdrti)
editor
editorial adj. editorial s.n. editorial,
leader, leading article
editorialist s. m. editorialist
editura s.f. publishing house
editie s.f. edition, issue
~ bibliofila - collectors'/bibliophile/
limited edition
~ de dimineata - (a unui cotidian
pentru distributia locald) city edition
~ speciala - (a unui ziar) special
(edition), extra
efect s.n. 1. effect, result 2. (dr.)
consequence, application; pi. {bunuri
mobiliare} chattels personal, personal
property/effects, movables, goods (and
chattels) 3. (de comer f} commercial
paper; (cambie) bill (of exchange)
~ al anuntarii - (gradul m care
consumatorul realizeazd cd plateste un
impozit care este inclus in pretui de
vdnzare al unui produs) announcement
effect

~ al bulgarului de zapada/de
antrenare - (consecintd a conexiunilor
formate intre doud sau mai multe
fenomene si process economice) snow-ball effect

EFE-EGA

146

~ al dimensiunii firmei - (firmele mid

inregistreazd rate de rentabilitate mai
bune decdt firmele man} size-of-the-firm effect
~ al impactului - (cre^terea cererii
atunci cdnd mi este posibild cre^terea
imediatd a ofertei) impact effect
~ al preturilor - price effect
~ asupra salariilor - wage push
~ asupra venitului - (in
comportamentui comercial) income
effect

~ constitutiv - (dr.) constituting effect

~ de clientela - (atragerea unid anumit
tip de investitori in functie de politico
de dividende) (fin.) clientele effect
~ de comert - (cambia, cecul,
mandatui) commercial paper
~ de comert acceptabil - (pentru
reescontare la banca centrald) eligible
paper
~ de comert de clasa a doua si a treia
- second and third-class paper
~ de comert de complezenta accomodation paper, pro forma bill
~ de comert la purtator - bearer
paper
~ de comert necorespunzator - (care
nu poatefi onoraf) bad paper
~ de comert reescontat - rediscount
~ de levier - (rata de indatorare in
raport cu fbndurile proprii ale unei
companii) (fin.) gearing
~ de parghie - (rata de indatorare in
raport cu fondurile proprii ale unei
companii) (SUA) (fin.) leverage
~ de prag - (pimctui in care un mesaj
publicitar devine eficient) threshold
effect

~ de substitute - (efectul asupra

comportamentului cumparatorului)

cauzat de modificarea pretului un

anumit produs) substitution effect
~ de venit (modificarea venitului reJn
al consumatorului ca urmare s
schimbdrilor de preturi ale produselorj
income effect
~ financiar - finance bill
~ real - (dr.) material effect
~ retroactiv - (al unei legi) retroactio*
~ suspensiv - (dr.) suspensory effect
~ tranzitoriu - (dr.) temporary effect
efectiv adj. effective, actual, real
efectua v.t. to effect, to effectuate.
accomplish, to perform, to carry in
effect, to bring about; (a intreprinde) t
carry out
~ o plata - to effect/to make a paymetf
~ serviciul datoriei - to service
efectuare
s.f.
effectuation,!
accomplishment, performance
~ a serviciului datoriei - servicing
eficient adj. efficient, effective
~ sub aspectui costurilor - cc
-effective

eficienta s.f. efficiency

~ de operare a portului efficiency
~ ecologica - ecologic efficiency
~ economica - economic efficiency
~ productiva - production efficiency
eforts.n. effort
i
efortui eel mai avantajos - (pentru
investitor bancar care nu-^i asumd 1
o responsabilitate in cazul in care i
emisiune de actiuni nu se vin
integral) (fin.) best effort
egalitarism.s./!. equalitarianism
egalitate s.f. equality; (paritate) parit
~ a sacrificiului - (in tec
impozitdrii) equality of sacrifice
~ in drepturi - equality of rights

EGA-EM1

egaliza v. t. to equalize, to equate

egalizare s.f. equalization, equation ~
fiscala - (apropiere a nivelului de
impozitare asupra imobilelor si a altor
bunuri) tax equalization elabora v.t. to
elaborate, to work out;
(un plan, un program) to draw up
elasticitate s.f. (flexibilitate) elasticity
~ a cererii - elasticity of demand
~ a impunerii - elasticity of taxation
~ a ofertei - elasticity of supply
~ a pretului la cerere - price elasticity
of demand
~ a pretului la oferta - price elasticity
of supply
~ a preturilor - price elasticity/
sensitivity
~ a productiei - elasticity of
production
~ a veniturilor - income elasticity
element s. n. element
~ de esantionare - sampling element
~ prefabricat din beton - precast unit
elevator s. n. elevator; hoist, lift
~ cu banda - conveyer/conveyor
elevator
~ cu cupe - bucket/scoop elevator
~ cu descarcare continua continuous discharge elevator
~ cu lant - chain elevator
~ de cereale - grain elevator
~ de containere - container lift
~ de marfa - cargo/freight elevator,
hoister
~ de paleti - pallet elevator
~ de stivuire - elevator stacker
~ pe senile - caterpillar elevator
~ plutitor - floating elevator
elibera v.t. 1. to liberate, to free; (din
mchisoare) to set free/at liberty, to
release; (pe cautiune) to bail out 2. (a

147

remite) to remit, to deliver 3. (facturi,

documente comerciale etc.) to issue;
(un certificat, un document) to make
out 4. (de datorii, obligatii, sarcini) to
release, to relieve, to privilege, to
disengage, to exonerate 5. (un cecfard
acoperire) to overdraw 6. (de sub
controlul statului) to decontrol
eliminare s.f. (a unor actiuni de pe
lista de cotatii bursiere) delisting
~ a produsului - (a producerii si a
comercializdrii acestuid) product
elimination
eluda v.t. to elude, to evade
embargo s. n. embargo
~ civil - civil embargo
~ ostil - hostile embargo
~ pasnic - pacific embargo
a institui un ~ asupra - to embargo, to
lay an embargo upon
a ridica embargoul - to disembargo,
to take off/to raise the embargo
emisiune s.f. 1. (radiofonica, de
televiziune) broadcast 2. (de titluri de
valoare, de ban!) issue; (de bancnote)
emission; (de obligatiuni) floating
~ -concurs cu premii - (la televiziune)
give-away show
~ de actiuni fara drept de instrainare
- (emisiune destinatd actionarilor
existenti

ai

unei

societati)

nonrenounceable issue
~ de actiuni gratuite - (cdtre
actionarii existenti pentru majorarea
capitalului prin capitalizarea rezervelor) capitalization/scrip/bonus issue
~ de bancnote - emission of paper
money
~ de obligatiuni - bond issue
~ de obligatiuni cu suspendarea
platii - bond issue in default

EMI-EST

148

~ de obligatiuni facuta de un
nerezident/strain - foreign bond issue
~ de titluri de stat - issue of
government securities
~ de titluri de valoare secundare junior issue
~ fiduciara - fiduciary issue
~ in direct - live broadcast
~ monetara - monetary issue
~ noua - (de actiuni, obligatiuni) new

issue, reissue
~ prin adjudecare - issue by tender
~ publica - (de acfiuni) public issue
emite v.t. 1. (titluri de valoare, bani) to
issue; (bancnote) to emit; (bani faisi
etc.) to utter; (obligatiuni) to float;
(actiuni nominale) to inscribe; (actiuni
fictive/diluate prin
supraevaluarea
activelor) to water; {un cec) to make out 2.
(a trage o cambie) to draw emitent adj.
issuing s.m. issuer, issuing authority; (al
unui bilet la ordin) maker; (tragdtor,
persoand care a emis o cambie, un cec)
drawer adresati-va emitentului - (formula
pe un cec) refer to the drawer enumera v.t.
to enumerate; (pepuncte) to itemize;
(amdnuntit) to specify epava s.f.
(ship)wrek
epuiza v.t. \. (resurse, fonduri) to exhaust,
to deplete; (a consuma complet) to use up;
(a folosi la maximum) to work up; (a
cheltui tot) to spend 2. (a defertiliza) to
impoverish v.r. (despre rezerve, stocuri) to
run low epuizare s.f. 1. (a resurselor, a
fondurilor)
exhaustion,
depletion 2.
(alocarea sistematicd si rafionald a
costului de achizitie a resurselor natu-rale
pentru perioada viitoare in care utilizarea
acestor resurse contribute la

generarea profitului) (cont.) depletion 3.

(defertilizare) impoverishment epuizat adj.
(din stoc) out-of-stock;
(despre cdrti) out-of-print
ergonometrie s.f. ergonometrics
ergonomie s.f. ergonomics, human
engineering
ergoterapie s.f. occupational therapy
eroare s.f. error; (greseald) mistake
~ de calcul - error in calculationmiscalculation
~ de eantionare - sampling error
~ de masurare - error of measurement
~ de nume - misnomer
~ de persoana - mistake in the person
~ de specificatii - specification error
~ operativa/activa - (eroare foam
gravd care anuleazd un contract) (dr.}

operative mistake
erorile i omisiunile sunt exceptate -1
(formula pe o facturd) errors ani|

omissions excepted
eroziune s.f. (a solului, a capitalulu
erosion
escala s.f. 1. (loc) place of call/suppi
port of call/supply 2. (pprire) call
escroc s.m. swindler, cheat
escroca v.t. to swindle, to cheat,
rook, to fake up
escrocherie s.f. swindle, cheat, fake
esenta s.f. (dr.) essence
~ a unui contract - (anumite cla
dintr-un contract, care trebuie ir,
plinite indiferent de circumstai
essence of a contract

estima v.t. to estimate, to evaluate,^

value, to valuate, to appraise;
calcula, a stabili) to rate; (a pret stabili
pretut) to price, to prize

EST-ETA

estimare s.f.
estimation, estimate,
valuation, appraisal; (asig., fin.) rating;
(stabilire a pretului) pricing
estimari omogene - (estimari asemdndtoare ale riscului si ale rentabilitdtii
de cdtre toti investitorii) (fin.)
homogeneous expectations
estimativ adj. estimative, estimated;
(aproximativ, in cifre rotunde) round
estimator 5. m. estimator; rater ealona
v.t. 1. (a spatia, a aseza/ a dispune din loc
in loc) to space out
2. (plati) to spread out, to defer
3. (yacantele, programul de lucru etc.,
astfel meat sd nu se suprapund) to
stagger
eantion s.n. sample, pattern
~ concentrat - cluster sample
~ reprezentativ - quota/representative
sample
~ -tip - type sample
eantiona v.t. to sample
esantionare s.f. sampling
~ aleatorie - random sampling
~ cu faze multiple - multiphase
sampling
~ cvasialeatorie - quasi-random
sampling
~ diferentiala - differential sampling
~ in trepte - multistage sampling
~ la receptie - acceptance sampling
~ pentru masurarea umiditatii moisture sampling
~ prin cote - quota sampling
~ prin tragere la sorti - lottery
sampling
~ reprezentativa - representative
sampling
~ simpla - single sampling
~ succesiva - sequential sampling
esec.n. failure

149

~ al pietelor (sintagmd care

desemneazd e^ecul pietelor libere de a
permite o alocare eficientd a
resurselor, generdnd necesitatea
interventiei corectoare a autoritdtii
publice) market failure ~ al voiajului {mar.) failure of the voyage, frustration of
the adventure e$ua v./. 1. (mar.) to strand,
to ground, to get aground/on the ground, to
run aground 2. (despre negocieri) to fall
through
~ fara posibilitati de salvare - to
shipwreck
euare s.f. 1. {mar.) stranding,
grounding, running aground 2. {a negocierilor) falling through ~ accidentala
- accidentally stranding/running aground
~ din neglijenta - negligent aground ~
fortuita - fortuitous stranding ~ voluntara
- (pentru salvarea navei) voluntary
stranding
etala v.t. (mdrfuri, produse) to exhibit, to
expose, to display
etalare s.f. (de mdrfuri, produse)
exhibition, exposure, display etalons.n.
standard ~ al pretului - standard of price ~
-argint - silver standard ~ -aur - gold
standard ~ aur - devize - gold-exchange
standard
~ aur - lingouri - gold-bullion standard
~ automat - (fin.) automatic standard
~ de lucru/verificare - working standard
~ de referinta - reference standard
~ de valoare - standard of value
~ -devize - foreign currency standard

150

~ dublu/paralel - (fin.) double/parallel

standard
~ fictiv - (fin.) fiat standard
~ fiduciar - (fin.) fiduciary standard
~ -hartie - (fin.) paper standard
~ -marfa - (fin.) commodity standard
~ metalic unic - single standard
~ monetar - monetary standard
etalona v.t. to standardize
etapa s.f. stage, step
~ de fabricatie - processing stage
-delucru-job step
etatiza v.t. to nationalize
etatizare s.f. nationalization
eticheta v.t. to label; (o marfa) to ticket
(up); (a inregistra pe o fisd continutui
unei partide de mdrfuri) to docket; (a
atasa o etichetd/pldcutd mobild) to tag

etichetare s.f. labelling; (a unei mdrfi)

ticketing; {inregistrarea pe o fisd a
continutului unei partide de mdrfuri)
docketing; (atasarea unei etichete/

placufe mobile) tagging

eticheta s.f. label; (indicand continutui
unei partide de mdrfuri) docket;
{atasatd la mdrfuri, bagaje) tally;
(mobild) tag; (cu preful) ticket, sticker
~ colanta - adhesive label
~ cu adresa - address label
~ de ambalaj - packing label
euro s.m. (unitate monetard
europeand) euro
eurocapitals.n. Eurocapital
eurocard^./i. Eurocard
eurocec.s.n. Eurocheque
eurocrat s.m. (functionar al
organismelor europene) Eurocrat
eurocredit^.n. Eurocredit
eurodolars.m. Eurodollar
euroobligatiune s.f. Eurobond
europiata s.f. Euromarket

ETA-EVA

eurovaluta
s.f.
Eurocurrency,
Euromoney
evalua v.t. to evaluate, to value, to valuate,
to estimate, to appraise; (a calcula, a stabili)
to rate; (o proprietate pentru stabilirea
impozitelor, a asi-gurdrilor) to assess;
(daune) to adjust;
(a pretui, a stabili pretui) to price, to prize;
(la) to put (at) evaluabil adj. appraisable;
assessable:
rat(e)able
evaluare s.f. evaluation, valuation. estimate,
estimation, appraisal; (asig.. fin.) rating; (a
unei
proprietdti
pentru
stabilirea
impozitelor, a asigurdrilor) assessment; (a
daunelor) adjustment;
(stabilire a pretului) pricing; (a unei avert
funciare) (dr.) extent
a
activitatii
conducerii
management
appraisal
~
a
bonitatii/solvabilita^ii
credit
rating/status/standing
~ a costului unei activitati - (pentru
fabricarea unui produs) job(-order) costing
~ a costurilor directe - direct costing ~ a
costurilor exploatarii pe durata de viata (a unui utilaj) life-cycle costing
~ a flotei sau a parcului de autovehicule (in vederea asigurdrii) fleet rating
~ a marcii - (procesul prin care i se
ataseazd unei mdrci o valoare in foaia de
bilant a companiei) brand valuation ~ a
muncii - job evaluation, labof'1 grading
j ~ a postului - (pentru mcadrares intr-o
categoric de salarizare) joh| evaluation

EVA-EXE

~ a riscului - (asig.) estimate of the

risk
~ a riscului de tara - (fin.) country/
sovereign rating
~ a stocurilor - stock/inventory
valuation
~ actuariala - actuarial calculation
~ cadastrala - rat(e)able value
~ multipla a costului - multiple
costing
~ prudenta - conservative, estimate
~ standard a pretului :; cost standard costing
~ si optimizare - evaluation and
optimization
evaluator s.m. valuator, valuer,
appraiser, rater; (agent care fixeazd
impozitele sau evalueazd daunele)

assessor; (inspector de daune) adjuster

~ al pagubelor produse de incendii (angajat al unei societati de asigurare)
fire loss adjuster
evazionist s.m. (fiscal) tax dodger
evaziune s.f. evasion
~ fiscala - tax evasion/dodging
evidenta s.f. record; (situatie) situation
~ a platilor - (la un credit) payment
record
~ a vanzarilor - sales record
~ contabila - accounting, bookkeeping
evidente contabile - books of account
~ primare - (cont.) basic books
evita v.t. to avoid; (a eluda) to elude, to
evade, to escape; (plata impozitelor) to
dodge
evolutie s.f. evolution
~ in timp a creditului - credit history
excedent 5.n. excess, surplus, overplus;
spare; (de marfd pe piatd, supraproductie) glut

151

~ al activului fata de pasiv - excess of

assets over liabilities
~ al bugetului fiscal - fiscal drag
~ al exporturilor - export surplus
~ al importurilor - import surplus
~ al incasarilor fata de cheltuieli surplus of receipts over costs
~ bugetar - budget excess/surplus
~ de greutate - overweight,
overbalance
~ de stocuri - surplus stock
~ impozabil - taxable surplus
~ valoric - (cand valoarea de piatd a
activelor unei societati este mat mare

decdt valoarea contabila) appreciation

surplus
excedentar adj. excess...; (disponibil)
spare
exclude v.t. to exclude, to expel; (din
baron) to disbar
exclusiv adj. exclusive
excursie s.f. tour, excursion
~ cu itinerar prestabilit - {de agentia
turisticd) package tour
executa v.t. 1. (a mdeplini) to carry
out/through, to carry into effect, to
fulfil 2. (o obligatie, un contract) to
execute, to perform, to discharge; (o
comandd, iin comision) to fill 3. (un
debitor) to distrain; (o ipoteca) to
foreclose
~ contrarevizia vamala - (mar.) to
rerummage
~ revizia vamala - to rummage
executare s.f. 1. (a unei obligatii, a
unui contract) execution, performance,
discharge; (a unei comenzi, a unui
comision) fulfilment 2. (punere a unui
sechestru) distrainment; (pierderea
dreptului debitorului asupra bunului

152

ipotecat, din cauza depdsirii

termenului de scadentd) foreclosure ~
silita - execution debt enforcement;
(ydnzare la licitatie) compulsory/
forced sale
executiv adj. 1. executive 2. (executoriu) (dr.) executory, enforceable
executor s.m. executor; (care aplicd un
sechestrif) distrainer
~ judecatoresc - officer of the court,
official receiver
~ testamentar - executor
executoriu adj. (dr.) executory,
enforceable
exemplar s.n. 1. (model) sample,
pattern 2. (de carte etc.) copy 3. (al
unei cambii) via (of a bill of exchange)
~ unic al cambiei - single bill
exercita v.t. (a practica) to exercise, to
practise; (o profesie) to practise, to
pursue, to follow
exercitare s.f. (a unei profesii)
exercise, practice; (a unei functii)
tenure
~ anticipata - (a unui drept)
anticipation
exercitiu s.n. exercise
~ bugetar - budgetary year
~ financiar/fiscal - financial year,
accounting period/year, tax/taxable
year
~ trecut - (fin.) past year, period under
review
~ urmator - (fin.) next account
exigibil adj. exigible, demandable,
claimable; (despre impozite, datorii)
exactable, payable, due
exigibilitate s.f. payability
exilat^.m. exile

EXE-E

~ din motive fiscale - (persoand c se

expatriazd din cauza regimi fiscal) tax
exile
exod s.n, (scurgere defonduri) fligh ~
al capitalului - (dintr-o anumitd t in
strdindtate, cauzat de infli accentuatd,
instabilitate poliu fiscalitate excesivd)
flight of capi capital flight
exonera v.t. to exonerate; to dischai to
disburden
~ de raspundere - to exonerate fi
responsibility/liability,
to
relieve
responsibility/liability exorbitant adj.
exorbitant, hea steep; (despre impozite,
daune e swingeing
expansiune s.f. expansion ~ orizontala
- (extinderea unei a panii prin
dezvoltarea unor prod vdndute pe piete
similare si cu pr asemdndtor sou
mdrirea suprafi agricole) horizontal
expansion ~ verticala (cresterea
produc agricole prin imbundtdtirea
prod tivitdtii terenului cultivaf) vert
expansion
expatriat s.m. (persoand trimisd firma
unde este angajat sd lucreu strdindtate)
expatriate expectativa s.f. (nivel al
efortulid care un salariat considerd cd
treA sd-l depund pentru a-si inde^
sarcinile si obiectivele de lucru) (rat
expectancy; expectation
i
expedia v.t. to send (off); (prin po^ to
post; (bani) to remit; (mdrfurS forward;
(mdrfuri in consignati^ consign;
(urgent) to dispatch; (ram scrisoare
etc.) to express;

EXP-EXP

mesagerie) (SUA) to express; (pe cale

maritima) to ship
expediere s.f. sending; (prin postd) post;
(de bani) remittance; (de mdrfuri)
forwarding; (de mdrfuri in consignatie)
consignment; (urgentd) dispatch;
(rapidd a unei scrisori etc.) express;
(prin mesagerie) (SUA) express; (pe
mare) shipment, shipping
~ recomandata - (a unei scrisori)
registration
~ subvagonala - less-than-carload/-truckload consignment
~ transoceanica - (de mdrfuri) oceanic
shipment
~ vagonala - truckload consignment
expedierea in contui destinatarului charges forward
~ in contui expeditorului - charges
prepaid
expediter s.m. (al unei scrisori etc.)
sender, addresser; (de mar/a) (freight)
forwarder, forwarding agent;
(consignator) consignor; dispatcher;
(pe mare) shipper, shipping agent
expeditie s.f. sending; dispatch;
forwarding
~ maritima - marine/maritime
adventure, oversea(s) expedition
experiment s. n. experiment
~ la scara naturala - field experiment
expert s.m. expert, specialist;
appraiser; surveyor
~ autorizat - qualified expert
~ care declara un titru - assay master
~ contabil - chartered accountant;
(SUA) certified public accountant
~ de evaluare - appraiser, surveyor; (a
daunelor) (asig.) assessor, adjuster
~ de evaluare a avariei - (asig. mar.)
average adjuster/stater/taker

153

~ de tonaj - (mar.) tonnage surveyor

~ in statistica asigurarilor - actuary
~ in statistica petroliera - oil actuary
~ juridic - legal expert
~ maritim/naval - marine/maritime/
ship's surveyor
~ oficial - sworn surveyor
~ vamal - customs appraiser
expertiza v.t. to survey
expertiza s.f. 1. survey, expertise,
expert appraisement/examination 2.
(raport) expert's/surveyor's report
~ a unei lucrari - value work done
~ contradictorie - control/joint survey
~ de avarie - damage survey
~ de evaluare - valuation survey
~ profesionala - (cont.) professional
valuation
~ unilaterala - one-side survey
expira v.i. to expire; (despre un
contract) to fall in; (despre o politd de
asigurare) to lapse; (a ajunge la
scadentd) to fall/to become due
expirare s.f. (a unui termen etc.)
expiration, expiry; (a unei polite de
asigurare) lapse
explicatie s.f. (a unui articol din
registru) (cont.) narration
exploata v.t. 1. (p mind, un zdcdmdnt)
to exploit, to recover, to work(off);
(cdrbune) to get, to win 2. (a cultiva) to
cultivate, to farm 3. (o cale feratd, o navd
etc.) to operate; (un utilaj) to run 4.
(muncitorii) to sweat 5. (in interes propriu)
to exploit, to turn to one's account/profit;
(a profita de pe urma) to take advantage of
exploatare s.f. 1. (a unei mine, a unui
zdcdmdnt) exploitation, working; (de
cdrbune) getting, winning 2.
(a
pdmdntului) farming 3. (a unei cdi

154

ferate, a unei nave etc.) operation; {a

unui utilaj) running 4. (a muncitorilor)
sweating
~ de cariera quarrying
~ de cariera la zi - open quarrying
~ forestiera - forestry operation,
logging; (SUA) lumbering
~ miniera - mining
~ patronala - sweating system
~ piscicola - fishery
exploda v.i. (despre preturi) to boom
explora v.t. {a prospecta) to explore; (a
sondd) to probe; (mar.) to fathom
explorare s.f.
(prospectiune)
exploration; (sondare) probing, probe
explozie s.f. {a preturilor) boom
~ a preturilor - price boom
exponats.n. exhibit
export s.n. 1. export(s) 2. (exportare)
exportation
~ de capital - capital export
~ direct - direct export
~ global - total exports
exporturi invizibile - (export de
servicit) invisible exports
~ provizorii - (de marfuri folosite ca
mostre la expozitii, fdrd plata taxelor
vamale, ulterior reimportate)
temporary exports
~ vizibile - (export de marfuri) visible
exports
a face export - to do export trade
exporta v.t. to export
exportator adj. exporting s. m. exporter
~ exclusiv - sole exporter
expozant^.n;. exhibitor
expozitie s.f. exhibition, show, fair
~ agricola - agricultural exhibition
~ comerciala - trade exhibition
~ cu vanzare - sales exhibition
~ de automobile - motor show

EXP-E:

~ industrials - industrial exhibition

~ itinerants - travelling exhibition
~ specializata - specialized exhibitio
~ universala - world exhibition
expres adj. (c.f.) express adv. (desi
scrisori) posthaste
expresie s.f. expression
~ din limbajul comercial
commercialism
expropria v.t. to expropriate,
dispossess
expropriere s.f. expropriatu
dispossession, compulsory acquisitK
purchase/surrender
~ pentru utilitate publica
dispossession for public purposes
expune v.t. (marfuri, produse)
exhibit, to show, to display, to lay <
v.r. (unui rise) to incur, to expose
expunere s.f. 1. (de marfuri, prodie
exhibition, show, display 2. (la un re
exposure
~ la riscul fluctuatiei unei valutt
exchange rate exposure
~ la riscul ratei dobanzii - intea
rate exposure
externalitati s.f. pi (forma de esec
pietelor reprezentata prin nereflecta
la nivelul pretului pietei a unora da^
costurile sau beneficiile asocj{
productiei ori consumului) extemalil
~ de consum - (efect cauzat de situ^
in care un consumator influente^
direct productia sau consumul unuii
agent economic) consumpB
externalities
1
~ de productie - (efect cauzat J
situatia in care posibilitdtile de Jl
ductie ale unei intreprinderi
influentate de comportamentiil

EXT-EXT

intreprinderi sail de un consumator)

production externalities
extinde v.t. to extend; (piata de
desfacere) to widen v.r. to extend, to
expand; to widen; (despre o afacere) to
branch out
extindere s.f. extension, expansion;
widening
~ a cererii - (ca urmare a scdderii
preturilor) extension of demand
~ a domeniului unei activitati - (prin
mdrirea rdspunderii) job enrichment
~ a fondurilor fixe - (pentru mdrirea
capacitdtii de productie) capital
widening
~ a liniei de produse - line extension
~ a prelevarii de mostre - sampling
range
extorca v.t. to extort, to swindle
extorcare s.f. extortion, swindle
extra adj. superior
155

extrabugetar adj. outside the budget

extractiv adj. extractive
extractie s.f. extraction; production
~ de petrol - oil production
extrafin adj. extrafine, superfine
extras s.n. extract, abstract; (al
continutului unui document} docket
~ de cont - abstract/extract/statement
of account, bank statement
~ de cont de reconciliere - (in
evidentele contabile) reconciliation
statement
~ de cont descriptiv - descriptive
statement
~ de titlu de proprietate - (rezumat
scris al istoricului unui titlu de
proprietate asupra unui teren) abstract
of title
~ din registrul funciar - land register
extract

F
fabrica v.t. to manufacture, to fabricate,
to produce; (bani) to mint, to coin; (here)
to brew ~ in serie - to mass-produce
fabricant s.m. manufacturer, producer;
factory owner; (de here) brewer
fabricare s.f. manufacture, fabrication,
production; {de bani) mintage, coinage
~ asistata de calculator - computer-aided/-assisted manufacture
~ in serie de produse superioare quality-quantity production
~ in serie mare - large scale/series/
serialized production/manufacture,
wholesale manufacture
fabrica s.f. factory, enterprise, mill;
(mai mare) works, plant
~ de here - brewery
~ de caramizi - brickworks, brickyard
~ de cherestea - timber mill; (SUA)
lumbermill
~ de confectii - ready-made clothing
factory

~ de conserve - packing plant, canning

factory, cannery
~ de hartie - paper mill
~ de imprimeuri - printing plant
~ de incaltaminte - shoe factory
~ de mobila - furniture factory
~ de produse finite - finished products
factory
~ de textile - textile factory/mill
face v.t. 1. (a fabrica, a produce) to
make, to manufacture; (a executd) to
perform, to effect
~ afaceri cu - to deal with

~ afaceri pe baza de comision - to

commission business
~ comert cu - to deal in
~ cumparaturi - to shop
~ cunoscute toate detaliile - to st
full particulars
~ datorii - to get/to run into debts,
incur debts
~ escala - to call
~ fata competitiei - to m
competition
~ formalitatile vamale de sosire s
plecare - (despre o nova) to clear ou
~ inventarul - to make up
inventory, to take stock
~ mentiuni - (pe documented
transport} to clause
~ nul si neavenit - to render null i
void
~ o revizie contabila - to audit
~ o scurta vizita - (despre un ag,
comercial) to call on/upon
~ ore suplimentare - to overtime
~ propaganda electorala - to canva
~ reclama/publicitate - to advertise
a nu ~ fata (angajamentelor)*
default
'
facilita v.t. to facilitate
|
facilitate s.f. facility
~ de credit - credit facility
facilitati de plata - facilities
payment, easy payment/terms
~ de plata a impozitelor - tax bra
~ pentru export - export incentivt
facsimile.?!, facsimile
~ de semnatura - facsimile signat
~ de sigiliu - facsimile stamp

FAC-FAL

a reproduce in ~ - to facsimile factaj s.f.

carriage and delivery factor s.m.
1.
factor, coefficient 2. (institute financiard
care se anga-jeazd, contra unui comision,
sd preia creantele clientilor) factor 3.
(postal) postman, letter carrier
~ alfa - (evaluarea ratei de renta-bilitate a
actiunilor unei societdti fdrd raportarea la
indicele pietei bursiere) (bur.) alpha factor
~ beta - (coeficient care aratd mdsura in
care rata de rehabilitate a actiunilor unei
societdti variazd in functie de rata de
rehabilitate a indicelui pietei bursiere)
(bur.) beta factor ~ ciclic - cyclical factor ~
de decizie - decision maker, decisionmaking factor ~ de incarcare - loading
factor ~ de rise - risk factor ~ de siguranta
- safety factor ~ de utilizare - use factor
factori de nemultumire - (a sala-riatilor
fata de mediul in care lucreazd)
dissatisfiers ~ de productie - factors of
production factoring s.n. (metodd de
finantare prin care o societate transferd, in
schimbul oferirii unui comision, creantele
sale unei institutii financiare) factoring
factura v.t. to invoice, to bill ~ in minus to underinvoice ~ in plus - to overinvoice
facturare s.f. invoicing, billing ~
descriptive - descriptive billing ~ in
minus - underinvoicing ~ in plus overinvoicing ~ periodica - cycle billing
factura s.f. invoice, bill

157

~ a furnizorului - supplier's invoice

~ comerciala - commercial invoice
~ consulara - consular invoice
~ de consignatie - consignment
invoice
~ de cumparare - purchase invoice
~ de navlu - freight invoice/bill/note/
account
~ de vanzare - sale invoice
~ definitiva - final invoice
~ detaliata - itemized invoice
~ interna - (pentru mdrfuri vdndute pe
piata interna) inland invoice
~ legalizata - certified invoice
~ originala - original invoice
~ pro forma - (de complezenta) pro
forma invoice
~ provizorie - provisional invoice
~ vamala - customs invoice
facturier s.n. (cornet) invoice/sales
book s.m. (functionar care intocmeste
facturi) invoice/billing clerk
faliment s.n. bankruptcy, failure,
insolvency; (colaps) collapse, crash
~ fraudulos - fraudulent bankruptcy
a da ~ - to go/to mm bankrupt, to fail,
to fold up, to cease payments, to go
into liquidation, to collapse
a declara pe cineva in stare de ~ - to
adjuge smb. bankrupt
a se declara in stare de ~ - to file
one's petition in bankruptcy
falimentar adj. bankrupt, insolvent
falit adj. bankrupt, insolvent s.m.
bankrupt, defaulter
~ cu certificat de accident/ghinion (acordat de instantd, care certified
faptui cdfalimentui nu afost cauzat de
proasta conducere a afacerii, ci de un
accident) certified bankrupt
~ exonerat - discharged bankrupt

158

~ nereabilitat - undischarged bankrupt fals

adj. false, spurious, phon(e)y, fake(d), dud,
bogus, sham; (despre o bancnotd, un
document} forged; (despre monede,
metale) base, counterfeit, spurious;
(artificial) artificial s.n. false, fake,
forgery; (document fals) dud
falsifica v.t. 1. to falsify, to fake up;
(bancnote, documente) to forge; (con-turi,
registre etc.) to tamper with; (monede,
metale) to debase, to counterfeit;
(alimente etc.) to adulterate 2. (a denatura)
to distort, to misrepresent falsificare s.f. 1.
falsification,
fake;
(de
bancnote,
documente) forgery; (de conturi, registre
etc.) tampering; (a situatiei financiare, a
unui bilant) window dressing; (de monede,
metale) debasement, counterfeit; (de
alimente etc.)
adulteration
2.
(denaturare) distortion, misrepresentation
~ de moneda - coinage offence
falsificator s.m. falsifier; (de documente)
forger; (de bani) forger, counterfeiter,
coiner;
(de
conturi, registre etc.)
tamperer; (de alimente etc.) adulterator
familie s.f. family
~ cu doua venituri - (in care ambii pdrinti
sunt salariati) two-income family
farmaceutic adj. pharmaceutical fata s.f.
1. (avers al unei monede) obverse 2. (a
unei cambii, a unui titlu de valoare)
obverse favorabil adj. favourable,
auspicious;
(avantajos) advantageous, easy fara prep,
1. without 2. (raspundere, obligafii; termen
cu care seformeazd o serie de expresii
referitoare la

FAL-FA1

conditiile de asigurare si operare al

navei) free 3. (bur., fin.) ex.

~ a mai intarzia - without nirth<

delay
~ acoperire - (formula pe un cec) n
effects/funds; (despre actiuni, marfur
recolte care nu sunt disponibile in mt
mentui vdnzdrii, mizdndu-se pe obt
nerea lor pand la tranzactia efectivi

short
~ aducerea marfii pe chei - (mar
free from alongside
~ angajament - (din partea furn
zorului de a menfine un anumit pret I
livrare) (corn.) without engagemen
(clauzd de prudentd pe care andosana
o poate inscrie pe cambie) without o
liability
i
~ ateptarea randului - (la incarcaa
sau descdrcare) (mar.) free <
stem/turn
~ avarie - (asig. mar.) free of (al
average

~ avarie comuna - (asig. mar.) free <

general average
~ avarie particulars - (asig. mar
free of/from particular average
~ avarie particulars, numai daca esl
cauzata de - (asig. mar.) free <
particular average unless caused by
~ capitalizare - ex bonu
capitalization/scrip
~ captura de catre un stat strain
(as ig. mar.) free of foreign capture
~ captura i sechestrare - free (
capture and seizure
~ caric - (despre o navd in mca\
flying light
~ cheltuieli de folosire a macaraleli
portuare - free of all cranage

FAR-FID

~ comanda speciala
{despre
un ~ raspundere pentru avarii - free
produs) off-the-shelf
of/from damages
~ reciprocitate - nonreciprocity
~ comision de adresa
(mar.) free of
address commission
~ recurs/regres - (formula pe. o
~ comision de brokeraj - {mar.} free
cambie) without recourse
~ testament - intestate, ab intestat
of freight brokerage
~ cont - (formula pe un cec) no
~ valoare comerciala - no commercial
account
value
~ cupon - ex coupon
~ valoare nominala - {despre actiuni)
~ datorii - clear of debts, debtless;
no par value
federatie s.f. federation
(despre o afacere) afloat
~ de state - commonwealth
~ defect - flawless
fel s.n. (soi) kind, sort, grade,
~ dividend - ex dividend; {SUA)
description
dividend off
~ dobanda - ex interest
feribot s.n. ferryboat, ferry craft/vessel
~ cu cale ferata - railway ferry
~ dobanda capitalizata - (pe piata de
~ de automobile - carferry, car float
capital) flat
~ de mare tonaj - superferry
~ drepturi - (preferentiale la o noud
~ de marfuri - freighter-ferry
emisiune de actiuni) ex claim/new/
~ de pasageri - passenger ferryboat
rights
~ pe perna de aer - hoverferry; (pe
~ garantii/acoperire - (despre o tara
fluvii) hoverbus
consideratd ca avdnd un rise crescut de
ferma s.f. farm; {cu toate dependintele)
creditare} off-cover
farmstead, farmyard; {gospoddrie
~ impozit pe venit - free of income tax
tdrdneascd, casd de tara cu acareturi)
~ indemnizatie de celeritate - (in
homestead
operarea navel) free dispatch
~ avicola - poultry farm
~ instalatii de incarcare - (despre
~ de vaci de lapte - dairy farm
nava) gearless
~ industrials - factory farm
~ marfa - (despre nava) light-ship
~ mica - small holding
condition, no-cargo condition
~ zootehnica - livestock farm
~ mentiuni {despre un document de
fermier.?./. farmer
transport) clean
feroviar adj. railway s.m. railwayman
~ pierderi - free of losses
fertil adj. fertile, productive
~ prima de salvare - (asig. mar.)
without benefit of salvage
fertiliza v.t. to fertilize, to make fertile
~ profit - ex all
fezabil adj. feasible, workable
~ proprietar - ownerless
fezabilitate s.f. feasibility, workability
~ protest - (formula pe o cambie) no
fiabilitate s.f. reliability
noting
~ operationala - operational reliability
~ raspundere - free from liability
fictiv adj. fictitious, bogus, sham
Hdeicomis s.m. {dr.) trust

159

160

fideicomisiune s.f. (dr.) trusteeship

fidelitate s.f. (loialitate) loyalty
~ fata de marca - brand loyalty
fiduciar adj. fiduciary
Her s.n. iron
~ -beton - reinforcing iron/bars
~ forjat - wrought iron
~ vechi - scrap iron
filantropic adj. philanthropic(al),
eleemosynary
filatura s.f. spinning mill/works
filiala s.f. branch (office); subsidiary
(company)
financiar adj. financial
finanta v.t. to finance, to fund
Hnantare s.f. financing, funding
~ a deficitului bugetar - deficit
financing/spending
~ a proiectelor de investitii - project
financing
~ a vanzarilor in rate - instalment
sales financing
~ externa - outside financing
~ interimara - (imprumut pe termen
scurt pentru asigurarea unei finantdri
temporare pdnd cdnd se obtine un
imprumut permanent) bridge loan
~ interna - internal financing
~ la nivelul economiei nationale national economy finance
~ la nivelul intreprinderii - company/
corporate finance
~ mascata - backdoor financing
~ prin conturile de creante - accounts
receivable financing
~ prin emitere de actiuni comune equity financing
~ prin emitere de obligatiuni - bond
financing
~ spontana - (finantare, cum ar fi
creditui comercial, rezultatd din

FID

derularea normald a unei afac

spontaneous financing
finante s.f. pi. finance(s)
~ manageriale - managerial finana
~ publice - public finance
finisa v.t. to finish
finisaj s.n. finish
~ superior - high/superior finish
firma s.f. 1. (comerciala) (commen
firm, house (of business) 2. (insert
signboard
~ cu sucursale multiple - muh
firm
~ cu vanzare pe baza de conn
prin posta - mail-order house
~ de brokeri - commission house
~ de expeditii - forwarding house
~ de export - export house
~ de factoring - (institutie finana
care se angajeazd, contra i
comision, sd preia creantele cliena
factor
~ de transporturi maritime
shipping company
~ de transporturi rutiere - haul(i)l
~ dominanta - dominant firm
~ recalcitranta - {firma. care inca
sd-si mentind independenta fata dk

cartel) recalcitrant firm

~ serioasa - reliable firm, safe hoia
~ solvabila - trustworthy/sound fifl
~ specializata intr-o singura gl
linie de produse - single-line firm
~ -tinta - (companie pe care o i
firma doreste sd o achizitioneze} U
firm
i
fisa s.f. 1. (de telefon) coin 2-1
jocuri) counter, fish
<
fisc s.n. inland revenue
'
fiscal
adj.
fiscal

FIS-FLO

fiscalitate s.f. fiscality, taxation

policy/system
fisa s.f. slip, sheet; (de cartoteca)
(index) card; (indicdnd continutui unei
partide de mdrfuri) docket
~ a salariatului - (cu date despre
studii, experienfd, calificare etc.)
personnel specification
~ cu specimene de semnaturi (document completat la deschiderea
unui cont sau a unui depozit de titluri)
signature card
~ de calcul al salariului - (care
insoteste piata acestuid) payslip
~ de evidenta - register card
~ de identificare - (a continutului si a
cantitdtii unei Idzi) bin card
~ de lucru - (cu instructiuni pentru
indeplinirea unei anumite sarcini) job

ticket
~ de pontaj - (pentru marfa incdrcatd
sau descdrcatd) cargo/tally sheet; time
card/sheet
~ personala - record
~ tehnologica - operation sheet
fisic s.n. (de bani) roll of money '
Hsier s.n. \. (catalog, cartoteca) card
index 2. (dulap) filing/card index
cabinet
fixa v.t. 1. (o data, o sarcind) to assign;
(un termen, o data) to appoint, to
nominate; (un pret etc.) to fix, to state, to
settle; (conditii, clauze) to lay down, to
stipulate, to set forth; (suma impozitelor, a
despdgubirilor) to assess 2. to fasten, to
secure, to fix
Hxare s.f. 1. (a unei date, a unei sarcini)
assignment; (a unui termen, a unei date)
appointment, nomination; (a unui pret etc.)
fixing, settlement; (de conditii, clause)
stipulation; (a sumei

161

impozitelor, a

despdgubirilor)

assessment 2. fastening, securing,

fixing
~ a despagubirilor assessment of
damages
~ a pretului - pricing, price fixing
~ a pretului de patrundere pe piata penetration pricing
~ a pretului in functie de pretui
director - price leadership
~ a pretului la discretie - (de cdtre
intermediar) price discretion
~ a preturilor prin tatonari - fixing
prices by trial and error
~ de preturi multiple - (in functie de
specificul pietelor) multiple pricing
fixing s.n. (al cursurilor de schimb, al
pretului aurului la bursa) fixing
flexibilitate s.f. flexibility
~ a impozitarii - flexibility of taxation
~ a preturilor - price flexibility
~ a salariului - wage flexibility
~ economica - economic adaptiveness
flotant adj. floating
flotare s.f. (fin.) floating
~ a cursurilor valutare - (cotare
liberd a valutelor pe pietele valutare,
cursul valutar fund influentat de evenimentele economice si monetare din
fiecare tard si de pe piata mondiald)
rate of exchange floatation
~ concertata/in grup - (sistem ce
implied existenta unui aranjament intre
un grup de state, care convin ca intre
monedele lor sd existe cursuri stabile)
concerted floating
~ impura/controlata - (situatie in
care evolutia cursului de schimb al
unei monede este influentatd de interventia pe piata a autoritdtii emitente)
impure floating

162

~ independenta/singulara/ neconcertata - (situatie in care cursul de schimb al

unei monede evolueazd pe piafd
independent de evolutia altor volute)
independent floating ~ pura/libera (situatie in care cursul unei volute se
formeazd spontan pe piata valutard, fdrd
interventia autoritdtilor monetare din
tara emitenta) pure floating flota s.f. fleet ~
aeriana - air fleet
~ comerciala - merchant fleet/service,
commercial fleet
~ comerciala maritima - shipping, marine
~ de cabotaj - coastal/coastwise fleet ~ de
linie - liner fleet
~ de mineraliere - ore (-carrying) fleet ~
de nave frigorifice - refrigerated shipping
~ de pescuit - fishing fleet ~ de pescuit
oceanic - deep-sea fishing fleet
~ de petroliere - tanker fleet ~ de
remorchere - towing/tug fleet ~ de slepuri
- barge fleet ~ de transport - cargo
shipping ~ de traulere - trawler fleet ~ de
vrachiere - bulk-carrier fleet ~ fluviala river fleet ~ maritima - maritime/sea fleet
~ mondiala - world fleet/shipping ~
oceanica - ocean (-going) fleet fluctua v.i.
to fluctuate fluctuant adj. fluctuating,
varying
fluctuatie
s.f.
fluctuation,
variation, swing; (a mdinii de lucru)
turnover ~ a fortei de munca - labour
turnover ~ a numarului de salariati employee turnover

FLO-FLU

~ a preturilor - price fluctuation'

movement
~ dirijata - {a unei volute declaratd
liber a} dirty float
~ salariala - wage drift
~ sezoniera - seasonal fluctuation
~ usoara - slight fluctuation
fluctuatii ale cursului de schimb exchange fluctuations
~ ale pietei - fluctuations of the
market, market fluctuations
~ ciclice - cyclical fluctuations
~ economice - economic fluctuations
a suferi ~ - to undergo fluctuations
fluturas s.m. (care se distribute in
magazine, pe stradd etc.) throwaway,
handbill
flux^./?. flow
~ brut de numerar - gross cash flow
~ circular - (transferul continuu, in
ambele sensuri, de plati si incasan
intre consumatori si producdtori)
circular flow
~ de activitate - flow of work
~ de fonduri - flow of funds
~ de iesire de numerar - cash outflow
~ de intrare de numerar - cadi
inflow
~ de numerar - (yaloarea netd reaW
de numerar, deosebitd de profit
contabil, care intrd sau iese din fim
intr-o perioadd determinata) flow
funds, cash flow/generation
~ de numerar actualizat - (metodd t
evaluare a optiunilor de investiti
discounted cash flow
~ de numerar incremental - {flu.
de numerar net care poate fi atrih
unui protect de investitiii) incremer
cash flow

FLU-FON

~ de numerar suplimentar - (pe care o

societate il poate cheltui pentru dezvoltare)
excess cash flow ~ economic - economic
flow ~ financiar - financial flow ~ real (circulatia bunurilor si a serviciilor) real
flow
foaie s.f. 1. (coala) sheet; (pagina) page 2.
(dintr-un registru de conta-bilitate) folio
~ de cupoane - coupon sheet ~ de drum route sheet; (justificativa) travelling
warrant ~ de expeditie - docket - de hartie
de ambalaj - wrapper sheet
~ de livrare - delivery bill/note ~ de
pontaj - time card/sheet/ticket ~ de
reclama - sales leaflet ~ volanta (prospect) leaflet folosi v.t. to utilize, to
employ ~ o cambie de complezenta - to
kite folosire s.f. utilization, employment ~
a unei cambii de complezenta - kite
flying
~ completa a fortei de munca - full
employment
~ ilegala a fortei de munca - unfair labour
practice
~ incompleta a fortei de munca -(sub
calificarea ei sau prin organizare)
underemp loyment fonds.n. fund; capital ~
acumulat/de rezerva - (pentru investitii)
reserve fund ~ circulant - (din care se
imprumutd bani si in care se reintorc
creditele acordate
cu
dobdnda
aferenta)
revolving
fund;
(fond
guvernamental
destinat
finantdrii
serviciilor publice) (SUA) revolving fund

163

~ comercial - (active intangibile ale

uneifirme, calculate ca diferenta dintre
pretui platit pentru compania in functiune
si valoarea activelor) goodwill
~ comun - pool
~ de ajutor/asistenta - relief fund ~ de
amortizare
depreciation/
redemption/sinking fund ~ de asigurare
pentru somaj -unemployment fund ~ de
asigurari - insurance fund ~ de asigurari
sociale - welfare/ provident fund
~
de
compensare
(bur.)
compensation fund
~ de dezvoltare - development fund ~ de
garantie - guarantee fund ~ de pensii pension/retiring/ superannuation fund
~ de plasament in valori imobiliare -real
estate investment trust ~ de plasament in
valori mobiliare -security investment trust
~ de plasament mixt - (atdt in valori
mobiliare, cat si in valori imobiliare)
mixed investment trust ~ de prevedere (cont.) contingency account/fund/reserve
~
de
regularizare/compensare
valutara - equalization fund ~ de rezerva reserve/surplus fund ~ de rezerva de
rambursare a capitalului - (subscris de
detindtorii de actiuni preferentiale ai unei
societdti) capital redemption reserve fund
~ de rezerva pentru creante dubioase (fond bancar) reserve against bad and
doubtful debts

164

~ de rezerva pentru datorii - liability

reserve
~ de rulment - circulating/working
capital, floating/circulating assets
~ de rulment net - net working capital
~ de salarii - wage fund
~ de stabilizare - (a monedei
nationale) stabilization fund
~ de tranzactionare a optiunilor option fund
~ iiduciar - trust fund
~ forestier - standing timber
~ funciar - land resources
~ inactiv/neproductiv - unemployed
fund
~ mutual - mutual fund, unit trust,
trust company; (cu investitii in alte
fonduri} fund fund
~ mutual administrat - (de manageri
profesionisti) managed fund
~ mutual cu investitii pe termen
scurt - performance fund
~ mutual cu investitii speculative pe
termen scurt - go-go fund
~ mutual cu plasamente foarte
avantajoase (msd cu un grad de rise
mai ridicaf) high-yielding fund
~ mutual cu plasamente in actiuni
comune - equity fund, common stock
fund
~ mutual de castig - (care realizeazd
cele mai avantajoase plasamente
pentru a obtine cdstigul maxim posibil)
income fund
~ mutual de dezvoltare - (cu investitii
pe termen lung) growth fund
~ mutual de investitii in obligatiuni
municipale - municipal bond fund
~ mutual de schimb - (al titlurilor de
valoare detinute de investitori pentru

FON-f

actiuni in fondul respective excha

fund
~ mutual deschis - {care emite in r,
constant actiuni not) open-end fund
~ mutual echilibrat - (care invest
proportional in actiuni comune, acti
preferentiale si obligatiuni) balan
fund
~ mutual inchis - (care a inch
emisiunea de actiuni) closed-end/
fund
~ mutual principal - (care invesb
in alte fonduri) master trust
~ mutual protejat - (care acop
eventualele pierderi cauzate de J
derea valorii unor titluri prin inves
in alte titluri cu perspective
crestere) hedge fund
~ mutual raportat la un indio
(fond al cdrui portofoliu corespu
unui indice oficial) index fund
~ mutual specializat - (in ania
tipuri de investitii) speciality fund
~ necompensat - (formula pe un t
effects not cleared
~ nelichid - unrealizable capital
~ neutilizat/fara destinatie special
unappropriated/unapplied fund
~ pentru manco de casa - risk moa
~ statutar - statutory fund
fonduri ale actionarilor - (in tern
contabili, valoarea activelor fw
minus pasivul) shareholders' funds :
~ de garantie/acoperire - cover fu| ~
de
rezerva
pentru
cheltuieli
neprevazute/urgente - (la o banca)
emergency reserves
~ disponibile - disposable/available
funds
~ fixe - capital assets/goods

FON-FOR

~ proprii - (totalul capitalurilor care

apartin unei companii si nu sunt
imprumutate) capital resources ~
suplimentare necesare - (pe care o firmd
trebuie so. Ie obtind din exterior prin
imprumut sau vdnzare de actiuni)
additional funds needed fonda v.t. to
found; to establish, to promote, to set up
fondare s.f. foundation; establishment,
promotion
fondator s.m. founder, promoter ~ al unei
societati - company promoter fora v.;. to
drill foraj s.n. drilling
~ de prospectiune - exploration/ wildcat
drilling, wildcatting ~ de sonde de petrol petroleum drilling
~ in largul marii - offshore/deep-sea
drilling
forestier adj. forest...
forfetar adj. lump forma v.t.
to form
~ de rezerva pentru creante dubioase (fond bancar) reserve against bad and
doubtful debts ~ un cartel - to pool
~ un consortiu/sindicat patronal - to
syndicate
~ un monopol - to comer formalitate s.f.
formality, formal procedure
~ legala - statutory formality formalitati
vamale - customs clearance, procedure
of customs formare s.f. 1. formation 2.
(instruire, pregdtire) training ~ a cadrelor
- personnel training

165

~ a cadrelor de conducere management training, executive

development
~ a capitalului propriu - equity
capital formation
~ a unui cartel - pooling
~ bruta de capital fix - gross fixed
capital formation
~ in afara locului de munca - off-the-job training
~ la locul de munca -job training
~ neta de capital fix - net fixed capital
formation
~ profesionala - vocational training
format s.n. size; (de carte) format
~ obisnuit - regular size
formular s.n. (print/printed) form;
(blancheta) (paper) blank
~ administrativ - office form
~ de cec - cheque form
~ de cerere - form of application,
application form
~ de cerere de credit - loan
application form
~ de cerere de subscriere la actiuni letter of application
~ de chitanta - form of receipt
~ de comanda - order form
~ de declaratie de venituri - (pentru
impunere) form of return
- de impunere - tax form
~ de oferta - (la licitatie) form of
tender
~ de procura - form of proxy
~ de repartizare a actiunilor - share
allotment form
~ de subscriere - subscription form
~ de telegrama - telegram form
~ din ziua declararii numelor - (prin
care brokerul li oferd vdnzdtorului

166

informatii despre cumpdrdtor) {bur.)

name-ticket forta s.f. force
~ de munca - labour force, manpower ~ de
munca excedentara - surplus labour
~ de munca exploatata - sweated labour
~ de munca ieftina - cheap labour ~ de
munca necalificata - unskilled/ common
labour
~ de munca temporara - casual labour
~ majora - act of God, cause beyond
control
forte de productie - productive/
production forces fragil adj. breakable
fraht s.n. consignment note, waybill,
freight document
~ aerian - air consignment note/ waybill
franca v.t. to frank, to prepay, to stamp
francat adj. postpaid, postage paid ~
insuficient - (despre o scrisoare) shortpaid
franco adv. (corn.) free ~ bord - free on
board ~ bord stivuit si fara cheltuieli de
descarcare - free on board and stowed and
free discharging
~ bord si rujat - free on board and free
trimmed
~ camion - free on truck ~ carau - free
carrier ~ chei - free alongside quay ~ de-a
lungul navei - free alongside ship/vessel
~ depozit - free into store, free entrepot ~
domiciliu - free delivered/domicile

FOR-FRU

~ frontiera - free border

~ in bazinul portuar - free dock
~ nava - free on ship/ vessel
~ peste bord - free overboard/overside
~ lep - free into barge
~ transport - carriage free
~ vagon - free on rail/truck
franizat s.m. (cesionar al unei
fransize) (corn.) manufacturer's agent
fransiza s.f. 1. (corn.) franchise 2. (in
asigurdrile maritime, valoare a pierderii sub care societatea de asigurdri
nu este obligatd sd acorde nici un fel
de despdgubire, dar peste care trebuie
so. ofere despdgubiri complete}
franchise
franizor s.m. (cedent al unei fransize}
(corn.) franchiser
frauda s.f. fraud, embezzlement,
defalcation
fraudulos adj. fraudulent
frecare s.f. abrasion
~ a monedei - (ca urmare a circulatiei, rezultdnd o diminuare
greutdtii) abrasion of coin
frigorifer s.n. refrigerating machine;
refrigeration plant
frigotehnica s.f. refrigeration
frigotehnist^.m. refrigerationist
s
front s.n. front, face
~ al cheiurilor - quayage, frontage
~ de abataj - face of workings
~ de dane - berthage, berthing space
~ de exploatare - (intr-o cariert
quarry face
frontiers s.f. frontier, border
~- a eficientei - (indicatorii cei im
favorabili din punctui de vedere

riscului si al rentabilitdtii) {fin

efficient frontier
fructifer adj. fruit-bearing, fructifero<<

FUN-FUR

funciar adj. ground..., land(ed)... functie

s.f. 1. function 2. (slujbd) job;
(post) post, position, office
~ a cererii - demand schedule
~ a ofertei - supply schedule
~ amovibila - revocable post
~ de consum - consumption function
~ de manager - managership
~ de productie - production function
~ de stimulare a vanzarilor - (relatia
dintre activitatea de marketing si
nivelul vanzarilor) sales response
function
~ de utilitate - utility function
~ publica - public office
~ superioara - seniority
functii pe servicii - departmental
functions
functiona v.i. 1. to function 2. (despre
o marina) to run, to work
functional adj. functional
functionar s.m. office bearer/holder;
(public, civil, ecleziastic; secretar)

officer; {de birou) office worker; (de

staf) public/civil servant, official,
functionary; (comercial; secretar) clerk
~ inferior/subaltern - junior clerk/
officer
~ la ghiseui unei banci - bank teller
~ la oficiul postal - mail teller
~ public/de stat - public/civil servant,
(public) official
~ responsabil cu clasarea
documentelor - filing clerk
~ responsabil cu corespondenta correspondence clerk
~ responsabil cu relatiile cu publicul
- public relations officer
~ superior - high official, officer of
state; executive officer; {din

167

conducerea unei societdti) company

officer
~ vamal - revenue/customs officer,
searcher
fundatie s.f. (institutie) endowed
establishment/institution, endowment,
foundation
funt s.m. (imitate de mdsurd pentru
greutate) pound
fura v.t. to steal, to thieve; (a jefui) to
rob; (in cantitdti mid) to pilfer
furaj s.n. forage, fodder
furgoneta s.f. van, utility car/vehicle;
(pentru livrdri) delivery car/van
furnituri s.f. pi. (mar/a, obiecte
furnizate) supply of goods/materials,
supplies; (rechizite) requisites; {textile)
appurtenances, trimmings, furnishings
~ de birou - office stationery
~ maritime - ship chandlery
furniza v.t. to supply, to furnish (with),
to purvey; (a livrd) to deliver v.i. to
purvey (for); (alimente si servicii) to
cater (for)
furnizare s.f. supply, furnishing,
purveyance; (livrare) delivery; (de
alimente si servicii) catering
furnizor s.m. supplier, (supply)
contractor, purveyor; {de echipamenf)
outfitter; (mai ales de mobila)
furnisher; (de alimente) victualler,
provider
~ de alimente - victualler
~ de alimente si servicii - caterer
- intermediar - subcontractor
~ maritim/naval - ship chandler
furt s. n. 1. theft; (jaf) robbery;
(mdrunt) pilferage 2. (dr.) larceny ~
calificat - (dr.) aggravated theft ~ din
magazin - shoplifting

168

~ marunt/sub o anumita valoare (dr.) petty larceny

~ peste o anumita valoare - (dr.)
grand larceny
~ prin efractie - burglary
furturi i furtiaguri - {asig.) theft
and pilferage
fuss.n. shaft
~ orar - hour/time zone
fuziona v.;'. to merge, to amalgamate,
to fuse

fuziune s.f. merger, merging,

amalgamation, fusion
~ congenera - (intre firme din aceeasi
Industrie in care partenerii de fuziune
FUR-F1

nu sunt nici clientii, nici furnizc uneia

dintre ele) congeneric merger ~ conglomerat - (intre societdti i
industrii diferite) conglomerate merg ~
operationala - (fuziune prin a sunt
integrate operatiunile a dc companii in
speranta obfinerii ui wantage
sinergetice) operating merg ~
orizontala - (fuziunea a doua fir, care
produc acelasi tip de bunuri .1 servicii)
horizontal merger ~ prin absorbtie merger absorption
~ verticala - (achizitia unei firme catre
unul dintre furnizori sau alia vertical
merger

G
gabarit^.M. overall size/dimension
~ al marfii stivuite - (mar.) stowing
dimension
gaj s.n. pledge, gage, lien
~ cu deposedare - unredeemed pledge
~ fara deposedare - redeemed pledge
a da/a pune in ~ - to pledge, to gage,
to put in pledge
a scoate din ~ - to redeem a pledge, to
take out of pledge.
galantar s.n. shop window/front,
showcase
galanterie s.f. 1. (prdvalie)
haberdasher's, hosier's 2. (obiecte)
narrow goods; (de bdrbat) men's
haberdashery; (de dama) hosiery
galon s.n. (unitate de mdsurd pentru
capacitate) gallon
gama s.f. scale, range
~ de preturi - scale of prices
~ de produse - range/portfolio of
products
~ sortimentala - product mix/range
garant s.m. guarantor, surety,
warrantor, bail, bondsman
a fi ~ pentru - to stand surety for
garanta v.t. to guarantee, to warrant, to
secure; (bur., fin.) to cover
~ pentru - to stand security for, to
go/to become bail/security for
garantat adj. guaranteed, warranted,
secured; (bur., fin.) covered
~ prin obligatiuni - bonded
(de calitate etc.) platd)
(colateral, un imprumut)

collateral; (fond de
acoperire/garantie
pentru un imprumut,
o tranzactie) cover,
coverage; (a
executdrii unui contract) pledge, guaranty;
(sumd cerutd ca avans pentru datorii sau
daune eventuale ori pentru indeplinirea
obligatiilor contractuale) caution
money; (cerutd exportatorilor) tender
guarantee; (cautiune) bail 2. (acord,
contract de garantie de platd) bond ~
bancara - bank guarantee ~ colaterala (pentru un imprumut) collateral
~ contra riscurilor la export - export risk
guarantee
~ corespunzatoare - adequate security ~
de calitate - warranty of quality ~ de
executare - (a contractului) performance
guarantee ~ de navigabilitate - (mar.)
warranty of seaworthiness
~ exagerata - excessive guarantee ~
expresa - express warranty ~ fiduciara (document care garan-teazd ca
proprietatea mcredintatd unui
administrator fiduciar nu va suferi nici o
daund din cauza acestuia) fiduciary bond
~ fixa - (dreptui creditorului fiind limitat la
un anumit activ al unei societdti) fixed
charge ~ flotanta - (dreptui creditorului
guaranty, pledge; extinzdndu-se la toate activele unei
societdfi) floating charge ~
guvernamentala - government security ~
imobiliara - pledge of real property
garantie s.f. 1.
warranty; (de
guarantee, surety,
garantie pentru

170

~ implicita - (asig.) implied warranty

~ mobiliara - pledge of movables,
personal security
~ nula - (proprietate industrials ce nu
poate servi drept grantie bancard dacd
nu este in exploatare) dead security
~ pe baza de depozit i credit deposit-cum-credit guarantee
~ permanenta - continuing guarantee
~ reala - (dr.) corporal security
~ serioasa - trustworthy guarantee
~ solidara - (dr.) joint guarantee/
surety
~ solida - reliable guarantee
~ suplimentara - additional security
~ unica - single guarantee
a da ~ - to warrant
gara s.f. (railway) station; (SUA) depot
~ de calatori - passenger station
~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel/
packet station
~ de frontiera - border/frontier station
~ de marfuri - goods station
~ de tranzit - transit station
~ de triaj - marshalling yard
~ maritima - harbour station
~ terminus - terminal, terminus
garderoba s.f. cloakroom; (SUA)
checkroom
gazs.n. gas

~ Uchefiat - liquefied gas

~ natural - natural gas
~ natural lichefiat - liquefied natural
gas

~ petrolier lichefiat - liquefied

petroleum gas
~ petrolier lichid - liquid petroleum
gas

gazdui v.t. to house, to lodge, to

accommodate

GAR-GH1

general adj. 1. general; (global)

overall, global 2. (incluzand toate
cheltuielile, riscurile etc.) all-in
generator adj. generating s.n.
generator
~ de venit pasiv - passive income
generator
geodezie s.f. geodesy, geodetics
geografie s.f. geography
~ comerciala - commercial geography
~ economica - economic geography
gera v.t. to manage, to run; to
administer, to administrate
gerant adj. managing
gestiona v.t. to administer, to
administrate; to manage
gestiune
s.f.
administration;
management
~ a activelor - asset management
~ a creditelor - credit management
~ a datelor - data management
~ a datoriei - debt management
~ a inventarului - inventory
administration/control
~ a intreprinderii - enterprise
management
~ a lichiditatilor - cash management
~ a riscurilor - risk management
~ a stocurilor - stock administration./
control
~ bugetara - budget/budgetary
administration
~ economica - economic
administration/management
~ financiara - financial management
~ greita - mismanagement
ghid s.m. (persoana) guide s.n.
guide(book), handbook; (care cuprinde
unitatile monetare, de mdsura ale mai
multor tari) cambist
~ rutier - roadbook

GHI-GRA

~ turistic - tourist guidebook, traveller's

handbook
ghiseu s.n. counter, wicket; pay desk/
office; {c.f.) (booking-office) window;
(la teatru sau cinematograf) box-office
(window)
~ de informatii - information desk girs.n.
{andosare) endorsement ~ conditional qualified endorsement ~ de complezenta accommodation endorsement
~ in alb - blank endorsement gira v.t. 1. (a
andosd) to endorse 2. (a garanta) to
warrant, to guarantee girant s.m.
(andosant, andosator) endorser
giratar^.m. (andosatar) endorsee global
adj. global, total, aggregate, gross,
overall;
{despre
preturi, cheltuieli)
overhead; all-round/-in globalizare s.f.
globalisation glont s.n. (imprumut
rambursat intr-o singurd transd la
sfdrsitui perioadei scadente) bullet
gol s.n. {spatiu gol, vid) emptiness, void
~ de productie - idle/slack time,
bottleneck
gospodar adj. (econom) thrifty s.m. 1.
householder 2. (bun administrator) good
manager
gospodari v.t. (a conduce, a admi-nistrd)
to manage, to administer v.i. to keep house,
to manage a household v.r. to set up house
gospodarie s.f. 1. household 2. {menaj)
housekeeping; menage 3. {administrate,
administrare) husbandry ~ agricola homestead ~ agricola colectiva collective farm ~ agricola de stat - state
farm

171

~ comunala/municipala - communal
husbandry, town management, utility
~ individuals - individual farm
gospodina s.f. housekeeper
grad s.n. 1. (in matematicd, tehnicd
etc.) degree 2. (rang) rank, degree 3.
(de apreciere) extent, rate, level
~ de avarie - extent of the damage
~ de fiscalitate - taxation degree
~ de folosire a fortei de munca - rate
of work
~ de tranzactionare - {bur., fin.)
marketability
~ de uzura - rate of wear
grafic s.n. diagram, graph, chart,
schedule
~ al pragului de rentabilitate breakeven chart, profitgraph
~ al cererii - demand schedule
~ cu baloane - {in care societdtile sau
produsele sunt reprezentate prin
cercuri/baloane proportionale ca
mdrime cu puterea competitivd
ca
exprimatd prin volumul vdnzdrilor,
active sau cota depiatd) bubble chart
~ de incarcare - diagram of loading
~ de operatii - operation chart
~ de prioritate - priority schedule
~ de transport - {mar.) shipping
schedule
granita s.f. border, frontier
gratificatie s.f. bonus, bounty
gratis adv. gratis, without payment,
free of charge
gratuit adj. gratuitous, gratis,
chargeless, costless, free (of charge),
for free, at no charge adv. gratuitously
gratuitate s.f. gratuitousness
gramada s.f. {vrac) bulk
grane s.f. pi. grain, corn; {cereale)
cereals

172

GRA-GRE

grau s.n. wheat; grain, corn

grefa s.f. (dr.) office of the clerk of the
court, clerk of the court's office, record
office
grefier s.m. (dr.) clerk of the court,
recorder
greseala s.f. mistake; (eroare) error
~ de copiere - clerical error
~ de tipar - printer's error
greutate s.f. weight; (sarcind) burden;

~ moarta - (care nu aduce navlii)

{mar.) deadweight
~ monetara - nummary weight
~ netaxata - weight allowed free
~ neta - net weight
~ neta a caricului descarcat - (mar.)
outturn (weight)
~ neta a tarei - net tare
~ neta efectiva/reala - net net weight
~ predata - delivered weight

(incdrcdturd) load

~ proprie - (a unui vehicul, a unei

nave) deadweight

~ a carcasei/a animalului taiat si

curatat - carcass weight
~ a caricului - cargo/shipping weight
~ a lotului de marfa - weight of parcel
~ a marfii descarcate - land/landed/
landing weight
~ a marfii in vrac - bulk weight
~ a marfii incarcate - loaded weight
~ a navei goale - (mar.) light
displacement/weight, light ship/vessel,
lightweight tonnage, unloaded
displacement
~ bruta - (marfa cu ambalaj)
gross/tare weight
~ consemnata in warant - warrant
weight
~ cu ambalaj - packed weight
~ de sacrificare - slaughter weight
~ descarcata/predata - outturn weight
~ estimata - estimated weight
~ estimata a ambalajului - estimated
tare
~ -etalon - standard of weight, test
weight
~ excedentara - overweight
~ in livre - poundage
~ in minus - (la predare) short weight
~ incarcata - (mar.) shipped weight
~ legala a tarei - legal tare
~ maxima - all-up weight

~ proprie/fara incarcatura - weight

empty, sole weight
~ reala a tarei - clear/real tare
~ specifica - specific gravity
~ stabilita de incarcator - (mar.)
shipper's weight
~ sub cea normala/permisa underweight
~ suplimentara - extra weight
~ si continut necunoscute - (mentiune
intr-un conosament) (mar.) weight and

content unknown
~ totala - total weight
~ unitara - unit weight
~ utila - useful weight
~ uzuala a tarei - usual tare
~ , valoare si continut necunoscute {mentiune intr-un conosament) {mar.)

weight, value and content unknown

~ vie (a animalului inainte de tdiere)
live weight
~ volumetrica - weight by volume,
bulk density
greva v.i. (dr.) to encumber, to burden
greva s.f. strike, work stoppage,
suspension of work, walkout; industrial
action
~ a consumatorilor - consumer strike
~ a cumparatorilor - buyers' strike

GRE-GUV

~ a foamei - hunger strike ~ autorizata official strike ~ de avertisment warning/token strike

~ de delimitare - (grevd cauzatd de
conflictui apdrut intre sindicate cu privire
la ce categoric de muncitori ar trebui sd
execute anumite tipuri de lucrdri) (SUA)
jurisdictional strike ~ de protest - protest
strike ~ Ae siAiAaritate - sympathetic
striKe ~ -fulger/spontana - lightning strike
~ generala - general strike ~ italiana/la
locul de munca - sit--down/-in strike
~ neautorizata - unofficial strike; (de
sindicaf} wildcat strike ~ patronala
(inchiderea fabricii de cdtre patronat pe o
anumitd perioadd pentru a nu satisface
revendicdrile salariatilor) lockout ~
perlata - go-slow (strike) a chema la ~ - to
call out a declara ~ - to call a strike a face
~ - to (go on) strike, to walk out, to stop
work
a fi in ~ - to be on strike a intra in ~ - to
come out on strike grevist s.m. striker,
work(man) on strike
grila s.f. grid; scale
~ de aprovizionare - (model al acti-vitdtii
de aprovizionare industrials) buygrid ~ de
salarizare - pay/salary scale

173

~ manageriala - (sistem de evaluare a

competentei manageriale) managerial grid
grup s.n. 1. group; cluster 2. (cere de
persoane
cu
interese
economice
comune sustinute pe cdi ilegale) ring ~ de
activitati analoage -job family ~ de
brokeri neoficiali - coulisse ~ de interese
- (economice) vested interests; (corporatie,
grup de oameni ae afaceri care soYicita
faciYitdfi, mdeosebi de naturd legislativa}
special interest
~ de presiune - lobby ~ de studiere a
cerintelor consu-matorilor - aspirational
group ~ socioeconomic - socioeconomic
grade
~ strategic - (grup de societdti cu pondere
importantd in cadrul unei industrii care
urmeazd o strategic comuna) strategic
group grupa s.f. group; (categoric de
salarizare, impozitare} bracket ~ de
venituri - income group guler-s-./i. collar
gulere albastre - (muncitorii manuali/
industrial!) blue-collar workers ~ albe (clasa de mijioc din societdtile industriale
avansate) white-collar workers
guvern s.n. government guverna
v.i. to govern ~ prost - to
misgovern
guvernator^.w.
governor ~ general - governor
general

H
hala s.f. 1. hall 2. (in piatd) market
house/hall, covered market
~ de carne - meat market
~ de legume - vegetable market
~ de pete - fish market
~ de vechituri - second-hand market
hamal s.m. 1. porter 2. (mar.)
stevedore, longshoreman
han s.n. inn
hangar s.n. shed; (pentru avioane)
hangar
~ pentru depozitare temporara shed for short storage
~ pentru marfuri de export - export
sheed; (mar.) shipping shed
~ pentru marfuri in tranzit - transit
shed, shed for passing goods
~ portuar - dock/port shed
~ portuar de marfuri - freight shed
hangiu s.m. innkeeper
harta s.f. map; chart
~ cadastrala - cadastral map
~ geografica - geographical map
~ marina - sea/nautical chart
hazard s.n. hazard; (rise) risk
~ moral - (comportament necinstit sau
neglijentd a persoanelor care nu
suportd costurile actelor lor, situatie
generatd de existenta unei asigurdri

etc.) moral hazard

hartie s.f. paper
~ de ambalaj/impachetat - pack/
packing/wrapping paper
~ de scrisori - note/letter paper
~ de tipar - printing paper
~ de ziar - news paper
~ indigo/carbon - copy paper

~ -moneda - paper money ~ pentru

emisiuni de valoa
bancnote - security paper
~ timbrata - stamped paper
~ velina - (wire-) wove paper
hartii de valoare - (fin.) securities
hebdomadar adj. weei
hebdomadal, hebdomadary s.n. WE
(magazine)
hectare./!, hectare
hedging s.n. (operatiune de cone
carare a riscurilor ce pot decurge <
fluctuatiile cursurilor la bursele
marfuri, din variatiile preturilor
tranzactiile de comerf exterior sau i
cursurilor de schimb) (bur.,
hedging
~ realizat prin cumpararea
contracte futures - long hedging
~ valutar - currency hedging
hidrocentrala s.f. hydroelec
(power)' plant/station, water-pos
plant
hidrofil adj. (despre unele mdrf
hydrophilic, water-retaining
hidrofob adj. hydrophobic, wa
/moisture-repellent
hidrotghmca s.f. hJdrotechnics
hiperinflatie s.f. hyperinflat
runaway inflation
holding s. n. holding (company)
horticultor^.m. horticulturist
horticultura s.f. horticulture
hotarare s.f. (decizie) decision; (ora
order; (decret) decree; (judeca
r eased) judg(e)ment, sentec
(arbitrald) award

HOT-HOV

~ a administratiei locale - by(e)-law

~ judecatoreasca - judg(e)ment,
sentence
~ judecatoreasca de declarare in
stare de faliment - decree in
bankruptcy, adjudication order
~ judecatoreasca de lichidare winding-up order
~ judecatoreasca de scoatere de sub
sechestru - replevin
~ judecatoreasca definitiva judg(e)ment absolute
~ judecatoreasca executorie enforceable judg(e)ment
~ judecatoreasca in contumacie judg(e)ment in absence

175

hotart v.t. (dr.) to decide, to rule; (o

penalitate, o plata) to award
~ asupra unei spete - {dr.) to deal
with a case
~ in fond - (dr.) to decide on the
merits of the case
hotels./?, hotel
~ -pensiune - residential hotel
hotelier adj. hotel... s.m. {proprietor
sau director al unui hotel) hotelkeeper,
hotelman
hovercraft s.n. (aeroglisor, nava pe
pernd de aer) hovercraft, air-cushion
ship/vessel
~ costier - coaster hovercraft
~ pentru pasageri - passenger
hovercraft

I
iard s.n. (unitate de masurd pentru
lungime) yard
identificare s.f. identification
~ automata - (a unui produs)
automatic identification
identitate s.f. identity
~ a corporatiei - (man.) corporate
identity
~ falsa (pentru incasarea unui cec)
false pretences
ieftin adj. cheap, inexpensive
ieftinatate
s.f.
cheapness,
inexpensiveness
ieftini v.t. to reduce/to diminish the
price ofv.r. to fall in price, to come/to
go down
ierarhic adj. hierarchical adv.
hierarchically, through the usual
channels
ierarhie s.f. hierarchy; levels of
authority, chain of command
ierarhizare s.f. (a posturilor in functie
de competenta cerutd si salarizarea
corespunzdtoare) grading
igiena s.f. hygiene
igiena muncii - industrial health/
hygiene
ignorat adj. (despre actiuni puse in
vdnzare) neglected
ilegal adj. illegal, unlawful, illicit adv.
illegally, unlawfully
ilegalitate s.f. 1. (caracter ilegal)
illegality, unlawfulness 2. (act)
unlawful act; secret/underground
activity
ilicit adj. illicit, illegal, unlawful adv.
illicitly

iluzie s.f. illusion

~ monetara - (ideea falsa cd banii avea
o putere fixd de cumpdrc tendinta de a
ignora modifies valorii banilor din
cauza inflatiei sa deflatiei) money
illusion imagine s.f. 1. image 2.
(imprimatur monedd, marcd) mintage ~
a corporatiei - (man.) corpc image
~ a marcii - brand(ed) image imigra v.i.
to immigrate imigrant.s'.w. immigrant
imobil s.n. house; (cladire) build (cu
teren, instalatii) premises ~ comercial business premises ~ cu locuinte collective housing imobiliar adj. real,
immovable imobiliza v.t. (un
capital) immobilize, to tie up, to lock
away.1 impact s. n. impact ~ al
impozitului - tax impact impar adj.
odd
imperialism^.?!, imperialism ~
economic - economic imperialism
implementa v.t. to implement
implicare s.f. (a unui cumpdrdtor
luarea unei decizii atunci cdnd c.
zitioneazd un produs) involvement
import s. n. import; importation ~ cu
scutire de taxe vamale --free
importation ~ global - total import ~
interzis - prohibited import ~ masiv heavy import importuri invizibile (import servicii) invisible imports

IMP-IMP

~ paralele - (de produse cu preturi

mai scdzute decdt cele din propria
tard) parallel imports
~ vizibile - (import de mdrfuri) visible
imports
importa v.t. to import
importator s.m. importer
~ independent - independent importer
impostura s.f. (pentru incasarea unui
cec) false pretences
impozabil adj. taxable, leviable;
(despre o proprietate) rat(e)able,
assessable; (referitor la taxele vamale
etc.) dutiable; (referitor la accize)
excisable; (referitor la taxele rutiere,
taxele percepute in piete, targuri etc.)
tollable
impozit s.n. tax, duty, impost,
contribution; (taxa rutierd, impozit perceput in piete, targuri etc.) toll
~ amanat - deferred tax
~ anual - (pe proprietate) reprises
~ ascuns/indirect - hidden tax
~ asupra prelucrarii industriale a
produselor - processing tax
~ auto - (mai ales la masinile de
import) car tax

~ conform categoriei de impunere schedule(d) tax

~ degresiv - degressive tax
~ direct - direct tax
~ echitabil - equitable tax
~ extraordinar - emergency tax
~ fiscal/pe timbru - stamp duty
~ funciar - land/ground tax
~ global/forfetar - lump-sum tax
~ imobiliar - real estate tax
~ indirect - indirect tax
~ local/municipal - council/local/
municipal tax

177

~ negativ - (transfer de venit, de la cei

bogati la cei sdraci, in vederea garantdrii unui venit minim acestora din
urmd) negative income tax
~ pe avere - wealth tax
~ pe cap de locuitor - capitation(tax),
head/poll tax
~ pe capital - capital tax, tax on
capital
~ pe catigul de capital - capital gains
tax

~ pe chirii - rent tax

~ pe cifra de afaceri - turnover tax,
tax on turnover
~ pe circulatia marfurilor - (perceput
in jiecare etapd a procesului de
distribute) sales/tumover/transactions/
cascade tax
~ pe consuin - consumption/
expenditure tax, tax on consumption
~ pe dividende - dividend tax
~ pe dobanda - interest tax
~ pe donatie - donation/gift duty
~ pe incasari - receipts tax
~ pe lux - luxury tax
~ pe profit - profit/revenue tax; (SUA)
corporate/corporation tax
~ pe profitui excedentar nedistribuit
- (impozit pe dividendele nedistribuite
primite de o societate de investitii

financiare) excess retention tax

~ pe proprietate - property tax
~ pe salarii - salary tax
~ pe supraprofit - excess profits tax,
supertax
~ pe unitate/unitar - unit tax
~ pe venit - income tax; (SUA) federal
income tax
~ pe venitui global - total income tax
~ pe venitui personal - personal
income tax

178

~ progresiv - progressive tax

~ proportional cu venitui - graduated
income tax
~ regresiv - regressive tax
~ represiv - (pentru franarea investitiilsr, a consumului) repressive tax
~ restant - (5' UA) delinquent tax
~ retinut la sursa - withholding tax
~ succesoral/pe mostenire inheritance tax, succession duty, estate
duty/tax
~ unic single tax
~ uniform - flat tax
impozite de asigurari sociale - social
security taxes
~ si taxe - taxes and dues
impozita v.t. to tax; to levy taxes on
impozitare s.f. taxation
~ la sursa a venitului - (din salami)
pay as you earn
~ multipla/dubia - multiple taxation
~ proportionala cu posibilitatea de a
plati - ability-to-pay taxation
impresar^./n. impresario
imprima v.t. 1. (a tipdri) to print 2.
(tesaturi) to (im)print; (prin apdsare cu
sigiliul, stampild) to emboss
imprimat adj. printed s.n. print; (formular) form pi. printed works, print
matter/paper
imprimerie s.f. 1. printing office/
works/house 2. (de tesaturi) printery
impune v.t. 1. to impose: (o sarcina) to
assign 2. (fiscal) to tax; (o proprietate)
to rate, to assess; (plata accizelor) to
excise
~ excesiv - to overtax
impunere s.f. 1. imposing; (a unei
sarcini) assignment 2. (fiscala)
taxation; (a unei proprietdti) rating,
assessment

~ excesiva - overtaxation ~ nejustificata

- exaction ~ pe piata de catre
consumatori unui produs} consumer pullthrough
~ proportionala cu venitui
graduated taxation
imputa v.t. (bani) to deduct... (frc
to charge
imputare s.f. (in bani) charge
imunitate s.f. immunity
~ diplomatics - diplomatic privilege
~ fiscala - tax franchise
~ parlamentara - parliamenta
immunity
~ vamala - duty-free import
imunizare s.f. (procesul de stabilire{
mentinere a unei duratii egale la acfl|
si pasive in vederea reducerii rise
ratei dobanzil) (fin.) immunization
inactiv adj. inactive; (stagnant)
(neproductiv) dormant; (nefolosit)
unemployed; (despre o piata)
sluggish; (fdrd tranzactii) (bur.) list
inactivitate s.f. inactivity; (stagn
dullness
inalienabil
adj.
inalien<
unassignable
inamovibil adj. irremovable
inamovibilitate s.f. irremovability
inaugura v.t. to inaugurate;
deschide) to open
incapacitate s.f. 1. (de mu.
disability; (invaliditate) inval
2. (juridica) disability; (legald) (If,
incapacity
~ de a actiona in justitie - disabilit
sue
~ de a mcheia contracte - disabilit
enter into contracts
~ de a mstraina o proprietat
disability to alienate property

INC-IND

~ de munca permanenta i totala total permanent incapacity

~ de plata a datoriilor - inability to
pay debts
~ temporara de munca - temporary
disability
incaso s.n. collection of payments
~ documentar - (pperatiune de incasare efectuatd de banca exportatorului
la dispozitia acestuid) documentary
collection
incendiere s.f. setting on fire
~ premeditata - (asig.) arson
incendiu s.n. 1. fire 2. (provocat)
(asig.) arson
incertitudine s.f. (situatie in care
rezultatele unei decizii nu sunt sigure)
uncertainty
include v.t. 1. to include, to add in, to
comprise, to contain; (intr-un plic) to
enclose; (a inserd) to insert 2. (costut)
to figure in
inclusiv adj. (despre preturi, tarife)
inclusive (of) adv. inclusive;
inclusively; included
~ cheltuielile - charges included
~ toate cheltuielile - inclusive of all
charges
incorporal adj. (dr.) incorporeal
inculpa v.t. to indict, to charge, to
inculpate
indemniza v.t. to indemnify, to requite
indemnizatie s.f. (despdgubire)
indemnity, compensation; (alocatie)
allowance, benefit, pay; (de drum etc.}
pay, allowance
~ de boala - sick allowance/benefit/
pay, statutory sick pay, sickness benefit
~ de celeritate - (mar.) dispatch
money

179

~ de concediere - dismissal
compensation/pay/wage,
terminal
wages

~ de concediu - vacation allowance,

holiday pay
~ de deces (platibild in caz de deces)
(asig.) death benefit
~ de deplasare - (in interes de serviciu) travel/travelling allowance,
subsistence allowance/money; (acordatd martorilor intr-un proces)
conduct money; (pe numdr de mile)
mileage
~ de formare/pregatire - training
allowance
~ de greva - strike benefit/pay
~ de munca in strainatate - foreign
allowance
~ de reprezentare - entertainment
allowance
~ de omaj - dole
~ familiala - family allowance
~ parlamentara - member's
emoluments
~ pentru cointeresare/stimulare (acordatd conducerii unei societdti)
(man.) enabling/goodwill payment
~ pentru creterea preturilor deamess allowance
~ pentru incapacitate de munca disability benefit
~ pentru persoane tntretinute de
salariat - dependants' benefit
~ personala - personal allowance
- speciala - perquisite
independenta s.f. independence
~ economica (economic) self-sufficiency
indescifrabil adj. undecipherable,
indecipherable; (ilizibil) illegible indexare
s.f. indexation

180

indicator s. n. indicator; index

~ al strazilor - street directory
~ al variatiilor sezoniere - index
adjusted for seasonal variations, index
adjusted seasonally
~ de cale ferata - railway indicator/
pole
indicatori economici - economic
indicators
~ financtari - financial indicators
indice s.m. index
~ al costului vietii - cost-of-living
index
~ al preturilor - price index
~ al preturilor de consum - (indicele
preturilor cu amdnuntuJ) consumer
price index, index of retail prices
~ al preturilor producatorilor producer price index
~ al salariilor - wages index
~ bursier/al cursului actiunilor share index
~ corectat - rectified index
~ de cantitate - quantity/volume index
~ de dezvoltare a marcii - (care aratd
mdsura in care un produs pdtrunde pe
diferite zone ale unei piete) brand
development index
~ de lichiditate - (fin.) liquidity ratio
~ de solvabilitate - (fin.) solvency
ratio
~ de uzura - wear index
~ financiar - financial ratio
~ general al preturilor - general price
index
~ individual al preturilor - individual
price index
~ sintetic al preturilor - aggregate
price index
indici ponderati - weighted in^ es

IND-IND

individual adj. 1. individual; (personal)

personal 2. (dr.) several indiviz adj. (dr.)
undivided, joint indiviziune s.f. (dr.) joint
ownership/ tenancy
industrial adj. industrial industrialism s.n.
industrialism industrializa v.t. to
industrialize industrial 5. m. industrialist
industrie s.f. industry industria
alimentara - food industry ~
casnica/artizanala - home/cottage/ family
industry
~ cauciucului - the rubber industry ~
ceramica - pottery industry ~ chimica chemical industry ~ conservelor - packing
industry ~ constructiilor de masini
mechanical
engineering/machine
building (industry)
~ de automobile - car/automotive industry
~ de prelucrare a lemnului -woodworking
industry ~ distractiilor/spectacolelor amusement industry ~ editorials publishing industry ~ extractive extractive industry ~ fbrestiera forest/timber/wood industry
;, ~ frigului - refrigerating industry, cold!
storage trade
~ grea - heavy
industry
| ~ hartiei - paper industry
| ~ hoteliera - hotel industry/trade |
metalurgica
metallurgic(,industry
~ miniera - mining industry ~ otelului steel industry ~ petroliera - oil/petroleum
industry ~ poligrafica - printing industry

IND-INF

~ prelucratoare - process/processing/
manufacturing industry ~ primara
(care extrage si adund resursele naturale
prin activitdti cum ar fi mineritui,
agricultura etc.) primary industry
~ secundara - {care utilizeazd resursele
industriei primare) secondary industry
~ spectacolelor - show business ~
tertiara/serviciilor
tertiary/service
industry
~ textila - textile industry ~ timpului liber
- leisure industry ~ transporturilor carrying trade ~ turistica - tourist trade ~
u$oara - light industry ~ viticola - wine
industry industrie-cheie/de baza - key
industry ~ cu investitii man pe unitatea
de produs - capital-intensive industry ~ cu
perspective de dezvoltare -growth
industry ~ locala - local industry ~
meste$ugareasca - handicraft industry
~ noua - infant industry ~ principals staple industry ~ protejata - (impotriva
concurentei strdine) sheltered industry ~
subvenfionata - subsidized industry
industrii conexe - related industries
inertie s.f. inertia
~ industrials - (dezinteresul unor
proprietari de intreprinderi indtistriale de
a-si muta societdtile in alte locuri mai
propice desfdsurdrii activitdtii) industrial
inertia
inexigibil adj. inexigible, undue, not due

181

inferior adj. (despre calitate) low,

poor; (despre metale etc.) base
inflatie s.f. inflation
~ anticipata - forestalled inflation
~ ascunsa/mascata - hidden inflation
~ controlata - pent-up inflation
~ de crestere - (situatie in care
inflatia, in anumite conditii si proportii, poate contribui la cresterea
economica) growth inflation
~ de penurie - (cdnd oferta insuficientd exercitd presiuni de mdrire a
preturilor) shortage inflation, short
squeeze
~ galopanta - hyperinflation, runaway
inflation
~ lenta/taratoare - creeping inflation
~ prin cerere - (cauzatd de cresterea
cererii agregate fata de oferta agregata) demand-induced/-pull inflation
~ prin costuri (cauzatd de cresterea
costurilor de productie independent de
cererea agregata) cost-push inflation
~ prin moneda - (cauzatd de emisiuni
monetare excesive) money supply
inflation
~ structurala - structural inflation
~ suprimata - suppressed inflation
inflationism s. n. inflationism
inflationist adj. inflationary s.m.
(adept al inflationismului) inflationist
influenta s.f. influence
~ ilegala (presiune exercitatd pentru
semnarea unui contract) (dr.) undue
influence
informatica s.f informatics
~ de gestiune - business/administrative
data processing
informatie s.f. information
~ ascunsa (forma de manifestare a
hazardului moral intr-o relatie

182

contractuald incompletd) hidden

information
~ asimetrica - (cu distribute inegald
intre participantii la o tranzactie)
asymmetric information
~ economica - economic information
infractiune s.f. offence, malfeasance,
breaking/infringement of the law,
transgression
infrastructura s.f. infrastructure;
social (overhead) capital
inginer s.m. engineer
~ agronom - agricultural engineer,
agronomist
~ constructor - civil engineer
~ consultant - consulting engineer
~ de constructii navale - naval
architect
~ de exploatare - operating/works
engineer
~ de poduri si sosele - government
civil engineer
~ electrician - electrical engineer
~ mecanic - mechanical engineer
~ minier - mining engineer
~ silvic - silvicultural/forestry expert
~ -sef- chief engineer
~ tehnolog - process engineer
inginerie s.f. engineering
~ financiara - financial engineering
~ tehnica - engineering
insolvabil adj. insolvent
insolvabilitate s.f, insolvency
inspecta v.;. to inspect, to survey, to
examine
inspector s.m. inspector, surveyor,
(inspection) officer
~ de asigurari - (in sectorul asigurdrilor pentru accidente si incendii)
insurance surveyor

1NF-INS

~ de credite - credit officer, loan

administrator/officer
~ de registru/clasificare - (mar.}
(classification) surveyor, ship's/marine;
maritime surveyor
~ de tonaj - (mar.) tonnage ga(u)ging
surveyor
~ financiar - tax inspector, inspector of
taxes
~ general - inspector general ~ sanitar officer of health, sanitary inspector
~ silvic - forester
~ vamal - customs inspector/surveyor ~
vamal maritim -jerquer ~ vamal terestru
- land waiter inspectorate, n. inspectorate
~ maritim - marine board inspectie s.f.
inspection, survey, examination
~ de clasificare (a registrului naval)
survey classification
~ tehnica - technical inspection/survey ~
vamala - customs inspection/survey
instabil adj. unstable; (despre piata
bursierd) volatile; (fluctuant) wide
instabilitate s.f. instability; (fluctuatie)
unsteadiness
~ politica - political uncertainty instalatie
s.f. installation; equipment, outfit; plant ~
de apa - plumbing ~ de iluminat illumination plant ~ de operat cereale (mar.) bulk grain-handling appliance
~ de operat marfuri in vrac - (mar.) bulk
cargo handling facility ~ de punte - (mar.)
deck gear ~ frigorifica - refrigerating/cold-storage plant, freezer ~ in aer
liber/deschisa - outdoor plant

INS-INT

~ sanitara - sanitary installation

instalatii de santier - site facilities
~ portuare - harbour/port facilities
~ portuare de operare - (incdrcare,
descdrcare) shipping facilities
instanta s.f. (dr.') instance, law court,
court (of justice)
~ civila - civil court
~ penala - criminal court
institui v.t. to institute, to set up, to
establish
~ retentie asupra - to put a lien on
~ un embargo - to embargo, to lay an
embargo
institute. institute
~ de cercetari - research institute
~ de proiectare - design institute
institutie s.f. institution, establishment
~ bugetara - budgetary institution
~ de binefacere - charity/benevolent/
philanthropic institution
~ de stat - public office
~ mandatata - corporate trustee
institutional adj. institutional
institutionalism s.n. institutionalism
instructiune s.f. instruction, direction,
order
instructiuni ale armatorului - (mar.)
shipowner's directions
~ de asigurare - insurance instructions
~ de exploatare - working instructions
~ de folosire - service instructions
~ de virare din cont curent in cont de
depozit - (sau invers) bank sweep
arrangements
~ tehnice - engineer regulations
instrui v.t. to instruct; to train
instruire s.f. instruction; training
~ in cadrul intreprinderii - training
within industry, in-house training

183

instrument s.n. 1. instrument;

(unealta) tool, implement; (dispozitiv)
device 2. (act juridic) (legal)
d
instrument
~ de plata - instrument of payment
~ financiar/de credit - credit
instrument
~ incomplet de plata - {cambia)
inchoate instrument
~ monetar - monetary instrument
instrumente de control - inspection
tools
~ negociabile - (fin.) negotiable
instruments/securities,
trad(e)able
instruments
insuficient adj. insufficient, deficient,
scarce, short; (despre stocuri, rezerve)
low; (despre bani, capitaluri) stringent
integrare s.f. integration
~ economics - economic integration
~ orizontala - (fuziunea organizatiilor
in aceeasi companie, Qpusd integrdrii
verticale) horizontal/lateral integration
~ sociala - social integration
~ verticals - (integrarea productiei cu
sursele de aprovizionare si cu pietele
de desfacere) vertical integration
intensitate s.f. intensity
~ a capitalului - (yaloarea activelor
necesare pentru a produce un dolar de
vdnzdri) capital intensity
interdictie
s.f.
interdiction,
forbiddance, ban, prohibition
~ a importului - import ban/
prohibition
~ de a executa ore suplimentare overtime ban
interes s. n. interest
~ asigurabil - insurable interest
~ public - public interest

184

interimar adj. temporary, provisional,

acting, ad interim
mterimats.n. interim
interior adj. internal, interior, inner
s.n. 1. interior, inside 2. (al unui stat)
inland, interior; (tard) home
intermediar adj. intermediate,
intermediary s.m. intermediate,
intermediary, agent, middleman, factor,
go-between, bargain maker
~ al fuziunii - merger broker
~ de schimburi valutare - exchange
jobber
~ financiar - financial intermediary
~ in comertui angro - full-function
wholesaler
~ in comertui cu marfuri - produce
broker
a fi ~ - to intermediate; (intre) to deal
(between)

intermediere s.f. intermediation; (a

unei afaceri, a unei tranzactif)

factorage
~ bursiera - stockjobbery,
stockjobbing
~ financiara - financial intermediation
interministerial adj. interdepartmental
intern adj. internal; domestic, home
interstatal adj. interstate
interveni v.i. to intervene
interventie s.f. (a statului in economic,
a bdncii centrale pe piata financiar-bancard etc.) intervention
~ a statului - state/government
interference
~ bancara - (pentru sustinerea
cursului). banking support
interventionist s.m. (adept al interventiei statului in economic)
interventionist
intervieva v.t. to interview

interviu s.n. interview

~ nedirijat/nestandardizat - informal
interview
~ prin telefon - telephone interview
interzice v.t. to forbid, to interdict, to
prohibit, to ban
interzicere
s.f.
forbiddance,
interdiction, prohibition, ban
intraprenoriat s.n. (promo varea call- |
tdtilor de antreprenor in interiond \
marilor companii) intrapreneurship |
intrare s.f. 1. entering; entrance 2. (is
posesie) (dr.) entry, entrance 3. (inregistrare in cont) (cont.) entry
~ in functie - assumption of an office,
taking up duties
~ in posesie - (dr.) entry, entrance
~ in posesie prin fbrta - (dr.) forcible
entry
~ in vigoare - coming into force/effect
introduce v.t. to introduce; (a insera}
to insert; (marfuri, propuneri etc.) ttt
bring in; (o clauza) to put in
inunda v.t. 1. to flood, to inundate 2.
(piata cu o marfd) to glut
invalida v.t. (dr.) to invalidate
invaliditate s.f. invalidity, disability;
disablement
~ totala - complete disability
inventar s.n. inventory, stocktaking
(lista) list, bill, schedule
~ agricol - agricultural implements
~ continuu - continuous inventory
~ de lada - packing list/note/sheet/sUj
~ fizic - physical inventory
~ mort - (utilaje si constr
agricole) deadstock
~ pe stocuri - lot-size inventory
~ periodic - (cont.) periodic
inventory
~ permanent - (mentinut la zi) (con
perpetual inventory

1NV-IPO

~ viu - (septel) livestock a face un ~ - to

inventory, to draw up an inventory, to take
stock of an inventory
inventaria v. t. to inventory investi v.t. to
invest; (a plasa) to place, to vest, to put out
~ excesiv - to overinvest investitor^.w.
investor ~ institutional - (organisme care
dispun de resurse importante, care
procedeazd in mod regulat la investitii si
care gestioneazd portofolii de man
dimensiuni, precum companiile de
asigurdri, fondurile de pensii si investitii,
handle) institutional investors
~ mare - (investitor strategic) big investor
~ mic - small investor investitie s.f.
investment; (plasament) placement,
placing
~ aducatoare de profit - (constant si
sigur) true investment
~ autonoma - (cheltuieli de investitie care
nu sunt induse de modificdri ale nivelului
productiei, ci sunt realizate pentru
dezvoltarea infrastructurii) autonomous
investment ~ bruta - gross investment ~
comerciala - (investitia uneifirme in
actiunile unei companii din acelasi sector
de activitate cu eel al investitorului) trade
investment
~ comunitara/obsteasca - community
investment
~ cu rise scazut - conservative investment
~ de capital - capital investment ~
directa - direct investment ~ etica ethical investment ~ excesiva overinvestment ~ externa - foreign
investment

185

~ financiara - financial investment ~ fixa (in infrastructura) fixed investment

~ involuntara - (in stocuri de mar/a,
cauzatd
de
productia
pe
stoc)
involuntary investment ~ in obiecte de
valoare - non-monetary investment
~ in strainatate - international/ overseas
investment
~ necorespunzatoare - unsuitability ~
negativa - disinvestment, negative
investment
~ neta - net investment ~ pe termen lung long-term investment, lockaway, lockup ~
planificata - planned investment ~ privata
- private investment ~ productiva productive investment ~ publica/de stat public/government investment
~ sigura - safe investment ~ straina foreign investment ~ straina directa foreign direct investment
investitii de portofoliu - portfolio
investments
~ induse - (termen care desemneazd
investitiile realizate pentru satisfacerea
cresteru constatate sou estimate a cererii
de bunuri economice) induced/ passive
investments
~
speculative
speculative
investments
ipoteca
v.t.
to
mortgage,
to
hypothecate; (a gaja) to pledge ipotecar
adj. hypothecary a fi obligat ~ - to be
bound by mortgage
ipotecare s.f. mortgage, mortgaging,
hypothecation; (go/are) pledging ipoteca
s.f. mortgage, hypothec; (gaj) pledge

186

~ aeronautica - aircraft mortgage ~

asiguratorie - endowment mortgage ~
contributiva/colectiva - (ipoteca data unui
singur creditor, alcdtuitd prin contributiile mai
muhor persoane) contributory mortgage ~ cu
amortizare graduala/progresiva - graduated
payment mortgage ~ cu dobanda variabila adjustable/ variable rate mortgage ~ cu termen
scurt de rambursare -quick-pay mortgage
~ de prim rang - (creantd garantatd printr-o
ipoteca imobiliard fdrd rang anterior) first
mortgage ~ de rang inferior - (ipoteca
precedatd de unul sau mai multe ranguri)
junior mortgage ~ de rangul doi - (creantd
garantatd printr-o ipoteca imobiliard de rang
posterior care se adaugd la ipoteca de prim
rang) second mortgage ~ deschisa (a caret
sumd poate fi mdrita) open mortgage ~
echitabila - (ipoteca neinscrisd pentru
garantarea unui credit) equitable mortgage
~ generala/totala - blanket mortgage ~ globala
- (care inlocuieste tin numdr de ipoteci
existente) blanket mortgage

IPO-IZV

~ imobiliara - residential mortgage

~ in bani - capital mortgage
~ invaluitoare - (ipoteca secundara)
mortgage wraparound
~ judiciara - mortgage by order of the
court
~ legala - legal mortgage
~ maritima/navala - maritime/ ship
mortgage
~ maximala - (ipoteca constituitd
pentru o creantd nedeterminata)
maximum sum mortgage
~ mobiliara - chattel mortgage
~ preferentiala - senior mortgage
~ prin inchiriere - (SUA) leasehold
mortgage
~ principals - head mortgage
a face o ~ - to mortgage, to raise a
mortgage
a greva un bun cu o ~ - to encumber
an estate with mortgage
irosi v.t. to squander, to waste
istorie s.f. history
~ economica - economic history
itinerar s.n. itinerary, route, way;
(maritim sau aviatic) lane ~ turistic tourist itinerary izvor s.n. spring ~ de
ape minerale - spa

/\

imbarca v.t. 1. (mar.) (persoane) to

embark; (marfuri) to ship, to take
aboard, to haul on board 2. (in tren) to
entrain 3. (in avion) to enplane v.r. 1.
(mar.) to embark, to go aboard a ship 2.
(;>2 tren) to entrain 3. (f?i avion) to
enplane
imbarcare ,?./ 1. (mar.) (de persoane)
embarkation, embarkment; (de marfuri)
shipment, shipping (of goods) 2. (in
tren) entraining 2. (in avion) enplaning
~ de balast - (mar.) ballastage
imbogati v.t. to make rich/wealthy, to
enrich v.r. to enrich oneself, to get/to
grow rich
a se ~ rapid/peste noapte - to strike it
rich
imbogatire s.f. enrichment, enriching,
money-making
imbracaminte s.f. clothes, clothing,
wear, (wearing) apparel
~ de protectie - protective clothing
imbunatati v.t. 1. to improve, to better
2. (a asana/a recupera un teren) to
reclaim
imbunatatire
betterment
s.f. improvement, (man.)
~ continua improvement
imbunatatiri
continuous
funciare - land
improvement/betterment, reclamation
a face ~ funciare - to reclaim
impacheta v.t. to pack (up), to
package; (a inveli) to wrap (up)
impachetare s.f. package, packing;
(invelire) wrapping

impaduri v.t. to afforest, to put (a

region) under timber
imparti v.t. to share (out), to apportion;
(a distribui) to distribute, to give out;
(a alocd) to allot; (a parcela) to parcel out; (a
defaica, a scinda) to break down; (a repartiza
un rise) (asig.) to spread; (scrisori) to deliver;
(carftle de joc) to deal out; (pomana) lo dole;
(intre) to partition, to divide (among, between);
(cifre) (la) to divide (by) impartire s.f. sharing,
apportionment, division; (distribute)
distribution;
(alocare) allotment; (defalcare, scindare) breakdown; (repartizare a unui
rise) (asig.) spread
~ a pietei - market sharing
~ a timpului de folosire - time sharing
impovara v.t. (cu datorii, impozite,
responsabilitati) to saddle
impovarator adj. (oneros) burdensome
tmproprietari v.t. to put in possession
of land, to appropriate land to
improprietarire s.f. allotment,
appropriation, assignment; (reformd
agrara) land reform
imprumut s.n. loan, accomodation,
advance; (credit) credit; (acordat unei
intreprinderi care produce pentru stat
sau pentru derularea unor servicii
publice) imprest
~ bancar - bank advance/loan
~ conditionat/cu clauze restrictive tied loan
~ consolidat (credit ipotecar pe
termen lung, acordat pentru o perioadd
mai mare de 10 ani) permanent loan

188

~ contra semnatura - (credit care nu

necesitd
garantii
suplimentare)
signature loan
~ cu autolichiditate - (imprumut pentru
finantarea
activelor
curente)
selfliquidating loan
~ cu dobanda variabila - (in functie de
rata primard a bdncii) floating prime
~ cu garantie - collateral loan, loan against
collateral/security ~ de asistenta - aid loan
~ de razboi - war loan ~ de stat government/public loan ~ de titluri securities
lending
~
extern
foreign/external loan ~ garantat - secured
loan ~ garantat cu un stoc - warehouse
receipt loan
~ ipotecar - mortgage/real estate loan ~
ipotecar pentru imbunatatiri funciare development mortgage ~ tn doua valute (imprumut pe baza de obligatiuni emise in
doua valute} dual currency loan ~ la
termen - time/term loan ~ maritim - (cu
ipotecarea nave!) bottomry;
(cu
angajarea mdrfii) respondentia
~ negarantat - straight/unsecured/
fiduciary loan
~ nerecuperabil - dead loan ~ obligatar bond issue/loan ~ pe termen lung - long (term) loan ~ pe termen scurt - short (term) loan ~ pentru amortizare redemption loan
~
pentru
masuri
provizorii/
temporare - stopgap loan ~ pentru o
saptamana - weekly loan/money

IMP-IMP

~ pentru o zi/de pe o zi pe alta

(acordat caselor de compensate sas
agentilor de bursa) daily loan/money, dayto-day loan/money; (acordat agentilor de
bursa) street loan ~ pentru tranzactii - (in
vederea acoperirii necesarului de fond de
rulment) transaction loan
1~
personal - (credit, rambursabil is \ rate
lunare, acordat persoanelor fizice, in
special salariati, pentru achizi-tionarea de
bunuri de consum) personal loan
~ -punte/de legatura - (finantare
interimard, imprumut pe termen scurt
pentru asigurarea unei finantdri temporare
pdnd cdnd se obtine un imprumut
permanent) bridge loan ~ rambursabil in
valuta tarii creditoare - hard loan ~
rambursabil la cerere - call/loan demand,
money at/on call ~ rambursabil la cerere
si cu preaviz - money at call and short
notice ~ reciproc - (aranjament financiar
prin care doua companii se imprumutd
reciproc in vederea operatiilor de exportimport) back-to-back-loan ~ sindicalizat
- syndicated/ participating loan
~ sintetic - (transformarea unui imprumut
cu ratd flotantd intr-unul cu ratdfixd prin
folosirea ratelor dobdnzii la termen)
synthetic loan a acorda un ~ - to grant a
loan a emite un ~ - to issue a loan a face
un ~ - to raise/to conclude/to make a loan a
lansa un ~ - to float a loan

1MP-INC

imprumuta v.t. (a da cu imprumut) to

lend; (a lua cu imprumut) to borrow;
(bani) to accommodate with
~ cu camata - to lend upon usury
imprumutat s.m. (persoand care ia cu
imprumut') borrower
imputernici v.t. to empower, to
commission; (dr.) to warrant; (a
delegd) to depute
tmputernicire s.f. mandate, trust,
commission, power; warrant; (procura)
power/warrant of attorney, proxy, deed
trust
~ de a semna -signatory power
~ expresa - express trust
~ pasiva (prin care mandatarul nu
are nici o sarcind activa) (dr.)
passive/bare/dry trust
imputernicit s.m. 1. (mandatar)
mandatory, procurator, proxy, attorney
(-in-fact) 2. (authorized) agent;
(reprezentant) representative
inprep. in
~ bransa - in the trade/line
~ calitate de - acting as
~ comision - on commission
~ comun si pentru supravietuitor (formula dintr-o politd de asigurare de
viata) joint and survivorship
~ conditii de linie - (despre o navd)
under liner terms
~ cont comun - on joint account
~ contrapartida - (cont.) as per contra
~ contui - for account of
~ contui avariei comune - (asig. mar.)
on account of general average
~ contui beneficiarului - (formula pe
un cec) account payee
~ contui si pe riscul incarcatorilor (asig. mar.) on account and risk of
shippers

189

~ drum spre - (mar.) bound for

~ drum spre tara - (mar.) homeward-bound
~ garantie - (despre mdrfuri pdstrate
in antrepozit pdnd la plata taxelor
vamale) under bond
~ numerar - in cash
~ plus sau in minus - over or under
~ strainatate - abroad
~ suspensie - (dr.) abeyant
~ termeni reali - in real terms
~ termeni relativi - in relative terms
~ tranzit - in transit
~ vigoare - effective, effectual
~ vigoare de la data - with effect from
inainta v.t. 1. (o cerere) to forward, to
submit; (o plangere, o reclamatie) to
lodge; (a trimite) to send 2. (a
promova) to advance, to promote
inalt adj. (despre functie, rang) high
~ comisar - high commissioner
incadra v.t. 1. (intr-un post) to take
smb. on the staff; (cu personal) to staff,
to man 2. (intr-o categoric) to grade
incadrare s.f. 1. (cu personal) staffing,
manning 2. (intr-o categoric) grading
~ flexibila cu personal - flexible
manning
~ intr-o categoric de salarizare labo(u)r grading
incasa v.t. (un cec, un mandat postal
etc.) to cash, to encash; (impozite) to
collect, to raise; (datorii) to recover v.i.
(in numerar) to cash, to encash
incasare s.f. 1. cashing, encashment;
(de impozite) collection, raising; (de
datorii) recovery; (a platilor la o ipo-tecd)
servicing 2. pi. (sume) receipts, returns,
takings, incomings incasari brute/globale
- gross receipts ~ din vanzari - sales
revenue

190

~ documentare - (serviciu bancar oferit

exportatorului, prin care banca aranjeazd
ca documentatia de transport sd fie trimisd
importatoruhu contra platii mdrfii)
documentary collections
~ estimative - estimated receipts ~
fiscale/din impozite - internal revenue,
inland
revenue/receipts,
tax
revenue/receipts ~ marunte - petty cash ~
nete - net receipts
~ si cheltuieli - incomings and outgoings,
receipts and expenses/ expenditure
~ si plati - receipts and payments ~ totale total receipts ~ zilnice - daily receipts
incasator s.m. collector; payee; (de
impozite,
agent
fiscal)
receiver,
exacter, exactor
~ de impozite - tax collector incaka v.t. 1.
(o proprietate) to trespass (on/upon) 2.
(drepturi) to violate; (o lege, un contract
etc) to infringe, to break
incalcare s.f. 1. (a unei proprietdti)
trespassing 2. (de drepturi) violation;
(a unei legi, a unui contract)
infringement, breach
~ a contractului - breach of contract
~ a drepturilor de brevet - patent
infringement
~ a regulamentului - breach of the
regulations
incarca v.t. 1. to load, to burden; (o
nava) to freight, to lade, to ship 2. (la
plata) to overcharge
incarcare s.f. 1. loading; (a unei nave)
freightage, lading, shipment, shipping
2. (la plata) overcharging

INC-INC

~ compacta - (fdrd spatii libere) tight

loading
~ in contui armatorului - (mar.) gross
terms loading
~ in contui incarcatorului - (mar.)
shipper's load and account
~ in vrac - loading in bulk
~ la dana - loading on the berth
~ la rand - turn loading/shipping,
loading in turn
~ manuala - hand loading
~ maxima - (pe unitatea de suprafata)
maximum load
~ mecanizata - machine loading
~ necorespunzatoare - unsuitable
loading/shipping
~ paletizata - unit loading
~ pe slepuri - lighterage
~ per unitate de spatiu - load per unit
~ prin greutatea proprie/moarta dead load
|
~ si pontare in contui incarcatorului
- (mar.) shipper's load and tally, load:
and tally in shipper's account
incarcat adj. (despre nava) laden,!
shipped, loaded condition
~ cu balast - loaded with blanks
~ cu marfa usoara/usor - lightl)
laden
~ cu marfuri generale - laden wit
generals
~ in minus - (fata de cantitatea men
tionatd in conosament) short-shipped
~ in stare si conditie aparent bune
shipped in apparent good order
condition
~ in vrac - laden in bulk
~ pe nava - shipped, waterbome
~ pe punte - (despre anumite mdrfw
deck-loaded
~ peste marca - flat-sided, overladen

INC-INC

~ ,,plin si la marca" - full and down

condition
incarcator s.m. loader, handler;
(instalatie) loader, loading installation ~ cu
platforma - elevating loader ~ de marfa
in vrac - bulk loader ~ de nava - shipper,
ship loader ~ hidraulic - hydraulic loader
~ mobil - portable loader ~ si carau shipper and carrier incarcatura s.f. load,
loading; burden;
(transportatd cu nava, avionul sau
autovehiculut) cargo; freight, lade,
lading, shipment
~ a navei - shipload, shipment
~ alterabila - perishable cargo
~ ambalata violabila - broachable
cargo
~ amestecata - composite/mixed cargo
~ aruncata peste bord - (de pe o nava
in pericol, care se scufundd sau este
dusa de valuri la mat) jetsam

~ avariata/deteriorata - damaged
cargo
~ comerciala - commercial load
~ completa - (a navei) shipfull,
shipload, full load
~ congelata - frozen cargo
~ containerizabila - containerizable
cargo
~ contain erizata - containerized cargo
~ cu miros specific - (emandnd gaze
care contamineazd alte mdrfuri
sensibile) odorous cargo
~ cu penalizare - penalty cargo
~ de animale vii - animal load
~ de cabotaj - coasting cargo
~ de cherestea - timber cargo; (SUA)
lumber cargo
~ de cherestea pe punte - timber-deck
cargo

191

~ de export - outbound cargo

~ de import - incoming cargo
~ de intoarcere - homeward/inbound
cargo
~ de marfuri generale - general cargo
~ de palet - pallet load
~ de petrol/titei - oil/petrol/petroleum
cargo
~ de produse albe - clean cargo
~ de produse negre - black/dirty cargo
~ de transportat -, carrying load
~ de tranzit - working cargo; in-transit
shipment
~ de umplutura - filler cargo
~ de valoare - valuable cargo
~ de volum/cubaj - measurement
cargo
~ expediata - outbound shipment,
consignment
~ fluida - fluid cargo
~ grea - deadweight cargo
~ incompleta - underloading
~ inflamabila - inflammable cargo
~ in bale - bale cargo
~ in butoaie - barrel(led) cargo
~ in lazi - case cargo
~ in primejdie - distress cargo
~ in saci - bag(ged) cargo
~ in stare buna - cargo in good
condition
~ in vrac - bulk cargo/freight, loose
bulk cargo
~ lichida - liquid cargo
~ maxima - ultimate load
~ mixta - composite/mixed cargo
~ neamarata - unsecured cargo
~ nepericuloasa - safe load
~ nerujata - untrimmed cargo
~ neta - net load
~ nociva - noxious cargo
~ paletizata - palletized cargo

192

~ pe punte (mdrfuri periculoase, cu

volum mare, material lemnos) deck
cargo/load, shipment on deck
~ pe unitatea de suprafata - unit load
~ periculoasa - dangerous/hazardous
cargo
~ permisa - permissible load
~ prafoasa - (ciment, mangal, negru
defum etc.) dirty cargo
~ presupusa - assumed cargo
~ prevazuta/prescrisa - specified load
~ rubricata - subject cargo
~ rujata - trimmed cargo
~ salvata - saved cargo, salvage
~ stivuita - stowed cargo
~ transportata cu avionul - air cargo
~ umeda - moist/wet cargo
~ uniforma - uniform cargo
~ urgenta - overtime cargo; rush
shipment
~ uscata - dry cargo
~ utila - (care aduce navlu) paying
load, payload, pay/useful load
tnceta v.t. to cease, to discontinue, to
stop; (activitatea; despre o mtreprindere, o unitate economica) to close
down; (lucrul) to leave off, to knock
off

incetare s.f. 1. ceasing, cessation; (a

activitdtii; despre o mtreprindere, o
unitate economica) closedown 2. (a
unei obligatii) (dr.) cesser
~ a obligatiilor contractuale frustration of contract
~ de plata - default
a intra in ~ de plata - to default
incetinire s.f. (a ritmului de lucru de
catre muncitori, fdrd declansarea
efectivd a grevei) slowdown
incheia v.t. 1. (p afacere) to conclude,
to settle, to clinch, to close with; (un

INC-INC

tdrg) to bargain, to strike 2. (un contract)

to contract; (un contract de asigurare
maritimd etc.) to underwrite;
(un concordat) (dr.) to compound 3. (un
bilant contabil) to make up; (un cont) to
rule off
incheiat adj. (despre socoteli) even
inchide v.t. 1. to close, to shut 2. (o
mtreprindere) to close/to shut down;
(magazinul) to shut up 3. (a tdia gazele,
electricitatea etc.) to shut off tnchidere s.f.
1. closing, shutting 2. (a unei
intreprinderi)
closedown, shutdown,
shutting down; (a maga-zinului) shutting
up 3. (tdiere a gaze-lor, a electricitdtii
etc.) shutting off ~ catre public
(transformarea
unei
companii
publice/deschise
intr-una
particulard/mchisd) going private ~ pe
perioada concediilor - (afirmei) vacation
shutdown
~ temporara a bancilor - (SUA) bank
holiday
inchiria v.t. 1. (a da sau a lua cu chirie) to
lease, to rent 2. (a da cu chirie) to hire out,
to let (off/out) 3. (a lua cu chirie) to hire,
to.tenant 4. (un avion, o navd etc.) to
charter tnchiriere s.f. 1. (dare sau luare cu
chirie) lease, renting, hire, hiring;
(leasing) leasing 2. (dare cu chirie) let,
letting 3. (luare cu chirie) tenancy 4. (a
unui avion, a unei nave) charterage,
chartering
~ a navei nude - (fdrd echipaj) (mar.)
demise charter
~ de echipament - equipment leasing
~ de instalatii industriale sau cladiri
complet echipate - plant leasing
inclinatie s.f. (spre un anumit comportament economic) propensity

1NC-INM

unei
r-una

~ marginala spre consum - marginal

propensity to consume
~ marginala spre economic marginal propensity to save
~ medie spre consum - average
propensity to consume
~ medie spre economic - average
propensity to save
~ spre consum - propensity to
consume
~ spre economic - propensity to save
~ spre import - propensity to import
~ spre investitie - propensity to invest
Tndatora v.r. (a face datorii) to fall/to
get/to run into debt, to be in debt
mdatorat adj. indebted
indeplini v.t. to carry out; (un contract,
o obligatie, un angajament) to perform,
to discharge, to honour, to fulfil(l), to
meet; (un contract) to execute
~ formalitatile vamale - to fulfil(l)
customs formalities
indeplinire s.f. carrying out; (a unui
contract, a unei obligatii, a unui
angajament) performance, discharge,
execution
~ partiala - (a obligatiilor contractuale, fapt care atestd existenta
contractului) part performance
indreptar^.. handbook, guide
indrumare s.f. counselling
profesionala
vocational
counselling
inHinta v.t. to found, to establish, to form,
to set up; (o societate comer-ciald) to
float; (p societate, o corpo-ratie) to
incorporate infiintare
s.f.
foundation, establishment, formation,
setting up; (a unei societdti comerciale)
flo(a)tation;

(a unei societdti, a unei corporatii)

incorporation
mgheta v.t. (preturi, salarii, credite etc.) to
freeze
inghetare s.f. (a preturilor, a sala-riilor, a
conturilor etc.) freeze, freezing ~ a chiriilor (de cdtre stat) rent freeze
~ a creditelor - credit freeze ~ a preturilor price freeze ~ a salariilor - wage freeze
Tnlatura v.t. (un concurenf) to forestall inlesni
v.t. to facilitate, to make easier inlesnire s.f.
1. facility, accommodation 2. pi. (inlesniri
acordate salariatilor in afara salariului)
amenities
inlesniri pentru salariati - (transport gratuit,
bonificatii etc.) employees' amenities
inlocuire s.f. replacement, substitution,
commutation
~ de inventar uzat - inventory turnover
inlocuitor s.m. substitute; deputy; (al unui
membru dintr-un consiliu de administrate)
alternate director ~ apropiat - (al produsiiliii
autentic) close substitute
~ de proasta calitate - (al produsului autentic)
distant substitute Tnmagazina v.t. to store, to
warehouse inmatricula v.t. (o societate, un
auto-mobil, o navd etc) to register
Tnmatriculare s.f. (a unei societdti, a unui
automobil, a unei nave etc.) registration,
registry ~ a navei - ship's registry inmana v.t.
to hand over, to deliver ~ cuiva o citatie - to
serve writ on

tnregistra v.t. to register; (a consemna, a nota)

to record, to write down, to set down; (intr-un
registru) to book, to enter (up); (pe o lista) to
enlist, to enrol(l), to bill, to enter (up);
(documente intr-o arhiva, un fisier) to file; (pe
o fisd continutui unei partide de marfuri, al
unui document) to docket v.r. (la hotel) to
check in, to sign in
~ gresit - (cont.) to misenter ~ restante - to lag
behind inregistrare
s.f.
registration,
registering, registry; (consemnare, notare)
record, writing down, setting down; (intr-un
registru) booking, entry;
(pe
o
lista}
enlistment, enrol(l)ment, entry; (documente
intr-o arhiva, un fisier) filing; (pe o fisd a
continutului unei partide de marfuri, al unui
document) docketing; (la hotel) checking in,
check-in ~ contabila - book entry ~ finala (cont.) closing entry ~ gresita - (cont.)
misentry ~ ipotecara - registration of
mortgages ~
suplimentara
(cont.)
supplementary entry ~ ulterioara - (cont.)
postentry insacui v.t. to bag, to sack insamanta
v.t. to sow
insarcina v.t. to charge, to commission; (a
incredinta ciiiva) to entrust with
mscrie v.r. (a consemna, a nota) to write down,
to set down, to record; (a mregistra) to register;
(pe o lista) to enlist, to enrol(l), to bill, to enter
(up);
(intr-un registru) to book, to enter (up);
(numele, menfiuni) to superscribe

~ pe ordinea de zi - to place/to put on the

agenda
inscriere s.f. (consemnare, notare} writing
down, setting down, record;
(inregistrare) registration; (pe o lista)
enlistment, enrollment, entry; (intr-un
registru) booking, entry; (mentiune)
superscription
~ a marcilor de comert - registration
of trade marks
~ falsa - (in documente) false entry
~ ipotecara - registration of mortgages
inscris s.n. document, deed, certificate.
note
~ ipotecar - mortgage note
insiloza v.t. to silo; (nutret) to ensile
insilozare s.f. siloing; (de nutret)
ensilage
instraina v.t. (dr.) to alienate
insuma v.t. to totalize, to total, to toi
up
insela v.t. to cheat, to fake up, to rook;
(a escrocd) to swindle; (a amdgi) to
deceive
inelatorie s.f. cheat, fake, fraud,
double dealing; (escrocherie) swindle
intalnire s.f. (de afaceri) meeting,
appointment
intocmi v.t. (un document, un bilanf
etc.) to draw up; (un plan, un protect^.
to draft
- o dispasa - (de avarie comunS^
(asig. mar.) to make up the average
~ o factura - to make out an invoice
~ un extras de cont - to make up 4
statement of account
I
intreg adj. whole, entire, full; (co/j
plet) complete; (despre sume de ban^
even
J
~ spatiul de Tncarcare - (indusi^
punted) (mar.) full reach and burden

INT-INV

intreprinde v.t. (a intreprinde, a initia;

a lua in antrepriza) to undertake mtreprindere
s.f. 1. (actiune, initia-tivd) undertaking,
enterprise; {antrepriza) enterprise 2. (societate,
com-panie, firmd) company, corporation, firm,
undertaking, establishment;
(fabrica) factory, plant, industrial unit,
shop; (societate care executd hicrdri in
antrepriza) enterprise
~ cu tratament preferential (acordat membrilor de sindicat)
preferential shop
~ de stat - state (-owned) enterprise
~ deschisa - {care angajeaza si
muncitori nesindicalizati) open shop
~ inchisa - (care mi angajeaza
muncitori nesindicalizati) closed shop
~ mare - large company
~ mica - small company/business
~ particulars - private enterprise
~ riscanta - {afacere riscanta)
adventure, wildcat
~ sindicalizata - (in care sunt angajati
muncitori nesindicalizati cu conditia ca
ei sd devind membri ai unui sindicat in
termen de 30 de zile de la angajare)
union shop
intreprinderi mici si mijiocii - small
and medium-sized companies
intreprinzator^.ni. entrepreneur
intrerupe v.t. to interrupt, to
discontinue; (a sista, a siispenda) to
suspend; (brusc) to break off;
(functionarea, exploatarea) to shut down;
(alimentarea cu apd, gaze etc.) to cut off
intretine v.t. 1. (pe cineva, o familie) to
mantain, to support, to keep 2. (a pdstra) to
keep; {in bund stare) to keep

195

in repair/good condition 3. (corespondentd) to keep up

intretinere s.f. 1. (a cuiva)
maintenance, support; (alocatie)
allowance; alimony 2. {tehnicd)
maintenance, upkeep, service
~ periodica - preventive maintenance
~ i reparatii - maintenance and repair
~ $i reparatii curente - operating
maintenance
Tntruni v.t. (conditii, cerinte) to meet,
to correspond to v.r. to gather, to
assemble; {in sedintd) to sit; (despre o
comisie) to meet
intrunire s.f. meeting, assembly,
reunion; (politico) rally
invatare s.f. learning; (predare)
teaching
~ la distanta - distance learning
Tnvatamanti'.n. education
~ elementar - primary/elementary
education
~ mediu - secondary education
~ profesional - vocational education
~ superior - higher/university
education
~ tehnic - technical/engineering
education
invechire s.f. (morald) obsolescence
~ tehnologica - technological
obsolescence
investi v.t. to ivest/to vest (in, with)
~ pe cineva - to vest smb. with power
~ pe cineva cu drepturi - to vest
rights in smb.
~ pe cineva intr-o functie - to vest
smb. with a function
Tnviora v.r. {despre afaceri, activitdti)
to rally, to revive
Tnviorare s.f. (a afacerilor, a activitdtilor) rally, revival

196

mvoi v.t. to give smb. leave v.r. 1. (reciproc)

to
agree,
to
come
to
an
agreement/understanding 2. (a se tdrgui) to
bargain, to haggle 3. (a con-.s'/wri) to consent,
to give one's consent;
(a permite) to permit, to allow 4. (de la
serviciu) to take leave (of absence) invoiala
s.f. 1. agreement 2. bargain

iNV-PsZ

a cadea la ~ - to conclude/to make, to

settle/to strike a bargain; to come to
terms/an agreement
invoire s.f. leave (of absence), casual
leave
~ pentru motive personale - (deces in
familie etc.) compassionate leave
inzestra v.t. to endow; (cufonduri etc.}
to furnish

J
jena s.f. (financiard) embarrassment,
straits, straitened circumstances
jeton s.n. counter; (care tine loc de
monedd) token
~ de prezenta - tally
~ de prezenta a unui membru din
consiliul de administratie - director's
tally
joc s.n. game
~ de bursa - stock exchange
speculations
~ Ae management - management
game
~ de noroc - game of chance, gamble
~ de simulare/gestiune/intreprindere
- business game
~ final (strategic! finald adoptatd
pentru un prodiis sail o imitate economica) (man.) end game
joint venture s.n. (forma de asociere
intre doud sau mai midte persoane
fizice si/sau juridice in scopul formdrii
unei noi societati en personalitate
jiiridicd pentru atingerea unui obiectiv
specific) joint venture
'- contractual - (contract de colaborare intre mai mniti agenti economici
care isi combind resursele pentru
realizarea unui protect comun, fdrd a
se realiza o societate comerciald} joint
venture contract
juca i'./. (a juca jocuri) to game; (pe
bani} to gamble
~ a la baisse (mcercdnd sd provoace
o scddere a cursiilni) (bur.} to bear, to
speculate on falls

~ a la hausse (mcercdnd sd provoace o

crestere a cursului) (bur.) to bull, to speculate on
a rise
~ la bursa - to speculate (on the stock exchange)
~ la loterie - to put in the lottery judeca v.t. (dr.)
to judge, to try, to adjudicate; to sentence, to
pass sentence on
~ in contumacie - to default ~ un apel - to hear
an
appeal
judecata
s.f.
judg(e)ment,
adjudication;
(proces} trial, (sentintd^ ^A^^ms.YA.,
sentence
~ contencioasa - judg(e)ment in
disputed matters
~ de fond -judg(e)ment on the merits
~ in contumacie - judg(e)ment by
default
~ in ultima instanta - judg(e)ment by
court of last resort
a da pe cineva in ~- - to sue/to
summon smb. at law/in court, to
proceed against smb.
judecator s.m. judge; magistrate
~ asesor - associate judge
~ de instructie - examining judge
~ recuzat - challenged judge
~ sindic - receiver (in bankruptcy),
asignee in bankruptcy
jumatate s.f. half; (dr.) moiety
~ de norma - half time
~ -jumatate - half-and-half
jurat s.m. juryman, juror; pi. jury(men)
juridic adj. juridical, judicial; legal
jurisconsult s.m. jurisconsult, jurist,
legal adviser/expert

198

jurisdictie s.f. jurisdiction

~ consulara - consular jurisdiction
~ contencioasa - contentious
jurisdiction
~ de apel - appellate jurisdiction
~ exclusiva - exclusive jurisdiction
~ maritima - maritime jurisdiction
~ penala - criminal jurisdiction
~ simultana - concurrent jurisdiction
~ sumara - summary jurisdiction
~ vamala - customs territory
jurisprudents s.f. jurisprudence,
case/statute/judge-made law, the
practice of the courts, the precedents of
a case

~ constanta - well-established
jurisprudence

JUR-JL'S

jurnal s.n. 1. (news)paper, journal;

(cotidian) daily paper; {local) sheet;
(monitor oficial) gazette 2. (cont^
journal, book
~ al incasarilor in numerar - (conl.|
cash receipts journal
~ de casa - (conl.) statement of cash
receipts and disbursements
~ de moda - fashion magazine/journal
~ order - (cont.) books of first?
original/ prime entry
a trece in ~ - (cant.) to journalize
justitie s.f. justice
a deferi pe cineva justitiei - B>|
institute legal proceedings against smb-

K
kilogram S.PZ. kilogram(me)
kilolitru s.m. kilolitre
kilometraj s.n. mileage
tachometer

kilowatt s.m. kilowatt

~ -ora - kilowatt-hour
recorder; kraft s.n. (hdrtie rezistenta folositd la
ambalaj) kraft

L
\aprep. at
~ alegerea vanzatorului - (operatic prin care
vdnzdtorul isi poate alege data tranzactiondrii
efective a actiunilor intr-un interval
determinat de limp) (bur.) seller's option ~
balustrada navei - (formula dintr-un
conosament care aratd cd responsa-bilitatea
armatorului fata de caric inceteazd cdnd
incdrcdtura poate fi descdrcatd) (mar.) at
ship's rail ~ bord/pe nava - aboard, aboardship,
ashipboard
~ eel mai bun curs/pret - (bur.) at best
~ cerere - on demand; (despre o sumd depusd
in banca} at call ~ cursul/pretui specificat sau
la un curs/pret mai bun - (in ordinele de
vdnzare/cumpdrare) (bur.) at or better ~ data (cont.) as at
~ distanta/respect - (despre o tranzactie care
nu se realizeazd intre doud parti inrudite, cum
ar fi o companie sifiliala so) at arm's length ~
livrare - on delivery ~ mal/tarm - ashore ~
mijiocul navei - amidships ~ noroc - at
adventure ~ paritate/valoarea nominala (bur.) at par
~ pretui pietei - at (the) market ~ scadenta - at
maturity, when due ~ suta - per cent
~ si de la - (asig. mar.) at and from ~ termen forward

~ timpul cuvenit - (despre o platd)

(in) due course
~ vedere - at sight
laboratory, n. laboratory
~ pentru analize de titru - assay
office
lada s.f. case, bin; (cu capac) chest;
(cutie) box
~ de ambalaj - packing case
lansa v.t. 1. (un plan, o navd etc.) to
launch 2. (un imprumut) to float, to
issue, to raise; (o subscriptie) to start;
(o companie, un produs etc. cu multd
publicitate) to break lants.n. chain
~ de conducere - chain of command ~
voluntar - (asociatie de detaili^ti care a
convenit sd cumpere de la un singur angrosist,
in schimbul unor facilitdti i avantaje)
voluntary chains lantui valorii - (totalitatea
activi-tdtilor interdependente desfas'urate
intr-o corporatie) (man.) value chain laptar
s.m. dairyman, milkman laptarie s.f.
(magazin) milkshop;
(fermd) dairy
largi v.t. (piata de desfacere) to widen.
to enlarge, to extend
lana s.f. wool
lanarie s.f. wool-spinnmg mill
leafa s.f (pentru intelectuali si
functionari) salary; (pentru muncitori}
wage(s)
leasing s.n. (sistem de finantare a
investitiilor prin care o firma
inchiriazd masini si utilaje moderne de
la societdti specializate) leasing

LEA-LEV

~ de echipament - equipment leasing

~ financiar/de finantare - financial
leasing, finance/capital lease
~ operational - (locatie in care
locatorul intretine si finanteazd activul
fix) operating leasing
lega v.t. 1. (prin contract, angajamente
legale) to bind, to tie up 2. (a testa)
(dr.) to legate, to bequeath
legal adj. legal, lawful; (legitim)
legitimate, rightful; (despre un drept,
un titlu) sound
legalitate s.f. legality, lawfulness
legaliza v.t. (a autentifica) to legalize,
to authenticate, to attest, to certify; (la
notarial) to notarize
legat s.n. (dr.) (mobiliar) legacy;
(imobiliar) devise
legatar s.m. (dr.) (de bunuri mobiliare)
legatee; (de bunuri imobiliare) devisee ~
cu titlu particular - particular
legatee/devisee
~ cu titlu universal - general
legatee/devisee, residuary/sole legatee
legatura s.f. connection, link; relation
legaturi comerciale - trade relations lege
s.f. law, act; (lege emisd de parlament)
statute, enactment ~ antidumping antidumping law ~ antitrust - antitrust law
~ -cadru - skeleton law ~ constitutionals constitutional/ organic law
~ dispozitiva - yielding law ~ economica economic law ~ electorala - election law ~
in vigoare - active law, law in force ~
neaplicata - dormant/unapplied law ^egea
accidentelor de munca -workmen's
compensations act ~ brevetelor - patent
law

201

~ cererii si a ofertei - law of supply

and demand
~ falimentului - insolvent law
~ fondului funciar - land law
~ generala a cererii - general law of
demand
~ generala a ofertei - general law of
supply
~ marinei comerciale - merchant
marine act
~ pescuitului - fishing law
~ prescriptiei - statute of limitation
a aplica o lege - to carry out/to put
into force a law
a avea putere de ~ - to possess force
of law
a eluda ~ - to evade the law
a pune o ~ in vigoare - to give effect
to a law
legifera v.t. to legislate, to enact
legislativ adj. legislative
legislatie s.f. legislation
legislatia asigurarilor sociale welfare legislation
~ muncii - labour legislation
~ societatilor comerciale - company
legislation
legislatie antitrust - antitrust
legislation
legitim adj. legitimate; (legal) legal
legumicultura s.f. vegetable growing,
market gardening
lemn s.n. wood; (cherestea) timber;
(SUA) lumber

lemnarie s.f. 1. (lemne) wood;

(cherestea) timber, timbering; (a unei
constructii) timberwork 2. (depozit) wood
yard 3. ' (meserie) carpentry;
woodcutting \evier s.n.
leverage

202

~ operational (masura in care sunt

utilizate costurile fixe in exploatarea
firmei) (fin.) operating leverage leza v.t.
{imagined, reputatia) to injure;
(interesele) to
endanger, to be
detrimental to
liber adj.
1. free; (independent)
independent; (autonom} autonomous
2. (gratuit) gratis, free (of charge)
3. (disponibil) available; (despre zi) off;
(despre un drum) clear, open;
(neocupat) vacant, unengaged; {despre
un post) void 4. {despre persoane) free,
disengaged; (in afara orelor de
serviciii) off duty 5. (desfdcut, varsat,
in vrac) loose

~ de cheltuieli - free froi.i/of charges,

free of expenses
~ de cheltuieli de alimbare - free (of)
lighterage
~ de cheltuieli ,,de la nava la nava" free out of sea vessel
~ de cheltuieli la descarcare free
out/discharge
~ de cheltuieli la descarcare, inclusiv
lucrul in magazii - free out from
vessel's holds
~ de cheltuieli la incarcare-descarcare si stivuire - free in and
out stowage/stowed
~ de cheltuieli la incarcare, exclusiv
rujarea - free in excluding trimming
~ de cheltuieli la incarcare, inclusiv
rujarea - free in including trimming
~ de cheltuieli la incarcare si
descarcare - free in and out
~ de cheltuieli la incarcare si
descarcare, inclusiv stivuirea si
rujarea - free in and out, stowed and
trimmed

LEV-LIB

~ de cheltuieli la incarcare si stivuire

- free in and stowage/stowed ~ de orice
avarie - (asig. mar.) free of all average
~ de orice cheltuieli - free of all
charges/expenditures/expenses ~ de orice
rise si cheltuieli in contui navei - free of
all risks and expenses to the vessel
'- la bord - (marfa se ridicd de primitor de
la bordul navei) free from alongside, free
on board ~ la bord si rujat - free on board
and (free) trimmed
~ la bord si stivuit - free on board and
(free) stowed
~ -profesionist - freelance ~
schimb - free trade
~ si fara sarcini - free and clear
unencumbered
libera circulatie a fortei de munca -free
movement of labour ~ initiativa - free
initiative liberalism s. n. liberalism
liberalizare s.f. liberalizationderegulation
~ a circulatiei capitalurilor deregulation of capital movement libertate
s.f. freedom ~ contractuala - freedom of
contract ~ de actiune - freedom of action ~
economica - economic freedom librar^.w.
bookseller
librarie s.f. 1. (magazm) bookshop 2(pcupatie) book trade, bookselling ,
libret5'.n. book
| ~ de banca (cornet de depoziqi passbook,
deposit/depositor's book ~ de economii savings book

LIC-LIC

licenta s.f. 1. (diploma) licence, degree 2.

(autorizatie, brevet} licence;
(permis) permit
~ de export - export licence
~ de import - import licence
~ de prospectiune - (pentm
descoperirea zdcdmintelor de hidrocarburi} exploration licence
~ generala deschisa - (fdrd restrictii
la import) open general licence
~ obligatorie - (cisupra unui brevet de
inventie) compulsory licence
~ partiala/cu clauze restrictive restricted licence
~ pentru vanzarea bauturilor
alcoolice numai cu mancare - table
licence
~ permitand vanzarea si consumul
bauturilor alcoolice in local - on
licence
~ permitand vanzarea bauturilor
alcoolice pentru consum la domiciliu
- off-licence
liceu5'.. secondary/high school
~ industrial - trade school
lichid adj. 1. liquid, fluid 2. (fin.)
liquid, ready, quick
lichida v.t. (o afacere, o tranzactie etc.)
to settle; (o datorie) to liquidate, to
clear off, to wipe off/out, to pay up;
(stocul de mdrfuri) to sell out/up; (a soldo) to
clear, to close out; (stocul de materii prime sau
produse finite) to run down; (o societate) to
wind up, to liquidate; (in vamd) (mar.) to clear
lichidare s.f. (a iinei afaceri, a unei tranzactii
etc.) settlement; (acliitare) liquidation;
(vdnzare integrald) sellout;
(soldare) clearance (sale), closeout;
(bur.) settling, settlement; (a unei

203

societdti) winding up, liquidation; {in vamd)

(mar.) clearance ~ a activelor - (achizitionarea
ieftind a unei societdti fie pentru revdnzarea
activelor si inchiderea firmei, fie pentru
lichidarea activelor nerentabile si realizarea de
noi investitii in firmd) asset stripping
~ a dividendelor - (preluarea controlului
asupra
unei
companii,
exploatarea
rezervelor/dividendelor si vanzarea actiunilor,
operatii care due adesea societatea lafaliment)
dividend stripping
~ a soldurilor - clearance/bargain sale ~ a
stocului
inaintea
inchiderii
-(unei
intreprinderi) closing-down sale ~ a
succesiunii - (dr.) settlement of succession
~ curenta - (bur.) current settlement ~ in
numerar - (bur.) cash settlement - in vama (mar.) (ship's) clearance, clearing
~ in vama la plecare - (mar.) clearance
outwards
~ in vama la sosire - (mar.) clearance inwards
~ judiciara - compulsory winding-up, windingup by the court ~ silita - enforced/forced
liquidation ~ voluntara - (a unei societdti)
voluntary winding-up/liquidation ~ voluntara
a
actionarilor -members'
voluntary
winding-up/ liquidation
~ voluntara a creditorilor - creditors
voluntary winding-up/liquidation lichidarea
urmatoare
(bur.) succeeding
account/settlement a fi in lichidare - to be in
liquidation a intra in ~ - to go into liquidation

204

lichidat adj. 1. (despre socoteli) even 2. (w

vama) (mar.) cleared lichidator s.m. (numit de
instantd pentru a inchide o firma falita) (dr.)
liquidator, receiver in bankruptcy, official
receiver,
insolvency practitioner,
conservator ~ de avarie - (asig. mar.) average
adjuster/stater/taker
- provizorm - provisional liquidator lichiditate
s.f. (fin.) liquidity; liquid funds/assets
~ a firmei - firm's liquidity ~ bancara banking liquidity ~ financiara (capacitated
unei mtreprinderi de a se adecva rapid
angajamentelor financiare) financial liquidity
~ internationala - (totalitatea mijioacelor
de platd de care dispune banca centrald a unei
tan pentru utilizarea lor in vederea realizd'-'ii
soldului operatiilor comerciale si financiare
externe ale tarn respective) international
liquidity
~ patrimoniala (maswa m care o unitate
economicd poate face fata datoriilor pe care lea garantat cu patrimonial de care dispune,
aceasta exprimdnd
valoarea
netd
a
patrimoniului
societdtii respective) liquid
assets licit adj. lawful, licit
licita v.i. (a participa la licitatie) to bid;
(pentru furnizarea de mdrfuri, servicii,
executarea de lucrdri) to tender v.t. (a vinde la
licitatie) to (sell by) auction
licitant s.m. bidder; (pentru obtinerea de
contracte) tenderer

LIC-LIN

licitator s.m. (persoand care conduce i

licitatie) auctioneer
licitatie s.f. auction, public sale
(pentru obtinerea unui contract
tender; (SUA) vendue
~ chinezeasca/olandeza - (licitatie i
care se coboard pretui pand se gase^t
un cumpdrdtor) Chinese/Dutch auctior
~ deschisa - {bur.) open outcry
~ englezeasca - (licitatie la car
ofertele de achizitie sunt jacul
incepdnd cu un pret de descliidere si s
continud pdnd cand mmem mi ma
liciteazd peste pretui maxim) Britis.
auction
~ mchisa - closed auction
~ publica - public auction
~ simulata (pentru a urea pretui
mock auction
a fi vandut la '-' - to come/to go/to fai
under the hammer
a scoate la ~ - to bring/to put/to sen
to the hammer
lider s.m. 1. leader 2. (articol van<h
ieftin pentru a atrage clientela) (corn.
leader
~ de cost - (firmd care detine fata d
concurentii ei un avantaj important4
ceea cepriveste costui) cost leader
~ de opinie - opinion leader
~ de piata - market leader
~ de pret (firma care, acliondu
intr-un anumit domeniu, are iniliatm
stabilirii preturilor) price leader i
limbaj s.n. language
i
~ comun de programare orientat |1
probleme economice - coming
business oriented language
|
limita v.t. to limit, to restrict; (drep,
to abridge; (mflatia) to curb

LIM-LIN

limitare s.f.
limitation, restriction,
restraint; (de drepturi) abridg(e)ment;
(a inflatiei) curb
~ a clauzei raspunderii - (asig.)
limitation of liability clause
~ a dividendelor - dividend limitation/
restraint
~ a succesiunii - (la descendentii
dintr-o anumitd lime sau un anumit
sex) tail
~ voluntara a exporturilor - (dintr-un
anumit sector} voluntary exports
restraints
limitat ad], limited; restricted
limitata la capitalul subscris (despre rdspunderea actionarilor)
limited by shares
~ la suma garantata de actionari {despre rdspunderea actionarilor')
limited by guarantee
limita s.f. limit; (in limp) deadline
~ climaterica a padurilor - (cu arbori
pentru cherestea) timber line
~ de credit - credit limit/ceiling
~ de tara (limita riscului de tara)
(fin.) country limit, sovereign risk limit
~ de uzura - wearing limit
~ de vanzare - {bur.) selling limit
~ de varsta - (pentru pensionare) age
limit
~ inferioara - lower limit; (a preturilor, a salariilor etc.) floor
~ legala de creditare - legal lending
limit
~ superioara - upper limit; ceiling
lingou s.n. ingot, bar; (de aw sail
argint) bullion
~ cu titlu legal - ingot of legal fineness
~ de aur sau argint pur - fine bullion

205

lingouri monetare - (de aur sail

argint monetar) standard bullion, mint
fine bars
linie s.f. line
lima pietei de capital - (reprezentarea
grafted a relatiei dintre rise si rata
necesard a rentabilitdtii) capital market
line
~ aeriana - airline, airway
~ bugetara (grup de produse pe care
un consumator Ie poate cumpdra in
functie de venitui propriu) budget line
~ de asamblare/montaj - assembly
line
~ de autobuz - bus line/service
~ de cabotaj - {mar.) coastal line,
coastwise sea lane
~ de cale ferata - railway line
~ de comanda - (man.) line of
command
~ de credit - line of credit, credit line
~ de credit bancara speciala - special
bank credit plan
~ de credit multivalutara - (linie de
credit ce poate fi utilizatd, la alegere,
intr-una sau mai multe volute)
multicurrency credit line
~ de depou - yard line
~ de distributie - (corn.) chain of
distribution
~ de incarcare - (mar.) leadline, load
waterline
~ de navigatie - shipping line
~ de navigatie fluviala - river line
~ de navigatie oceanica - ocean line
~ de productie - production line
~ de produse - product line, range
~ de telecomunicatii - communication
line
~ de transport - transport line

206

~ de transport de marfa de mare

viteza - (c./) fast freight line
~ de transport maritim de marfa cargo line
~ ferata uzinala - railway siding
~ moarta - (c./) blind/dead-end track
~ regulata - (de navigatie) regular line
~ succesorala barbateasca - (dr.) tail
male
~ succesorala femeiasca - (dr.) tail
female
~ tehnologica - process/operation line
~ telefonica - telephone line
~ transatlantica - transatlantic line
lipsa s.f. 1. (necesar, nevoie, insuficienta) lack, want, wantage; (dintr-o
cantitate, dintr-o marfa etc.) short,
shortage, shortfall; (penurie) scarcity,
dearth, stringency; (deficienta)
deficiency; (neajuns) drawback;
(indisponibilitate)
unavailability,
unavailableness 2. (absenta) absence;
(din instanta) (dr.) default
~ de actiuni/acoperire - (bur.) short
of stock
~ de afaceri - slack business
~ de bani - money pressure/scarcity/
stringency, scarcity of money
~ de capital - scarcity of capital
~ de cumparatori - (bur.) sellers no
buyers
~ de lichiditati - (fin.) illiquidity
~ de marfuri - want/scarcity of goods
~ de mana de lucru - scarcity of
labour
~ de numerar - cash shortage
~ de resurse - resourcelessness
~ de titlu de proprietate - (dr.) want
of title
~ de tranzactii - (bur.) no dealings
~ de utilitate - disutility

~ din continut - (m cazul recipientelor

cu marfuri lichide) short of content
~ la cantar/greutate - short weight.
shortage in weight
~ la livrare - short delivery
a da ~ la cantar - to give short weight
a duce ~ de - to be scarce of
lira s.f. lira; (sterlina) pound sterling
lista v.t. (a cotd) (bur.) to list
lista s.f. list, bill; (de preturi, produse^
etc.) schedule
~ a marfurilor de export - export list ;
~ a marfurilor de import - import list i
~ a scadentelor debitorilor - agi]
schedule
~ civila - (alocatii bugetare pent
intretinerea familiei regale) civil list
~ de asteptare/solicitanti - waiting lii
~ de control - check list
~ de cotatii (la cumpdrare sa
vdnzare) (bur.) run
~ de curs'.'ri - (bur.) quotation lis
quote sheet
~ de echipaj - (mar.) crew/ship lu
ship's ledger
~ de investitii financiare red
mandate - (lista de titluri de valoarej^
cdror cumpdrare este recomanda
investment list
~ de materiale - bill of materials
~ de marfuri - list of goods
~ de marfuri interzise - banned list
~ de marfuri nevamuibile - free list]
~ de pasageri - (unbarcati pe o ;
sau intr-un avion) passenger list ~ de
preturi - schedule of prices, ]
list/current, shop bill; (in transpor table
of charges/fares ~ de preturi tarifare tariff list ~ de prioritati - priority list ~
de procese - (dr.) cause list

LIS-L1V

- de reduceri fiscale - table of

allowances
~ de subscript!! - subscription list
~ electorala - poll
~ oficiala - (care confine cursurile
zilnice) (bur.) official list
literatura s.f. literature
~ comerciala - (reclame, brosuri,
cataloage etc.) sales literature
~ de brevete de inventii - patent
documents
litigios adj. litigious, contentious,
outstanding, debatable
litigiu s.n. litigation, contention;
dispute at law
a fi in ~ - to litigate
literal s. n. seaboard, seaside, seashore,
littoral
livada s.f. orchard
livra v.t. to deliver; (a furnizu) to
furnish, to supply
~ gresit - to misdeliver
~ in intregime - (marfa transportata)
to deliver in full
livrare s.f. delivery; (furnizare)
furnishing, supply
~ altei nave (prin transbordare)
delivery overside
~ buna - (de tithiri de valoare ale
cdror caracteristici corespimd
exigentelor burs i ere salt contractuale)
good delivery
~ completa - full delivery
~ completa in bune conditii - safe and
full delivery
~ conform uzului - customary
delivery
~ contra ramburs - cash on delivery
~ cu intarziere - delayed delivery
~ defectuoasa - (de titluri de valoare
ale caror caracteristici nu corespimd

207

exigentelor bursiere sau contractuale)

defective delivery ~ efectiva - actual delivery ~
eronata/gresita - misdelivery ~
expresa/rapida - express delivery ~ franco delivered free ~ franco domiciliu - delivery
free domicile
~ imediata - prompt/spot deliver)7 ~
incompleta/in minus - short delivery
~ la acceptare - delivery on acceptance
~ la bordul navei - (mar.) delivery on board
~ la cerere - delivery on call '- la termen forward/future delivery - langa nava/sotto
palanco - (mar.) delivered/delivery alongside
ship ~ partiala - part/partial delivery ~ peste
bord - (mar.) overside delivery
~ restanta overdue delivery livrari
contractuale - contract supplies
~ esalonate - staggered deliveries livrat adj.
delivered ~ contra warant - stored terms ~ in
bune conditii - delivered sound ~ la frontiera
- delivered at frontier ~ , taxele vamale
neplatite - delivered duty unpaid
~ , taxele vamale platite - delivered duty paid
livra s.f. (imitate de masura pentru greittate)
pound livret^.?!. book
~ de banca (carnet de depozit) passbook,
deposit/depositor's book ~ de economii savings book

208

loc s.n. place, spot; (la teatru, in

parlament etc.) seat; (in vehicul, la
hotel} accommodation
~ de destinatie - place of destination
~ de escala - place of call
~ de livrare - place of delivery,
delivery point
~ de munca - place of employment/
work
~ de plata - place of payment/
performance; (al unui efect de comert)
domicile
~ de reedinta - residence
local adj. local s.n. 1. (cladire)
building; (cladire cu teren, instalatii
etc.) premises 2. {restaurant)
restaurant, public house, pub
localizare s.f. localization
~ a industriei (proces opus
globalizdrii) localization of industry
locatar s.m. lodger; (chirias) tenant
locativ adj. living; tenant's...; (despre
valoare) rental
locatie s.f. hire, hiring, renting;
location
~ de gestiune - administration location
~ de vagoane - truck hire, demurrage
charge; (SUA) railroad demurrage
~ financiara/de capital - capital lease
~ pentru marfurile depuse pe chei (mar.) wharf demurrage
locomotiva s.f. locomotive, engine
~ de manevra - yard locomotive
~ impingatoare - bank locomotive,
banking engine
~ pentru trenuri de marfa - freight
locomotive
loctiitor s.m. deputy, caretaker, locum
tenens
locuinta s.f. dwelling place, abode,
lodging, house; (dr.) tenement

LOC-LUA

~ cu dependinte - (dr.) messuage

locuitor^./n. inhabitant
~ de pe coasta - shoreman
logistica s.f. logistics
~ a companiei - company/business
logistics
logograma s.f. logogram
~ de corporatie - corporate
logo (gram)
loialitate s.f. loyalty
~ a consumatorului - (fata de o
marca) consumer loyalty
~ fata de marca - (a consumatorilor}
brand loyalty
lombardizare s.f. (depunere in gaj de
titluri de valoare drept garantie pentru
un imprumut) lend against securities
lot s.n. 1. (de mdrfuri) batch, lot.
parcel; (de actiuni) lot 2. (de teren}
plot, parcel; (mic) strip; (dat in arenda
uneifamilii) allotment
~ complet - (de circa 100 de actiuni pe
care un investitor doreste sd Ie
cumpere) (bur.) round lot
~ de marfuri - lot/parcel of goods
~ de proba - (de mdrfuri) trial lot
~ incomplet/nereglementar - (de
mdrfuri sau actiuni) odd lot
~ minim - (numdr minim de actiuni!pentru ca un curs sdfie inserts pe lista\
de cotatii) (bur.) round lot, minimum!
unit of trading
I
loterie s.f. lottery
loto s.n. lotto
loxs.n. lottery ticket
luare s.f taking
~ de decizii - decision making
~ de decizii in conditii de certitudin
- decision-making under certainty
~ de decizii in conditii de rise
decision-making under risk

LUA-LUX

~ de probe - sampling, sample taking

~ in consideratie - taking into
account/consideration
~ in posesie - entry
lucra v.i. 1. to work; (a trudi) to toil, to
labour 2. (a functiond) to function;
(despre o marina, un utilaj) to work, to

run v.t. 1. (pamdntui) to till, to labour,

to cultivate 2. (a prelucra) to work out
-in acord -to job
~ la capacitatea maxima - to work
at/to capacity
~ mai repede/bine - (decaf) to
outwork
~ pe cont propriu - to work on one's
own
~ peste program - to work overtime
~ prost/de mantuiala - to lie down on
the job, to underwork
~ putin/insuficient - to underwork
lucrare s.f. working, work
~ de diploma/stat - graduation/
diploma paper
~ in antrepriza - contract work
~ pregatitoare - preliminary work
lucrari ale conferintei - debates/
proceedings of the conference
~ de intretinere a drumurilor roadworks
~ de prospectiune - exploration works
~ de reparatie - repair works
~ in executie - work in progress
~ publice - public works
~ restante - arrears of work
lucrativ adj. lucrative, gainful, paying,
remuneratory
lucrator adj. working, work... s.m.
worker, workman
~ cu ziua - (zilier) day labourer

209

~ la domiciliu - outworker, outside

worker
~ pe cont propriu - (in propria
afacere) self-employed worker
~ specialist - expert workman
lucru s.n. 1. thing, object; pi. (efecte
personate} (dr.) chattels; things,
belongings 2. (mimed) work; (activitate) activity; (pcupatie) employment;
(slujba) ]ob

~ cu bucata - piecework
~ cu ziua - daywork, joumeywork
~ de mana - handiwork
~ in echipa - team work
~ in regie - force account
~ la domiciliu - outwork
~ manual - handwork
a cauta de ~ - to look for a job
a da de ~ muncitorilor - to employ
workers
a nu avea de ~ - to be out of work
lunar adj., adv. monthly
luna s.f. (calendaristica) month
~ calendaristica - (calendar) month
~ cu 31 de zile - odd month
~ curenta - present month
lupta s.f. fight; struggle
~ a mandatarilor - (incercarea unei
persoane sau a iinui grup de a cdstiga
controlul asupra unei societdti
convingdnd aclionarii sd voteze o noua

conducere) proxy fight

~ de clasa - class struggle/warfare
lux s.n. luxury
~ de amanunte - profusion of details
a trai in ~ - to live in luxury
luxos adj. luxurious

M
macara s.f. crane
~ de chei - (dockside/quay) crane
~ de transbordare - transshipment
crane
~ grea - titan crane
~ pe senile - caterpillar/crawler crane
~ pe sine - rail crane
~ plutitoare - float/floating crane,
crane ship
~ -turn - derrick/tower crane
~ umversaia - general-purpose crane
macaragiu s.m. craner, crane
attendant/driver/operator
macroeconomic adj. macroeconomic
macroeconomie s.f. macroeconomics
macromarketing s.n. macromarketing
macrostabilizare .'>./ macroeconomic
stabilisation
maculatura s.f. scrap/waste paper
maestru s.m. (cont.) ledger
magazie s.f. storehouse, repository,
depot; (de marfuri) warehouse; (de
nava) hold
~ de materiale si utilaje - plant
depot/yard
~ frigorifica - cargo reefer space;
(mar.) refrigerated/freezing hold
magazin s.n. 1. shop; (S UA) store
2. (revista) magazine, periodical
~ al unei intreprinderi (pentm
angajatii acesteia) company store
~ alimentar in incinta fabricii tommy shop
~ captiv - (care isi poate desfusura
activitatea intr-o cladire cu conditia de
a vinde numai marfuri furnizate de

proprietarii imobilului respective

captive outlet
~ central - (al imui lant de magazine}
parent store
~ cu amanuntui - retail shop
~ cu autoservire - self-service store
~ cu marfuri scutite de taxe vamale duty-free shop
~ cu preturi reduse - discount/cut-price shop
~ cu vanzare pe baza de catalog catalogue store
~ de cadouri/articole la moda - gift
shop
~ de cartier - (care se adreseaza
clientele! dintr-o anumita zond si are
program prelimgit) convenience store
~ de marfuri de ocazie/la mana a
doua - second-hand shop
~ de solduri - (de carti) remainder
shop
~ de vechituri -junk shop
~ general - variety shop
~ in retea - multiple/chain store
~ specializat - speciality shop
5
~ universal - department(al)/general |
store; emporium, baza(a)r
magazinaj s.n. 1. (depozitare}
warehousing, storing (of goods)
2. (taxa) storage charges
magaziner s.m. warehouseman.
warehouse keeper, storeman,,
storekeeper
J
magistral s.m. magistrate; judge
magistratura s.f. magistrature,;
magistracy, magistrateship

MAG-MAN

magnat s.m. magnate; (industrial,

financiar) tycoon
maistru s.m. foreman
~ de exploatare - foreman of
development
~ de productie - foreman of
production
majora v.t. (preturi, salarii etc.) to
increase, to raise; (preturi) to advance;
(a scumpi) to put up/to increase the
price ofv.r. (despre preturi} to advance
majorare s.f. (de preturi, salarii etc.)
increase, raise, rise; (de preturi)
advance
~ a preturilor - price advance,
increase in prices
~ a salariilor - wage rise
majoritate s.f. majority
~ absoluta - absolute majority
~ calificata - specified majority
~ de doua treimi - two-third's
majority
~ de voturi - majority of votes
~ relativa - relative majority
~ simpla - simple majority
a obtine o ~ - to secure a majority
management^./?, management
~ al activelor - {gestionarea activelor
unei institutii financiare) (fin.) asset
management
~ al activitatii de birou - office
management
~ al afacerii - business management
~ al contului - account management
~ al datoriilor - debt management
~ al distributiei lizice - (a mdrfurilor,
vizdnd probleme legate de ambalare,
transport, depozitare etc.) physical
distribution management
~ al marcii - brand management

211

~ al pasivelor - (politico bdncilor de atragere

a
fondurilor
prin
ratele
dobdnzilor
practicate) liability management
~ al productiei - production management
~ al produsului - product management ~ al
proiectului - project management ~ al
resurselor - resource management ~ al
riscurilor - risk management ~ al timpului {individual) time management
~ bazat pe principiul rezultatelor -(bune sau
rele) management by principle
~ de conducere si personal - (grupul de
manageri care organizeazd pro-ductia si
serviciile intr-o companie) line and staff
management ~ de criza - crisis management ~
de marketing - marketing management
~ de portofoliu - portfolio management
~ descentralizat - decentralized management
~ educational - educational management
~ financiar - financial management ~
operational - operations management
~ participativ - participatory management
~- prin eliminare - {a datelor nesem-nificative
din biigete sau planuri in scopiil unei corectii)
management by exception
~ prin obiective - (pentru o eficientd sporitd)
management by objectives ~ prin prezenta management by walking about

212

managementui calitatii - quality

management
~ calitatii totale - total quality
management
~ resurselor umane - human-resource/personnel management
manager s. m. manager
~ al unui fond mutual - fund manager
managerial adj. managerial
manco s.n. deficiency, shortage
~ de casa - shortage in the cash
mandants.m. principal
~ si mandatar - principal and agent
mandat s.n. 1. mandate; (procuro)
procuration, proxy; (de arestare,
perchezitie etc.} warrant 2. (postal)
money/postal order
~ de aducere - order to offender,
witness to appear
~ de arestare - warrant for arrest
~ de deputat - member's (electoral)
mandate
~ de perchezitie - search warrant
~ postal - money/postal/post-office
order
~ postal international - international/
foreign money order
~ postal telegrafic - telegraphic
money/postal order
a trimite prin ~ - (bani) to remit
mandatar s.m. mandatory, mandatary;
attorney (-in-fact); (imputernicit)
procurator, proxy; (administrator,
curator) trustee
~ pasiv - (fdra sarcind activd de
indeplinit) naked trustee
manevra v.t. to manipulate, to handle;
(o marina, un utilaj) to operate, to run, to
work; (vagoane) to shunt; (yagoane de
mar/a) to marshal; (o nava) to manoeuvre,
to handle

MAN-MAN

manevrabil adj. manageable; workable

manifest s.n. 1. (program) manifesto:
(aruncat, distribuit) leaflet 2. (lista a
incdrcdturii navel) (mar.) manifest
~ al mcarcatorului - shipper's
manifest
~ al incarcaturii - cargo manifest
~ al navei - ship's manifest
~ de bord - summary of bills of lading
~ de export - outward manifest
~ de import - inward manifest
~ de marfa incarcata - ship cargo/
shipping manifest
~ de tranzit - transit manifest
manifold s.n. 1. (carnet de note,
facturi cu color) manifold 2. (conducta
la petroliere) manifold
~ de descarcare - discharge/delivery'
manifold
~ de incarcare - cargo loading
manifold
manipula v.t. to manipulate, to handle;
(o marina, un utilaj) to operate, to run, to
work; (manual) to manhandle ~ piata - to
rig the market manipulare s.f.
manipulation, handling; (hamaldc)
porterage; (o;
masind, un utilaj) operating, working |
~ a materialelor - material's handling ,
~ de marfuri - cargo handling
~ manuala - manual handling,,
manhandling
~ mecanica - mechanical handling
~ sigura/fara pericol - safe handling
~ si transport de marfa - freigl
handling
manual adj. manual, hand... s.r,
(ghid) handbook, manual, guide; (car
cuprinde unitdtile monetare, de mdsur\
ale mai multor tan) cambist
manufactura v.t. to manufacture

MAN-MAR

manufacture s.f. manufacture;

(fabrica) manufactory
marca v.t. to mark, to put a mark on;
(cu tin semn distinctly) to earmark; (un
obiect de metal pretios) to hallmark;
(metale, marfuri etc.) to stamp; (pretui)
to ticket up; (a matrita) to stencil; (a
bifa) to (mark with a) check
marca s.f. 1. mark; (la metale
pretioase) plate mark, hallmark 2. (tip,
model) brand 3. (timbru) stamp
~ a distribuitorului/proprie - (mime
de marca atribuit unui produs de cdtre
un intermediar, de obicei un detailist
important) dealer's/private/own brand
~ a fabricii - manufacturer's brand/
mark, trademark
~ a monetariei - mint mark
~ de dimensiuni - (pentru marfuri)
measurement mark
~ de flanc - (marca noud lansatd de o
companie ce comercializeaza deja o
alta m aceeasi categoric de produs)
flanker brand
~ de greutate - weight mark
~ de grup - group mark
~ de identificare - (a coletelor de
marfd) head mark
~ de manipulare - (pentru mdrfurile
fragile) handling mark
~ de origine - mark of origin
~ de port - (pentru marfuri) port mark
~ de produse standard - standard
brand
~ de thru - assay mark
~ depusa/de comert mregistrata registered trademark
"- globala - global brand
~ inregistrata - trademark, registered
mark, trade name
~ noua - new brand

213

~ superioara/de calitate - choice brand

mare s.f. sea
~ continentala/interioara - continental/inland sea
"- intercontinentala - intercontinental/
mediterranean sea
~ litorala/marginala - adjacent/
littoral/marginal sea
marfar s.n. goods/freight train,
freightliner marfa s.f. commodity,
merchandise;
(transportata) freight, cargo; pi. goods
~ ambalata - packaged cargo/freight/
goods
~ cautata/care se vinde bine - seller
~ containerizata - containerized
cargo/freight
~ cu defect - flaw
~ cu proprietar necunoscut - waif
~ curata - clean cargo
~ de cabotaj - (mar.) coastal/coastwise
freight
~ de export - (mar.) outward cargo
~ de import - (mar.) inward cargo
~ de mare gabarit - large-size freight
~ de punte - (mar.) deck cargo
~ de sezon - seasonal cargo
~ de umplere - (a spatwiui gol dupd
stivuire) (mar.) filler cargo, small
stowage

~- eterogena - (greu de stivuit)

heterogeneous cargo
~ fara ambalaj - unprotected cargo
~ fara proprietar - bona vacantia
- grea - heavy (-weight) cargo; (mar.)
deadweight cargo
~ grea in vrac - heavy bulk cargo
~ incompatibila - (care mi poate fi
transportata impreund cu alte marfuri)
incompatible cargo

214

~ in ambalaj izolat - insulated cargo ~

lichida in vrac - liquid bulk cargo ~
nesortata- buikpik ~ neincarcata - (din
lipsd de spatiu) (mar.) short shipment ~
pachetizata - unitized cargo/load, unit load
~ paletizata - palletized cargo ~
pretentioasa - (in privinta con-ditiilor de
transport) critical cargo ~ ramasa - (dupd
descdrcare) residue/ residual cargo ~
rentabil de transportat - best-paying cargo
~ schimbata prin troc - swap ~ solida in
vrac - solid bulk cargo ~ transportata pe
mare - seaborne/ seagoing cargo
marfuri abandonate - (fdra proprietor)
abandoned goods ~ antrepozitate warehouse goods ~ avariate/deteriorate damaged goods
~ congelate - frozen goods ~ cu livrare
imediata - actuals, physicals
~ cu livrare la termen - futures ~ cu miros
specific - odorous goods ~ cu tarif vamal
scazut - low-duty goods
~ cu volum redus - low-measurements
goods ~ cumparate sub pornirea
impulsului
- impulse goods
~ de balast - (mar.) kentledge goods
~ de baza - primary goods, staple
~ de baza ale exportului - staple
exports
~ de calitate inferioara - off-grade/-quality goods
~ de calitate medie - middle goods

MAR-MAR

~ de calitate superioara - superior/

prime goods, firsts ~ de cafitatea a treia thirds ~ de contrabands - contraband/
smugg/eof goods

~ de folosinta indelungata - durable goods,

durables
~ de folosinta scurta - nondurable/singleuse goods ~ de folosinta semiindelungata
semidurable goods
~ de larg consum - consumer goods ~ de lux
- fancy goods ~ de mare viteza express/speed goods
~ de mica viteza - slow goods, ordinary
freight
~ de prima/stricta necesitate -essential
goods
~ de proba - goods on approval ~ de uz
curent - (procurabile in apro-pierea
locuintel) convenience goods ~ de valoare value/valuable goods ~ de
volum/cubaj/voluminoase
measurement/measure goods ~ disparate
vandute angro -job lot ~ disponibile present goods, trading stock, stock-in-trade;
(cu livrare ime-^ diata) spot (goods)
~ diverse/variate - miscellanec goods
~ fabricate in tara - domestics ~ facturate invoiced goods ~ finite - finished goods ~
fragile - fragile goods ~ generate - general
goods, generals ~ impuse - taxed goods,
goods rated ~ indisponibile/deHcitare
unavailable goods
~ individualizate- ascertained goods ~
industriale - industrial goods

MAR-MAR

~ inerte - (minereuri, nisip, bumbac, land

etc.) inert goods
inflamabile - inflammable/
flammable goods ~ in baluri - bale goods
~ in comision - goods on commission ~ in
consignatie - goods on consignment
~ in legaturi - bundle goods "- in
lichidare (ale unei firme falimentare)
distress goods ~ in partizi - goods making
up a parcel ~ in tranzit - transit goods
-" in vama - bonded goods
~ in vrac - bulk goods
~ insacuite - bagged goods
~ la moda - {niai ales articole de
vestimentatie) fashion goods
~ lichide - wet goods
'- licite - lawful merchandise
~ livrate cu facilitati de plata - goods
supplied on deferred payments
- marcate - (cu etichete) labelled
goods
~ neambalate/desfacute - loose/
unpacked goods
~ nedeciarate - (in vama) unentered
goods

~ neidentificate/neindividualizate (in contract) unascertained goods

~ nelivrate/nepredate - undelivered
goods
~ neridicate - unclaimed goods
~ neridicate in termen - overtime
goods
~ nevandabile - unrealizable goods
~ nevamuibile - free/uncustomed
goods
~ nevamuite unentered/uncleared
goods

215

~ nevandute - goods on hand

~ periculoase - dangerous/hazardous
goods
~ perisabile - perishable goods,
perishables
~ prafuite - dusted goods
~ prohibite - (la export sou import)
prohibited goods
~ refuzate - returns
~ returnabile - (furnizorului) unsolds
~ rubricate - (intr-un document de
transport) subject/captioned goods
~ sechestrate - distrained goods
- straine/de import - foreign goods
~ supuse accizelor - excisable goods
~ textile - textiles, soft goods
~ textile cu metraj in bucata - piece
fabric/goods, yard goods
~ transbordate - transshipment goods
~ transportate pe apa - waterbome
goods
~ umede - moist goods
~ uscate - (grdne, textile etc.) dry
goods
~ uoare - light goods
~ vandabile - realizable/marketable
goods
~ vamuibile - dutiable goods
marfurile cumparate nu se schimba
- no goods exchanged
maricultura s.f. mariculture, sea
farming
marin adj. marine, sea...; maritime
marinar,?.;. sailor, seaman, mariner
~ brevetat - able-bodied seaman
~ de cabotaj - shoaler
necalificat/stagiar - ordinary
seaman marina s.f. marine

MAR-MAT

216

~ comerciala - commercial/mercantile marine,

merchant marine/navy, merchant shipping ~
militara - navy, naval forces maritim adj.
maritime, marine;
seaborne,seagoing
marja s.f. (bur., corn., cont., fin.)
margin
~ a dobanzii - (cliferenta dintre ratele
dobdnzilor creditoare i debitoare ale
unei band) interest margin
~ bruta - (diferenta dintre pretui de
vdnzare cu amdnuntid fi eel cu
ridicata) (corn.) gross margin
~ de contributie - (contributia la
costurile fixe sau venitui ramas dupd
plata cos turilor fixe) (fin.) contribution
margin
~ de profit - profit margin
~ de profit net - net profit margin
~ de siguranta - (diferenta dintre
veniturile obtinute din vdnzdrile
curente fi cele realizate la pragul de
rehabilitate) (fin.) margin of safety,
safety margin
marketing A. n. marketing
~ comun - (a/ unui grup de producdtori care colaboreazd pentru
lansarea mdrfurilor lor pe piata)
cooperative marketing
~ de stimulare - incentive marketing
~ direct - direct marketing
~ in retea - network marketing
~ nonprofit - nonprofit marketing
~ pe baza acceptarii produsului - (de
cdtre consumatori) product acceptance
marketing
~ simbiotic - (realizat prin acorduri
intre doud sau mai multe firme)
symbiotic marketing
~ social - social marketing

marxism s. n. Marxism
~ -leninism - Marxism-Leninism
masa s.f. 1. table 2. (mdncare) meal.
fare 3. (in fizicd etc.) mass
~ de joc - gambling table
~ de sens - writing table, desk
~ monetara - money supply
~ specifica aparenta - bulk density
~ specifica in vrac - bulk weight
~ si casa - (pensiune) board and
lodging
~ verde - official board, green table:
(fur a.]) green fodder
masina s.f. machine; engine;
(automobile car

~ contabila de calcul/facturat si
contabilizat - accounting machine
~ de ambalat/impachetat - package
wrapping machine, packer
~ de asamblat - assemb
~ electrica de assembling machine casa electric cash
register
~ de etichetat - labeller
~ de facturat - billing machine
~ de insacuit/ambalat in saci - sack
packer, sack-filling machine
~ de scris - typewriter
~ de serviciu - company car
~ de sortare - sorter
~ de tiparit bancnote/titluri de;
valoare - security printer
|
~ postala de francat - postal franking J
machine
~ -unealta - machine tool
~ universala - versatile machine
matca s.f. (color, talon) counterfoil,
heel, stub
material adj., s.n. material
~ de ambalare - packing material
~ de inlocuire - substitute material ;
~ deficitar - shortage material
I

MAT-MAS

~ inflamabil - inflammable/flammable
material
~ lemnos - wood, timber; (SUA)
lumber
~ nefolosit vandut de guvern/stat government surplus
~ plastic - plastics
~ publicitar - advertising/publicity
material, promotion matter
~ publicitar colant - sticker
~ publicitar postal - mailshot
~ rulant - (c.f.) rolling stock, railway
vehicles
materiale de constructie - building
materials
~ refolosibile - reusable materials
~ textile - textiles
materie s.f. material
~ prima - raw/working material; (in
industria petrochimica) feedstock;
(introdusd in procesul de fabricatie)
throughput
~ prima deficitara - scarce raw
material
~ prima strategics - strategic raw
material
matrice s.f. matrix
~ de conducere - (metodd de conducere a firmelor multinationale care
implied acordarea responsabilitdtilor
pentru sectoare din activitatea companiei atat organizatiei nationale, cat si
diviziilor de productie) matrix
management
maturitate s.f. (scadenta) maturity
a ajunge la ~ - to mature
maxim(al) adj. maximum
maximiza v.t. to maximize
maximizare s.f. maximization
~ a profitului - profit maximization
maxim(um) s.n. maximum, upper limit

217

mari v.t. to enlarge; (a spori, a create)

to increase; (preturi) to mark up, to
push up, to boost; (pretui, valoarea
etc.) to enhance; (preturi, salarii etc.)
to raise v.r. to increase
marime s.f. size
~ obisnuita/curenta - (de articole de
imbrdcdminte) stock size
marire s.f. (a preturilor etc.) increase,
upturn, upswing, boost, raise
~ a capitalului social - increase of
capital
marunt adj. (despre cheltuieli) petty;
(despre bani) loose
maruntis s.n. 1. (bani mdrunti) (small)
change, small coin/money, loose
cash/change/money 2. pi. (mdrfuri)
small goods, petty/small wares
masurare s.f. measurement
~ a timpului (in munca manuala)
methods time measurement
~ a timpului prin comparare differential timing
~ a ulajului - ullaging
masura s.f \. measure; (masurare)
measurement; (intindere) extent;
(cantitate) quantity, amount 2. (corn.)
size; fitting
~ de capacitate - measure of capacity,
liquid measure
~ de capacitate pentru cereale si
marfuri pulverulente - corn and dry
measure
~ de capacitate pentru marfuri
pulverulente - dry measure
~ de cherestea - (care foloseste ca
imitate piciorul - cherestea) board
measure
~ -etalon - standard of measurement
~ foarte mare - {la imbrdcdminte)
outsize

218

~ metrica/zecimala - decimal measure ~

provizorie/temporara - stopgap masuri
antiinflationiste - anti-inflationary measures
~ de protectia i medicina muncii health and safety
~ de urgenta - emergency measures
~ deflationiste - deflationary measures
~ energice - strong measures
~ represive - retaliatory measures
~ restrictive - restrictive measures
~ i greutati - weights and measures
mana s.f. hand
~ de lucru - manpower, labour (force),
hands
~ de lucru angajata cu contract contract/indentured labour
~ de lucru calificata - skilled labour
~ de lucru neproductiva unproductive labour
~ de lucru ocazionala/sezoniera casual labour
~ libera - free hand, full authority
a avea ~ libera - to have a free hand
a duce lipsa de ~ de lucru - to be
short of hands
mecanic adj. mechanical s.m.
mechanic; engineer
~ brevetat- (mar.) certified engineer
~ de locomotiva - engine operator/
driver, engineman
- de punte - (mar.) deck engineer
~ -masinist - engineer
~ -sef - master mechanic, chief
engineer
mecanism s.n. mechanism; machinery;
device; gear
~ al economiei de piata - market
economy mechanism
~ al preturilor - price mechanism

MAS-MED

~ al ratei de schimb - exchange rate

mechanism
~ de echilibrare - (a balantei
comerciale) adjustment mechanism
~ economic - economic mechanism
mecaniza v.t. to mechanize
medic s.m. physician, doctor
~ chirurg - surgeon
~ de medicina generala - family
doctor
~ igienist - health officer
~ legist - forensic expert
~ veterinar - veterinary surgeon
medicament s.n. medicine, drug,
medicament
~ care poate fi cumparat fara reteta
medicala - over-the-counter drug
medicina s.f. medicine
~ a muncii - industrial/occupational
medicine
~ legala - forensic medicine
medic s.f. average; mean
~ aritmetica - arithmetical mean
~ de lucru - working mean
~ neponderata - unweighted average
~ ponderata - weighted average
mediere s.f. (tranzactionare treptata/
graduald prin cumpdrarea sau vdnzarea de loturi de acUuni din acelayi\
packet la date si preturi diferite) (bur.]
averaging

mediu s.n. environment

concurential
competitivi
environment
~ de afaceri al firmei - firm'! business
environment ~ economic - economic
environment ~ financiar - financial
environment ~ natural - natural
environment ~ social - social environme
background/milieu

MEM-MAR

membru s.m. member; (al unei

societdti stiintifice etc.) fellow; (de
partid, de sindicat) cardholder
~ activ - active member
~ al bursei - floor member
~ al consiliului de administratie (company) director, member of the
board, trustee
~ al unei comisii - (guvernamentale,
parlamentare) commissioner
~ al unui cartel - cartelist
~ al unui consiliu - councillor
~ al unui sindicat - trade unionist
~ al unui sindicat patronal syndicator
~ fondator - foundation/charter
member; (al unei corporatii) corporator
~ neangajat permanent al consiliului
de administratie - outside director
~ onorific/de onoare - honorary
member
~ supleant - acting/deputy member
a fi ~ in - to sit in/on
memorandum s. n. memorandum
~ al acordului - memorandum of
agreement
~ de achitare/indeplinire a obligatiilor - (de cdtre o societate)
memorandum of satisfaction
menaj s.n. 1. housekeeping,
housewifery 2. (gospoddrie) household
menaj er adj. domestic, household...
meniu s.n. menu, bill of fare
~ fix - ordinary
mensual adj. monthly
mentine v.t. to maintain v.r. (despre
preturi} to keep up; (in post) to keep
one's job
mentiona v.t. to mention, to make
mention of; (intr-un contract) to set
forth; (a specified) to specify

219

mercantil adj. mercantile

mercantilism s. n. mercantilism
merceologie s.f. science of
commodities
mercerie s.f.
1. (articole)
haberdashery, mercery, small wares 2.
(prdvalie) small-ware shop
mercurial s.n. (listd de preturi) price
current/list
meserias s.m. handicraftsman,
craftsman, tradesman
meserie s.f. 1. trade, handicraft, craft 2.
(profesie) profession, vocation
~ calificata - skilled trade
mestesug s.n. 1. (meserie) trade,
handicraft, craft 2. (profesie)
profession, vocation 3. (pricepere) skill
4. (artd) craftsmanship
mestesugar
s.m.
artisan,
handicraftsman, craftsman, tradesman
mestesugaresc
adj.
handicraft...
handmade,
metalurgie
s.f.
metallurgy,
metallurgical engineering
metalurgia feroaselor - ferrous
metallurgy
~ neferoaselor - nonferrous
metallurgy
metoda s.f. method; procedure
metoda adaugarii unei cote
marginale fixe la pretui de cost cost-plus method
~ amortizarii liniare - (cont.) straight-line method
~ compararii factorilor - (in
evaluarea unei activitdti) factor
comparison method
~ desfasuratorului - (pentru elaborarea situatiei fluxului de numerar)
(cont.) spreadsheet approach

220

~ in timpi reali - {tehnicd de control

menitd sd diminueze volumul stocurilor pe
care o societate cu profit de pro-ductie
trebuie sd Ie pdstreze) just-in-time
~ posturilor tranzitorii - accrual
basis/concept
~ procentului din vanzari - {metoda
de previziune a nevoilor financiare
prin exprimarea diferitelor posturi de
bilant ca procent din vdnzdri si apoi
inmultirea acestor procentaje cu
vdnzdrile viitoare estimate pentru a
realiza bilanturi pro forma) {cont.)
percentage of sales method
metoda de amortizare - depreciation
method
~ de determinare a preturilor pricing procedure
~ de estimare la valoarea actuala - (a
nnei investitii) present value method
~ de evaluare a stocului - (pentru
alocarea costului de achizitie pe stoc)
{cont.) inventory costing method
~ de finantare - method of financing
~ de ierarhizare a activitatilor - job
ranking method
~ de incercare/testare - testing
method, test procedure
metric adj. metric
metrologie s.f. metrology
metropola s.f. metropolis
metrou
s.n.
underground,
metropolitan; {SUA) subway
metru s.m. metre
~ cub - cubic metre
~ -etalon - standard metre
~ patrat - square metre
mezelarie s.f. 1. sausage factory
2. (magazin) ham-and-beef/pork-butcher's shop

MAR-MB1

mezoeconomie s.f. intermediate levd

of economy
mic adj. 1. small 2. (despre venituri.
beneficii) poor
~ -burghez - petty bourgeois
~ cabotaj - (intre porturile nationalc
din aceeasi mare) (mar) short-sea/near
trade, small(-coast) trade, inshoicl
navigation/coastal traffic
~ gros - (mdsurd echivalentd cu 12
duzini, 144 de obiecte) small gross
mica burghezie - petty bourgeoisie
~ gospodarie taraneasca ~ sn
peasant farm
~ Industrie - small industry
~ productie - small(-scale) productioni
~ publicitate - classific
advertisement
microeconomie s.f. microeconomics
micsora v.f. to reduce, to decrease,
diminish; (preturi, salarii etc.)
lower, to abate, to cut; {preturi) to p
down v.r. to decrease, to diminish.
abate; {despre preturi) to sink
migratie s.f. migration
~ a capitalului - migration of money ~ internationala a fortei de muncainternational labour migration
mijioc s.n. 1. middle 2. {mod
actiune) means; (metoda) methi
(cale) way; {instrument) instrume
{resursa) resource 3. pi. means; a
facilities
mijioace de andocare - doci
facilities
~ de antrepozitare - warehoi
facilities
~ de comunicare in masa media
~ de descarcare - discharge facilitie
~ de incarcare - loading facilities

MIJ-MIN

~ de manipulare a marfurilor - cargo

handling facilities
~ de plata - means of payment,
payment media; circulating medium,
medium of exchange
~ de productie - means of production,
capital/investment goods, producer(s)/
production goods
~ de trai - means of subsistence/living,
livelihood
~ de transport - transport facilities,
means of conveyance
~ fixe - fixed assets, physical capital
~ independente de trai - (obtinute din
rente sail titluri de valoare)

independent means
~ legale de plata - legal tender
~ legale limitate de plata - limited
legal tender
~ locale - local resources
~ plutitoare - floating equipment
~ portuare - docking/harbour facilities
~ publicitare - advertising media
mijioci v.t. (a media) to mediate, to
interpose/to intercede/to intervene in
mijiocitor s.m. mediator, intermediary;
(in negocierf) negotiator; (si in sens
negativ) go-between; (numai in sens

negativ) pander, procurer

mila s.f. (imitate de masurd pentru
lungime) mile
~ britanica/terestra - land/British
mile; (SUA) statute/statutory mile
~ ecuatoriala/geografica - equatorial/
geographical mile
~ marina/nautica - nautical/marine/
sea mile
~ marina engleza/standard Admiralty/English/nautical standard
mile

221

~ marina/nautica internationala international nautical mile

~ Mercator/de latitudine crescanda Mercator's mile
~ -tren - train mile
miliard s.n. milliard; (SUA) billion
miliardar s.m. multimillionaire; (SUA)
billionaire
milion^./z. million
milionar^.w. millionaire
mina s.f. mine; (put) mine, pit;
(cariera) quarry
~ de aur - gold mine, bonanza
~ de carbuni - coal mine/pit, colliery
miner s.m. miner; (din minele de
carbuni} collier
mineral adj., s.n. mineral
mineralier s.n, bulk-ore carrier, ore
carrier/ship/vessel
~ -carbonier - ore-coal carrier
~ -cerealier - ore-grain carrier
~ -petrolier - ore-oil tanker
minereu s.n. ore
~ brut - crude/mine ore
~ -bulgari - lump ore
~ in vrac - ore in bulk
minerits.n. mining

minim adj., s.n. minimum

~ de subzistenta/trai - minimum
living standard
minimaliza v.t. to minimize, to belittle;
(a subaprecia) to disparage
minimum s. n. minimum
minister s.n. ministry; (Anglia) office,
board; (SUA) department
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe Ministry of External Affairs; (Anglia)
Foreign Office; (SUA) State
Department
~ Afacerilor Interne - Ministry of
Internal/Home Affairs; (Anglia) Home

M1N-MO

Office; (SUA) Department of the

Interior
~ Agriculturii - (Anglid) Board of
Agriculture
Apararii - (SUA) Defense
Department ~ Comertului - Ministry of
Trade;
(Anglid} 'Board of Trade; (SUA)

Department of Commerce
~ de Finante - Ministry of Finance;
(Anglid) Exchequer; (SUA) Department
of Treasury
~ de Justitie - Ministry of Justice;
(SUA) Department of Justice
~ Educatiei - Ministry of Education;
(Anglid) Board of Education
~ Sanatatii - Ministry of Public Health
ministru s.m. minister; (Anglid)
secretary of state
~ adjunct - deputy minister; (Anglid)
Undersecretary
~ al afacerilor externe - Minister for
Foreign Affairs; (Anglid) Foreign
Secretary; (SUA) Secretary of State,
State Secretary
~ al afacerilor interne - Minister for
Internal Affairs; (Anglid) Home
Secretary; (SUA) Secretary of the
Interior
~ al comertului - Minister of
Commerce; (Anglid) President of the
Board of Trade
~ de finante - Minister for Finance;
(Anglici) Chancellor of the Exchequer;
(SUA) Secretary of the Treasury
(Department)
~ de justitie - Minister of Justice;
(Anglid) Lord Chancellor; (SUA)
Attorney General
~ fara portofoliu - Minister without
portofolio

~ plenipotentiar - Ministi
Plenipotentiary
minus s.n. minus; (deficit) defici
(lipsd dintr-o cantitate, marfa) short
miscare s.f. 1. motion; movement
(activitate) activity 3. (sociali
movement; (revoltd) revolt, ric
commotion, upheaval, uprising 4. (c.j
traffic management
~ a capitalului - capital movement
~ civila - (care provoacd dawv
(asig.) civil commotion
~ grevista - strike movement
~ portuara - dock traffic
~ revolutionara - revolutionai
movement
~ sindicala - trade-union movement
mita s.f. bribery; illicit commissio'
(data pentru a cumpdra tdcerea cuivi
hush-money; (concret) bribe
mitui v.t. to bribe, to buy off/ove
(martori) to tamper with
mituitor s.m. bribe giver; (de marto?
tamperer
mix s. n. mix
~ de distributie - (combinan
canalelor de distributie) distributk
mix
~ de marketing - (termen general ca
cuprinde diversele elemente d
procesului de marketing) marketa
mix
mixt adj. mixed, joint; (combine
composite, compound
;
miza v.t., v.i. to stake, to gamble \
miza s.f. stake, gamble
moara s.f. mill
~ de apa - water mill
mobila v.t. (a amenaja) to furnish
mobila s.f. furniture, appointments; I
articol separaf) piece of furniture

MOB-MON

mobiliar adj. (dr.) movable, personal

mobilier s.n. furniture, appointments
mobilitate s.f. mobility
~ a capitalului - mobility of capital,
capital mobility
~ a fortei de munca - mobility of
labour, labour mobility
~ profesionala - (schimbarea structurii profesionale) occupational
mobility
mod s.n. mode, manner, way, style
~ de consum - (concept care reflectd
proportiile dintre venituri si inegalitdtile determinate de ele in consumul
popiilatiei) consumption pattern
~ de intrebuintare - pattern
~ de viata {concept esential pentru
deflnirea identitdtii socioeconomice a
uiiui grup social) lifestyle
moda s.f. fashion
model s.n. model, pattern
~ al cresterii economice - model of
economic growth
~ al incasarii debitorilor- collection
pattern
~ de cec - specimen of cheque
~ de utilizare a salariatilor - staff-pattem
~ econometric - econometric model
~ economic - economic model
~ industrial in dezvoltare developing industrial model
~ -tip representative type
modern adj. modern; (la zi, actualizat)
up-to-date
modest adj. (despre venituri, beneficii)
poor
mol s.n. pier, mole
~ cu dana de petrol - oil pier
~ cu dane pentru marfuri - cargo pier
~ vamal - customs wharf

223

monarhie s.f. monarchy

~ absoluta - absolute monarchy
~ constitutionals - constitutional/
limited monarchy
mondial adj. world(-wide)
mondoeconomie s.f. world economy
moneda s.f. (metalicd) coin; (imitate
monetard a unei tdri) currency; money
~ bancara/scripturala - (depozite
bancare etc.) nonphysical/deposit
money
~ -cheie - key currency
~ convertibila - convertible currency
~ cu curs fortat - forced currency
~ cu titlu legal - coin of legal fineness
~ curenta - currency, current money
~ de cont - money of account,
accounting currency
~ de hartie - paper currency/money
~ din aur sail argint - full-bodied
currency
~ dirijata - managed currency/money
~ divizionara/de bilon - fractional
currency/money, divisional/subsidiary/
token coin
~ efectiva - real money
~ elastica - adjustable/elastic currency
~ falsa - false/bad coin, counterfeit
coin/money, base coinage
~ fictiva - fiat money
~ Hduciara - fiduciary note, paper
currency/money, token money
~ Huctuanta - floating currency
~ legala - lawful currency, legal tender
~ -marfa - commodity money
~ metalica - coin, specie, hard money,
metallic currency
~ neconvertibila - unconvertible
currency
~ stabila - stable/sound currency
~ -tip - standard coin

224

monetar adj. monetary, currency...,

nummary, nummular
monetarism s.n. monetarism
monetarie s.f. mint; security printing
office
monocultura s.f. monoculture, one/single-crop system
monometalism s.n. (sistem monetar
bazat pe un singur metal pretios) (fin.)
monometallism, single standard
monopols.n. monopoly
~ absolut - absolute monopoly
~ asupra vanzarilor - selling
monopoly
~ bilateral - (instituit intre un
cumpdrdtor unic si un vdnzdtor unic)
bilateral monopoly
~ comercial - commercial/supplier's
monopoly
~ de stat - public/state/govemment
monopoly
~ discriminatoriu - discriminating/
discriminatory monopoly
~ fiscal - (al statului) fiscal monopoly
~ institutional - (instituit atunci cdnd
proprietarul unei mdrci de fabricd o
foloseste pentru a-si impime produsele
prin publicitate si ambalaj special
pentru a Ie diferentia cu once pret de
oferta concurentel) institutional
monopoly
~ legal legal monopoly
~ natural - (situatie a pietei caracterizatd prin existenta unei singure firme
sau a unui numdr foarte mic de firme
ofertante care dispun de resurse
naturale inaccesibile celorlalte firme)
natural monopoly
~ perfect/total - perfect monopoly
~ unilateral - unilateral monopoly

MON-

monopolist adj. monopolistic

monopolist
monopoliza v.t. to monopolize; <J
to engross; {mdrfuri, actiuni) to cor
monopson s.n. (unicd firmd CUK
rdtoare a unui bun sau a unui serm
oferit de un numdr mare de proSi^
cdtori) monopsony, buyer's monopoly
monopsonist^./M. monopsonist
morar s.m. miller
(
moratoriu s. n. moratorium
mostra s.f. sample, pattern; (J
material textil) swatch
~ aleatorie - random sample
~ de control - check sample
~ de valoare - sample of value
~ din marfa preluata - outturn sampi
~ fara valoare - (mentiune pe un coh
de mostre) sample post
~ gratuita - free sample; (pferitd i
scop promotional) handout
~ medie - (din diferite unitdti d
marfa) unit type
~ reprezentativa - representatm
adequate sample
~ statistics - master sample
a lua o ~ - to take a sample
mosteni v.t. to inherit
mostenire s.f. inheritance, heritagi
hereditament, heirdom; (legaf) legaq
(de bunuri mobile) bequest
~ a unui legatar universal - residual
bequest/legacy
~ neasteptata - windfall
~ vacanta - vacant succession
mostenitoare s.f. heiress
mostenitor s.m. inheritor, hei
(legatar) legatee; (de bunuri inn
biliare) devisee; (succesor} successor
~ aparent - heir apparent
~ legitim/de drept - heir-at-law

MO-MUN

~ prezumptiv - heir presumptive

~ subsecvent - remainderman
~ testamentar - (legatar} heir
testamentary
motel s.n. motel, motor hotel
motivatie s.f. motivation
~ a consumatorului - consumer's
motivation
~ de profit - profit motivation
motiune s.f. motion; vote
~ de incredere - vote of confidence
~ de neincredere - vote of no-confidence, want-of-confidence vote
a adopta o ~ - to carry a vote
mulgere s.f. {strategic de marketing pe
termen scurt care urmdreste obtinerea
rapidd de profit) milking
multibranding s.n. (iitilizarea mai
multor mdrci in cadrul aceleiasi linii
de prodtise) multibranding
multilateral adj. multilateral
multilateralism
s.n.
(corn.)
multilateralism
multimilionar s.m. multimillionaire
multinational adj. multinational
multiplicator^-.w. (fin.) multiplier
~ bugetar - (exprimd cumulativ
efectele politicii bugetare de relansare
economica} budget multiplier
~ fiscal (coeficient ce reflectd
cresterea productiei si a venitidui prin
diminuarea impozitelor, fdrd ca totahd
cheltuielilor bugetare sdfie modificat}
fiscal multiplier
~ monetar - (influentarea masei
monetare din economic prin modificarea necesarului de rezervd sail prin
folosirea operathinilor de piatd
deschisa) money multiplier
munca s.f. 1. work, labour; (grea)
sweat, toil 2. {ocupatie} job, work

225

~ a copiilor - (folosirea copiilor in activitdti

productive) child labour ~ abstracta - (in
teoria marxistd} abstract labour/work ~
accesorie - by(e)-work ~ calificata - skilled
work ~ concreta - (in teoria marxista) concrete
labour/work ~ complementara - follow-up
work ~ conform graficului - schedule work ~
cu norma intreaga - whole-/full--time work
~ cu ziua - work by the day, day labour
~ de birou - office/clerical work ~ de
mantuiala - rush work ~ de noapte nightwork ~ directa (fabricarea unui
produs sail oferirea unui serviciu) direct labour
~ fizica - manual labour, physical work
~ gratuita - labour of love ~ grea/istovitoare hard work, overwork
~ indirecta (activitatea de administrate,
intretinere etc.} indirect labour
~ intelectuala - intellectual/brain work ~ in
acord -job/task work, piecework, work at piece
rates/by the job; (in mine} tutwork
~ in echipa/colectiv - teamwork ~ in
schimburi/ture - shift work/ labour
~ la domiciliu - homework ~ manuala manual work/labour, handiwork ~ necalificata
- unskilled work;
(inferioard} underwork

226

~ neproductiva - unproductive/wasted
work
~ ocazionala - odd work/job
~ platita/salariata - wage/hired labour
~ platita cu ora sau cu ziua timework
~ platita pe unitatea de timp - work
at time rates
~ suplimentara - (ore suplimentare)
overtime (work), overwork, surplus
labour
munci v.i. to work; (a trudi) to labour,
to sweat, to toil; (ocazional) to job v.t.
(pdmantuT) to till
~ in acord - to do piece work, to work
by the piece, to work piecemeal
muncitor adj. \. working 2. (harnic)
industrious, active, hard-working s.m.
worker, workman
~ agricol - agricultural worker,
field/farm hand
~ autorizat - licensed worker
~ calificat - skilled worker
~ care determina norma - pacemaker,
pacer, pacesetter
~ cu jumatate de norma/cu program
redus - half-timer/'-time worker, part-time work
~ cu ziua - day labourer
~ de fabrica - factory worker
~ evazionist - (care are cloud servicii,
veniturile suplimentare obtinute din
cea de-a doua shijbd, practicatd de
obicei noaptea, fund frecvent
nedeclarate) moonligter

MUN-MLT

~ exploatat - sweatee ~ feroviar railman, railwayman;

(SUA) railroader
~ forestier - forest worker; (SL'A}
lumberjack, lumberman
~ industrial - industrial worker
~ invalid/fara capacitate de munca disabled worker
~ in acord - jobber, job/task worker,
pieceworker
~ necaliHcat - unskilled worker,
labourer
~ ocazional - floater, occasional hand
~ portuar - longshoreman, stevedore,
loader, lumper, dock(side)/watersidt
worker; (pe chei) quayman
~ semicalificat - semiskilled worker
~ sezonier - season(al) worker
muncitori esentiali - (cu sarcini ^
responsabilitdti deosebite} (man.) core
workers
~ nesindicalizati - free labour
~ periferici - (mutati in interes dt
serviciu] (man.) peripheral workers
~ sindicalizati - organized/union
labour
municipal adj. municipal
municipalitate s.f. municipality
municipal authority, (municipal
corporation, corporate town
munte s.m. mountain
~ de pietate - pawnshop, mont-det
-piete
I
mutual adj. mutual
I

N
natura s.f. 1. (CM diferite sensuri)
nature 2. (/e/) kind, character
~ i grad al avariei - (asig.) nature
and extent of the damage
a plati in ~ - to pay in kind
nationaliza v.t. to nationalize
naufragia v.i. to (suffer) shipwreck
naufragiu s.n. shipwreck, (marine)
casualty; distress, sea disaster
nava s.f. ship, vessel, boat; (de mic
tonaj) craft, watercraft
~ abandonata - abandoned
ship/vessel, derelict
~ -atelier - repairing ship
~ -baza - accommodation/base ship,
tender
~ ca parte contractanta - (CM obUgatii
?i drepturi) ship's side
~ -cap de convoi - leading vessel
~ -cisterna - tank ship/vessel, tanker
~ combinata - (pentru minereu i
ceredle sail minereu fi cdrbune)
double-duty ship/vessel; (pentru
pasageri i mdrfuri) passenger-cargo
ship/vessel, intermediate/mixed vessel
~ combinata tip OBO - (pentru
petrol-mdrfuri in vrac-minereii)
combined oil-bulk-ore, ore-bulk-oil
ship
~ combinata tip 00 - (pentru petrol
fi minereu) oil-ore ship
~ comerciala - commercial ship/
vessel, merchant ship/vessel, trade
ship/vessel, trading ship/vessel, trader,
freighter, cargo boat
~ compartimentata - subdivided ship

~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting ship,

coastwise
ship/vessel,
coast trade
ship/vessel,
short-haul
ship/vessel,
coaster, shoaler
de cabotaj
mic - short-sea
ship/vessel, inshore vessel ~ de cabotaj
national - home-trade ship/vessel, home
trader ~ de canal - canal boat
- de cartel maritim - conference
ship/vessel
~ de cercetari hidrografice - survey
ship
~ de cercetari oceanografice oceanographic survey ship
~ de companie - (a aceluia^i armator)
sister ship/vessel
~ de control - (yamal, sanitar i de
frontierd) boarding ship/vessel,
examination vessel
~ de control al poluarii - pollution
control ship/vessel
~ de control vamal - customs/revenue
ship
~ de croaziera - cruise ship/vessel
~ de cursa lunga - oversea(s) ship/
vessel, foreign-going ship/vessel, long-range/'distance ship/vessel
~ de cursa zilnica - day-service ship
~ de curse regulate/linie - liner,
regular trader
~ de lacuri - lake craft, lake-type
vessel, laker
de linie transatlantica transatlantic liner ~ de mare tonaj - large
ship/vessel

228

~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk carrier/trader

~ de mic tonaj - small/noncapital ship ~ de
navigatie interioara - inland navigation
ship/vessel
~ de pasageri - passenger ship/
vessel/trader
~ de pastrare temporara a mar-furilor {neincdrcate
in
termen)
ship's
accommodation craft
~ de pescuit - fishing boat/ship/vessel ~ de
rada - roads ship/vessel, roader ~ de
ranfluare - (salvage) lifting craft/ship
~ de serie - serial/series-built vessel, sister
ship/vessel
~ de tonaj foarte mare - leviathan ~ de
tonaj foarte mic - shiplet ~ de transport carrier, carrying vessel
~ de transport combinat - dual--purpose
vessel, combination carrier ~ dezafectata (scoasd din functiune) disabled ship/vessel,
idle ship/vessel, ship out-of-commission ~
fluviala - river boat/ship/vessel ~
frigorifica
refrigerated
carrier/
ship/vessel, reefer (ship) ~ frigorifica de
carne - meat carrier/ship/vessel, frozen
meat ship/ vessel
~ frigorifica de pete - refrigerated fish
carrier
~ in balast - (fdrd incdrcdtura) ship in
ballast
~ in serviciu/exploatare - ship in
commission/service
~ incarcata - ship in laden condition, laden
vessel
~ maritima ~ marine vessel, sea ship,
seagoing ship/vessel

NAV-NAV

~ mineraliera - ore carrier/ship/vessel

mixta - (cdldtori i mar/a) passengercargo ship/vessel, cargo-and-passenger
ship/vessel,
intermediate/mixed vessel; (po^tald ^i
de mar/a) cargo-mail vessel
~ navlosita - chartered ship/vessel,
contract carrier
~ navlosita pe termen - time-chartered ship/vessel
~ necartelata - nonconference
carrier/ship/vessel
~ nuda - (navlosita fdrd echipaj) bare
boat
~ oceanica - ocean-going ship/vessel
~ oceanica de linie - ocean liner
~ pe perna de aer - hovercraft
~ pentru animale vii - cattleship
~ pentru autovehicule - car carrier,
car-transport ship/vessel, vehicle cargo
ship/vessel
~ pentru cereale - cereal carrier, grain
carrier/ship, grain-carrying ship/vessel
~ pentru cherestea - timber carrier/
ship/vessel, timber-carrying vessel
~ pentru ciment - cement carrier
~ pentru materii prime - (minereuri,
titei etc.) industrial carrier
~ pentru marfuri - cargo boat/carrier,
cargo (-carrying) ship/vessel, freight
carrier, freighter
~ pentru marfuri generale - general
cargo carrier/ship/vessel
~ pentru marfuri grele - heavy-cargo/-lift carrier/ship/vessel
~ pentru marfuri in vrac - bulk cargo
carrier/ship/vessel
~ pentru marfuri paletizate - pallet
carrier/ship/vessel, pallet-carrying ship/
vessel

NAV-NAV

~ pentru marfuri standard - standard

cargo ship
~ pentru marfuri uscate - dry-cargo
vessel
~ pentru minereuri fluidizate - slurry
carrier
~ petroliera - oil carrier/ship/vessel/
tanker, oil-carrying ship/vessel, tank
ship/vessel, oiler, tanker
~ portuara - harbour/port ship
~ remorcata - towing ship/vessel
~ sechestrata - arrested ship
~ sub pavilion nationa! - national flag
ship/vessel
~ sub pavilion strain - foreign
ship/vessel, foreigner
~ tip RO-RO - (pentru mijiouce
rulante) roll-on-roll-off ship/vessel,
,,roro" ship/vessel
'- -tramp ~ (de curse neregulate)
tramp, tramper
~ -tramp de linie - tramp liner
- - tramp universala - general-purpose tramp
~ -uzina - (pentru prelurrarea pe^tehii
la bord) factory ship/vessel
a arma o ~ - to fit out a ship
a scoate o ~ din exploatare - to lay up
a ship
naveta s.f. (c.f.) down-and-up-train;
(SUA) commutation
a face naveta - to rim to and fro, to run
shuttle service; (despre o nava, un
aiiiobuz etc.) to ply
navetist.v.m. regular traveller
naviga v.i. to sail, to navigate; (despre
nave comerciale) to trade
navigabil adj. navigable, passable
navigatie s.f. navigation, sailing;
shipping ~ aeriana - air
navigation

229

~ comerciala - commercial navigation/

shipping
~ costiera - coast(al)/coastwise
navigation, coasting
~ de cabotaj - cabotage, short-sea
shipping, inshore navigation
~ de cursa lunga - long-distance/deep-sea navigation, foreign trade
~ fluviala - river navigation
~ interioara - inland/inner/inside
navigation, internal shipping
-- maritima - maritime/marine
navigation, sea navigation/shipping
~ oceanica - ocean navigation/
shipping
~ pe distanta lunga - long-distance
navigation/shipping,
long-range
navigation
~ pe distanta scurta - short-distance
navigation/shipping,
short-range
navigation
~ regulata/de linie - line/liner
shipping
~ -tramp - (pe itinerarii neregulate}
tramp navigation
navlosi v.t. (mar.) to charter, to freight,
to affreight

~ cu navlu forfetar/global - to charter

for lump sum
~ spatiu pe o nava - to charter space
navlosire s.f. (mar.) chartering,
freightage, affreightment
~ a navei nude - (fdrd echipaj i
materiale) chartering by demise, bare-hoat/-mill/-pole chartering
cu
navlu
forfetar/global
affreightment for a lump sum, lump sum
chartering
~ partiala - part chartering ~ pe
termen - time chartering

230

~ pe termen lung - long-term

chartering
~ pe voiaj - trip chartering
~ pentru o calatorie dus-intors round-trip chartering
~ pentru un singur voiaj - single-voyage chartering
~ simpla - single chartering
~ totala (a intregii capacitdti de
incarcare) whole cargo chartering
navlositor s.m. (mar.) charterer,
affreighter, freighter
~ pe termen - time charterer
~ principal - chartered/disponent
owner, freight contractor
navlu s.n. (cost al transportului
mdrfurilor pe apa) freight, charter
money, portage, seaborne/seagoing
freight
~ ad valorem - (calculat in functie de
valoarea mdrfurilor transportate) ad
valorem freight
~ brut - (inclusiv taxelor portuare i
cheltuielile de alimbare) freight in full,
gross freight
~ calculat pentru capacitatea neta de
transport - on deadweight basis
freight
~ castigat oricum - (chiar dacd nova
si/sau caricul s-ar pierde) freight
earned ship and/or cargo lost or not lost
~ contra ramburs - freight forward
~ contractual - charter/chartered/
contract/agreed freight
~ cumulat - aggregate freight
~ de cartel - conference freight
~ de inapoiere home/homeward/
back/retum/inbound/inward freight
~ de plecare/ducere/iesire - outward/
outgoing/outbound/out freight

NAV-NAV

~ diferentiat (pentru mdrfuri care se

transportd regulat in cantitdti man)
commodity rates
~ direct - through freight
~ dublu - double freight
~ ,,dus-intors" - out-and-home freight
~ egal - (chiar dacd nava va descdrca
in mai multe portiiri) flat rate
~ estimat - estimated freight
~ excesiv - (calculat gre^it) excess/
over freight
~ global/forfetar - lump sum freight
~ intreg/total - full freight
~ la cubaj/volum - freight by
measurement
~ la destinatie - destination freight,
port of call freight
~ maritim - sea freight
~ mort (navlu platit pentru spatiul
neincdrcat din vina navlositorului)
dead freight
~ nedeterminat - pending freight
~ net - net freight
~ oceanic - ocean freight
~ pe distanta - distance freight
~ pe timp - charter/time freight
~ pe voiaj - voyage freight
~ pentru marfuri de cabotaj - coastal
freight
~ pentru marfuri de cubaj/volum measurement rate
~ pentru marfuri de export outbound/outward freight
~ pentru marfuri generale - package
freight
~ pentru marfuri in tranzit - in-transit freight
~ platibil in portui de incarcare freight payable at port of loading
~ platibil la destinatie - freight at
risk/payable at destination

NAV-NED

~ platibil pe cantitatea incarcata freight payable on intaken quantity ~

platibil pe cantitatea predata freight payable on delivered quantity
~ platit anticipat - advance/
anticipated/forward freight
~ platit proportional - (cu distanta
parcursd)pro rata freight
~ ridicat - high freight
~ scazut - distress/low freight
~ suplimentar - additional/extra
freight, overfreight
~ $i contrastalii - freight and
demurrage
~ i cost - freight and cost
~ -tramp - tramp/shipping freight
neacceptare s.f. nonacceptance, default
of acceptance
~ a unei cambii - nonacceptance of a
bill of exchange
neachitare s.f. nonpayment; (neonorare a unui cec, a unei cambii)

dishono(u)r
neachitat adj. unpaid, unsettled,
unreceipted; (despre datorii) uncleared;
(despre taxe, impolite} delinquent;
(restant) outstanding
neacoperire s.f. (a unui ordin de plata}
overdraft
nealocat adj. {despre fonduri}
unappropriated
neambalat adj. unpacked, loose
neamortizabil adj. irredeemable,
unredeemable
neamortizat adj. unredeemed
neandosat adj. unendorsed
neanulat adj. uncancelled
neaprobat adj. unapproved
neasigurabil adj. uninsurable
neasigurat adj. uninsured; unassured;
(asig. mar.) bare

231

neautorizat adj. unauthorized,

unlicensed
neavariat adj. undamaged
neavizat adj. (formula pe un efect de
comerf) no advice/orders
nebrevetat adj. unlicensed
necalificat adj. unqualified, unskilled
necatalogat adj. uncatalogued
necesar adj. necessary, needful; (cerut)
required; (indispefisabi!) indispensable,
essential, requisite s.n. want, wantage;
requirement
~ de capital - capital requirement
~ de marja - (suma minima solicitata
m depozit tuturor detinatorilor de
contracte futures} (bur.) margin

requirement
necesita v.t. to necessitate, to require
necesitate s.f. necessity, need; want,
wantage; (cerinta) requirement
necheltuit adj. unspent
necomercial adj. (contrar iizantelor
comerciale) unbusinesslike
necompletat adj. (in alb) blank
neconditionat adj. unconditional;
absolute; (nespecificat) unstipulated;
(fard conditii) termless
neconfirrnat adj. unconfirmed; (despre
vdrsaminte, plati) unacknowledged
neconsemnat adj. (in documentele
oficiale) off^-the-record
neconstituit adj. (sub forma unei
corporatii) (SU.4) unincorporated
neconvertibil adj. unconvertible,
inconvertible
necorespunzator adj. inadequate
necostisitor adj. inexpensive
necotat adj. (bur.) unlisted, unquoted
nedatat adj. dateless, undated
nedebursat adj. undisbursed

232

nedefinitivat adj. (despre un contract)

open-ended
nedepunere s.f. (a reclamatiei in
termen legal) (dr.) nonclaim
nedisponibil adj. unavailable
nedistribuit adj. undistributed,
undivided, unappropriated
neeconomic adj. uneconomic; wasteful
neeconomicitate s.f. (dezeconomie)
diseconomy
neelastic adj. {despre cerere, ofertd
etc.) inelastic
neemis adj. {despre actiuni, obligatiuni) unissued
neevaluat adj. unvalued, unassessed,
unrated
neexecutare s.f. nonexecution,
nonperformance, nonfulfilment
~ a unui contract - nonexecution/
nonperformance of a contract
neexecutoriu adj. (despre un contract,
o
hotdrdre
judecdtoreascd)
unenforceable
nefalsificat adj. (despre bduturd)
unadulterated; genuine
nefavorabil adj. unfavourable
nefertil adj. (despre sol) poor
nefolosit adj. unemployed
negarantat
adj.
unsecured,
unwarranted
negativ adj. negative
neglijenta adj. negligence
~ culpabila - (asig.) contributory
negligence
negocia v.t. to negociate v.i. to hold
negotiations/talks
negociabil adj. negotiable; (despre
titluri de valoare) marketable,
transferable
negociator^.m. negotiator

NED-NEC

negociere s.f. negotiation, bargaining;

(a unui imputernicit) procuration; pi. talks
~ a contradului colectiv de munca -collective
bargaining
negocieri cu voce tare/prin strigare -(bur.)
outcry ~ dure - hard bargain
~ in curs - negotiations in progress, on-going
negotiations
~ la nivel inalt - summit talks, top (-level)
negotiations ~ salariale - wage negotiations a
fi in ~ cu cineva - to be in negotiations with
smb. a incepe ~ - to enter into/to open
negotiations
a purta - - to hold talks negots.n. trade,
commerce a face ~ cu - to deal in smth., to
trade in smth. with smb.
negrevat adj. (de sarcini ipotecare)
unencumbered
negustor s.m. merchant, dealer; (in cuvinte
compose) monger; (cu magazin) shopkeeper,
shopman; (de mdruntisuri, de bdcdnie)
chandler ~ ambulant - pedlar, hawker,
bagman, itinerant dealer; (de fructe, legume,
peste etc.) coster(monger) ~ cu amanuntui petty dealer ~ cu ridicata - wholesale/direct
trader, wholesaler ~ de - dealer in
~ de articole de fier/fierarie -ironmonger
~ de cereale - corn dealer ~ de cherestea timber merchant ~ de lana - wool stapler ~ de
legume i fructe - greengrocer ~ de
maruntiuri - haberdasher

NEG-NER

~ de mercerie - mercer
~ de pe$te - fishmonger
~ de vinuri - wine merchant
~ de vite - livestock/cattle dealer
negustorie s.f. trade, commerce; (in
magazin) shopkeeping
neimpozabil adj. tax-exempt/-free, not
liable to taxation, untaxable
neipotecat adj. unmortgaged, free from
encumbrance
nemcasat adj. (despre taxe, impozite)
uncollected
nemcarcat adj. (mar.) no-cargo
condition
neindeplinire s.f. nonexecution,
nonperfonnance, nonfulfilment; (a unui
contract) default
~ a obligatiilor legale - (dr.)
nonfeasance
nemregistrat adj. unregistered,
unentered
nelegal adj. lawless
nelichidat adj. (despre datorii)
uncleared
nelimitat adj. (fard termen final)
termless
nelivrare s.f. nondelivery, failure to
deliver
nelivrat adj. undelivered
nelucrator adj. nonworking
nemuncit adj. unearned
nenavigabil adj. unnavigable
nenavigabilitate s.f. (a unei nave
maritime, fluviale) unseaworthiness; (a
unei aeronave) unairworthiness
nenavlosit adj. (mar.) unchartered
nenegociabil adj. unnegotiable
neoficial adj. unofficial
neonorare s.f. (a unui cec, a unei
cambii) dishono(u)r
nepatentat adj. unlicensed

233

neplasat adj. (nevdndut) unplaced neplata

s.f. nonpayment, failure to pay;
(a datoriilor la scadentd) delinquency
neprelucrat adj. raw, crude;
unmanufactured, unfinished nepretios adj.
(despre metale) base neprevazut adj.
unforeseen;
(neasteptat) unexpected
neprezentare s.f. (in instantd) default,
nonappearance
neproductiv adj. unproductive;
(despre capital) dormant; (despre sol)
poor;
(neutilizat,
neoperativ)
unemployed, idle
neproductivitate
s.f.
unproductiveness, nonproductivity neprofesional
adj. nonprofessional neprofesionist adj.
nonprofessional neprofitabil
adj.
unprofitable, profitless
nerambursabil
adj.
irredeemable,
unredeemable,
nonretumable,
nonreimbursable
nerecuperabil
adj.
irrecoverable,
nonrecoverable, expendable nerecuperat
adj.
unrecovered
nerentabil
adj.
unprofitable, profitless, unrein unerative
nerentabilitate
s.f.
unprofitableness
nerepartizat
adj.
undistributed,
unappropriated
nerespectare s.f. nonobservance, failure
to observe, default; (medicare) breach
~ a obligatiilor luate - default on
obligations undertaken ~ a secretului breach of confidence/' security
nereu$ita s.f. failure
nerevendicat adj. unclaimed; (despre un
bun) dormant

234

nescadent adj. undue, unmatured

nesigur adj. unsafe; (indoielnic,
dubios) doubtful
nesindicalizat adj. nonunion
nesoldat adj. unbalanced
nesolicitat adj. uncalled
nesolutionat adj. unsettled
nesubscris adj. (desprc capital)
unsubscribed
nesubventionat adj. unsubsidized
net adj. nei; clear
netaxat adj. unrated
neto adv. net
neutiSizat adj. unemployed idle
neutraiitate s.f. neutrality
~ fiscala - (ace! sislem ds iinpunere,
acele impozite si taxe care ru provoacd
permrbdri ale alocdrii resurselor

productive) fiscal neutrality

nevandabil adj.
unsaleable,
unmarketable,
unmerchantable,
unrealizable, sateless
nevamuit adj. uncustomed, uncleared
neverificat adj. unverified, unchecked,
(de cenzori) unaudited
nevoia$ adj. needy, poor, desdtute s.m.
needy person
nevoie s.f. 1. (necesitate) need,
necessity 2. (lipsd) need, want; (sdrdcie) poverty, destitution 3. (jend financiard) straits, straitened circumstances
~ dc bunuri competitive - competitive
need
nia s.f. niche
~ de piata - niche market
nivel s.n. level; standard; scale
~ acceptabil de calitate - acceptable
quality level
~ al datoriei pentru care se poate
declara falimentui - bankruptcy level
~ al preturilor - price level

NES-NOR

- al productiei - scale of production,

output level
~ al salariilor - wage level
~ al tarifelor - tariff level
~ de cheltuieli prevazute - cost
standards
~ de dezvoltare economica - level of
economic development
~ de rezistenta - (al cursului
actiunilor) resistance level
- de subzistenta - subsistence level
~ de trai - standard of living, living
standard
~ maxim- ceiling
~ minim al salariilor - wage floor
-- minim al ucui pret - {controluf)
price iloor
nod s.n. (imitate, de musurd penlru
viteza) (mar.) knot
nomenclator s.n. classified list;
schedule
~ comercia! - trade terms
~ de export - bill/list of export goods,
export list
~ de marfuri - bill/list of goods
nomenclatura s.f. nomenclature
~ vamala - customs nomenclature
nominal adj. nominal
norma v.t. to standardize, to normalize
normare s.f. standardization,
normalization, rate setting/fixing
normator s.m. rate setter/fixer,
standardizer;
taskmaster;
(in
constructii) quantity surveyor
norma s.f. 1. standard, norm; (reguld)
rule; (specificatie, prescriptie')
specification 2. (de productie, consum
etc.) rate; (a unui salariat, a unui
serviciu etc.) work load
~ de consum - rate of consumption,
consumption rate

NOR-NOV

~ de descarcare - discharge rate,

unloading/lading rate
~ de descarcare a navei - (in tone)
discharge tonnage rate
~ de incarcare - loading rate
~ de lucru - rate of work, job rate
~ de manipulare - (a marfurilor)
handling rate
~ de operare - (a navei) handling rate
~ de operare a portului - port
efficiency
~ de pierderi admise - loss allowance
~ de productie - rate of production,
output standard
~ de timp - time standard
~ de transport - rate of transport
~ fixata zilnic - (cu plata zilnicd
conditionatd de mdeplinire) measured
day work
~ flexibila - flexible working hours
~ intreaga - whole-/riill-time work
~ nerigida - loose standard
~ orara - hourly rate
~ partiala - part-time work
~ pe gura de magazie - (mar.)
hatch(way) speed
norme de livrare - specifications for
delivery
~ de procedura - (dr.) rules of
procedure
~ de receptie - acceptance
specifications
~ de securitatea muncii - labour
safety rules, safety prescriptions/
regulations
~ tehnice - standard specifications
a depasi norma - to exceed/to top/to
overfulfil the work
a sparge ~ - to smash the target
notars.m. notary
~ public - notary public

235

notarial adj. notarial notariats.n. notary's

office nota s.f. note; memorandum ~ de
achitare/indeplinire a obli-gatiilor - (de
cdtre o societate) memorandum of
satisfaction ~ de asigurare provizorie
-provisional note
~ de avizare - (corn., fin.) advice note ~
de avizare a scadentei - prompt note
~ de comanda - order note ~ de
confirmare/recunoastere a datoriei (corn.) (SUA) due bill ~ de creditare credit note ~ de debit garantata - (prin
care un bun prezentat drept garantie poate
fi pretins de creditor ca plata a datoriei)
secured note
~ de debit negarantata - unsecured note
~ de debitare - debit note ~ de livrare delivery note ~ de onorariu - note of fees
~ de plata - bill (of costs), account, cash
note
~ de reinnoire - (ofertd de remnoire a
contractului de asigurare) renewal notice
~
diplomatic^
memorandum,
diplomatic note
notifica v.t. to notify, to give notice
notificare s.f. notification, notice ~ de
anulare - notice of cancellation ~ de
credit - credit note ~ de ,,nava gata de
incarcare" - stem note
~ de ,,nava gata de operare" - notice of
readiness
nova tie s.f. (dr.) novation
novatiune v. novatie

236

nil adv. no
~ salvezi, nu platesc - (conditie de
baza a contractului de salvare) (mar.}
no cure, no pay
~ se cere - (despre actiuni) (bur.) no
bid
nud adj. (despre o nava fdrd echipaf)
bare
nul adj. 1. (dr.) null 2. (far a valoare)
null, worthless, of no value
~ si neavenit - null and void
militate s.f. (dr.) nullity, voidness,
invalidity
"-' de drept - nullity in law
~ de fapt - actual nullity
~ de fond - substantive nullity
~ virtuala - construed nullify
numai adv. only
~ daca este cauzat de - unless caused

by
~ la comanda - to order only
~ pierderea totala - (asig. mar.) total
loss only
~ pierderea totala prin interpretare (asig. mar.) constructive total loss only
niimar s.n. 1. number; (cifrd} figure 2.
(la garderoba) check; (la imbrdcaminte) size 3. (al unui ziar) issue
~ de identificare al contribuabilului (SUA) taxpayer identification number
~ de inregistrare - registration
number
~ de ordine - running number
"- de securitate al cardului - card
security number
~ de serie/fabricatie - serial number
~ de vizite (facute de un reprezentant
comercial clientilor sau potentialilor
clienti) call rate
~ foarte mare - (la imbracdmmte)
outsize

NU-NL'T

~- fractionar - fractional number

~ impar/fara sot - - odd number
~ intreg - whole number
~ multiplu - multiple (quantity)
~ par/cu sot - even number
numere cu doua cifre - (de la 10 la
99) double figures
numara v.t. to number, to count (up);
(a calcula, a socoti) to compute, to
reckon
nume s.n. name
"- a! beneficiarului - name of the
payee

~ comerciai - business name, style

~ de familie -- family name
- fictiv - fictitious name
- social - corporal name, name of a
firm/company
~ si prenume - full name
numerar s.n. cash, ready/effective
money
~ contra documente -- prompt cash
against documents
~ disponibil - available/spare cash
~ in casa - cash in hand
a plati m ~ - to pay in cash
numerota v.t. to number' (pugi'lile
unui registru) to folio
numi v.t. (inlr-o fiinctie) to name, to
appoint, to assign, to nominate; (i/itr-m
post) to place
numire s.f. (intr-o functie)
appointment, assignment, nomination;
(incadrare intr-un post) placement
numismatica s.f. numismatics,
numismatology nutret.s'.n. forage, fodder

0
obiceis.n. (deprindere) habit
obiceiuri ale consumatorilor/tn
materie de consum - consumption
habits
obiect s.n. 1. object, thing 2. (de
studhi) subject (matter); (a! wiei
cercetdri) object; {de activitate al unei
societdti) object 3. (interes) interest 4.

(articol, produs) article, item; pi. goods

~ al asigurarii - insurable interest
~ al contractului - purpose of a
contract
~ al impunerii - taxable article
~ al litigiului - subject of an action
~ al proprietatii - (element constitntiv
al activului patrimonial, identificabil si
mdsurabil, corporal sau incorporat)
property asset

~ asigurat - subject matter insured

~ in rise - (asig.) interest at risk
obiecte de artizanat - handicraft
- de familie - (care se transmit din
generatie in generatie) (dr.) heirloom ~
desperecheate/disparate - odd-come-shorts
~ pierdute - (intr-un loc public) lost
property
~ valoroase/de valoare - valuables
obiectiv adj. objective; impartial, fair,
unbiassed s.n. 1. (scop) goal, object,
aim, design, purpose 2. (industrial)
industrial unit/project
~ final - ultimate goal
obliga v.t. 1. (a sili, a constrdnge) to
oblige, to compel, to force, to coerce 2.
(prin contract, angajamente legate)

(dr.) to bind v.r. to oblige/to bind

oneself
obligant s.m. (persoana fata de care
altd persoana se obliga prin contract,
creditor) obligee
obligat adj. 1. (silit, constrans) forced,
compelled 2. (prin contract) bound 3.
(mdatorat) obliged, indebted s.m.
(persoana care se obliga. prin contract,
debitor) obligor
obligatar adj. bond...
obligatoriu adj. compulsory,
obligatory, binding
obligatie s.f. obligation; (legala) (legal)
obligation; (rdspundere) liability; (de
serviciu) duty

~ cedata unui delegat/mandatar (dr.) vicarious liability

~ consensuala - (dr.) consensual
obligation
~ contractuala - contractual obligation
~ executorie - operative obligation
~ financiara - financial liability
~ neconditionata - (dr.) absolute
liability
~ oneroasa - onus
~ solidara - (dr.) joint and several
obligation
~ unilaterala - (dr.) deed poll
~ viitoare - prospective obligation
obligatii fiscale - tax liabilities
~ reciproce - (ale armatorilor in caz
de coliziune) (mar.) cross liabilities
~ sporite - accrued liabilities
obligatiune s.f. (fin.) bond
~ activa - (cu dobdndd fixa) active
bond

238

~ -buldog (emisa de societdti strdine

pepiata Marii Britanii) bulldog bond
~ chirografara - (dr.) naked/simple/
unsecured debenture
~ convertibila - (care, la scadentd,
poate fi schimbatd, in anumite conditii,
cu alte titluri, in loc sd fie platitd)
convertible bond
~ cu castiguri - lottery/prize bond;
(obligatiune municipald sustinutd prin
veniturile proiectului finantat) revenue
bond
~ cu cupoane - (de dobdnda) coupon
bond
~ cu cupon zero - (titlu emis pe baza
de scant, fdrd cupon anual) zero-coupon bond
~ cu discont (vdndutd sub valoarea
nominala) discount bond
~ cu discont mare - (dar care oferd
dobdnda mica) (SUA) deep discount
bond
~ cu dobanda esalonata - (care creste
gradual) deferred bond
~ cu dobanda fixa - debenture bond
~ cu dobanda variabila - escalator
bond
~ cu ipoteca prioritara - (SUA) first
mortgage bond
~ cu optiune - (obligatiune msotitd de
dreptui de a subscrie, mtr-o perioadd
data si la un pretfixat anterior, actiuni
ale societdtii care emite imprumutui
sau ale unei societdti mrudite) bond
with warrant
~ cu premii prin tragere la sorti premium (savings) bond
~ cu rise mare - (cu dobdnzi inalte
oferite in compensate pentru bonitatea
adesea scdzutd a emitentului) junk
bond

OBL-OBL

~ cu valoare nominala indexata in

functie de inflatie - purchasing power
bond
~ cu valoare nominala redusa (maxim 100 de dolari) baby bonds
~ de economii - savings bond
~ de reorganizare - (rezultatd din
reorganizarea unui concern) (SUA)
adjustment bond
~ de stat - (emisa de autoritatea
publicd si reprezentdnd creante asupra
statului) government/state bond
~ de tezaur - Treasury bond
~ directa - (fdrd optiuni de convertire)
straight bond
~ extensibila - (pbligatiiine pe termen
scurt care li oferd detindtorului optiunea de a o schimba cu o cantitate
similard de datorii pe termen lung,
inainte de o data specificatd)
extendible bond
~ garantata prin alte titluri detinute
de emiter-t - (SUA) collateral trust
bond
~ generala/negarantata - (instrument
de indatorare pe termen lung, care nu
este garantat de o ipoteca asupra unor
active) (SUA) debenture
~ guvernamentala - government bond
~ guvernamentala la purtator floater
~ indexata - (obligatiune a caret
dobdnda si/sau pret de rambursare
variazd in functie de un indice luat ca
baza de indexare, oferind astfel
protectie impotriva mflatiei) index
(-linked) bond
~ intersanjabila - interchangeable
bond
~ ipotecara - mortgage bond

OBL-OCU

~ ipotecara mobiliara - (SUA) chattel

mortgage bond
~ in contui dobanzii - (obligatiune oferitd
cdnd dobanda nu poate fi achitatd in
numerar) interest bond ~ in serie - (dintrun packet de obligatiuni care devin
scadente in am succesivf) serial bond ~ la
purtator - bearer bond ~ municipala municipal/local
authority
bond;
corporation stock ~ municipala cu
dobanda flotanta -floater
~
(municipala)
garantata
prin
incasarea unui impozit - special tax bond
~ (municipals) pentru dezvoltare
industrials
(SUA)
industrial
development bond
~ neamortizabila/perpetua - (cure nu are
scadentd) irredeemable/perpetual/ undated
bond
~ nominala - registered bond ~
participativa - (la beneficii in functie de
rezultatele obtimste de firma emitentd)
participating bond ~ pasiva - (fdrd
dobanda) passive bond
~ platibila in devize - currency bond ~
platibila in moneda tarii in care a fost
emisa - currency bond ~ purtatoare de
venit - (la care se plateste dobanda numai
dacd existd profit) income bond
~ retractabila - (care ii oferd detindtondiii
optlunea de a o revinde emitentului la
valoarea nominala, inainte de matiiritate)
retractable bond ~ revocabila - callable
bond

239

~ samurai - (emisa in yeni pe teritoriul

Japoniei de cdtre agenti economici nerezidenti)
Samurai bond ~ simpla/fara conditii - (de
platd) single bond
~ transmisibila - transferable bond ~
unificata/consolidata - unified bond ~ yankee
- (emisa in dolari pe teritoriul SUA de cdtre
agenti economici nerezidenti) Yankee bond
obstacol s. n. obstacle, impediment, drag;
(barierd) barrier
~ fiscal - (excedent al bugetului fiscal) fiscal
drag
obstacole netarifare - (ansamblu de mdsiiri
prin care se impiedicd sau se limiteazd fluxiil
international de mdrfiiri in scopnl apdrdrii
pietei interne de concurenta strdind si/saii al
echilibrdrii balantei de plati) nontariff barriers
~ tarifare (ansamblu de mdsiiri care
vizeazd fluxul de mdrfuri cu ocazia trecerii
frontierei vamale a unui stat, cea mai
importantd reglementare fiind aceea a taxelor
vamale) tariff barriers obtine v.t. to obtain, to
get; (a dobdndi) to acquire; (capital, fonduri) to
raise;
(comenzi, beneficii etc.) to secure;
(profit) to realize; (un certificat, un
brevet) to take out
ocazional ad], occasional, incidental;
(despre muncd) odd
ocupa v.t. 1. (a angaja) to employ, to engage,
to busy 2. (un post) to occupy, to come in, to
fill 3. (a lua in posesie) to occupy, to take
hold/possession of 4. (in mod ilegal/abuziv iin
teren, o locuintd) to squat ocupants.m.
occupier

240

~ ilegal/abuziv - (al unui teren, al unei

locuinte) squatter
ocupare s.f. 1. (angajare) employment
2. (a unui post) occupancy 3. (luare in
posesie) occupancy, taking hold/
possession 4. (ilegald/abuzivd a unui
teren, a unei locuinte) squat
~ a fortei de munca - employment
~ deplina a fortei de munca - full
employment
~ temporara - (prin mchiriere sau
arendare) tenancy
oferi v.t. 1. (a da) to offer, to present 2.
(a pune in vdnzare) to offer, to exhibit,
to put up/to expose for sale 3. {a licitd)
to bid; (a face oferte pentru furnizarea
de mdrfuri, servicii) to tender 4.
(explicatii, referinte, probe etc.) to
furnish
~ mai mult decat cineva - to improve
on smb.'s offer
ofertant s.m. offerer; (licitanf) bidder;
{pentru furnizarea de mdrfuri, servicii)
tenderer
oferta s.f. 1. offer; supply; (licitare)
bid, bidding; (pentru furnizarea de
mdrfuri, servicii) tender 2. (in plic
inchis, la licitatie) ticket
~ acceptabila - reasonable offer
~ agregata/globala - (cantitatea totald
de bunuri economice disponibild
pentru vdnzare la un anumit nivel
mediu al preturilor intr-o perioadd
determinata) aggregate supply
~ alternative - alternative offer
~ atractiva - attractive offer
~ avantajoasa - {sub pretui pietei)
underbid
~ avantajoasa de cumparare (pentru descurajarea altor ofertanti)
preemptive bid

OCU-OFE

~ combinata - (oferta a unui produs

care provine din doud sau mai multe
surse ori metode de fabricatie; oferta
de doud sau mai multe produse care
satisfac acelasi tip de cerere, fiind
inlocuitori apropiati unui pentru
celdlalt) composite supply
~ complementara - (oferta de doud
sauf mai multe produse care sunt
rezultatiil aceluiasi proces de
productie) complementary/joint supply
~ concurentiala - (situatie in care
mijioacele de productie sunt limitate,
iar producdtorii a doud sau mai multe
mdrfuri concureazd pentru utilizarea
lor) competitive supply
~ cuprinzatoare/detaliata
comprehensive offer
~ de capital - capital supply
~ de cumparare - (fdcutd furnizorului,
angrosistului) purchase offer; (de
actiuni) tender offer
~ de livrar : - tender of delivery
~ de moncda - (punerea in circulatie
de monedd noud de cdtre institutiile
morietare specializate) money supply
~ de mostre gratuite - trial offer
~ de plata - tender of payment
~ de preluare - (a unei societdti fdcutd
actionarilor acesteia) takeover bid
~ de titluri financiare - supply of
securities
~ de transport maritim - shipping bid
~ de valuta - (disponibilitdti valutare
care pot fi vdndute pe piatd, m
conditiile unui anumit curs de schimb)
foreign currency supply
~ efectiva (oferta ce confine toate
elementele unui contract - obiect, pret,
termene etc. -, astfel incut acceptarea
mtocmai de. cdtre parti sd aibd

OFE-OLI

valoarea unui contract mcheiat) actual

supply
~ excedentara - (care depdseste cerered)
excess offer, sellers over ~ fara angajament free offer ~ ferma - firm offer ~ m bloc - block
offer ~ inchisa - (la licitatie) ticketing, sealed
tender
~ incruci^ata - cross offer ~ insotita de
mostre - sample offer ~ la pret scazut - low
offer ~ nespecificata - blind offer ~ pentru
inceperea negocierilor -tentative offer ~
publica - public offer ~ publica de cumparare
- (procedura prin care o societate propune in
mod public actionarilor unei alte societati, pe
care doreste so. o controleze, sd rdscumpere, la
un pret superior celui cotat la bursa, actiunile
pe care acestia Ie detin) takeover bid
~ publica de schimb - (procedura bursierd
care constd m oferta de scliimbare a actinnilor
unei societati contra titlurilor altei societati}
offer for exchange of shares
~ publica initiala - (de actiuni comune) initial
public offer ~ secreta/ilicita - (coluziune,
intelegere secretd a mai multor firme care sunt
oficial in concurenta) level/collusive tendering
~ speciala (de produse la preturi scdzute)
special offer ~ verbala - verbal offer oferte
comune - (stabilite prin coluziune, simuldnd
o falsa concurenta) common pricing

241

~ de serviciu - situations vacant,

help/hands wanted
a face o oferta - to make an offer
a retrage o ~ - to withdraw an offer
oficiu s.n. (birou) office, bureau; (al
unei administratii) office; (sediu al
unei firme} office; (agentie) agency
~ de brevete - patent office
~ de cliring - clearing house
~ de cliring bancar - banker's
clearing house
~ de scont - acceptance house
~ postal - post office
oficiul fortelor de munca employment agency/bureau, labour
exchange, job center
ofiter^.m. officer
~ de marina comerciala - mercantile
marine officer
~ de punte (la navele comerciale)
deck officer, mate
~ de vama - customs officer
~ secund - (la navele comerciale)
chief mate/officer, first mate/officer,
(master's) mate
oleoduc s.n. pipe-line
oligarhie s.f. oligarchy
oligopol s.n. (sistem depiatd in care un
numdr mic de firme mart asigurd cea
mai mare parte a ofertei unui anumit
produs, impundndu-si conditiile de
vanzare-cumpdrare pe piata bunului
respective oligopoly, sellers' monopoly
~ instituit prin coluziune - collusive
oligopoly
oligopson s.n. (forma a pietei cu o
concurenta imperfectd, unde un numdr
mic de firme mari solicitd cea mai
mare parte a unui bun, acesta fiind
oferit de mai multi producdtori-ofertanti) oligopsony

OM-OPE

oms.m. man
~ de afaceri - businessman
~ -reclama (care poartd pancarte cu
reclame prinse in fata si pe spatele
sail) sandwich man
omul economic - economic man,
homo oeconomicus
oneros adj. onerous, burdensome
onora v.t. (o cambie, un cec etc.) to
honour, to meet
onorariu s.n. fee, honorarium, pay
~ de angajare - (]->entru un avocat)
retainer
onorific adj. 1. (de onoare) honorary,
of honour 2. (neretribuit) honorary
opera v.t. 1. (a manipula, a actiona un
utilaj) to operate, to manipulate 2. (a
incdrca sail a descdrca o navd) to
operate
operare s.f. operation
~ de marfuri - (incdrcare, descdrcare,
manipiilare, stivuire) cargo work
~ defectuoasa - (a mdrfiirilor) faulty
operation
operativ adj. operative, effective,
efficient
operativitate s.f. efficiency, efficacy
operator s. m. operator
~ care face piata - (bur.) market
maker
~ independent - (pe cont propriu)
(bur.) trader
operatic s.f. 1. (hicrare) operation;
work, action 2. (calciil) calculation,
reckoning 3. (financiard, bursiera)
operation, transaction, speculation, deal ~
cu prima (tranzactie bursiera in cadrul
cdreia iina dintre parti isi rezervd dreptui
de a abandona piata in schimbul platii
iinei s lime fixe achitate in avans, niimitd
prima) premium deal

~ de acoperire - (tranzactie la bursa

de valori sail de marfuri prin care se
creeazd o acoperire in vederea
executant angajamentelor asiimate,
achizitiondndii-se ceea ce trebuie livrat
la o data ullerioard - titluri, devize,
marfuri) covering transaction
~ de arbitraj switch - (operatic de
schimb intre o valuta forte si iina de
cUring, transformarea nefdcdndu-se
prin intermediul mdrfii) switch
~ fara profit sau pierdere - even deal
~ fiduciara - fiduciary transaction
~ portuara - (incdrcare, descdrcare,
transbordare) portwork
operatii a la baisse - (bur.) dealings
for a fall
~ a la hausse - (bur.) dealings for a
rise
~ bancare - banking operations
~ bursiere - stock exchange
transactions, stock market trading
~ de leasing - leasing operations
'- de masa - (servicii bancare
standardizate destinate piibliculiii)
volume (banking) business
~ de swap prin substituire de
obligatiuni - (fin.) substitution (price)
bond swap
~ economice - economic operations
~ financiare - financial operations
~ in numerar - dealings for cash
~ in virament - noncash transactions
~ la termen - (tranzactie bursiera prin
care livrarea sau piata valorilor mi are
loc in ziua incheierii tranzactiei, ci la o
data ulterioard, fixatd anterior)
foi"ward transactions/dealings
~ la termen cu marfuri - commodity
futures

OPE-OPT

~ la transportui de marfuri (mcdrcare, descdrcare, transbordare,

stivuire) handling procedure
~ la vedere - (tranzactie bursierd cu
plata imediata) spot transaction
~ speculative - speculative operations
~ valutare - foreign exchange
transactions
~ valutare la termen - forward
exchange/deals
~ valutare la vedere - spot exchange/
deals
operational adj. operational
oportun adj. opportune, timely, well-timed
oportunitate s.f. opportunity
opri v.t. to stop; (a incetd) to cease, to
discontinue; (a intrerupe) to interrupt,
to break
~ platile - to cease payments
oprire s.f. stop, stoppage; {incetare)
cease, ceasing; discontinuity; (intrerupere) interruption
~ a functionarii - (unui utilaj din
cauza uneipene de curent) outage
~ a pierderilor - (ordin cdtre broker
de a vmde actiunile care scad sub o
anumitd valoare) (bur.) stop loss
~ in tranzit - (a mdrfii de cdtre
furnizor dacd cumpdrdtond este
insolvabil) stoppage in transitu
optimiza v.t. to optimize
optimizare s.f. optimization
~ a raportului dintre stocuri - stock-ratio optimization
~ a valorii - (studierea fiecdrei etape
din fabricarea unui produs in scopul
reducerii costurilor de productie, fdrd
a afecta calitatea acestuia) value
engineering

243

optiune s.f. (drept contractual de a cumpdra

sau de a vinde prin bursa de optiuni, la o data
si un pret fixate anterior, un anumit volum de
marfuri, metale pretioase, devize sau actiuni;
dreptui unui investifor de a-si schimba
obligatiunile convertible sau certifica-tele de
optiuni contra titluri de valoare, metale
pretioase etc. in conditii stabilite anticipat;
in cadrul unei emisiuni de valori mobiliare,
dreptui bdncilor participante de a-si mdri
portofoliuJ) option
~ a cumparatorului de a dubia -(pptiune care
u da drept cumpd-rdtorului sd cumpere un
packet dublu de actiuni fata de eel convenif)
buyer's option to double, call-of-more option ~
a vanzatorului de a dubia -(pptiune care ii da
drept vdnzdtondui sd vdndd un packet dublu de
actiuni fata de eel convenif) seller's option to
double, put-of-more option ~ acoperita (contract de optiune garantat cu actiunile unui
titlu de valoare suport) covered option ~
americana - {care poatefi exercitatd oricdnd
inainte de sfdrsitui exer-citiului) American
option ~ cu pret de exercitiu identic sau
apropiat cursului pietei - on-the-money option
~ cu pret de exercitiu inferior
cursului pietei - in-the-money option
~ cu pret de exercitiu superior
cursului pietei - out-of-the-money
option
- de apel/cumparare - (optiune de cumpdrare
a unui activ la un pret de exercitiu specificat}
call (option)

244

~ de plata - (pentru o politd de

asigurare) settlement option
~ de vanzare - (optiune de vdnzare a
unui activ la un pret de exercitiu
specified!) put (option)
~ descoperita - (care nu are acoperire
in titluri de valoare) naked option
~ dubla/mixta - (stelaj, optiune care
da drept deopotrivd de cumparare si
vanzare) put-and-call/double option,
straddle
~ europeana - {care nu poate fi
exercitatd inainte de sfdrsitui
exercitiu lit i) European option
~ in devize - currency option
~ pentru o zi/de pe o zi pe alta - day-to-day option
~ tripla - (care este o optiune dubid
plus alte optiuni combinate) triple
option, strap
~ unica - (care da drept fie de
cumparare, fie de vdnzare) single
option
orar adj. hour..., hourly s.n. (program)
schedule, timetable
ora$ s.n. town; (in Anglia, oras mare;
in SUA, orice oras) city
~ comercial - trade town
~ de frontiera - frontier town
~ dependent de o intreprindere (pentru locuri de muncd, furnizare de
cdldurd etc.) company town
~ maritim - maritime/seaboard/seaside
town
~ -satelit - (dependent economic de un
oras mat mare) satellite town
ora s.f. hour; time
~ de Tnchidere - closing time/hour
~ de maxima audienta - (la radio si
televiziune, pentru publicitate) prime
time

OPT-ORA

~ de vara - summer time; (SUA)

daylight saving time
~ de varf- peak/rush/throng hour
~ locala - local time
~ -nava - (imitate de masura a duratei
de stationare a navei pentru operare)
(SUA) ship hour
~ oficiala - official hour, standard time
~ -om - (imitate de masura a timpului
de lucru) man-hour
ore de birou/serviciu - office/official
liours
~ de lucru - (programul de lucru in
magazine si biroiirl) business hours
~ de lucru normate - fixed-working
hours
~ lucratoare/de productie - working
hours
~ suplimentare - overtime (work),
overwork, extra work
~ suplimentare obinuite/normale regular overtime
ordin s.n. order
~ al agentului de Tncarcare - {mar.)
broker's order
~ cu plata in numerar - {corn.) cash
order
~ de a cumpara sau de a vinde la
pretui pietei - (bur.) market order
~ de administrare - (a unei societdti
insolvabile, ca alternativd la lichidarea
ei) (dr.) administration order
~ de bursa - stock exchange order
~ de cumparare - (bur.) order to buy;
(pentru a sustine cursul) supporting
order
~ de cumparare in conditiile cele mai
avantajoase - (bur.) order at best
~ de eliberare a marturilor
antrepozitate - warehouse order

ORA-ORG

~ de tncetare a platilor - (ordin cdtre

bancd pentru blocarea unui cec) stop
order/payment
~ de livrare - delivery order; (mar.)
ship's/freight release
~ de plata - payment order, order for
payment/to pay; (mandat postal)
money order
~ de plata simplu/neconditionat unconditional order
~- de ridicare a sechestrului - (dr.)
restoration of goods taken in distraint
~ de sechestru - (dr.) garnishee order,
distress warrant, writ of attachment
~ de vanzare - (bur.) order to sell,
selling order
~ de vanzare sou cumparare la
termen - (bur,) time order
~ de virament - order to transfer
~ deschis - (ordin de tranzactionare
valabil pdnd cdnd este execntat sail
anulat) (bur.') open order
~ legat/conditionat - (ordin de
cumparare executable prin utilizarea
prodiisniui vdnzdrii de titluri
determinate) (bur.) contingent order
~ limitat (ordin de tranzactionare in
limitele imei anumite jluctiiatii a
cursurilor) (bur.} limited order
~ permanent - (ordin de plata dat de
cdire un client bdncii sale, care va plali
la intervale regulate impozitcle si
datoriile titulamlui de cont) standing
order
~ simultan (de cumparare de actiuni
peste pretui pietei si de vanzare
imediatd la acelasi prel pentru a
Simula activitatea pe piata bursiera)
matched order
~ vamal de transbordare transshipment pricking note

245

ordine s,f. order; sequence, succession

~ a prioritatii - order of priority
~ de zi - order/business of the day,
agenda; (prezentatd in scris) order
paper
ordonanta v.t. (fin.) to order, to pass
for payment
ordonanta s.f. (/uridicd, financiara)
order; (dr.) decree, ordinance
~ cu putere de lege - statutory order
'- de blocare - (a unor conturi, a unor
fondiiri) stop order
~ de plata - order of payment, pay
order issued
~ de punere in posesie - writ of
possession
~ de punere sub sechestru - (in caz de
faliment) receiving order
ordonatorA'./n. principal
organ s.n 1. (dispozitiv, agregat)
mechanism, device, unit 2. (organizatie, autoiitafe) body, authority
~ de conducere - managing body
~ de control - control authority
~ executiv - executive body
~ financiar - financial body
~ legislativ - legislative body
organigrama s.f. organization chart,
table of organization, flow-process
chart, diagram
organiza v.t. to organize
organizare s.f. organization
~ a conducerii intrqirinderii management engineering
~ departamcntala/pe servicii.
departmental organization
~ ierarhica - line organization
~ si conducere a productiei production control
~ si metode ~ (man.) organization and
methods; (serviciu de consultantci pe

246

Idngd conducerea unei firme) systems

and procedures
organizatie s.f. organization; society,
association; body
~ -corespondent - (institutie
financiard care presteazd servicii
pentru altd organizatie financiard')
correspondence
~ flexibila - (man.) flexible
organization
~ nonprofit - nonprofit corporation
~ orizontala - (tip de organizare in
care autoritatea manageriald nu se
transmite pe scard ierarhica) flat
organization
organizational adj. organizational

ORG-OTE

orientare s.f. 1. orientation; direction,

guidance 2. (a resurselor pentru
sprijinirea unor sectoare industriale
prioritare) targeting
~ profesionala - vocational guidance
orixonts.n. horizon
~ de planificare - (pe 5-10 ani}
planning horizon
otels.n. steel
~ aliat - alloy steel
~ -balot/de bandaje - hoop iron
~ calit - hardened steel
~ inoxidabil - stainless steel
~ turnat - cast ingot/steel
otelar.y.w. steelworker
otelarie s.f. steelworks

p
packet s.n. pack, package, packet
~ complet de actiuni - (pentru actiuni,
circa 100 de actiuni, pentru obligatiuni
reprezintd o valoare nominalu de 1000
USD) (SUA) round lot
~ de actiuni - (bur.) lot, block, stock
- incomplet de actiuni - broken/job/
odd lot
~ mare de actiuni - (ciimpdrat sail
vdiidut de un singur investilor) line
~ principal de actiuni - controlling
interests
pagina s.f. page
~ dactilografiata - (a unui document.
cu 72, 90 sau 100 de cuvinte) (dr.) folio

pagini galbene/nationale - (anuar

care cuprinde adresele tuturor
institutiilor fi societdtilor comerciale)
yellow pages
paguba s.f. damage, prejudice;
(pierdere) loss
~ accidentals - accidental damage
~ materials - material/property
damage
~ prin aruncarea peste bord - (a
bunuriior navei) (mar.) damage by

jettison
~ prill contaminare - (a unor mdrfuri)
damage by contamination
~ prin incendiu - damage by fire
~ prin manipulare - damage by
handling
~ prin poluare cu titei - oil-pollution
damage
~ produsa/ocazionata - damage
done/incurred

~ produsa de raufacatori - malicious

damage
paleta s.f. (plat forma mobila folositd la
manipularea unor mdrfuri) (mar.)

pallet, cargo platform/stage/tray

~ de depozitare - warehouse pallet
~ de stivuire - stevedoring pallet
~ specializata - purpose-made pallet,
special-puq^ose pallet
~ universala - general-puipose pallet
paletizare s.f. (mar.) palletization,
pallet operation
pana .s'./.' (de marina, utilaj, mecanism)
breakdown; (defectiune, avarie) failure
~ de curent - failure of electricity
panica s.f. panic
- la bursa - panic/flurry on the stock
exchange
panou s.n. panel; (avizier) board
~ de afise - bill/poster hoarding
~ de cotatii - (bur.) quotation board
~ publicitar - advertisement hoarding
papetar s m. stationer
papetarie s.f. \. (articole) stationery 2.
(magazin) stationer's shop
par adj. (cu sot) even
paradisA'.n. (refugiu) haven
~ fiscal (tard care oferd reduceri
importante de impozite) tax haven
paradox s.n. paradox
~ economic - economic paradox
parametru s.m. parameter
parametri de exploatare - operating
data
~ de functionare - operational factors
parauta s.f. parachute

248

~ de aur (tip de contract de mimed,

redactat de unii manager! pentru ei
insisi, care prevede importante
compensatii materiale in caz cd ar fi
demist) (man.) golden parachute
pare s.n. 1. (loc de stationare a
autovehiculelor) car park, parking
place 2. (totalitatea autovehiculelor de
care dispune o imitate) fleet; stock,
park
~ de autocamioane - truck fleet
~ de vagoane - rolling stock depot,
waggon yard/park
parcela v.t. to parcel (out), to lot (out),
to plot
parcela s.f. parcel, lot, plot; {data in
arendd unei familii) allotment
parcurge v.t. 1. (o distanta) to run, to
cover; (o regiune pentru colectarea de
comenzi sau strdngerea de voturi) to
canvass 2. (o lista) to look down;
(documented to go over, to run through
parcurs s.n. run; (cursa) haul
~ gol/fara incarcatura - empty haul
~ in mile - mileage
paria v.i. to wager, to bet; (a miza) to
gamble
paritate s.f. (fin.) parity, par
~ a puterii de cumparare purchasing power parity
~ - aur/metalica - gold parity
~ de schimb - exchange parity, par of
exchange
~ de schimb intrinseca/metalica mint par/parity of exchange
~ fixa - fixed parity
~ glisanta - gliding parity
~ indirecta - (rata de schimb a doud
valute calculatd prin raportare la o a
treia) indirect parity
pariu s.n. wager, bet

PAR-PAR

~ mutual-pan mutuel
partajare s.f. 1. sharing 2. (a unui po:-t
cu normd intreagd intre dot angajati cu
normd redusd) twinning
~ a postului - (modalitatea de a
impdrti o slujbd cu normd intreagd
intre doi sau mai multi angajati cu
normd redusd) job sharing
~ a timpului de folosire - {inchiriere
simidtand de aparate si utilaje mai
multor clienti in timp partajat) time
sharing
parte s.f. 1. part, portion; {care revine
cuiva) share, lot; {bucatd) piece,
fragment 2. {dr.) party
~ adjudecatara - {la licitatii)
purchasing party
~ asigurata - insured party
~ civila --plaintiff
~ contractanta - contracting party,
party to a contract, contractor,
covenanter
~ indiviza - share in coownership
~ interesata - concerned party, party
concerned, privy
~ in cauza - party to a case
~ in culpa - party at fault
~ in drept - party entitled
~ in litigiu - party to a dispute
~ prejudiciata - prejudiced party
~ semnatara - signatory
~ sociala - (fractiune din capitalul unei
societdti cu rdspundere limitatd,
reprezentdnd contravaloarea aportuhn
iinui asocial, care li conferd anumite
drepturi si responsabilitdti in cadrul
socieldtii respective) share
partener^./n. partner, associate; {intr-o
tranzactie cu titluri de valoare) (fin.)
contra

PAR-PAT

~ care iese din firma - outgoing/ retiring

partner
~ de afaceri - business partner
parteneriat^.n. partnership participare
s.f. participation; sharing;
{la o afacere, tin interes) concern
~ a salariatilor (termen general
pentru a defini modalitdtile prin care
angajatii pot participa la conducerea
societdtii in care lucreaza) {man.)
employee involvement/participation
~ directa - direct hand
~ la profit - profit sharing
~ optionala a salariatilor - (metodd
prin care li se oferd angajatilor unei
societati posibilitatea de a cumpdra
actiuni ale firmei respective la un pret
mai scdzut decdt cursul pietei)
employee share option
participatie s.f. 1. (forma de asociere)
partnership 2. (la capitalul unei
societati pe actiuni) share
~ a asociatilor - (cota-parte a fiecdrui
asocial) partnership share
~ majoritara - majority interests
~ minoritara - minority interests
particular adj. private
particularitate s.f. peculiarity;
characteristic (feature), salient feature
~ a unei activitati -job characteristic
partida s.f. 1. (de marfd) parcel/lot of
goods, batch, consignment 2. (/oc)
game
~ de solduri -job lot
~ normala de marfuri - (bur.) regular
lot
~ vagonala de marfuri - carload lot
partial adj. partial adv. part(ial)ly
pasager s.m. passenger; (intr-un
vehicul public) fare

~ clandestin - clandestine passenger;

(mar.} stowaway

~ de clasa turistica - tourist-class

passenger
~ in tranzit - transit passenger
pasa s.f. (de navigatie) fairway,
navigation/ship channel, waterway
pasibil adj. (de) liable to
pasiv.?./?. (cont.) liabilities
~ acceptabil - (utilizat pentru a
calcula lichiditdtile unei band) eligible
liabilities
~ curent - current liabilities
~ neprevazut - contingent liabilities
~ net - net liabilities
~ pe termen lung - long-term
liabilities
~ pe termen scurt - short-term/quick
liabilities
~ sub forma de depozite - deposit
liabilities
pasivitate s.f. passivity; resistance
~ a consumatorilor - consumer
resistance
pasaport^.n. passport
~ de serviciu - service passport
~ pentru marinari - seaman's
passport
~ turistic - tourist passport
patent s. n. patent, licence
patenta v.t. to patent, to licence
patentat adj. patent(ed), proprietary;
licensed
patenta s.f. licence, patent; certificate
~ de sanatate - (mar.) bill of health,
certificate of health/pratique
~ de sanatate cu mentiune - (mar.)
touched bill of health
~ de sanatate curata/fara mentiuni (mar.) clean bill of health
patrimonial adj. patrimonial, real

250

patrimoniu s.n. patrimony

patron s.m. employer; proprietor; boss
patronat s.n. (association of)
employers
pauperism s.n. pauperism
pauperiza v.t. to pauperize, to
impoverish, to beggar
pavilion s.n. (mar.) flag
~ al navei - registry
~ avantajos - flag of convenience/
necessity
~ de armator - burgee
~ de comert (arborat de navele

PAT-PEN

~ de iuta/de sac - (pentru confectionarea

sacilor de marfd) sackcloth, sacking, jute
canvas ~ de prelata - tarpaulin canvas
panzeturi s.f. pi. (albituri) white goods,
linen peprep. per ~ anper annum
~ cap de om/persoana -per capita ~
comanda - (despre twine} bespoke
- cont propriu - for one's own
account
~ credit - on credit
~ luna per month, per mensem
~ mare (in timpul navigutiei) (asig.
mar.) at sea; (referitor la mdrfurile in

comerciale) merchant/trading flag

~ de companie - company/house flag
- national - national flag/colours
~ strain - foreign flag
~ vamal - customs/revenue flag
pacali v.t. (prin vdnzarea de rnarja de
calitate inferioara) to fob off
pacura s.f. fuel/black/buming oil
paguba$ s.m. loser
pagubi v.i. to lose v.t. to cause/to do
damage to
pamant s.n. (teren) ground; (sol) soil;
(camp) field; (proprietate) land;
(mosie) estate
~ arabil - plough land
pasui v.t. to respite, to reprieve, to
grant smb. a delay
pasuire s.f. respite, reprieve, delay,

expeditie) afloat

grace

mcdicarea unui contract) forfeit,

patruiidere s.f. penetration

~ pe piata - market penetration
panza s.f. linen, cloth
-- de ambalaj - packing cloth/linen ~ de
doc - drill
~ dc in - (fblosita la confectionarea
prelatelor) flax canvas/linen

~ nava - (la bord) aboardship,

ashipboard
~ om-ora - per man-hour
~ riscul destinatarului - consignee's
risk
~ tona - per ton
~ uscat - ashore
~ verso - overleaf, on the back
~ zi - per day, per diem
- zi lucratoare - (in mdsura in care
starea timpului o permite) per weather
working day
pecuniar adj. pecuniary, moneyed,
monetary
pedologie s.f pedology, soil science
penal adj. penal
penalitate s.f. penalty; (pentru
forfeiture
penaliza v.t. to penalize; (a amenda) to
fine

penalizare s.f. 1. penalization;

(amenda) fine; (impusd de sinsiicat
membrilor care mealed regulile

PEN-PER

acestuid) fine 2. pi. (in cazul neindeplinirii

obligatiilor
contractuale)
retention money
~ contractuala - contract penalty ~ pentru
cheiaj - (cdnd se stationeazd la dand peste
termenul stabilif) dockage penalty
pendinte
adj.
pending,
abeyant,
undecided, outstanding a fi ~ - to be in
abeyance
pensie
s.f.
pension,
superannuation; (a unui functionar sail a
unui militar) retired pay
~ alimentara - alimony ~ de
invaliditate/pentru
incapacitate
de
munca - disablement/disability pension
~ pentru limita de varsta - old age/
retiring pension
~ viagera - life pension/annuity pensii
necontributive - (la fondul de pensii,
contributia nefiind pidtitd de salariat, ci de
firmd) noncontributory pensions
~ raportate la salarii - eamings--related
pensions
a iei la pensie - to be pensioned off, to
retire (upon a pension) a scoate la ~ - to
pension (off) pensiona v.t. to pension (off),
to grant a pension, to superannuate v.r. to
retire (upon a pension), to go on pension,
to superannuate
pensionar s.m. pensioner, pensionary,
retiree
~ de stat - state pensioner ~ in activitate semiretired person pensionare
s.f.
retirement, superannuation

251

~ pentru limita de varsta - retirement

on account of age/pension, mandatory
retirement
pentrvi prep. for

~ numerar - (bur.) for money

~ ziua de lichidare - (despre tranzactii
care urmeazd afi pidtite in urmatoarea
zi de decontdri) (bur.) for the account
penurie s.f. penury, scarcity, shortage
percepe v.t. to collect, to gather;
(im.po7.ite) to levy; (chine sail arendd
excesivd) to rack
percepere s.f. (de impolite) (tax) levy
perceptor s.m. tax collector/gatherer
perfecta v.t. (un contract, un acord) to
conclude
pericol s.n. danger, peril, hazard; (rise)
risk

~ de intrare pe piata - (rise pe care

si-l asumd o firmd cdnd pdtrunde pe o
piatd noud) threat of entry
~ de navigatie - navigational danger,
danger to navigation/shipping
~ natural - natural danger
perima v.r. 1. to be/to become out-of-date/obsolete/superseded 2. (dr.) to
lapse, to become out-of-date
perimat adj. 1. out-of-date, outdated,
obsolete, superseded 2. (dr.) lapsed
perimetru s.n. perimeter; area
~ de explorare - exploration lease
~ petrolifer - oil(-producing) area
perioada s.f. period
~ analizata - (fin.) period under
review
~ de amortizare - payoff period
~ de conversie a stocurilor - (timpul
mediu necesar pentru a convert! materiile prime in produse finite si pentru a
Ie vinde) inventory conversion period
~ de functionare efectiva - on-cycle

252

~ de gratie - period/days of grace,

grace period
~ de inactivitate - outage
~ de maturitate - (a wiei. cambii)
tenor
~ de proba - trial period; (a unui
angajat) probationary period
- de reaprovizionare - (timpul dintre
comandd ,y; livrare) replenishment lead
time
~ de recuperare a investitiei payback period
~ de scutire de impozite - tax holiday
'-- de stagnare - slack period
~ de subscriptie - subscription period
~ de tranzitie - transition period
~ medie de colectare - (yaloarea
medie a conturilor de creante exprimatd in zile) (Jm.) average collection
period

perisabil adj. perishable

perisabilitate s.f. perishability,
perishableness
permanent adj. permanent; (despre un
comitet, un contract etc.) standing adv.
permanently; always
~ in stare de piutire - (conditie de
navlosire) (mar.) always afloat
- in stare de piutire sau esuat fara
pericol - always afloat or safely
aground
~ in stare de piutire sigura - always
safely afloat
permis adj. allowed, permitted s.n.
permit; licence; authorisation; {de
liber a trecere) pass; (de incarcare,
descdrcare etc.) release
~ de aprovizionare - (fdra plata
taxelor vamale) (mar.) victualling bill

PER-PER

~ de cabotaj (cu scutire de taxe vamale

pentru provizii) (mar.) bill of sufferance;
transire
~ de conducere auto -driving licence ~ de
debarcare - landing permit ~ de
descarcare - discharging permit, permit to
unlade ~ de export - export licence ~ de
iesire sau de intrare in doc -dock pass
~ de imbarcare - shipping note ~ de
incarcare - loading permit. permit to lade,
release for shipment ~ de libera trecere safe-conduct ~ de livrare a marfli freight release ~ de marfuri antrepozitate
- (mar.) dandy/pricking note
~ de munca - (intr-o tard strdind) work
permit
~ de navigatie - navigation permit ~ de
pescuit - fishing licence ~ de plecare - (a
navei) sailing permit ~ de ridicare a
marfurilor - (din depozit) demand pass,
pass of goods ~ de scoatere din vama - (a
marfurilor) bond/cartage note ~ de
transbordare - tran(s)shipment delivery
order
~ de tranzit - transit permit ~ vamal customs permit; (mar.) dandy/pricking
note
~ vamal de descarcare - (mar.)
land/landing order
- vamal de eliberare a marfii din depozit
- warehouse withdrawal permit, warehouse
keeper's order' release
~ vamal de incarcare - (mar.)
jerk/jerque/stamp note, shipping bill. entry
out

PER-PER

~ vamal special - (de descdrcare a

mdrfurilor perisabile mainte de controlul vamal) (mar.) request note
permite v.t. to permit, to allow
peron s.n. platform
~ de sosire - arrival platform
perpetuitate s.f. (flux de plati viiloare
egale estimat sd continue vesnic) {fin.)
perpetuity
persoana s.f. person, individual
~ angajata permanent-jobholder
~ angajata temporar - casual
~ care acorda autorizatii/licente licenser, licensor
~ care da cu chirie sau in arenda lessor
~ care face munci ocazionale - odd
hand/man
~ care face o oferta - offerer, offerer
~ care ia in posesiune ilegala disseisor
~ care Tsi asuma riscul - (unei
investitii) risk taker
~ care nu isi indeplineste obligatiile/
angajamentele - defaulter
~ care preia ilegal un teren - claim-jumper
~ care renunta - (la un drept)
disclaimer
~ care supraliciteaza - improver upon
an offer
~ care vinde fara acoperire - (actiuni,
mdrfuri) (bur.) short
~ careia i se aloca actiuni/titluri de
valoare - allottee
~ careia i se face o oferta - offeree
~ careia ii revine o parte - (in urma
unuipartaj) distributee
~ cu semnatura autorizata pe cec cheque signer
~ decedata fara testament - intestate

253

~ deposedata ilegal - disseisee

~ fizica - natural person
~ fizica sau juridica care incearca sa
obtina controlul asupra unei societati
- (prin cumpdrarea masiva i brusca
de actiuni) (bur.) (corporate) raider
~ fizica sau juridica desemnata sa
administreze tranzactiile de actiuni
ca titular - (astfel meat proprietarul
real sd rdmdnd necunoscut) {bur.)
nominee
~ foarte importanta - very important
person
~ impozabila - leviable person
~ in cautare de solduri/ocazii bstrgain hunter
~ juridica - legal/juristic(al)/artificial/
fictitious person, legal entity, corporate
body, body corporate; (client al unei
band) corporate customer
~ numita - (intr-o functie) appointee
~ oficiala - official
~ particulars - private person
~ scutita - (de impozite etc.) exempt
personal adj. personal; (individual)
individual; (particular) private s.n.
personnel, staff
~ administrativ/de birou - office/
clerical staff
calificat - skilled personnel;
qualified/trained staff
~ care nu are dreptui la ore suplimentare - exempt personnel
~ care nu beneficiaza de vechimea in
munca - exempt personnel
~ cu serviciu exterior - outdoor staff
~ de conducere - managing staff
~ de exploatare/deservire - operating
personnel
~ de supraveghere - supervisory
personnel

254

~ de teren - field personnel

~ functionaresc - clerical personnel
~ imbarcat/navigant - seafaring
personnel
~ permanent - permanent/regular
personnel
~ portuar - port personnel
~ supranumerar - redundant
personnel, deadwood
~ tehnic - technical personnel
personalitate s.f. personalty
~ juridica - legal status "<
pescador s.n. fishing cutter/vessel
pescaj s.n. (mar.) draught; (SUA) draft
~ admisibil - permissible draft/
draught, allowable draft/draught
~ de bord liber - freeboard
draft/draught
~ de exploatare - operating draft/
draught, service draft/draught
~ de mcarcare - cargo draft/draught
~ de nava neincarcata - no-load
draft/draught, light draft/draught
~ de plecare - sailing draft/draught
~ de plina mcarcare - full-load
draft/draught
~ in balast - ballast draft/draught
~ mare - deep draft/draught, heavy
draft/draught
~ proiectat - designed draft/draught
~ redus - easy draft/draught, reduced
draft/draught
pescar s.m. fisherman; (cu unditd)
angler; (de coasta) shoreman
pescarie s.f. 1. (pescuit) fishing 2.
(negot) fish trade; (piata de peste) fish
market 3. (produse) fish 4. (cherhana)
fishery
pescui v./. to fish; (cu unditd) to angle;
(cu traulul) to trawl; (cu ndvodul) to seine;
(balene) to whale

PER-PET

pescuit s.n. fishing, fishery

~ comercial - commercial fishing
~ costier - coast(ing) fishery, inshore
fishing/fisher}7
~ de balene - whale fishery, whaling
~ fluvial - river fishery
~ industrial - fishing trade
~ maritim - marine/sea fishery,
pelagic fishing
~ oceanic/in larg - deep-sea fishery/
fishing, pelagic fishing
~ pe platoul continental - offshore
fishery
~ prin traulare - (fish) trawling
~ sezonier - season fishing
peste prep. over; above
~ balustrada navei - (formula dintr-un conosament care aratd cd
responsabilitatea armatorului fata de
caric mcepe cdnd incdrcdtura trece de
balustrada navei) (mar.) over ship's
rail
~ paritate/valoarea nominala (despre actiuni) (bur.) supra pari,
above par
pesin adv. in cash, in ready money; (in
special despre un avans, urmat de
plata in rate) down
petitie s.f. petition, application
a face o ~ - to submit an application
petitionar s.m. petitioner, applicant,
solicitor
petrochimic adj. petrochemical
petrochimie s.f. petrochemistry
petrodolari s.m. pi. petrodollars
petrol s.n. petroleum, (mineral) oil,
naphtha
~ brut crude petroleum/oil/naphtha
petrolier adj. oil... s.n. (oil) tanker.
petroleum carrier/ship/tanker, tank
ship/vessel, oil-carrying ship/vessel

PET-PIA

~ combinat - (petrol-minereu) oil-ore

carrier; (mdrfuri m vrac-petrol) bulk--oil
carrier; (cereale-petrol) grain tanker
~ de benzina - gasoline carrier/tanker ~ de
cabotaj - coastal tanker; inshore oil-tank
~ de cabotaj mic - inshore oil-tank ~ de
produse albe - white products tanker,
clean products ship/vessel, refined products
carrier ~ de produse chimice - chemical
tanker
~ de produse negre - black products
tanker, dirty ship/tanker ~ de tonaj foarte
mare - (peste 160000 tdw} very large crude
carrier, superlarge/supersize tanker ~ de
tonaj mare - large crude carrier, large
capacity tanker
~ de tonaj mediu - intermediate tanker ~
de titei - crude oil carrier/tanker ~ ,,mamut" - (peste 400000 tdw) ultralarge
crude carrier ~ oceanic - ocean-going
tanker ~ - portcontainer - tanker-container
ship/vessel
~ universal - general-purpose/versatile
tanker
petrolifer adj. oil(-bearing) petrovaluta
s.f. petrocurrency pfund s.m. (imitate de
mdsurd pentru greutate) pound
piatra s.f. (pentru incercat titrul aliajelor
de metale pretioase} touchstone piata
s.f. market
~ a acceptelor - acceptance market ~ a
bunurilor si a serviciilor - goods and
services market ~ a creditelor - credit
market

255

~ a cumparatorului - (piata pe care

cumpdrdtorii pot exercita preshini asupra
cursurilor, astfel meat nivelul cotatiilor sd
scada) (bur.) buyer's market
~ a emisiunilor - (fin.) issue market ~ a
factorilor de productie - factor market
- a fortei de munca - labour market ~ a
imprumuturilor rambursabile la cerere - call
market
~ a navlosirilor si a Tnchirierilor charter/chartering market ~ a noilor emisiuni (piata actiunilor societdtilor devenite publice
recent) (bur.} new issue market ~ a petrolului oil market ~ a produsului - product market ~ a
scontului neoficial - (fin.) open discount
market
~ a vanzatorului - (piata pe care vdnzdtorii pot
exercita presiuni asupra cursurilor, astfel meat
nivelul cotatiilor sd creased) (bur.) seller's
market ~ activa - active/lively/brisk market ~
angro/generala - wholesale market ~ calma easy/quiet market ~ captiva (grup de
consumatori care nu pot evita activitdtile
publicitare, de marketing sau nu an de ales
intre mai miilte oferte) captive market ~
cenusie - (piata cu activitate legald, insa cu
preturi mari datoritd ofertei scdzute de mdrfuri;
piata in cadrul cdreia handle dintr-un sindicat
de garantie si plasament si intermediarii
jmanciari cumpdrd titluri in bloc} (corn., fin.}
grey market ~ concurentiala - competitive
market
controlata/inchisa - one-man market

256

~ cu cotatii bune - {atdt la vdnzare, cat si

la cumpdrare) two-sided market ~ cu
plata in numerar la livrare -spot market
~ cu preturi instabile - (pentru cd oferta
este mai mare decdt cererea) soft market

~ de cereale - grain/corn market ~ de

desfacere - (sales) outlet ~ de desfacere
de proba - test market ~ de marfuri {mai ales de alimente si materu prime)
commodity market ~ de metale pretioase
- {sub forma, de lingourl) bullion market ~
de navluri - freight market ~ de
obligatiuni - bond market ~ de produse produce market ~ de scont - discount/bill
market ~ deschisa/libera - open market ~
externa - external/foreign market ~
extrabursiera a titlurilor de valoare unlisted securities market ~ ferma firm/strong market ~ financiara/de
capital - (locul teoretic de intdlnire a
ofertei cu cererea de capitaluri pe termen
mediu si lung a agentilor economic!)
financial/finance/capital market ~
fluctuanta - uncertain/mercurial market
~ futures/a livrarilor la termen -futures
market
~ globala - global/mass market ~
imobiliara - real estate market ~
imperfecta - {cu conciirentd imperfecta)
imperfect market ~ inactiva/stagnanta inactive/ flat/ idle/dull/stagnant/sluggish
market ~ institutionala - institutional
market ~- interbancara - interbank market
~ internationala - international market

PIA-

~ interna - intemal/home/dome
market
~ ipotecara - mortgage market
~ in crestere - {cu tendinta de create
a preturilor) rising market; {bur.) baBi
market
j
~ in depresiune/scadere - depressed?
sagging/down market; {bur.) bear
market
~ in regresie - shrinking market
~ inchisa - closed market
~ la termen - forward market: (Za
bursa de marfuri) terminal market
~ larga - (piatd pe care se inregis-!
treazd tranzactii continue si cursunie '
nu aufluctuatii mari) broad market
~ libera/deschisa - free market
~ lichida - (fin.) liquid market
~ moarta - dead market
~ mondiala - world market
~ monetara - {piatd specified ce are
drept obiect al tranzactiei moneda sub'
toate formele ei) money market
~ nationals - national market
~ neagra - black/underground market
~ neoHciala - unofficial/outside
market; {extrabursiera) unlisted/curb
over-the-counter market; (SUA) off-board market
~ organizata/oHciala - organized
market
~ paralela - {la preturi mai ridicaie.
cu livrare imediata) parallel market
~ perfecta - {cu competitie perfect
perfect market
~ potentials - potential market
~ primara - {piatd pe care sunt tran- \
zactionate pentru prima oard titliirue:
de valoare nou emise) primary market

T
PIA-PIA

PIA-PIE

~ profitabila - (pe care mdrfurile se

vdnd rapid si cu profit bun) ready
market
~ publica - market overt
^ restransa/Iimitata - stringent/
limited market; (pe care unui sail mai
imilti. producdtori an decis sd-si limiteze vdnzdrile) restricted market; (cu
putine tranzactii si fluctuatii man ale
cursurilor) (bur.) narrow/thin market
~ secundara - (piatd pe care simt
Iranzactionate titlurile care nu figureazd pe lista cotatiilor oficiale)
secondary market
~ slaba - weak market
~ specializata - (piatd pe care cotatiile
sunt disponibile fie pentru ofertd, fie
pentru cumpdrare) (bur.) one-sided/-way market
~ specifica - specific market
~ speculative - speculative market
~ spot/a disponibilului - (tranzactie
de mdrfuri sail de monedd cu livrare
imediatd si cu plata in numerar sail in
mdrfuri disponibile) spot market
~ stabila - steady market
~ supraevaluata - (bur.) overbought
market
~ supraincarcata - glutted market
~ tertiara - (piatd pe care actiunile
cotate sunt tranzactionate direct intre
broker si client) (SUA) third market
~ -tinta - target market
~ unica - single market
~ valutara - foreign exchange market
~ valutara la termen - forward
exchange market
piete complete - (portofolii care
cuprind orice tip dorit de cdstigiiri)
(fin.) complete markets

257

~ consolidate geografic - (tranzactiile biirsiere

mondiale)
geographically consolidated
markets
~ continue - (piete financiare care permit ca
operatiile sd fie executate oricdnd in deciirsiil
iinei zile de tran-zactionare) continous markets
~ fragmentate geografic - (tranzactiile
bursiere realizate pe diferite piete geografice
sunt combinate pe o piatd centralizatd prin
computer) geographically fragmented markets
a crea o piata - to make a market a provoca
panica pe ~ - to raid into the market pichet^./i.
picket ~ de greva strike picket pichetare
s.f. (de cdtre grevisti, demonstranti) picketing
picior s.n. (imitate de mdsiird pentru liingime)
foot
~ -cherestea - board-foot measure ~ de ulaj ullage foot/stick pierde v.t. 1. to lose; (trenul,
ocazia etc.) to miss; (timpiil) to waste 2. (bani
prin investitii nerentabile) to sink 3. (la jocuri
de noroc) to gamble away 4. (drept'ul la) to
forfeit v.i. to lose pierdere s.f. loss; waste,
wastage;
(pagiibd) damage
~ a navlului - (ca urmare a indisponibilitdtii navel) loss of freight
~ a unui drept - (prin incdicarea unui
contract) forfeit, forfeiture
-' accidentals - accidental damage
~ aditionala - additional loss
~ bruta -gross loss
~ contabila - (pierdere rezultatd
dintr-o depreciere a posturilor de activ
sail o repreciere a posturilor de pasiv)
book loss

258

~ de bani - (prin investitii nerentabile)

sinking
~ de capital - (la vdnzarea activelor
de capital) capital loss
~ de clientela - loss of customers
~ de curs ~ (pierdere survenitd prin
cumpdrarea unui titlu si revdnzarea sa
la un curs inferior) price loss
~ de forta de munca - (din cauza
angajatilor care demisioneazd din
motive personate) labour wastage
~ de greutate - weight loss
~ de translatie - (pierdere cauzatd de
transpunerea situafiilor financier e din
valuta filialei strdine in valuta societdtii-mama) (fin.) translation loss
~ deliberata/intentionata - (pent) u a
evita plata impozitului pe profit) tax
loss
~ din credite obtinute traudulos fraud loss
~ in avaria comuna - (as ig. mar.)
general average loss
~ in avaria particulars - (asig. mar.)
particular average loss
~ mare/grava - severe/heavy loss.
~ naturala/inerenta - natural wastage
~ nerecuperabila - (manifestare a
ineficientei economice) deadweight
loss
~ neta - net loss
~ partiala - (asig.) partial loss
~ pe hartie - (pierdere nerealizata)
paper loss
~ pe mare - maritime loss
~ pe ultimul an - (reporlul p[aiii
impozitelor datorate pentrii ultimul an,
practical de fisc pentru o societatc
falimentard, prin raportarea la profitui
obtinut pe unul din ultimii trei am)
terminal loss

~ prin contractare/u scare - (la iii-iele

mdrjuri) shrinkage
~ prin interpretare/prezumata -(asig.
mar.) constructive/presumptive loss
~ prin scurgere - leakage loss, loss due to
leakage
- reala - (asig.) actual loss ~ totala total/dead loss ~ totala a obiectului
asigurat - total loss of insured object
~ totala interpretata/prezumata -(asig.
mar.) constructive/presumptive total loss
~ totala reala - (asig.) actual/absolute
total loss
pierderi cauzate de furtui marfii - (;
timpul transportului) (asig.) pilferage ~ de
exploatare - operating losses ~ la
depozitare - storage losses ~ neasteptate
- windfall losses ~ prin credite
neperformante - cred^i losses
~ succesive - succeeding losses
pierdut adj. lost
~ sau nepierdut - (despre nava. mar/a)
(asig. mar.) lost or not lost piesa s.f. 1.
part, piece 2. (specimens specimen;
(exemplar) copy 3. (mo-neda) coin
~ contabila/justificativa - (covering?
voucher
~
de
rezerva/schimb
spare
replacement/renewal part ~ detasabila removable part ~ uzabila - wearing part
pinta s.f. (imitate de mdsurd penrr^
capacitate) pint
piscicultura s.f. fish breeding/culture
farming/husbandry pivnita s.f. cellar, vault

PIV-PLA

__________________________259

-- vamala - bonded vaults

plafon s.n. (nivel maxim) ceilin
(extreme) limit
~ al datoriei - debt ceiling
~ al preturilor - price ceiling
~ al salariilor wage ceiling
~ de creditare - credit ceil
ceiling/
agreement
~ valoric/descoperit - (stabilit
cadrul operatiilor de cliring) swing
in
plafona v.t. to limit
plaja s.f. 1. beach 2. {interval intre
doua mdsuri, doua posibilitdti) spread
~ de licitatie (diferenta dintre pretui
de licitatie si pretui ceruf) bid-asked
spread
plan s.n. plan, scheme; (protect)
project, draft, draught, design;
(program) program(me), schedule
~ al capacitatii de incarcare - (mar.)
capacity/tonnage plan
~ anual - annual/year-to-year plan
~ cadastral - cadastral survey
~ cincinal - five-year plan
~ de activitati zilnice - day plan
~ de afaceri business plan
~ de amortizare - redemption table
~ de amplasare - (o suprafetelor de
productie) floor plan
~ de ansamblu - general plan/outline;
{de amplasamenf) site plan
~ de beneficii al salariatilor (fJarticipare la profit, pensii, asigiirdri
de sdndtate etc.) employee benefit plan
~ de dezvoltare zonala - planned unit
development
- de economii - saving/thrift plan
~- de investitii - investment plan,
expenditure capital plan
~ de incarcare - (cargoplaii) (mar.)
cargo plan, loading/stowage plan

~ de incarcare completa - (a navei)

deadweight plan
~ de invatamant - curriculum
~ de livrari - schedule of delivery
~ de marketing - marketing plan
~ de pensii - pension scheme
~ de pensii contributiv - contributory
pension scheme
~ de pensionare - retirement plan
~ de pensionare dupa criteriul
profesional - occupational pension
scheme
~ de personal - staffing schedule
~ de perspective - long-term plan
~ de productie - production/operating/
output plan
~ de reabilitare/refacere rehabilitation plan
~ de reduceri - (acordate cumpdrdtorului in functie de termenul de
platd in numerar) (corn.) settlement
terms
~ de reinvestire a dividendelor (care permite actionarilor reinvestirea
automata a dividendelor primite in
actiuni ale societdtii platitoare)
dividend reinvestment plan
- de stimulare - (in salarizare)
inventive scheme
~ de vanzare de actiuni salariatilor (unei firme) employee share/stock
ownership plan
~ personal de investitii - (in titluri de
valoare) personal equity plan
~ strategic - strategic plan
planifica v.t. to plan; (a programa) to
schedule
planificare s.f. planning
~ a productiei - production planning
~ a sortimentului de produse product planning

260

~ a structurii organizatorice - (man.)

organization planning
~ a structurii profesionale - (a personalului unei companii) (man.) career
planning
~ bugetara - budgetary planning ~
calendaristica - scheduling ~ centralizata
- central planning ~ corporativa corporate planning ~ economica economic planning ~ familiala - family
planning ~ globala - aggregate planning ~
strategics - strategic planning plantatie s.f.
plantation planta s.f. plant ~ furajera fodder plant '- oleaginoasa - oil plant ~
tehnica/industriala - industrial plant ~
textila - textile plant plasa v.t. (a investi
bani) to place, to invest; (a vinde) to sell
plasament s.n. (investitie) placement,
investment
~ avantajos - eligible investment ~
dezavantajos - sinking ~ direct - (de titluri
de
valoare,
jdrd
interventia
intermediarilor) direct placement
~ financiar - (cheltuiala de capital
efectiiatd in vederea sporirii valorii
acestuia prin diverse forme de investitie)
financial placement ~ pe termen lung long-term/-dated investment
~ pe termen scurt - short-term/'-dated
investment
~ privat - (emisiuni de obligatiuni care nil
fac obiectui unei subscriptii piiblice)
private placement plasare s.f. placement;
(vdnzare) selling, sale

~ de actiuni lipsite de valoare - (bur.

sharehawking, sharepushing plastografia
v. t. to forge plastografie s.f. forgei-y
plata s.f. payment, pay, disbursement;
(a imei datorii) discharge, settlement(achitare/acoperire a cheltuieHlori
defrayal, defrayment ~ a concediului vacation pay ~ a concediului medical sick pay ~ a contrastaliilor - (mar.)
demurrage ~ a impozitelor sou a taxelor ratepaying
~ a salariilor in natura - truck system ~ a
soldului - paynient of balance ~
anticipata - advance payment-payment in
advance
~ contra documente - paymeni against
documents
~ contra ramburs - payment forward ~
contramandata - payment
countermanded
~ cu ora sau cu ziua - time wages ~ dupa
livrare - payment after delivery
~ efectuata - outward payment ~ excesiva
- overpayment ~ fractionata - payment in
driblets ~ graduala a ipotecii - mortgage
graduated payment
~ imediata in numerar - spot cash ~
integrala - full payment, payment in full
~ in acord pe iard de inaintare - [in
mina) yardage
~ in alimente - (a muncitorilor^ tommy
~ in avans - advance paymeni. (iirmata de
rate) down payment ~ in functie de
productia realizata -payment by results

PLA-PLA__________________

____________________261

~ in natura - payment in kind ~ in

numerar - payment in cash;
(formula pe un cec) pay cash
~ in numerar inainte de livrare cash before delivery
~ in numerar la comanda - cash with
order
-- in numerar la livrare - cash on
delivery
~ ill numerar la prezentarea
documentelor - cash against

~ pentru stivuire - (mar.)

documents

~ in rate - payment by instalments;

{SUA) time pa^Tnent
- la livrare - delivery on payment
- la tennenu.l cuvenit - payment in due
course
- majora - (rata substantiald facutain
contid unui miprumut} balloon payment
~ neagra - (catre un lucrdtor angajat fard
contract de munca) black payment. ~
partiala - pan/parti a) payment, payment in
part; (a unei datorii) payment on account
- pentru antrepozitare - warehousing ~
pentru cointeresare/stimulare -(acordata
conducerii unei societdti) enabling/goodwii]
payment
- pentru depozitarea in pivnite cellarage
~ pentru folosirea macaralelor cranage

~ pentm munca dificila - dirty

money/pay
- pentru onoare/sub protest - (a unei
cambii) payment for honour/'.? upra
protest
~ pentru ore suplimentare - overtime
payment

stevedorage, stowage

~ pentru transportui feroviar railage

~ prin virament - payment by
transfer, cashless payment
~ progresiva - progress payment
~ restanta - overdue/outstanding
payment, payment in arrear
- saptamanala - weekly payment ~
simbolica - (a unei mid parti dintr-o
datorie pentru a demonstra ca dehi-torul
recuuoafte ,J7 se angajeazd sd-fi plateascd
datonile} token payment ~ suplimentara additional/extra pay
- trimestriala - quarterage ~ ulterioara subsequent payment plati de transfer (pensii, ajutoare de f,omaj etc.) transfer
payments
- externe - external payments
~ internationale - international
payments
~ periodice - periodical payments
~ preferentiale - (efectuate din averea
unuifalif) (dr.) preferential payments
~ primite - payments received
platforma s.f. platform
~ de antrepozitare - warehouse
storage area
~ de foraj - drilling rig
~ de foraj marin - offshore drilling rig
placuta s.f. plate
placuta fabricii constructoare maker's name plate
plati v.i. to pay; to disburse, to defray;
(o datorie) to settle, to discharge, to
clear, to liquidate, to make up; (un
onorariu) to fee; v.;. to pay

~ anticipat - to pay in advance, to

prepay
~ cotizatii - (regulaf) to pay in

262

~ daune/despagubiri - to pay
damages
~ integral - to pay in full, to pay off
~ in cont curent - to pay in
~ in contui datoriei - to pay on
account
~ in natura - to pay in kind; (salarii)
to tmck
~ in numerar - to pay(in) cash, to
pay/to put down, to cash
~ in rate - to pay by instalments
~ in rate mici - to pay out
~ la livrare - to pay on delivery
~ la timp - to pay up
~ peste - (tarif, valoare} to overpay

~ prin cec - to pay by cheque

~ sub - (tarif, valoare) to underpay
platibil adj. payable; (la cerere)
callable
~ cu anticipate - payable in advance
~ in numerar fara reducere - payable
net cash
~ in rate - payable by instalments
~ la cerere - payable on demand
~ la livrare - payable on delivery
~ la ordin - payable to order
~ la prezentare - payable on
presentation
~ la purtator - payable to bearer
~ la scadenta - payable at maturity
~ la vedere - payable at sight
~ prin andosare - payable as per
endorsement
platit adj. paid
~ anticipat - prepaid
~ in numerar si transportat de
cumparator - (corn.) cash-and-carry
platitor s.m. payer
pledoarie s.f. (dr.) plea, pleading
plenar adj. (despre sedinte, adundri)
plenary

PLA-POL

plenipotentiar adj. plenipotentiary

pliant s.n. prospectus; folder
plic s.n. envelope
~ cu fereastra - window envelope
~ cu salariul - (in numerar, incluzdnd
si fisa de calcul a acestuia) paypacket
plin adj. full
~ si la marca - (despre o na\a
incdrcata) full and down
plugar^.m. ploughman
plus^./i. addition, extra; surplus
~ de casa - surplus in the cash
plusuri si minusuri de casa - cash
shorts and overs
plusvaloare s.f. surplus value
~ absoluta - absolute surplus value
~ relativa - relative surplus value
plutocratic s.f. plutocracy
poanson s.n. stamp
~ de titlu - (pentru metale pretioase
hallmark
podgorean s.m. winegrower.
viniculturist; vintner
podgorie s.f. vineyard
politica s.f. policy; (ca sistem) politics
politica liberului schimb - free-trade
policy
~ pietei deschise - (totalitatea tranzactiilor efectuate de banca central.
pentru a actiona asupra masei mor.ctare si a stabiliza nivelul ratei dobd'.-

zilor) open-market policy

~ usilor deschise - (politica care pc"mite strdinilor sd desfdsoare acti\i:^
economicc sau sd emigreze intr-o (:':-mitd tara) open-door policy
politica a cererii - demand policy
~ a nivelului de trai - standard of iii^
policy
~ a ocuparii - (care urmdreste mer^nerea si cresterea gradului de ocup^s

POL-PRO

a populatiei active prin asigurarea

locurilor de munca) employment

policy
~ a ofertei - supply-side policy
~ agresiva de vanzari - aggressive
sales policy
~ agricola - agricultural policy
~ antiinflationista - anti-inflation
policy
~ antitrust - antitrust policy
- bugetara - budgetary policy
~ comerciala - trade policy
~ concurentiala - (impusa de guvern
pentru a combatc monopolwile)
competition policy
- de austeritate - austerity policy
~ de creditare a bancii - bank lending
policy
-" de credite cu dobanzi ridicate dear money policy
~ de dividende - dividend policy
~ de expectativa - (politico
comerciala) wait-and-see policy
- de marketing - marketing policy
- de mediu - environmental policy
~ de personal - (a unei firme)
personnel policy
~ de plasament/investitii - investment
policy
-- de preturi - pricing policy
~ de relansare - (economica)
expansion policy
~ de relansare prin credit expansion-credit policy
~ de relansare prin oferta - supply-expansion policy
~ de restrictii bugetare - policy of
retrenchment
~ de stabilizare - stabilization policy
- de venituri - income policy

263

~ deflationists - policy of deflation,

disinflationary policy
~ economica - economic policy;
(specified unei anumite administratii)
(SUA) deal
~ externa - foreign policy
~ fiscala - fiscal policy
~ industrials - industrial policy
~ inflationista - policy of inflation,
inflationary policy
~ interna - internal/home policy
~ monetara - monetary policy
~ salariala wage policy
~ tarifara/vamala - tariff policy
polita s.f. 1. (cambie) bill of exchange
2. {de asigurare} policy
~ de asigurare - insurance policy,
policy of insurance
~ de asigurare a bagajelor - baggage
policy
~ de asigurare a banilor in tranzit (pentru sumele transportate intre
banci) cash-in-transit policy
~ de asigurare a caricului - cargo
insurance policy
~ de asigurare a locuintei - household
policy
~ de asigurare a navei - vessel policy
~ de asigurare a navei in constructie
- builder's/construction policy
~ de asigurare a titlului de
proprietate - (realizatd de cumpdrdtorul unui bun imobiliar impotriva
unei eventuale contestdri in justitie,
cdnd vdnzdtorul nu poate dovedi temeinic titlul de proprietate) (defective)
title policy
~ de asigurare casco - hull policy
~ de asigurare colectiva - collective
policy

264

~ de asigurare de calatorie (asigurare medicald, impotriva furtului

etc.) traveller's policy
~ de asigurare de viata - life
(insurance) policy
~ de asigurare de viata conditionata
de profitui actiunilor comune - (pe
piata bursiera) equity-linked policy
~ de asigurare de viata fara beneficii
suplimentare - without-profits policy
~ de asigurare deschisa - open
policy/cover
~ de asigurare evaluata - {care
specified valoarea interesuhii asigurat)
(asig. mar.) valued policy
~ de asigurare flotanta - (in
asigurdrile maritime si de incendiu)
floating policy, floater
~ de asigurare generala general/comprehensive
insurance
policy, running policy
~ de asigurare impotriva incendiilor
- fire insurance policy
~ de asigurare impotriva intreruperii
afacerii - (cauzatd de tin accident
major) business interruption policy,
consequential loss policy
~ de asigurare impotriva pierderii
profitului (prin inchiderea unei
afaceri) loss-of-profits policy; (SUA)
use and occupancy policy
~ de asigurare impotriva tuturor
riscurilor - all-risks policy
~ de asigurare in bloc- (pentru
diferite riscuri) blanket (insurance)
policy; (pentru mai multe voiaje) (asig.
mar.) block policy
~ de asigurare limitata - (care
asigurd numai anumite riscuri) limited
policy

PLO-POM

~ de asigurare maritima - marine

insurance policy, underwriter's policy
~ de asigurare mixta - mixed policy
~ de asigurare neevaluata - (care r.u
specified valoarea interesului asignran
unvalued policy
~ de asigurare nenominalizata - {:r.
care primele sunt revizuite periodic ir.
functie de modi/lean Ie intervenite ir.
riscurile acoperite) declaration policy
~ de asigurare nominala - named
policy
~ de asigurare pe termen - time
policy
~ de asigurare pe voiaj - (asig. mar.
voyage policy
~ de asigurare pentru cheltuielile
medicale - medical expenses policy
~ de asigurare pentru raspunderea
patronilor - (in caz de accidente de
mimed) employers' liability policy
~ de asigurare suplimentara supplementary policy
~ de asigurare-tip - standard policy
~ de onoare/fara obiect asigurat (asig. mar.) honour/wager/gaming
policy, policy proof of interest
~ de reasigurare - reinsurance policy.
policy of reinsurance
~ mixta - (garantata de eel putin dona
societdti de asigurare) composite
policy
polua v.t. to pollute
poluare s.f. pollution
~ a apei - water pollution
~ cronica - (repetatd si de hingi.'.
duratd) chronic pollution
~ fluviala - river pollution
~ marina - marine pollution
pomana s.f. alms, charity; handout
pomicol adj. fruit-growing

PLO-POM

pomicultor s.rn. fruit grower/farmer,

orchardist
pomicultura s.f. fruit growing/farming
pompa s.f. 1. pump 2. pomp, ceremony
pompe funebre - undertaking, funeral
furnishers
pont s.n. (in forma fie confidentiala la
bursd, cursele de cai etc.) tip, hint, cue
ponta v.t. to clock, to book; (marfuri) to
tally v.i. to tally; to check in ~ la plecare (un salariat) to book off/out
~ la sosire - (tin salariat} to book in
pontaj s.n. clocking, booking; (de marfuri)
tally, tallying ~ defectuos - faulty tallying
~ la descarcare - tally of discharge ~ la
incarcare - tally of loading pontator s.m.
(de prezenta) time clerk/keeper; (de
marfuri) tally clerk/keeper, tallyman
popas s.n. (ban) inn popri v.t. to distrain,
to sequestrate ~ bunuri pe cale judiciara to distrain upon goods
poprire s.f. garnishment, sequestration
populatie s.f. population ~ activa - active
population ~ activa disponibila potentially economical active population ~
flotanta - floating population ~ ocupata employed/working/ occupied population ~
stabila/fixa - resident population ~ totala total population port s.n. harbour, port ~
aglomerat - congested port ~ artificial artificial/floating harbour ~ comercial commercial/trading/ mercantile port ~
continental - continental port

POM-POR 265

~ cu maree - (mchis la mareea joasa)

tidal port/harbour
~ cu punct vamal - equipped port
~ cu rafinarie - refinery port
~ cu santier naval - shipbuilding port
~ de andocare - dock harbour/port
~ de buncherare - bunkering/fueling
port
~ de canal - canal harbour/port
~ de descarcare - discharging port
~ de destinatie - destination port
~ de domiciliu/atas/inregistrare home/registration port
~ de escala - port of call
~ de expediere - (a mdrfurilor)
dispatching/forwarding station
~ de import - port of entry
~ de incarcare - lading/loading/
shipping port
~ de lacuri - lake port
~ de livrare - port of delivery
~ de marfuri - cargo port
~ de minereu - ore harbour
~ de operatii directe din vagoane (fara depozitarea mar/if in port) rail
port
~ de pasageri - passenger terminal
~ de plecare - port of departure,
sailing port
~ de refugiu - port of distress/
necessity/refage
~ de sosire - port of arrival/entry
~ de transbordare - transshipment
port
~ de tranzit - transit port
~ deschis - open harbour/port; (in baza
tinui acord comercial) treaty port
~ destinat navelor retinute pentru
contrabanda - port ofadjudication
~ exterior - outer harbour/port

266

~ fara vama si antrepozite vamale unequipped port

~ fluvial - river harbour/port
~ nuvio-maritim - river-maritime port
~ industrial - industrial port
~ interior - inland/inner port
~ liber - foreign (trade) zone
~ maritim - maritime port, sea
harbour/port
~ pescaresc - fishing/fishery harbour
~ petrolier - oil harbour/port
~ sezonier - seasonal port
- sigur -- (din punctui de ve.dere al
operam} safe port
~ terminus - terminal port
~- vamal - port of entry
portabilitate s.f. (carac eristica a
planurilor de pensii care pennite
participantilor sa-^i schimbe locul de
mnnca, fara a schimba sn^sa de undo
iff. vor pfinn beneficiile) portability

portofe! s.n. (pentru bancnote, carti de

credit etc.} wallet
portofoliu s.n. (fin.) portfolio
"- agresiv - (actiuni pdstrate in
speranta cresterii valorii kr pentru

specularea iilterioara) aggressive

portfolio
- de active - asset portfolio
~ de comenzi neonorate - backlog/
stock of orders
- de investitii - investment portfolio
~ de piata - (portofoliul tuturor
oportunitdtilor disponibile de investitii)
market portfolio
~ de riscuri - risk portfolio
~ eficient - (de pe frontiera eficientei)
(fin.) efficient portfolio
porto-franco s.n. free port/zone
portuar adj. port..., harbour...

porumb s.m. maize, Indian

(SUA) corn
~ in vrae - bulk maize
poseda v.t. to possess, to QW!
define) to hold
posesie .s-./.' possession. O\\"GC
tenure; (delmere) hokling
--' de fapt - actual possession
~ incorporala - (propiictciie .1
umu drept legal} IIKOT]
possession
~ intermediara - mediate posse<?
~ m virtrtea dreptului priM
ocupant - occupancy
"- Eegirinia - lawful possession
- pe termen nelim'tat - perpetu.n'
- precara - precarious tenure
- temporara (inchiriere, arer,c
occupancy
a da m ~ - to give possession of
a lua in ~ - to take possession of
a pune pe cineva in ~ - to
property in smb.; (ca most eni tor e'.c 1
institute
a intra in posesia - to enter upofcome/to enter into possession of
a reintra/a repune in ~ - to
possession of, to repossess
posesor s.m. possessor, owaaKS|
(detinator) holder
'1
~ al unei carti de credit - cardholder
posibilitate s.f. 1. possibility 2 M;
(mijioace) means; (resurse) resourca? ;
~ de revocare - (care li penw"
emitentului sd-si rasciimpere ?K/'yntf'i
de valoare, la un pret speci^-cait.. j
inainte de maturitate) call fefians.
callability
~ de schimb - exchangeability
post s.n. post, place, appointrr.
(shijba)]ob

POS-PRA

~ cu norma intreaga - full-time job ~ cu

norma partiala - part-time job ~ liber/vacant
- vacant post/job, vacancy
~ liber temporar - casual vacancy posturi
tranzitorii - (cont.) accruals postdata v.t. to
postdate, to backdate, to date forward poster s.
n. poster
post-restant s.n. paste restante; (SUA) (care
ot) general delivery postal adj. postal, post...
pota s.f. post, mail; (corespondentd) mail;
(oficiu) post office ~ aeriana - air mail ~
electronica - electronic mail ~ interna - inland
mail ~ rapida - express mail potential adj.,
s.n. potential ~ al pietei - market potential ~ de
productie - productive potential ~ de vanzare
- sales potential ~ de viitor - prospective
potential ~ economic - economic potential
povara s.f. burden, load; (greutate) weight
~ a datoriei - debt burden ~ a impozitelor pressure of taxation pozitie s.f. 1. position 2.
(ampla-sament) situation, site 3. (sociala)
standing, status, condition 4. [stare, sold al
limit cont; in cadrid iinm portofoliu de titluri,
numdru! de titluri ale aceleiasi societati; m
cadrul operatiunilor de schimb sau de bursd,
or din de cumparare sau vanzare m curs de
execulie) position ~ creditoare - (cont.)
creditor position ~ descoperita - (ydnzare fdrd
aco-perire) (bur.) short position/ covering

267

~ pe piata - (a unei societati) share of market

~ sintetica (obtinutd prin tranzac-tionarea
optiunilor, cat si a instru-mentelor care stall la
baza acestora) (bur.) synthetic position ~
sociala - social standing, status, condition
~ tehnica - (referitor la situatia pe piatd a unor
actiuni) {bur.) technical position
practic adj. \. practical; (folositor, util) useful;
(aplicat) applied 2. (despre o persoana)
practical (-minded), matter--of-fact; (priceput)
experienced, skilled practica v.t. to practise; to
put into practice; (afolosi) to use, to employ ~ o
profesie - to practise a profession practicant
s.m. probationer; (stagiar) improver
practica s.f. practice; (uzantd) practice, usage,
use; (metoda) practice, method ~ comerciala commercialism, trade practice
~ de navigatie - navigational/sailing practice
~ in productie - plant practice practici
comerciale neloiale - unfair trade practices
~ comerciale restrictive (actiuni ale
societdtilor private sau de stat care practica o
concurentd restrictivd neloiald) restrictive
business/trade practices
prags.n. threshold
~ de rentabilitate - (situatie in care incasdrile
sunt egale cu costiirile, iar profitui este mil)
breakeven (point) ~ de rentabilitate a
numerarului -(prag de rentabilitate obtinut
cdnd se scad elementele nemonetare - cele care

268

nu reprezintd iefire de immerar - din

costurile fixe) (fin.) cash breakeven
point
- de saracie - poverty level/line/
threshold
~ de trecere de la un post de
specialitate la uq post de conducere (mail.) management threshold
~ diferential - (pragul reactiei
c'dmpardwului

la

stf/nuienti)

differential threshold
a atinge pragul de rents bilitate - to
break even
prajiisa s.f. 1. (imitate de mdsrrd
pentru lungmie) perch, pole- 2. (inHate
de masurd pentru lungime f! suprafata)
ro(o)d
prealabil adj. previous, preceding
preambala v.t. to prepack
preaviz .';./;. (previous) notice, warning
~ de concediere - warning for
discharge
~ de o saptamana - a week's notice
a da im ~ - to give notice
precapitalist adj. precapitalistic
precedent adj. previous, prior
precontract s. n. precontract
preda v.t. to hand over, to deliver; (a
remite) to consign; (a incredinta) to
commit, to entrust with
predare s.f. handing over, delivery;
(remitere) consignment; (incredintare)
commitment, entrusting with
~ altei nave - (prin transbordare)
delivery overside

~ conform uzului - customary

delivery
~ de la bord - (mar.) outboard
delivery
~ de-a lungul navei/sub palanc/sotto
palanco - (mar.) alongside delivery

~ definitiva/reala - actual delivery

~ eronata/gresita - misdelivery
~- exacta - right and true deliver).
~ franco -- free delivery
~ imediata - prompt delivery
~ in minus - (fata de documenreie it'
transport) .short delivery
'- Tntarziata - o'verdue delivery
~ la bordu! navei - (mar.) delivery ~v.
board
- necorespunzatoare " (a actiiinilc-^
(inir.) bad dciive"/
~ pestt" bord 1- (mar.) o^.'ers-A
delive"y, discharging overside
~ priii t'ransbordare - deiive.-y '"'
tran.'sfer
~ urgenta - express delivury
predat adj. delivered
~ 111 ininus - (fata de documente!^ df
trafiSpof t) .shon- landed
predispozitie s.f. predisposino-propensity
~ strategical - (tendmia unei societal.
de a nrma G anwnitd strategic pe baz^
activitdtii trecnte i a activelor sa!ei

strategic predisposition
predispus adj. (la) predisposed
inclined to
~ la accidente - accident-prone
preemptiune s.f. (dr.) preemption
prefabrica v.i. to prefabricate
prefabricat adj. (din beton) precast
s.n. (in constructii} prefabricated part.
precast unit
preferential adj. preferential, preferred
preferinta s.f. preference
~ a consumatorilor - consumer
preference
~ frauduloasa - (price platd efecfuata
de cdtre un debitor, in infervalul de trei
him la sfdryitui caruia e declarat falit.

PRE-PRE

catre uiml dintre creditori in detrimental

celorlaiti} {dr.) fraudulent preference
~ pentru lichiditati - [dorinia de a define
bani
licliizi}
liquidity
preference
preferinte economice ale intreprinzatorului
entrepreneur's
economic
preferences
pregatire s.f training
~ de tehnica protectiei muncii -safety
education
~ m cadrui intreprinderii - training
within industry, m-house training '- in
grup - group training - la locul de munca
-job training ~ teoretica - desk training
prejudicia v.t. to prejudice, to be
prejudicial/detrimental to; (a lezd) to injure
prejudiciu s.n. prejudice, detriment,
disadvantage; (pagiibd} damage, loss;
(moral} injury
a cauza un ~ - to do a prejudice/an
injury
preleva v.t. (mostre) to sample, to take
samples
prelevare s.f. (de mostre) sampling
~ aleatorie de mostre - random
sampling
~ de mostre in trepte - multistage
sampling
~ de mostre pe grupuri - cluster
sampling
~ de mostre reprezentative representative sampling
prelua v.t. (afaceri, datorii etc.} to take
over

~ ilegal un teren - to jump a claim

~ o afacere/firma - to succed to a
business
~ o functie - to take an office

269

~ un rise - to assume/to take a risk

preluare s.f. (de afaceri, datorii etc.}
takeover; (absorbtie, preluare a unei
societdti de catre o aha mat mare}

absorption, combination
~ a controlului asupra unei societati
- (prm acumularea treptatd a

actiunilor de la midi actionari} (bur.}

warehousing
~ ferma - (forma de plasament prin
care o bancd sail un grup de band

preia, la un anumit pret, totalitatea

unui imprumut si oferd titlurile prin
siibscriptie publicd pe riscul sdu)
firm/direct underwriting; (a actiunilor
i-mise) taking firm
~ inversa (cumpdrarea unei societal!
anonime de catre una cu rdspundere
limitatd sail a unei societdti man de
catre una mai mica) (bur.} reverse/
inverted takeover
~ lenta/treptata a controlului (asupra unei societdti} creeping
control/takeover
~ ostila - (achizitionarea printr-o
ofertd pe care conducerea societdtii
vizate o respinge} hostile takeover
prelucra v.t. to process; to work;
(mecanic} to machine; (a uzind) to tool
prelucrare s.f. processing; (mecanica)
machining; (uzinare) tooling
~ automata a datelor - automatic data
processing
~ integrata a datelor - integrated data
processing
prelungi v.t. (un termen} to prolong;
(dr.} to continue; (viza, valabilitatea} to
extend; (a reinnoi} to renew; (a amdna} to
delay
prelungire
s.f.
(a unui termen)
prolongation; (dr.} continuation; (a

270

vizei, a valabiUtdtii) extension;

(reinnoire) renewal; (amdnare) delay
~ a unei cambii - renewal of a bill of
exchange
~ a unui credit - extension of a credit
premia v.t. to award a prize to; (a
rdspldti, a recompensa) to reward; (la
salariii un functionar etc.) to give/to
award a bonus to
premiu s.n. prize; (distinctie, titlu etc.)
award; (rasplatd, recompensa) reward;
(la salariu) premium, bonus, bounty presa v.t.
(a indemna, a zori) to urge;
(cerdnd bani) to dun
prescriptie s.f. 1. direction, regulation;
specification 2. (dr.) prescription ~
achizitiva/pozitiva - {mod de dobdndire a
proprietdtii prin posesia mdelungatd a unui
bun) (dr.) aquisitive/positive prescription ~
extinctiva - (dr.) limitation of actions
~ negativa (mod de pierdere a proprietdtii
prin abandonarea indelungatd a unui bun) (dr.)
negative prescription prescriptii de calitate quality specifications
~ tehnice - technical specifications presiune
s.f. 1. pressure 2. (exercitata pentru semnarea
unui contract) (dr.) duress
~ a cererii - pressure of demand ~ a
speculantilor a la baisse - (bur.) bear run
~ a speculantilor a la hausse - (bur.) bull run
~ a stocurilor de marfuri - inventory pressure
~ fiscala - fiscal pressure ~ inflationists inflationary pressure prestare s.f. carrying out

PRE-PRE
prestari de servicii - providing
services
presedinte s.m. president; (al unei
adundri, al unui comitet, al unui
consiliu) chairman
~ al consiliului de administrate chairman of the board (of directors/
board chairman
presedintie
s.f.
presidency;
chairmanship
pretentie s.f. claim, demand; (nelegald,
nefondatd) exaction
~ de despagubire - claim for damage
~ nefondata - bad claim
~ rezonabila - fair claim
pretinde v.t. to claim; (a cere) to
require
~ despagubiri - to claim damages
pret s.n. price; (cost) cost; (cheltuiald)
charge; (tarif) rate
~ ajustabil - sliding scale price
~ al biletului dus-intors - return fare
~ al bileti'lui simplu/de dus - single
fare
~ al marfii la descarcare - (mar.)
landed price
~ al navlului - charter money/rate,
freight rate
~ al pietei - market price
~ al zilei - day's price
~ atractiv - charm price
~ brut - gross price
~ brut al marfii ~ gross value
~ ce include taxele vamale - duty-paid
price
~ cerut - price asked, demand price;
(pret la care un dealer va vinde acthmile pe
care Ie define) ask (price) ~ competitiv competitive price ~ contractual - contract price
~ convenabil - fair/reasonable price

PRE-PRE

271

PRE-PRE

- convenit/stabilit - agreed price

~ cu amanuntui - retail price
~- cu amanuntui recomandat - (de
producdtor) recommended retail price
~ cu plata in numerar - cash price
~ cu reducere/rabat - discount price
~ cu ridicata - wholesale price
~ curent - current/going/ruling/
regular/standard price
~ de baza - basis price
~ de catalog - catalogue/list price
~ de conversie - (.pretui efectiv platit
pentru actiiinile comune atunci cdnd
sunt obtinnte prin conversia actiunilor
preferentiale sail a obligatiunilor
convertibile) conversion price
~ de cost - cost price, net cost
~ de cost antecalculat - precalculated
cost price
~ de cost brut - gross cost
~ de cost contabil - book/accounting
cost

~ de cost efectiv - actual/real cost

~ de cost integral - (care include
costiil de productie si profitui producdtorului) full-cost price
~ de cost pe unitate/unitar - unit cost
~ de cost pe unitate de marfa - single
cost

~ de cost total - total cost

~ de cost uniform - flat cost
~ de cumparare - purchase price
~ de dumping - dumping price
"- de echilibru - equilibrium price
'- de emisiune ~ {a titluriior) issue
price
- de exercitiu - (cursul la care cumpdrdtorul unei optiuni de cumparare sail
vdnzare poate dobdndi sail ceda activul in
cauza) (bur.) exercise/strike price ~ de
export - export price

~ de fabrica - factory/prime/ first cost

~ de inventar - stocktaking price
~ de livrare - (care include toate
cheltuielile de transport pdnd la
punctui de livrare'} delivered price
~ de monopol - monopoly price
~ de oferta - supply price; (pretui la
care sunt vdndute publiculiii actiunile
comune) (bur.) offering price
~ de producator - manufacturer's
price
- de rascumparare - (a titluriior de
valoare) redemption/repurchase price ~ de
regie - force account rate
- de revocare - (a titluriior de valoare, la
un pret specificat, inainte de maturitate)
call price ~ de sacrificiu/sub pretui de
cost -sacrifice price
~ de sold - sale/bargain price ~ de
subscriptie - subscription price ~ de
soc/reclama - knockdown price ~ de
vanzare/desfacere - selling price ~
derizoriu - knockout price ~ efectiv - (de
tranzactionare a actiunilor) (bur.) actual
price ~ exorbitant - racking/unreasonable
price ~ facturat - invoice price
fix/stabil - ferm/fixed/stable/
standing/strong/constant/set price ~
general/unic - blanket/flat price ~
global/forfetar - overall cost, lump sum
price
- hedonic - (pretui implicit/evaluativ
al fiecdrei caracteristici functionate a

mdrfii) hedonic price

~ impus - administered price
~ informativ - informative price

272

~ initial/de strigare - (la Ucitatie)

starting/reserve price; (SUA) upset
price
~ integral - full price
~ intern/de transfer - (fohsit in
schimburile dintre sectoarele/diviziile
unei companu multinationale etc.)

transfer price
~ in antrepozitele vamale - (inainte
de vamuire) in-bond price
~ in care sunt cuprinse toate
serviciile - inclusive terms
~ in crestere - rising price
~ incarcat/exagerat - loaded price
~ la deschidere - {bur.) opening price
~ la incarcarea in vagoane - price on
rail
~ la tnchidere - (bur.) closing price
~ la nivelul pragului de rentabilitate
- breakeven price
~ la termen - forward price
~ liber/nefixat - open price
~ liber de piata - free market price
~ -limita/-prag - (pret minim)
threshold price
~ marcat/afisat - marked price
~ mare/ridicat - high price
~ maximal - (stabilit de guvern,
permis de o lege) maximum price
~ mediu - average/mean price
~ minimal - floor price; (stabilit de
guvern) minimum price
~ neoficial - (dupd inchiderea bursei)
after-hours price; (la bursa neoficiald)
kerb/street price
~ net - net price
~ nominal - nominal price
~ oferit - (la Ucitatie) bid (price),
bidding; (pret pe care un dealer il va
plati pentrii o actiune) bid (price)

PRE-PRE

~ pentru vanzarea in rate - hire-purchase price

~ - plafon - ceiling price
~ prohibitiv/inaccesibil - prohibitive
price
~ putin scazut - (pentru a atrage
cumpdrdtori) shade price
~ recomandat de producator manufacturer's recommended price
~ redus - (drastic) cut price
~ redus in cazul platii in numerar price subject to a cash discount
~ scazut - low price
~ special - special price
~ spot/pentru livrarea imediata spot price
~ strans (cdnd intre pretui cerut s:
eel oferit este o diferentd mica) (bur.)
close price

~ suplimentar - extra price

~ supraevaluat datorita penuriei scarcity price/value
~ sustinut^ubventionat - support
subsidized price
~ tarifar/de referinta - tariff
scheduled price, tariff/scale rate
~ - tinta - (pretui fixat periodic de
CEE pentru produsele agricole) target
price
~ total/care include toate cheltuielile
- inclusive price
~ - umbra - (pret utilizat in situatia ii:
care nu existd un pret al pietei, cum ar
fi cazul tranzactiilor interne ale
firmelor man etc.) shadow price

~ unic - flat price

~ unitar - unit price
pretui eel mai bun/avantajos - (bur. i
best price
~ eel mai scazut - bottom price

PRE-PRI

preturi ale marfurilor in expeditie (mar.) prices afloat

~ diferentiale - (pentru acelasi produs
pe piele diferite) differential/split prices
~ medii pe piata - market averages
~ mondiale - world market prices
~ ridicate/avantajoase pentru
vanzator - seller's prices
~ sezoniere - seasonal prices
pretui v.t. to value, to valuate, to
estimate, to appraise
~ la - to set the price/value at
~ putin - to set a low value on
pretuitor s.m. (evahiator) valuer,
estimator, rater, appraiser
prevedea v.t. 1. to foresee, to forecast
2. (a stipula) to stipulate, to provide;
(prin. contract) to covenant; (cu fonduri) to
furnish; {in bugef) to budget previziune s.f.
(prognozd) forecast; (a cursului actiunilor)
(bur.) outlook prezenta v.t. to present: (a oferi)
to offer; (a da) to give; (a expune) to exhibit, to
display; dm raporf) to make;
(explicatii, referinte. probe etc.) to
furnish; (pentru acceptare) to hand in
~ incorect/inexact - (date) to
misrepresent
~ o oferta de furnizare de marfuri to tender for a supply of goods
~ scrisori de acreditare - to deliver
credentials
~ un cec spre incasare - to present a
cheque for payment
~ un plan spre aprobare - to submit a
plan for approval
prezentare s.f. presentation; (oferta)
offer; (oferta pentru furn izarea de
marfuri, servicii) tender; (expiiiiere)
exhibition, display

273

~ a sarcinilor si a cerintelor - (speci-fice unui

post) (man.) job specification ~ de produse sau
servicii noi (retelei de distributie inainte de lansurea pe piata) selling in
~ -reclama - (a unei carfi fdcutd pe
coperta acesteia) blurb
prezida v.t. to preside at/over, to chair
v.i. to be in/to take the chair
prezumat adj. (estimaf) constructive
prezumptiv adj. presumptive
prezumptie s.f. (dr.) presumption
~ absoluta - conclusive/irrefutable
presumption
~ de fapt - presumption of fact
~ legala - presumption of law
prim num., adj. first
prima adunare generala a actionarilor - statutory meeting
~ ipoteca - first mortgage
~ prima - (asig.) first premium
~ solicitare (prima trarisd pentru
achitarea unui packet de actiiini) (bur.)
first call
primul esalon de conducere - (imediat superior salariatilor obisnuiti)
first-line management
~ exemplar - (al unei cambii) first of
exchange
~ intrat, primul iesit - (metoda de
control al stocurilor care presupune cd
mdrfurile cumpdrate mai deinult vor fi
utilizate prioritar in procesul de
productie) (cent.) first in, first out
- semestru - (bur., cont.) first-half
year
~ sosit, primul operat - (navele sunt
operate in ordinea. sosirii) (mar.) first
come, first served
prima s.f. premium; (gratificaiie, bonificatie) bonus, gratuity; (subventie

274

guvernamentala acordald agriculturii,

unor sectoare industriale, pentru sustinerea exporturilor) bounty ~ compusa (in asigurdrile de viatd) compound bonus
~ de actiune - (diferenta dintre pretui
actiunii si valoarea sa nominala) share
premium
~ de asigurare - insurance premium ~ de
celeritate - dispatch money ~ de eficienta
- efficiency bonus ~ de emisiune a
actiunilor - premium on an issue/on shares
~ de export - export bounty ~ de inllatie
(primd pentru inflatia aiiticipatd sail
estimatd pe care investi-torii o adund la
rata
purd
a
rentabilitdtii)
inflation/inflationary premium ~ de
inflatie la rata dobanzii -interest rate
inflationary premium ~ de munca in
conditii de praf (la descdrcarea
cerealelor, a cimentului etc.) dust
allowance
~ de negociabilitate/lichiditate -(primd
addugatd de investitori la rata dobanzii
umii titlu de valoare pentru a compensa
lipsa unei piete de tranzac-tionare a
acestuia) (fin.) marketability premium
~ de optiune - (platitd de cumpd-rdtorul
unei optiuni de cumpdrare) option
premium
~ de pavilion - (mar.) flag share ~ de
productivitate ~ productivity bonus
~ de productie - production bonus ~ de
rascumparare - redemption premium
~ de reinnoire - (a conlractuliii de
asigurare pentru un an) renewal premium

~ de revocare - (sumd peste valoarec

nominala care trebuie pidtitd de o
societate cdnd revocd o emisiune iie titluri
de valoare) call premium
~ de rise - (diferenta dintre raid necesard
a rentabilitdtii unui actn riscant dat ^i rata
rentabilitdtii unu:
activ lipsit de rise cu aceeasi viald
estimatd) (fin.) risk premium
~ de rise de piata - (fin) market risk
premium
~ de stimulare - premium pay.
incentive premium
~ directa/pentru optiune de cumparare - (bur.) premium for the call
~ esalonata - (as ig.) deferred premium
~ globala - (asig.) gross premium
~ integrals ~ (asig.) full premium
~ inversa/pentru optiune de vanzare
- (bur.) premium for the put
~ in actiuni - share bonus
~ in numerar - cash bonus
~ necastigata - (restituitd asiguratuliii
de societatea de asigurdri cdnd proprietatea acestuia nu afost amenintatd
de rise) unearned premium
~ oferita contra expedierii unui bon (care dovedeste achizitionarea unor
produse) mail-in-premium
~ pentru economisirea timpului de
munca - time-saving bonus
~ pentru marirea productiei (acordatd muncitorilor) acceleration
premium
~ pentru neridicarea vreunei
pretentii de plata - (de cdtre titidarul
unei polite de asigurare auto) no-claim
bonus
~ supliinentara - (asig.) additional,
extra/loaded premium, surcharge
primarie s.f. town/city hall

PR1-PRO

primi v.t. to receive, to get; to accept

primire s.f. reception, receiving,
receipt
~ in cont - receipt on account
principal adj. principal, main, chief,
leading
principiu s.n. principle
principiul exceptiei - {management
prin eliminare, retinerea aspectelor
critice in detrimental celor neesentiale
de catre manager) exception principle
~ posibilitatilor de plata - (impozite
proportionale cu veniturile) ability-to-pay principle
prioritate s.f. priority
~ a ofertei - first refusal
~ la descarcare - unloading priority
priva v.t. \. (de) to deprieve (of) 2. (de
un drept/o capacitate legala) (dr.) to
incapacitate
~ de dreptui de achitare a unei
ipoteci - (prin depdsirea termenului de
scadenta) {dr.) to foreclose
~ de dreptui de folosinta - {dr.) to
foreclose
privare s.f. 1. deprivation 2. (de un
drept, o capacitate legala) (dr.')
incapacitation; foreclosure
privat adj. private; personal
privatiza v.t. to privatize
privatizare s.f. privatization
~ a unei societati prin preluarea
pachetului majoritar de actiuni de
catre conducerea existenta management buy-out
~ a unei societati prin preluarea
pachetului majoritar de actiuni de
catre o cchipa manageriala din afara
ei - management buy-in
privilegiat adj. (despre creditori ale
caror creante sunt rambursate

275

prioritar in caz de faliment) privileged,

preferential, preferred
privilegiu s.n. \. privilege; preference,
preferential/preferred claim 2. (acordat
de regind sail de parlament pentru
wfiintarea unei societati, a unei firme
etc.) charter
~ de conversie - (dreptui unui individ,
asigurat in grup, so. mcheie o asigurare
individtiald cdnd asigurarea colectivd
expird) (asig.) conversion privilege
~ de emisiune - issue power
~ de plata anticipate - (a unei datorii
mainte de scadenta) prepayment
privilege
~ de reinnoire a termenului de
asigurare - renewal privilege of term
insurance
~ de revocare (clauzd in corporatd
intr-o obligatiune sail actiune preferentiald care ii da emitentului dreptui
de a revoca titlul de valoare la un pret
specificat) call privilege
~ in caz de faliment - (stabilirea
preferentiald a ordinii creditorilor
repartizati in diverse clase)
preferential/preferred claim under
bankruptcy
prost adj. bad
proasta administrare/conducere maladministration
proba s.f. 1. proof, test; (incercare)
trial; (a metalelor) assay; (verificare,
control) verification, control 2.
(mostrd) sample, specimen 3. (dovada)
proof, evidence
~ de accept - (a! unei camhii de catre
tras) acceptance trial
de anduranta/rezistenta -endurance
test ~ de calitate - control test

276

~ de exploatare/functionare performance test

~ de fezabilitate - feasibility test
~ de lucru - (in indiistria te.xti1.ci)
sample of fabric/work
~ de omologare - acceptance test/trial
~ de predare - {a navel} delivery trial
- de receptie - qualification/official/
warranty test
~ de receptie-predare - acceptance
delivery test
~ la cumparare - purchase trial
~ la scara naturala - field experinient
- -martor - check/duplicate sample
-~ medie - average sample
~ testimonials - (dr.) proof by witness
problema s.f. problem, question;
(chesfiiine) matter; (obiect al wiei
discutii, al unei con'troversc) issue
~ de fond - substantive issue;
fundamental question
~ de reprezentare/mandat
(potential conflict de interese mtre
actionarii unei finne si conducerea
acesteia sail nitre obligator! si
actionari) agency problem
proceda v.i. to act; (la) to proceed (to),
to go on (to)
procedeu s.n. procedure, proceeding;
method
procedura s.f. procedure, proceeding,
practice
~ de arbitraj - arbitration procedure
~ de faliment - procedure in
bankruptcy
~ judiciara -judicial/legal proceeding
~ judiciara sumara - summary
proceeding
~ vamala - procedure of customs
procent s.n. percentage, rate (per cent)
~ al impunerii - tax rate

PRO-PRO

~ de rebuturi - reject rate

~ ridicat - heavy percentage
procentaj s.n. percentage
proces s.n. 1. process 2. (dr.) action a:
law, case; (civil) (law) suit; (penan
criminal trial
~ civil - civil case, (law) suit
~ de daune - damage suit
~ de identificare - (a salariatului cu
obiectivele mtreprinderii) (mat1..

fusion process
- de productie - production process
- economic - economic process
- industrial - industrial run
~ penal - criminal trial, case
~ tehnologic - operating process, flow
- -verbal - (official) report; record
a fi in ~ cu cineva - to be at law with
smb.

a intenta un ~ cuiva - to bring smb. to

law, to bring/to enter an action against
smb., to institute/to take legal
proceedings against smb.
procura v.t. to procure, to obtain, to
get; (bani) to raise, to obtain, to find
procurator s.m. (tnandatar)
procurator, proxy
procura s.f. procuration, proxy, power
of attorney, letter of attorney
procuration, warrant/warranty of
attorney, trust deed/instrument
~ de administrare - (a averii unei
persoane decedate) letters of
administration
~ pentru vanzare - trust for sale
~ speciala - special/particular power
(of attorney)
producator adj. producing, yielding;
productive
s.m.
producer.
manufacturer; (de jilrne, spectacole,

PRO-PRO

programe de radio fi televiziune)

producer
~ individual - individual producer
~ la costuri marginale - marginal cost
producer
~ particular - private producer
produce v.t. 1. to produce, to
manufacture 2. (profit, dobdndd) to
return, to yield; (o recolta} to yield
~ m serie - to mass-produce
- pe handa rulanta - to produce on the line
"- prea in'iilt fata de - (cerere sent
cantitatea pre.'i'azuta} to overproduce
- sub - {randament'd normal} to
underproduce
prodnctiv adj. productive, efficient,
gainful; {despre zacammte, tereiwrif

pay, payable
productivitate s.f. productivity,
efficiency
- a capitalului - productivity of capital
a capitalului fix - physical
productivity
~ a factorilor de productie -productivity
of factors of production "- a muncii productivity of labour, working efficiency
~ globala - (eficienta agregatd a utilizdrii
tuturor factorilor de productie la nival de
imitate economicd) overall productivity
-~ maxima - peak productivity ~ medic average productivity ~ pe om-ora - output
per man-hour ~ pe om-schimb - output per
man-shift productie s.f.
production,
output, outturn; manufacture; {agricola)
yield, harvest

277

~ agricola - agricultural/farm
production, harvest
~ artizanala/la domiciliu - cottage
production
~ continua - permanent output ~ de
calitate superioara - quality production
~ de marfuri - commodity production ~
de serie - standard production, repetitive
manufacturing '- efectiva/reala - effective
output
rixperimeiitala/-pilot
pilot
production
- g5obala - gross/aggregate output
~ indirecta - (care foloseste diviziunea
Jinmcii) indirect production
~ industriala - industrial outpui/
production
interna
indigenous/home
production
- in flux/pe banda - flow/line
production, belt system of production
~ in flux continuu - continuous flow
production
~ in serie/masa - mass/quantity/serial
production
- in serie mica/discontinua - small-scale production
~ la hectar - crop capacity, yield
production
~ -marfa - market output
~ maxima - maximum/peak/ultimate./
capacity output
~ modulara - modular production
~ medie - average output
~ mete$ugareasca - handicraft
industry
~ neta - net production
~ nominala - rated output
~ orara - hourly output/production

278

~ pe cap de locuitor - per capita

output
~ pe loturi - batch production
~ pe om-ora - output per man-hour
~ pe om-schimb - output per man-shift
~ potentials - potential production
~ primara (a materiilor prime}
primary production
~ -record - record output
~ redusa - reduced output
~ saptamanala - weekly output/
production
~ secundara - (f'abricarea de produse
finite din materii prime si realizarea de
constructii civile) secondary production
~ tertiara - (a serviciilor) tertiaiy
production
~ vinicola - (a iinui an) vintage
~ zilnica - daily output/production
produs s.n. {artificial sail natural)
product; {natural sail agricol) produce;
(articol) article; (marfd) commodity;
(care se aruncd dupd mtrebuintare, in
general una singurd) throwaway
~ agricol - agricultural/farm produce
~ brut - crude product; (nefinisat) raw
product
~ cu defect - faulty product
~ cu implicare puternica - (pe care
ciimpdrdtonil se hotdrdste cu greu sd-l
achizitioneze)
high-involvement
product
~ cu implicare scazuta - (pe care
cumpdrdtorul se hotdrdste iisor sd-l
achizitioneze') low-involvement product
~ de substitute - substitution product
~ ecologic - green product
~ farmaceutic - pharmaceutical
~ final - end product
~ finit - final/terminal product

PRO-PRO

~ inferior - (pentru care cererea scade atunci

cdnd scad si preturile) infenor good
~ intern brut - gross domestic producr ~
intern net - net domestic product ~ marginal (productia suplimentars care se obtine prin
folosirea unes unitdti in plus dintr-o resiirsd,
celelalie resurse
rdmdndnd
neschimbate
constante) marginal product ~ mondial brut gross world product ~ national brut - gross
national product
~ national net - net national product ~
neperisabil - nonperishable product ~ oferit
gratuit - (de firma produ-cdtoare in scop
promotional) giveaway ~ patentat proprietary product ~ perisabil - perishable
product ~ principal/de
baza - primary
product; (al unei tdri) staple ~ petrolier petroleum product; oil ~ petrolier rafinat refined oil ~ secundar/auxiliar - by(e)-product
~ sintetic - synthetic product ~ social
marginal - marginal social product
~ social total - social total product produse
alimentare - food products-foodstuffs
~ chimice - chemicals ~ comercializabile marketable products
~ cu durata medie de folosinta -semidurables
~ de calitate medie/calitatea a douamiddlings
~ de culoare galbena - (bunuri de consum mai
scumpe, care se schimba la intervale mari de
timp) yellow goods

PRO-PRO

~ de culoare maro - (bunuri de consum de

folosinta indelungatd care se fabricau
initial in carcase de culoare maro
radiouri, ielevizoare etc.') brown goods
~ de culoare portocalie - (bunuri de
consum. precum articolele de vestimematie, inlocuite in ritm moderat) orange
goods
~- de culoare rosie - (bunuri de consu'n,
precum cele alimentare, con-sumate yi
inlocuite imediat) red goods
- de fabricatie interna - home products
-'' de folosinta imediata - consumer
nondurables
-- de folosinta indelungata - consumer
durables, hard goods
- de imica foiosinta - disposable
goods, disposables
~ in lucru/curs de fabricatie - (conf.)
(SUA) goods in progress
~ iactate - dairy produce
meste^ugaresti
handiworks,
handmade goods
~ petroliere albe/curate - (benzine.
terebentme, molorina speciala) white
products oil, clean/light oils ~ petroliere
negre - (titei, pacurd, motorina)
black/^irty oils ~ petroliere nepericuloase
- (cu temperatura de aprindere sub 65C)
nondangerous oils
~ petroliere periculoase - (CM temperatura de aprindere sub 23 C)
dangerous oils
semifabricate
semifinished/
semimanufactured products
similare/de substitute
homogeneous products

279

~ textile - textile goods; (vdndute ca

material) soft goods
profesa v.f., v.i. to profess, to practice
profesie s.f. profession, vocation,
occupation
profesional adj. professional,
vocational, occupational
profesionalism s.n. professionalism
profesionist adj., s.m. professional
profil s.n. profile
~ al clientelei - customer profile
~ aE concurentei - competitive profile
~ al consumatorilor - consumer
profile
profit s.n. profit, benefit, gain, return;
proceeds, earnings, revenues ~
acumulat/nedistribuit - (actio-narilor cu
scopul formarii de fonduri de investitu)
retained profit/earnings, unappropriated
profit/earnings, undistributed
profit/earnings, retentions, earned surplus
- admis - (profitui net) admitted profit
- atribuibil - (profit care poatefi atribitit unui sector sail unui departament
dintr-o organizatie) (man.) attributable
profit
~ brut - gross profit; (din exploatare)
trading profit
~ contabil - book/accounting profit
~ de capital - (obfinut din vdnzarea de
fondurifixe) capital profit

~ de monopol - monopoly profit

~ din activitatea curenta ~ business
profit
dupa impozitare/impozitat earnings after taxes, after-tax profit ~
economic - economic profit ~ iluzoriu illusory profit ~ impozabil - taxable
profit, chargeable gain

280

PRO-PRO

~ inainte de impozitare/neimpozitat earnings before taxes, before-tax profit ~

legal - legal profit ~ net - net/clear profit ~
normal - normal profit ~ ocazional casual profit ~ rapid - quick returns ~
scriptic/teoretic - paper profit ~
suplimentar - extra profit a aduce ~ - to
bring in profit; to yield a permite/a
rezulta 1111 ~ - to leave a profit
a trage un ~ din - to drive benefit/
advantage from
profita v.i. {de) to profit by, to take
advantage of, to trade on/upon profitabil
adj. profitable, beneficial, gainful,
lucrative, remunerative, moneymaking;
advantageous, rewarding
profitor adj. profiteering s.m. profiteer
prognoza v.t. to forecast prognoza s.f.
forecast
~ a fluxului de fonduri - fund flow
forecast
~ a profitului - profit forecast ~ a
vanzarilor - sales forecast ~ de afaceri business forecast ~ de trend - trend
forecast ~ economics - economic forecast
~ pe termen lung - long-term/-range
forecast
~ pe termen scurt - short-term/-range
forecast
program s.n. program(me); (plan)
schedule, plan; (orar) timetable,
schedule; (politic) platform ~ al
salariatilor - personnel plan ~ de
amortizare - (c.ont., fin.) amortization
schedule

~ de amortizare a imprumutului loan amortization schedule

~ de descarcare - discharging
schedule
~ de e$alonare a creditului - loan
schedule
~ de mcarcare - loading schedule
~ de lucru (ore de lucru in magazine
yi birouri) business hours
~ de lucru cu intreruperi - broken
time
~ de ree$alonare a ipotecii - mortgage
rewrite programme
~ de subantrepriza - subcontract
programme
~ flexibil de lucru - flexibile working
hours
~ redus de lucru - short-time working,
short day
a lucra cu ~ redus - to be on short
time
programa v.t. to program(me); to plan,
to schedule
progress./?, progress
~ continuu/sustinut - steady progress
~ economic - economic progress
~ tehnic - technical progress
progresiv adj. progressive
prohibi v.t. to prohibit, to ban
prohibitiv adj. prohibitive, prohibitory
prohibitie s.f. prohibition
proiect s.n. project, design, scheme;
(de document) draft ~ de buget - draft
budget, estimates
o

~ de contract - draft contract

~ de lege - draft law, bill
~ de lege de interes public - public
bill
~ de lege financiara - (pentru alocatii
bugetare) appropriation/money bill
~ de statut - draft articles

PRO-PRO

- tehnic - technical design

proiecta v.t. to project, to design, to
plan
proiectant s.m. designer, planner,
draftsman
~ -sef- chief designer
proletar adj., s.m. proletarian
proletariat s.n. proletariat
proletariza v.t. to proletarianize
promoter s.m. promoter
promotional adj. promotional
promova v.t. 1. (initiative, interese
etc.) to promote; (interese) to advance;
(intens un produs, o marcd etc.) to boost 2.
(in grad, infunctie) to raise promovare s.f.
promotion ~ a reactiei directe - (a
cumpdrd-torului) direct response
promotion ~ a unei marci - brand
promotion ~ a vanzarilor - sales
promotion ~ prin intermediul unei
personalitati
- personality promotion
promulga v.t. to promulgate, to enact
pronosport s.n. football pool/coupons
pronunta v.t. (o sentintd) to pass, to
deliver
propasi v.;'. to prosper, to flourish, to
thrive
proportie s.f. proportion, ratio;
percentage
proportional adj. proportional
proprietar s.m. owner, proprietor,
holder, possessor; (care da in chirie
sau in arendd) landlord
~ al marfii - cargo owner
~ care percepe o chine excesiva rack-renter
~ cu titlu de proprietate inregistrat/
inserts - (in cartea funciara) registered
proprietor
~ de chei - wharfinger

281

~ de magazin - storekeeper
~ de nava - shipowner
~ de nava de linie - berth owner
~ de resurse - resource owner
~ de ziar - (SUA) publisher
~ funciar - landowner
~ prezumtiv - reputed owner/
proprietor
~ riveran -- riparian
~ unic - sole owner/proprietor
proprietate s.f. 1. property; (posesiune,
detinere) ownership 2. (trdsdturd,
calitate) property, quality
~ a unui absenteist - absentee
ownership
~ abandonata pe mare - derelict
~ absoluta - absolute ownership
~ comuna - (indiviziune) joint
ownership
~ cooperatista - cooperative property
~ corporala - corporeal/tangible
property
~ cu drept de mostenire limitat estate in tail
~ ereditara - fee, heir land
~ funciara - land(ed) property, estate
~ funciara absoluta - (cu drept de a o
transmite oricdrui mostenitor) fee
simple, freehold
~ funciara limitata - (cu drept de a o
transmite unei categorii limitate de
mostenitori) fee tail
~ imobiliara - real estate/property,
realty,
immo. able
property,
immovables
~ inalienabila - mortmain
~ individuala/nesolidara - severally,
several property
~ indiviza - undivided property
~ industrials - (asupra brevetelor,
mdrcilor etc.) industrial property

282

~ intelectuala - intellectual property

~ ipotecata - embarrassed/encumbered
estate

~ inchiriata - leasehold (property),

letting, tenement
~ libera de sarcini/neipotecata estate free from encumbrances, clear
estate

~ mobiliara - personal estate/property,

personalty
~ necorporala - incorporeal/intangible
property
~ neevaluata/neimpusa - unassessed
property
~ nuda - bare ownership, ownership
without usufruct
~ obsteasca - collective ownership/
property
~ ocupata temporar - (prin inchiriere
sau arendare) tenancy
~ particulara/privata - private
ownership/property
~ pe viata - life estate
~ publica/de stat - public/state
ownership, public/state property
~ transmisibila numai pe linie
feminina - tail female
~ transmisibila numai pe linie
masculina - tail male
proprietati tehnologice - process/
processing properties
prospect s.n. prospectus; (brosurd)
leaflet
~ de emisiune - issue prospectus
prosper adj. prosperous, flourishing,
thriving
prospera v.i. to prosper, to flourish, to
thrive
prosperitate
s.f.
prosperity,
thrivingness
protectie s.f. protection

PRO-PRO

protectia muncii - labour protection protectie

a consumatorilor consumer protection
~ a locurilor de munca - employment
protection
~ a mediului - environment protection ~
contra accidentelor - accident prevention
~ prin brevetare - patent coverage ~ sociala social protection/security protectionism s.n.
protectionism ~ administrativ - (implied
restrictii legislative asupra unor norme de consum, norme sanitare etc. m scopiil mdepartdrii
producalorilor straini} administrative
protectionism ~ nontarifar - (aplicat prin
mdsuri de contingentare a importurilor, mteriicerea totald a importurilor pe o pe-rioadd de
timp, formalitdti descuraja-toare de
import) nontanff protectionism
~ tarifar - (care constd in aplicarea de taxe
vamale asupra produselor impor-tate) tariff
protectionism protectionist adj. protective
s.m. {adept
al
protectionismului)
protectionist
proteja v.t. to protect; (a sprijini) to support;
(o Industrie, un sector economic) to
safeguard protest s.n. 1. protest 2. (cambiaH
protest
~ de munca - industrial action ~ pentru
neacceptare - (a unei cambii) protest for
nonacceptance ~ pentru neplata - (a unei
cambii) protest for nonpayment ~ social - (cu
ocuparea unui local, a unui spatiu} sit-in

PRO-PUN

protesta v.i. (impotriva) to protest (against) v.t.

(o cambie) to protest ~ o cambie - to protest a
bill of exchange, to make protest of a bill of
exchange
~ o cambie prin intermediar - to have a bill
protested prototip s. n. prototype provizie s.f.
provision, store, supply provizii nevamuite {ale unei nave) bonded stores
a face ~ - to get in provisions provizion s.n.
provision ~ pentru credite neperformante bad loan provision
~ pentru pierderi din credite - loan loss
provision
provizoriu adj. provisional, temporary
prudenta s.f. {concept de baza conform cdiuia cdnd doud valori sunt posibile trebuie sd se
retina cea mai scdzuta) (cont.) prudence
psihografie s.f. psychographics psihologie s.f.
psychology psihologia muncii/industriala occupational psychology psihotehnica s.f.
industrial psychology public adj. public; {de
stat} public. state... s.n. public; {aiidienta)
audience ~ captiv - {obligat sd asculte
material publicitar in timpiil receptiondrii
iinor programe de radio si televiziune) captive
audience
publica v.t. to publish, to issue; (in monitorul
oficial) to gazette publicatie s.f. publication;
(periodicd) periodical; (revista) magazine ~
bihmara - fortnightly ~ de specialitate specialized publication ~ de uz intern restricted publication

283

~ informativa - digest
publicitate s.f. publicity, advertising
~ combativa - combative advertising
~ comparativa - comparative
advertising
~ comuna/colectiva - (colaborarea
mai multor firme pentru a reduce
cheltuielile in acest sector) cooperative
advertising
~ distrugatoare - (text publicitar care
criticd un produs concurenf) knocking
copy
~ etica - ethical advertising
~ industrials - business-to-business
advertising
~ informativa - informative
advertising
~ institution ala - {a unei firme, menitd
sd sporeascd prestigiul acesteia)
institutional advertising
~ murala/pe fatada cladirilor mural/wall advertising
~ nationals - national advertising
~ persuasiva - persuasive advertising
~ primara - (reclamd pentru tin
produs, fdrd precizarea marcii)
primary advertising
~ prin postere - poster advertising
promotionala
promotional
advertising
- subliminala - subliminal advertising punct
s.n. 1. point 2. (articol, paragraj) item; {de pe
ordinea de zi) item 3. (/oc) point, place, post,
spot ~ comercial - trading post ~ critic al
rentabilitatii - breakeven point
~ de atractie turistica - sightseeing spot,
showplace
~ de aur la import - (fin.) import gold/specie
point

284

PUN-PUT

~ de baza - (o sutime dintr-un punct

procentual) basis point
~ de impunere - (cdnd trebuie
achitatd TVA) tax point
~ de interventie/sustinere - (cand
banca centrala intervine pentru sustinerea cursiilui) support point
~ de livrare - delivery point
~ electronic de vanzare -- electronic
point of sale
~ in litigiu - (dr.) issue
-- litigios de drept - (dr.) issue of law ~ litigios
de fapt - (dr.) issue of fact ~ pana !a care se
poate obtine capital
- (in mod rentabil) capital cut-off point ~
periculos - (sub care reduccrea tarifelor
v.umale la import prejudiciazd economia
nationals) peril point ~ vamal - customs house
puncte de aur - (limitele nitre care oscileazd
rata de schimb a doud volute cu ctalon-aur, in
condltiile circulatiei libere a aiirulni mtre tdri)
{fin.) gold/specie points

~ in discutie - points at issue

~ pe ordinea de zi - items on the
agenda
punctaj s.n. scoring
~ de bonitate - credit scoring
purtator s.m. bearer
~ de cuvant - spokesman
putere .s'./ 1. power 2. authority
~ de cumparare ~ purchasing/buying
spending power
~ de cumparare a banilor - money
purchasing power
- de monopol - monopoly power
~ discretionara de cumparare discretionary spending power
~ executiva - executive authority
~ fiscala - (la autovehicule) taxable
horsepower
~ limitata dc decizie - limited
discretion
~ retroactiva (efect retroaciiv al unei
legi) retroaction

R
rabat s.n. rebate, discount, allowance,
reduction (in price)
~ comercial - trade discount
~ comercial pentru plata in numerar
- cash discount
~ de sfarit de an - end-year rebate
~ global (acordat de furnizor
detailistului m unumite conditii) (corn.)
aggregate rebate
~ la cantitate - quantity discount/
rebate, volume discount/rebate
~ la greutate - weight allowance
~ la navlu - freight rebate
radia v.t. 1. (a sterge) to erase; (de pe o
listd, dintr-nn registru) to strike off, to
cross off, to remove 2. (o datorie, o
ipotecd) to cancel, to discharge
~ din barou - to disbar
radiat adj. {din registrul de comert)
defunct
rafina v.t. to refine
rafinarie s.f. refinery
~ de petrol - petroleum/oil refinery
raid s.n. raid

raidul din zori - (cumpdrarea

neanuntatd a unui packet mare de

actiuni in primele momente ale

deschiderii bursei pentru a evita
cresterea cursului acestora) (bur.)
dawn raid
raion s.n. \. district 2. (intr-un

magazin) department
~ de solduri - bargain
basement/counter
~ de vanzare angro - (la un mare
magazin) contract department

ramburs
s.n.
1.
(rambursare)
reimbursement, repayment 2. (plata)
payment
rambursa v.t. to reimburse, to repay, to
pay back, to refund; (cheltuieli) to defray;
(a amortiza) to redeem rambursabil adj.
reimbursable,
repayable;
defrayable;
(amortizabil) redeemable
rambursare
s,f.
reimbursement,
repayment, refunding; (a chelluielilor)
defrayal,
defrayment;
(amortizare)
redemption
~ a unui impozit - tax refunding integrala 5a scadenta - (intr-o singurd
transd) bullet repayment ~ in avans advance repayment ~ neconforma cu
termenii contractual! - (a unui credit)
slow pay and unsatisfactory account
ramificare s.f. branching ~ limitata - (legi
care limiteazd mfiintarea
sucursalelor
bancare) (SUA) limited branching rampa
s.f. stage; ramp; platform ~ de acces approach ramp ~ de descarcare unloading ramp/stage; (de debarcare)
landing ramp/stage
~ de incarcare - loading ramp/stage
ramura s.f. branch ~ de afaceri - line of
branch ~ economica - economic branch ~
industriala - industrial branch, industry
randament s.n. output, outturn;
efficiency; return; (fin.) yield

286

~ al activelor - (raportui dintre

vdnzdrile unei societati si activele ei)
(fin.) asset turnover
~ al actiunilor - return on shares
~ al capitalului - return on capital,
efficiency of capital
~ al castigului de capital - capital
gains yield
~ al dividendelor (raportui dintre
dividendul actual si pretui actual al
unei actiuni) dividend yield
~ al investitiei - yield on investment
~ al pretului de cost - cost efficiency
~ al profitului - (raportui dintre
profitui net distribuibil si valoarea
totald a actiunilor comune la cursul
pietei) earnings yield
~ al unei obligatiuni - bond yield
~ al unui titlu de valoare - (pe
perioada cat a fost delimit) holding
period yield
~ anual - annual return; (al unui
plasamenf) annual yield
~ brut - (fin.} gross yield
~ bun - (fin.) fair yield
~ curent - (calciilat prin raportarea
dobdnzii anuale a unui titlu de valoare
la pretui sdu curent pe piatd) current
yield
~ de baza - (fin.) basic yield
~ economic - economic efficiency
~ efectiv - (fin.) effective yield
~ invariabil - (rata dobdnzii unui titlu
de valoare cu dobdndd fixa) flat yield
~ marginal al capitalului - marginal
efficiency of capital
~ marginal al investitiei - marginal
efficiency of investment
~ maxim - peak efficiency
~ mediu - (fin.) average yield
~ net - (fin.) net yield

RAN-RAP

~ nominal - rated output ~ pana la maturitate

- (rata dobdnzii obtinute la o obligatiune dacd
este pdstratd
pdnd
la
maturitate]
maturity/redemption yield, yield to maturity
~ pana la revocare - (rata dobdnzii obtinute la
o obligatiune dacd este retrasd inainte de
maturitate) yield to call
~ total anualizat - annualized total return
randamente de scara/dimensiune -(relatia
dintre cresterea volumului productiei si a
cantitdtii utilizate din factorii de productie
combinati) returns to scale
rang s.n. 1. rank, position, status 2. (pozitie in
clasamentui ipotecilor la inscrierea unei
ipoteci in registrul funciar) (order of) priority ~
ipotecar - mortgage priority raport s.n. 1.
(relatie) relation, connection 2. (proportie)
ratio 3. (dare de seamd) report, account,
statement ~ al bugetului de stat - national
accounts
~ al cenzorilor - auditors' report ~ al
consiliului de administratie -directors' report
~ al presedintelui - (despre activitatea anuald
a companiei) chairman's report ~ anual/final (privind activitatea unei societati) annual
report, final accounts
~ beneficiu - cost - (indicele de profilabilitate'}
benefit - cost ratio ~ bimetalic - (in situatia in
care exisld in circniatie monedd bimetalicu)
(fin) mint ratio

RAP-RAT

~ condensat/comprimat - condensed
report
~ confidential - confidential report
~ de activitate - work report
~ de afaceri - situation report
~ de audit - audit report
~ de audit cu rezerve/mentiuni qualified audit report
~ de avarie - (asig.) damage report
~ de avariere/deteriorare a
marfurilor - cargo damage report
~ de cheltuieli - statement of expenses
~ de conversie - {numdnil de actiuni
comune care poate fi obtinut prin

conversia unei actiuni preferentiale sail

a unei obligatiuni convertibile)

conversion ratio
~ de credit - credit report
~ de evaluare - appraisal report
~ de expertiza - survey report
~ de lichiditate (raport periodic al
unei band, prin care dovede^te
acoperirea pasivului de cdtre
disponibilitdtl) liquidity statement
~ de schimb - (raportui dintre indicele
pretului mediu de export ?i indicele
mediu de import, pe mtreaga activitate
de corner! exterior) terms of trade
~ de troc - swapping terms
~ despre clientii care au depa$it
scadentele - delinquent activity report
~ dintre cheltuielile si profitui de
exploatare - operating ratio
~ dintre depozite i credite - lending
ratio
~ financiar - (raportui anual al
consiliului de administratie) financial
statement
~ intocmit la sfaritul zilei - end-of-day report

287

raportui capital propriu - active fixe

- equity-to-fixed assets ratio
~ datorie - capital propriu - debt-equity ratio
" investitie - productie - capital-output ratio
~ valoare de piata - valoare contabila - (yaloarea de piata a actiunii
impdrtitd la valoarea contabild pe
actiune) market-to-book ratio
raporturi de afaceri - business
connections/intercourse/relationship
~ juridice - legal relationship
a trece in raport - to enter on the
record
-t n +
TTey
raportor s.m. rapporteurs--^''
rata s.f. 1. instalment^, rate; ratio
~ a absenteismului - {numdriil de
absent! la suta de muncitori intr-o zi de
nwncd; procentajul zilelor de muncd
pierdute din totalul zilelor lucrdtoare
pe o anumitd perioadd) absenteeism
rate
~ a cheltuielilor - (raportui dintre
cheltuieli i volumul vdnzdrilor/ profitului) (asig., corn.) expense ratio
~ a circulatiei marfurilor - (raportui
dintre vdnzdrile totale ale uneifirmepe
o perioadd determinatd de timp i
valoarea activelor fixe) (cont.) turnover
ratio
~ a cre^terii - growth rate; (fortei de
muncd, exprimatd ca procent al
niimdrului mediu de muncitori intr-o
perioadd determinatd de timp)
accession rate
~ a cupoaului - (rala specificatd a
dolxinzii unei obligatiuni) coupon rate
~ a dobanzii - interest rate, rate of
interest

288

~ a dobanzii de baza - prime

(lending) rate
~ a dobanzii efective - effective
(interest) rate
~ a dobanzii la creditele bancare bank lending rate
~ a dobanzii la cumparare pe piata
interbancara - interbank market bid
rate
~ a dobanzii la depozite - deposit
interest rate
~ a dobanzii la vanzare, oferita pe
piata interbancara interbank market
offered rate
~ a dobanzii obligatiunii - bond rate
~ a dobanzii pe piata de capital capital market interest rate
~ a dobanzii variabile - floating
interest rate
~ a economiilor (din venitid personal
disponibil) savings ratio
~ a frecventei accidentelor - (la un
milion de ore-muncd mtr-un an)
accident frequency rate
~ a investitiei - (efortid national de
investitie in raport de bogdtiile
produse) investment rate
~ a lichiditatii curente - (raportui
dintre pasivele curente ale unei afaceri
s:i activele sale curente) (fin.) current
ratio
~ a lichiditatii monetare - (raportui
dintre nivelul mediu anual al masei
monetare si voliimul tranzactiilor economice mijiocite de monedd) cash
liquidity rate
~ a managerilor - (la 1000 de
Siicrdtori) management ratio
~ a mortalitatii - death rate
~ a pierderilor ~ (raportui dintre
primele incasate si despdguhiiile

RAT-RAT

platite de o societate de asigurdri) loss

ratio
~ a plusvalorii - rate of surplus value
~ a profitului - rate of profit, profit
rate
~ a proprietatilor nemchiriate - (pe
piata imobiliard) vacancy rate
~ a puterii de catig - (care indicd
puterea activelor unei societdti de a
genera venit din exploatare) basic
earning power ratio
~ a rentabilitatii - (rata interim a
rentabilitdtii unei investitii) rate of
return
~ a substitutiei tehnice - (mdrirea
productiei prin fabricarea unui articol
in load altuid) rate of technical
substitution
~ a omajului - unemployment rate
~ a testului acid - (raportui active
lichide - pasive curente folosit pentrii
determinarea solvabilitdtii unei firme)
(fin.) acid test ratio, quick asset ratio
~ contabila a profitului - accounting
rate of return
~ de asigurare Tmpotriva riscurilor (bur., fin.) hedge ratio
~ de capital - (raportui dintre
capitaliil plus rezervele unei band si
activele sale totale) capital ratio
~ de capitalizare - (rata la care piata
bursierd capitalizeazd cdstigurile
curente ale unei societal! comerciale
pe actiuni) (bur.) capitalization rate
~ de concentrare - (care aratd
procentui in care un sector industrial
este dominat de cdteva mart societdti
sou mdsura conciirentei pe pietele
bancare) concentration ratio
~ de conversie - (mimariil de actiuni
coniune care poate fi ohtiniit prin

RAT-RAT

conversia unei actiuni preferentiale sail

a unei obligatiuni convertibile)
conversion rate
~ de crestere economica - economic
growth rate
~ de impozitare/impunere fiscala rate of taxation, tax rate
~ de tndatorare - (totalul datoriilor
impdrtit la totalul activelor unei
societati) (fin.) debt ratio
~ de lichiditate - (raportui dintre
rezerva monetard a unei band si
obligatiile totale fata de depozitele
clientilor) cash (-deposit) ratio
~ de navlu necartelat - {mar.)
nonconference rate
~ de participare - (relalie care pune
in evidentd, in pasivul bilantului unei
societati, parted capitaliirilor proprii si
cea a capitalurilor imprumutate)
(cont.) participation rate
~ de plata a dividendelor - (procentiil
din profit platit sub forma de
dividende) dividend payout ratio
~ de recuperare a investitiei in
capitalul uman - human capital rate of
return
~ de retentie - (partea profituliii
nerepartizat din totalul profitului
companiei) retention ratio
~ de rezerva - (raportui dintre rezer\'a
monetard a unei band si obligatiile
totale fata de depozitele clientilor)
(fin.) reserve ratio
~ de schimb - exchange rate, rate of
exchange; (intr-o fuziune, numdrul de
actiuni pe care societatea achizitoare
trebuie sd Ie dea pentru fiecare actiune
a firmei-tintd) exchange ratio

289

~ de scont - (procent retinut de banca

care sconteazd efectele de comert)
discount rate
~ dividend - pret - (de piatd al unei
actiuni) dividend - price ratio
~ efectiva a dobanzii - effective rate
of interest
~ fara rise - (rentabilitatea unei
investitii lipsite de rise) (fin.) risk-free
rate
~ fixa de schimb - fixed exchange rate
~ flexibila de schimb - floating
exchange rate
~ interna a rentabilitatii - (rentabilitatea unei investitii exprimatd ca
profit anual procentual raportat la
investitia initiala) internal rate of return
~ istorica a rentabilitatii - (fin.)
historical rate of return
~ legala a dobanzii - legal interest rate
~ lombarda - (rata dobanzii pe care
banca centrald o acordd bdndlor
comerciale pe baza amanetdrii de
titluri de valoare) lombard rate
~ medie a dobanzii - average interest
rate
~ minima a dobanzii - (pentru
creditele acordate de banca centrald)
minimum lending rate; (care poate fi
perceputd pentru un credit) rate floor
~ naturala a somajului - natural
unemployment rate
~ neoficiala/paralela de schimb parallel rate of exchange
~ neoficiala de scont - private rate of
discount
~ nominala a dobanzii - nominal
interest rate
~ -pivot - (paritatea unei monede
legate de Sistemul Monetar European,
in raport cu ECU) central rate

290

~ procentuala anuala - annual

percentage rate
~ procentuala anualizata - annualized
percentage rate
~ reala a dobanzii - real rate of
interest
ratifica v.t. to ratify; to approve, to
confirm
rating s.n. (formularea unei calificdri
pe mdsura posibilului rise de
nerambursare partiald sau totald
asumat de investitorul care a realizat
plasamente in titluri financiare) (fin.)
rating
~ de tara - country rating
ratie s.f. ration, allowance
~ redusa - short ration/allowance
~ zilnica - daily ration/allowance
rationaliza v.t. to rationalize, to
allowance
rascoala s.f. (revoltd) riot
rascoale i razboaie civile - {asig.
mar.) riots and civil commotions
rascumpara v.t. to redeem; (a cumpdra ceva vdndut) to buy back, to
repurchase; (la licitatie) to buy in; (o
politd de asigurare) to surrender
rascumparare s.f. redemption;
buyback, repurchase; (a unei polite de
asigurare) surrender
~ a ipotecii - redemption of mortgage
~ de actiuni - (de cdtre o societate
care le-a vdndut anterior) share

repurchase/buyback
~ de creante - (de cdtre debitor) debt
buyback
~ de obligatiuni - bond redemption
raspundere s.f responsibility; liability
~ conditionata/secundara - (asig.)
secondary liability
~ individuala - (dr.) several liability

RAT-REA

~ integrals - total liability

~ limitata - (la o siimd fixd stabilitd)
limited/restricted liability
~ nelimitata - (la capitalul investit)
unlimited liability
~ pentru calitatea produsului (prevdzutd de legislatia pentru
prbtectia consumatorului) product
liability
~ principala - primary liability
~ solidara i individuala - (dr.) joint
and several liability
~ unica - (in caz de coliziune) (asig.
mar.) single liability
raspunderi reciproce - (ale
armatorilor in caz de coliziune) cross
liabilities
raspunzator adj. (pentru) responsible
(for), answerable/accountable (for);
liable (for)
rau adj. bad
~ platnic - bad payer
razbois.n. war
~ al preturilor - price war
~ comercial - trade war
~ economic - economic war
~ tarifar/vamal - tariff/rate war
reactie s.f. reaction
~ de cedare/plecare - (cauzatd de
stresul la locul de muncd si manifestatd
prin lipsd de interes, solicitare de
concedii etc.) (man.) flight reaction
~ de rezistenta/lupta - (cauzatd de
stresul la locul de muncd si manifestatd
prin combativitate, contraargumente
etc.) {man.) fight reaction
real adj. real; actual, effective
~ $i valabil - (despre cecuri) genuine
and valid

REA-REC

realiza v.t. to achieve, to carry

out/through; (un profit) to realize; (o
obligatie, tin contract) to fulfil
~ beneficii normale - to make fair
profits
~ un beneficiu dintr-o tranzactie - to
cash in on a deal
~ un beneficiu net de - to clear
realizabil adj. feasible, possible;
(despre un plan) workable realizare s.f. 1.
carrying out/through;
(a unui profit, a unui plan etc.) realization;
(a unei obligatii, a unui contract) fulfilment
2. (lucru realizat) achievement
reambala v.t. to repack reangaja v.t.
(personal) to restaff reaproviziona v.t. to
replenish; {un magazin) to restock
reasigura v.t. to reinsure reasigurare s.f.
reinsurance ~ facultativa - facultative
reinsurance reasigurator.s\w. reinsurer
rebut s.n. (factory) reject, spoilage, waste
(product), scrap; (despre mdrfuri)
rubbish goods rebuta v.t. to reject, to scrap,
to throw away
recalificare s.f. (profesionala)
retraining
~ profesionala - job retraining, vocational
rehabilitation/retraining recapitaliza v.t. to
recapitalize recensamant^.n. census ~ al
populatiei - population census recenzor
s.m. census taker receptie s.f. 1. (a
mdrfurilor) taking ^over/delivery (of
goods) 2. (de cdtre un inspector)
acceptance 3. (la hotel) reception desk

291

receptiona v.t. (marfa) to take

delivery, to check and sign for
receptionare s.f. reception
~ a marfii - cargo reception, taking
over/delivery of goods
receptioner s.m. 1. receiver (of goods)
2. (la hotel) reception (desk) clerk
~ de comenzi - order clerk
recesiune s.f. recession
~ economics - economic recession
rechizitiona v.t. to requisition
recicia v.t. to recycle
recipisa s.f. receipt, voucher
~ de antrepozitare - dock warrant,
warehouse receipt
~ de bagaje - baggage check
~ de depozitare pe chei - wharfinger's
receipt/warrant
~ de depunere - (de titluri la o bancd
depozitard) deposit receipt
~ de expeditie/transport - delivery
receipt
~ de livrare - delivery receipt
~ de livrare neta - clean receipt
~ de primire a marfii - receipt for
goods
~ postala - postal/post-office receipt
~ vamala - customs warrant
~ - warant - (deposit) warrant,
warehouse warrant
reciproc adj. reciprocal, mutual
reclama v. t. 1. (a face o cerere/petitie
pentru; a solicita) to lay claim to, to
put in a claim for; (a cere, a solicita, a
pretinde) to claim; (plata unei taxe
etc.) to exact 2. (a necesita) to require,
to necessitate 3. (pe cinevd) to

denounce; (mjudecatd) to sue at law

reclamant s.m. claimant, claim er; (dr.)
plaintiff, petitioner

292

reclamatie s.f. 1. complaint, objection,

protest; request; (dr.) claim 2.
(impotriva cuivd) denunciation

~ justificata -justified complaint

~ pentru daune-interese - claim for
damages
~ ulterioara - subsequent claim
reclama s.f. 1. (]niblicitate)
advertising, publicity; (anunt publicitar) advertisement, commercial 2.
(firmd) sign
~ atragatoare/captivanta - catchy
advertisement
~ iluminata - illuminated sign
- infbrmativa - informative
advertising
~ ingenioasa - publicity stunt
~ pe doua pagini de ziar - double-page spread
~ pe exteriorul mijioacelor de
transport - travelling display
~ pe pancarte - (care se prind in fata
si in spatele omului care Ie poartd)

sandwich board
~ pe prima pagina - (a unui ziar)
front-page advertisement
~ pentru promovarea unui produs promotion
~ primara - (fard specificarea mdrcii)
primary advertising
~ prin posta - direct mail
subliminala - subliminal
advertisement ~ zgomotoasa - boom
recolta v.t. to harvest, to crop, to gather/to
get in
recolta s.f. harvest, crop(s); (la hectar)
yield ~ bogata - rich/heavy/bumper crop

REC-REC

~ de subzistenta - (care nil este

destinata comercializdrii) subsistence

crop
~ destinata vanzarii - (, si nu
consumului personal) cash crop
~- nesecerata/in lan - standing crop.
crop on the root, on-the-root
harvest/yield
~ proasta - failure of the crop
recomandare s.f. recommendation;
testimonial, character, comfort
rccompensa v.t. to recompense, to
reward, to requite
recompensa s.f. reward, recompense,
requital
reconditiona v.t. to recondition, to
renew
reconversie s.f. (adaptarea uaor
indnstrn sau a unor sectoare industriale la necesitdti noi; recalificarea
fortei de miincd) reconversion
record s.n. record; (de productie) peak
output
recruta v. /\ (personal) to recruit
recrutare s.f. (de personal) recruitment
~ de absolventi - (politico de
recrutare a fortei de munca) (man.)
graduate recruitment
~ de personal - staff recruitment
rectifica v.t. (bugetui etc.) to rectify; (a
corecta) to correct, to set right, to
righten; (un cont) to adjust, to amend
recunoastere s.f. acknowledgement
~ a datoriei (confirmare in scris de
cdtre un debitor a sumei pe care o
datoreaza) acknowledgement of debt,
borrower's note
recupera v.t. to recover; to retrieve; to
regain; (a rascumpara) to redeem
~ daunele - to recover the damages
~ o datorie - to recover a debt

REC-RED

recuperabil adj. recoverable;

retrievable; redeemable
recuperare s.f. recovery; retrieve,
retrieval; regain; {rdscumpdrare)
redemption
~ a bunurilor tinute sub sechestru {dr.) replevin
~ a cheltuiclilor - recovery of
expenses
~ a datoriilor - debt recover)
~ a datoriiior prescrise - bad debt
recovery
~ a daunelor - recovery of damages
~ a de$eurilor - waste recovery
recurs s.n. 1. {dr.) appeal 2. {regres,
sitiiatie apdrutd in caziil cle protest al
cambiilor, cund detindtorul unui efect
de comert se adreseazd tuturor persoanelor solidar respo/isabile clacd
trasul nu-ji respectd obligatiile)
recourse
~ in anulare - {dr.) action for
cancellation
~ in revizuire - {dr.) petition for
review
redacts v.t. to draw up. to draft, to
word, to work out; {un contract) to
make out
redactor s.m. {de carte sau la un ziar)
editor; {de reclame, anuntwi)
copywriter
~ economic - {al unui ziar) city editor
~ responsabil cu reportajele locale {SUA) city editor
~ -sef/responsabil - (de ziar) editor-in-chief, chietymanaging editor
redactie s.f. 1. {coleciiv de redacfie)
editorial staff; {sediu) editorial office 2.
(redactare) editorship
redactional adj. editorial

293

redeventa s.f. {suma de bani pidtitd

periodic de cdtre persoane care au lual
in concesiune mine, terenuri etc. sau au
contractat licente prin know-how)
royalty
redhibitoriu adj. redhibitory
redhibitiune s.f. {anulare a unei
vdnzdri cdnd obiectui vdndut are un
viciii) (dr.) redhibition
redistribui v.t. to redistribute
redistribuire s.f. redistribution
~ a veniturilor - income redistribution
redobandi v.t. to regain, to recover, to
get back
redresa v.r. {economic) to recover;
{f'manciar) to recuperate, to turn oneself
about redresare s.f. recovery ~ a
afacerilor - business recovery ~ a pietei recovery of the market ~ comerciala trade recovery ~ economics - economic
recovery reduce v.t. to reduce; (a micora)
to decrease, to diminish, to lessen; {cheltiiieli') to curtail, to cut down, to retrench;
{preturi) to lower, to send down, to scale
down, to knock down/ off; {taxe, impOzite
etc.) to abate;
{activitatea unei intreprinderi ca md-surd
premergdtoare mchiderii ei) to run down
v.r. to decrease, to diminish, to lessen;
{despre valoarea actiunilor) {bur.) to ease
off/up ~ drastic - {cheltuieli, bugete) to
ax(e);
(prefuri) to slash
~ putin - (prefuri) to shade
reducere s.f. reduction; {micsorare)
decrease, diminution, lessening; {de
cheltuieli) curtailment, cutting down,
retrenchment; {de preturi) cut,
lowering, reduction; {de taxe, impozite)

294

abatement, relief, allowance; (rabat comercial)

discount, rebate, drawback;
(a activitdtii unei intreprinderi ca
mdsurd premergdtoare inchiderii ei)
running down
~ a gamei de produse - {fabricate sail
comer cializate) variety reduction
~ a impozitelor - tax reduction/relief
~ a impozitelor pentru veniturile
mici - small income relief
~ a impozitului pe profitui obtinut la
export - export-tax relief
~ a masei monetare - contraction of
money supply
~ a navlului - rebate of freight
~ a preturilor - price reduction/cut,
reduction in/of the prices
~ a tarei - tare allowance
~ a zilei de munca - shorter hours
~ de capital - (diminuarea capitalului
in actiuni al unei societal!) capital
reduction; (sub nivelul statutar sau sub
eel prevdzut de autoritdti} capital
impairment
~ de personal - staff reduction
~ drastica - (de cheltideli, bugete)
ax(e); (de preturi) slash
~ fiscala pentru amortizare depreciation allowance
~ generala - (a preturilor, a salariilor
etc. impusd de guvern) rollback
~ liniara/orizontala a taxelor vamale
- (reducerea cu acelasi procent a
tuturor taxelor vamale ale tdrilor
participante la o rundd de negocieri
comerciale) linear/horizontal reduction
of tariffs, across-the-board tariff
reduction
~ mica/nesemnificativa a preturilor price shading

RED-REE

~ pentru plata in numerar - discount

for cash
~ prin amortizare - (a impozitelor)
(cont) writing-down allowance
reduceri ale impozitului pe venit income tax allowances
~ compensatorii ale taxelor vamale compensatory tariff reductions
~ contractuale de pret pentru parcul
de autovehicule - (dacd acestea sunt
cumpdrate de la o singurd firma) fleet
terms
~ cumulate - (acordate de angrosist
detailistidui in anumite conditii) (corn,)
deferred rebates
fiscale pentru investitii -(inlocuirea
mijioacelor fixe uzate) investment allowance
~ fiscale pentru varsta - age relief/allowance
~ salariale - wage cuts ~ uzuale de navlu {mar.) full terms redus adj. reduced; (despre
preturi, tarife) low; (despre venituri, beneficii)
poor; (insufficient) scanty reedita v.t. to
reissue, to republish; (a retipdri) to reprint
reescont^.n. rediscount reesconta v. t. to
rediscount reesalona v.t. to reschedule
reesalonare s.f. rescheduling ~ a datoriei debt rescheduling reevalua v.t. to revalue, to
reappraise, to reassess
reevaluare s.f. revaluation, reappraisal,
reassessment
~ a activelor - revaluation of assets reexport
s.n. reexport; entrepot trade reexporta v.t. to
reexport reexportator^.m. reexporter

REF-REG

reface v.t. to remake; to restore; (un

stoc de marfuri) to restock
referinta s.f. reference; (despre cineva)
character
~ a bancii - bank/banker's reference
referinte comerciale - trade references
refinanta v.t. to refinance
reflatie s.f. (fin.) reflation
reforma v.t. to reform; {a imbundtdti)
to improve; (a innoi) to renew
reforma s.f. reform
~ a taxelor vamale - tariff reform
~ agrara - agrarian/land reform
~ economica - economic reform
~ fiscala - tax reform
~ monetara - monetary/currency
reform
refuz s.n. refusal; (de a mdeplini o
obligatie contractuald etc.) repudiation
~ nejustificat de onorare - (a unui
cec, a unei cambii) wrongful dishonour
refuza v.t. to refuse; (a respinge) to
reject; (o ofertd) to turn down, to
decline; (indeplinirea unei obligatii
contractuale, plata unei datorii etc.) to
repudiate
regie s.f. administration; control
~ autonoma - public corporation
regim s.n. 1. (social, politic, vamal
etc.) regime, system; (forma de guverndmdnt) government 2. {regulament) regulation 3. {de operare al unui
utilaj, al unei masini) (normal)
run/running
~ al schimbului valutar - foreign
exchange regulations
~ de administrare judiciara - (institut
cand o firmd nu-si mai poate mdeplini

obligatiile financiare) receivership

~ de lucru/operare - (al unui utilaj, al
unei masini) (normal) run/running

295

~ de proprietate particulars - private

ownership
~ tarifar - tariff system
~ vamal - customs regime
registratura s.f. registry, register/
registration/record office
registru s.n. 1. register, record, book;
{contabil) (account) book 2. (societate
de clasificare) (mar.) classification
society, registry of shipping, ship's
register
~ al actionarilor - register of
members, shareholders' register
~ al arendasilor sau al veniturilor din
arenzi - rent-roll, rental
~ contabil - (account) book
~ cu copii de acte/documente copybook
~ de achizitii - purchases book/journal
~ de afaceri/tranzactii - bargain book
~ de cadastru - property register
~ de cambii - bill book
~ de casa - cash book/journal, cash
paid/received book
~ de casa cu coloane - columnar cash
book
~ de cecuri - check register
~ de cheltuieli marunte - (ale unei
firme) petty cash book
~ de comenzi - order book
~ de comert - register of companies,
trade register
~ de evidenta a francarii - postage
book
~ de evidenta a marfurilor mcarcate
- cargo book
~ de inventar - inventory book
~ de livrare - delivery book
~ de magazie - (marfuri in depozit)
stock book

296

~ de marfa - (luatd pe credit) passbook

~ de marfuri returnate/refuzate -(cont.)
sales returns book, returns inwards book
~ de partizi - (cont.) ledger ~ de proceseverbale - minute book ~ de reclamatii claims/complaint book
~ de sarcini si ipoteci - register of
mortgages
~ de semnaturi autorizate - signature
book
~ de solduri - balance book ~ de transfer
- (al actiunilor) transfer register
~ de vanzari - sales book ~ de venituri si
cheltuieli - books of receipts and
expenditures ~ diverse - (cont.) sundries
ledger ~ naval/maritim - classification
society,
registry
of
shipping,
maritime/ship's register ~ portuar de
evidenta a marfurilor incarcate - port
shipping register ~ tabular - tabular book
~ temporar - (de tranzactii) waste book
regiune s.f. region; area, zone, district ~
aurifera - gold field ~ centrala - inland ~
industrial^ - industrial area ~ inundabila
- flood land ~ impadurita - forestry ~
viticola - wine district reglementa v.t. to
regulate,
to regularize, to bring under
regulation, to control; to settle
reglementar adj. regular; statutory
reglementare s.f. regulation, control;
settlement

REG-REG

~ a chiriilor - rent control

~ a diferendului/litigiului - settlement
of dispute
~ a monopolurilor - regulation of
monopoly
~ a pietei - regulation of the market
~ a preturilor - price regulation
~ a schimbului valutar - exchange
control
regres s. n. (situatie apdrntd in cazul de
protest al cambiilor, cdnd detindtomi
unui efect de comert se adreseazd
tuturor persoanelor solidar responsabile dacd trasul nu-si respectd
obligatiile) recourse
regulament s.n. regulations, statute
~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.)
general average adjustment/statement
~ de ordine interioara - internal
regulations
~ de serviciu - service regulations
~ intern de function are - (a I unei
intreprinderi) service instructions
~ portuar - port/harbour regulations
~ strict - severe/strict regulations
~ vamal - customs regulations
regulamente tehnice - (care
stipuleazd caracteristicile produselor
sau a proceselor de fabricatie, regulile
de ambalare si etichetare, prevederile
administrative ce trebuie aplicate,
terminologia si abrevierile standard
etc.) technical regulations
regula s.f. rule
~ aritmetica pentru calcularea tarei
- tare and tret
reguli de calculare a tarei - taring
regulations
~ de calculare a tonajului - (mar.)
tonnage regulations

REI-REM

reimpune v.t. (a reimpozita) to reassess

reimpunere
s.f.
(reimpozitare)
reassessment
reintegra v.t. (a repune in drepturi, a
reintegrd) to reinstate; (intr-o functie
anterioara) to restore smb. (to his
position/post/office)
reintegrare s.f. (repunere in drepturi,
reintegrare) reinstatement; (intr-o functie
anterioara) restoration reintrare s.f. (in
posesie/drepturi) reentry
~ in posesie (prin bund intelegere) (dr.)
recaption
~ in vigoare - (a unei legi) revival reinvesti
v.t. to reinvest ~ profitui - to plough back
reipotecare s.f. second mortgage remnoi
v.t. (un contract, un abonament etc.) to
renew
retnscrie v.t. (un articol intr-un cont)
(cont.) to reenter
relansare s.f. revival, recovery ~
economica - economic recovery ~
economica bazata pe cerere -recovery
based on demand side ~ economica bazata
pe oferta -recovery based on supply side
relata v.t. to state, to report; (stiri,
evenimente; despre ziaristi) to cover relatie
s.f. 1. relation; relationship;
(legdtura) connection; {contact)
contact 2. pi. relations, intercourse,
dealings; (cunostinte) acquaintance
~ directa/personala - direct contact
relatii comerciale - trade relations,
commercial intercourse
~ contractuale directe - privity of
contract
~ cu clientii - customer relations

297

~ cu investitorii - investor relations

~ cu publicul/publice - public
relations
~ cu salariatii - employee relations
~ de afaceri - business relations
~ de munca - (mtre patronat si salariati sail sindicate) labour/ industrial
relations
~ de productie - relations of
production, productive relations
~ diplomatice - diplomatic relations
~ economice - economic relations
economice
Internationale
international economic relations ~ juridice
- privity
monetare
internationale
international monetary relations relua v.t.
to resume; to renew ~ lucrul - to resume
work remite v.t. to deliver, to consign, to
send, to hand over; (prin mandat postal) to
remit; (documente) to surrender
remitere s.f. delivery, consignment,
sending, handing over; (prin mandat
postal) remittance; (de documente)
surrender
~ bancara - bank remittance remiza s.f. 1.
(rabat, reducere) rebate, reduction,
allowance 2. (comision) (bur., corn.) half
commission remizier s.m. (bur., corn.)
half--commission man
remorca v.t. (ambarcatiuni) to haul, to
tug, to tow; (masini) to trail, to tow;
(c./) to draw, to pull
remorcaj s.n. (de ambarcatiuni)
haulage, hauling, towage, towing,
tuggage; (de masini) trailing, towage,
towing; (c.f.) drawing, pulling
~ costier - coastal towage

298

~ de avarie - emergency towage

~ fluvial - river towage
~ maritim - sea towage
~- oceanic ocean towage
~ prin impingere - push-towing
remorca s.f. (mar.') tow, vessel towed;
(vehicul) trailer
~ basculanta - waggon
~ -cisterna - tank-trailer
~ de autocamion - truck trailer
~ pentru buteni lungi - timber
carriage
remorcher s.n. (mar.) tug, tugboat,
towboat
~ costier - coastal tug
~ de andocare - dock-working tug
~ de canal - canal service tug
~ de halaj - warping tug
~ de impingere i tractiune - push-and-tow tug
~ de manevre portuare - dock/
harbour tug
~ de salvare - salvage/rescue tug
~ fluvial - river tug
~ -Tmpingator - push tug, pusher
~ maritim - sea(going) tug, deep-sea
tug
~ oceanic - ocean (-going) tug
remunera v. t. to remunerate
remunerativ adj. 1. remunerative,
remuneratory 2. (rentabil) profitable,
gainful, rewarding
remuneratie s.f. remuneration, pay,
emolument, consideration
renavlosi v.t. (mar.) to recharter
renegocia v.t. to renegotiate
renta v.;. to bring profit, to be
profitable/remunerative/lucrative
rentabil adj. profitable, gainful,
remunerative, paying, moneymaking,
rewarding, lucrative

REM-REN

rentabilitate s.f. profitableness.

gainfulness; return; yield; earning
power
~ a activelor - (raportui dintre profitui
net si activul total) return on assets
~ a actiunilor - (calculate ca raportui
dintre dividendele platite de firmd si
pretui de piatd al actiunilor firmei)
stock yield
~ a capitalurilor proprii - (profitui
disponibil pentru actionari impdrtit la
capitalurile proprii) return on
(common) equity
~ a investitiei - return on investment
a atinge pragul de ~ - to break even
renta s.f. rent; (anuald) annuity;
unearned income
~ anuala datorata - annuity due ~ de abilitate
- (yenituri suplimentare pe care un individ Ie
poate obfine ca urmare a aptitudinilor sale
speciale) ability rent
~ de monopol - (forma a rentei inca-satd de
intreprinzdtorii care dispun de factor! de
productie rari, nesubsti-tuibili, inaccesibili
altord) monopoly rent
~ de raritate - (renta. obtinutd in situatiile
care provoacd un deficit de ofertd - monopolul
natural sau artificial, reglementdri vamale si
tarifare etc.) scarcity rent
~ diferentiala - {renta funciard suplimentard
obtinutd pentru un teren mat fertil, mai bine
amplasat etc.) situation rent
~ funciara - land/ground rent ~ m natura
- rent in kind ~ nominala - peppercorn
rent ~ viagera - life annuity

REN-REP

rentier s.m. rentier, fund holder;

(beneficiar al unei rente anuale)
annuitant
renunta v.i. (la) to renounce; (la un
drepf) to disclaim, to waive, to sign off;
(a ceda, a cesiond) to surrender; (la o
actiune judiciara) to abandon ~ la un
drept - to waive a right renuntare s.f.
renunciation; (la un drepf) disclaimer,
waiver, remission;
(cedare, cesionare) surrender; (la o
actiune judiciara) abandonment
~ la dreptui de a protesta o cambie waiver of demand, notice and protest
~ la o actiune judiciara abandonment of action
~ la o cerere/pretentie - waiver of
claim
~ la prime - (de asigurare) waiver of
premium
~ tacita - implied waiver
reorganiza v. t. to reorganize
repara v.t. 1. to repair, to mend;
(masini, aparate) to overhaul 2. (a
rectified) to rectify; (a compensa) to
make up for
reparatie s.f. 1. repair; (generald,
revizie) overhaul 2. (despdgiibire)
compensation, indemnification; legal
remedy
~ capitala/generala - (general)
overhaul, turnover job
~ curenta/de intretinere - running
repair/service, operating repair
~ preventiva - preventive repair
~ provizorie - temporary repair
repartiza v.t. 1. to distribute, to divide,
to share out; to allocate, to allot; to
assign; (proportional) to apportion 2.
(un rise) (asig., fin.) to spread 3.

299

(incdrcdtura sau balastui) (mar.) to

trim
repartizare s.f. 1. distribution,
division, sharing out; allocation,
allotment; assignment; (de fonduri)
appropriation;
(proportionals)
apportionment 2. (a unui rise) (asig.,
fin.) spread 3. (a mcdrcdturii sau a
balastului) (mar.) trim, trimming
~ a avariei - (asig. mar.) average
adjustment
~ a cheltuielilor - distribution of
expenses
~ a flotei pe linii de navigatie shipping pattern
~ a greutatii - weight distribution
~ a profitului - allotment of profit
~ a responsabilitatilor - (man.)
allocation of responsibilities
~ a resurselor - resource allocation
~ a valorii de asigurare apportionment of valuation
~ a riscurilor - (rdspdndirea plasamentelor sau a creditelor cu scopul de
a se obtine cea mai bund garantie
contra riscurilor de capital sau de
venit) (fin.) risk spread
~ detaliata a fondurilor - itemized
appropriation of funds
- funciara - allotment of property
~ judiciara a debitelor unui falit adjudication of bankrupt's debts
repatria v.t. (projitui, capitalurile
investite) to repatriate
report s.n. 1. (cont.) (trecerea unei
sume - total, partial - din josul unei
coloane in fruntea coloanei urmdtoare
a unui registru) carry-forward/-over;
(sumd reportata) amount brought/ carried
forward 2. (la bursa de valori, amuharea
achitarii iinei dator':i. Friii

300

plata unei dobdnzi, pdnd la nrmd-toarea

lichidare; la bursa de mdrfuri, diferenta
dintre pretui spot si pretui forward sau
futures) contango;
continuation account
~ al articolelor in cartca mare (cont.) posting
reporta v.t. 1. (cor;/.) to carry
forward/over; {in cartea mare) to post
2. (bur.) to continue
reportaj s.n. coverage; (lilerar)
reportage
reporter s.m. reporter; correspondent;
(care ia interviuri) interviewer; (care
adreseazd intrebdri) questioner
represalii s.f. pi. (economice, vamale
etc.) reprisals, retaliation; retaliaiory
measures, measures of retaliation
a aplica - impotriva - to retaliate on
represiv adj. (de represalii) retaliatory
reprezenta v.t. (pe cinevd) to
represent, to act for, to stand for
reprezentant.y.w. representative agent
~ al fabricii furnizoare - serviceman
~ autorizat - authorized/appointed
agent
~ comercial - sales agent/
representative, trade representative,
salesman, business/commercial agent
~ diplomatic - resident minister
~ exclusiv/unic - (al unei companii
intr-o anumitd zona) sole/exclusive
agent
~ general - general agent
~ imputernicit legal - duly authorized
representative
reprezentanta
s.f.
agency,
representation, representative office
~ comerciala - trade agency/
representation
~ exclusiva - sole agency

REP-RES

reprczentare s.f. representation

~ sindicala/a salariatilor - employee
representation
reproductie s.f. (reluarea continud a
procesuli.ii de productie la scam
economiei r,auonale\ reproduction
~ largita - enlarged reproduction
- simpia - simple reproduction
repune v.t. (in drepturi'} to reinstate, to
restore; (//; activitate) to refloat
~ in activitate o companie - to refloat
a company
repunere s.f. restoring, restoration
~ in activitate - (a unei firme)
refloating
m
drepturi - reinstatement,
restoration
~ in poscsie - reentry ~ in vigoare - (a unei
legi) revival reputatie s.f. reputation ~
buna - good reputation ~ de solvabilitate
creditworthiness ~ rea - bad reputation
respecta v.t. (leged) to abide by, to
observe; (o clauza) to comply with, to keep
to, to observe; (o obligatie, un angajamenf)
to honour ~ conditiile contractuale - to
comply with/to keep to contract terms a
nu-i ~ obligatiile - to fail to meet one's
obligations respinge v.t. to repel, to
repulse;
(pretentii, cereri) to disallow; (o propunere, o oferta) to reject, to decline, to
turn down; (un apel) to dismiss; (p
obiectie, o propunere) to overrule; (o
motiune) to vote down responsabil adj.
(pentru) liable/
responsible/answerable/accountable (for)
s.m. executive, official; manager ~ de zona
- (de .anzdri) area manager

RES-RES

~ ierarhic - line man

~ in mod solidar - (dr.) jointly and
severally liable
~ sindical - trade-union leader/
organizer
responsabilitate s.f. responsibility,
accountability; liability
~ fiduciara (a adminisirdrii unui
fond depensii) fiduciary responsibility
~ functionala - (a specialistilor
dintr-o mtrepriiidere) functional
responsibility
~ limitata - limited liability
~ sociala - (a firmelor pentru
echilibrul social} social responsibility
rest s.n. 1. rest, remainder 2. (in bani)
change

restant adj. remaining, owing,

outstanding, back; (deposit ca termen)
overdue
restanta s.f. backlog; (salariala) back
pay; (arierate) arrears
restante salariale - arrears of wages
restitui v.t. to give/to hand back; (de
bunuri, proprietati) to restore; (bani) to
return, to refund
restituire s.f. restitution; (de bunuri,
proprietati) restoration; (de bani)
return, refund, refunding
~ a bunurilor sechestrate - (dr.)
replevin
~ a impozitului - tax refund
~ a primei de asigurare - return of
premium
~ a taxelor vamale - customs
drawback
restrange v.t. to restrict, to limit; (a
reduce) to reduce; (a micsora) to
diminish; (a ingrddi) to restrain;
(cheltuieli, afaceri etc.) to contract;
(creditele) to tighten

301

restrangere s.f. restriction, limitation,

stringency; reduction, diminution;
(mgrddire, limitare) restraining; (a
cheltuielilor,
a
afacerilor
etc.)
contraction; (a creditelor) tightening;
(a unei afaceri prin vdnzarea sail
inchirierea unor active) divestment ~ a
afacerilor - business contraction ~ a
creditului/posibilitatilor de creditare stringency/tightening of credit
~ a dividendelor - dividend limitation/
restraint ~ a pietelor - decline of the
markets
a
schimburilor exchange
restriction restrans
adj.
restricted,
limited;
(despre piata financiara) stringent
restrictiv adj. restrictive, limiting;
(despre o clauzd) saving
restrictie s.f. restriction, limitation,
qualification; (mgrddire, restrangere)
restraint, constraint
~ legala - legal constraint
restrictii bugetare severe - ax(e)
~ calitative - qualitative restrictions
~ cantitative - quantitative restrictions
~ comerciale - trade restrictions,
restraint of trade
~ de contingentare - quota restrictions
~ discriminatorii - discriminating/
discriminatory restrictions
~ la export - export restrictions
~ la import - import restrictions
~ salariale - wage restraints
~ valutare - exchange restrictions

restructura v.t. to restructure, to

reorganize
resursa s.f. resource; pi. resources,
means, ability

302

resurse de materii prime - primary

resources
~ economice - economic resources
~ financiare - resources, funds
~ hidroenergetice - water-power
resources
~ naturale - natural resources
~ umane - human resources
resedinta s.f. residence, abode,
domicile; dwelling place
retentie s.f. lien; (sechestru) distress,
distraint
retrage v.t. (depuneri, mdrfuri etc.) to
withdraw; (o suma din fonduri,
economii) to draw; (bani din circulate}
to retire; {monede din circulatie pentru
mtdrirea bancnotelor) to immobilize
v.r. 1. (a se pensiona) to retire 2. (din
afaceri, activitate) to retire, to draw
back, to give up
retragere s.f. 1. (de depuneri, de
mdrfuri etc.) withdrawal; (o suma din
fonduri, economii) drawing, draw;
(bani din circulatie) retirement; (de
monede din circulatie pentru mtdrirea
bancnotelor) immobilization 2. (din
activitate, afaceri) retirement
~ a actiunii - (injustitie) nonsuit
~ de numerar - cash withdrawal
~ masiva a depunerilor bancare - run
on banks
~ temporara a unei licente suspension of a licence
retribui v.t. to remunerate, to pay
retributie s.f. remuneration, pay
~ in functie de performante performance-related pay
retroactiv adj. retroactive
a avea efect- - (despre legi) to retroact
retroceda v. (. to reconvey, to recede, to
retrocede

RES-REU

retrograda v.t. (un salariat din cauza

rezultatelor nesatisfdcdtoare sau a
comportamentului) to demote

retrogradare s.f. demotion

returna v.t. to send back
returnabil adj. returnable
retea s.f. (comerciald, de drumuri etc.)
network; (feroviard, rutierd, electricd
etc.) system; chain
~ comerciala - trading network
~ de alimentare cu apa - supply
system/network
~ de calculatoare - computer network
~ de conducte - pipe system
~ de magazine - chain store
~ de sucursale - branch network
~ de sosele/drumuri - highway system
~ feroviara - railway system/network;
(SUA) railroad system
~ rutiera - road network
retine v.t. 1. to withhold, to deduct; (o
suma) to keep back; (salariul etc.) to
retain, to hold back, to withhold;
(cotizatii sindicale din salariu) to
check off 2. (locuri, bilete) to book; (o
camera) to engage, to bespeak
retinere s.f. withholding, deduction,
retention
~ de salariu - (in cazul nerambursdrii
unui credit) wage assignment

~ din salariu - (a cotizatiilor

sindicale) checkoff; (pentru plata
impozitelor, a asigurdrilor sociale etc.)
deductions from pay; (conform legislatiei in vigoare) statutory deduction
reuniune s.f. reunion; (adunare)
assembly, meeting
reusi v.;'. (in) to succeed (in), to be
successful (in)
~ in afaceri - to be successful in
business

n r\'y

REU-REZ

~ mtr-o tranzactie/afacere - to get the

best of a bargain/deal
a nu ~ in - to fail in
reutila v.t. to retool, to re-equip
revaloriza v.t. (moneda nationals in
raport cu etalonul de referinta) to
revalorize
revanzare s.f. resale
revendica v.t. to claim, to demand, to
request; (drepturi) to assert
revendicare s.f. claim, demand,
request; (de drepturi) assertion
revendicari salariale - wage claims
revinde v.t. to resell, to sell again
revista s.f. magazine, periodical;
journal; (lunard) monthly; (bilunara)
fortnightly; (sdptdmdnala) weekly;
(mai ales de literaturd, stiintd etc.)
review
~ a presei - press review
~ de anunturi/reclame - advertiser
~ de specialitate - specialized review
~ economics - trade journal
~ interna - (a unei firme) house
magazine
revizie s.f. 1. revision, examination;
control;
(tehnica)
inspection,
overhaul(ing) 2. (contabila) audit
~ contabila - audit
~ generala - (general) overhaul
~ tehnica - technical inspection/'
revision, maintenance inspection
reviior s.m. inspector; controller
~ contabil - auditor
revizui v.t. 1. to control, to inspect;
(tehnic) to overhaul 2. (cant.) to audit
revoca v.t. 1. to revoke; (a anula) to
repeal, to cancel 2. (a destitui) to
dismiss; (tin ambasador din post) to
recall
revocabil adj. revocable, callable

->03

revocare s.f. 1. revocation; (anulare)

repeal, cancellation 2.
(destituire)
dismissal; (a unui ambasador din post)
recall 3. (rambursarea unei emisiuni de
obligatiuni sau actiuni preferentiale
inainte de scadenta) call ~ a unui ordin de
plata - stop payment
revolutie s.f. revolution ~ industrials industrial revolution ~ manageriala (schimbare profundd a principiilor de
management si conducere a firmelor de
afaceri) managerial revolution
~ verde - (denumire data ansamblului de
actiuni si mdsuri de ameliorare geneticd a
semintelor pentru culturile de baza, in
vederea mdririi productiei agricole in
zonele si tarile cu deficit alimentar
accentual) green revolution rezerva s.f. 1.
reserve; stock, deposit 2. (fin.) reserve;
(provizion) provision 3. (restrictie,
conditie, clauzd limitativa) reserve,
condition, qualification;
stipulation
~ de aur - gold reserve
~ de capital - capital reserve, stock of
capital; (a unei band) surplus reserve
~ de numerar - stock of cash
~ din reevaluare - (a activelor) (cont.)
revaluation reserve
~ extraordinara - (a unei band)
extraordinary reserve
~ generala - (pentru acoperirea necesarului de fond de rulment) general
reserve
~ lichida - (disponibild pentru
plasamente imediate) cash reserve

~ metalica - (fin.) (in lingouri) bullion

reserve; (in monede si lingouri) coin

and bullion

304

~ pentru cheltuieli neprevazute contingent reserve

~ valutara - reserve currency
rezerve ale societatii - (constituite din
profit) company reserves
~ ascunse/secrete - (delict de bilant
care constd in denaturarea inregistrdrilor contabile prin subevaluarea
activelor) (cont.) hidden/inner/secret
reserves
~ bancare - bank reserves
~ bugetare - budget reserves
~ excedentare - {ale unei band)
excess reserves
~ facultative {rezerve de capital a
cdror constitute mi este obligatorie)
voluntary reserves
~ in numerar - vault cash
~ legale - (yaloarea minima a lichiditdtii pe care o bancd este obligatd
prin lege sd o detina) legal/statutory
reserves
~ minime obligatorii - {ale unei
band) minimum reserve requirements
~ pentru credite neperformante bad debts reserves
~ primare - {rezerve bancare care
asigurd lichiditdti imediate, dar nu
genereazd venituri) primary reserves
~ proprii {rezervele bancare minus
cantitatea imprumutatd de band de la
Banca Rezervelor Federale) {SUA)
unborrowed reserves
~ secundare - {reserve bancare
investite pe termen scurf) secondary
reserves
~ strategice - strategic stocks
~ valutare i de aur - gold and foreign
exchange reserves

REZ-RID

~ vizibile/declarate - {mentionate in
bilantui contabil) {cont.) visible
reserves
a constitui ~ - to build up reserves
a retrage sume din fondurile de ~ to draw on the reserves
rezident s.m. resident
rezidenta s.f. residence
rezidual adj. 1. residual 2. {dr.)
residuary
reziduu s.n. residuum, residue,
remnant
rezilia v.t. (un contract, o conventie) to
cancel, to annul, to rescind, to
terminate, to undo, to void, to dissolve
reziliere s.f. cancellation, annulment,
rescission, termination, voidance,
dissolution
rezistenta s.f. 1. resistance 2. {a
materialelor) strength
~ a consumatorilor - consumer
resistance
~ a materialelor - strength of
materials
~ la cumparare - {in ciuda publicitdtii) sales resistance/apathy
~ la uzura - wear resistance
rezolutie s.f. resolution
a adopta o ~ - to pass/to adopt/to
approve/to carry a resolution
a propune o ~ - to move/to submit/to
table a resolution
rezuma v.t. to brief, to sum up, to
summarize
rezamats.n. summary, brief, resume
~ al principalelor $tiri - {la radio,
televiziune) headlines
ridica v.t. 1. to raise; {greiitdti) to lift,
to heave, to hoist 2. (a suspendu) to
suspend; {restrictii} to withdraw, to
remove 3. {a mdri) to increase;

RID-RIS

(preturi) to raise, to scale up, to put up 4.

(o sedinta) to break up v.r. 1. (/a) to
amount/to come to, to run into 2. (brusc;
despre preturi) to zoom up, to skyrocket
~ obiectii - to raise/to make objections ~
pretentii - to raise claims ~ preturile
fortat/artificial - to force up the prices
ridicare s.f. 1. raising; (de greutdti) lifting,
heaving, -hoisting 2. (suspen-dare)
suspension; (de restrictii) withdrawal,
removal 3. (crestere) growth; (mdrire)
increase; (imbu-ndtdtire) improvement,
betterment ~ a preturilor rise in prices
~ a salariilor - wage increase ~ brusca a
preturilor -jump in prices ~ topografica topographic(al)/land survey
ring s.n. (incintd circulard din sala bursei,
unde actioneazd agentil) ring rise s.n. risk,
hazard; (asig. mar.) adventure
~ acoperit - (prin asigurare) covered risk
~ al afacerii - business risk ~ al
armatorului - owner's risk ~ al
carauului - can'ier's risk ~ al
cumparatorului - buyer's risk ~ al
inflatiei - inflation risk ~ al incarcatorului
- (asig. mar.) shipper's risk
~ al nemdeplinirii obligatiilor - (in
tranzactiile
de
comert
exterior)
noncompletion risk
~ al puterii de cumparare -purchasing
power risk ~ asigurabil - insurable risk ~
asigurat - insured risk, risk insured ~
comercial - commercial/trade risk

305

~ comun (atdt pentru navd, cat yi

pentru caric) (asig. mar.) common
adventure
~ corporativ - (la alocarea capi-talului,
acesta reflectd efectele unui proiect asupra
riscuhd finnei, mdsurat ca efect asupra
variabilitdtii profitului firmei) corporate
risk
~ de accidente profesionale/de munca occupational hazard
~ de captura - (asig. mar.) risk of seizure
~ de coliziune/abordaj - (asig. mar.) risk
of collision ~ de credit - credit risk ~ de
firma - (riscul de baza inerent activitdtii
de exploatare a firmei) (fin.) business risk
~ de frauda - fraud risk ~ de flirt - theft
risk ~ de gheturi - (asig. mar.) ice risk ~
de incendiu - fire risk ~ de incetare de
plata - default risk ~ de lichiditate (incapacitated intermediarilor financiari
de a onora obligatiile financiare pe termen
scurf) liquidity risk
~ de prejudiciu adus unui tert -(asig.)
third-party risk
~ de spargere - (a coletelor de mar/a)
breakage risk
~ de suveranitate - (riscul expro-prierii
activelor unei filiale struine de cdtre taragazdd sail restrictii nepre-vazute asupra
fluxurilor de numerar cdtre companiamama) sovereign risk ~ de transbordare transshipment risk, risk of boats/craft ~ de
tranzactie - (riscul valutar da-torat
diferentelor de curs in tranzactiile

306

comerciale Internationale) transaction risk

~ de tara - (fin.) country risk ~
descoperit/neacoperit - (fard asigurare)
uncovered risk ~ financiar - {riscul de a nu
mai putea acoperi cheltuielile fixe financiare dobanzi, dividende preferentiale, fonduri de
amortizare) financial risk ~ iminent - (asig.)
immediate risk ~ incalculabil - (asig.)
incalculable risk
~ intrinsec - (asig.) inherent risk ~ maritim
(marine/maritime)
adventure,
marine/maritime risk, risk at sea
~ moral (comportament necinstit sau
neglijentd a persoanelor care nu suportd
costurile actelor lor, situatie generatd de
existenta unei asigurdri etc.) moral hazard
~ neasigurabil - noninsurable/ uninsurable
risk
~ nesistematic - (riscul diversificabil sau
specific unei anumite companii, cauzat de
factori caracteristici aces-teia, care poate fi
eliminat prin pds-trarea actiunilor companiei
intr-un portofoliu diversificat) unsystematic
risk
~ operational - (riscul care existd in conditii
de functionare normald a bdncii) (fin.)
operating risk ~ politic - political risk ~
profesional
professional
risk
~
sistematic/relevant/de piata - (acea parte din
riscul unui titlu de valoare, care rezultd din
oscilatiile pietei bursiere si nu poate fi eliminat
prin diversificare) (bur., fin.) systematic/
relevant/market risk

RIS-ROL

~ special/suplimentar - (asig.) extra/

additional risk
~ total - (abaterea standard a unui
titlu de valoare) (fin.) total risk
~ valutar/al cursului de schimb foreign exchange risk
a se expune unui ~ - to incur a risk
risca v.t. to risk, to venture; (bani
mtr-o afacere) to stake
ripisa s.f. waste, wastage; (de bani,
timp etc.) squander; thriftlessness
risipi v.t. 1. to scatter, to disperse; (din
mar/a) to spill 2. (bani, timp etc.) to
waste, to squander (away)
risipitor adj. wasteful, spendthrift,
thriftless s.m. squanderer, spendthrift
risturna s.f. return, refund; rebate
~ de navlu - (mar.) deferred rebate
~ de prima - (asig.) premium refund
ritms.n. rate
~ de circulatie a marfurilor - rate of
turnover
~ de cre$tere economica - economic
growth rate
~ de productie - rate of production
rival adj., s.m. rival
rivalitate s.f. (concurentd) rivalry,
contention
riveran adj. riverain, riparian, river
(-side) s.m. riverain, riparian, riverside
resident
robot s. m. robot
robotica s.f. robotics
rodi v.i. to bear/to yield fruits, to fruit
roditor adj. 1. fruit-bearing, fruitful
2. fertile, rich
rol s.n. 1. roll, list; register 2. (dr.) (de
procese) cause list, docket; (calendar
de termene) calendar
~ de echipaj - (mar.) ship's ledger/
articles, muster roll/book

ROL-RUT

~ de impozite - assessment roll

a trece pe ~ - (un proces) {dr.) to
docket
rotatie s.f. 1. rotatie 2. (cifra de
afaceri; randament) turnover
~ a activelor fixe - (raportui dintre
vdnzari si activele fixe, care mdsoard
utilizarea instalatiilor si a echipamentelor) fixed assets turnover
~ a activului total - (raportui dintre
vdnzari si activul total) total assets
turnover
~ a capitalului - (circuitui capitalului
privit ca proces continuii} capital
turnover
~ a culturilor agricole - (asolamenf)
rotation/succession/shift of crops
~ a directorilor - rotation of directors
~ a sarcinilor/posturilor-job rotation
~ a stocurilor - (raportui dintre
vdnzari si stocuri) inventory turnover
rotund adj. (despre cifre) round;
(despre o sumd de bani) even

rotunji v.t. {calcule, cifre} to round off

ruina v.t. (afalimentd} to break
307

ruin at adj. (falit) broken

ruja v.t. (incdrcdtura uhei nave, a unui
avion prin distribuirea ei uniforma) to
trim
ru]ar s.m. trimmer
rujare s.f. trim, trimming
rula v.t. {bani, fondtiri) to circulate
rulaj s.n. (cont.,fin.) turnover
runda s.f. (de negocieri) round
rural adj. rural
ruta s.f. route, course, way
~ comerciala - trade route
~ de navigatie - (shipping) lane,
shipping/sailing route, navigation
course
~ de transport de marfa de mare
viteza - (c./) fast freight line
~ directa - direct route
~ fluviala - inland route
~ maritima - sea route
~ terestra - overland route
~ oceanica - ocean lane
a schimba ruta - to reroute
rutier adj. road...

s
sac s.m. (pentru marfd, de man me
standard) bag,sack '~- de hartie - paper
bag --deiuta-jute bag ~ de plastic - plastic
bag "- neumplut - slack bag sacrifica v.t.
(animale) to slaughter, to kill
salariat adj. (despre oameni sau posturi)
salaried;
(renmnerat,
retribuit)
remunerated; stipendiary; (despre oameni)
wage-earning, wageworking;
(despre munca) paid s.m. wage earner;
(functionar intr-o societate privatd)
salaried employee/man, salary earner;
(functionar la stat) civil servant, office
worker; (muncitor salariat) wage-worker,
salaried worker; pi. the salariat ~
pensionat - retired employee ~
permanent - permanent employee salariu
s.n. (pentru munca manuald, mecanizatd,
prestarea de servicii) wage(s); (al
persoanei care face alte munci deceit cele
mamiale sau meca-nizate ori prestdri de
servicii) salary, pay
~ brut - gross wage ~ colectiv - collective
wage ~ de baza - basic wage ~ de
concediere
dismissal
wage/pay/
compensation ~ derizoriu - pittance ~
diterential - differential pay, wage
differential
~ direct - (in corelafie cu munca prestata)
direct wage ~ estimat in viitor - wage
expectations

~ indirect - (acea parte a salariului

pidtitd dupa alte criterii decdt. munca
prestata) indirect wage
~ in acord - piece wage/rate, job/task
wage

~ in natura - truck wage

~ just - fair wage
- lunar - monthly wage
- minim/de subzistenta - minimum/
subsistence/living wage, fall-back pay ~
minim de cretere - minimum growing
wage
- net - net wage, take-home pay
~ nominal - nominal wage
~ pe unitatea de timp - time wage
~ permanent/'regulat - regular salary
" platit prin cec - paycheck
~ real - real wage
~ saptamanal - weekly wage
~ tarifar - tariff wage/rate
salarii curente - going wages
~ direct productive - productive
wages

~ progresive - (in functie de productivitate) progressive/incentive wages

~ si lefuri - wages and salaries
salariza v.t. to pay (salary to); to
remunerate
~ insuficient - to underpay
salarizare s.f. wages pay, paying a
salary to, remuneration of
sala s.f. (mare, mai ales intr-o cladire
publicd) hall; (camera, mcdpere) room;
(]~>entru prelegeri) lecture room ~
de ateptare - waiting room
-- de audiente - audience chamber ~ de
consiliu - board room

SAL-SAR

~ de expozitie - showroom, exhibition

room
~ de tntruniri - assembly hall
-de licitatie - auction room. mart ~ de
vanzare de bilete - book hall ~ principals
- (a unei burse) floor salopeta s.f. overalls,
coveralls sanctiona v.t. 1. to penalize, to
sanction 2. (a aprobu) to sanction, to agree
to sanctiune s.f. 1. sanction, penalty;
(pentm incalcarea unui contract) forfeit,
forfeiture
2.
(aprobare) sanction,
approbation,
approval
sanctiuni
economice - economic/trade sanctions
sanitar adj. sanitary, health... sarcina s.f.
1. (incarcatura) load, burden; (greutate)
weight 2. (garantie, ipoteca) encumbrance,
charge 3. (ms-pundere, responsabilitate,
custodie, tutela) (dr.) charge 4. (obligatie)
charge, burden, imposition, onus;
(mdatorire) assignment, task; (obligate)
obligation 5. pi. (impolite, taxe, impuner'i)
charges, taxes, imposts ~ a probelor - (dr.)
onus probandi, burden of proof
- admisa/admisibila - allowable'
permissible load
~ critica - critical load
~ de exploatare - operating/service
load
~ efectiva - effective load
~ fixa - (dreptui creditorului fund
limitat la un amimit activ al unei
societuti) fixed charge
~ flotanta - (dreptui creditorului
extinzdndu-se la toate activele unei
societati) floating charge
~ grea - heavy lift

309

~ ipotecara - mortgage charge

~ limita - ultimate load
~ maxima - maximum/peak load
~ maxima admisa - safe load
~ neta - net load
~ nominala - rated load
~ partiala/incompleta - underload
~ totala - full/total load
~ utila/comerciala - useful/service
load, payload
sarcini fiscale - tax burden
~ pe active - charges on assets
~ prioritare - (plafa prioritara a
dividendelor la actiunile preferentiale)
prior charges
satisfactie s.f. satisfaction
~ a muncii - (sutisfactia pe care un
lucrdtor o obtine din activitatea so)
(man.)]db satisfaction
saturare ,>./ saturation
~ a pietei - market saturation
sanatate s.f. health
~ publica - public health
saptamanal adj. weekly, hebdomadal,
hebdomadary^./i. weekly (publication)
saptamana s.f. week
~ de lucru - working week
sarac adj. poor; (nevoia^) destituite,
needy, indigent; (jam barn, strdmtorat)
moneyless, impecunious, hard-up;
(sdrdcdcios, redus) scanty s.m. poor/
indigent person, pauper
saraci v.t. to beggar, to impoverish, to
make poor; (a pauperiza) to pauperize
v.;'. to grow/to become poor, to become
impoverished
saracie s.f. poverty; (nevoie)
destitution, necessity, need(iness);
(lips a) want, scarcity, dearth, lack,
paucity: (pauperism) pauperism ~
absoluta - absolute poverty

310

~ relativa - relative poverty

sarbatoare s.f. 1. (zi nelncrdtoare) day
of rest, rest day; (zi liberd la scoala)
play day 2. (care se prdznuieste)
holiday, high day, feast; (marcatd cu
rosu in calendar) red-letter day
~ legala - legal/public/statutory
holiday; (pentru band) bank holiday
scadent adj. (falling) due, mature
a fi ~ - to fall due
scadenta s.f. due date/day, prompt
date, maturity, term; (a unei cambii)
tenor
~ comuna - (a mai multor titluri de
valoare) equation of payments
~ medie - (calculatd in functie de
diferite sume care trebuie platite la
date diferite) average due date
a ajunge la ~ - to fall due, to mature;
(despre o datorie) to fall in
scara s.f. 1. (fixd) stairs, staircase;
(mobild) ladder 2. (scald) scale
~ de impozite - tax scale
~ de incendiu - fire escape
~ de normare - rating scale
~ de pescaj - (mar.) draught/draft
scale
~ de serviciu - back stairs
~ grafica - (a hdrtii) graphic scale
~ ierarhica - scale of ranks, hierarchy
~ mobila - (de venituri, cheltuieli)
sliding scale
~ rulanta - rolling/moving stairway
scadea v.t. 1. (cifre) to subtract, to
figure out; (pretui) to mark down 2. (a
reduce, a micsora, a diminua) to
lessen, to diminish, to lower v.i. to
diminish, to decrease; (despre preturi,
tarife) to lower, to fall, to decline, to go
down, to sag, to sink, to weaken;
(despre incasdri, profituri) to fall off;

SAL-SCH

(despre cursuri bursiere) to trade

down, to slump
scadere s.f. 1. (de cifre) subtraction
2. (reducere, micsorare, diminuare)
reduction, diminution, lowering,
decrease, decline; (a activitdtii economice) downturn, downswink
~ a cifrei de afaceri - reduction in
turnover
~ a cursului - (bur.) (care urmeazd
unei perioade de cresteri) setback;
(bruscd) slump
~ a preturilor - decline in prices,
markdown
~ accentuata a preturilor - (bur.) sliding
trend
~ uoara a preturilor - slight decline in
prices
~ vertiginoasa a preturilor - collapse of
prices
scazut adj. (despre pretiiri, tarife) low,
weak
schela s.f. (sondd) oil derrick; (santier)
oilfield
schema s.f. 1. diagram, chart, scheme,
schedule 2. (de personal) establishment,
table of functions and wages ~ a
oportunitatilor de investitii -(grafic al
oportunitatilor de investitii ale firmei
clasate in ordinea ratei rentabilitdtii
proiectelor) investment opportunity
schedule
~ de incarcare - loading chart, scheme of
loading
~ de stivuire - stowage diagram schimb
s.n. 1. exchange; (troc) truck;
(barter) barter 2. (de lucru) shift ~ de
actiuni - (mire doud sau mai multe
companii care fuzioneaza) exchange of
shares

SCH-SCR

~ de dupa-amiaza - afternoon/swing
shift
~ de experienta - exchange/pooling/
sharing of experience
~ de instrumente de ratificare exchange of ratifications
~ de lucru - working shift
~ de lucru divizat - (in dona sau mai
multe ture pentru a acoperi orele de
vdrf) split shift
~ de marfuri - exchange of goods/
commodities
~ de noapte - night shift
~ de seara - twilight shift
~ de zi - day shift
~ dublu - (cu efectiv dublu) double
shift
~ financiar de creante - (cedarea
unor creante, detinute de o banca, in
schimbul unui alt activ; schimbarea
unei creante dintr-o anumitd valuta in
altd valuta; transformarea unei datorii
cu dobdndd fixd intr-o datorie cu
dobdndd variabila) swap
~ in natura - (troc) swap, swapping
~ la paritate - exchange at parity
~ valutar - foreign exchange
~ valutar direct - (intre doud tdri,
valuta uneia fund cotatd in raport cu
valuta celeilalte tdri) direct exchange
~ valutar indirect - (intre doud tdri,
folosindu-se valuta unei a treia tdri)
indirect exchange
schimba v.t. 1. to change; (a inlocui) to
replace; (a modified} to modify, to
alter, to shift; (a face schimb de) to
exchange 2. (bani) to change; (bani in
unitdti subdivizionare) to break; (a
convert!) to convert

311

schimbare s.f. changing; change;

exchange; modification, alteration,
shift
~ a preturilor - variation of prices
~ a unui produs vechi cu unul nou (cumpdrarea unui automobil, a unui
frigider etc. nou prin restituirea celui
vechi firmei care l-a produs si achitarea unei diferente de pret) trade-in
~ in continutui unei functii - shift in
the function
scoate v.t. 1. to take/to draw/to pull out
2. (din Idzi, cutii) to uncase, to unbox
3. (un certificat, un act) to take out 4.
(a cdstiga, a obtine) to get, to obtain
~ bani de la banca - to draw money
(from a bank)
~ castiguri mari de pe urma - to
derive large profits from
~ din doc - to undock
~ din functiune - to disable; {un utilaj,
o instalatie) to shut down
~ din vama - to clear through the
customs
a-$i ~ cheltuielile - to cover one's
expenses
scont5\/2. discount
~ comercial - bank/banker's discount
sconta v.t. to discount, to take on
discount
scontare s.f. (pperatiune prin care
banca il crediteazd pe posesorul unui
efect de corner} nescadent cu valoarea
netd a acestuia, prelevdnd dobdnda ^i
comisionul aferent transferului de
creanta) discount
scontator^.m. discounter
scop s.n. goal, aim, purpose
scriptic adj. on the staff
scrisoare s.f letter

312

~ cu semnaturile autorizate mandate form

~ cu valoare declarata - insured/value
letter
~ de acordare a dreptului de retentie
-(dr.) letter of lien
~ de apel - (adresatd unui actionar
pentru a plati actiunile detimite) call
letter
~ de avizare - letter of advice, advice
note
~ de cerere de informatii sau de
oferta - letter of inquiry
~ de cerere de subscriere la actiuni letter of application
~ de confirmare - follow-up letter
~ de credit - letter of credit
~ de credit anticipate - anticipatory
letter of credit
~ de credit circulara - circular letter
of credit
~ de credit comerciala - commercial
letter of credit
~ de credit de calatorie - traveller's
letter of credit
~ de credit deschisa/fara conditii open letter of credit
~ de depunere - (ca garantie) letter of
deposit
~ de gaj - letter of hypothecation
~ de garantie - (a rnarfii) letter of
indemnity, backward/back letter; (a
navel) letter of guarantee
~ de garantie a incarcatorului shipper's guarantee
~ de garantie bancara de executare (ci contractului) performance/contract
bond
~ de garantie vamala - (pentru platu
taxelor vamale de import) customs
bond

SCR-SCU

~ de intentie - letter of intent

~ de msotire - covering letter
~ de numire - (intr-un post) letter of
appointment
~ de preocupare - (trimisa de banca
unui client cu dificultdti fmanciare)
letter of concern
~ de rapel/revenire - letter of
reminder
~ de recomandare - letter of
introduction/recommendation
~ de renuntare - (la atribuirea de
actiuni) letter of renunciation
~ de sprijin/recomandare - (pentru
obtinerea unui imprumuf) letter of
comfort
~ de scuze - (pentru respingerea
cereru de subscriere la actiuni) letter
of regret
~ de trasura - (contract pentru
transportui de mdrfuri) consignment
note, waybill
~ tnchisa - sealed letter
~ neconfirmata - unacknowledged
letter
~ nedatata - undated letter
~ recomandata - registered letter;
{SUA) certified mail
~ returnata i neinmanata
expeditorului - dead letter
~ - tip - set form of a letter
scrisori de acreditare - letters of
credence
scump adj. expensive, dear
scumpete s.f. expensiveness,
costliness, deamess, dearth
scumpi v.t. to raise/to put up the price
of v.r. to grow/to get dearer, to rise/to
increase/to advance/to go up in price

SCU-SEC

scurgere s.f. 1. (printr-o crdpdturd,

spartura) leakage, leaking; flowing,
wastage 2. (a capitalului) efflux ~
accidentals (cu efect poluant)
accidental leakage, spillage ~ de marfa cargo leaking ~ din sac - leakage from bag
scuti v.t. to exempt; (a exonera) to
exonerate; (de o sarcind, o obligatie etc.)
to privilege; (de impozite partial sau total}
to derate
scutire s.f. exemption; (exonerare)
exoneration; (de taxe, impozite etc.)
immunity; (de impozite partial sau total)
derating
~ de impozite - exemption from taxation,
freedom from tax, tax exemption
~ de taxe vamale - exemption from duty
scutit adj. exempt (from), free (of) ~ de
chirie sau arenda - rent-free, free of rent
~ de impozite - tax-exempt/-free ~ de
impunere - exempt from taxation ~ de
navlu - (mar.) free of freight ~ de taxe
postale - post-free ~ de taxe vamale duty-free, free of duty
secara s.f. rye
secatui v.t. to exhaust, to deplete; (a
sdrdci) to impoverish
sechestra v.t. (dr.) to sequester, to
sequestrate, to distrain, to seize, to attach;
(o navd) to arrest sechestru s.n. sequester,
sequestration, distraint, distrainment,
seizure, garnishment, attachment;
(asupra navel) arrest ~ asigurator conservative seizure

313

~ asupra bunurilor imobiliare -seizure of

real estate/property ~ asupra bunurilor
mobiliare -seizure of movable property ~
executor - execution ~ in revendicare seizure under a prior claim
~ judiciar - seizure under legal process
a pune- pe - to levy/to lay a distraint upon
a scoate de sub ~ - to replevy secret adj.
secret; confidential s.n. secret; secrecy
~ bancar - banking secrecy ~
comercial/industrial - trade secret ~
profesional
professional
secret
secretar.s-.rn. secretary ~ de redactie editorial secretary ~ de stat - Secretary of
State ~ general - Secretary-General ~
particular - personal/private secretary
~ responsabil cu clasarea docu-mentelor
- filing clerk ~ responsabil cu
corespondenta -correspondence clerk
secretariat s.n. 1. (serviciu, birou)
secretariat 2. (functie) secretaryship sector
s.n, 1. sector; department 2. district
~ corporativ/al corporatiilor - (in
economic) corporate sector ~ de servicii service department ~ economic cheie - key
sector of the economy
~ institutional - (totalul unitdtilor
economice sau institutionale care an un
comportament analog) institutional sector

314

~ mixt - (in care se combind proprietatea publicd cu cea privata) mixed

sector

~ petrolifer - oil area/land/zone

~ privat - private sector
~ public/de stat - public sector
sectie s.f. 1. section; department;
division 2. (intr-o uzind) workshop
~ de politic - police station
~ de productie/exploatare production/operations department
~ de votare - polling station
~ financiara - tax administration,
taxation authorities
~ postuniversitara - (pentru doctoral)
graduate school
securitate s.f. safety, security
~ a muncii - labour safety
~ alimentara - food security
~ sociala - social security
sediu s.n. (al unei firme) office;
{central) headquarters
~ central/principal - headquarters,
head/home office; (al unui holding)
group headquarters
~ social - registered office
segment s.n. segment
~ de piata - market share
segmentare s.f. segmentation
~ a pietei - market segmentation
~ concentrata - (marketingul niselor
de piata, identificarea si exploatarea
unui segment ingust de piata)
concentrated segmentation
seif s.n. safe (deposit), strongbox,
vault, coffer
~ de noapte - (seif cu usa amplasatd
pefatada exterioard a unei band, unde
clientii pot veni sa-si depoziteze numerarul in afara orelor de program ale
bdncii) night safe

SEC-SEM

selectare s.f. (a celei mat bune alternative)

(man.) screening selectie s.f. selection,
choice ~ de portofoliu - portfolio selection
~ ponderata - balanced sample semana
v.t. to sow, to seed; (in randuri) to drill
semanatoare s.f. sowing machine
semicalificat adj. semiskilled
semicontainer s.n. (pentru mdrfuri in
vrac) half-height container ~ deschis/fara
capac - half-height/ open-top container
semifabricat adj. semifinished,
semimanufactured s.n. pi. semifinished/
half-finished/unfinished goods/products,
intermediate goods/ products
semipreparate s.n. pi. (culinare) readyto-cook foods
semna v.t. 1. to sign, to subscribe 2.
(transferul sau renuntarea la o proprietate) to sign away ~ in alb - to sign in
blank ~ in condica - (la intrarea in
serviciu) to sign in; (la iesirea din serviciu)
to sign off
~ in mod solidar - to sign jointly ~ in
numele cuiva - to sign on behalf of smb.
~ pe verso - to endorse ~ prin procura - to
sign per proxy semnat adj. signed
~ personal/man u propria signed
personally/in own hand semnatar adj.
signatory s.m. signer. signatory, subscriber
semnatura s.f. signature ~ autorizata authorized signature ~ colectiva -joint
signature ~ de complezenta - bogus
signature

SEM-SER

~ falsa - forged signature

~ ilizibila/indescifrabila - illegible
signature
~ in alb - blank signature
~ neautorizata - unauthorized
signature
~ originala - authograph
~ prin procura - signature by
procuration/proxy
~ sociala - signature of the firm
sentinta s.f, (a jiidecdtorului)
judgement, sentence, decision, decree;
(a juratilor) verdict; (a unui arbitru)
award
~ de amanare - adjournment
~ de desistare - judgement upon
withdrawal of suit
~ de jurisdictie contecioasa sentence in disputed matters
~ de rejudecare/trimitere - remand
~ definitiva/executorie - final
judgement
~ civila -judgement in civil matters
~ in contumacie - judgement by
default
~ irevocabila - decree absolute
~ in favoarea reclamantului judgement for the plaintiff
~ penala -judgement in criminal case
~ provizorie/interlocutorie interlocutory judgement
a da o ~ - to pass/to give/to deliver a
sentence; (de arbitral) to make an
award
serie s.f. 1. series 2. (set) set
~ de cambii - set of bills of exchange
~ de conosamente - set of bills of
lading
series adj. (despre o sitiiatie, o chestiune) serious, grave; (despre o persoana) serious-minded; (despre un

315

cumpdrdtor) genuine; (despre o oferta)

bona-fide...
servi v.t. (un client) to serve, to attend
to, to wait on
serviciu s.n. 1. service; job,
employment; (pbligatie de serviciu)
duty 2. (ingrijire, servire, deservire)
attendance 3. (sectie) department 4.
(facut cuiva) service rendered 5. (de
obiecte) set, service
~ al datoriei externe - (totalitatea
obligatiilor de, platd externe, derivate
din datoria externa, pe parcursul unui
an) foreign debt service
~ al datoriei publice - (totalitatea
obligatiilor de platd ale debitorilor
publici, decurgand din datoria ptiblicd,
pe parcursul unui an) public debt
service
~ comercial/de vanzari - sales
department
~ consultativ - advisory service
~ contabil - accounting/accounts
department
~ contractual - contract service
~ cu norma intreaga - full-time job/
employment/work
~ cu norma partiala/program redus
- part-time job/employment/work
~ de aprovizionare-desfacere supply-delivery service
~ de camera - (intr-un hotel) room
service
~ de cercetare - research department
~ de consultants manageriala (serviciu intern al unei firme)
management sei"vices
~ de contencios - legal department
~ de corespondenta - correspondence
department
~ de credite - credit department

316

~ de decontare a cecurilor - (serviciu

bancar) transit department
'- de expeditii - dispatch/forwarding
department
~ de Tncasari - collection department
~ de intretinere - repair/maintenance
service, service agreement
~ de medicina muncii - occupational
health sendee
~ de mesagerie - parcel delivery/post/
service; (SUA) expressage
~ de personal - personnel/staff/
appointments department
~ de publicitate - advertising/publicity
department
~ de reclamatii - complaint section
~ de reconciliere a conturilor - (cu
evidentele clientului unei band)

account reconcilement service

- de ridicare si livrare la domiciliu collection and deliver}'
~ de scont - discount department
~ de stivuire - stevedore service
~ de transport - transport service
~ ,,din usa in usa" - {serviciu de
livrare a marfii pand la fiecare

destinatar) door-to-door service

~ financiar - finance department
hidrografic - hydrographic
department/'service/office ~ meteorologic
- weather service
- periferic - (care este oferit pe Idiiga
serviciile bancare de baza fird comision)
peripheral sendee ~ permanent - regular
employment ~ postvanzare/de intretinere
- after-sales service
~ postal - mail/postal service
~ sezonier - seasonal employment
~ social - social service
~ statistic - statistical department

SER-SEZ

~ tehnic - engineering department ~

telefonic - telephone service ~- valutar exchange department servicii bancare banking services ~ bancare la domiciliu (sistem de tranzaclii bancare prin
computerul personal conectat la reteaua
bancil) home banking
~ bancare principale/de baza - basic
banking
~ comerciale - commercial services ~ de
asistenta medicala - health service
~ directe (altele deceit cele comerciale,
mdeplinite de medici, avocati, functionari
etc.} direct services ~
edilitare/municipale - social overheads
~ publice - public utilities ~ regulate scheduled services servieta s.f. portfolio;
(diplomat} attache case; (pentru
documente, de avocat) briefcase
servitor.9. m. servant, attendant servitute
s.f. (dr.) servitude, easement sets.n. set
~ de cambii - set of bills of exchange ~ de
conosamente - set of bills of lading
~ de oportunitate - (toate datele risc-rentabilitate referitoare la o investitie)
(fin.) opportunity set ~ de scule - tool
kit/outfit/set sezons.n. season
'" de navigatie - navigation/shipping
season
~ de pescuit - fishing season ~ deschis (de vanatoare, pescuit) open season
~ mort - dead/'slaclc/dull/iow season, offseason/-time

SEZ-SIN

~ plin/de varf - rush/peak/throng

season
~ turistic - high season
sezonier adj. seasonal
sfarsit5./i. end; (mcetare) cessation
~ al exercitiului nnanciar - end of the
financial year
~ de luna - (corn., bur.) ultimo
sfera s.f. (domeniu) sphere, field,
domain
~ a afacerilor - sphere/line of business
~ de activitate - sphere/field of
activity, branch
~ de influenta - sphere of influence
~ de productie - sphere/field of
production, output area
sfert s.n. quarter; (de pintu, iincie etc.)
quartern
~ de dolar - (american sou Canadian,
monedd de 25 de centi) quarter
~ de galon (imitate de mdsurd pentru
capacitate) quart
siderurgie s.f. metallurgy of iron and
steel
sigila v.t. (cu plumb de garantie) to
seal
sigiliu s.n. (plombd/plumb de garantie)
seal
~ vamal - customs seal
sigur adj. 1. (in sigurantd) secure, safe
2. (de incredere) reliable, trustworthy
3. (cu acoperire din punct de vedere
financiar) copper-bottomed
siguranta s.f. safety, security
~ a locului de munca -job security
~ In exploatare - operating safety/
reliability
si\ozs.n. (grain) silo
silvic adj. forest...
silvicultor
s.m.
silviculturist,
sylviculturist, forester

317

silvicultura
s.f.
silviculture,
sylviculture, forestry simbol^.M. symbol
~- de status (simbol al pozitiei ocupate
de o persoand sau un grup in societate)
status symbol simulare s.f. simulation ~ a
modelelor econometrice -simulation of
econometric models ~ de management management game
~ de roluri - (man.) dramatization sindical
adj. 1. trade-union... 2. (patronal)
syndical(ist), syndicalistic sindicalism s.n.
1. trade unionism 2. (patronal) syndicalism
~ de sistem - (conceptie sindicald de a
accepta si de a sustine sistemul capitalist,
lupta sindicalelor limitdndu-se la
imbundtdtirea conditiilor de mimed si de
viatd) (SUA) business unionism sindicalist
s.m. 1. trade unionist 2. (patronal
syndicalist
sindicaliza v.r. 1. to form a trade-union
organization 2. (a se uni intr-un sindicat
patronal) to syndicate sindicatj'./?. 1.
(trade) union; organized labour 2.
(patronal) syndicate ~ al asiguratorilor
de caric - cargo syndicate
~ al feroviarilor - (SUA) railway
brotherhood
~ al meseriasilor/muncitorilor din
aceeasi specialitate - craft union ~
arbitrajist - arbitrage syndicate ~ bancar
- banking syndicate ~ controlat de
patronat - company union
~ de asiguratori maritimi - marine
syndicate ~ de credit - loan syndicate

318

~ de/pe ramura - industrial union

~ de subscriere - (alcatuit din band si
sodetdti de investitii pentru a acoperi
riscul asocial lansarii si distribuirii
unei emisiuni de titluri de valoare)
underwriting syndicate
~ de subscriere a unei emisiuni de
obligatiuni - bond syndicate
~ deschis - (care nil impune conditii
restrictive pentru primirea de not
membri) open trade union
~ galben - (care sustine patronatui)
yellow trade union
~ inchis - (care impune conditii
restrictive pentru primirea de noi
membri) closed trade union
~ patronal - syndicate, employers'
association
~ pe societate - company union
~ profesional - trade/trading
association
sinecura s.f. sinecure
sinecurist-y.w. sinecurist
sista v.t. (livrari, plati etc.) to cease, to
suspend, to stop, to withhold
~ livrarea - to stop delivery
~ un ordin de plata/un cec - to stop
payment/a cheque
sistem^.n. system
~ al economiei de comanda command economy system
~ al economiei de piata - market
economy system
~ al economiei nationale - national
economy system
~ al marii proprietati funciare landlordism
- bancar - banking system
~ bancar cu activitate corespondenta
- correspondence banking

SIN-SIS

~ bancar dual - (cu reglementdri federale

si de stat) (SUA) dual banking system
~ bancar fractionar - (prin care handle
mentin rezervele proprii la un procent fix
din depozitele clientilor) fractional
(deposit) banking ~ bancar unitar - (in
care nu se admit filial e) unit banking ~
contabil - accounting system ~ contabil
fara registre - ledgerless accounting, file
posting ~ contabil uniform - uniform
system of accounts
~ cooperatist - cooperative system ~ de
acte justificative - voucher system
~ de alimentare cu apa - waterworks ~ de
calcul - computing system ~ de
clasare/clasificare - filing system ~ de
cliring - clearing system ~ de comenzi in
cantitati fixe - fixed order system
~ de comenzi la intervale fixe -fixed
interval reorder system ~ de depozitare warehousing system ~ de economisire din
salariu - (prin care se scade regulat o
suma de bani din salariu) save-as-you-eam
scheme ~ de evidenta a intrarilor - (cont.)
book entry system
~ de exploatare - operating system ~ de
exploatare intensive - speed-up system
~ de livrari complexe - (materiale,
servicii, consultants) package system ~ de
munca bazata pe prime - work--on-thebonus system
~ de munca in acord - piece rate system

SIS-SIT

~ de plata in alimente - tommy

system
~ de prelucrare automata a datelor automatic data processing system
~ de preturi comune - common prices
system
~ de prevederi sociale - provident
scheme
~ de prevenire timpurie - (sistem de
identificare a institutiilor financiare
care pot da faliment) early warning
system
~ de previzionare si control al
stocurilor - forecasting and control
system
~ de prime - bonus scheme
~ de salarizare - wage system
~ de salarizare cu prime - premium
wage system
~ de salarizare pe baza de norme
zilnice - measured day work
~ de salarizare pentru munca in
acord - task system of pay
~ de vanzari cu plata in rate installment plan/system, budget
account
~ economic - economic system
~ economic capitalist - capitalist
economic system
~ fiscal -'tax system
~ flexibil al programului de munca flexible hours system
~ informatic de gestiune
management information system
~ metric - metric system
~ monetar - monetary system, coinage
~ monetar decimal - decimal coinage
~ monetar unificat - unified monetary
system
~ stimulativ - (plan de stimulare in
salarizare) incentive scheme

319

~ tabular - tabulating system

~ tarifar - tariff/rating system, rates
schedule
~ vamal protectionist - protective
system
~ zecimal - (de unitati de masurd)
decimal system
~ zonal de preturi - zone price plan
sistematiza v.t. to systematize
sistematizare s.f. 1. systematization 2.
(urband) town planning
situatie s.f. 1. (stare) situation,
condition, position 2. (raport, dare de
seamd) report; account; (cont.)
statement
~ a activului si a pasivului - (cont.)
statement of assets and liabilities
~ a cheltuielilor - account of expenses
~ a cheltuielilor de exploatare (cont.) operating statement
~ a costurilor - (cont.) statement of
costs

~ a pietei - condition of the market

~ a veniturilor - (cont.) income
statement
~ anuala - (a unei societdti, cerutd de
registrul comerfului) annual return
- concurentiala - competitive
situation
~ critica - emergency, case of
emergency
~ de avarie comuna - (asig. mar.)
general average condition
~ de casa - (cont.) cash statement
~ financiara - financial position;
(cont.) financial statement
~ financiara certificata - (de un
contabil autorizaf) certified financial
statement
~ materiala buna - competence

320

~ sociala - social condition, status,

standing
~ solida (din punct de vedere
financial') strong position
situatii financiare consolidate (cont.) consolidated financial
statements, group accounts
slab adj. (despre activitdti economice)
slack; (despre piatd etc.) weak
slogan s.n. (publicitar) slogan,
catchphrase
slujba s.f. job, employment, service,
post
a detine o ~ - to hold a situation, to fill
a post
a solicita o ~ - to apply/to compete for
a post
a-si lasa slujba - to leave one's post,
to resign one's office
slumpflatie s.f. (inflatie insotitd de
depresiune economicd) slumpflation
social adj. social
~ -democrat - social democrat
~ -democratic - social democracy
socialism s.n. socialism
~ corporatist - guild socialism
~ stiintific - scientific socialism
~ utopic - Utopian socialism
socialist adj., s.m. socialist
societar^.m. (full) member, associate
societate s.f. 1. society; (asociatie)
association 2. (comerciald) company;
firm, business; {corporate) corporation
~ capitalists - capitalist society
~ care practica afaceri riscante wildcat company
~ care produce pierderi - loss maker
~ comerciala - (trading) company;
firm, business ~ comunista - communist
society

SIT-SOC

~ -conglomerat - conglomerate
company
~ constituita prin fuziune - merger
company
~ controlata de o singura persoana one-man company
~ cooperatista - cooperative society
~ cotata/listata - (bur.) listed company
~ cu raspundere limitata - limited
(-liability) company
~ cu raspundere nelimitata unlimited company
~ cu sucursale multiple - chain
company
~ de ajutor reciproc - mutual benefit
society
~ de asigurari - insurance company
~ de asigurari de viata - life
assurance/insurance company
~ de asigurari maritime - marine
insurance company, underwriting
association
~ de binefacere - friendship/friendly
society
~ de clasificare - (a navelor) ship's
register, registry of shipping,
classification society
~ de constructii navale - shipbuilding
company
~ de consum - consumption-society
~ de credit - (care finanteazd
achizitionarea de bunuri cu plata in
rate) (sales) finance company/house,
hire-purchase company; (cu fonduri
constituite din vdrsdmintele membrilor)
loan club/society
~ de credit agricol - rural credit
society
~ de credit comercial - commercial
credit company

SOC-SOL

~ de credit ipotecar - {care acordd

imprumuturi pentru ciimpdrarea sail
construirea de locuinte) building
society/and loan association
~ de depozite - {de mdrfuri)
warehouse company
~ de finantare - (a intreprinderilor
mid si mijiocii) finance company
~ de investitii financiare unit/security trust,
paper/trust
company, investment (trust) company
~ de investitii financiare flexibile/
generale - (in orice sector) flexible
trust, general management trust
~ de investitii financiare intr-un
sector fix/limitat - fixed trust
~ de leasing - leasing company
~ de servicii publice - public utility
company
~ de transport - transport/carrying
company, carrier
~ de transport de mobila - furniture
removers
~ -fantoma - bubble company
~ fara scop lucrativ - nonprofit
company
~ fictiva - bogus company; (societate
neoperantd, infiintatd cu scopiil de a ft
vdndutd) shell company
~ -fiica - (filiala a uniii holding)
daughter company
~ internationala - international
company
~ in comandita - sleeping/limited
partnership, sleeping partners company
~ in comandita pe actiuni partnership limited by shares
~ in nume colectiv - general/ordinary
partnership, partnership firm
~ in participate - particular
partnership

321

~ inchisa - (controlata de cinci sail

mat putini actionari) close(d) company
~ infimtata prin decret regal chartered company
~ -mama - parent company
~ mixta -joint venture
~ multinationals - multinational
corporation
~ necotata/nelistata - (bur.) unlisted
company
~ pe actiuni - joint-stock company;
{SUA) corporation
~ pentru acordarea de credite
consumatorilor/persoanelor fizice consumer finance company
~ publica - public company
~ radiata - defunct company
- -sora - (apartinand acehiiasi
holding) sister company
socioeconomic adj. socioeconomic
sociology, m. sociologist
sociologie s.f. sociology
socoteala s.f. 1. counting, calculation,
computation; account 2. (Jdcturd, nota
de plata) account, bill, check
soi s.n. 1. (fel) kind, sort; category,
grade; (calitate) quality 2. (specie)
species; (rasa) breed; (rasd de vite
ameliorata) grade
sol s.n. soil; land
~ arabil - tillable soil
~ fertil - rich/fertile soil
~ marginal (a cdrui productie este
egald cu investitiile /acute) marginal
land
sola s.f. crop in rotation
sold s.n. 1. (cont.) balance 2. {corn.)
surplus stock, residue; pi. sale/reduced
goods, job line/lot
~ al contului curent - current balance

322

~ al extrasului de cont - statement

balance
~ creditor - credit balance, balance
in/on hand
~ de beneficiu - profit balance
~ de casa - cash balance
~ de numerar pentru tranzactii transaction balance
~ de numerar preventiv - (numerar
pastrat pentru cheltuieli neprevdzute)
precautionary balance
~ debitor - debit balance, balance due
~ final - statement balance
~ inactiv - dormant balance
~ initial - opening balance
~ in banca - bank balance
- nedebursat - undisbursed balance
~ net - net balance
~ nul - nil balance
~ reportat - balance brought forward
-- speculativ - (sold de numerar
pastrat pentru a permite unei firme sd
profite de orice oportunitate)
speculative balance
solda v.t. 1. (un cont) to balance, to
settle 2. (mdrfuri) to clear, to sell off, to
close out
soldare s.f. 1. (a unui cont) balancing,
settlement 2. (de. mdrfuri) clearance,
clearing-out sale, closeout, bargain
sale; (de cdrti) remainder sale; (de
cupoane de stofa) remnant sale
~ la sfarsit de sezon - end-of-season
sale
solda s.f. (military) pay
solicita v.t. to solicit, to demand, to^
request, to require, to ask/to apply fy;
(despdgubiri) to claim; (voturi) /to canvass
for

SOL-SON

solicitant s.m. petitioner, applicant,

solicitant; (de despdgubiri, reclamant)
claimer, claimant
solicitare s.f. solicitation, demand, request,
requirement, application; (de despdgubiri)
claim; (de voturi) canvassing
~ de achitare a actiunilor - call on shares
solid adj. (sigur, solvabil; despre o firmd)
sound; (CM acoperire din punct de vedere
financiar) copper-bottomed solidar
adj.
joint;
(rdspunzdtor, pasibiT) liable adv.
jointly ~ si individual - (dr.) joint(ly) and
several(ly)
solidaritate
s.f.
(dr.)
joint
responsibility
solutiona v.t. to solve, to settle ~ un litigiu
pe cale amiabila - to settle a dispute
amicably
solvabil
adj.
solvent,
solvable,
trustworthy, sound, able to pay ~ pana la
suma de - safe for a credit of
solvabilitate
s.f.
solvency,
trustworthiness,
creditworthiness, paying
capacity
soma v.t. to summon; (un debitor) to call
on/upon
somatic s.f. summons, writ; (formald)
notice
/de evacuare - notice to quit de infatisare (la proces) summons to appear
~ de plata - notice to pay; (a unei rate.
scadente) call
somptuar adj. sumptuary sondaj s.n.
survey; (e^antionare) sampling ~ de opinie
- opinion poll

SON-SPE

a realiza un ~ de piata - to undertake

a survey/study of the market
sonda s.f. (oil) derrick; (foraj) well
~ de exploatare - development well
~ de explorare - test well/hole,
prospecting hole, wildcat well
~ de foraj - drill/bore hole
~ de gaze - gasser
~ de titei - oil well
sorta v.t. to sort, to assort; (dupa
mdrime, dimensiune) to size, to grade
sortabil adj. sortable
sortare s.f. sorting; (dupa mdrime,
dimensiune) sizing, grading
~ a marfurilor dupa marcile de pe
ambalaj - sorting by marks
~ a marfurilor la destinatie - sorting
by consignee
sortator.y.w. sorter
sortiment s.n. sort, assortment, range
(of goods/commodities)
~ de esantionare - variety of patterns
~ variat - varied selection lines
sosire s.f. arrival
~ cu incarcatura - (cu plinurile
consumate) (mar.} loaded arrival
~ in balast - (mar.} ballast arrival
~ in bune conditii - (a navei) safe
arrival
~ probabila - (a navei) expected
arrival
sosiri si plecari - (c.f.) arrivals and
departures; (mar.) arrivals and sailings
spargere s.f. 1. breaking, breakage 2.
(furt prin efractie) burglary,
housebreaking, burglarious attempt
spatiu s.n. space
~ comercial - (la parterul unei cladiri)
floor space; (de expunere a produselor
intr-un magazin) shelf space; (SUA)
commercial precint

323

~ de depozitare - storage space ~ de

descarcare/deversare - waste area
~ de incarcare - (mar.) cargo/loading space,
shipping room/space ~ de incarcare pe punte
- (mar.) deck-cargo space ~ de stivuire stowage space ~ deductibil - (spatiu impropriu
incdrcdrii de marfd) (mar.) deductible space
~ economic - economic space ~ frigorific refrigerating space ~ gol/necompletat - blank
~ liber/neincarcat - open space ' ~ locativ living space '- mort/nefolosit/pierdut - (prin
stivuire necorespunzdtoare) broken stowage,
lost/waste space ~ pentru marfuri - (pe navd)
cargo/ freight space
spatii nedestinate pasagerilor si marfurilor (mar.) noneaming spaces spalare s.f.
laundering, washing ~ de bani - money
laundering/washing ~ de obligatiuni (vdnzarea obliga-tiunilor guvernamentale cu
putin timp inainte de scadentd pentru a
evitaplata
impozitelor)
bondwashing
spargator s.m. (care comite flirt prin efractie)
burglar, housebreaker ~ de greva strikebreaker, blackleg, yellow labour
special adj. 1. special, particular 2. (despre
rata unei dobdnzi, care este diferitd de cele
practicate curent pe piata) off-market
specialist s.m. specialist, expert, consultant

324

~ compensator - (specialist in rezolvarea cererilor de despdgubire) (asig.)

adjuster
~ in analiza muncii -job analyst
~ in operatii de arbitraj arbitrageur
~ in sondaje de opinie - pollster
specialitate s.f. 1. (domeniu principal
de activitate) speciality 2. (produs
principal) special(i)ty
specializa v.t., v.r. {in) to specialize
(in)
specializare s.f. specialization
~ excesiva/ingusta - specialism
~ internationala a economiilor
nationale - international specialization of the
national economies specifica v.t. 1. to
specify, to particularize 2. (afixa data, pretui
etc.) to name 3. (a mentiona intr-un contract) to
set forth 4. (pe puncte) to itemize 5. (un cont) to
itemize, to detail specificatie s.f. 1.
specification 2. (lista) list
~ a conditiilor contractuale - the specification
of contract terms ~ a incarcaturii - freight note
~ de greutate - (in documentele de transport)
weight account/note ~ de lipsuri la predare (despre mar/a) list of shortage specificatii
standard - standard specifications
~ tehnice - technical specifications ~ tehnice
pentru protectia muncii -safety specifications
specimen s. n. specimen ~ de semnatura specimen of signature, autograph/sample
signature specula v.t. 1. (marfuri) to speculate
in 2. (a profita de) to profiteer by v.i. (la

SPE-SPE

bursd) to play the market, to stag, to

speculate on the stock exchange
~ a la baisse - (bur.) to speculate/to
operate for a fall, to go a bear
~ a la hausse - (bur.) to speculate/to
operate for a rise, to go a bull
~ asupra diferentelor de curs - (bur.)
to speculate in differences
speculant s.m. speculator, profiteer,
racketeer, wildcatter
~ a la baisse - (care mizeazd pe
scdderea cursiirilor) (bur.) bear
~ a la baisse cu acoperire - (care
detine suficiente actiuni pentru a-si
indeplini obligatiile, nefiind obligat sd
cumpere pe o piatd in crestere) (bur.)
covered bear
~ a la hausse - (care mizeazd pe
cresterea ciirsurilor) {bur.) bull
~ de bilete (la cinema, competitii
sportive) ticket tout
~ la bursa - player, stag, stock
adventurer
~ pe piata neagra - black marketeer
speculativ adj. speculative
speculatie s.f. speculation; (agiotaj)
agiotage
~ a la baisse - (bur.) bear speculation/
campaign/raid/tack
~ a la hausse - {bur.) bull speculation/
campaign
~ valutara bazata pe diferenta de
curs - switch deal/transaction
speculate de destabilizare a pietei (bur.) tampering with the market
specula s.f. speculation, profiteering,
open trade
speranta s.f. (asteptare) expectation,
expectancy
~ de viata - life expectancy

SPE-STA

~ medie de viata - average life

expectancy
speze s.f. pi. charges, expenses
~ bancare - banking charges
~ de depozitare - storing charges,
yardage
~ de inmagazinare - warehouse/
warehousing charges
~ de intretinere - maintenance
charges
~ de transport - transport charges
~ la destinatar - charges forward
~ restante - back charges
~ suplimentare - additional charges,
extras
spionaj s.n. espionage, spying
~ industrial - industrial espionage/
spying
spirala s.f. spiral
~ inflationista - inflationary spiral
~ salarii - preturi - wage-price spiral
sponsor s.m. sponsor
sponsoriza v.t. to sponsor
sponsorizare s.f. sponsorship
spor^.n. increment; increase
~ de fidelitate - senionty wages
~ de periclitate - bonus for special
risk, danger money
~ de salariu - wage increase
~ de salariu descrescand - tapered
salary increase
~ de salariu in treptc stepped salary
increase
~ de salariu pentru corelarea verilturilor cu evolutia indicelui costulul
vietii - cost-of-living bonus
~ de salami peiitru vecltiine in
serviciu - service increment
~ temporar - transitory increase
spori v.t. to increase, to step up

spot s.n. 1. (anunt publicitar la radio si

televiziune) spot announcement/ broadcast
2. (marfa disponibild/cu livrare imediata) spot
sprijin s.n. support; (ajutor) aid, assistance;
(recomandare) comfort;
(fmanciar) backing
stabil adj. stable, firm, standing; (de duratd)
durable, lasting; (permanent) permanent;
(despre preturi) fixed, steady
stabili v.t. 1. to set; to establish 2. (pretiil, data
etc.) to settle, to fix, to state; (o data, o sarcind)
to assign; (nn termen) to appoint; {reguli,
principii) to lay down 3. (titrul unui metal
pretios) to assay
~ cauza - to ascertain the cause of ~ conditii to stipulate conditions/ terms
~ daune - to assess/to lay damages ~ o ora - to
appoint an hour ~ ritmul de munca - to set the
pace stabilire s.f. 1. setting; (a pretului, a
datei) settlement, fixing; (a unei date, a unei
sarcini) assignment; (a unui termen)
appointment 2. (a titrului unui metal pretios)
assay
a costului de productie al produsului product costing ~ a nivelurilor de salarizare setting of wage levels ~ a obiectivelor - goal
setting
- a politicii - policy formation
~ a pretului - pricing
~ a pretului de cost - costing; (in
mtrcprifiderile profilai.e pe un singw
tip de mafia) sing!e (output) costing
- a pretuiui de cost marginal -marginal
costing

326

~ a pretului pe baza analizei produsului - product analysis pricing

~ a pretului vizand atingerea profitului propus - target return pricing
~ a preturilor - price determination
~ a preturilor prin concurenta competitive pricing
~ de preturi acaparatoare - (preturi
scdzute initial pentru eliminarea
concurenfei si instituirea monopolultii)
predatory pricing
~ de preturi comune - (jJentru a evita
concurenta) common pricing
~ de preturi diferentiate pe zone zone pricing
~ de preturi duble - (pe etichctd, eel
mat mare fund tdiat) (corn.) double
pricing
~ de tip par-impar a preturilor odd-even pricing
stabilitate s.f. stability; (pe piata
bursierd) doldrums
~ a preturilor - price stability
~ economica - economic stability
stabiliza v.t. to stabilize; (cursuri,
preturi) to peg; (fluctuatii, piata) to
steady
stabilizare s.f. stabilization; (de
cursuri, preturi) pegging
~ a monedei - currency stabilization
~ a preturilor - price stabilization
stabilizator s. m. {economic) stabilizer
stabilizatori automati - automatic
stabilizers
stagflatie s.f. (situatie caracterizatd
prin inflatie rapidd si prin lipsa de
crestere economica) stagflation
stagiar adj. of instruction, on probation
s.m. probationer, improver
stagiu s.n. \. (time of) probation 2. (de
muncu) length of service

STA-STA

a-si face stagiul - to be on probation stagna

v.i. (despre afaceri, activitdti economice) to
stagnate, to slacken stagnant adj. stagnant,
slack stagnare s.f. (economica, a afacerilor)
stagnation, stagnancy, slackness;
(inactivitate a pietei) dullness; (crizd
economica) depression ~ a afacerilor - slack
business/time ~ a comertului stagnation/ suspension of trade
~ plus inflatie - (stagflatie) stagflation stalii
s.f. pi. (zile afectate pentru mcdr-careadescdrcarea unei nave comer-dale) laydays,
laytime, lay/ laying/ ship's days
~ contractuale - fixed laydays ~ de incarcare
fixe - loading days ~ ireversibile - irreversible
laydays ~ reversibile - reversible laydays
stand s.n. stall, stand ~ ambulant - fly pitch ~
de carti - bookstall, bookstand ~ expozitional
- exhibition stand standard adj. standard; (fdrd
comandd speciald; despre un produs) off-the-shelfj'.n. standard ~ de stat - state standard ~
de viata - living standard; (SUA) level of living
standarde contabile - accounting standards
~ de credit - credit standards ~ nationale national standards ~ publicitare - (ansamblu
de norme etice si legale) advertising standards
~ tehnice - engineering standards ~ universale
de intretinere - universal maintenance
standards standardiza v.t. to standardize
standai-dizare s.f. standardization

STA-STA

~ a activitatii -job standardization ~

industrials - industrial standardization
stare s.f. 1. state, condition 2. (situatie sociala)
social
standing,
status
~
a
caricului/incarcaturii - condition of cargo
~ a continutului necunoscuta -(despre o
mar/a ambalata) condition of contents
unknown
~ avariata - (a mdrfii, a navei etc.) damaged
condition
~ buna - (a mdrfurilor} sound condition
~ civila - civil status
~ de incarcare completa - (a navei) full-load
condition
~ de incarcare la jumatate din capacitate - (a
navei) half-cargo condition
~ de navigabilitate - (a unei nave maritime,
fluviale) seaworthiness; (a unei aeronave)
airworthiness ~ de suspendare - (dr.) abeyance
~ exterioara - {a mdrfii incdrcate) outer
condition
~ necorespunzatoare de navigabilitate (a
unei nave maritime, fluviale) unseaworthiness;
{a unei aeronave) unairworthiness
~ perfecta - prime condition ~ si conditie
aparent bune - {despre mdrfurile incdrcate pe
nave) apparent good order and condition
stats.n. 1. state 2. list ~ corporatist - corporate
state ~ cu marina comerciala dezvoltata (care face transporturi pentru alte tdri) carrier
nation

327

"- de functii/personal - staffing schedule,

personal establishment;
(SUA) tables of organization
~ de salarii - payroll, paylist, wages
sheet
~ de serviciu - record of service
~ major - general staff; headquarters
statui bunastarii - the welfare state
~ - providenta - the providential state
statistic adj. statistic(al) adv.
statistically
statistics s.f. statistics
~ a grupelor de activitati - job
classification statistics
~ a sperantei de viata - life tables
~ comerciala - trade statistics
~ comparata - comparative statistics
~ demografica - vital statistics
~ economica - economic statistics
statistician s.m. statistician; (/a o
societate de asigurdri) actuary
status s.n. (stare/conditie sociala)
status
statut s.n. statute; rules, regulations;
(al unei societdti) articles of
association
statutar adj. statutory
static s.f. 1. station 2. (c.f.) (railway)
station; (finala) terminus, terminal
station; (de tramvai, autobuz) stop,
stage; (de taxiuri) taxi rank
~ de benzina - petrol-filling station
~ de destinatie - station of destination
~ de emisie - transmitting station,
transmitter
~ de marfuri - (c.f.) goods station
~ de radio - wireless/radio station
~ de triaj - (c.f) shunting/spotting
station, (railway) yard
~ meteorologica - weather base/station
~ -nod - (c.f.) (railway) junction

328

statiune s.f. 1, station 2. (climaterica)

resort

~ agricola - agricultural station

~ balneara - spa, watering place
~ de litoral/maritima - seaside/
bathing resort
~ de iarna - winter resort
~ de odihna/climaterica - holiday/
health resort
~ experimentala - experimental
station
stapani v.t. (a poseda. a define) to
own, to possess, to hold
stanjen s.m. (imitate de mdsur a pentru
lungime} fathom
stelaj s.n. 1. {pentru mar/a) rack(ing).
rack stack 2. (pptiune dubid care da
drept deopotrivd de cumpdrare si
vdnzare) (bur.) straddle, double/put-and-call option
~ mobil/demontabil - movable/
shifting rack
sticlar s.m. 1. glass blower 2. (vdnzdtor) dealer in glass 3. (geamgiu)
glazier
sticlarie s.f. 1. (fabricd) glass
manufactory/house/works 2. (fabricare) manufacture of glass 3. (articole)
glassware
stil s.n. style; (mod) manner, way
~ de conducere - management style
~ de viata (corespunzdtor unui
anumit segment de piata) life style
stimula v.t. to stimulate, to dynamize,
to push forward; (afacerile) to give a
stimulus/fillip to
stimulativ adj. incentive
stimulent s.n. stimulus, fillip;
(cointeresare materiald) incentive
stimulente acordate pe grupe/echipe
- group incentives

STA-STI

~ pentru export - export incentives ~

pentru vanzari - (pferite agentuliii de
vdnzdri) sales incentives ~ salariale - wage
incentives stinge v.t. 1. (o datorie) to
extinguish, to pay off, to liquidate; (a
amortiza tin impriimut) to sink; (o ipoteca)
to redeem; (o obligatie) to terminate 2. (a
anula) to annul, to cancel; (un proces, o
actiune) to extinguish, to quash stingere
s.f. 1. (a unei datorii) extinction,
liquidation, quittance;
(amortizare) sinking; (a unei ipoteci)
redemption; (a unei obligatu)
termination 2. (anulare) annullment,
cancellation; (a unui proces, a unei
actiuni) extinction
~ a datoriei nationale - extinction of
the national debt
stipendiu s.n. stipend
stipula v.t. to stipulate, to provide
(that/for), to condition, to covenant
stipulatie s.f. stipulation, provision,
condition
stiva s.f. (de mar/a) stack, tier; pile
stivui v.t. to stack; (pe randuri/siruri)

to tier; to pile up; (mar.) to stow, to

stevedore
~ in magazie - (in magazia navel) to
stow down/the hold
stivuire s.f. stacking; (pe randuri/
siruri) tiering; (manipulari maritime)
stowage, stowing, stevedoring
~ a sacilor m picioare - pitching up
~ compacta - firm/tight stowage
~ corecta - correct/good/proper/sound
stowage

~ defectuoasa/incorecta/ necorespunzatoare - bad/faulty/ improper stowage

~ in cala/magazia inferioara - deep
stowage

ST1-STR

~ pe punte - deck stowage

~ transversala - (pe Idtimea magaziei)
athwartships stowage
stivuitor 1. stacker; (mar.) stevedore,
stower 2. (utilaj) stacker, lift; industrial
truck
~ cu furca - fork-lift (stacker)
~ cu platforma de ridicare - platform
truck lift
~ de paleti - pallet stacker
~ pe verticals - vertical stacker
stoarcere s.f. squeeze
~ a profitului - profit squeeze
stoc s.n. stock, stockpile, store, hoard,
supply; (rezerva) reserve
~ ciclic - cycle stock
~ de capital - capital stock
~ de materiale - inventory
~ de marfuri - stock-in-trade, goods in
stock, trading stock
~ de marfuri diverse - varied stock
~ de produse finite - finished goods
inventory
~ de rezerva - reserve stock
~ disponibil - stock/supply on hand
~ excedentar/supranormativ
overstock
~ insuficient - low stock
~ la inventariere - (cont.) closing
stock
~ nevandabil - deadstock
~ nevandut - remainder, returns
~ - tampon/de siguranta - (stoc
suplimentar pdstrat ca rezerva in caz
de intdrziere a productiei, a Uvrdrilor
etc.) buffer/safety stock, protective
inventory
stoca v.t. to stock, to stockpile, to store,
to get in, to hoard
strada s.f. street
~ comerciala - shopping street

329

strategic adj. strategic

strategic s.f. strategy
~ a dezvoltarii - development strategy
~ a diferentierii produsului - product
differentiation strategy
~ a segmentarii pietei - market
segmentation strategy
~ a urmaritorului - {care o copiazd
pe cea a companiilor-lider) (man.)
follower strategy
~ alternativa/de inaintari si retrageri
- push-and-pull strategy
~ comunicationala - (metode prin
care comerciantii realizeazd comunicarea cu pietele lor) communication
strategy
corporativa/a corporatiei
corporate strategy
~ de achizitii - acquisition strategy ~ de
afaceri business strategy ~ de
dezvoltare a unui produs -product
development
- de finantare a creditelor cu depozite care au aceeasi scadenta - funds
matching
~ de lupta impotriva concurentei competitive strategy
~ de nisa - (pentrn abordarea unui
segment mic de piata) niche strategy
~ de penetrare - (a unei piete)
penetration strategy
~ de produs - product strategy
~ de promovare - (a unui produs)
promotion strategy
~ de recoltare - (obtinerea profitului
pe termen scurt rezultat din comercializarea unui produs, inaintea retragerii
acestuia de pe piata) harvesting
strategy
~ economica - economic strategy

STR-STU

strain adj. (din altd tara) foreign, alien

s.m. foreigner
strange v.t. 1. (a adund) to gather (up),
to amass, to hoard; (recolta) to harvest,
to gather/to get in, to reap 2. (a
economist} to lay/to put by 3. (a
percepe impozite) to levy, to collect, to
raise
~ bani - to make one's fortune
structural adj. structural
structure s.f. structure; pattern
~ a activelor - (fin.) asset structure
~ a capitalului - capital structure
~ a comertului exterior - foreign
trade pattern
~ a costului - cost structure
~ a creditului - credit structure
~ a economiei nationale - national
economy pattern
~ a flotei de transport - shipping
pattern
~ a personalului - staff pattern
~ a pietei - market structure
~ a preturilor - price structure/pattern
~ a ratelor dobanzii in functie de
scadenta - {raportui dintre randamentele si maturitdtile titlurilor de
valoare) term structure of interest rates
~ a unei ramuri industriale - industry
structure
~ a valorii de inventar - (ponderea
componentelor capitalului in valoarea
lui totald conform costului sdu istoric)
(cont.) book value weights
~ a varstei - (angajatilor dintr-o
firmd, un sector industrial etc.) age
profile
~ bancara - (distributia bdncilor care
opereazd pe o anumitd piatd in functie
de numdr, amplasare si dimensiune)
banking structure

~ de finantare/financiara - financial
structure
~ functionala - (man.) functional
structure
~ ierarhica - (man.) hierarchical
structure
~ organizationala - (man.)
organizational structure
~ piramidala/ierarhica - (man.)
pyramiding structure
studiu s.n. study; analysis, survey,
examination; research
~ al amplasarii uzinei - plant layout
study
~ al metodelor - (pentru obtinerea
unei eficiente sporite si reducerea
costurilor) methods study
~ al miscarilor - (pentru obtinerea
randamentului maxim cu efort minim in
procesul muncii) motion study
~ al preferintelor - (consumatorilor)
habit survey
~ al timpului de munca - time study
~ de audienta - (a emisiunilor de
radio si televiziune) audience research
~ de caz - (man.) case study
~ de dezvoltare - development study
~ de fezabilitate - feasibility study'
survey
~ de marketing - marketing research
~ de mediu - (analiza mediului
economic pentru identificarea oportunitdtilor de marketing) environmental
scanning
~ de piata - market research/survey
~ de proiect - planning and design
work
~ de timp si miscare - (sistem de
masurare a vitezei fi a eficientei cu
care lucreazd un muncitor) time and
motion study

STU-SUB

~ pe model - model analysis

~ -pilot - pilot study
~ privind reactia consumatorilor consumer survey
~ sindicalizat - {studiu de piatd de
mare amploare efectuat independent de
o firmd specializatd si oferit spre
vdnzare) syndicated research
~ tehnic - technical study
~ urbanistic/de sistematizare planning survey
sub prep. under
~ linie - (termen contabil care se
referd la acele articole ale contului de
profit si pierderi ce se inscriu sub cifra
profitului net; parte a bugetului de
marketing pe care compania o cheltuieste pentru toate activitdtile promotionale, cu exceptia publicitdtii in mass
media) below the line
~ palanc (formula dintr-un conosament care aratd cd responsabilitatea
armatorului fata de caric inceteazd
cdnd incdrcdtura poate fi descdrcata)
{mar.) under ship's derrick, sotto
palanco
~ paritate/valoarea nominala (despre actiuni) {bur.') below par. sub
part
~ rezerva aprobarii - subject to
approval
~ rezerva celor aratate mai sus subject to the foregoing
~ rezerva modificarilor - subject to
alteration
subaltern adj. subordinate s.m.
subaltern, underling
subantreprenor s.m. subcontractor
subaprecia v.t. to undervalue
subarenda v.i. to sublease, to sublet, to
underlease, to underlet

331

subarendare s.f. sublease, subleasing,

subletting, underlease, subtenancy,
undertenancy, derivative lease subarendas
s.m.
sublessee, underlessee, subtenant,
undertenant subarmator s.m. chartered
contractor subasigura v.t. to underinsure
subcapitalizat adj. undercapitalized
subchiria s.m. sublessee, underlessee,
subtenant, undertenant subcomisie s.f.
subcommission subcomitet^-./i. subcommittee
subconsum^./i. underconsumption subcont
s.n. (cont.) subaccount, subsidiary account
subcontract 5'. n. subcontract subcontracta
v.t. to subcontract subcontractant^.m.
subcontractor subdezvoltare s.f.
underdevelopment subdezvoltat adj.
underdeveloped subestima v.t. to
underestimate; to underquote; to underrate
subevalua v.t. to undervalue, to underestimate;
to underquote; to underrate; (/i activ) (cont.)
to write down
subfurnizor^./H. subcontractor subipoteca
s.f. submortgage subincarca v.t. to underload
subinchiria v.t. to underlease, to underlet, to
sublease, to sublet submchiriere s.f
underlease, sublease, subleasing, subletting,
undertenancy, subtenancy, derivative lease
subnavlosi v.t. {mar.) to underfreight, to
subcharter, to recharter subnavlositor^.w.
(mar.) subcharterer subproductie s.f.
underproduction subroga v.t. (dr.) to subrogate
subscrie v.i. (a semnu) to sign, to undersign, to
underwrite v.i. [a coliza.

332

a aduce o contribute bdneascd) to subscribe;

{la o emisiune de titluri de valoare) to
underwrite subscriere
s.f.
subscription;
underwriting
~ a unei cote-parti - quota subscription
~ excedentara - oversubscription ~ la actiuni application for shares ~ multipla (la actiuni
folosind nume false) (bur.) multiple application
subscriitor s.m. (/a o emisiune de titluri de
valoare) underwriter subscriptie s.f.
subscription subscris adj. subscribed;
underwritten ~ integral (despre o emisiune
de titluri de valoare} fully underwritten subsetretard./?!, undersecretary subsidiu5\M.
subsidy subsoil, n. subsoil
substanta s.f. substance; matter, material
~ daunatoare - harmful substance ~
inflamabila - inflammable substance ~
otravitoare - poisonous matter ~ radioactiva radioactive matter/ substance
substitute s.f. substitution ~ a factorilor de
productie - (feno-menul de inlocuire a unei
cantitdti dimr-un factor de productie en o
caiiti'ate delerminatd dintr-un alt factor de
productie, m conditiile in rcfe \olumul
productie' rdnidne neschimbat) substitution of
factors of productiosi
a importuSui - {incercarea unei tan dc a
reduce imoonuriie. incurajdnd dczvoliarea
mduslriilor interne} import substitution
substitut s.m. substitute

SUB-SUB

substituti ai banilor - substitute money

suburban adj. suburban suburbaniza v.t. (a
extinde zona suburband) to suburbanize
suburbie s.f. suburb subutilizare s.f.
underemployment ~ a fortei de munca
underemployment of labour force subventie s.f.
subvention, subsidy, grant; {pentru stimularea
industriei, a comertului, a agriculturii etc.)
bounty;
grant-in-aid
~ de navigatie {acordatd de stat unor
companii) navigation bounty/subsidy ~ de stat
- public/government subsidy, state grant, grantin-aid ~ incrucisata (subventionarea unui
produs din veniturile generate de un alt
produs) cross subsidy ~ la export - export
bounty/subsidy subventii agricole - farm
subsidies ~ de exploatare - operating subsidies
~ in amonte - (subventii acordate furnizorului
de materie primd pentru un produs) upstream
subsidies ~ nationale - (acordate de stat pentru
un produs, o intreprindere sail un sector
economic) domestic subsidies ~ pentru
investitii (acordate de stat) investment
subsidies subventiona v.t. to subsidize, to
grant;
{preturile prin interventia statului) to valorize
subventionare s.f subsidy, grant. support
~ a preturilor -- price support
subventionat adi. subsidized
- de stat - state-/graiit-aided, state-p.tid

SUB-SUM

subzistenta s.f. subsistence, basic

needs; (intretinere, mijioace de trai)
livelihood, sustenance
succeda v. i. (la) to succeed (to)
succes s.n. success; (neasteptat)
bonanza
~ de casa - (al unui film, al unui spectacol) box-office success
a avea ~ - (despre o mar/a) to take on

a nu avea ~ - to be/to prove a failure,

to fail
succesiune s.f. 1. succession; series
2. (dr.) succession, inheritance,
hereditament
~ a porturilor - (la mcdrcarea sail la
descdrcare) order of ports
~ ab intestat - (dr.) intestate

succession, intestacy
~ testata - (dr.) testate succession
succesoare s.f. (dr.) heiress
succesor s.m. 1. successor 2. (dr.)
successor, heir, inheritor; (legatar)
devisee
~ prezumptiv - heir presumptive
~ subsecvent - remainderman
~ testamentar - heir testamentary,
devisee
succesoral adj. successional,
inheritable
sucursala s.f. branch; subsidiary
(company)
~ bancara - branch bank
sudatie s.f. (umiditate in magaziile
navel produsd de condensarea vaporilor emanati de diverse mdrfuri)
(mar.) sweat, sweating, condensed
moisture
~ a marfii - cargo sweat
suferi v.t. (pierderi, pagube) to incur,
to suffer, to sustain
~ avarii - to sustain damages

333

sumar s.n. abstract, summary

~ al articolelor - (unui contract)
memorandum
suma s.f. sum, amount
~ a creditului - (la care se calculeazd
dobdndd) principal
~ asigurata - sum insured
~ bruta - gross amount
~ ce urmeaza a fi investita - amount
to be invested
~ cumulata a anuitatii - accumulate
amount of annuity
~ datorata - sum due
~ de bani in casa - (pentru a avea
rest) cash/till float
~ de completare - odd money
~ de plata - sum payable; (rubrica de
pe un document de platd standardizat
pentru citire electronicd) convenience
amount
~ debitoare - debit amount
~ declarata/specificata - amount
stated
~ delapidata - embezzlement
~ determinata - specific amount
~ evaluata - estimate
~ facturata - invoice amount
~ globala/forfetara - lump/inclusive
sum
~ in litere - sum in words/at length
~ incasata - (dintr-o vdnzare, afacere)

proceeds
~ maxima a tranzactiilor autorizate activity limit
~ maxima care poate fi retrasa - (de
un client din bancomat, intr-o anumitd
perioada) cash limit
~ minima a datoriei pentru care se
poate declara falimentui - bankruptcy
level

334

~ minima din depozit - (care trebuie sd

rdmdnd in depozitui bancar pentru ca
acesta sa nil fie desfiintat) maintenance
margin
~ nedeterminata - uncertain amount ~
nominala - face amount ~ nula - (set de
tranzactii in care profiturile cdstigatorilor
sunt egale cu pierderile needs tigdtorilor)
(fin.) zero sum
~ oferita - (la licitatie) bid ~ partiala subtotal ~ platita - amount paid out ~
principala/totala - (care este platita in caz
de moarte accidentals sail alte accidente
majore)
(asig.)
principal
sum
~
rambursabila - amount repayable ~
reportata - (report) (cont.) amount
brought/carried forward ~ rotunda - even
money ~ subscrisa - amount subscribed ~
totala - total amount, sum total ~ totala a
cheltuielilor - total expenses
sume care nu pot fi incasate -uncollectable
receivables ~ care pot fi imprumutate
numai la dobanzi foarte mari deadmoney ~ de incasat - receivables ~
debitoare in tranzit spre band -bank float
~ flotante - (cecuri aflate in procesul de
transfer de la o bancd la alto) float ~
incasate - takings
a fi sub suma prevazuta - to fall short of
the amount
sumisionar s.m. (persoand care se
angajeazd in scris sd respecte clauzele
fixate) (dr.) tenderer superior adj. 1. (de
calitate supe-- rioard) of superior/the
highest quality,

SUM-SUP

high-grade 2. (in functie, in grad)

senior s. in. superior; chief
supermarket s.n. supermarket; (in
special la periferia unui oras)
hypermarket
supliment^.m. supplement, addition
~ de bilet - (c.f.) excess fare
~ de plata - extra/additional payment
~ de pret - extra charge
~ la greutate A makeweight
~ pentru diferenta de clasa - (c.f.)
excess ticket
suplimenta v.t. to supplement
suplimentar adj. supplementary,
additional, extra
suporta v.t. (cheltideli) to bear
supraasigura v.t. to overinsure
suprabugetar adj. extraordinary, not
included in the budget
supracapitaliza v.t. to overcapitalize
supradimensionat adj. outsized
supraemisiune s.f. (de actiuni)
overissue
supraestima v.t. to overestimate, to
overvalue
supraevalua v.t. to overvalue, to
overestimate, to overrate; (nn activ)
(cont.) to write up; (capitalul unei
societdti prin emiterea unui numdr
prea mare de actiuni in raport cu o
politico financiard judicioasd sau cu
activele nete ale companiei respective)
to overcapitalize
supraextins adj. (despre o afacere
care nileazd si produce mult mat multi
bani deceit valoarea activelor curente)
overextended
suprafata s.f. surface, area; (calculatd
in acri) acreage
- de lucru - work area

SUP-SUR

~ inchiriabila a unei cladiri - net

rentable area
~ utila a depozitului - warehouse
floorage
supragreutate s.f. overweight
supraimpozita v.t. to overtax
supraimpunere s.f. supplementary
taxation
~ fiscala - tax surcharge
supraincarca v.t. 1. (un vehicul) to
overload, to overburden 2. (un pret) to
overcharge 3. (muncitori) to overwork
supralicita v.t. to overbid, to outbid, to
bid over
supralicitant s.m. overbidder,
outbidder
supralicitatie s.f. overbid, higher bid
supranavlu s.n. (mar.) overfreight
supranumerar
adj.,
s.n.
supernumerary
supraoferta s.f. better offer;
oversupply; (supralicitatie) overbid,
higher bid
suprapret s.n. overcharge, excess
price; black market price
supraproductie s.f. overproduction,
surplus production
supraprofit s.n. superprofit, excess/
surplus profit
suprasarcina s.f. overload
suprastoc^-./i. overstock
suprastoca v.t. to overstock
suprasubscriere s.f. oversubscription
suprataxa v.t. to surtax, to supertax, to
surcharge
suprataxa s.f. surtax, supertax, extra
tax, surcharge
~ de import - import surcharge
~ de pavilion - (mar.) alien duty, flag
surtax

335

~ postala/de francare - additional postage

supraveghea v.t. to supervise, to oversee,
to superintend; to control supraveghere
s.f. supervision; control ~ a bancilor supervision of banks supraveghetor s.m.
supervisor, overseer, superintendent;
(intr-un magazin universal) shopwalker
suprematie s.f. (pepiata) supremacy supus
adj. (la) subject/liable (to)
deteriorarii - subject to
deterioration, liable to damage ~
restrictiilor - subject to restrictions ~
taxelor vamale/vamuirii -customable,
dutiable
surogat^.^. substitute, succedaneum
surplus s.n. surplus, overplus, excess;
(de greutate) overbalance
~ al consumatorului/cumparatorului
- (termen care exprimd satisfactia
suplimentard pe care achizitiile succesive ale unui bun, la un pret dat. Ie
procurd unui individ; forma de surplus
pe care il obtine participantui consumator la schimb) consumer's/ buyer's
surplus
~ al producatorului - (diferenta dintre
ceea ce producdtorul primeste si ceea
ce cheltuieste) producer's surplus
~ de bord liber - (mar.) excess of
freeboard
~ de greutate - excess weight
~ de lichiditati - excess liquidity
~ de rezerve (rezerve depuse de o
bancd la banca centrald peste nivelul
rezervelor minime obligatorii) excess
reserves

~ de salariati redundancy of
employees
~ de taxe vamale - overentry

SL'R-SWA

~ impozabil - taxable surplus sursa

s.f. source
~ de aprovizionare - source of supply surse $i
utilizari ale fondurilor (cont.) sources and uses of funds sursarj s.n.
(pe un timbni) surcharge surarja v.t. (un
timbni) to surcharge sus-mentionat adj. abovementioned sus-numit adj. above-named/ mentioned, aforesaid
suspenda v.t. (plati, livrdri) to suspend, to
stop; (un functionar) to suspend; (o sedintd) to
adjourn; (un acord) to terminate suspendare
s.f. 1. (a platilor, a livrd-rilor) suspension; (a
unui functionar) suspension;
(a
unei
sedinte) adjournment;
(a
unui
acord)
termination 2. (a unor actiuni de pe lista de
cotatii) (bur.) delisting sustrage v.t. to purloin,
to take away;
to steal, to pilfer v.r. (de la indeplinirea
obligatiilor, plata impozitelor etc.) to
evade; to avoid; to elude
sustragere s.f. '1. purloining; theft,
pilferage 2. (de la indeplinirea
obligatiilor, plata impozitelor etc.)
evasion; avoidance; elusion
~ din marfa transportata - pilfering
of cargo
sustinator s.m. 1. supporter, sustainer;
(din punct de vedere financiar) backer;
(al unei piete) marketeer; (de idei, opinii)
upholder 2. (al familiei) breadwinner

sustine v.t. 1. to support; (o

candidaturd, o opinie etc.) to back, to
second, to endorse; (o rezolutie) to
second; (idei, opinii) to advocate, to
uphold; (financiar) to back; (piata,
preturile) to peg; (a promova un plan)
to forward; (intens un produs, o marcd
etc.} to boost 2. (a afirma) to affirm, to
assert
suveranitate s.f. sovereignty
~ a consumatorilor (alocarea resurselor, intr-o economic liherd, infunctie
de preferintele consumatorilor)
consumer's sovereignty
swap s.n. (swap valutar, tranzactie
valutard m care platile se bazeazd pe
rate fixe ale dobanzilor pentru fiecare
valuta, asemdndtoare cu tranzactiile la
vedere si la termen; swap al ratelor
dobdnzii, tranzactie prin care se
schimbd fluxuri de plati ale dobdnzii cu
caracter diferit, bazatd insd pe o
valoare stabild a sumei initiale; swap
de datorii, adicd cesiune temporard
sail conversie a datoriilor in actiuni
sail alte titluri de participare) swap
~ al ratelor dobanzii - interest rate
swap
~ de datorii/capital imprumutat
contra capitalul propriu - debt equity
swap
~ de obligatii - liability swap
~ de valute - currency swap

$
salupa s.f. boat, motorboat
~ vamala - revenue cutter
Sansa s.f. chance
sanse egale - equal opportunities
santaj s.n. blackmail
santaja v.t. to blackmail
santier s.n. site; development
~ de constructie - construction/
building site
~ de dezmembrare a nayelor vechi breaker's yard
~ naval - shipyard, dockyard,
(shipbuilding) yard
~ naval de reparatii - repair dockyard
santiere si uzine navale - shipbuilding
facilities
sarpe s.m. (sarpe monetar, principiul
,,sarpelui in tunel" adoptat de CEE
pentru a controla fluctuatule zilnice ale
valntelor tdrilor-membre fata de dolar)
(fin.) snake
scoala s.f. school
~ comerciala - commercial/trade
school
~ profesionala/de meserii
professional/vocational/industrial/
training/trade school
~ subventionata prin donatii foundation school
sedinta s.f sitting, meeting; {dr.)
(court) session
~ a consiliului de administratie board meeting
~ de consiliu - council board
~ -fulger - informal think-in
~ publica - open meeting
a fi in ~ - to sit, to be sitting

sef s.m. chief, head; boss; (director)

manager; (superior) superior;
(conducdtor) leader
~ al contenciosului - solicitor general
~ al departamentului de publicitate advertising manager
~ al serviciului de personal personnel manager; (membra in consiliul de administratie} worker director
~ al serviciului de vanzari - sales
manager
~ al serviciului financiar - paymaster
general
~ de atelier - shop foreman
~ de birou - chief/head/senior clerk
~ de cabinet - (minister's) principal
private secretary
~ de catedra - head of chair/
department
~ de echipa - first-line manager;
leading hand; (de docheri) foreman; (in
magazie) (mar.) hatch foreman
~ de fila - (banca ,,sef de fild"
reprezintd sindicatiil bancar care
acordd credite, fiind insarcinatd cu
negocierile si derularea operatiunilor)

lead manager
~ de gara/statie - station manager,
yardmaster
~ de oficiu portuar - port warden
~ de raion (intr-un magazin
universal) floorwalker, shopwalker
~ de retea (eel mai puternic membru
al unei retele de distributie) channel
captain
~ de serviciu - head of service,
departmental manager

338

~ de santier - clerk of (the) works,

superintendent of work
~ de triaj/manevra - yardmaster
~ de zona - (de vdnzdri) area manager
senal^./!. channel, fairway, pass
~ navigabil - navigation channel
septel ,s'./!. livestock
si con/', and
~ compania - and company
~ cu capital redus - (cuvinte care
apar dupd numele unei companii care,
prin reorganizare, si-a redus capitalul)
and reduced
sir s.n. row, line; succession, chain;
(serie) series
~ de andosari - chain of endorsements
slefuire s.f. abrasion
~ a monedei (ca urmare a
circulatiei, rezultdnd o diminuare a
greutdtii) abrasion of coin
slep s.n. barge, lighter
~ de buncherare - bunkering barge;
(cu combustibil lichid) oil-fuel lighter
~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting/
coastwise barge
~ de canal - canal barge
~ de carbuni - coal barge; (pe fluvhi)
keel
~ de depoluare - skimming barge; oil
recovery barge
~ de marfa - cargo barge
~ de transport - barge carrier
~ fluvial - river barge
~ frigorific - refrigerated barge
~ maritim - seagoing barge
~ pentru busteni - log barge
~ pentru cereale - grain cargo barge
~ pentru cherestea - lumber/timber
barge
~ pentru ciment - cement barge

EF-$OM

~ pentru marfuri generale - general

cargo barge
~ pentru minereu - ore barge
~ portuar - harbour/utility barge
~ -tanc - tank(barge)
~ -tanc petrolier - barge tank
slepar s.m. bargee, barger, bargeman,
lighterman
soma v.;. to be unemployed, to be on
the dole, to be out of work/job;
(partial) to work (on) short hours
somaj s.n. unemployment
~ ascuns/mascat - hidden
unemployment
~ ciclic - cyclical unemployment
~ de inadaptare - (omaj cauzat de
imposibilitatea unei parti a populatiei
active, denumitd tehnofobd, de a se
adapta tehnicilor fi metodelor avansate de lucrii} frictional unemployment
~ involuntar - (sau keynesian, derivat
din dezechilibrul cerere-ofertd, cu
consecinte negative pe piata muncii)
involuntary unemployment
~ partial - underemployment, half
time, short hours
~ rezidual (fomaj care afecteazd
forta de mimed cu eficientd scdzutd,
necalificatd, fdrd motivatie) residual
unemployment
~ sezonier - seasonal unemployment
~ structural - (datorat structurii
economics, formelor de proprietate,
amplasdrii geografice etc.) structural
unemployment
~ tehnic - (determinat de intreruperea
activitdtii unei firme, de obicei pe o
perioadd determinatd, din lipsa
comenzilor) technical unemployment

OM-TI

~ tehnologic - (cauzat de inlocuirea

vechilor tehnici si tehnologii cu altele

noi) technological unemployment

~ temporar/intermediar - (pdnd la
gdsirea unui post) search
unemployment
~ voluntar - voluntary unemployment
omer adj. unemployed, out-of-work/place s.m. unemployed worker;
pi. the unemployed ~ partial - worker on
short hours, part-time worker
$osea s.f. highway, (high) road
~ cu taxa - toll road
~ locala - local/country road, by-road
~ nationala - state highway
tampila v.t. to stamp; (scrisori) to
postmark
339

tampila s.f. stamp; (sigiliu) signet,

seal
~ a firmei - company/corporate/
common seal
~ ,,cantarit" - weight stamp
~ cu data - date stamp
~ cu semnatura - signature stamp
~ de cauciuc - rubber stamp
~ de control/garantie - inspection
stamp
~ de numar curent - numbering
stamp/machine
~ potala - postmark
~ ,,primit" - received stamp
$tanta s.f. (pentru bdtut monede) stamp
terge v.t. {a deteriora fata unei
bancnote, a unui cec etc.) to deface
$tiinta s.f. science
tiinte economice - economics

T
tabel s.n. table, schedule, chart; (lista)
list
~ centralizat - summarized table
~ de conversie/transformari - (pentru
unitdti de mdsurd apartindnd unor
sisteme diferite) conversion table
~ de masuri si greutati - table of
weights and measures
~ de procente ale dobanzilor - table
of interest
~ tarifar - tariff schedule
tablou s.n. 1. (tabel) table, chart 2. (de
comanda) board, panel
~ al conturilor - (din cartea mare)
(cont.) chart of accounts
~ de comanda - control panel
~ de distribute - switchboard
tabula v.t. to tabulate, to tabularize
tabular adj. tabular
tabulare s.f. tabulation
~ fhiala/recapitulativa - master
tabulation
~ incrucisata - cross tabulation
tabulator s.n. tabulator, tabulating
machine
talie s.f. (corn.) size
talon s.n. 1. coupon; (de chitantd, cec
etc.) counterfoil, stub 2. (anexat la o
obligatiune la purtdtor si care conferd
dreptui la o noud foaie de cupoane
cdnd acestea au fost utilizate) talon,
renewal coupon
~ de asigurare - insurance note/slip
~ valeric gratuit - (oferit de un
magazin, cu care se pot achizitiona
unele articole) gift coupon/token/
voucher/certificate

tanc s.n. 1. (rezervor) tank 2. (petrolier) (oil) tanker, oil-carrying ship/

vessel, petroleum carrier/ship/ tanker,
tank ship/vessel, bulk-oil carrier
tantiema s.f. emolument; share,
percentage
taraba s.f. booth; (in piata) market
stall
tara s.f. (greutatea ambalajuhu) tare
(weight)
~ admisa - (pentru calcularea tarei
mtregii partide de mdrfuri) received
tare
~ comuna - mean tare
~ conform tarifului vamal - (SUA)
schedule tare
~ conform uzantei - use tare
~ efectiva/reala - (greutatea reald a
ambalajuhu') actual/clear/real tare
~ estimata - estimated tare
~ legala/vamala - customs/legal tare,
tare assumed by the customs
~ medie - average tare
-~ normala - normal tare
~ standard - custom-built container
~ suplimentara - supertare
~ uzuala - customary tare
a calcula tara - to tare
tarif s.n. tariff, rate; price list,
schedule; scale
~ casnic - domestic rate
~ compus/mixt - (combinatie intre
taxa ad valorem si o taxd vamald
specified) compound/two-part tariff
~ curent - going rate

TAR-TAX

~ de asigurare - rate of insurance,

insurance tariff; (mar.) underwriting
rate
~ de baza - basis rate
~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel rate
~ de comision - scale of commission
~ de curtaj/brokeraj - commission
rate
~ de inchiriere a utilajelor - plant
hire rate
~ de navlu - (mar.) charter rate
~ de navlu cartelat - (mar.)
conference rate
~ de navlu necartelat - (mar.)
nonconference rate
~ de noapte - night charge
~ de tranzit - transit tariff
~ de zi - time-of-day tariff
~ diferential - differential/graduated
tariff
~ feroviar - railway rate
~ fiscal - revenue tariff
~ forfetar - restricted tariff
~ intern - inland rate
~ in vigoare - tariff in force
~ intreg/fara reducere - full rate
~ maximal - maximum tariff
~ mobil - sliding scale tariff
~ neuniform - open rate
~ pe mila - mileage
~ pentru calatori - passenger rate
~ pentru marfuri - goods rate
~ pentru munca in acord - piecework
rate
~ postal - postal tariff, postage
~ postal pentru corespondenta
interna - inland postage
~ unic - single tariff
~ uniform - flat rate
~ vamal - customs tariff

341

~ vamal comun - (in CEE) common

customs tariff
~ vamal de clasificare - (a mdrfurilor)
customs schedule
~ vamal de represalii - retaliation/
retaliatory tariff
~ vamal flexibil - flexible tariff
~ vamal pentru tarile care
beneficiaza de clauza natiunii celei
mai favorizate - most-favoured-nation
tariff
~ vamal preferential - preferential
tariff
~ vamal protectionist - protection/
protective tariff
~ vamal zonal/pe zone - zone tariff
tarifa v. t. to tariff
tarifar adj. tariff,..; scheduled
taxa v.t. 1. to charge 2. (a impune) to
tax, to impose a tax on
taxator s.m. 1. (functionar care stabile^te tarifele/taxele) rater, valuer,
appraiser 2. (incasator) collector 3. (in
tramvai, autobuz etc.) conductor
~ pentru drumuri sail poduri - toll
collector/keeper
~ vamal - customs appraiser
taxa s.f. tax, charge, contribution;
(vamala etc.) duty; (^colara etc.) fee;
(rutierd, la piatd etc.) toll; pi. dues;
(tarif) tariff, rate
- a scontului la cambiile de clasa
intai - prime (lending) rate
~ auto/de drumuri - tax disc/token,
roadtax
- consuiara - consular fee, consulage
~ de amarare demurrage
~ de brevet - patent fee/tax
~ de camion a j - truckage
~ de cantarire - weighing charges
~ de donatie - nift tax

342

~ de expertiza - survey fee

~ de export - export duty
~ de import - import duty
~ de intrare - admission/entrance fee,
door money
~ de macara - cranage
~ de magazinaj - storage charges
~ de mesagerie - (SUA) expressage
~ de piata (pentru dreptui de a tine
un chiosc) stallage
~ de ramburs - cash on delivery fee
~ de redeventa - royalty fee
~ de reescont - rediscount rate
~ de rezervare - (a locului)

reservation fee
~ de scont - discount rate, rate of
discount
~ de timbru - stamp duty/tax
~ de transfer de capital - capital
transfer tax
~ federala de scont - (SUA) federal
discount rate
~ fiscala - fiscal duty
~ ipotecara - mortgage duty
~ normala/in afara orelor de varf off-peak rate
~ oHciala a scontului - official
discount rate
~ pe tmbunatatiri - (publice aduse
unei proprietdti particulare) betterment
levy
~ pe livra - (vamala etc.) poundage
~ pe valoarea adaugata value-added
tax

~ pentru bauturile infundate (servite in restaurant) corkage

~ pentru trecerea unei proprietati
particulare - toll traverse
~ somptuara - sumptuary/luxury tax
~ statutara (cost administrativ al
lickidurii unui imprumut} statutory fee

TAX-TAX

~ succesorala - succession/inheritance
tax, legacy duty
~ $colara - fee
~ uniforma/forfetara - standard
charge
~ vamala - customs duty
~ vamala compensatorie - matching
duty
~ vamala comunitara - (aplicatd de o
piata comunitara sail de o uniune
vamala) common external tariff
~ vamala de import - import duty
~ vamala de represalii - retaliatory
duty
~ vamala discriminatorie/multipla (la import, infunctie de tara de origine
a mdrfurilor) discriminating/
discriminatory/multiple duty
~ vamala preferentiala - preferential
duty
~ vamala prohibitive - prohibitive
duty
~ vamala protectionista - protective
duty
~ vamala reciproca - reciprocal duty
~ vamala restituita - return duty;
(atzmci cand mdrfiirile importate sunt
reexportate sau folosite la producerea
unor bunuri ce vor fi exportate)

drawback
~ vamala specifics - {in functie de
greutatea, lungimea sail volumul
mdrfurilor) specific duty
~ vamala suplimentara - additional
duty
taxe de andocare - dock dues
~ de antrepozitare - {in antrepozite
vamale) bond dues
~ de cheiaj - (de stationare la chei}
quay/pier/wharf dues, quayage.
pierage, wharfage

TAX-TEH

~ de ecluzare ~ lockage (tolls) ~ de

incarcare si manipulare - (mar.)
shipping and handling charges
~ de navigatie - navigation dues
~ de tonaj - tonnage dues
~ de tranzit - transit dues
~ de trecere prin canal - canal tolls
~ fluviale - river charges/dues
~ locale/comunale - rates
~ notariale - notarial charges/fees
~ pe marfurile operate - cargo dues
~ portuare - harbour dues/fees, port
charges/dues
~ si impozite - rates and taxes
~ tarifare/vamale - tariff rates
~ vamale de protejare - (a produselor
indigene) safeguarding duties
~ vamale diferentiale - differential
duties
~ vamale si de regie customs and
excise duties
taia v.t. (vite) to slaughter
tarie s.f. (normald a alcoohilui) proof
targ s.n. 1. (piatd) market (place);
(centru comercial) emporium 2. (periodic)
fair 3. (ordsel) market town, townlet, small
town; (oras) town;
(burg) borough 4. (afacere) bargain;
(tocmeald) haggle, haggling; (comert)
trade, business
~ anual - fair
~ de mostre - trade fair show, sample
fair, exhibition
~ de vite - cattle market, stock
fair/market
~ universal - world fair
targui v.;'. (a cumpdra) to buy; (a se
duce la cumpdrdturf) to go shopping
v.t. to buy, to purchase v.r. (a se tocmi)
to bargain, to haggle

343

targuiala s.f. 1. buying, purchasing;

(cumpdrdturi) shopping 2. (tocmeald)
haggle, haggling, bargain
a face targuieli/cumparaturi - to go
shopping
tehnic adj. technical
tehnica s.f. technics; (metodd, fel)
technique
tehnica diagramelor de analiza
factorials - factor analysis chart
technique
~ metodelor - (man.) methods
engineering
~ securitatii muncii - labour safety
engineering, industrial safety, safe
procedure, security means
tehnica de analiza si evaluare grafica
- evaluation and review technique
~ de fabricatie a unui produs product engineering
tehnician s.m. technician, technical
expert, engineer
~ responsabil cu protectia muncii safety engineer
~ responsabil cu studierea timpului
de munca - time study engineer
tehnocrat^.m. technocrat
tehnocratie s.f. technocracy
tehnolog s.m. technologist
tehnologic adj. technological
tehnologie s.f. technology, engineering
tehnologia managementului management engineering
tehnologie de fabricare a unui
produs - product engineering
~ de mare performanta - high
technology
~ de prelucrare a petrolului petroleum engineering
~ informationala - information
technology

344

tejghea s.f. counter tejghetar^.w.

counterman telal s.m. old-clothes man,
dealer buyer; (SUA) junkman
telecomunicatie s.f. telecommunication,
communication activity/service televiziune
s.f. television ~ cu taxa/abonament - pay
television ~ industriala/in circuit tnchis industrial television temporar adj.
temporary; provisional;
(despre munca) odd

tendinta s.f. tendency, trend

~ a pietei - market trend
~ ascendenta/de crestere - upward
tendency/trend, uptrend
~ de crestere a preturilor - uptrend in
prices; (pentru titlurile financiare)
bullish tendency
~ de scadere - downward tendency/
trend, downtrend
~ de scadere a nivelului de trai downtrend in living standards
~ de scadere a preturilor - downtrend
in prices; (pentru titlurile financiare')
bearish tendency
~ generala - general trend
tendinte antiinflationiste - anti-inflationary trends
~ economice - economic trends
~ inflationiste - inflationary trends
teorie s.f. theory
teoria abstinentei - abstinence theory
~ asteptarilor - expectation theory
~ bunastarii - welfare theory
~ ciclului real de afaceri - real
business cycle theory
~ cresterii - growth theory
~ deciziei - decision-making theory
~ jocurilor - game theory
~ preturilor - price theory

TEJ-TER

~ subconsumului - underconsumption
theory
terera s.n. ground, field, land; (sol) soil;
(de constructie) site
~ agricol - farmland
~ arabil - arable/tillable land
~ aurifer - gold field
~ cultivat - tillage land
~ de depozitare - storage yard.
stockyard
~ forestier - timber land
~ necultivat - fallow (ground/land).
waste land
~ pentru constructia de locuinte residential/housing estate
~ petrolifer - oil field/land
teritoriu s.n, territory
~ situat departe de granita sau de
mare - inland
~ sub tutela/mandat - trust territory
termen s.n. 1. term, time, date, period;
(fixat} fixed/appointed/stated date;
(limita) time limit, deadline 2. (pasuire) time allowed, delay (granted),
respite 3. (dr.) day of appearance, court
day; (citatie, chemare in judecata}
summons 4. (ciivant) term 5. pi.
{conditii contractuale) tenns
~ comercial - business term
~ curent - running term
~ de apel - (dr.) reclaim days
~ de executie (a unei lucrdri de
constructie) construction time
~ de garantie - term of guarantee.
guarantee period; {al produselor
perisabile) shelf/storage life
~ de gratie - (pentru plata unei datorii
scadente) (days of) grace
~ de livrare - time of deliver.".
delivery date

TER-TEX

~ de plata - term of payment, prompt

date
~ de posesiune - (al unei proprietdti)
tenure
~ de prescriptie - (dr.) prescription
period
~ de valabilitate a brevetului - patent
life/period
~ final/-limita - fmal/latest/extreme
term, closing date, deadline
termeni comerciali internationali international commercial terms
(Incoterms)
~ contractuali - contract/agreed terms
~ {contractual!} de creditare - credit
terms
~ (contractuali) fundamentali fundamental terms
terminal adj., s.n. terminal
~ bancar - (bancomaf) cash dispenser
~ de containere - container terminal
~ de decontare a cecurilor - cheque
cashing machine
~ de feribot - ferry deck/rack
~ de petroliere - tanker terminal
~ maritim - marine terminal
~ portuar - port terminal
terminare s.f. completion, termination,
finishing; end
~ a unui rise - (asig.) end of a risk
terts.m. third party/person
~ detinator - (al unei cambii) holder
in due course
~ proprit - (care define sume datorate
sau bunuri mobiliare ce apartin debitorului unui creditor popular)
gamishee
test s.n. test

~ de piata - test marketing

~ profesional -job test

345

testa v.t. 1. (a incerca, a proba) to test 2.

(a Idsa ceva prin testament) to will;
(un bun mobiliar) to bequeath, to
legate; (un bun imobiliar) to devise
testament s.n. will, testament; (pentru
bunuri mobiliare) bequest; (pentru
bunuri imobiliare) devise
a ataca un ~ - to contest a will
a deschide un ~ - to open a will
a lasa un ~ - to leave a will
a muri lasand ~ - to die testate
a revoca un ~ - to revoke/to annul/to
cancel a will
a-si face testamentui - to make one's
will
testamentar adj. testamentary
testare s.f. 1. test, testing 2. (a unui
bun mobiliar) bequest, bequeathing; (a
unui bun imobiliar) devise, devising
~ a conceptului - (corn.) concept
testing
~ a produsului - product test
~ a produsului prin plasare - (temporard la un potential ciimpdrdtor)
product placement test
~ directa - (testare in favoarea unei
persoane care este cu doud sau mai
multe niveluri de generatie sub
testator) (dr.) direct skip
- fractionata - (a elementelor individiiale care intrd in componenta unei
reclame sau a unui ambalaj) atomistic
test

~ pe animale - (a produselor casnice

sau a medicamentelor) animal testing
testatoare s.f. (dr.) testatrix
testator s.m. (dr.) testator; (de bunuri
mobiliare) legator; (de bunuri
imobiliare) devisor
textil adj. textile
textila s.f. textile, drapery

346

tezaur s.n. 1. treasure; (de bani etc.}

hoard; (de stat) treasury 2. (cladire)
treasury; (camera de valori) safety
vault, strongroom
tezauriza v.t. to treasure (up), to hoard
(up); to amass
tichet s.n. ticket; (bon de cartela)
coupon
~ de masa (oferit salariatilor de
firma wide lucreazd) luncheon voucher
~ de paine - bread coupon
timbra v.t. to stamp
timbru s.n. stamp
~ adeziv - adhesive stamp
~ de chitanta - receipt stamp
~ fiscal - fiscal/tax/revenue stamp
~ jubiliar -jubilee stamp
~ postal - postage stamp
~ sec - impressed stamp; embossed
press
~ stampilat/obliterat - used stamp
timp s.n. time
~ astronomic - astronomic(al) time
~ de asteptare - (pentru operarea
navel) waiting time
~ de exploatare/functionare running/operating time
~ de fabricatie a primei piese (dintr-un lot) first piece time
~ de lucru/munca - working hours
~ de nefunctionare a masinii - (din
lipsd de materiale, mdnd de lucru sail
comenzi) machine idle time; (din
motive tehnice) machine down time
~ de operare - (mcdrcare-descdrcare) handling time
~ de pan a - outage time
~ economisit - (la mcdrcarea sau
descdrcarea navel) dispatch
~ economisit numai la descarcare (mar.) dispatch discharging only

TEZ-TIT

~ economisit numai la incarcare (mar.) dispatch loading only

~ liber - leisure, spare time
~ local - local time
~ mort - idle/dead/lost time, downtime
~ mort in fluxul tehnologic bottleneck
~ necesar pentru executarea
operatiilor de productie - production
time
~ total - (in gestiunea stocurilor,
timpul scurs de la efectuarea iinei
comenzi si pdnd la indeplinirea ei:
timpul necesar pentru a-l determina pe
un consumator sd cumpere) lead time
~ total de operare - (la magaziile
navel) hatch hours
~ universal - Greenwitch mean time
a avea timpi morti - (despre masini,
utilaje) to idle over
tinde v.i. to tend
~ sa creasca - (despre preturl) to tend
upwards
~ sa scada - (despre preturi) to tend
downwards
tip s.n. 1. type; (fel) kind, sort; (model)
mark 2. (standard) standard, type
tip art v.t. to print
tipogratie s.f. 1. (atelier/intreprindere
poligrafica) printing firm/house/office.works/establishment 2. (arta tiparuiui)
(art of) printing, typography
~ de bancnote - security printing
office
tiraj s.n. pressrun, number of copies
printed; (al periodicelor) circulation;
(editie) edition
~ si grad de citire - circulation and
readership
titlu s.n. \. (de carte) title; (;'/; nor)
headline 2. (document) title, deed 3. (de

TIT-TIT

valoare) security, paper, note,

certificate; (emis de stat sau de
municipalitate) stock; (actiuni) stock 4.
(titru) title, titre, fineness, standard
~ al aliajului - standard of alloy
~ al monedei - standard of coinage
~ de creanta - loan note, debenture
~ de creanta fara scadenta perpetual/irredeemable debenture
~ de proprietate - title (deed), deed of
property, document of title, title to
property, vested interest
~ de proprietate absolut - absolute
title
~ de proprietate incomplet/imperfect
- defective title
~ de proprietate inregistrat/inscris (in cartea funciara) registered title
~ de proprietate legal - legal/sound
title
~ de proprietate negrevat - clear title
~ de proprietate restrans - qualified
title
~ de valoare - security, paper, note,
certificate; (emis de stat sau de
municipalitate) stock; (actiuni) stock;
(care reprezintd capitalul propriu)
equity
~ de valoare american sau Canadian
- dollar stock
~ de valoare convertibil - (pbli'gatiune sau actiune preferentiald care
poate fi schimbatd, la optiunea
titularului, in actiuni comune ale
societdtii emitente) convertibile
security/stock
~ de valoare cu curs fluctuant floating rate note
~ de valoare cu dobanda fixa - fixed-interest security

347

~ de valoare cu optiune (tranzactionat la o data. si im pret

specificat) stock option, option stock ~ de
valoare de calitate/sigur - gilt-edged security
~ de valoare emis de o banca - bank
security
~ de valoare exprimat in valuta -foreign
currency security ~ de valoare garantat
prin active -asset-backed security
~ de valoare guvernamental/de stat government security
~ de valoare inactiv/fara cautare inactive security
~ de valoare international - (care se
poate tranzactiona pe pietele Internationale) international security ~ de valoare
la ordin - order security ~ de valoare la
purtator - bearer security, floater
~ de valoare la termen - dated security
~ de valoare necotat/nelistat - (la bur so)
unquoted/unlisted/nonlisted security;
(tranzactionat pe piata extra-bursiera)
over-the-counter security ~ de valoare
negociabil/transferabil negotiable/transferable security ~ de
valoare nominal - registered security
~ de valoare preferential - (cu plata
prioritard a dividendelor) senior
security; (SUA) prior preferred stock ~ de
valoare secundar - (cu dreptiiri ma'i mid
asupra activelor si a veni-turilor decdt alte
titluri considerate prioritare} junior
security ~ executoriu - (dr.) writ of
execution
- oneros - (dr.} valuable consideration ~
putativ - (dr.) pus-alive title

348

titru s.n. (cantitatea de metal pretios dintr-un

aliaj exprimatd in parti la mie) titre, title
titular adj. titular, titulary s.m. (al unei licente,
al unui cont etc.) holder; {al unui post, al unei
functii) occupant;
(suplinit al unei functii) titular; (al unei polite
de asigurare de viatd) nominee ~ al unei
autorizatii/licente - licensee ~ al unei polite
de asigurare - policy holder
~ al unui brevet/patent - patentee, patent
owner
~ al unui cont - account holder, name of an
account
~ precedent - (al unor titluri de valoare)
previous holder toata adj. all
toate celelalte pericole - (asig.) all other perils
~ drepturile rezervate - all rights reserved,
copyright reserved ~ pericolele, primejdiile si
acciden-tele de mare - (asig. mar.) all perils,
dangers and accidents of the sea ~ pierderile
sau pagubele - (asig. mar.) all loss or damage
~ riscurile - (asig.) all risks ~ riscurile,
oricare ar fi acestea -(asig. mar.) all risks
whatsoever tocmeala s.f. haggle, haggling
tocmi v.t. 1. (a angaja in slujba) to engage, to
hire on; (pentru o treaba) to hire on 2. (a
comanda) to order v.r. {a se tdrgui) (pentru) to
haggle (about, over), to traffic (for)
a se ~ mult - to drive a hard bargain tocmire
s.f. (a unui liicrdtor) hire toleranta s f
tolerance, allowance;
margin, limit: (a litriilui unei monocle)

TIT-TON

remedy; (a greutdtii unei monede)

allowance
~ de greutate - tolerance of weight
~ larga wide margin
tonaj s.n. (mar.) tonnage
~ al flotei comerciale - merchant
tonnage
~ al navei (in tone registru) vessel
tonnage, shipping space
~ al navelor de linie - liner (cargo)
tonnage
~ al navelor de pasageri - passenger
tonnage
~ al navelor destinate exportului export tonnage
~ al navelor fluviale river tonnage
~ al navelor frigorifice - refrigerating
tonnage
~ al navelor invechite obsolete/overage tonnage
~ al navelor maritime - seagoing
tonnage
~ al navelor navlosite pe voiaj - trip-charter tonnage
~ al navelor mici - small tonnage
~ al navelor neexploatate - laid-up
tonnage
~ al navelor oceanice - ocean-going
tonnage
~ al navelor-tramp - tramp (cargo)
tonnage
~ al petrolierului tanker tonnage
~ brut - gross tonnage
~ curat - (la petroliere) clean tonnage
- de cabotaj -- coastal tonnage
- de ilicarcare - (grentate sou volum)
cargo tonnage
~ deadweight - ileadvveight tonnage
disponibil - prompt tonnage. snipping
availability

TON-TRA

~ excesiv - (cand numdrul navelor de

transport depdse^te cu mult cererea)
overtonnage
~ global - aggregate tonnage
~ international - international tonnage
~ mondial - world tonnage
~ navlosit - charter/freight tonnage
~ nefolosit - (a/ navelor care
stationeazd in rezerva} idle tonnage
~ net - net tonnage
~ pentru cereale - grain tonnage
~ pentru marfuri uscate - dry cargo
tonnage
~ pierdut/mort - waste tonnage
~ -registru - register/measurement
tonnage, ship's registered tonnage
~ -registru brut - gross/brutto register
tonnage, gross measurement
~ -registru net - net register tonnage,
net measurement
~ sub punte - underdeck tonnage,
tonnage under deck
~ zilnic de incarcare - daily tonnage
allocation
tona s.f. ton
~ americana/scurta - American/short
ton
~ americana de capacitate American shipping ton
~ de congelare - refrigeration ton
~ de incarcare/transport - shipping
ton
~ de navlu/volum - cargo/freight/
measurement ton
~ deadweight - deadweight ton
~ - deplasament - displacement ton
~ engleza/lunga - English/long ton
~ impozabila - rateable ton
~ metrica - metric ton, tonne
~ -registru - register ton

349

~ -registru brut - gross register ton,

vessel ton
~ -registru net - net register ton
~ vamala - (SUA) revenue ton
toneta s.f. stall, stand
~ de ziare - newsstand
topograf^.m. topographer, surveyor
topografie s.f. topography, survey
tot adj. all
~ intr-unul - all-in
~ timpul economisit in ambele
porturi - (de operare) (mar.) all time
saved both ends
total adj. total, whole, aggregate,
entire; (global} gross, overall s.n. total,
whole; aggregate; (suma totala) sum
(total), (total) amount
~ al datoriei - gross debt
~ al despagubirii - (platite asiguratului de societatea de asigurdri)
capital sum
~ al disponibilitatilor banesti - cash
on hand
~ al incasarilor - (unui magazin,
totalul banilor din casierie) till money
~ al pasivului - total liabilities
totaliza v.t. to totalize, to total, to tot
up, to add up, to sum up; (a aduna) to
add up, to cast up, to figure up v.i. to
total
tracta v. t. to haul
tractor s. n. tractor
~ agricol - farm tractor
~ cu roti - wheel tractor
~ pe senile - caterpillar tractor
~ -remorcher - (la camioane) lorry
tractor
~ universal - universal/all-purpose
tractor

350

trafic s.n. 1. (corn.) traffic, trading;

{corner} ilegal) traffic, illicit trading 2.
traffic
~ aerian - air traffic
~ combinat - (feroviar ^.i rutier) joint
traffic
~ comercial - commercial/trading
traffic
~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel
traffic
~ de influenta - wangle(s), pressure,
intercession
~ de marfuri - goods/merchandise/
freight traffic, cargo turnover/
performance
~ de marfuri in vrac - bulk traffic
~ de marfuri perisabile - perishable
traffic
~ de pasageri - passenger traffic
~ de tranzit - transit traffic, traffic in
transit
~ expres - (de marfuri) express traffic
~ feroviar - railway traffic
~ intens/aglomerat - heavy traffic
~ maritim - marine/maritime/sea/
seaborne traffic, shipping
~ maritim de coasta - coastal traffic
~ maritim de linie - liner shipping
~ oceanic - ocean traffic
~ portuar - dock/harbour traffic
~ regulat - regular traffic
traficant s.m. 1. trader, trafficker 2.
(peiorativ) speculator, profiteer
~ de influenta - wangler
trage v.t. (a scrie, a emite o cambie, tin

cec, o tratd) to draw

~ foloase de pe urma - to derive
benefit from
~ la sorti - to draw lots

TRA-TRA

tragere s.f. 1. (a unei cambii, a unui

cec, a unei trate) drawing 2. {la loterie)
drawing
tramping s.n. (transport pe mare cu
nave - tramp) tramping
transatlantic adj. transatlantic s.n.
transatlantic ship/vessel, ocean/Atlantic
liner
~ de mare tonaj - superliner
~ rapid - crack liner
transbord s.n. transshipment
~ vamal - transshipment bond note
transborda v.t. to transship, to reload
transbordare s.f. transshipment,
reloading, transfer
~ de marfuri - goods transshipment
~ de pasageri - passenger
transshipment
~ intre nave - ship-to-ship transfer
transcontainer s.n. (container de
transbordare) transcontainer
transcrie v.t. 1. to transcribe 2. (a
copia un act juridic intr-un registrii
public special) (dr.) to register 3. (in

cartea mare) (cont.) to post

transcriere s.f. 1. transcription 2. (dr.)
registration, registering 3. (in cartea
mare) (cont.) posting
~ ipotecara - registration of mortgage
transfer s.n. 1. transfer 2. (dr.)
transfer; (cesiune) assignment; (de
proprietate) conveyance

~ autorizat de actiuni - (bur.)

certified transfer
~ bancar prin virament - bank
transfer
~ de actiuni - share transfer
~ de capital - (intre doua tart) capital
transfer/movement
~ de creante - transfer of debts
~ de fonduri - funds transfer

TRA-TRA

~ de fonduri prin posta - (sistemul

cecurilor po^tale) postal giro
~ de tehnologie - technology transfer
~ de venituri - income transfer
~ efectiv de titluri de valoare - (de la
vdnzdtor la cumpdrdtor) physical
delivery of securities
~ electronic de date - electronic data
transfer
~ electronic de fonduri - electronic
funds transfer
~ electronic de fonduri la punctele de
vanzare - {tranzactii pe baza de card)
electronic funds transfer at point of sale
~ electronic de fonduri neautorizat unauthorized electronic funds transfer
~ fraudulos - (de cdtre un debitor falit
al unei parti din proprietatea sa pentru
a msela creditorii) (dr.) fraudulent
conveyance
~ interbancar de fonduri - interbank
funds transfer
~ in alb (de actiuni, numele
cesionarului rdmdndnd necompletat in

acte) blank transfer

~ telegrafic - (de fonduri) cable/wire
transfer
transfera v.t. 1. to transfer 2. (dr.) to
transfer; (a ceda, a cesiond) to assign;
(o proprietate) to convey, to make over, to
release; (o proprietate funciard prin mdnd
moarta) to amortize transferabil adj.
transferable;
(cesionabit) assignable
transforma v.t. to transform; to
convert

~ in bani/numerar - to convert into

money/cash
~ in sistemul zecimal - to decimalize
~ un activ in numerar - to liquidate

351

transmisibil adj. transmissible;

transferable
transmite v.t. 1. (a inmdnd) to hand over, to
deliver; (prin mandat) to remit 2. (a transfera)
to transfer; (dr.) to transfer; (a ceda, a cesiond)
to assign;
(o proprietate) to convey, to make over, to
release; (o proprietate funciar a prin mdnd
moarta) to amortize; (prin testament) to demise
3. (o cambie, un cec prin andosare) to endorse
over transmitere s.f. 1. (inmdnare) handing
over, delivery; (expediere de bani) remittance
2. (transfer) transfer; (dr.) transfer; (cesionare)
assignment; (a unei proprietdti) conveyance; (a
unei proprietdti funciare prin mdnd moarta)
amortization; (prin testament) demise 2. (a unei
cambii, a unui cec prin andosare) endorsement
~ a dreptului de proprietate - transfer of
ownership
~ necorespunzatoare - {a actiunilor) (bur.)
bad delivery
~ prin vanzare - (a proprietdtii) conveyance
on sale
~ voluntara/cu titlu gratuit - (a proprietdtii)
voluntary conveyance/ consequence/disposition
transnational adj. transnational transport
s.n.
1.
(transportare) transport,
transportation, conveyance, carriage; (cdrdusie)
haulage 2. (de mdrfuri pe apa) freight,
freightage, cargo shipping; (de mdrfuri pe apa,
iiscat sou calea aerului) (SUA) freight;
(cu vagonul sau camionuJ) truckage,
trucking; (cu tractiune animald)
cartage
~ aerian - air transport
~ auto - automotive/motor transport

TRA-TRA

~ cu nave-tramp - tramp shipping

'-' cu lepuri - lighterage
~ de animate vii - cattle traffic/
transport
~ de bu^teni - logging
~ de cabotaj - (mar.) coastwise/coastal
shipping
~ de cereale - grain transport
~ de contrabands - carriage of
contraband
~ de mare viteza - (c.f.) time freight
'- de marfuri - goods transport/
carriage/traffic, load-carrying transport;
(mar.') cargo/merchant shipping,
freightage
~ de marfuri lichide - tanker trade
~ de marfuri refrigerate - (mar.)
refrigerated shipping
~ de pasageri - passenger
service/transport; (mar.) passenger
shipping
~ de produse petroliere - (cu
auto cister ne) oil trucking; (cu nave
petroliere) oil shipment
~ feroviar/pe calea ferata - railway
transport, rail carriage/transport,
railage; (SUA) railroad transport
~ fluvial - river transport
~ in tranzit - transit transport
~ in vrac - carriage in bulk
~ maritim - marine/maritime
transport, sea shipping/carriage, cargo
shipping, carriage by sea
~ nevagonabil - (cu vagon incomplet)
part-truckload consignment
~ oceanic - ocean shipping
~ pe apa - water carriage/transport/
haul, waterage
~ pe ape interioare - waterway traffic
~ pe distanta scurta - short haul

~ pe uscat - land carriage/transport.

overland carriage/transport, transport
by land
~ public - mass transit
~ - retur (cu contraincdrcdturd)
backhaul
~ rutier - road transport/haulage
transportui in contui destinatarului charges forward
~ in contui expeditorului - charges
prepaid
transporta v.t. to transport, to convey,
to carry; (marfuri pe apa) to freight;
(marfuri pe apa, uscat sou calea
aerului) (SUA) to freight; (prin
cdrau^ie) to haul
~ cu feribotnl - to ferry
~.cu nava-to ship
~ cu lepuri - to lighter
~ cu vagonul-platforma sail cu
camionul - to truck
~ pe calea ferata - to rail; (SUA) to
railroad
~ prin conducta - to pipe
transportabil adj. transportable;
(portabil) portable
transportat adj. transported,
conveyed, carried
~ pe apa - waterbome
~ pe calea aerului - airborne
~ pe fluviu - riverborne
~ pe mare - seaborne
transportator s.m. transporter,
(contract) carrier; (rutier) (road) haulier
trana s.f. (a unui imprumut) tranche
~ in aur - (cotd de participare, depusd
in aur, de cdtre un stat - membru al
FMI) gold tranche
tranzactie s.f. 1. transaction, deal.
dealing, bargain; (financiara) operation
2. agreement; settlement

TRA-TRA

~ a la baisse (bur.) bear transaction

~ a la hausse - {bur.) bull transaction
~ bancara banking transaction
~ corecta - fair/square deal
~ cu marfa disponibila - spot
deal/transaction
~ cu optiune - (prin care titluri de
valoare sail mdrfuri sunt
tranzactionate la data ,S7 pret
specificat) (bur.) option business'
dealing, privilege
~ cu plata in numerar - (In livrare)
spot deal/transaction, cash transaction
~ de barter/in contrapartida - barter
transaction
~ dezavantajoasa/Tn necuno$tinta de
cauza - (dr.} unconscionable bargain
~ executata cu acordul partilor locked-in trade
~ imobiliara real estate transaction
~ in bloc - (de pachete mari de
actiuni) block trading
~ in compensatie - compensation deal
~ in lant - chain transaction
~ in participate - deal on joint
account
~ la termen - (bur.) time bargain
~ monetara - monetary transaction
~ necinstita - bogus/fraudulent
transaction, unfair deal
~ neinregistrata contabil - no-book
transaction
~ nemonetara - nonmonetary
transaction
~ stransa/cu marja redusa de catig tight bargain
~ switch - (la export, realizatd in
devize printr-o a treia tar a pentru
eludarea reglementdrilor valutare)
switch deal/transaction

tranzactii ale initiatilor - (directori de

societdti, inaiti functionari care posedd
informatii suplimentare despre anumite
actiuni tranzactionate) (bur.) insider
dealings/trading
~ asistate de calculator - (bur.)
computer-aided/'-assisted trading
~ futures - (contracte de vdnzare sail
ciimpdrare de mdrfiiri ori active
financiare la o data viitoare
prestabilita) futures transactions
~ in cliring - clearing transactions
~ la termen - forward dealings
~ marginale (cu plena jumdtate in
numerar, jumdtate pe credit) (bur.)
margin trading
~ neoficiale/dupa inchiderea bursei after-hours dealings
~ speculative/riscante - speculative
operations
tranzactiona v.t. to deal; to trade
tranzactionare s.f. dealing; trading
~ de marfuri - (la bursa) commodity
trading
tranzit s.n. transit, through traffic
tranzita v.t. to transit, to convey in
transit v.i. to transit
tranzitare s.f. transit; conveying in
transit
tranzitie s.f. transition
~ la economia de piata - transition to
a market economy
tras s.m. (debitor asupra cdruia s-a
emis o cambie pe care este obligat sd o
onoreze la scadentd) drawee
tratat s.n. treaty, convention; (acord)
agreement
~ comercial - commercial/trade treaty
~ de navigatie - navigation treaty/
convention
tratative s.f. pi. talks, negotiations

354

~ comerciale - trade negotiations/talks

~ in curs - negotiations in
progress/under way
~ la nivel inalt - top-level talks
~ neoficiale - underdealings
a fi in ~ cu cineva - to be in
negotiation with smb.
a incepe ~ - to enter into/to open
negotiations/talks
a purta ~ - to hold negotiations/talks,
to carry on/to conduct negotiations
trata s.f. draft, bill of exchange
~ bancara - bank/banker's draft
~ documentara/comerciala - (trasa
de un exportator fi prezentatd
cumpdrdtorului pentru acceptare)
documentary draft
~ la termen - time draft
~ la vedere - presentation/sight draft
~ neacceptata - unaccepted draft
~ neonorata - (la scadentd)
dishonoured draft
trauler s.n. trawler (ship)
~ de pescuit - (fard prelucrarea pestelui prins) catching/flsh/nonprocessing
trawler
~ de pescuit costier - inshore trawler
~ frigorific - refrigerating trawler
~ maritim - deep-/distant - sea water
~ -uzina - (de pescuit si prelucrare a
pestelui prins) trawler-factory,
processing trawler
tragator s.m. (persoand care emite o
cambie) drawer
treapta s.f. degree, scale; (etapd) stage;
(rang) rank
~ de cotatie - (bur.) tick
~ de salarizare - wage scale, scale of
wages

~ de salarizare mobila - sliding wage

scale

TRA-TRI

trece v.t. 1. (a inregistra) to register;

(pe o listd etc.) to enter 2. (o lege) to
pass
~ in cont - (cont.) to enter/to carry/to
put to account
~ la ordinea de zi - to proceed with
the business of the day
~ prin vama - to clear to the customs
tren s.n. train
~ de calatori - passenger train
~ de marfa - goods/cargo train; (de
containere) freightliner; (SUA) freight
train
~ direct - through/nonstop train
~ forestier - log train
~ local - local (train); (SUA) way train
~ mixt (cu vagoane de marfa si
calatori) mixed/composite/passenger
and goods train
~ personal - passenger/slow train;
(SUA) accommodation train ~ rapid - fast
train, express (train) ~ rutier - (ansamblu
autocamion--remorcd) lorry-/truck-trailer
combination
trezorerie s.f. treasury trezorierj'./n.
treasurer tribunal s.n. tribunal, law court,
court (of justice/law)
~ administrativ - administrative tribunal
~ civil - civil court ~ comercial commercial court ~ competent - court of
competent jurisdiction
~ cu jurisdictie generala - court of general
jurisdiction
~ cu jurisdictie limitata - court or limited
jurisdiction
~ de arbitraj - arbitration tribunal ~
de munca - industrial tribunal

TRI-TUT

~ de prima instanta - court of original

jurisdiction
~ districtual/regional - district court
~ maritim - maritime/naval court
~ militar - military court
~ suprem - Supreme Court
trimestrial adj. quarterly, trimestrial
trimestru s.n. quarter (of year),
trimester; (scalar) term
trimis s.m. (diplomatic) envoy;
(reprezentant, delegaf) representative,
delegate
~ extraordinar si ministru plenipotentiar - envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary
trimite v.t. to send (off), to dispatch;
(prin posta) to post, to mail; (mdrfuri
etc.) to forward
~ circulare - to circularize
~ in consignatie - (mdrfuri) to consign
triplicat s.n. (al treilea exemplar)
triplicate, third copy
troc s.n. truck, swap, swapping, swop,
dicker; barter
a face ~ - to truck, to swap, to dicker;
to barter
trusa s.f. kit
~ de scule - tool kit/outfit/set

355

trust s.n. trust, pool

~ de transporturi maritime shipping pool
tura s.f. (schimb de lucru) shift
~ cu efectiv dublu - double shift
~ de lucru - working shift
~ de noapte - night shift
~ de zi - day shift
turism-y.M. tourism, travel
~ in afara sezonului - off-season
tourism
twist s.m. tourist
~ - automobilist - tourer
turnichet s.n. (care functioneazd dupd
introducerea monedei, a cartelei etc.)

paygate
tutela s.f. (dr.) guardianship,
trusteeship, wardship; (asupra unei
averi) trust
~ activa - active trust
~ discretionara - discretionary trust
~ executorie - executory trust
~ prezumata/implicita - constructive
trust
~ testamentara - testamentary trust
tutore s.f. 1. (curator) guardian, tutor
2. (administrator,
mandatar)
administrator, trustee

T
tara s.f. country; nation
~ creditoare - creditor nation
~ cu sistem de asigurari sociale welfare state
~ de destinatie - {a mdrfii) country of
destination
~ de origine - (a mdrfii) country of
origin
~ de tranzit - transit country
~ debitoare - red country
~ exportatoare - exporting country
~ maritima - maritime country
~ -membra - member country
tari dezvoltate economic- developed
countries
~ industrializate - industrial countries
~ in curs de dezvoltare - developing
countries
~ in tranzitie la economia de piata countries in transition to a market
economy
~ subdezvoltate - underdeveloped/less
developed countries
tesatorie s.f. 1. (meserie, artd)
weaving, weaver's trade 2. (atelier)
weaving mill
tine v.t. 1. {mdrfuri m stoc pentru
vdnzare) to keep; (a pastrd) to keep, to
hold; {contabilitatea, evidenta) to keep
2. (a refine) to retain 3. (a administrd)

to manage, to administer 4. (a intretine)

to keep up, to mantain
~ casa - (corn.) to keep the cash, to act
as cashier
~ contabilitatea - to keep the
accounts/books, to do the bookkeeping
~ inflatia sub control - to curb the
inflation
~ in buna stare - to keep in good
repair
~ la dispozitia cuiva - to hold at
smb.'s disposal
~ la pret - to keep/to stick to the prices
~ marfuri in magazin - to keep
articles/goods in the shop
~ o sedinta - to hold a meeting
~ seama de - to take into account
~ un discurs - to deliver/to make a
speech
tinta s.f. (obiectiv) target
titei s.n. crude oil/petroleum,
petroleum
~ brut - crude/raw oil, petroleum
crude
~ fara gaze - dead oil
~ greu - heavy crude oil
~ usor - light crude oil, light fuel (oil)
tol s.m. (imitate de mdsura pentru

lungime) inch

u
ucenics.m. apprentice, improver
a intra (ca) ~ - to be apprenticed (to a
trade), to be bound apprentice (to a
trade), to be indentured'articled
ucenicie
s.f.
apprenticeship,
prenticehood
a da la ~ (la) - to bind apprentice (to),
to put apprentice (to), to apprentice
(to), to indent (to)
uium s.n. (la moara) toll
a-si lua uiumul - (despre morar) to
toll
ulaj s.n. (spatiu Idsat liber in tancurile
unei nave petroliere, in cisterne sau in
butoaie dupd incdrcare, pentru a se
asigura loc de expansiune lichidului)
ullage
ultim adj. last, final, ultimate, closing
ultima citire - (citirea tuturor
cursurilor stabilite mtr-o sedintd
bursierd, in prezenta agentilor de
schimb la includerea tranzactiilor)
final reading
~ distribuire - (a profitului unei
societdti, sub forma dividendelor,
fdcuta de obicei la sfdrsit de an) final
distribution
~ licitare - closing bid
~ somatic (adresatd unui datornic)
final application/notice
~ zi de tranzactionare - (bur.) last
trading day
ultimul curs - closing price
~ intrat, primul iesit - (metodd de
control al stocurilor, care presupune
ca ultimele mdrfuri cumpdrate vor fi
utilizate primele in procesul de
productie) (cont.) last-in, first-out

~ pret - final price

~ termen - final date
ultimo adv. (termen ce semnificd
ultima zi a lunii, folosit frecvent pentru
a desemna operatiile lunare de lichidare) ultimo
uncie s.f. (imitate de mdsura pentru
greutate) ounce
~ lichida - fluid ounce
unealta s.f. (working) tool, utensil,
implement, instrument
unelte agricole - agricultural/farming
implements
uni v.t. (intr-unfond comun capitaluri,
beneficii etc.) to pool v.r. (a fuziona;
despre companii} to merge, to
amalgamate, to consolidate
unifica v.t. {companii) to amalgamate,
to consolidate v.r. {a fuziona) to merge,
to amalgamate, to consolidate
unificare s.f. (fuziune) merging,
merger, amalgamation, consolidation
unitate s.f. unit
~ agricola de cont - agricultural unit
of account
~ de consum - consumption unit
~ de cont - unit of account
~ de cost - cost unit
~ de emitere a ordinelor si de
conducere (principiu managerial
conform cdruia un salariat trebuie sd
primeascd indicatii de la un singur
superior) unity of command and
direction
~ de masura - unit of measure
~ de navlu - (mar.) freight unit
~ de plata - payment unit

358

~ de productie - production unit

~ de produs - product item
~ de valoare - unit of value
~ decizionala - (man.) decision-making unit
~ economica cu deficit - (cu cheltuieli
mai mari decdt veniturile)
deficit/surplus spending unit
~ europeana de cont - European Unit
of Account
~ monetara - monetary unit
~ monetara de cont - accounting
currency, money of account
~ monetara europeana - European
Currency Unit
~ monetara oficiala - (a unei tdri)
standard money
~ strategica de afaceri - (cea mai
mica unitate a unei corporatii care
poate aplica o strategic independents)
(man.) strategic business unit
~ volumetrica - cubic measure
uniune s.f. 1. union 2. confederation
~ economica - economic union
~ monetara - monetary union
~ postala - postal union
~ vamala - customs/tariff union
universal adj. 1. universal, world-wide
2. all-/general-purpose
urbanism s.n. town/city/municipal
planning
urbanist s.m. urbanist, town planner
urbanistica s.f. town planning
urbaniza v.t. to urbanize
urea v.;. (a creste) to rise, to go up;
(despre cursuri bursiere) to trade up; (a
spori) to increase
urgenta v.t. to speed up; (a accelera)
to accelerate; (a rep-olva urgent) to
expedite

UNI-UTI

~ livrarea/predarea - to speed up delivery

urmari v.t. (in justitie) to sue, to bring an
action against, to take proceedings against
urmarire s.f. (judiciara) action, lawsuit,
prosecution
~ in caz de faliment - debt collection under
bankruptcy proceedings ~ pentru datorii execution for debts ~ pentru realizarea
gajului - debt collection for realization of
pledged property
urmator adj. next, following, subsequent;
(succesiv) successive urmatorul andosator subsequent endorser
~ detinator - subsequent holder utila v.t. to
equip, to fit out utilaj s.n. equipment,
machinery, plant (stock); facility
~ agricol - farm equipment, agricultural
machinery ~ de manipulare a marfurilor cargo handling equipment
~
de
remorcare
haulage
equipment/gear;
(mar.)
towage/towing
equipment
~ de stivuire - stevedore equipment ~ petrolier
- oil equipment ~ portuar - docking facility,
port equipment
utilitara s.f. commercial car/vehicle, package
car
utilitate s.f. 1. utility, usefulness 2. pi. (servicii
publice de apa, gaze, electricitate etc.)
utilities utilitati publice - public utilities
utiliza v.t. to utilize, to use utilizare
..s'./
utilization, use;
employment

UTI-UZU

~ anterioara - (a unei inventii

brevetate) prior use
~ finala (utilizarea umii produs de
cdtre beneficiarul final) end use
~ neautorizata - unauthorized use
utilizator^.m. user
~ final - (beneficiarul final al unui
produs) end-user
~ frecvent - (comparator frecvent al
unui produs) heavy user
uza v.i. to use, to make use of; to
utilize v.r. to wear
uzanta s.f. 1. (reguli de comportament
comercial rezultdnd din institutionalizarea practicilor de afaceri) usage,
practice, custom 2. (stabilirea termenului de platd pentru cambia ce trebuie
achitatd intr-o tard strdind, potrivit
practicii uzuale comerciale) usance
~ a portului - custom of the port
~ comerciala - commercial custom/
usage, trade custom/usage, practice of
trade, commercialism
uzante ale profesiunii - professional
practices
uzina v.t. to tool
uzina s.f. plant, works; (fabricu)
factory; (intreprindere} enterprise
~ constructoare de ina$ini
machine/engineering works
~ de apa - waterworks

359

~ electrica - power station

~ furnizoare - supply plant
~ metalurgica - metal works, iron and
steel plant
uzual adj. usual, customary
uzucapiune s.f. (prescriptie achitizivd,
mod de dobandire a proprietdtii
imobiliare prin efectui unei posesiuni
prelungite de bund-credinta) (dr.)
usucaption, usucapion, usucapio,
acquisitive prescription
uzufruct s.n. (dr.) usufruct, beneficial
ownership/interest
~ viager - (dr.) life interest
uzufructuar adj. usufructuary s.m.
usufructuary, beneficial owner
uzura s.f. wear (and tear), wearing;
attrition
~ fizica - (pierderea treptatd a
caracteristicilor tehnice si functionale
ale bunurilor de capital fix, urmare a
folosirii lor in procesul de productie)
depreciation, capital consumption
~ morala - (deprecierea capitalului fix
ca urmare a progresului tehnic)
obsolescence
~ normala - ordinary/usual/fair wear
and tear
~ prin frecare - (a marfwilor in
limpid transportului) wear by chafing

v
vacant adj. 1. (despre un post, un Joe etc.)
vacant; (despre un post) void 2. (fard
proprietar;
despre
buiuiri, mosteniri)
abeyant
a deveni ~ (despre un post) to fall in
vacanta s.f. 1. holiday(s);
(universitara, judiciara) vacation;
(parla.menta.ru, judiciara) recess 2.
(post vacant) vacancy
vad s.n. (corn.) good custom,
prosperous business; (loc frecventat de
clientele!) place of great resort; shop
with a large custom
vagon s.n. 1. railway carriage, coach,
car; (de mar/a) waggon; (platforma)
truck 2. (de tramvai) tramcar; (SUA)
street car, trolley(car) 3. (incdrcdturd)
waggon load; (SUA) carload
~ - cisterna - tank waggon/car
~ de calatori - railway coach/car
~ de coletarie/mesagerie - parcel car
~ de dormit - sleeping car
~ de marfa - (goods) waggon;
(acoperif) van; (SUA) freight car,
freighter
~ frigorific - refrigerated waggon
~ incomplet - part truckload
~ -platforma - platform waggon,
truck, lorry; (SUA) flatcar
~ -platforma pentru transportui
animalelor vii - cattletmck
~ -platforma pentru transportui
bu$tenilor - timber tmck
~ plin/complet - truckload
~ postal - mail van/car
~ -restaurant - dining/restaurant car

valabil adj. 1. (despre un titlii, un

argument etc.) valid 2. (dr.) (activ, in
vigoare) valid, available, effective,
effectual; (autentic) authentic 3.
(despre monede) current, good,
passable; (despre bilete) valid,
available, good
valabilitate s.f. \. (dr.) validity,
availability, effectuamess, force 2. (a
unui bilet, a unui pasaport)
availability, validity
valid adj. (valabil, in vigoare) valid
valida v.t. to validate; (a ratified) to
ratify; (un document) to authenticate
valoare s.f. value; (pret) worth
~ a activelor - asset value
~ a activelor pe actiune - (valoarea
contabild totald a activelor unei societdti impartitd la numdrul de actiuni
comiine emise) asset backing/value per
share
~ a marfurilor nevamuite - bonded
value
~ a monedei (puterea de cumpdrare
a monedei unei tdri) value of money,
money value
~ a politei de asigurare - sum
insured/of insurance
~ a unei proprietati imobiliare (minus suma ipotecilor) equity
~ a vanzarilor pe piata interna home sales
~ a venitului - income value
~ actuala - present value
~ adaugata (diferenta dintre incasdrile totale ale unei firme din vdnzarea produselor si a serviciilor si

VAL-VAL

pidtile fdcute cdtre furnizori) added

value, value added
~ anuala - (a uniii activ, luatd ca baza
de calcul a impozitelor) (fin.) annual
value
~ asigurata - insurance/insured value,
amount of insurance
~ bruta - gross value
~ bursiera - stock exchange/market
value
~ capitalizata/de randament (yaloarea actuald a unui activ
calculatd prin capitalizarea beneficiilor sale viitoare cu ajutorul unei
rate determinatd de capitalizare)
capitalized income value
~ comerciala - commercial/sales/
market value
~ compensata - value here and there
~ contabila - book value
~ contractuala - contract value
~ convenita - (a politei de asigurare)
agreed value
~ de amortizare/rambursare redemption value
~ de asigurare - insurance value
~ de cumparare - purchase value
~ de inventar - inventory/stocktaking
value
~ de ipotecare - hypothecation value
~ de piata - market value
~ de plasament/portofoliu - (a unui
titlu de valoare) investment value
~ de rascumparare - (a unei polite de
asigurare) surrender value
~ de rentabilitate - value in earning
power
~ de revanzare - resale value
~ de schimb - exchange value
~ de sistare (a unei activitdu de
afaceri) break-up value

361

~ declarata - (in vama) declared value

~ economica - economic value
~ efectiva/reala - effective value
~ estimata - estimated/appraised value
~ extrinseca - extrinsic value
~ facturata - invoice/invoiced value
~ finala - end value
~ fiscala/impozabila - tax/taxable
value
~ furnizata - value given
~ intrinseca - (a unei monede, a unui
produs etc.) intrinsic value
~ in cont - value in account
~ in rise - (asig.) interest at risk
~ in uz (yaloarea unui teren sail a
unei cladiri pe piata. dacd se pdstreazd
aceeasi destinatie si aceleasi dotdri ca
in momentui vinderii) existing-use
value
~ in vama - customs/tariff value
~ in ziua primirii - value day of
receipt
~ intreaga - full value
~ locativa - rental value
~ (locativa) impozabila - rat(e)able
value
~ maxima - maximum/peak value
~ medie -- average/mean value
~ neta - net value; (valoarea unei
societdti reprezentdnd activele totale
minus pasivele totale) net worth,
owner's equity
~ neta a profitului - net profit value
~ neta actualizata - (cont.) net present
value
~ neta in stare buna - (asig.) net
sound value
~ neta realizabila - (cont.) net
realizable value

362

~ nominala - (sumd exigibild inscrisd

pe un titlu, o bancnotd sau o monedd
metalica) nominal/face/par value
~ practica (a unui produs raportatd
la utilitatea sa pentru om) value in use
~ prescrisa/ceruta - set value
~ primita - (formula pe o cambie)
received value
~ ramasa - remainder value
~ reala - actual/real/true value
~ reala de piata - fair market value
~ reziduala (yaloarea rdmasd a unui
activ depreciable) (cont.) residual
value; {yaloarea unui activ de capital
la sfdr^itui perioadei specificate; in
problemele de alocare a capitalului, ea
reprezintd pretui actual pe piata al
unui activ la mdna a doud) {fin.)
salvage value
- totala - aggregate value ~ unitara (coeficient care exprimd valoarea totala a
unei anumite productii comerciale, intr-o
perioadd determinatd de timp, impdrtitd la
volumul acesteia} unit value
~ viltoare (a iinei sume de bani cu
dohdnda compusa) future value
valor! ale marcii - brand values
~ imobiliare -- (terenuri, imobile etc.)
real estate/property
~ mobiliare - (titluri de valoare
tiegociabile pe piata financiara)
movable assets, movables, negotiable
instruments
Ysiora v.i. to be worrh; (de:;pre wim) to
exchange for
'- iaai iiiult 'leclti. - l.o outvalue
1
"- mult - io be wonli misch
-- putsn - to be worils liilie

VAL-VAL

valorifica v.t. to make good use of, to

turn to good account, to render
profitable/valuable; (o rnla^tind, un
teren viran) to reclaim; (de^euri) to
recover
valoros adj. valuable, precious
valutar adj. currency..., money...
valuta s.f. (foreign) currency, foreign
exchange
~ blocata - (valuta a caret schimbare
intr-o altd valuta este interzisd)
blocked currency
~ -cheie (valuta folositd ca termen de
referintd pentru monedele satelite) key
currency
~ comerciala (folositd in schimburile
comerciale Internationale) trading
currency
~ contractuala - (stipulatd in
contract) contract currency
~ de cont - account currency
~ de referinta - {valuta forte infunctie
de care se stabileste paritatea unei
monede mai slabe) anchor currency
~ de rezerva - reserve currency
~ efectiva - effective currency
~ forte - hard currency
~ instabila - unstable currency
~ internationala - international
currency, world money
~ liber convertibiSa - freely
convertibie currency
~ inixta - (formatd din monede de
dijerite metale yi bancnote) mixed
'inTcncy
fiecoRv^irtlbija - soil ciirrency
pentru
di;"i,t'4;.?i
ii'.^^r-HQr
/^'li'fiivte s^ot '''lUTRnrv

VAM-VAN

vamal adj. customs...

vama s.f. 1. (institutie, administratie)

customs; (cladire, sediu) custom(s)

house 2. {taxa) duty, toll; pi. customs
vames s.m. customs officer, collector
of customs; searcher
vandabil adj. merchantable, sal(e)able,
vendible, marketable, realizable
a fi greu ~ - to be hard to sell, to go
off slowly
a fi usor ~ - to command a ready sale,
to sell off readily, to be quick of sale
vandabilitate s.f. sal(e)ability,
vendibility, marketability
varia v.t., v.i. to vary, to change
variabil adj. variable, changeable;
(instabil)
unstable,
unsteady;
(fluctuant) fluctuating
variatie s.f. variation; fluctuation
~ a cererii - demand variation
~ a preturilor - price variation/
fluctuation
vamui v.t. to charge custom duties for;
(mar.) to clear
vamuire s.f. charging custom duties
for; (mar.) clearing, clearance
vamuit adj. duty-paid; ex bond
varsa v.t. (bani intr-un cont) to pay in
varsamant^.n. payment
~ la darea comenzii - payment order
vanator s.m. hunter
~ de capete (agentie sau persoand
specializatd in gdsirea fi recrutarea de
manageri cu experientd sau personal
cu inaltd calificare) headhunter
~ de posturi/functii - office hunter
vandut adj. sold
~ in magazin/cu amanuntui - across-the-counter
~ in totalitate - sold-out
vanzare s.f. Sdic, semis^

363

~ a bunurilor sub sechestru - distress

sale/selling
~ a marfurilor neridicate la termen {din vama) rummage sale
~ agresiva/in forta - (insotitd de
publicitate agresivd/zgomotoasd) hard
selling
~ angro - wholesale sale
~ combinata - (plasarea produselor
complementare unele Idngd altele in
magazin) cross selling
~ conditionata - conditional sale; {de
cumpdrarea altui produs) tie-in sale
~ conform descrierii - (fdcute mdrfii
de vanzdtor) sale by description
~ contra numerar/cu plata in
numerar - cash sale, sale for cash
~ cu amanuntul/in detaliu - retail/
across-the-counter sale
~ cu livrare la termen - sale for future
delivery
~ de actiuni pe o piata in crestere {dacd cresterea atinge un anumit nivel)
(bur.) averaging out
~ de albituri/panza de in - white sale
~ de articole ieftine prin introducerea lor intr-o linie de produse
scumpe - trading up
~ de articole ieftine $i de calitate
inferioara (pentru a asigura volumul
de vdnzdri) trading down
~ de proba - sale on trial
~ de titluri de valoare (dintr-un
portofoliu) si inlocuirea lor cu altele
de clasa inferioara - trading down
~ din disponibil - spot sale
~ din fabrica - factory sale
~ directa/fara intermediari - direct
sale/selling
-' fara acoperire - {de actiuni sa"

364

inca) (bur.) selling short, short sale,

shorting
~ fara garantii (privind starea
mdrfii) sale as seen
~ fictiva - fictitious sale; (pentru a
crea impresia cd anumite actiuni sunt
foarte cdutate) (bur.) wash sale
~ fortata/nedorita - (a actiunilor in
scopul obtinerii de lichiditdti pentru
plata unor datorii) (bur.) forced selling
~ fortata a unui produs greu
vandabil - (impreund cu unul solicitat)
third-line forcing
~ ieftina - (lichidare) clearance sale
~ inertiala - (metodd de marketing
prin care unele produse sunt expediate
prin postd potentialilor clienti fdrd ca
acedia sd Ie fi comandat) inertia
selling
~ in comision - sale by/on commission
~ in pierdere - sacrifice sale
- In rate - instalment rate
'- la inventar - stocktaking sale
~ la licitatie - auction sale, sale by
auction
~ la sfarit de sezon - end-of-season
sale
~ la sosire - (a mdrfurilor) sale on
arrival
~ la termen - forward/time sale; (bur.}
sale for the account/settlement
~ lenta - slow sale
~ neagresiva/prin reclama persuasiva - soft selling
~ ocazionala - occasional sale
~ particulara/prin buna intelegere private sale
~ pe baza de acord privat - sale by
private treaty
~ pe baza de mostre - sale by/on
sample

VAN-VAR

~ pe baza de oferta inchisa - sale by

sealed tender
~ pe credit - credit sale, sale on credit
~ prin intermediar - indirect sale
~ publica - public sale; auction sale
~ rapida/u$oara - ready/quick sale
~ silita - (prin licitatie) compulsory
sale; (prin hotdrdre judecdtoreascd)
sale by order of the court
~ (silita) pentru neplata impozitelor tax sale
~ voluntara - voluntary sale
vanzari masive - heavy sales
~ nete - net sales
~ prin telefon - telephone selling
~ speculative - speculative selling
a pune in vanzare - to put on the
market, to put up for sale; to expose/to
offer for sale
vanzatoare s.f. saleswoman, salesgirl,
shopgirl, saleslady, shop assistant
vanzator s.m. 1. seller; vendor 2. (in
magazin) shop assistant, salesman,
shopman, salesclerk 3. (in cuvinte
compuse) monger
~ ambulant - pedlar, peddler,
huckster; (pe stradd) street/pavement/
kerb trader
~ de ziare/reviste - newsagent
~ ferm - firm seller
~ in posesia marfii - seller in
possession
~ marginal - (ale cdrui cheltuieli sunt
egale cu venitui obtinut din vdnzdri)
marginal seller
~ nenominalizat - (bur.) undisclosed
seller
varsta s.f. age
~ admisa - (in cazul unei polite de
usigurare de viatd) (asig.) age admitted

VAR-VER

~ de pensionare - retiring/pensionable
age

vechime s.f. {in munca) length/years of

service; (mare in munca) seniority
~ -limita/de inlocuire - (a unui utilaj)
replacement age
vehiculj'.. vehicle, conveyance
~ comercial/utilitar - commercial
vehicle/car
venit s.n. income; (al statului din taxe
i impozite) revenue; pi. (incasdri,
profit) receipts, proceeds
~ activ - (din salariii) active income
~ anticipat - expected income
~ anual - annual revenue, annual/
yearly income; (pbtinut din exploatarea
unui teren) purchase
~ brut - gross income
~ de transfer (yenituri specifice
formate prin procesul de redistribuire
a venitului national - pensii, ajutoare
de ^ornaj etc.) transfer income
~ din activitatea curenta - ordinary
income
~ din comisioane - fee income
~ din diverse surse - miscellaneous
income
~ din exploatare - operating income
~ din inchirieri - rental income
~ din salariu - earned income
~ discretionar - discretionary income
~ disponibil (yenitui personal dupd
plata impozitelor) disposable/available
income
~ financiar - (dividende, dobdnzi etc.)
financial income
~ fiscal - tax/inland revenue
~ fix - fixed income
~ funciar - revenue from land
~ impozabil - taxable/assessable
income

365

~ in natura - income in kind

~ marginal - (sporul de venit obtinut
prin folosirea unei unitati suplimentare
dintr-un factor de productie, respectiv
a unei unitati din toti factorii de
productie implicati, din toate resursele
atrase ^ifolosite) marginal revenue
~ mediu - (yaloarea totald a vdnzdrilor impdrtitd la numdrul de unitati
vdndute) average revenue
~ mic/redus - small income; pittance
~ national - national income
~ nemuncit - (rente, dobdnzi,
dividende)
investment/unearned
income
~ nepermanent - transitory income
~ net - net income
~ nominal - (exprimat in preturi
curente, in unitati monetare la puterea
lor de cumpdrare curenta) nominal
income
~ obisnuit/curent/fix - regular income
~ ocazional - perquisite
~ ordinar - (pbtinut din activitatea
normald de exploatare) ordinary
income
~ pasiv - passive income
~ permanent - permanent income
~ public - public revenue
~ real - real income
~ real tinand seama de inflatie income adjusted for inflation
~ suplimentar - supplementary
income
~ supranumerar - supernumerary
income
~ teoretic/imaginar - notional income
verifica v.t. to verify; (a controla) to
control, to check up; (a examina) to
examine; (registre contabile) to audit

366

~ greutatea monedelor - (la

monetdrie) to pound
verificare s.f. verification; (control)
control, check, checking, checkup;
(examinare) examination; (contabild,
fmanciara) auditing
~ a respectarii legislatiei in vigoare compliance examination
~ a titlului de proprietate examination of title
verificator s.m. controller, inspector;
checker; (revizor contabil) auditor
~ de masuri si greutati - inspector of
weights and measures
veritabil adj. genuine, veritable, real;
(nefalsificat) unadulterated, pure;
(autentic) authentic
verso s.n. verso, back, reverse
via prep. via
viager adj. life..., lifelong...
vicepresedinte s.m. vice-president; (al
unui comitet, al unui consilhi) vice-chairman, deputy chairman
viciu s.n. vice
~ de forma - (dr.) flaw
~ inerent - (unei mdrfi) inherent vice
vigoare s.f. (dr.) effect, force
a fi in ~ - to run
a intra in ~ - to come into effect/force,
to become effective, to take effect
a pune o lege in ~ - to give effect to a
law
vilegiaturist^.m. holidaymaker
vms.n. wine
~ acru - tart/sourish wine
~ alb - white wine
~ de calitate - vintage
~ de masa - (ordinary) table/dinner
wine
~ de Porto - port (wine)
~ de Rin - hock

VER-VIN

~ duice - sweet wine

~ fiert - mulled wine
~ frantuzesc - claret
~ gol - neat/unadulterated/undiluted
wine
~ nou - new wine
~ rosu - red wine
~ sec - dry wine
~ spaniol - sherry
~ spumos - sparkling wine
~ tare - strong wine
~ vechi - old wine
vinde v.t. to sell; (dr.) to vend v.r. (a
face vdnzare; a fi de vdnzare) to sell
v.i. to sell
~ angro/cu ridicata - to wholesale, to
sell (by) wholesale
~ contra numerar - to sell for cash
~ cu acoperire - to sell for delivery
~ cu amanuntul/in detaliu - to retail,
to sell(by) retail
~ cu comision - to sell on commission
~ cu profit - to sell at a profit
~ cu reducere/rabat - to sell at a
discount, to discount
~ de proba - to sell on trial
~ din disponibil - to sell for spot
delivery
~ fara acoperire - to sell short
~ ieftin - to sell cheap
~ in pierdere - to sell at a
loss/sacrifice, to sacrifice, to bargain
away

~ in magazin - to sell over the counter

~ in vrac - to sell in bulk
~ intregul stoc - to sell out
~ la greutate - to sell by weight
~ la licitatie - to sell at/by auction, to
auction (off)
~ la solduri - to sell off, to clear off
~ la pret scazut - to sell at a low price

VIN-VIZ

~ la pretui sau cursul eel mai

avantajos - to sell at best
~ la termen - to sell forward
~ liber - (un articol vdndut pe cartela}
to deration
~ mai ieftin/sub pret - to undersell, to
undercut
~ mai mult - (deceit se poate livra sau
existd in stoc) to oversell
~ marfuri in expeditie - (mar.) to sell
afloat

~ pe baza de comision - to sell on

commission
~ pe baza de mostre - to sell by/on
sample
~ pe credit - to sell on credit
~ scump - to sell dear
~ sub pretui de cost - to sell below
cost

~ surplusul de titluri de stat - to

overfund
a se ~ bine/usor - to sell well/readily,
to go off/through, to find a ready
market
a se ~ cu - to go for
a se ~ mai bine sau mai scump (decdt altd mar/a) to outsell
vinicol adj. vinicultural
vinicultura s.f. viniculture
vinificatie s.f. vinification, wine
preparation/making/production
viola v.t. (legea) to infringe, to break;
(o proprietate, ofrontiera) to trespass
vira v.t. (bani) to transfer
virament s.n. transfer (of funds)
~ bancar - bank transfer
vite s.f. pi. cattle
~ cornute - homed cattle
~ de carne - store cattle
~ de rasa - blood/breeding stock,
pedigree cattle

367

~ de tractiune - draught cattle

~ mici/marunte - small cattle
~ vii - (categoric de marfa) live cattle
viteza s.f. speed, velocity
~ comerciala/de exploatare - {mar.)
commercial/schedule/operating/
operational speed
~ contractuala - contract speed
~ de rotatie - (rate of) turnover
~ de rotatie a activelor - asset
turnover
~ de rotatie/circulatie a banilor velocity of circulation; (SUA) velocity
of money
~ de rotatie/circulatie a banilor in
economic - (din punctui de vedere al
cheltuielilor) transaction velocity of
money; (din punctui de vedere al
veniturilor) income velocity of money
~ de rotatie a debitorilor - accounts
receivable turnover
~ de rotatie a stocurilor - inventory
turnover
viticultor
s.m. viniculturist,
winegrower
viticultura
s.f.
viticulture,
winegrowing
vitrina s.f. shop front, show. window,
showcase, shopwindow, window case
viza v.t. (apune o vizdpe} to visa
viza s.f. visa
~ consulara - consular visa
~ de intrare - entry visa
~ de tranzit - transit visa
~ turistica - tourist visa
vizita v.t. to visit, to pay a visit to; (in
interes profesional, de afaceri) to
pay/to make a call on; (o regiune
pentru colectarea de comenzi sau
strdngerea de voturi) to canvass

368

vizita s.f. visit; (profesionald,

afaceri) (official) call
voiaj s.n. travel; trip, tour; (pe apd sail
in aer) voyage; {in special pe uscat)
journey; (pe mare) sail
~ contractual - contract voyage
~ de cabotaj - coastal/coasting/
coastwise/domestic voyage
~ de inapoiere - (a navel) homeward

VIZ-VOT

~ de predare - (a navel la expirarea

termenului de navlosire) delivery

~ de marfuri transportate pe mare maritime/seaborne traffic

~ de munca - volume of work
~ de vanzari ale articolelor de
consum curent - repeat purchase sales
volume
~ efectiv al pietei - actual market
volume
~ total al productiei - total volume of
production
\ots.n. vote, suffrage; (votare) voting
~ consultativ - consultative/advisory

voyage

vote

~ dus-intors - round voyage/trip, out

and home voyage

~ cu majoritatea ceruta - (de doud

treimi) qualified vote
~ cumulativ - (metodd de vot care

voyage

~ fluvial river voyage

~ in balast - (mar.) ballast voyage

~ in circuit - tour
~ in strainatate - (mar.) foreign/
outward voyage
~ oceanic - ocean voyage
voiaj a v.i. to travel, to journey; to tour,
to go touring; (pe mare) to voyage
voiaj or s.m. traveller; (pe apd sail in
aer) voyager

~ comercial - commercial traveller;

(SUA) salesman
volum s.n. 1. (carte) volume 2.
volume, capacity; (mdrime) size
~ al capitalului - size of the capital
~ al exporturilor - volume of exports
~ al importurilor - volume of imports
~ al schimburilor comerciale volume of trade
- al transportului de pasageri passenger traffic
~ de afaceri - extent of business
~ de marfuri operat zilnic - daily
turnover
~ de marfuri transportate - cargo
performance, freight traffic

permits voturi multiple pentru un

membni al consiliuliii de administratie)

cumulative voting
~ de blam - vote of censure
~ de incredere - vote of confidence
~ decisiv (al presedintelni iinei
adundri, cdnd numdriil votiirilor pro si
contra este egal) casting vote
~ deschis - open vote
~ prin delegat/mandat - card vote
~ prin reprezentare - (la adunarea
actionarilor) proxy

~ prin ridicarea mainii - show of

hands
~ reprezentativ - (la adundrile
sindicale) block vote
~ secret - (vote by) ballot, secret
ballot/voting, poll
~ universal - universal suffrage
a avea ~ deliberativ - to be entitled to
speak and vote
a lua parte la ~ - to go to the poll(s),
to vote

a proceda la ~ - to take the vote

VOT-VRA

vota v.t. to vote; (a alege) to elect, to poll

for; (im proiect de lege in parlamenf} to
pass, to carry v.i. to give one's vote;
(pentru) to vote (for);
(impotriva) to vote (against); (in
parlament) to come to a division
~ bugetui - to pass the budget
~ pentru parlament - to elect as
member of parliament
~ prin ridicare de maini - to vote by
(a) show of hands
votants.m. voter
vracs.n. bulk
vrachier s.n. (navd pentru transportiil
marfurilor in vrac) bulk cargo
camer/ship/vessel, dry bulk carrier,
bulk freighter/trader
369

~ combinat - (miner en-petrol sail

carbune-minereu ^i minereu-marfa in
vrac-petrol) combined/combination bulk
carrier; (minereu-marfun solide in vracpetrol) ore-bulk-oil carrier, oil-bulk-ore carrier, OBO carrier
~ mixt - (lemne-marfuri in vrac) log-cum-bulk
~ pentru marfuri in vrac $i minereuri - bulk-cum-ore carrier
~- pentru marfuri uscate i lichide bulk-cum-oil can'ier
~ pentru minereuri $i produse
petroliere - ore-oil carrier, 00 carrier
~ specializat - specialized bulk carrier
~ standard - standard bulk carrier
~ universal - general-purpose/
universal bulk carrier

warant s.n. (recipisd i titlu de proprietate

asupra mdrfurilor, eliberat de antrepozitui in
care acestea sunt depuse, servind ca titlu de
valoare, transmisibil si negociabil, i pentru
obtinerea de credite in conditii de gaj)
warrant
wattmetru s.n. wattmeter
wattora s.f. watt-hour
wattormetru s.m. watt-hour meter

x
xenodolari s.m. pi. (dolari pe piete xerox s. n.
xerox strdine) xenodollars
xeroxa
v.t. to xerox

Y
yankei s.m. pi. {titluri de valoare pe piata
americand;
actiuni
ale companiilor
americane} Yankees

z
zacamants.n. deposit ~ aluvionar cu continut
industrial de
aur - pay gravel
~ de carbuni - coal deposit
~ de minereuri - ore/mineral deposit,
ore bed
~ de petrol - petroleum deposit, oil
field
zero num., s.n. (in matematicd) zero;
(la telefon) o; (in sport) nil; (la
termometru) zero; (punct de inghet)
freezing point
zi s.f. \. day; (din cursul sdptdmdnii,
fdrd sdmbdtd si dummied) weekday 2.
(data) date
~ calendaristica - calendar day
~ cu program scurt - (cdnd
magazinele sunt inchise dupd-amiaza)
early closing day
~ de contango - (bur.) contango/
continuation day
~ de declarare a numelor (cumpdrdtorilor) (bur) name/ticket
day
~ de declaratie - (ultima zi in care
titularul unei optiuni poate decide dacd
o pdstreazd sau mi) (bur.) declaration
day
~ de depunere - (a declaratiei vamale)
day of entry
~ de tnchidere a situatiilor financiare
- (pentru un audit) cut-off date
~ de lichidare/reglementare - (bur.)
account/settlement/settling day
~ de plata (a salariului) payday; (a
mdrfurilor cumpdrate prin licitatie la
bursa de mdrfuri) prompt day
~ de plata trimestriala - quarter/term
day

~ de report - carry-over day

~ de sarbatoare - holiday, red-letter
day
~ de scadenta - maturity date
- de targ- market day
- legala - (zi completd care dureazd
pdnd la miezul noptii, moment pdnd
cdnd un debitor are termen legal
pentru a-si achita datoria scadenta)
legal day
~ libera - day off, off day
~ lucratoare/de lucru - working/
business/black-letter day, workday,
weekday
~ lucratoare cu ore suplimentare long day
~ lucratoare cu program esalonat/Ia
ore diferite - (alcdtuit de firme pentru
a evita aglomeratia pe mijioacele de
transport) staggered working day
~ lucratoare cu vreme favorabila weather working day
~ lucratoare de 24 de ore - (in trei
schimburi) working day of 24 hours
~ -munca - work-day unit
~ nelucratoare - nonbusiness/red-letter day; (pentru band) bank holiday
zile consecutive - (inchisiv duminicile
i sdrbdtorile legate) consecutive days
~ cumulative - cumulative days
~ curgatoare - (m contarea staliilor)
{mar.) running days
~ de contrastalii - {mar.) demurrage/
overlay days
~ de gratie - (pentru plata unei datorii
scadente) days of grace
~ {de lucru) pierdute - {din cauza
iinui conflict de mimed) lost days

374

~ de stationare in port - (a unei nave

In exploatare) port days
~ de traversada - (de navigatie in
largul oceanului) passage days
~ dupa prezentare - (formula pe o
cambie) days after sight
~ economisite - (in operarea navel}
dispatch days
~ libere - (prima si ultima zi mi intrd
in contarea timpului de operare) (mar.)
clear days
a fi la zi - (cu plata datoriilor) to have
no arrears; (cu evidenta contabila) to
have one's books in perfect order
ziar s.n. (news)paper, journal;
(cotidian) daily (paper); (monitor
oficial) gazette
~ de anunturi/reclame - advertiser
~ de dimineata - morning paper
~ de seara - evening paper
~ economic - trade paper/journal
a da la ~ - to insert/to publish in a
paper
a da un anunt la ~ - to advertise in a
newspaper
ziarist s.m. journalist, newspaperman,
pressman, newsman; (reporter)
reporter; (corespondent) correspondent
zilier s.m. day labourer/worker,
journeyman
~ angajat la recoltat - harvest hand
zonal adj. zonal, zone...
zonare s.f. zonation
zona s.f. zone, area, region
zona dolarului - dollar area
~ francului francez - French franc
area
~ lirei sterline - sterling area
zona afectata de criza - (somaj,
saracie etc.) depressed area
~ agricola - agricultural area
~ bancara libera - free banking area

ZIL-ZON

~ comerciala/industriala - trading
estate
~ costiera - coastal area/zone, offshore
area/zone
~ de dezvoltare - development/
enterprise zone
~ de dezvoltare industrial^ industrial estate/park
~ de expropriere - expropriation zone
~ de investitii directe - (pe nn teren
viran) greenfield site
~ de liber-schimb - free-trade area
~ de literal - littoral area/zone
~ de navigatie - navigation area
~ de operare - (incdrcare, descdrcare,
transbordare a mdrfurilor) handling
area
~ de pescuit - fishing area/ground/
place, fish ground, piscary
~ de proprietate comuna - (intr-un
bloc de proprietari} common element
~ de tranzit - transit zone
~ deservita - {corn.) area of supply
~ economica exclusiva - (in largul
coastei maritime apartindnd unei tdri)
exclusive economic zone
~ inundabila - flood zone
~ libera (fdrd taxe vamale} free zone
~ libera de comert - free-trade zone
~ maritima - sea waters
~ maritima speciala/vamala - (in
afara apelor teritoriale) customs
(-enforcement) area/waters
~ portuara - port area
~ (petrolifera) productiva - pay
area/zone, payable area/zone
~ suburbana - suburban area
~ vamala - customs area, tariff zone
zone de bord liber - (in care navele de
comert trebuie sa navigheze cu un
anumii pescaj) freeboard zones
- valutare - currency areas

abandon v.t. 1. a abandona (nova,ncrctura etc.) 2. (asig.) a ceda (o proprietate

pierdere parial pentru a putea solicita o despgubire total) 3. a
renuna la (o aciune judiciar)
abandoned adj. abandonat
~ goods - mrfuri abandonate (far
proprietar)
~ ship/vessel - nav abandonat
abandonee s. (asig. mar.) agent de
asigurare (cruia i se cedeaz un bun
asigurat)
abandonment s. abandon
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza
abandonului
- of action - renunare la o aciune
judiciar
abate v.t. 1. a reduce, a micsora
(preuri, impozite etc.) 2. (dr.) a anula,
a desfiina
abattoir s. abater
abbreviation s. abreviere
abeyance s. (dr.) stare de suspendare;
suspendare temporar; situaie neclar
to be in ~ - a ft pendinte
abeyant adj. (dr.) 1. vacant, far stpn
(despre bunuri) 2. in suspensie,
nerezolvat
ability s. 1. capacitate, posibiliti,
resurse 2. solvabilitate 3. (dr.)
capacitate legal
~ to pay principle - principiul
posibilitilor de plat (impozite
proportionate cu veniturile)
able adj. 1. capabil; competent, calificat 2. solvabil
- (- bodied) seaman - marinar brevetat
- in estate - avut, bogat
~ to pay - solvabil
aboard adv. la/pe bord prep, la/pe
bordul
aboardship adv. (mar.) la bord, pe
nav
abode s. domiciliu, reedin
above adv. deasupra prep, deasupra,
peste adj. mai sus menionat/amintit, de
mai sus
~ - mentioned - menionat/amintit mai
sus
~ - named - sus-numit
~ par - (bur.) supra pan, peste
paritate/valoarea nominal (despre
aciuni)
~ the line - deasupra liniei (termen
contabil care se refer la anumite
articole din contul de profit i pierderi
i care apar deasupra liniei profitului
net n declaraia de profit i pierderi;
pane a bugetului de marketing pe care
compania o cheltuiete pentru a-siface
publicitate in mass media)
abrasion s. frecare, lefuire
~ of coin - frecare/lefuire a monedei

asigurat

caz

de

(ca urmare a circulaiei, rezultnd o

diminuare a greutii)
abroad adv. n strintate
abrogate v.t. a abroga (o lege)
absence s. absen; lips
absentee s. 1. absent 2. absenteist

16
ABS-ACC
~ landlord - absenteist (proprietar funciar care nu locuiete pe terenul pe care l-a dat n arend)
-ownership - proprietate a unui
absenteist
absenteeism s. absenteism
-rate - rata absenteismului (numrul de abseni la suta de muncitori ntr-o anumit zi; procentajul zilelor de
munc pierdute din totalul zilelor lucrtoare pe o anumit perioad) absolute adj. absolut, total; necondiionat
- advantage - avantaj absolut (deinut de o ar sau o regiune m raport cu altele datorit resurselor naturals, forei
de munc etc., fapt care deter-min scderea costurilor deproducie) ~ endorsement - andosare necondi-ionat
- interest - (dr.) drept absolut
- liability - (dr.) obligaie necondi-ionat
- majority - majoritate absolut
- monopoly - monopol absolut
- ownership - proprietate absolut
- risk aversion - (fin.) aversiune fa
de riscul absolut (sum de bani la care
un investitor poate renuna ca
alternative la o investiie cu rise
ridicaf)
~ title - (dr.) titlu absolut de
proprietate
- total loss - (asig.) pierdere total
real
~ value - valoare absolut/intrinsec (a
unei monede, a unui produs)
absolve v.t. a elibera, a absolvi, a
dispensa de (datorii, obligaii)
absorption s. absorbie, preluare (a unei societi de o alta mai mare) abstinence s. abstinen ~ theory - teoria
abstinenei abstract s. extras; rezumat, sumar v.t.
1. a rezuma, a extrage esenialul din 2.
a sustrage, a fura
~ of account - extras de cont
abundance s. 1. abunden, belug;
surplus 2. bogie, prosperitate
aburton adv. transversal pe nav (mod
de stivuire)
abuse s. 1. abuz, ntrebuinare excesiv
2. abuz, practic ilegal v.t. a abuza de
- of administrative authority - abuz de putere
- of confidence/trust - abuz de
ncredere
~ of office - abuz de functie
acceleration s. accelerare, urgentare
~ clause - clauz de urgentare (care
prevede c, dac o datorie nu este
achitat la timp, toate plile viitoare
devin imediat scadente)
~ premium - prim pentru mrirea
produciei (acordat muncitorilor)
-principle - principiul accelerrii
(conform cruia nivelul unei investiii
variaz proportional cu rata produciei)
accept v.t. a accepta (o cambie, o
ofert etc.)
acceptable adj. acceptabil
- quality level - nivel acceptabil de
calitate
acceptance s. 1. acceptare 2. accept

(cambie acceptat/andosat
banco.)
~ account - cont de accepte

de

ACC
17
- against documents - acceptare
contra documente
~ bank/house - banc/oficiu de scont
-certificate - certificat de recepie
- credit - accept
~ delivery test - prob de recepie-predare
- for honour - acceptare pentru onoare
- in case of need - acceptare rt caz de
necesitate
~ in blank - acceptare n alb
~ market - piaa acceptelor
- sampling - eantionare la recepie, control statistic de calitate
- specifications - norme de recepie ~ supra protest - acceptare sub protest
- trial - prob de recepie (a unei nave
noi); prob de accept (al unei cambii
de ctre tras)
accepted adj. acceptat
~ bill - accept, cambie acceptat
acceptor s. acceptant
~ for honour - acceptant pentru
onoare (al unei cambii)
~r supra protest - acceptant sub protest
(al unei cambii)
accession s. cretere, adaos, suplimentare; acumulare
~ rate - rata creterii (forei de munc,
exprimat ca procent al numrului
mediu de muncitori ntr-o perioad
determinate de (imp)
accident s. accident
- frequency rate - rata frecvenei accidentelor (la un milion de ore-munc ntr-un an)
- insurance - asigurare mpotriva accidentelor
~ prevention - norme de tehnica
securitii muncii
~ - prone - predispus la accidente
~ - repeater - persoan care a avut
multe accidente
accidental adj. accidental
- collision - (asig. mar.) coliziune
accidental
accommodate v.t. 1. a caza, a gazdui 2.
a ajusta, a potrivi 3. a amenaja (o nav
pentru o anumit clas de pasageri sau
pentru transportul de mar/a) 4. a
mprumuta (bani)
accommodation s. 1. cazare; pi.
amenajri (la bordul navei); loc (la
hotel, pe o nav etc.); birou 2. ajustare,
potrivire 3. mprumut
~ acceptance/bill/note - cambie de
complezen
- endorsement - andosare de
complezen
~ train - (SUA) tren personal
account s. 1. calcul, socoteal 2. cont
3. factur, not de plat 4. client 5.

siruatie, raport, dare de seam

~ balance - bilan
~ book - registru contabil
~ current - cont curent
~ day - (bur.) zi de lichidare
~ director - director de echip (unul
dintre principalii manageri ai unei
agenii de publicitate, care conduce
echipa nsrcinat cu deservirea unui
client)
-holder - titular de cont
- management - management al contului
- manager - administrator de cont
- of expenses - situaie a cheltuielilor

18
ACC-ACQ
I
~ payee - n contul beneficiarului
(formula pe un cec)
~ period - exerciiu financiar
~ reconcilement service - serviciu de
reconciliere a conturilor (cu evidentele
clientului unei band)
~ rendered - cont remis
- sales - cont de vnzri ~ s department - contabilitate, serviciu contabil
- s payable - (cont.) conturi de datorii;
creditor
~ s receivable - (cont.) conturi de
creane; debitor
- s receivable financing - finanare
prin conturile de creane
~ s receivable turnover - vitez de
rotaie a debitorilor
accountable adj. rspunztor, responsabil
accountancy s. contabilitate
accounting s. 1. eviden contabil 2.
contabilitate
~ cost - pre de cost contabil
~ currency - unitate monetar de cont
~ department - contabilitate, serviciu
contabil
~ equation - egalizare contabil
~ information processing cycle ciclu de prelucrare a informatiei
contabile
~ machine - main contabil de
calcul; main de facturat i contabilizat
~ period/year - exerciiu financiar
~ standards - standarde contabile
~ system - sistem contabil
accretion 5. cretere, acumulare
(mrirea valorii unui activ prin
cretere natural)
accrual s. (cont.) 1. cretere (continu), acumulare 2. pi. posturi tranzitorii
~ basis/concept - metoda posturilor tranzitorii
accrue v.i. a creste, a se acumula accumulation s. acumulare ~ of capital - acumulare de capital accumulative adj.
cumulativ ~ dividends - dividende cumulative (ale aciunilor preferential care nu au fast achitate la scaden)
accurate adj. corect, exact -description - descriere corect/exact (a unuiprodus ntr-o reclam) achiever s.
realizator (categoric de consumatori) acid adj. acid
~ test ratio - (fin.) rata testului acid (raportul active lichide - pasive curente folosit pentru determinarea
solvabilitii uneifirme) acknowledgement s. 1. confirmare (de primire) 2. recunoatere, acceptare 3. (dr.)
declaraie autentificat; cer-tificat
~ of debt - recunoatere a datoriei (confirmare m scris de ctre un debitor a sumeipe care o datoreaz) ~ of
receipt - confirmare de primire acquaintance s. cunotin; relaii (de afaceri)
acquisition s. achiziie ~ cost - cost de achiziie (al unei societi)
~ management - managementul achiziiei
acquisitive adj. acaparator, strngtor; animat de dorina de ctig

ADJ- AD V

21

ACQ-ACT____________________
acquisitiveness s. dorin de acaparare, sete de ctig
acquit v.t. a achita (o datorie, o persoan)
acquittal v. acquittance acquittance s. 1. achitare, scoatere de sub acuzaie 2. achitare (de datorii); chitan de
plat (integrate) acre s. acru (unitate de suprafa) acreage s. suprafa (calculat n acri) across prep, peste,
deasupra ~ - the-board -general, pe toat linia ~ - the-board tariff reductions - reduced liniare de taxe vamale
(redu-cerea cu aceleai procent a tuturor taxelor vamale ale rilor participante la o rund de negocieri
comerciale) ~ - the-counter - oficial, legal; vndut n magazin/cu amnuntul ~ - the-counter sales - vnzri cu
amnuntul
act s. 1. act; aciune 2. act, document 3. lege
~ and deed - document juridic ~ in law - act legal
~ of God - for major; (mar.) cala-mitate natural (termen contractual de navlosire i conosament) ~ of grace amnistie; graiere
- of Parliament - lege
~ of war - act de rzboi
acting adj. interimar
~ manager - administrator delegat;
director interimar
~ member - membru supleant
~ order - delegaie, mandat
~ partner - comanditat
action s. 1. aciune 2. aciune judiciar,
proces
- at law - aciune judiciar
~ for damages - aciune judiciar
pentru daune
~ in rem - (mar.) aciune real (pentru
arestarea unei nave)
active adj. activ
~ account - cont activ (de operaiuni)
~ assets - (fin.) active productive (care
aduc dobnd)
~ balance - balan (comercial, de
pli) activ
- bond - obligaiune activ (CM
dobndfix)
~ capital - capital activ (active
pstrate sub forma de bani sou sub
oricare alt forma care poate fi rapid
transformat m numerar)
~ circulation - circulaie activ (bani
aflai efectiv m circulate)
~ file - dosar activ/n folosin
~ income - venit activ/din salariu
~ law - lege m vigoare
- market - (bur.) pia activ
~ money - bani activi (aflaft efectiv m
circulatie)
~ partner - comanditat
~ population - populaie activ
~ shares - aciuni active (frecvent
tranzacionate)
~ trust - (dr.) tutel activ
actual adj. real; efectiv s. pi. actuals,
contracte actuale (ca opus al
contractelor futures')
~ cost - pre de cost efectiv
~ delivery - predare real/definitiv
- loss - (asig.) pierdere real ~ possession - (dr.) posesie de fapt ~ price - (bur.) pre efectiv (de
tranzacionare a actiunilor)

~ tare - tara efectiva (greutatea reald

a ambalajului)
~ total loss - (asig.) pierdere totala
reala
actuarial adj. actuarial
~ calculation - calcul/evaluare
actuarial(a)
actuary s. actuar, expert Tn calcule
statistice de asigurari
adaptive adj. flexibil
~ expectations - perspective/asteptari
flexibile (referitbr la valoarea viitoare
a unei variabile, estimatd in functie de
mai multi factori)
add v.t. 1. a adauga 2. (in) a include; a
pune la socoteala 3. (up) a totaliza v.i.
1. a aduna, a face o adunare 2. (to) a se
adauga la, a contribui la
added adj. adaugat
- value - valoare adaugata (diferenta
dintre cheltuielile efectuate de o
companie pentru achizifionarea de
materiale din exterior si ceea ce
primeste ca urmare a vdnzdrii
produselor sale finite)
~ value tax - taxa pe valoarea
adaugata
additional adj. aditional, suplimentar
~ duty - taxa vamala suplimentara
~ funds needed - fonduri suplimentare necesare (pe care o firmd
trebuie sd Ie obtind din exterior prin
imprumut sau vdnzare de actiuni)
~ insurance - asigurare suplimentara
~ postage - suprataxa postala/de
francare
~ premium - prima suplimentara de
asigurare
~ risk - (asig.) rise suplimentar
~ security - garantie suplimentara

address s. adresa v.t. a adresa

~ book - camet de adrese
~ commission - (mar.) comision de
adresa (platit de navd in portui de
descdrcare)
~ label - eticheta cu adresa
addressee s. destinatar
addresser s. expeditor
adequate adj. adecvat, corespunzator
~ sample - mostra reprezentativa
~ security - garantie corespunzatoare
adhesive adj. adeziv
- label - eticheta colanta
~ stamp - timbru adeziv
adjective adj. accesoriu, anex
- law - (dr.) procedura
adjourn v.t. a amana; a suspenda (o
sedinfd)
adjournment s. amanare; suspendare
~ sine die - amanare sine die
adjudicate v.t. a judeca (un proces); a
da (o sentintd) v.i. fupon) a da o
sentinta cu privire la, a se pronun^a
asupra
adjudication s. judecare (a unui
proces); sentinta, hotarare judecatoreasca
~ order - declarare m stare de faliment
adjust v.t. 1. a aranja, a sistematiza 2. a
ajusta, a adapta 3. a corecta, a rectifica
4. (asig.) a determina, a evalua
(daunele)
adjustable adj. ajustabil, variabil
~ currency - moneda elastica
~ rate mortgage - ipoteca cu dobanda
variabila
adjuster s. (asig.) specialist compensator; (asig. mar.) dispasor
adjustments. 1. aranjare, sistematizare

2. ajustare, adaptare 3. rectificare (a

ADJ-ADV

unui cont) 4. (asig.) determinare,

evaluare (a daunelor) 5. (asig. mar.)
dispasa, regulament de avarie comuna
~ account - (cont.) cont de control/
rectificare
~ bond - (SUA) obligatiune de reorganizare (rezultata din reorganizarea
unuiconcern)
~ mechanism - mecanism de echilibrare (a balanfei comerciale)
~ of average - (asig. mar.) mtocmire a
dispasei (de avarie comuna)
administration s. 1. administrare, conducere; gestionare; gerare 2. administratie; guvern
~ costs/expenses - cheltuieli administrative/de regie
- of estates - (dr.) administrare a
averii (apartindnd unei persoane
decedate)
~ order - (dr.) ordin de administrare (a
unei societati
insolvabile,
ca
alternativa la lichidarea ei)
administrative adj. administrativ
~ control - control administrativ
~ data processing - informatica de
gestiune
~ expenses/overheads - cheltuieli
administrative/de regie
~ tribunal - tribunal administrativ
administrator s. 1. administrator 2.
(dr.) executor testamentar; tutore;
administrator
admiralty s. amiralitate
~ court - tribunal maritim
-jurisdiction - jurisdictie maritima ~
law - drept maritim ~ mile - mila marina
engleza admission s. 1. intrare,
acces 2. acceptare, admitere

21

- fee - taxa de intrare

- to quotation - acceptare pentru
cotare (a acfiunilor unei societati la
bursd)
adoption 5. acceptare
- curve - curba acceptarii (unui produs
nou pe piatd)
adulterate v.t. a falsifica, a contraface
adj. falsificat, contrafacut adulteration s.
falsificare, contrafacere
- of coinage - falsificare/depreciere a
monedei
advance v.t. 1. a avansa (pe cineva) 2. a
creste, a majora (preturi) 3. a avansa
(bani) 4. a promova (interese) v.i. 1. a
avansa (in functie) 2. a creste, a se
majora (despre preturi) s. 1. avansare
(in functie) 2. crestere, majorare (de
prefuri) 3. avans; imprumut 4. acont,
arvuna adj. (platit) in avans
- against goods - avans in contul
marfurilor
- freight - navlu platit anticipat
- money - acont, arvuna
- on bottomry - avans de imprumut
maritim
adventure s. 1. intreprindere/afacere
riscanta 2. (asig. mar.) rise
adverse adj. advers, nefavorabil
- balance of trade - balanta comerciala
pasiva/deficitara
- budget - buget deficitar
- possession - (dr.) uzucapiune
advertise v.t. a anunta (in ziar, la radio
etc.) v.i. a face reclama/publicitate; a da
un anunt
advertisement s. reclama; anunt (in
ziar etc.)
~ hoarding - panou publicitar

22
ADV-AGE
~ rates - tarife de publicare a
anunturilor/reclamelor
advertiser s. 1. persoan care public
un anun/o reclam 2. ziar/revist de
anunuri/reclame
advertising s. publicitate
- agency - agenie de publicitate ~ agent - agent de publicitate
- appropriation - alocare de fonduri pentru publicitate
- budget - buget pentru publicitate
~ campaign/drive * campanie de
publicitate
~ character - figur simboliznd
marca de fabric sau produsul
~ directory - anuar de publicitate
~ manager - ef al departamentului de
publicitate
- media - mijloace publicitare
~ research - cercetri n domeniul
publicitii
~ standards - standarde publicitare
(ansamblu de norme etice i legale)
advertorial s. advertorial (articol de
fond, editorial special conceput pentru
a face publicitate unuiprodus)
advice s. aviz
~ note - (com., fin.) not/scrisoare de
avizare
~ of credit - confirmare a creditului
~ of delivery - aviz de primire (la
pot)
~ of dispatch - (com.) aviz de
expediie
~ of shipment - (mar.) aviz de
expediie
adviser s. consilier; consultant
advisory adj. consultativ
~ committee - comitet consultativ
~ service - serviciu consultativ
advocate s. avocat (pledant)
affair s. afacere, problem; pi. afaceri
affidavit s. (dr.) afidavit, depoziie, sub
jurmnt
affiliate s. asociat, afiliat; filial v.t. a
afilia, a primi ca membru; a recunoaste
ca filial v.L a se asocia, a se afilia
affix v.t. a pune, a aplica (tampila,
semntura, timbrul)
afforest v.t. a mpduri
affreight v.t. (mar.) a navlosi, a afreta
affreighter s. (mar.) navlosi tor
affreightment s. (mar.) navlosire,
afretare
afloat adv. 1. pe mare (referitor la
mrfurile n expediie) 2. fr datorii
(despre o afacere)
aforesaid adj. sus-numit
after prep, dup
~ date - de la data

~ - hours dealings - tranzacii neoficiale/dup nchiderea bursei

- - hours price - pre neoficial/dup nchiderea bursei
~ - sales service - service, serviciu postvnzare/de ntreinere
- sight - dup prezentare
~ - tax profit - profit impozitat
against prep, contra, mpotriva
~ all risks - (asig. mar.) contra tuturor
riscurilor
age s. vrst
- admitted - (asig.) vrst admis (n
cazul unei polite de asigurare de via)
~ allowance/relief - reduced fiscale
pentru vrst
~ discrimination - discriminare de
vrst (la angajare)
~ limit - limit de vrst (pentru
pensionare)

AGE-AGR
23
~ profile - structur a varstei
(angajailor dintr-o firm, un sector
industrial etc.)
agency s. agenie; reprezentan;
reprezentare
~ contract - contract de reprezenta
~ costs - costuri de reprezentare/
mandat
(costuri
asociate
cu
monitorizarea aciunilor administraiei
pentru a verifica dac aces tea respecta
angajamentele contractuale dintre
conducere, acionari i creditori)
~ fee - comision de repre/entare
~ problem - problem de reprezentare/mandat (un potential conflict de
interese ntre acionarii unei firme i
conducerea
acesteia
sau
ntre
obligatari i acionan)
agenda s. agenda, ordine de zi
agent s. 1. agent; reprez.entant 2. agent,
factor
~ bank - banc-agent (desemnat de
un consoriu bancar s administreze un
mprumut sindicalizat)
~ s of production - factori de producie
aggregate adj. global, total
analysis - macroeconomie
~ demand - cerere global
~ output - producie global/total
~ planning - planificare global
~ rebate - (com.) rabat global (acordat
de furnizor detailistului m anumite
condiii)
~ supply - ofert global
aggressive adj. agresiv; energic, activ
~ asset - (bur.) activ agresiv (activ cu
un coeficient beta mai mare dect eel
al pieei)
~ portfolio - portofoliu agresiv
(aciuni pstrate n sperana creterii
valorii lor pentru specularea ulterioar)
~ sales policy - politic agresiv de
vnzri
agio s. (fin.) agio
agiotage s. (fin.) agiotaj
agrarian adj. agrar s. adept al
reformelor agrare
- reform - reform agrar agree v.i. 1. a fi de acord, a consimti, a conveni 2. a corespunde, a se potrivi agreed adj.
convenit, stabilit
- and liquidated damages - (asig. mar.) avarii acceptate i evaluate
- price - pre convenit/stabilit
- terms - condiii convenite/stabilite,
termeni contractuali
agreement s. acord, convenie,
nelegere
- to sell - convenie de vnzare la

termen
agricultural adj. agricol
~ area - zon agricol
- bank - banc agricol
- biology - agrobiologie
- chemistry - agrochimie
- cooperative - cooperativ agricol
- credit - credit agricol ~ economics - agronomie
- engineer - inginer agronom
- engineering - agrotehnic
- exhibition - expoziie agricol
- machinery - utilaj agricol
- unit of account - imitate agricol de cont
agriculture s. 1. agricultur 2. agronomie agroindustry s. agroindustrie

24
AGR-ALL
agronomist s. agronom
agronomy s. agronomic
aid s. ajutor, sprijin, suport
~ loan - mprumut de asisten
~ s to trade - ajutor/sprijin pentru
comert (serviciile bancare, de publicitate, asigurri, transporturi)
air s. aer
- cargo - ncrctur transportat cu
avionul
~ carrier - avion de transport
~ consignment note/waybill - fraht
aerian
~ - cushion vehicle - nav pe pern de
aer
~ mail - pot aerian
airborne adj. transportabil pe calea
aerului
airbus s. airbus, avion de transport de
pasageri (de man ditnensiuni)
aircraft s. aeronav; avion; avioane
airline s. 1. linie aerian 2. pi.
companie de transporturi aeriene
airliner s. avion de linie
airport s. aeroport
airways s. pi. companie de transporturi
aeriene
airworthy adj. capabil de zbor
aleatory adj. aleatoriu
~ contract - (asig.) contract aleatoriu
alien adj. strain
~ duty - (mar.) supratax de pavilion
alienable adj. alienabil
- property - bun alienabil
alienate v.t. (dr.) a aliena, a mstraina
alimony s. pensie alimentar, ntreinere
all adj., adv. tot
~ - in - cuprinznd toate (cheltuielile,
riscurile etc.), general
~ - purpose bank - banc universal ~ rights reserved - toate drepturile rezervate
~ risks - (asig.) toate riscurile ~ - risks insurance - asigurare pentru toate riscurile
~ risks whatsoever - (asig. mar.) toate riscurile, oricare ar fi acestea ~ - round - global, general ~ time saved both
ends - (mar.) tot timpul economisit n ambele porturi (de operare)
alliance s. alian allocate v.t. a aloca, a repartiza allocation s. 1. alocare, repartizare 2. alocaie
~ of resources - alocare a resurselor ~ of responsibilities - (man.) repartizare a responsabilitilor allonge s. alonj
(la cambie) allot v.t. a aloca, a atribui, a repartiza allotment s. 1. alocare, atribuire, repartizare 2. parcel, lot
de pmnt (dat n arend uneifamilii) ~ letter - aviz de atribuire a actiunilor ~ money - vrsmnt la atribuirea
actiunilor
~ note - (mar.) delegaie pentru ncasarea salariului ~ of shares - atribuire a actiunilor allottee s.
persoan creia i se aloca/atribuie aciuni etc. allow v.t. 1. a ngdui, a permite 2. a da, a acorda (bani, timp)
allowable adj. admisibil, permis; legal allowance s. 1. reducere; (com.) bonificaie, rabat 2. alocaie,
ajutor (bnesc) 3. indemnizaie 4. toleran (admis la greutatea monedelor) v.t. a raionaliza (alimente)

ALM-AMU
25
almshouse s. azil pentru sraci
alongside (mar.) adv. (acostat) cu
bordul la chei; bord la bord prep, de-a
lungul (bordului)
~ date - zi/data de acostare la dan
~ delivery - predare sotto palanco
~ ship - de-a lungul bordului navei
(referitor la predarea sau primirea
mrfli)
to be ~ - a fi acostat
alpha 5. alfa
- coefficient/factor - (bur.) coeficient/
factor alfa (evaluarea ratei de
rehabilitate a aciunilor unei societi
fr raportarea la indicele pieei
bursiere)
~ shares - aciuni alfa (foarte sigure i
rentabile)
alternate adj. alternativ v.t., v.i. a
alterna
- demand - cerere alterna-tiv/combinat (cerere de produse ori factori deproducie interanjabili) ~ director nlocuitor (al unui membru dintr-un consiliu de administrate)
alternative s. alternativ adj. alternativ ~ offer - ofert alternativ ~ payee - beneficiar alternativ (al unei cambii,
al unui cec)
~ (use) cost - cost al unei decizii n detrimentul alteia
always adj. ntotdeauna, permanent ~ afloat - permanent n stare de plutire (condiie de navlosire) ~ afloat or
safely aground - permanent in stare de plutire sau euat fr pericol
~ safely afloat - permanent m stare de plutire sigur
amalgamate v.t. a unifica (dou
societi) v.i. a fuziona
amalgamation s. unificare, fuzionare
amass v.t. a acumula, a aduna
amend v.t. La mbunti, a ameliora;
a corecta, a rectifica 2. a amenda (o
lege)
amendment s. 1. mbuntire, ameliorare; corectare, rectificare 2. amendament
amenities s. pi. nlesniri, avantaje
(acordate angajailor n afara salariului)
American adj. american
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza american
~ depository receipt - certificat
american de depozit (certificat emis de
o banc american n contul unor
titluri de valoare strine)
~ option - (bur.) opiune american
(care poate fi exercitat oricnd
nainte de sfritul exerciiului)
~ ton - ton american/scurt
amidships adj. la mijlocul (navei)
amortization 5. (cont., fin.) amortizare;
amortisment
~ schedule - program de amortizare
amortize v.t. 1. (cont., fin.) a amortiza
2. a transmite, a transfera (o proprietate

inalienabil)
amount s. 1. sum, total 2. cantitate;
cuantum; volum; valoare v.i. (to) a
ajunge la, a se ridica la
~ brought/carried forward - (cont.)
report, sum reportat
ampersand s. semnul &
amusement 5. distracie
~ industry - industria distraciilor/spectacolelor

26
AMU-APP
- shares - aciuni ale societilor din
industria distraciilor/spectacolelor
analysis s. analiz, studiu
analyst s. analist, specialist n analize
anchor s. ancor v.i. a ancora
~ and chain clause - (asig. mar.)
clauza ancorei i a lantului
~ currency - valuta de referin
(valuta forte n funcie de care se
stabilete paritatea unei monede mat
slabe)
anchorage s. 1. ancorare, ancoraj 2.
taxe de ancoraj 3. loc de ancoraj
~ charges/dues - taxe de ancoraj
ancillaries s.pl. ajutor, sprijin, suport
- to trade - ajutor/sprijin pentru comer
and conj. i
- company - i compania
~ reduced - i cu capital redus (cuvinte
care apar dup numele unei companii
care, prin reorganizare, i-a redus
capitalul)
animal s. animal
~ testing - testare pe animale (a produselor casnice sau a medicamentelor)
animatic s. animatic (fragmentele in
micare dintr-un clip publicitar televizat)
annex s. anex v.t. a anexa, a alarura
announcement s. anun, anunare
~ effect efectul anunrii (gradul m
care consumatorul realizeaz c
pltete un impozit care este Indus m
preul de vnzare al unuiprodus)
annual adj. anual
~ accounts - (cont.) conturi anuale/finale
~ general meeting - adunarea general
anual (a actionarilor)
~ income - venit anual
~ leave - concediu de odihn
~ percentage rate - rat procentual
anual (a dobanzii)
~ premium - (asig.) prim anual
~ report - raport anual (trimis de o
societate actionarilor ei)
~ return - situaie anual (a unei
societi, cerut de registrul comerului)
~ value - (fin.) valoare anual (a unui
activ, luat ca baza, de calcul a
impozitelor)
annuitant s. (asig.) beneficiar al unei
anuiti
annuity s. anuitate
~ bond - obligaiune perpetu/far termen/scaden
~ certain - (asig.) anuitate la termen

(serviciile

bancare,

de publicitate, asigurri, transporturi)

- insurance - asigurare cu anuitate

antedate s. antedat v.t. a antedata
anticipation s. 1. anticipare 2. plat
anticipat; avans 3. (dr.) exercitare
anticipat (dreptul unei persoane, care
trebuie s primeasc un venit la o data
viitoare, de a-i exercita acest drept n
avans)
anticipatory adj. anticipat
~ damage - (asig.) avarie probabil/anticipat
antidumping s. antidumping
anti-inflationary adj. antiinflaionist
~ measures - msuri antiinflaioniste
~ trends - tendine antiinflaioniste
antitrust adj. antitrust
~ legislation - legislate antitrust
apparent adj. vizibil, evident
~ damage - (mar.) avarie vizibil

APP-ARB
27
appeal s. apel, recurs v.t. a aduce (un
proces) n faa unei instane superioare
v.i. a face apel, a declara recurs
~ court - curte de apel
to allow an ~ - a admite un apel
to dismiss an ~ - a respinge un apel
to hear an ~ - a judeca un apel
appellant s. (dr.) apel ant
appellate adj. de apel
~ court - curte de apel
~ jurisdiction - jurisdicie de apel
append v.t. 1. a anexa, a atasa (un
document) 2. a pune, a aplica (o
semntur)
appendix 5. apendice, supliment, anex
applicant s. solicitant (pentru o
licen, un post etc.)
application 5. cerere, solicitare
- for quotation (bur.) cerere de cotare
- for shares - subscriere la aciuni
- form - formular de subscriere
- money - vrsmnt la subscrierea
aciunilor
applied adj. aplicat, practic
~ economics - economie aplicat
apply v.t. a folosi, a afecta v.i. 1 (for) a
cere, a solicita; a se adresa pentru 2.ftoj
a se adresa, a apela la
appoint v.i. 1. a numi, a desemna
(ntr-o functie) 2. a fixa, a stabili (un
termen) 3. a dota, a echipa
appointed adj. 1. numit, desemnat 2.
fixat, stabilit 3. dotat, echipat
~ agent - reprezentant autorizat
appointee s. persoan numit (ntr-o
funcie)
appointment s. 1. numire, desemnare
2. functie; post 3. ntrevedere, ntlnire
4. pi. amenajri, dotri; mobilier
apportion v.t. a distribui, a repartiza
(proportional)
apportionment s. distribute, repartizare (proporional)
~ of valuation - (asig. mar.)
repartizare a valorii de asigurare
appraisal s. evaluare, apreciere
appraise v.t. a evalua, a aprecia
appraisement v. appraisal
appraiser s. evaluator, expert de
evaluare; taxator
appreciation s. (bur., cont., fin.)
apreciere, cretere (a valorii unui activ)
~ surplus - excedent valeric (cnd
valoarea de pia a activelor unei
societi este mat mare dect valoarea
contabil)
apprentice s. ucenic v.t. a da la
ucenicie

apprenticeship 5. ucenicie
appropriation s. 1. apropriere, nsuire
2. alocare, repartizare (defonduri)
~ account - (cont.) cont de alocare/
repartizare (a profitului net)
~ bill - proiect de lege fmanciara
(pentru alocaii bugetare)
~ in-aid -^subvenie, subsidiu
approval s. aprobare, confirmare
appurtenances s.pl. accesorii; furnituri
arable adj. arabil s. teren arabil
~ land - teren arabil
arbitrage s. arbitraj (valutar, de burs,
de schirnb etc.)
~ of exchange - arbitraj de schimb
-syndicate-sindicat arbitrajist
arbitrage(u)r s. specialist n operaii
de arbitraj
arbitration s. arbitraj (m conflicte de
rnunca etc.)
~ agreement - acord de arbitraj

28
ARE-ASS
~ award - decizie de arbitraj
~ clause - clauz de arbitraj
~ court - curte de arbitraj
~ of exchange - arbitraj de schimb
arbitrator s. arbitru
are s. ar
area s. arie, suprafa; regiune, zon
~ manager - ef/responsabil de zon
~ of supply - (com.) zon deservit
arrear 5. 1. datorie, restan; arierat 2.
restan, rmnere n urm
~ s of wages - restane salariale
~ s of work - lucrri restante
arrearage s. arierat
arrest s. arestare, reinere, sechestrare
v.t. a aresta, a retine, a sechestra
~ of ship - sechestru asigurtor asupra
navei
arrival s. sosire
~ condition - stare (a marfurilor) la
sosire
~ notice - avizare a sosirii (marfurilor)
~ platform - peron de sosire
- s and departures - (c.f.) sosiri i plecri
- s and sailings - (mar.) sosiri i
plecri
arson s. (asig., dr.) incendiere
premeditat
article 5. 1. articol (de ziar) 2. articol,
paragraf, punct; pi. contract 3. articol
(comercial), produs
~ s and conditions - caiet de sarcini
~ s of agreement - contract de
angajare (pe o nav comercial)
~ s of apprenticeship - contract de
ucenicie
~ s of association - statut (al unei
societi) >
~ s of partnership - contract de
asociere
artificial adj. artificial
~ harbour - port artificial
~ intelligence - inteligen artificial
~ person - persoan juridic
artisan s. artizan, meteugar
as adv. la fel, tot att de prep, ca
-at-fconr.jladata
~ customary - (com.) conform uzului
~ from - cu ncepere de la data
~ loan - cu titlu de mprumut
~ per advice - conform avizului
(formula pe o cambie)
~ per contra - (cont.) n contrapartid
~ seen - (com.) dup cum se vede (far
nici unfel de garanie pentru mrfurile
vndute)
ashipboard adv. la bord, pe nav
ashore adv. la mal/rm; pe uscat

ask s. (SUA) pre cerut v.t. a cere

~ price - pre cerut (pre la care un
dealer va vinde aciunile pe care le
define)
assay (fin.) s. analiza/stabilire a titrului
v.t. a stabili titrul (unui metalpreios)
~ mark - marc de titru
- master - expert (guvernamental)
care declar un titru
~ office - laborator pentru analize de
titru
assayer s. chimist-analist (care
determine titrul)
assemble v.t. 1. a convoca, a ntruni 2.
a asambla, a monta
assembly s. 1. adunare, ntrunire 2.
asamblare, montare 3. agregat, grup
~ line - line de asamblare/montaj
~ production - producie n flux/pe
band

ASS
29
~ room - sal de ntruniri ~ shop - atelier de montaj assess v.t. 1. a estima, a aprecia; a evalua (o proprietate
pentru stabilirea impozitelor, a asigurarilor) 2. a fixa suma (impozitelor, despgubirilor etc.) 3. aimpune, a tax a
assessable adj. 1. estimabil, evaluabil 2. impozabil
~ damage - avarie evaluabil ~- income - venit impozabil assessment s. 1. estimare, apreciere; evaluare 2.
impunere, taxare assessor s. 1. agent fiscal, evaluator (care jixeaza impozitele) 2. (asig.) expert de evaluare
(a daunelor) 3. (dr.) asesor
asset s. 1. lucru util; calitate, nsuire 2. (cont., dr., fin.) activ ~ and liability statement - (SUA) bilan
~ - backed loan - credit garantat cu active
~ backing/value per share - valoare a activelor pe aciune (yaloarea contabil totl a activelor unei societi
mprit la numrul de aciuni comune emise) ~ cover - (fin.) acoperire prin active (indice care arat de cte ori
activul net al unei societi poate acoperi datoria pe care aceasta a contractat-o) ~ management - (fin.)
managementul activelor (gestionarea activelor unei instituii financiare) ~ stripping - lichidare a activelor
(achiziionarea ieftin a unei societi fie pentru revnzarea activelor i nchiderea firmei, fie pentru lichidarea
activelor nerentabile i realizarea de
noi investiii nfirm)
~ structure - (fin.) structura activelor
- turnover - (fin.) randamentul activelor (raportul dintre vnzrile unei societi i activele ei)
- s and drawbacks - avantaje i
dezavantaje
~ s and liabilities - activ i pasiv
~ s side - (cont.) coloana activelor
- s value - (cont.) valoarea activelor
assign s. mputernicit, mandatar;
cesionar v.t. 1. a aloca, a repartiza 2. a
fixa, a stabili (o data, o sarcin) 3. a
numi n (funcie) 4. (dr.) a ceda, a
cesiona
assignable adj. cesionabil
~ debt - crean cesionabil
assignee s. (dr.) cesionar
~ in bankruptcy - judector sindic
pentru administrarea bunurilor falitului
assignment 5. 1. alocare, repartizare 2.
fixare, stabilire (a unei date, a unei
sarcini) 3. numire (n funcie) 4. (dr.)
cesionare; cesiune
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauz de
cesiune
~ of copyright - cedare a drepturilor
de autor
~ of debts - cesiune de crean
assignor s. (dr.) cedent
assistance
s.
asisten,
ajutor
(economic, tehnic etc.)
assistant s. asistent; adjunct adj.
subordonat; adjunct
~ accountant - contabil adjunct
~ manager - director adjunct
associate s. asocial, partener v.i. a se
asocia
association s. asociaie, societate

30
ASS-AUC
assort v.t. a asorta, a aproviziona (un
magazin) cu mrftiri variate
assortment s. (com.) asortiment
assurance s. asigurare (maritima sau
de via)
asymmetric adj. asimetric
~ information - informaie asimetric
(cu distribute inegal ntre participanii la o'tranzactie)
at prep, la
~ and from - (asig. mar.) la i de la
~ arm's length - la distan/respect
(despre o tranzacie care nu se
realizeaz ntre dou pri nrudite,
cum arfi o companie ifiliala sd)
~ best - (bur.) la eel mai bun pre
~ call - la cerere (despre o sum
depus n banc)
~ no charge - gratuit
~ or better - (bur.) la preul specificat
sau la un pre mai bun
~ par - (bur.) la paritate/valoarea
nominal
~ risk - (asig.) cu rise
~ sea - (asig. mar.) pe mare, n timpul
navigaiei
~ ship's rail - (mar.) la balustrada
navei (formula dintr-un conosament
care arat c responsabilitatea armatorului fa de caric nceteaz cnd
ncrctura poate fl descrcat))
~ sight - la vedere (despre o cambie)
~ (the) market - la preul pieei
athwartships adv. transversal pe nav
~ stowage - stivuire transversal (pe
limea magaziei)
atomistic adj. atomist
~ competition - concuren atomistV
perfect
~ test - testare fracionat (a elementelor individuale care intr m
componena unei reclame sau a unui
ambalaj)
attache s. ataat (diplomatic)
-case - serviet-diplomat
attachment s. (dr.) arestare; sechestru
attendance s. 1. prezen; frecven 2.
asisten, public 3. ngrijire; servicii
~ book - condic de prezen
~ time - timp petrecut la locul de
munc
attest v.t. a atesta; a autentifica, a
legaliza
attitude s. atitudine, comportament
~ survey - analiz comportamental
(iniiat de conducerea unei ntreprinderi pentru a afla cauza relaiilor
necorespunztoare dintre patronat i

salariai)
attorney s. 1. avocat 2. mputernicit,
mandatar
~ - at-large - avocat cu drept de acces
la toate instanele
- - at-law - avocat
Attorney General - procurer general;
(SUA) ministru de justiie
- - in-fact - mputernicit
- special - avocat cu acces la o
anumit instan
attractive adj. atractiv (depre un pre,
o ofert etc.)
attributable adj. atnbuibil
- profit - (man.) profit atnbuibil
(profit care poate fi atribuit unui sector
sau unui departament dintr-o organizafie)
auction s. licitaie v.t. (i ~ off) a vinde
la licitaie
~ room - sal de licitaie

AUC-AVA
31
~ sale - vnzare la licitaie
auctioneer s. licitator
audience s. audien
~ research - studiu de audien (a
emisiunilor de radio i televiziune)
audit s. audit, revizie contabil v.t. a
verifica, a revizui (registre contabile)
v.i, a face o revizie contabil
~ committee - comisie de audit
(organism al consiliului de administratie)
auditor s. cenzor, revizor contabil
~ s'report - raport al cenzorilor
austerity s. austeritate
~ budget - buget de austeritate
~ poKcy - politic de austeritate
autarchy s. autarhie
autarky v. autarchy
authority 5. 1. autoritate; drept; competen 2. pi. autoriti, reprezentani ai
puterii de stat
~ to sign - drept de semntur
authorization s. autorizare, autorizaie
~ in writing - autorizaie scris
authorize v.t. a autoriza
authorized adj. autorizat
- agent - reprezentant autorizat
~ capital/issue/stock - capital autorizat/nominal
~ depository - depozitar autorizat
~ signature - semntur autorizat
autofinancing s. autofmantare
autograph s. autograf, semntur
original
~ signature - specimen de semntur
automatic adj. automat
- data processing - prelucrare automata a datelor ~ machine - automat
~ stabilizers - stabilizatori automai
(n teoria economic)
~ standard - (fin.) etalon automat
- teller machine - easier automat (la
banco), bancomat
automation s. automatizare
automobile s. automobil adj. auto; de
automobil
~ insurance - asigurare auto
automotive adj. auto; de automobil
~ engineering - construed e de
automobile
~ industry - industria de automobile
- shares - aciuni ale societilor din
industria de automobile
~ transport - transport auto
~ truck - autocamion
autonomous adj. autonom
~ investment - irivestiie autonom
(cheltuieli de investiie care nu sunt
induse de modificari ale nivelului

produciei, ci sunt realizate pentru

dezvoltarea infrastructure)
availability s. 1. disponibilitate 2.
valabilitate
available adj. 1. disponibil 2. valabil
~ assets - active lichide, disponibiliti
average s. 1. (valoare) medie 2. (asig.
mar.) avarie adj. mediu, mijlociu v.t.. a
calcula media, a evalua n medie
~ adjuster/stater/taker - (asig. mar.)
dispaor, expert de evaluare a avariei,
lichidator de avarie
~ adjustment/statement - (asig. mar.)
dispa de avarie comun, repartizare/
reglementare a avariei
~ agent - comisar de avarie
~ agreement - compromis de avarie
~ as customary - despgubire a
pagubelor de avarie ca de obicei"

32
AVA-AX
~ bond - contribuie la avaria comun; compromis de avarie comun ~ certificate - certificat de avarie
- clause - clauza avariei
~ collection period - (fin.) perioad
medie de colectare (valoarea medie a
conturilor de creane exprimat m zile)
~ cost - cost mediu (pe unitatea de
producie)
~ - cost pricing - determinate a
preurilor de vnzare pe baza costurilor
medii
~ (due) date - scaden medie
~ loss - pierdere in avaria comun
~ output - producie medie
~ price - pre mediu
- propensity to consume - nclinaie
-medie de a consuma
~ propensity to save - nclinaie medie
de a economisi
- quality - calitate medie
~ revenue - venit mediu (valoarea
total a vnzrilor mprit la
numrul de uniti vndute)
~ sample - prob medie
~ tare - tar medie
~ tax rate - rata medie a impozitului
~ value - valoare medie
averaging s. (bur.) mediere (tranzacionare treptat/gradual prin cumprarea sau vnzarea de loturi de aciuni
din acelai packet la date i preuri
diferite)
~ down - cumprare de aciuni pe o
pia n scdere
-in - cumprare de aciuni pe o pia n scdere (dac scderea atinge un anumit nivel)
~ out - vnzare de aciuni pe o pia n
cretere (dac creterea atinge un
anumit nivel)
~ up - cumprare de aciuni pe o pia
n cretere
aviation s. aviaie
~ broker - agent de transporturi i
asigurri aeriene
~ insurance - asigurare aviatic
~ shares - aciuni ale societilor din
industria aviatic
aviso s. (mar.) avizo
avoid v.t. a anula, a rezilia (un
contract)
avoidable adj. evitabil, care poate fi
nlturat
- costs - costuri variabile
avoidance s. anulare, reziliere
~ clause - clauz rezolutorie
avoirdupois s. avoirdupois (sistem
englez de uniti de msur pentru
masa)
award s. 1. premiu 2. sentin judectoreasc; decizie arbitral (a unui

tribunal de arbitraj) v.t. la acorda (un

premiu) 2. a da (o sentin); a hotr (o
penalitate, o plat); a arbitra
awareness s. contientizare, cunoatere
(a calitilor unui produs de ctre
consumatori)
ax(e) s. reducere drastic (a cheltuielilor); restricii bugetare severe v.t. a
reduce drastic (cheltuieli, bugete)

B
baby 5. copil
~ bonds - obligaiuni cu valaare
nominal redus (maxim 100 de dolari)
~boomers - baby boomers (generatia
de consumatori nscui n perioada
urmtoare celui de-al doilea rzboi
mondial)
back s. verso adj. restant v.t. 1. a
susine, a sprijini (financiar) 2. a
andosa (un efect de comer)
~ charges - speze restante
~ freight - (mar.) navlu de napoiere
~ letter - (mar.) scrisoare de garanie
~ load - ncrctur de napoiere
~ orders - comenzi vechi/restante
~ pay - restan (de salariu)
~ - to-back loan - mprumut reciproc
(aranjament financiar prin care dou
companii se mprumut reciproc m
vederea operaiilor de export-import)
backdate v.t. a postdata
backed adj. 1. susinut, sprijinit
(financiar) 2. andosat
~ bill - cambie andosat
- note - (mar.) bon de livrare
backer s. 1. susintor; bancher,
financiar 2. andosator, andosant (al
unui efect de comer)
backhaul s. transport retur (cu
con trancrctur)
backing s. 1. sprijin, ajutor 2. (fin.)
acoperire
- of currency - acoperire a monedei backlog,?. restan
- of debts - datorii acumulate
~ of orders - portofoliu de comenzi
neonorate
backward adj. 1. invers 2. napoiat;
ntrziat
~ integration - integrare vertical
(integrarea produciei cu sursele de
aprovizionare i cu pieele de
desfacere)
~ letter - (mar.) scrisoare de garanie
backwardation s. (bur.) deport
backwardization v. backwardation
bad adj. ru, prost
~ claim - reclamaie/pretenie nefondat
~ coin - moned falsa
- debt - datorie neperformanta
~ debtor - debitor ru platnic
~ debts account - (cont.) cont de
creane nerecuperabile
~ delivery - (bur.) transmitere/predare
necorespunztoare (a actiunilor)
~ paper - efecte de comert necorespunztoare (care nu potfi onorate)
~ payer - ru platnic
~ stowage-- stivuire incorect/ne-

corespunztoare
bag s. sac; pung v.t. a nscui
cargo - caric/ncrctur n saci
baggage s. bagaj
~ check - recipis de bagaj e
~ declaration - declaraie de bagaje (la
vam)
~ policy - poli de asigurare a
bagaj elor

34
BAG-BAN
~ room - casa de bagaje
~ sufferance - (mar.) permis vamal de
bagaje
bail 5. 1. cautiune; garantie 2. garant
v.t. (i -out) 1. a elibera pe cautiune 2.
a depune (mar/a) in garantie
to go/to become ~ for - a chezasui, a
garanta pentru
bailable adj. care poate fi eliberat pe
caufiune
bailee 5. depozitar (de marfuri) pe
baza de contract
bailiff s. portarel
bailment s. 1. eliberare pe cautiune 2.
depunere (de marfuri) pe baza de
contract; act de depozit in garantie
bailor s. deponent (de marfuri) pe baza
de contract
balance 5. 1. balanta, cantar 2. (cont.)
sold v.t. 1. a balansa (un cont) 2. a
echilibra (un buget)
~ book - registru de solduri
~ brought forward - sold reportat
~ due - sold debitor
~ in/on hand - sold creditor
~ of accounts - balanta de conturi
~ of concessions - balanta concesiilor
- of payments - balanta de plati
~ of trade - balanta comerciala
~ sheet - (cont.) bilant
balanced adj. echilibrat
~ budget - buget balansat/echilibrat
~ fund - fond mutual echilibrat (care
investete proportional in actiuni
comune, actiuni preferential i
obligafiuni)
~ growth - crestere echilibrata
~ (issue) load - caric/incarcatura complet(a) .
~ sample - selectie ponderata
bale s. bal, balot v.t. a ambala/a
Tmpacheta in baluri
~ capacity/cubic - capacitate in baluri
(a novel)
~ cargo - caric/incarcatura in baluri
- goods - marfuri in baluri
ballast (mar.) s. balast v.t. a balasta (o
nava), a incarca cu balast
~ declaration - declaratie de plecare in
balast (la vama)
~ draft/draught - pescaj in balast
~ passage/voyage - calatorie/voiaj in
balast
ballastage s. (mar.) 1. balastare,
imbarcare de balast 2. taxa de balastare
balloon s. balon
~ payment - plata majora (raid
substantial^ facuta in contul unui

imprumuf)
ban s. interzicere, interdic|ie v.t. a
interzice; a prohibi
bank s. banca v.t. a depune la banca
v.i. 1. a avea cont la banca 2. a fi
bancher; a mdeplini atributiile unei
banci
~ acceptance/bill - accept/cambie
bancar(a)
~ account - cont bancar
~ annuities - titluri de renta consolidata
~ balance - sold in banca
~ book - carnet/livret de banca
- charges/commission - comision
bancar
~ clearing - cliring bancar
- clerk - easier (de banca) ~ credit - credit bancar ~ deposit - depozit bancar ~ discount - scont comercial ~ draft trata bancara
1

BAN-BAR

~ examination - control al gestiunii

bancii
~ guarantee - garantie bancara
~ holiday - (SUA) mchidere temporara
a bancilor (prin decizie guvemamentald pentru a evita retrageri mari
de fonduri de cdtre populatia in
panicd)
~ holidays - sarbatori legale
~ insolvency - insolvabilitate bancara
~ interest - dobanda bancara
~ lending policy - politica de creditare
a bancii
~ liquidity - lichiditate bancara
~ loan - tmprumut bancar
~ note - bancnota
~ of commerce - banca comerciala
~ of deposit - banca de depuneri
~ of issue - banca de emisiune
~ overdraft - depasire a contului din
banca, credit prin cont descoperit
~ rate - taxa de scont
~ reserves - rezerve bancare
~ run - cerere de retragere a depunerilor din banca (de cdtre clienfi
intrafi in panicd)
~ statement - extras de cont
~ sweep arrangements - instruc^iuni
de virare din cont curent in cont de
depozit (sau invers)
bankable adj. care poate fi acceptat de
o banca
~ asset - activ acceptat (drept garanfie
de o banca)
banker s. 1. bancher 2. director de
banca
~'s acceptance/bill - accept/cambie
bancar(a)
~s' bank - banca centrala

35

~'s cheque/draft - trata bancara

~'s clearing house - oficiu de cliring
bancar
~s' deposits - depozite ale bancilor
comerciale (la banca centrala)
~'s discount - scont comercial
~'s enquiry/reference - referin^a a
bancii
~'s order - ordin de plata la intervale
regulate (din cont)
banking s. \. activitate bancara 2.
afaceri bancare; servicii bancare
-account - cont bancar
~ law - drept bancar; lege bancara;
legislate bancara
- structure - structura bancara (distribufia
bancilor care opereazd pe o anumitd piatd
in functie de numdr, amplasare 51
dimensiune)
- support - interventie bancara (pentru
sustinerea cursului) ~ syndicate - sindicat
bancar
-system- sistem bancar
bankrupt s. falit; debitor insolvabil
adj. falit, insolvabil v.t. a duce la
faliment, a falimenta
~'s certificate - (dr.) concordat
to go ~ - a da faliment
bankruptcy s. faliment, bancruta
~ level - nivel al datoriei pentru care se
poate declara falimentui
~ petition - (dr.) cerere de declarare In
stare de faliment
bar s. 1. bara 2. lingou
~ code - cod de bare (pe un produs)
bare adj. 1. gol, nud (despre o nova
fora echipaj) 2. neasigurat, fara
asigurare
~ boat - nava nuda (navlositd ford
echipaj)

36

~ - boat/- hull/- pole charter navlosire a navei nude; contract de

navlosire a navei nude
~ trust - (dr.) imputemicire pasiva
(prin care mandatarul nu are nici o
sarcind activa)

bargain s. 1. afacere, tranzactie, targ 2.

invoiala, targuiala 3. cumparare
avantajoasa, chilipir v.t. 1. a negocia, a
se targui pentru 2. (away) a vinde tn
pierdere v.i. a mcheia un targ, a cadea
la invoiala; a face o afacere
- and sale - contract de vanzare-cumparare
~ basement/counter - raion de solduri
~ hunter - persoana in cautare de
solduri/ocazii
~ maker - intermediar, misit
~ prices - preturi de sold
~ sale - lichidare a stocului, soldare
to be a ~ - a fi o ocazie/un chilipir
to hunt for ~s - a fi in cautare de
ocazii/chilipiruri
to drive a hard a se tocmi mult
bargaining s. negociere
~ power - drept de negociere (a unui
contract)

barge s. slep, baria, mahona, salanda

~ derrick - slep cu biga; ponton cu
biga de marfa
~ port - port cu alimbare
~ tank - slep-tanc petrolier
bargee s. slepar, membru al echipajului
unui slep
bargeman v. bargee
barometer s. barometru
~ stock - (bur.) actiuni - barometru
barrator s. persoana vinovata de
baraterie

BAR-BAS

barratry s. (asig. mar.) baraterie (acte

sdvdrsite de comandant sau echipaj, care
dduneazd navei sau caricului acesteia)
barrel s. 1. butoi, butoias 2. baril (unitate
de capacitate) ~ cargo - caric/incarcatura
in butoaie barrier s. bariera, restrictie ~ to
entry - bariera de intrare (a unei firmepe
opiatd)
~ to exit - bariera de iesire (a unei firme de
pe o piatd, dacd se are in vedere
necesitatea recuperdrii costu-rilor de
intrare)
~ to trade - bariera comerciala barrister s.
avocat (in instantele superioare)
barter
s.
(corn.)
barter
~
agreement/arrangement - acord de barter
- transaction - tranzactie de barter/in
contrapartida
base adj. obisnuit, nepretios (despre
metale); fals (despre monede) basic adj.
banking fundamental, de baza ~
servicii bancare principale/de baza
~ books - (cont.) evidente primare ~
earning power ratio - rata puterii de castig
(indicd puterea activelor unei societdfi de a
genera venit din exploatare)
~ industry - industria grea ~ needs subzisten^a ~ wage - salariu tarifar/de baza
basis s. 1. baza, punct de plecare 2.
diferenta dintre pre^ul de exercitm dintr-un
contract la termen si pre^ul spot (la bursa
de mdrfuri) ~ of taxation - baza de
impunere

BAS-BEN

~ point - punct de baza (o sutime

dintr-un punct procentual)

~ price/rate - pret/tarif de baza

basket 5. cos
~ of currencies - (fin.) cos valutar
(grup de volute selectate pentru
evaluarea altei valute)
hatch s. partida, lot, serie (de mar/a)

37

~ shares - acfiuni la purtator

bearish adj. de scadere, cu tendinta de
scadere (desprepiafa bursierd)
before prep. inainte de
~ - tax profit - profit neimpozitat
beforehand adv., adj. anticipat
beggar s. cersetor v.t. a saraci, a
pauperiza
~ - my-neighbour policy - politica
,,cersetorul, vecinul tau" (acfiuni prin

~ production - productie in serie

mica/discontinua
baza(a)r s. 1. bazar (oriental) 2.
magazin universal 3. bazar de
binefacere
bear (bur.) s. speculant a la baisse

care o fard incearcd sd reducd somajul

si sd creased venitui intern prin
retrictii la import, devalorizare
competitivd etc.)

(care mizeazd pe scdderea cursului)

belonger s. apar^inator (tip de

adj. in scadere v.t. a cauta sa provoace

o scadere (a cursului)
- account/position - acoperire
insuficienta
~ campaign/raid/tack - campanie/
speculate a la baisse
~ market - pia^a in scadere
~ pool - cartel al speculantilor a la

consumator)

baisse

- run - presiune a speculantilor a la baisse

~ squeeze - constrangere a vanza-torilor
descoperiti (care vand la termen fara
acoperire, obligati sd cumpere in pierdere
pentru a face fata anga-jamentelor
contractate) ~ transaction - tranzactie a la
baisse bearer s. purtator
~ bond - obligatiune la purtator ~ cheque cec la purtator ~ paper - efect de comert la
purtator ~ scrip - certificat provizoriu (de
acfiuni, obligafiuni) la purtator ~ securities
- titluri de valoare la purtator

below prep. sub

~ par - (bur.) sub pari, sub
paritate/valoarea nominala (despre
acfiuni)

~ the line - sub linie (termen contabil

care se referd la acele articole ale
contului de profit si pierderi ce se
inscriu sub cifra profitului net; parte a
bugetului de marketing pe care
compania o cheltuieste pentru toate
activitdfile promotionale, cu excepfia
publicitdfii in mass media)

beneficial adj. profitabil, avantajos

~ interest -(dr.) uzufruct
~ owner - (dr.) uzufructuar
beneficiary s. beneficiar
benefit s. 1. beneficiu, castig, folos 2.
indemnizatie; ajutor, alocatie v.t. a
folosi, a aduce beneficii v./. a beneficia,
a trage foloase/profit
~ association/club/society - societate
de ajutor reciproc
~ -cost ratio - (fin.) raport beneficiu-cost, indice de profitabilitate

38

BEN-BIL

~ in kind - beneficiu in natura (obfinut

de un angajat in afara salariului)
bequeath v.t. a testa, a lasa prin
testament
bequest s. 1. testament 2. mostenire
berth s. 1. dana 2. cuseta v.i. a acosta
la dana
~ cargo - caric de linie
~ charge - taxa de dana
~ charter - contract de transport cu
condi^ii de linie
~ clause - clauza danei/,,la rand"
~ freights/rates - cota navlurilor de
linie
~ owner - proprietar de nava de linie
~ terms - conditii (contractuale) de
linie
~ trade/traffic - transport de linie
neregulat
berthage s. 1. front de dane; spatiu de
receptionare a marfurilor 2. taxa de
stationare la dana
bespoke adj. pe comanda (despre
haine)

best adj., adv. eel mai bun s. maxim

~ buy - eel mai avantajos/competitiv
articol
~ effort - (fin.) efbrtui eel mai
avantajos (pentru un investitor bancar
care nu-fi asumd nici o responsabilitate in cazul in care o emisiune de
actiuni nu se vinde integral)
~ price - (bur.) pretui eel mai bun/
avantajos (de vdnzare sau cumpdrare a
unor actiuni)
~ seller - carte de mare succes; articol
foarte cautat
bet s. pariu v.t., v.i. a paria
beta s. beta

- coefficient/factor - (bur.) coeficient/

factor beta (coeficient care aratd mdsura in
care rata de rehabilitate a actiunilor unei
societdti variazd in funcfie de rata de
rehabilitate a indicelui piefei bursiere)
better adj. mai bun; superior ~ offer supraoferta
betterment s. imbunata^ire, amelio-rare;
dezvoltare
~ levy - taxa pe imbunatatiri (publice aduse
unei proprietdfi particulare) bid s. oferta,
licitare; pret oferit (la licitafie) v.t. 1. a da,
a oferi (un pre{ la licitafie) 2. (over) a
supralicita 3. fup) a ridica (pretui) prin
supralicitare v.i. a licita, a participa la
licitatie ~ -asked spread - plaja de licitatie
(diferenfa dintre preful de licitatie i preful
cerut)
-costs - costuri ale ofertei de pre^
- price - pre^ oferit (pref pe care un dealer
il va plati pentru o actiune) bidder s.
ofertant, licitant
-s'ring - coalitie a hcitan^ilor
bidding s. oferta, licitare; pret oferit (la
licitafie)

~ ring - coalite a licitan^ilor

bilateral adj. bilateral
~ contract - contract bilateraV
sinalagmatic
~ monopoly - monopol bilateral
~ trade agreements - acorduri
comerciale bilaterale
bilateralism s. (corn.) bilateralism
bill s. 1. proiect de lege 2. lista;
inventar;
declarable;
certificat
3.
factura; nota de plata 4. cambie 5. (dr.)
cerere, petitie; reclamafie, plangere 6.
(SUA) bancnota 7. afis, anun^ v.t. 1. a

BIL-BLA

inregistra, a trece pe o lista 2. a anunta

(printr-un afi) 3. a factura
~ book - registru de cambii
~ - broker - agent de scont
~ market - piata de scont
~ of adventure - (mar.) contract de
transport al marfurilor pe raspunderea
proprietarului
~ of costs - nota de cheltuieli de
judecata
- of credit - scrisoare de credit,
acreditiv
~ of delivery - bon de livrare, factura
- of entry - declaratie vamala la sosire
- of exchange - cambie
~ of exchange in a set - set de cambii
~ of fare - meniu, lista de mancaruri
~ of goods - nomenclator de marfuri
~ of health - patenta/certificat de
sanatate

~ of lading - conosament
~ of materials - lista de materiale
- of parcels - factura, act de insotire
~ of quantities - deviz estimativ
~ of sale - contract de vanzare
~ of sight/view - declaratie vamala
provizorie
~ of store - autorizatie de reimport cu
scutire de taxe vamale (a marfurilor
care au fost exportate din Marea
Britanie cu mai putin de cinci ani
mainte de data reimportului)

~ of sufferance - (mar.) permis de

cabotaj cu scutire de taxe vamale
(pentru provizii)

~ poster - lipitor de afise

~ rate - taxa de scont
~ s for collection - cambii pentru
Tncasare

39

~ s for discount - cambii pentru scontare

~ s payable - cambii de platit ~ s receivable
- cambii de Tncasat billboard s. avizier,
panou de afise billing s. 1. facturare 2.
aflsare, anuntare
~ clerk - facturier ~ machine - masina de
facturat bimetallism s. (fin.) bimetalism bin
s. lada, cutie (pentru unele alimente,
produse)
~ card - fisa de identificare (a continutului
fi a cantitdtii unei Idzi) bind v.t. 1. a obliga,
a lega (prin contract, angajamente Ie gale)
2. (out) a da la ucenicie 3. (over) a obliga, a
determina, a constrange binder s. contract
de asigurare pro-vizoriu
biodegradable adj. biodegradabil
biotechnology s. biotehnologie black 5.
adj. negru v.t. a boicota (a ordona tuturor
membrilor unui sindicat sd boicoteze
produsele unei intreprinderi ai caret
muncitori sunt in grevd)
~ - coated workers - functionari ~
economy - economie subterana ~ market piata neagra ~ marketeer - speculant pe
piata neagra
~ money - bani murdari ~ payment - piata
neagra (cdtre un lucrdtor angajat fdrd
contract de muncd)
blackleg s. spargator de greva blackmail s.
santaj, extorcare v.t. a santaja, a extorca

40

BLA-BOG

blank adj. necompletat, in alb s. 1.

spa^iu gol/necompletat 2. fbrmular,
blancheta
~ acceptance/bill - cambie In alb
~ bill of lading - conosament la
purtator
~ cheque - cec Tn alb
~ credit - acreditiv Tn alb (cu suma
nespecificata)

~ endorsement - andosare Tn alb

~ signature - semnatura Tn alb
~ transfer - transfer (de actiuni) Tn alb
(numele cesionarului ramd'ndnd
necompletat in acte)
blanket adj. general; global
~ insurance - asigurare globala (care
acoperd un grup de riscuri multiple
sau asigurd o proprietate in locuri
diferite)

~ mortgage - ipoteca globala (care

inlocuie^te un numdr de ipoteci
existente); ipoteca generala/totala
~ order - comanda generala/nespecificata
~ price - pref; general/unic
blister s. blister
~ pack - ambalaj transparent
bloc s. bloc (economic); grupare
(politico)

block s. 1. bloc; (SUA) cvartal 2. (bur.)

pachet de actiuni v.t. a bloca (un cont)
~ insurance - asigurare Tn bloc (a
mdrfurilor expediate in loturi mid cu
diferite mijioace de transport)
~ offer - oferta Tn bloc
~ trading - tranzactie Tn bloc (de
pachete man de acfiuni)
~ vote - vot reprezentativ (la adundrile
sindicale)

blockade s. blocada v.t. a supune unei

blocade
blue adj. albastru
~ chips - actiuni alfa (foarte sigure i
rentabile)
~ - collar workers - gulere albastre
(muncitori manuali/industriali)
~ - sky laws - (SUA) legislatia care
reglementeazd vdnzarea valorilor
mobiliare

blurb s. prezentare - reclama (a unei

cdrfi fdcutd pe coperta acesteia)
board s. 1. scandura, dulap 2. bord (al
unei nave etc.) 3. consiliu, comisie;
departament; minister 4. mancare, masa 5.
panou; avizier v.t. 1. a urea la bord 2. a tine
Tn pensiune
~ and lodging - masa si casa, pensiune ~
chairman - presedinte al consiliului de
administratie
- foot - picior-cherestea ~ measure masura de cherestea (care folosesjte ca
unitate piciorul-cherestea) ~ meeting sedinta a consiliului de administratie
~ of directors - consiliu de administratie
- room - sala de consiliu
body s. -organ, organizatie
~ copy - text de baza (textui principal
al unui material publicitar)
~ corporate - persoanajuridica
~ language - limbaj corporal
(modalitate de comunicare nonverbald
caracterizatd de mi^cdrile trupului)
bogus adj. fals; fictiv
~ cheque - cec fals
~ company - societate fictiva
~ signature - semnatura de
complezenta

BOG-BOO

~ transaction - tranzac^ie necinstita

bolshevism s. bolsevism
bonanza s. 1. mina de aur 2. succes in
afaceri

bond s. 1. (fin.) obligatiune; pi.

obligatiuni la purtator 2. garanfie;
angajament formal de plata 3. (asig.)
contract de garantie v.t. 1. a garanta (un
imprumut) prin obligatiuni 2. a depozita (marfuri) in antrepozite vamale
~ certificate - certificat (provizoriu) de
obligatiuni
~ creditor - creditor garantat prin
obligatiuni
~ dues - taxe de depozitare Tn
antrepozite vamale
~ financing - finan^are prin emitere de
obligatiuni
~ issue - emisiune de obligatiuni,
Tmprumut obligatar
~ loan - tmprumut obligatar
~ market - pia^a titlurilor de stat
~ note - permis de scoatere (a
mdrfurilor) din vama
~ rating - clasificare a obligatiunilor
(close atribuite obligafiunilor pe baza
probabilitdfii de intrare in incetare de
plata a societdfilor emitente)
~ syndicate - sindicat de subscriere a
unei emisiuni de obligatiuni
bonded adj. 1. garantat prin obligatiuni
2. in vama, depozitat in antrepozit
vamal
~ carman - camionagiu autorizat sa
transporte marfuri depozitate in
antrepozite vamale
~ factory/manufacturing warehouse
- fabrica autorizata sa depoziteze
marfuri impozabile (prelucrate indus

41

trial, taxele vamale fiind achitate cand

produsele pdrdsesc intreprinderea) ~
goods - marfuri in vama ~ stores - provizii
nevamuite (ale unei nave)
~ terms - cu livrare din antrepozit vamal
~ value - valoare a marfurilor nevamuite
~ vaults - pivnita vamala ~ warehouse antrepozit vamal bondholder s. detinator
de obligatiuni bondsman s. (dr.) garant
bondwashing 5'. spalare a obligatiunilor
(vanzarea obligatiunilor guvema-mentale
cu pufin timp inainte de scadenfd pentru a
evita plata impo-zitelor)
bonus s. prima, bonus ~ dividend dividend suplimentar ~ for special risk spor de periclitate ~ issue/shares - actiuni
gratuite (distribute acfionarilor existenti
proportional cu actiunile detinute) ~
scheme - sistem de prime book s. 1. carte,
volum 2. registru (contabil) adj. 1. de carte
2. care rezulta din registrul contabil,
contabil v.t. 1. a inregistra, a trece Tntr-un
registru 2. a retine (locuri, bilete) 3. (in) a
ponta (un salariat) la venire 4. (off, out) a
ponta (un salariat) la plecare ~ cost - pret
de cost contabil ~ debt - creanta contabila
~ entry - inregistrare contabila ~ entry
system - (cont.) sistem de evident a
intrarilor ~ profit - profit contabil ~ s of
account - registre/evidente contabile

42

~ s of first/original/prime entry jumal; jumal order ~ s of receipts and

expenditures registru de venituri si cheltuieli
-- trade - industria earth
~ value - valoare contabila
~ value weights - (cont.) structura
valorii de inventar (pondered componentelor capitalului in valoarea lui
totald conform costului sdu istoric)

to keep the ~ s - a tine contabilitatea

booking s. I. Tnregistrare, trecere in
registru 2. retinere, rezervare (de
locuri, bilete)
~ clerk - easier (la casa de bilete)

~ hall - sala de vanzare de bilete

~ note - {mar.} aviz de angajament/
navlosire
~ office - casa de bilete
bookkeeper s. contabil
bookkeeping s. contabilitate
booklet s. brosura
bookmaker s. bookmaker, agent de
pariuri
bookseller s. librar
bookshop s. librarie
bookstall s. stand de carfi; chiosc de
ziare
bookstand v. bookstall
boom s. 1. avant (economic), prosperitate, boom 2. perioada de succes (al
unui produs) 3. crestere rapida,
explozie (a preturilor) v.i. 1. a progresa, a prospera 2. a creste rapid
(despre preturi)
boomlet s. 1. scurta perioada de avant
economic; conjuctura economica
favorabila 2. crestere temporara (a
preturilor)

boost s. crestere, marire (a preturilor)

v.t. 1. a creste, a mari (preturi) 2. a
promova, a sus^ine intens (un produs, o
marcd etc.)
booth s. taraba; chiosc
border s. frontiera, grani^a
~ station - gara de frontiera
~ tax adjustments - ajustari ale
taxelor pe produsele de export
borrow v.t. a Tmprumuta, a lua cu
Tmprumut
borrower s. persoana care ia cu
imprumut, imprumutat; debitor
boss s. sef, boss; patron
bottleneck s. gatuire a productiei, timp
mort tn fluxul tehnologic, gol de
productie
~ inflation - inflatie cauzata de golul
de productie (scdderea ofertei)
bottom s. 1. fund, baza 2. (mar.) fund
de nava, carena; nava adj. minim, eel
mat scazut
~ price - pre^ul/cursul eel mai scazut
bottomry s. Tmprumut maritim (cu
ipotecarea navei)

~ bond - contract de Tmprumut

maritim
~ lien - drept de reten^ie a navei (de
cdtre creditor)
bound adj. 1. (dr.) obligat, constrans 2.
(mar.) (for) cu destinatia, Tn drum spre
bounty s. prima, subventie (de
incurajare a exporturilor)

boutique s. butic
boycott s. boicot v.t. a boicota

bracket s. clasa, categorie, grupa (de

salarizare, impozitare)

~ creep - alunecare spre o categoric

superioara de impozitare (cauzata de
inflafie)

BRA-BRI

brainstorming s. brainstorming
branch s. 1. ramura, bransa; domeniu,
sfera de activitate 2. filiala, sucursala
v.i. (out) a se extinde (despre o
afacere)
~ banking - activitate bancara prin
intennediul sucursalelor
~ manager - director de filiala/
sucursala
~ network - retea de sucursale
brand s. marca
~ acceptance - acceptare a march (de
cdtre consumatori)

~ development index - indice de

dezvoltare a marcii (care aratd mdsura
in care un produs pdtrunde pe diferite
zone ale uneipiete)

~ image - imagine a marcii

~ loyalty - loialitate/fidelitate fata de
marca
~ management - management al
marcii
~ name - denumire a marcii
- valuation - evaluare a marcii (procesul
prin care unei mdrci i se ataseazd o
valoare in foaia de bilant a companiei)
~ values - valori ale marcii branding s.
branding, creare a marcii breach s.
incalcare, nerespectare ~ of
confidence/security - nerespectare a
secretului
- of contract - incalcare a contractului
~ of trust - abuz de Tncredere
~ of warranty - incalcare a unei
clauze contractuale
break v.t. 1. a rupe 2. a falimenta, a
ruina 3. a schimba (bani in unitdti
subdivizionare) 4. a lansa (o companie,
un produs) cu multa publicitate 5.

(down) a imparti, a diviza; a defaica; a

clasifica; a analiza 6. (off) a tntrerupe
(relatii); a incaica, a rupe (un contract)
7. (up) a ridica (o sedintd) v.i. 1. a da
faliment 2. feven) a atinge pragul de
rentabilitate
~ - even analysis - (cont. ) analiza
pragului de rentabilitate (metodd de a
stabili ce nivel al vdnzdrilor este
necesar pentru ca un produs nou sd
depdseascd pragul de rentabilitate,
adicd veniturile sd fie mai mari deceit
costurile)

~ - even chart - grafic al pragului de

rentabilitate
~ - even point - punct critic al
rentabilitatii
breakable adj. fragil, casabil
breakage s. 1. spargere, deteriorare 2.
compensatie sau reducere (pentru
mdrfurile deteriorate in tranzit) 3.
spatiu mort/nefolosit (pe navd)
breakdown s. 1. avarie, defectiune
2. tmpartire, divizare; defalcare; clasificare3. analiza
~ clause - clauza ineficientei (navei)
~ of prices - analiza a preturilor
~ service - depanare
brew V.L a fabrica bere
brewer s. fabricant de bere
brewery s. fabrica de bere
bribe s. mita v.t. a mitui, a corupe
bribery s. mituire, luare sau dare de
mita
bridge s. pod, punte
- loan - imprumut-punte/de legatura,
finantare interimara {imprumut pe
tennen scurt pentru asigurarea unei
finantdri temporare pdnd cdnd se
obtine un imprumut permanent)

43

BRI-BUL

44

brief adj. scurt, concis s. 1. rezumat 2.

(dr.) dosar (aZ MHM' proces); prezentare
a dovezilor (pentru a fi studiate de
aprare) v.t. 1. rezuma, a expune pe
scurt 2. a ncredina fMn caz unni
avocat)

brisk aJ/. activ, viu

~ market - pia activ
broken adj. 1. rupt, spart 2. nclcat,
nerespectat 3. incomplet 4. falit, minat
~ amount/lot - (bur.) pachet incomplet
de aciuni
~ lots. - articole desperecheate/
dezasortate
~ stowage - (mar.) spaiu nefolosit/
mort (la stivuire); material de
umplutur
~ time - program/timp (de lucru) cu
ntreruperi
broker s. broker, 'curtier; agent (de
burs, asigurri etc.); intermediar
~'s lien - drept de retenie (a poliei de
asigurare) de ctre agentul de asigurare
~ 's loan - credit acordat brokerului
(garantat prin titluri de valoare)

~'s order - (mar.) ordin al agentului de

ncrcare
~'s return - (mar.) borderou al
agentului de ncrcare
brokerage s. brokeraj, curtaj
brown adj. maro
~ goods - produse maro (bunuri de
consum de folosin ndelungat care
se fabricau iniial n carcase de
culoare maro - radiouri, televizoare
etc.)

bubble s. 1. bul 2. (bur.) agitare a

pieei (prin cumprarea masiv de
aciuni ale unei societfi neperfor-

mante cu intenia de a-i crete artifical

valoarea)

~ chart - grafic cu baloane (n care

societile sau produsele sunt reprezentate prin cercnri/baloane proporionale ca mrime cu puterea competitiv
exprimat prin volumul vnzrilor,
active sau cota de pia)

~ company - societate-fantom
budget s. buget v.t. a aloca, a repartiza
(din buget) v.i. a prevedea n buget
~ account - cont de buget (cont bancar
din care se achit regulat plile
curente); (com.) sistem de vnzri cu
plata n rate
~ line - linie bugetar (grup de
produse pe care un consumator le
poate cumpra n funcie de venitul
propriu)

to pass the ~ - a aproba/a vota bugetul

budgetary adj. bugetar
~ control - control bugetar
~ deficit - deficit bugetar
- policy - politic bugetar
budgeting s. ntocmire a bugetului
buffer s. tampon
~ stock - stoc-tampon
building s. construcie
~ contractor - antreprenor, constmctor
~ loan - credit (ipotecar) acordat
pentru cumprarea sau construcia de
locuine
- society/and loan association - banc
de economii i societate de construcii,
societate ipotecar
bulk s. grmad, vrac; marf m vrac
~ analysis - analiz global
~ cargo/freight - caric/ncrctur n
vrac

BUL-BUS

~ carrier/trader - vrachier, nav de

mrfuri n vrac
~ container - container pentru marfa
n vrac
~ dry cargo - caric/ncrctur
uscat() n vrac
~ goods - mrfuri n vrac
~ - grain carrier - cerealier
~ - handling cargo dock - chei de
mrfuri n vrac
~ lorry - autocistem
~ - oil carrier - tanc petrolier
~ - ore carrier - mineralier
~ pile - ncrctur amestecat, marf
nesortat
~ production - producie n serie/de
mas
~ storage - depozitare n vrac
~ weight - mas specifc n vrac;
densitate n grmad
to break ~ - a ncepe descrcarea, a
dezarima
bulkhead s. perete etan de
compartimentare (al unei nave)
bulky adj. mare, voluminos
~ goods - marfa voluminoas
bull (bur.) s. speculant la hausse
(care mizeaz pe creterea cursului)
adj. n cretere v.t. a cuta s provoace
o cretere (a cursului)
- account/position - acoperire
excedentar
~ campaign - campanie/speculatie la
hausse

~ market - pia n cretere

- pool - cartel al speculanilor la
hausse
~ run - presiune a speculanilor la
hausse

45

~ transaction - tranzactie la hausse

bulldog s. buldog
~ bonds - obligaiuni-buldog (emise de
societi strine pe piaa Marii
Britanii)
bullet s. (fin.) glon (imprumut rambursat ntr-o singur tran la sfritul
perioadei scadente)
bullion s. lingou (de aur sau argint)
~ reserve - (fin.) rezerv metalic
bullish adj. de cretere, cu tendin de
cretere (desprepiaa bursier)
bunkering s. (mar.) buncherare
~ agent - agent de buncherare
~ port - port de buncherare
burden s. 1. sarcin, greutate;
ncrctur 2. obligaie (contractual);
rspundere, responsabiliate 3. (mar.)
capacitate de ncrcare de marfa 4. (cont.)
cheltuieli de regie v.t. a ncrca - of proof (dr.) sarcina probatiunii, onusprobandi
burdensome adj. mpovrtor, oneros
bureau s. birou, ofciu, agenie;
departament
bureaucracy s. birocraie
bureaucrat s. birocrat
burglary 5. furt prin efracie
~ insurance - asigurare contra furtului
bursary s. burs (universitar, de
studii)

bushel s. buel, bani (unitate de

capacitae)
business s. 1. afaceri, activitate comercial 2. afacere; problem; proiect 3.
firm, societate comercial 4. profesie,
ocupaie, meserie adj. de afaceri,
referitor la afaceri; comercial
~ agent - reprezentant comercial
~ card - carte de vizit

46

BUS-BUY

- centre - centru de afaceri

~ correspondence - coresponden
comercial
~ cycle - ciclu economic (succesiunea
perioadelor de expansiune i recesiune
n activitatea economica)

~ data processing - infbrmatic de

gestiune
~ day - zi lucrtoare
~ economics - comert
~ failure - faliment al firmei
~ game -joc de simulare/gestiune
~ hours - program/ore de lucru (n
magazine i birouri)
~ house - cas de comert
~ interruption policy - poli de
asigurare mpotriva ntreruperii afacerii
(cauzat de un accident major)
~ law - drept comercial
~ management - managementul ntreprinderii
~ manager - director comercial
~ of the day - ordine de zi
~ plan - plan de afaceri
~ profit - profit din activitatea curent
~ risk - (/m.) risc de firm (riscul de
baz inerent activitii de exploatare a
firmei)
~ savings - economii/rezerve ale
firmei
~ strategy - strategie de afaceri
~ term - termen comercial
~ - to - business advertising - publicitate industrial
~ unionism - (SUA) sindicalism de
sistem (concepie sindcal de a
accepta i susine sistemul capitalist,
lupta sindicatelor limitndu-se la

mbuntirea condiiilor de munc i

via)

to go into ~ - a intra n afaceri

to travel on ~ - a cltori n interes de
afaceri
businesslike adj. de afaceri, referitor la
afaceri; practic
businessman s. om de afaceri
buy s. cumprare; cumprrtur v.t. 1.
a cumpra 2. fback) a rscumpra 3.
(in) a stoca (materiale); a rscumpra
(la licitaie) 4. finto) a cumpra
(acfiuni ale unei societi) 5. (off,
over) a mitui 6. (out) a cumpra (toate
aciunile unei societi); a rscumpra
(pe cineva pentru afi scutit de serviciul
militar) 1. fturnover) a realiza (vnzri
mari, ns cu profit minim) 8. (up) a
cumpra (aciuni ae unei societi
ncercnd s preia controlul acesteia)',
a acapara (o marfd cu scopul de a
controla fumizarea ei) v.i. a face

cumprturi
buyback s. 1. rscumprare (de ctre o
societate a aciunilor pe care le-a
vndut anterior) 2. cumprare de
produse rezultate (acord de barter prin
care exportatorul unor utilaje accept
contravaloarea acestora n bunuri
produse cu instalaiile respective)
buyer s. cumprtor
- concentration - concentrare/limitare
a cumprtorilor (pe o pia)
~ credit - credit cumprtor (acordat
unui cumprtor strin de ctre banca
exportatorului pentru mrfurile
importate)
~ s no sellers - (bur.) cumprtori fr
vnztori

BUY-BY

-s' market - pia favorabil cumprtorilor

~'s monopoly - monopson

~'s option to double - (bur.) opiune
care i d cumprtorului dreptul de a
cumpra un pachet dublu de aciuni
fa de cel convenit
- s over - (bur.) cererea mai mare
dect oferta

~'s risk - risc al cumprtorului

~'s surplus - surplus al cumprtomlui/consumatorului (diferena dintre
preul pe care cumprtorul intenioneaz s-l ofere pentru un anumit
produs preul pe care l pltete n
realitate)

~ s'strike - grev a cumprtorilor

buygrid s. gril de aprovizionare
(model al activitii de aprovizionare
industrial)

buying s. cumprare

~ cycle - ciclu de cumprare (frecvenu

cu care este achiziionat un produs)

~ forward - stocare, depozitare n stoc

(de marf, materii prime)
~ long - (bur.) cumprare la hausse
~ power - putere de cumprare
~ round - cumprare far intermediari
(direct de la productor sau
importator)
buyout s. cumprare/preluare a unei
societi
by adj. secundar, auxiliar
~ (e) - law - hotrre a administraiei
locale; decizie a unei societi/corporaii (n completare la regulamentul
existent)
~ - product - produs secundar/auxiliar, derivat
~ - work - munc suplimentar/accesorie

c
cable s. 1. cablu 2. cablogram;
telegram v.i. a telegrafia
~ address - adres telegrafc
~ order - comand telegrafic
~ rate - curs de schimb pentru
transferurile (valutare) telegrafice
~ transfer - transfer telegrafic
cablegram s. cablogram
cabotage s. (mar.) cabotaj
cadaster v. cadastre
cadastral adj. cadastral
~ map - hart cadastral
~ register - carte funciar
~ survey - ridicare cadastral
cadastre s. cadastru
calendar s. 1. calendar 2. (dr.) calendar
de termene, rol 3. (fin.) program al
emisiunilor (de titluri de valoare) v.t. a
nscrie n calendar, a nregistra
~ day - zi calendaristic
~ year - an calendaristic
call s. 1. apel/convorbire telefonic 2.
apel, cerere, solicitare (de plat a unei
societi ai crei acionari sunt
solicitai s plteasc sumele restante
pentru aciunile deinute) 3. revocare
(rambursarea unei emisiuni de
obligaiuni sau aciuni prefereniale
nainte de scadena) 4. (bur.) opiune

de apel/cumprare, call 5. vizit

(profesional, de afaceri) 5. (mar.)

escal v.t. 1. a chema 2. a aduna, a

convoca 3. (in) a cere plata (unei
datorii); a scoate din circulatie (bani)
4. (oft) a anula, a contramanda 5. (mt)
a chema la grev 6. (up) a chema la

telefon v.i. (on, upon) a soma (un debitor);

a face o scurt vizit (despre un agent
comercial) ~ box - cabin telefonic

- deposit - depozit la vedere

~ feature - posibilitate/clauz de
revocare (care i permite emitenului
s- rscumpere titlurile de valoare, la
un pre specificat, nainte de
maturitate)

~ letter - scrisoare de apel (adresat

unui acionar pentru a plti aciunile
deinute)

~ loaq. - mprumut rambursabil la

cerere
~ market - piaa mprumuturilor
ramurbsabile la cerere
~ - of - more option - (bur.) opiune
care i d drept cumprtorului s
cumpere un pachet dublu de aciuni
fa de cel convenit
~ on shares - solicitare de achitare a
aciunilor
~ option - (bur.) optiune de apel
(ppiune de cumprare a unui activ la
un pre de exerciiu specificat)
- premium - prim de revocare (sum
peste valoarea nominal care trebuie
pltit de o societate cnd revoc o
emisiune de titluri de valoare) ~ price pre de revocare ~ privilege - privilegiu de
revocare (clauz ncorporat ntr-o
obligaiune sau aciune preferenial care i
d

CAL-CAP

emitentului dreptul de a revoca titlul de

valoare la un pre specificat)
~ provision - clauz de revocare
- rate - dobnd pentru depozitele la
vedere; (com.) numr de vizite facute
de un reprezentant comercial (clienilor
sau potenialilor clieni)
~ s in arrears - restane la achitarea
aciunilor
callability s. (fin.) posibilitate/clauz
de revocare (a unui titlu de valoare)
callable adj. revocabil (nainte de
scaden); pltibil (la cerere)
~ bond - obligaiune revocabil
~ preferred stocks - (SUA) titluri
prefereniale revocabile
camber s. cu (bazin portuar mic)
cambist ^. l.agent de schimb (de
cambii) 2. specialist n schimburile
financiare 3. manual, ghid (care
cuprinde unitile monetare, de msur
ale mai multor ri)
campaign s. campanie (publicitar, de
pres etc.)
can s. 1. cutie de conserve 2. bidon,
canistr; can v.t. a conserva, a pune n
cutii de conserve
canal s. canal (artificial)
~ barge - lep de canal
~ boat - nav de canal .
~ bridge - pod-canal
~ dues/tolls - taxe de trecere prin canal
~ harbour/port - port de canal
~ lock - ecluz de canal
~ regulations - reguli de trecere prin
canal
cancel v.t. 1. a terge, a tia, a bifa 2. a
anula, a realiza (un act, un contract)', a
contramanda (o ntrevedere, o

49

comand); a anula, a radia (o datorie, o

ipotec); a revoca (a hotrre) cancellable
adj. anulabil ~ bookings - rezervri
anulabile ~ contract - contract anulabil
cannery s. fabric de conserve
cannibalization s. canibalizare (situa-ie n
care creterea volumului de vnzri pentru
o marc provoac scderea cererii pentru
o alta apari-nnd aceleiai linii de
produse) canvass ^. 1. examinare, analiz
2. prospectare (a pieei) 3. propagand
electoral v.t. 1. a examina, a analiza 2. a
prospecta (piaa); a vizita, a parcurge (o
regiune pentru colectarea de comenzi sau
strngerea de voturi) v.i. 1 a cuta comenzi
2. a face propagand electoral canvasser
s. 1. agent comercial; comis-voiajor 2. agent electoral
cap s. (fin.) cap, capac, limit
superioar (impus dobnzii, mai ales
n cazul ipotecii cu dobnd variabila)
capacity s. 1. capacitate, volum 2.
productivitate, randament 3. (dr.)
capacitate legal
~ factor - factor de capacitate/utilizare
-- in bales - capacitate n baluri/ baloturi
-- in bulk - capacitate n vrac
~ production - productivitate normal
~ to contract - (dr.) capacitate de a
contracta
to work at/to ~ - a lucra la capacitatea
maxim
capital s. 1. capital 2. capital (ora) 3.
majuscul, liter mare adj. capital,
principal, fundamental
- account - (cont.) cont de capital

50

CAP

~ accumulation/formation - acumulare de capital

~ adequacy - capital adecvat
(capacitatea capitalului unei bnci de
a face fa unei eventuale evoluii
negative a activelor sale far a deveni
insovabil)

~ allowances - faciliti fiscale de

capitalizare
~ appreciation - cretere a valorii de
pia a unei investiii
~ asset - activ de capital (activ pe
termen lung deinut n special pentru
activitatea normal afirmei)

~ budget - buget de capital

~ budgeting - alocare a capitalului
(criterii de decizie pentru investiii n
active fixe care implic compararea
costnlui investiiei cu beneficiile sale
viitoare)

~ charges - (cont., fin.) cheltuieli de

capital
~ cost allowance - cota cheltuielilor de
capital (cheltuieli cu amortizarea
pentru scopuri fiscale)
~ consumption - uzur a capitalului
fix (n procesul de producie)

~ cut-off point - punct pn la care se

poate obine capital (n mod rentabil)
~ decumulation - reducere a capitalului
- deepening - cretere a productivitii
(mijloacelor de producie prin cumprarea de utilaje performate, fra a
urmri mrirea capacitii de
producie)

~ depreciation - amortizare
~ employed/owned - capital angajat
(capitalul utilizat ntr-o afacSre, activul

net)

~ equipment - fonduri fixe

~ expenditure/outlay - cheltuieli de
investiie
~ flight - exod al capitalalui (n ale
ri)

~ gains - ctig de capital (profitul

obinut din vnzarea activelor de
capital)
~ gains tax - impozit pe ctigul de
capital
~ gains yield - randament al ctigului
de capital
~ goods - bunuri de capital, mijloace
de productie
~ impairment - deteriorare a
capitalului (situaia n care capitalul
unei instituii financiare scade sub
nivelul prevzut de reglementrile
legale)

~ intensity - intensitate a capitalului

(valoarea activelor necesare pentru a
produce un dolar de vnzri)

~ -intensive - consumator de capital

(despre ramurie i activitile
industriale care necesit un volum
mare de capital pentru afunciona)
~ - intensive industry - industrie cu
investiii mari pe unitatea de produs
~ invested - capital investit
~ investment'- investiii n mijloace de
producie
- issue - emitere de aciuni
~ lease - locaie financiar/de capital,
leasing financiar
~ levy - impozit pe capital
~ loss - pierdere de capital (la vnzarea activelor de capital)

~ market - pia de capital

CAP

51

~ market line - linia pieei de capital

(reprezentarea grafc a relaiei dintre
risc i rata necesar a rentabilitii)
~ movements/transfers - transfer de
capital (ntre dou ari)
~ - output ratio - raport investiie-producie
~ profit - profit de capital (obinut din
vnzarea de fonduri fixe)
~ ratio - rat de capital (raportul
dintre capitalul plus rezervele unei
bnci i activele sale totale)
~ rationing - raionalizare a capitalului
(destinat investiiilor')
~ redemption reserve fund - fond de
rezerv de rambursare a capitalului
(subscris de deintorii de aciuni
prefereniale ai unei societi)
~ reduction - reducere de capital
(dminuarea capitalului n aciuni al
unei societi)
~ requirements - necesar de capital
~ reserves - rezerve de capital, profit
nedistribuit (acionarilor)
~ resources - fonduri proprii
~ stock - capital fix (al unei economii
sau al unei ramuri industriale); (SUA)
capital social
~ structure - structur a capitalului
~ sum - total al despgubirii (pltite
asiguratului de societatea de asigurri)
~ tax - impozit pe capital (care
reprezint un procent din totalul
activelor)

~ turnover - rotaia capitalului

~ value - valoare capitalizat
~ widening - extindere a fondurilor
fixe (pentru mrirea capacitii de
producie)
capitalism s. capitalism

capitalist s. capitalist
capitalization s. 1. (bur., fin.) capitalizare 2. structur a capitalului (unei
societi)
~ of reserves - capitalizarea rezervelor
(emisiune de aciuni gratuite pentru
acionarii existeni)

~ rate - rat de capitalizare/actualizare

(utilizat pentru a calcula valoarea
prezent a unei serii de ncasri
viitoare n numerar)
capitalize v.t. (bur.,fin.) a capitaliza
capitation s. 1. calcul pe cap de
locuitor 2. capitaie, impozit pe cap de
locuitor
~ fee - tax/cotizaie individual
(pltit de fiecare membru al unei
societi)
~ grant - alocaie individual/pe cap
de locuitor
~ tax - capitaie, impozit pe cap de
locuitor
captain s. comandant de nav (n
marina comercial)
-'s bounty - prim a comandantului
~'s copy - copie a comandantului (de
pe conosamentul original)
~'s entry charges - cheltuieli suplimentare de descrcare
~'s entry craft - mahon de urgentare
~'s (imperfect) entry - declaraie
vamal preliminar/provizorie
~'s liability - rspundere a comandantului
~'s protest - protest de mare
captive adj. captiv
~ audience - auditoriu/public captiv
(obligat s asculte material publicitar
n timpul recepionrii unor programe
de radio i televiziune)

- market line - linia pieei de capital

(reprezentarea grafic a relafiei dintre risc
i rata necesar a rentabilitii) ~
movements/transfers - transfer de capital
(ntre dou ri) ~ - output ratio - raport
investiie-producie
~ profit - profit de capital (obinut din
vnzarea de fonduri fixe)

~ ^ratio - rat de capital (raportul

dintre capitalul plus rezervele unei
bnci i activele sale totale)

~ rationing - raionalizare a capitalului

(destinat mvestiiilor)

~ redemption reserve fund - fond de

rezerv de rambursare a capitalului
(subscris de deintorii de aciuni
prefereniale ai unei societi)
~ reduction - reducere de capital
(diminuarea capitalului n aciuni al
unei societi)

~ requirements - necesar de capital

~ reserves - rezerve de capital, profit
nedistribuit (acionarilor)
~ resources - fonduri proprii
- stock - capital fix (al unei economii sau
al unei ramuri industriale); (SUA) capital
social ~ structure - structur a capitalului
- sum - total al despgubirii (pltite
asiguratului de societatea de asigurri)
~ tax - impozit pe capital (care
reprezint un procent din totalul
activelor)

~ turnover - rotaia capitalului

~ value - valoare capitalizat
~ widening - extindere a fondurilor
fixe (pentru mrirea capacitfii de
producie)
capitalism s. capitalism

capitalist s. capitalist
capitalization s. 1. (bur., fin.) capitalizare 2. stmctur a capitalului (unei
societi)
~ of reserves - capitalizarea rezervelor
(emisiune de aciuni gratuite pentru
acionarii existeni)
~ rate - rat de capitalizare/actualizare
(utilizat pentru a calcula valoarea
prezent a unei serii de ncasri
viitoare n numerar)
capitalize v.t. (burfin.) a capitaliza
capitation s. 1. calcul pe cap de
locuitor 2. capitaie, impozit pe cap de
locuitor
- fee - tax/cotizaie individual
(pltit de fiecare membru al unei
societi)

~ grant - alocaie individual/pe cap

de locuitor
~ tax - capitaie, impozit pe cap de
locuitor
captain s. comandant de nav (n
marina comercial)
~'s bounty - prim a comandantului
~'s copy - copie a comandantului (de
pe conosamentul original)
~'s entry charges - cheftuieli suplimentare de descrcare
~'s entry craft - mahon de urgentare
~'s (imperfect) entry - declaraie
vamal preliminar/provizorie
~'s liability - rspundere a comandantului
~'s protest - protest de mare
captive adj. captiv
~ audience - auditoriu/public captiv
(obligat s asculte material publicitar
n timpul recepionrii unor programe
de radio i televiziune)

52

CAP-CAR

~ market - pia captiv (grup de

consumatori care nu pot evita
activitile publicitare, de marketing
sau nu au de ales ntre multe oferte)
~ outlet - magazin captiv (care i

~ girl/woman - femeie interesat de

reuita profesional
~ planning - (man.) planificare a
structurii profesionale (a personalului

poate desfura activitatea ntr-o

cldire cu condiia de a vinde numai
mrfuri furnizate de proprietarii
imobilului respectiv)

careerism s. carierism, arivism

cargo ^. 1. (mar.) caric 2. ncrctur;
marfa
~ - and-passenger ship - nav mixt

car s. 1. automobil, autoturism 2.

vagon (de tren, tramvai)
~ tax - impozit auto (mai ales la
mainile de import)
carat s. carat
carcase v. carcass
carcass s. carcas
~ weight - greutate a animalului tiat
i curat
card s. 1. cartel; fi 2. carte (de
credi), card 3. camet de membru
~ - carrying - avnd calitatea de
membru (al unui partid, al unui
sindicat)

~ catalogue - catalog pe fie

~ index - cartotec, fiier
~ vote - vot prin delegat/mandat
cardholder s. 1. membru (al unui
partid, al unui sindicat) 2. posesor al
unei crti de credit
care s. 1. ntreinere; conservare 2.
grij, bunvoin
~ and maintenance - ntreinere i
paz (a unui utilaj aflat n conservare)

~ of - prin grija/bunvoina
- of general delivery - (SUA) post-restant
career 5'. carier; profesie
~ counselling - (man.) consultan n
sectoml promovrilor (ntr-ofirm)

unei companii)

(de marf ipasageri)

~ barge - lep de marf

~ battens - fardaj lateral de aerisire
~ boat/carrier/ship/vessel - cargou,
cargobot, nav comercial de transport
(de mrfuri)
~ book - registru de eviden a
mrfurilor ncrcate
- capacity - capacitate de ncrcare de
marfa
- carrier - cru, transportator;
cargobot
~ coeffcient - coeficient de ncrcare
~ container - container de marf
~ covered by bill - caric ncrcat pe
baz de conosament
~ damage report - raport de
avariere/deteriorare a mrfurilor
~ deadweight - capacitate net/util de
ncrcare
- deadweight tonnage - tonaj net,
capacitate de ncrcare de marfa
~ draft/draught - pescaj de ncrcare;
coad de marfa ~ dues - taxe pe
mrfurile operate
- handling - manipulare de marfuri ~ in
bulk - caric n vrac
- in good condition - caric n stare bun
(la sosirea navei n portul de destinaie)

53

CAR

~ insurance policy - poli de

asigurare a caricului
~ liable to be broached - caric ce s-ar
putea deplasa n magazie
~ lien - privilegiu de ncrcare; drept
de retenie asupra mrfii
~ line -- linie de transport maritim (de
mrfuri)

~ liner - cargou/nav de linie

~ loading distribution indicator indicator al repartizrii ncrcturii (n
magaziile navei)

~ loading manifold - manifold de

ncrcare
~ movement - deplasare a caricului (n
magazie)
~ owner - proprietar al mrfii
~ passage - voiaj al navei ncrcate
~ performance - volum de mrfuri
transportate; trafic de mrfari
~ plan - cargoplan
~ reception - recepionare a mrfi
~ reefer space - magazie frigorific
~ sheet - fi de pontaj (pentru marfa

~ turnover - trafic de mrfuri; cifr de

afaceri

~ underwriter - asigurtor al caricului

~ work - operare de mrfuri
~ - worthy clause - (asig. mar.)
clauza navei apte de a transporta
mrfuri
carload s. (SUA) vagon (ca
ncrctur)

~ lot - partid vagonal de mrfuri

carman s. 1. ofer, camionagiu 2.
vatman
carriage s. 1. transport, cruie 2. cost
al transportului 3. executare, aducere la
ndeplinire; adoptare (a unei
propuneri), votare (a unui proi'ect de

lege) 4. administrare, conducere (a unei

afaceri)

~ docume^its - documente de transport

~ expenses - cheltuieli de transport
~ forward - cu plata taxelor de
transport la livrare/destinaie
~ free - franco taxe de transport
~ paid - cu transportul pltit (pn la

ncarcat sau descrcat)

punctul de livrare)

~ shift - deplasare a caricului (n

~ paid home - cu transportul pltit

pn la domiciliul beneficiamlui
carrier s. 1. cru, transportator 2.
societate de transport
~ bag - pung (de plastic sau hrtie
folosit la cumprturi)
~ nation - stat cu marin comercial

magazie datorit stivuirii i amarrii

incorecte)

~ shipping - transport maritim; flot

de transport
~ space - spaiu de ncrcare
~ sweat - sudaie a mrfii
~ syndicate - sindicat al asigurtorilor
decaric
~ tank - tanc de marfa (la petroliere)
~ ton - ton de navlu/volum
~ tonnage - tonaj de ncrcare
~ train - tren de marfa

dezvoltat (care face transporturi

pentru alte ri)

~'s agent - agent al cruului

~'s lien - drept de retenie al cruului
~'s risk - risc al cruului
~'s statement - declaraie a cruului
(privind starea mrfii)

54

CAR-CAS

carry v.t. 1. a transporta 2. a ine, a avea de

vnzare (despre un magazin) 3. a adopta (o
propunere), a vota ('MH proiect de lege) 4.
(forward, ovw) a reporta 5. (oft) a ctiga
(unpremiu) 6. fon^ a conduce, a administra
(o afacere);
a
continua
(tratative,
negocieri) 1. (out, through) a ndeplini,
a realiza carry-forward v. carry-over
carry-over s. (cont., bur.) report ~ day - zi
de report
cartage ^. 1. transport, cruie (cu
traciune animal) 2. camionaj 3. cost al
transportului
~ contractor - antreprenor de trans-porturi
~ note - permis de scoatere a mrfu-rilor
din vam
~ port - port cu alimbare ~
service - camionaj cartel s. cartel
cartelist s. 1. membm al unui cartel 2.
adept al cartelrii cartelization s. cartelare
cartelize v.t. a cartela cascade s. cascad
~ tax - impozit pe circulaia mrfurilor
(perceput n fiecare etap a procesului de
distribuie)
cascading s. cascading (strategie de
marketing prin care o companie ptrunde
mai nti pe un segment mic de pia,
lansndu-se apoi pe alte piee)
case s. 1. cutie, lad 2. proces, caz v.t. a
ambala n lzi/cutii ~ law - jurispmden ~
study - (man.) studiu de caz

cash s. numerar, bani lichizi v.t. a

ncasa (un cec); a plti n numerar
~ account - cont de cas
~ accounting - contabilitate financiar
~ advance - avans n numerar
~ against (shipping) documents (mar.) plat n numerar pe baza
documentelor de transport
~ - and-carry - (com.) cash-and-carry,
pltit n numerar i transportat de
cumprtor
~ assets - active lichide
- at bank - disponibil de numerar n
banc
~ balance - sold de cas
- before delivery - plat n numerar
nainte de livrare
~ bonus - (bur.) bonificaie n
numerar; (asig.) prim n numerar
~ breakeven point - (fin.) prag de
rentabilitate a numerarului (prag de
rentabilitate obinut cnd se scad
elementele nemonetare - cele care nu
reprezint ieire de numerar - din
costurilefixe)
~ budget/forecast - buget de numerar
(plan care prezint fluxurile de
numerar)
~ capital/shares - aciuni emise pentru
obinerea de lichiditi
~ conversion cycle - ciclu de
conversie a numeramlui (perioada
dintre momentul n care o firm
achiziioneaz materiie prime i cel al
vnzrii produselor finite)
~ credit - credit de cas/descoperit
~ crop - recolt destinat vnzrii (,i
nu consumului personal)

~ customer - client care pltete n

numerar

~ department - casierie
- (- deposit) ratio - rata de lichiditate
(raportul dintre rezerva monetar a
unei bnci i obligaiile totale fa de
depozitele clienilor)

- on delivery fee - tax de ramburs

~ order - (com.) ordin cu plata n
numerar
~ outflow - flux de ieire de numerar
~ paid/received book - registru de

~ desk - cas

cas

~ discount - rabat comercial pentm

plata n numerar
~ dispenser - bancomat
~ dividends - dividende n numerar
- down - plata la livrare
~ equivalent - echivalentul numeramlui {investiie pe termen scurt cu grad
ridicat de lichiditate i scaden
iniial sub trei luni)
~ flow/generation - flux de numerar
(valoarea net real de numerar,
deosebit de profitul contabil, care
intr sau iese dinfirm ntr-o perioad
determinat)
~ m hand - bani n cas
- - in-transit policy - poli de
asigurare a banilor n tranzit (pentru
sumele transportate ntre dou bnci)
~ inflow - flux de intrare de numerar
~ issue - emisiune de aciuni
prefereniale (destinate acionarilor
existeni)
~ journal - registru de cas
~ keeper - casier
~ management account - cont
administrat (cont bancar investit pe
piaa financiar)
~ market - pia spot/cu plata n
numerar
~ note - not de plat
~ office - cas, casierie
~ on delivery - (com.) plat n numerar
la livrare, livrare contra ramburs

~ price - pre cu plata n numerar

~ purchase - cumprare cu plata n
numerar
~ receipts journal - (cont.) jumalul
ncasrilor n numerar
~ register - (com.) cas de nregistrare
~ reserve - rezerv lichid (disponibil
pentru plasamente imediate)
~ sale - vnzare contra numerar
~ settlement - (bur.) lichidare n
numerar
~ shorts and overs - plusuri i
minusuri de cas
~ statement - (cont.) situaie de cas
~ surrender (value) - valoare de
rscumprare (a unei polie de
asigurare)
~ voucher - bon de cas
- with order - (com.) plat n numerar
la comand
cashbook s. registru de conturi
cashbox s. caset pentru bani
cashier s. casier
~'s cheque - cec; trat bancar
~'s office - casierie

cashomat s. (SUA) bancomat

casing s. nvelitoare; ambalaj
- paper - hrtie de ambalaj cask s. butoi
(folosit mai ales pentru bere i vin, avnd
diferite msuri) cast v.t. 1. (dr.) a
condamna la plata despgubirilor 2. (away)
a arunca (ncrctura) n mare (n situaii
critice) 3. (up) a aduna, a totaliza

56

CAS-CEN

casting adj. decisiv

~ vote - vot decisiv (al preedintelui unei
adunri, cnd numrul voturilor pro i
contra este egal) casual adj. ocazional,
temporar 5'. persoan angajat temporar ~
labour - mn de lucru ocazional/
sezonier ~ leave - nvoire ~ profit - profit
ocazional ~ vacancy - post liber temporar
casualty s. (asig.) accident ~ insurance asigurare mpotriva accidentelor
~ loss - daun cauzat de accident
catalog v. catalogue
catalogue s. catalog; list (de preuri,
produse etc.) v.t. a cataloga ~ buying cumprare pe baz de catalog
~ price - pre de catalog - store - magazin
cu vnzare pe baz de catalog
cataloguer s. catalogator cataloguist v.
cataloguer catchcrop s. cultur
altemativ/in-tercalat
catchpenny adj. ieftin s. marf ieftin
catchphrase s. slogan (publicitar) catchy
adj. captivant, atrgtor ~ adverstisement
- reclam atrg-toare
category s. categorie, clas cater v.i. a
fumiza alimente i servicii caterer s.
fumizor de alimente i servicii
cattle s. vite; bovine ~ breeding cretere a vitelor ~ dealer - negustor
de vite ~ food - nutre pentru vite

~ lease - arend de vite

!
~ market - trg de vite
~ traffic/transport - transport de
animale vii
cattleship s. nav pentm transportul
animalelor vii
cattletruck s. camion sau vagonplatfonn pentru transportul animalelor
vii
cause s. 1. cauz, motiv 2. caz, proces
v.t. a cauza, a pricinui
~ beyond control - fort major
~ list - list de procese, rol
caution s. 1. prevedere, precauie 2.
avertisment (dat unui lucrtor) v.t. a
avertiza
~ money - garanie (sum cerut ca
avans pentru datorii sau daune posibile
ori pentru ndeplnirea obligaiilor
contractuale)
cease s. ncetare, oprire, sistare v.t. a
nceta, a opri, a sista v.i. a se opri
~ clause - clauz de sistare
to ~ payments - a opri plile; a da
faliment
ceiling s. plafon, nivel maxim, limit
superioar
~ price - pre maxim
cellar ^. pivni; cram
cellarage 5. 1. pstrare/depozitare n
pivnie 2, plat pentru depozitare n
pivnie
census s. recensmnt
central adj. central
~ bank - banc central/naional
- business district - centru comer-cial/de
afaceri
Central European Time - Ora Europei
Centrale
- planning - planificare centralizat

CEN-CER

57

centralism s. centralism
centralization s. centralizare (procesul
de concentrare a autoritii la centrul
organizafiei respective)
centre s. centru (comercial, financiar
etc.)

cereal s. cereale adj. cerealier, de

cereale
- carrier - cerealier, nav/cargou pentru
transportul cerealelor ~ crops - graminee,
cultur de cereale certificate s. 1. certificat;
adeverin;
atestat 2. certificat de actiuni v.. 1. a
certifica; a atesta 2. a elibera un
certificat
~ of acceptance - certificat/proces-verbal de recepie (a unei lucrri)
~ of airworthiness - certificat de
navigabilitate (a unui avion)
~ of analysis - certificat de analiz (a
unuiprodus)
~ of classification - certificat de clas
(al navei)

~ of clearance - certificat de
navigabilitate (pentru navele de
pasageri)
~ ofdamage - (asig. mar.) certificat de
avarie
~ of delivery - dovad de livrare (a
mrfii)
~ of deposit - certificat de depozit
~ of enrollment - (SUA) certificat de
nregistrare (pentru navele de cabotaj
ipescuit mai mari de 20 tone-registrU)
~ of existence - certificat de existen
(certificat eliberat de un fond de pensii
care atest ca beneficiarul stipulat n
certificat este n via)

~ of guarantee/warranty - certificat
de garanie

~ of health/pratique - certificat/
patent de sntate
~ of incorporation - certificat de
nregistrare (a unei societi comerciale)

~ of inscription - certificat de
nregistrare (a aciunilor nominale)

~ of insurance - certificat de asigurare

~ of inward clearance - (mar.) permis
vamal de descrcare
~ of manufacture/origin - certificat
de origine (a mrfurilor'de export)
~ of misfortune - certificat de
accident/ghinion (acordat de instan
unui falit prin care se certific faptul
c falimentul nu a fost cauzat de
proasta conducere a afacerii, ci de un
accident)

~ of quality - certificat de calitate

~ of registration/registry - certificat
de naionalitate (al navei)
~ of seaworthiness - (mar.) certificat
de navigabilitate
~ of shares - certificat de aciuni
~ of survey - certificat de expertiz
~ of transfer - (bur.) certificat de
transfer (de aciuni)

~ of weight - certificat de greutate (a

mrfii)
certified adj. atestat; autorizat;
verificat

~ accountant - contabil atestat/

autorizat
~ bankrupt - falit cu certificat de
accident/ghinion (acordat de instan,
care certific faptul cfalimentul nu a
fost cauzat de proasta conducere a
afacerii, ci de un accident)

~ cheque - cec acceptat/vizat (de

banc)

CER-CHA

~ copy - copie legalizat

~ financial statement - situaie
financiar certificat de un contabil
autorizat
~ invoice - factur legalizat
~ mail - (SUA) scrisoare recomandat
~ management accountant - (SUA)
contabil managerial atestat (care
hicreaz n sectorul afacerilor)
- public accountant - (SUA) contabil
public atestat/autorizat
~ transfer - (bur.) transfer (de aciuni)
autorizat
certify v.t. a certifica; a atesta
cess s. impozit
cessation s. ncetare, oprire, sistare
cesser s. (dr.) ncetare (a unei
rspunderi)

cession s. cesiune, cesionare

cessionary s. cesionar
chafe s. (asig.) frecare; uzur/daune
prin frecarea mrfurilor (n timpul
transportului)
chain s. 1. reea; sistem 2. lan (de
masurri topografice)

~ company - societate cu sucursale

multiple
~ of command - (man.) conducere
ierarhic
~ of distribution - (com.) linie/canal
de distribuie
~ of endorsements - ir de andosri
~ store - magazin m reea
chairman ^. preedinte (al unei
adunri)
~ of the board of directors - preedinte al consiliului de administraie
~'s report - raport al preedintelui
(despre activitatea anual a companiei)

chairmanship s. preedinie
chaldron s. chaldron (unitate de
capacitate)

chamber s. 1. camer 2. pl. birouri: I

cabinet al judectorului
- of commerce - camer de comert ~ of
commerce and industry - camer de
comer i industrie
- of shipping - camer de navigaie
- of trade - camera comerciantilor
champerty s. (dr.) vnzare a unui proces
(nelegere ilegal cu partea litigant prin
care ofertantul suport cheltuielile de
judecat i, n caz de ctig, primete o
parte din suma disputat)
chancellor s. cancelar Chancellor of the
Exchequer -. (Anglia) ministru de finane
chancellorship
s.
funcia
sau
demnitatea de cancelar chandler s. 1.
lumnrar, fabricant de lumnri 2. negustor,
comerciant change s. 1. schimbare 2.
mruni, bani mmni; rest 3. schimb v.t. a
schimba (bani) v.i. a se schimba, a se
modifica
channel s. 1. canal (natural)-, pas de
navigaie; enal 2. canal, cale, mijloc;
surs
~ captain - ef de reea (cel mai
puternic membru al unei reele de
distribuie)
~ conflict - conflict de reea (aprut
ntre membrii unei reele de distribuie)
~ of distribution - canal de distribuie
(prin care produsul finit ajunge la
consumatorul final)
to go through official ~s - a merge pe
cale ierarhic

CHA

chapel s. atelier de tipografie; asociaie a

muncitorilor tipografi
charge s. 1. ncrctur 2. nsrcinare,
rspundere; misiune 3. pre; cheltuieli,
speze 4. sarcin; titlu de gaj 5. (cont.) debit
6. acuzatie (n dreptul penal) 7. discurs al
judectorului (adresat jurailor) v.t. 1. a
ncrca 2. a nsrcina 3. a cere, a fixa (un
pre); a taxa 4. lcont.) a debita 5. a sftui, a
ndemna (despre un judector care se
adreseaz jurafilor) 6. (\v\th) a acuza (de)
v.i. 1. a cere plata 2. a trece n cont
- account - (SUA) cont n credit
- hand - ajutor de maistru
~ s account - cont de cheltuieli
~ s forward - expedierea/transportul n
contul destinatarului
~ s included - inclusiv cheltuielile
~ s on assets - sarcini pe active
~ s prepaid - expedierea/transportul n
contul expeditorului
chargeable adj. impozabil
- gain - profit impozabil
chart s. 1. hart marin 2. diagram,
grafic v.t. 1. a trece/a reprezenta pe
hart 2. a face graficul
~ of accounts - (cont.) tabloul
conturilor (din cartea mare)
charter s. 1. decret; cart; lege; drept,
privilegiu 2. (mar.) navlosire; contract
de navlosire v.t. 1. a decreta; a acorda
(un drept sau privilegiu) 2. (mar.) a
navlosi, a afreta; a nchiria (un avion, o
main)
~ by demise - contract de nchiriere a
navei nude (fr echipaj i materiale)
~ commission - comision de navlosire
~ freight - navlu contractual

59

~ market - piaa navlosirilor i a

nchirierilor
~ member - membru fondator (al unei
organizaii)
~ money - navlu, pre al transportului
pe mare
~ party - contract de navlosire
~ plane - avion charter
~ rate - tarif de navlu
~ tonnage - tonaj navlosit
charterage s. 1. navlosire, afretare;
nchiriere (a unui avion, a unei maini)
1. cost al navlosirii/nchirierii chartered
adj. 1. confirmat, statuat (printr-un decret);
privilegiat; autorizat
2. navlosit, afretat; nchiriat (despre un
avion, o main)

~ accountant - expert contabil

~ company - societate nfiinat prin
decret regal
~ contractor - subarmator
~ freight - navlu contractual
~ owner - navlositor principal
- ship/vessel - nav navlosit charterer s.
(mar.) navlositor ~'s agent - agent al
navlositorului ~'s freight - navlu
contractual chartering s. navlosire,
afretare;
nchiriere
~ agent/broker - agent/curtier de
navlosire
~ business - afaceri de navlosire
- by demise - navlosire a navei nude
(fr echipaj i materiale)

~ market - piaa navlosirilor i a

nchirierilor
- order - ordin de navlosire
~ terms - condiii (contractuale) de
navlosire

60

chartist s. analist al pieei bursiere

(care ntocmete grafice, tabele)

charwoman s. femeie cu ziua,

servitoare
chattel s. 1. bun mobiliar 2. acareturi
~ mortgage - ipotec mobiliar
~ mortgage bond - (SUA) obligaiune
ipotecar mobiliar
~ s personal - bunuri mobiliare
- s real - bunuri imobiliare
cheap adj. 1. ieftin 2. devalorizat, cu
putere redus de cumprare (despre o
moned) adv. ieftin, la pre convenabil
~ labour - for de munc ieftin
~ money - credit ieftin/avantajos (cu
dobnd sczut)

~ quality - calitate inferioar

~ ticket - bilet cu pre redus
cheapness s. ieftintate
check s. 1. control, verificare 2.
tampil de control; viz; bifare 3.
chitan (la depunerea bagajelor);
numr (la garderob)', contramarc, cotor
4. (SUA) cec adj. de control/verificare
v.t. 1. (i ~ up) a controla, a verifica 2. (off)
a reine (cotizaii sindicale) din salariu v.i.
1. ('m) a se nregistra (la hotel); a se
prezenta (la aeroport, la serviciu) 2. (outJ
a pleca (de la hotel etc. achitnd nota de
plat); a face verificri; a ncasa un cec (la
banc) 3. fup on) a controla, a face
verificri 4. fwith^ a corespunde
~ list - list de control; borderou de
cecuri
~ register - (cont.) registru de cecuri
~ sample - mostr de control, prob-martor
checkbook s. (SUA) camet de cecuri

CHA-CHI

checking s. 1. control, verificare 2.

nregistrare
~ account - (SUA) cont curent
checkoff s. reinere din salariu (pentru
sindicat)
checkout s. 1. or de plecare (de la
hotel) 2. control, verificare 3. calcul i
plat la cas (ntr-un magazin)
checkroom s. garderob, vestiar
checkup s. control, verificare
cheque .v. cec
~ account - cont curent
~ book - camet de cecuri
~ cashing machine - terminal de
decontare a cecurilor
~ clearing - compensare a cecurilor
~ crossed generally - cu barare
general
~ crossed specially - cu barare
special
~ form - formular de cec
~ rate - curs al cecului (n tranzacfiile
cu devize)

~ signer - persoan cu semntur

autorizat pe cec
~ to bearer - cec la purttor
~ to order - cec la ordin
chief^. efadj. principal
~ clerk - ef de birou
~ contractor - antreprenor general
~ debtor - debitor principal
~ designer - proiectant-ef
~ engineer - inginer-ef
~ executive offcer - (SUA) director
executiv
~ mate/offcer - ofier secund, ofier
maritim nti (de nav comercial)
~ operating offcer - (SUA) director
operativ

CHI-CLA

~ ship surveyor - inspector-ef de

registru (naval)
child s. copil
~ allowance - reducere a impozitului
pe venit pentru susintorii de copii
~ benefit - alocaie pentru copil
~ labour - munc a copiilor, folosire a
copiilor n activiti productive
Chinese adj. chinezesc
~ auction - licitaie chinezeasc
(lictaie la care se coboar preul
pn se gsete un cumprtor)
~ walls - ziduri chinezeti (bariere
interne pe care instituiile financiare le
instaleaz ntre diferite departamente
pentru a evita transferul ilegal de
informaii i apariia conflictelor de
interese)
choice s. 1. alegere, selecie 2.
asortiment adj. ales, selecionat;
superior
~ brand - marc superioar/de calitate
circular adj. circular s. circular
~ flow - flux circular (transferul
continuu, n ambele sensuri, de pli i
ncasri ntre consumatori i
productori)
~ letter - circular
~ letter of credit - scrisoare de credit
circular
~ ticket - bilet n circuit
~ tour - cltorie n circuit
circularize v.t. a trimite circulare
circulate v.t. a pune n circulaie (bani
etc.)', a rspndi, a difuza v.i. a circula;
a avea rspndire
circulating adj. circulant
~ assets - active circulante/curente
~ capital - capital circulant/de lucru

61

~ medium - mijloc de plat/schimb;

unitate monetar
circulation s. 1. circulaie (monetard,
de mrfur) 1. rspndire, difuzare; tiraj
~ and readership - tiraj i grad de
citire
citizen s. cetean
citizenship s. cetenie
city s. ora
~ article - articol/rubric economic()
(n ziar)
~ council - consiliu municipal
~ edition - edii^ de diminea (a unui
cotidian pentru dstribuia local)
~ editor - redactor economic (al unui
ziar); (SUA) redactor responsabil cu
reportajele locale
~ hall - primrie
~ planning - urbanism
civil adj. civil
~ case - proces civil
~ code - cod civil
~ commotion - (asig.) micare civil
(care provoac daune)
~ court - tribunal civil
~ embargo - embargou civil
~ engineer - inginer constructor
~ engineering - constmcii civile
~ law - drept civil
~ list - list civil (alocaii bugetare
pentru ntreinerea familiei regale)
~ rights - drepturi civile
~ servant - funcionar public/de stat
~ service - administraie de stat/
public
~ status - stare civil
~ year - an civil/calendaristic
claim s. (asig.) 1. cerere (de
despgubire) 1. (dr.) cerere

CVA-CLE

(ndreptit); drept (de a solicita ceva) 3.

concesiune (minier) v.t. a cere, a pretinde,
a revendica
~ for damages - (asig.) cerere de
despgubire/daune
~
in
return
(dr.)
cerere
reconventional
~ -jumper - persoan care preia ilegal un
teren
~ release and discharge - (asig.) act de
lichidare a cererii/daunelor ~ s adjuster agent de onorare a cererilor de despgubire
(n baza polielor de asigurare) ~ s and
liabilities - creane i angaja-mente
~ s book - registru de reclamatii to jump a
~ - a prelua ilegal un teren to make/to put
in a ~ for damages - a cere/a pretinde
despgubiri to meet a ~ - a contesta o
actiune n revendicare
to raise ~ s - a formula pretenii claimable
adj. exigibil, revendicabil claimant s.
solicitant; reclamant claimer v. clairnant
class s. 1. clas, categorie 2. clas social
v.t. a clasifica, a clasa - action - acionare
n judecat m numele unui grup de
persoane cu interese comune
~ struggle/warfare - lupt de clas
classical adj. clasic ~ economics economie clasic ~ unemployment - omaj
clasic classification s. clasificare ~
certificate - certificat de clas (a navei) ~
of ships - clasificare a navelor

~ society - societate de clasificare,

registru naval/maritim
~ surveyor - inspector de
registru/clasificare
classified adj. clasificat
~ advertisement - mica publicitate
~ common stock - (SUA) aciuni cu
sau fr drept de vot
~ document - document oficial secret
~ telephone directory - pagini
naionale (anuar)
classify v.t. a clasifica
clause s. clauz, articol, prevedere,
stipulaie (n contract)
claused adj. cu clauze
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament cu
rezerve/meniuni
clean adj. curat, far rezerve/meniuni
~ 'acceptance - accept (cambie) curat/
far rezerve/meniuni
~ bill of exchange - cambie curat/far
rezerve/meniuni
~ bill of health - patent de sntate
curat/far rezerve/meniuni
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament
curat/far rezeve/meniuni
~ cargo - caric/ncrctur de produse
albe"; marf curat
~ charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire curat/far rezerve/meniuni
~ credit - credit deschis/fr garanie
(fr documente nsoitoare pentru o
cambie tras asupra nnei bncf)
~ receipt - recipis de livrare net
~ ship - nav curat (dup carantin);
petrolier de produse albe" ~ tonnage tonaj curat (la petroliere) clear adj. 1.
curat; liber 2. net s. spaiu liber v.t. 1. a
lichida (o nav) n vam 2. a lichida, a
solda (mrfuri) 3. a

CLE-CLO

compensa (un cec printr-o cas de

compensaie) 4. a realiza un beneficiu net
de 5. a plti (o datorie) 6. a defria (un
teren) v.i. a face formalitile (vamale) de
sosire sau plecare (despre o nav)
- days - zile libere (fr prima i ultima zi
a perioadei contractuale) ~ estate proprietate neipotecat ~ of debts - fr
datorii ~ profit - profit net ~ tare - greutate
real a tarei clearance s. 1. (mar.) lichidare
n vam 2. lichidare, soldare (de mrfuri) ~
agent - agent de lichidare n vam ~
certifcate - certificat de lichidare n vam
~ iirwards - lichidare n vam \a sosire ~
outwars - lichidare n vam la plecare
~ papers - documente de lichidare n vam
~ sale - lichidare a soldurilor, soldare
clearing s. 1. (fin.) cliring, compensaie 2.
(mar.) lichidare n vam 3. defriare ~
account - cont de cliring ~ agent - agent de
lichidare n vam ~ agreement - acord de
cliring ~ bank - banc de cliring ~ house cas de compensaie, ofciu de cliring
~ - out sale - lichidare a soldurilor, soldare
~ system - sistem de cliring ~ transactions
- tranzacii n cliring clerical adj. de birou
~ error - greeal de copiere ~ staffpersonal de birou ~ work - munc de birou

63

clerk s. 1. fimcionar (de birou) 2.

(SUA) vnztor
~ of the court - grefier
~ (of the court)'s offce - grefa
~ of (the) works - efde antier
client s. client
~ account - (cont.) cont al clientului
clientage v. clientele
clientele s. clientel
~ effect - (fin.) efect de clientel
(atragerea unui anumit tip de
investitori n funcie de politica de
dividende)
clinch v.t. a ncheia (o afacere)
cloakroom s. 1. garderob 2. cas de
bagaje
clone s. clon (produs identic cu altul)
close adj. L nchis 2. slrns, apropiat s.
ncheiere, sfrit v.t. 1. a nchide; a
ncheia 2. (down) a nceta (activiatea);
a reprima, a lua msuri represive
mpotriva 3. (out) a lichida, a solda
(mrfuri) v.i. fwith^ a accepta (o
ofert), a ncheia (o afacere)
~ company - societate nchis
(controlat de cinci sau mai puini
acionari)
~ price - (bur.) pre strns (cnd ntre
preul cerut i cel oferit este o diferen
mic)
~ substitute - nlocuitor apropiat (al
produsului autentic)
closed adj. nchis
~ company - societate nchis (conlrolat de cinci sau mai puini acionari)
~ economy - economie nchis/
autarhic
~ - end fund - fond mutual nchis
(care emite un numr limitat de

64

aciuni, tranzacionate prin burs, pe

care nu le mai rscumpr)
~ market - pia nchis
~ sea - mare nchis/interioar
~ shop - ntreprindere nchis (care nu
angajeaz muncitori nesindicalizai)

~ union - sindicat nchis (care accept

n condiii restrictive noi membri)
~ - up fund - fond mutual nchis (care
nu mai emite achmi, ci le rscumpr
pe cele deja vndute)
closedown s. ncetare a activitii;
ntrerupere a lucrului (ca unnare a
nchiderii ntreprinderii)
closely adv. strns, nchis
~ held corporation - (SUA) corporaie
uchis (deinut de un numr mic de
persoane)
closeout s. lichidare, soldare (de
mrfuri)
closing s. nchidere; ncheiere, sfrit
~ bid - ultimul pre oferit (la licitaie),
ultima licitare
~ date - termen final
~ declaration - declaraie vamal
final
~ - down sale - lichidare a stocului
naintea nchiderii (unei ntreprinderi)
- entry - (cont.) articol de nchidere
~ price - pre la nchiderea bursei,
ultimul curs
~ stock - (con.) stoc la inventariere
~ time - (com.) or de nchidere
cluster s. gmp
~ analysis - analiz de grup ftehnic
de analiz statistic prin intermediul
creia o mostr este ncadrat ntr-o
serie de grupuri cu anumite trsturi
comune)
~ sample - eantion concentrat

CLO-COA

coal s. crbune v.i. a face plinul de crbuni,

a bunchera (despre o nav) ~ basin/field bazin carbonifer, zcmnt de crbuni ~
mine/pit - min de crbuni
- ship - nav de crbuni, carbonier
coaler s. nav sau tren pentru
transportul crbunilor
coast s. coast, litoral v.i. a naviga de-a
lungul coastei
coastal adj. costier, de coast; de
cabotaj
~ fleet - flot de cabotaj
- freight - mrfuri de cabotaj; navlu
pentru mriuri de cabotaj
~ hovercraft - nav de coast pe pem
deaer
~ line - linie de cabotaj
~ ship/vessel - nav de cabotaj,
cabotier
~ shipping - cabotaj; transport de
cabotaj; nave de cabotaj
~ tonnage - tonaj de cabotaj
- trade - comer de cabotaj
~ traftc - cabotaj, trafic maritim
costier
~ waters - ape costiere
coaster s. nav de cabotaj, cabotier
coasting s. navigaie costier, cabotaj
- barge - lep maritim costier
~ cargo - caric/ncrctur de cabotaj
~ certificate - certificat de cabotaj
- fishery - pescuit costier
~ ship/vessel - nav de cabotaj,
cabotier
~ trade - comert de cabotaj
- voyage - voiaj de cabotaj coastwise adj.
costier, de cabotaj adv. de-a lungul coastei

COA-COL

~ fleet - flot de cabotaj

~ freighter - cargou de cabotaj
~ sea lane - drum maritim costier, linie
de cabotaj
- ship/vessel - nav de cabotaj,
cabotier
~ shipping - cabotaj; transport de
cabotaj; nave de cabotaj
- trade - comer de cabotaj
~ voyage - voiaj de cabotaj
code s. l. cod, corp de legi 2. cod;
cifru; sistem de semnalizare
~ s of conduct - coduri de conduit
(seturi de reguli pentru comportamentul din diferite profesiuni)
coefficient s. coeficient, indice, factor
coemption s. acaparare a mrfii (n
vederea controlrii preurilor)
coffer-y. seif
coin s. moned v.t., v.i. a bate
(moned)
~ and bullion - (fin.) rezerve metalice
n monede i lingouri
~ circulation - circulaie monetar/a
monedelor
~ of legal fneness - moned cu titlu
legal
coinage s. 1. fabricare/batere de
monede 2. sistem monetar
coiner s. falsificator de bani
coinsurance s. coasigurare
cold adj. rece s. frig
~ carrier - agent frigorific
~ room - camer frigorific
~ storage - conservare prin frig
- storage trade - industria frigului ~ store
- antrepozit frigorific collapse s. colaps;
faliment v.i. a intra n colaps; a da faliment

65

collateral adj. colateral, secundar,

auxihar s. garanie colateral, colateral
(pentru un mprumut)
~ acceptance - accept/cambie de
garanie colateral (pentru un
mprumut)
~ loan - mprumut cu garanie
colateral
~ note - (fin.) bilet la ordin de garanie
colateral
~ security - garanie colateral (pentru
un mprumut)
~ trust bond - (SUA) obligaiune cu
garanie colateral detinut de un
depozitar

collect v.t. 1. a strnge, a colecta

(impozite, taxe) 1. a coleciona adj. cu
tax invers (despre o convorbire
telefonic)

collection s. 1. strngere, colectare (a

impozitelor, a taxelor); ncasare 2.
colect, chet 3. colecjie
~ advice - aviz de ncasare
~ and delivery - serviciu de ridicare i
livrare la domiciliu
- department - serviciu de ncasri
~ of payments - incaso
~ of samples - colecie de mostre
~ on delivery - cu ramburs
~ order - dispoziie de ncasare
- pattern - model al ncasrii
debitorilor
collective adj. colectiv
~ agreement - acord colectiv
~ bargaining - negociere a
contractului colectiv de munc
~ contract - contract colectiv
~ farm - gospodrie agricol colectiv
~ farmer - colectivist
- housing unit - imobil cu locuine

66

~ labour agreement - convenie colectiv

de munc
~ ownership - proprietate colectiv ~
policy - poli de asigurare colectiv
collectivism s. colectivism collectivize v.t.
a colectiviza collector s. 1. agent fiscal,
perceptor;
ncasator 2. colectionar
~ of customs - vame
~ of taxes - agent fiscal
collier s. 1. miner (din minele de
crbuni) 2. nav de crbuni, carbonier
colliery s. min de crbuni
collision s. coliziune, ciocnire; (mar.)
abordaj
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza abordajului
~ damage - avarie de abordaj
~ risk - risc de abordaj
collusion s. coluziune, coniven
(cooperare ntre firme independente
pentru a influena concurena)
collusive adj. stabilit prin coluziune
~ oligopoly - oligopol instituit prin
coluziune
~ tendering - oferte stabilite prin
coluziune (care simuleaz o fals
concuren)
colonial adj. colonial
~ market - pia colonial
~ trade - comert colonial
colonialism s. colonialism
colony s. colonie
column s. 1. (cont.) coloan 2. rubric,
articol (de ziar)
columnar adj. cu coloane
~ cash book - registru de cas cu
coloane
combative adj. combativ

COL-COM

~ advertising - publicitate combativ/

persuasiv
combination s. 1. uniune, asociaie
2. fuzionare; absorbie, preluare (a unei
societi de o alta mai mare)
combined adj. combinat
~ carrier - vrachier combinat (minereu - petrol sau crbune - minereu i
minereu - marf n vrac petrol)
~ oil-bulk-ore - nav combinat tip
OBO (pentru petrol marf n vrac
- minereu)
come v.i. 1. a veni; a ajunge 2. (do\vn)
a se ieftini; a fi n criz/jen fmanciara;
a-i merge ru afacerile 3. (in) a intra
ntr-o funcie, a ocupa un post 4. (into)
a intra n (vigoare, posesie etc.) 5. (mt)
a aprea, a fi publicat (despre cri,
ziare); a intra n grev 6. (to) a se
ridica la, a se cifra la
comfort s. sprijin, recomandare
~ letter - scrisoare de recomandare
(pentru nlesnirea unui mprumut)
command s. comand, ordin v.t. 1. a
comanda, a ordona 2. a aduce (un
ctig; despre o marf) 3. a dispune de
(bani, resurse etc.)
~ economy - economie centralizat/
planificat
commerce s. comer
commercial adj. comercial s. 1. reclam, anun publicitar (la radio i
televiziune) 2. pl. aciuni ale societilor cu profil comercial
- agency - agenie comercial
~ assets - active comerciale/de
exploatare
~ agent - agent/reprezentant comercial
~ attache/counsellor - ataat comercial

67

)M

aviation - aviaie civil bank banc comercial bill - cambie

comercial
car/vehicle - vehicul comercial/ alitar,
utilitar
cause - litigiu comercial code cod comercial
correspondence
coresponden
Mnercial
court - tribunal comercial credit - credit
comercial credit company - societate de
credit Mnercial custom/usage - uzan
comercial
directory - anuar al societtilor
xnerciale
dock - doc comercial fleet - flot
comercial geography - geografie
comercial grade - calitate comercial
harbour/port - port comercial house cas de comer invoice - factur
comercial hw - drept comercial tetter of
credit - scrisoare de credit nmercial
load - ncrctur comercial lanager director comercial ;Barine - marin
comercial
lonopoly - monopol comercial
yaper - efect de comert
fprecint - (SUA) zon/spaiu comer-

cial()
risk - risc comercial
school - coal comercial
Services - servicii comerciale
set - (mar.) set de documente
comerciale
ship/vessel - nav comercial

~ shipping - flot comercial; comert

maritim
~ speed - vitez comercial
~ traffc - trafic comercial
- traveller - comis-voiajor
~ treaty - tratat comercial
~ value - valoare comercial/la preul
pieei
comercialism s. 1. spirit comercial,
mercantilism 2. practic/uzan comercial 3. expresie folosit n limbajul
comercial
commercialize v.t. a comercializa
commission s. 1. comisie 2. mputemicire, delegare; mandat, delegaie 3.
comision 4. armare (a unei nave) v.t. 1.
a mputemici, a delega, a mandata; a
numi ntr-o funcie 2. a arma (o nav)
~ agent - comisionar
~ broker - (SUA) agent de burs
~ contract - contract de comision
~ house - cas/firm de brokeri
~ merchant - comerciant comisionar
~ past us - comision pentru terti
~ sale - vnzare pe baz de comision
to carry out a ~ - a ndeplini un
mandat
to do ~ business - a face afaceri pe
baz de comision
to put a ship out of ~ - a scoate o nav
din exploatare
to sell on ~ - a vinde pe baz de
comision
commissionaire s. curier, comisionar
comipissioner s. 1. membru al unei
comisii (guvemamentale, parlamentare) 2. comisar; delegat, mputemicit
~ s of inland revenue - fisc
committee s. comitet, comisie
~ of management - comitet de direcie

68

COM

~ of supply - (SUA) comisie financiar

~ of ways and means - (SUA) comisie
bugetar
commodity s. marf, produs, bun (de

~ cost - (cont.) cost comun (atribuibil

mai multor produse etc.)
~ customs tariff - tarif vamal comun

larg consum)

~ external tariff - tax vamal

comunitar (aplicat de o pia

~ agreements - acorduri privind

schimbul de mrfuri
~ broker - broker la bursa de mrfuri
~ capital - capital-marf
~ circulation - circulaie a mrfurilor
~ dollar - dolar-marf
~ exchange - burs de mrfuri
- futures - operaii la termen cu
mrfuri
~ market - pia de mrfuri (mai ales
de alimente i materii prime)
~ money - moned-marf
~ paper - (SUA) documente comerciale pentru schimbul de mrfuri
(instrumente negociabile inute drept
garanie pentru mprumuturile destinate finanrii importurilor)

~ production - producie de mrfuri

~ rates - (mar.) navlu difereniat
(pentru mrfuri care se transport
regulat n cantiti mari)
~ standard - (fn.) etalon-marf
common adj. 1. comun; general 2.
obtesc, public s. drept de folosin
comun/obteasc (a pmntului, a
punilor); pmnt/pune comun()
~ adventure - (asig. mar.) risc comun
(attpentru nav, ct i pentru caric)
~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie
particular
~ business oriented language - limbaj
de programare orientat pe probleme
economice
~ carrier - cru comun

(n CEE)

comunitar sau o uniune vamal)

-labour - fort de munc necalificat

- law - drept cutumiar
Common Market - Piaa Comun
~ ownership - proprietate social/obteasc

- prices system - sistem de preuri

comune
~ pricing - stabilire de preuri comune
(pentru a evita concurena); oferte
comune (stabilite pentru coluziune,

simulnd ofals concuren)

~ seal - tampil a firmei
~ shares/stock - aciuni comune
~ stock fund - fond mutual care
administreaz aciuni comune
commonage s. drept de folosin n
comun (a pmntului, a punilor);
pmnt/pune comun(); devlmie
commonwealth s. comunitate de naiuni,
federaie de state Commonwealth
of
Nations
-Comunitatea Britanic de
Naiuni Commonwealth preference faciliti vamale pentm statele-membre ale
Comunitii
Britanice
de
Naiuni
communal adj. 1. comun, obtesc,
colectiv; comunal 2. comunitar ~
agricultural organization - coope-rativ
agricol
communication
s. 1. comunicare,
transmitere; informaie, mesaj; legtur 2.
pl. telecomunicaii 3. pl. ci de
comunicaie (ciferate, osele etc.)

COM

- activity - trafic de informaii, telecomunicaii

~ line - linie de telecomunicaii ~ service telecomunicaii ~ strategy - strategie
comunicaional (metode prin care
comercianii realizeaz comunicarea cu
pieele lor) ~ way - cale de comunicaie
communism s. comunism community s. 1.
comunitate 2. comu-nitate, posesiune n
comun ~ chest - (SUA) fonduri de
binefacere ~ investment - investiie
comunitar/ obteasc
~ of interest - comunitate de interese
commutation s. 1. nlocuire (a unui tip
deplat cu altul) 1. (SUA) navet ~ ticket (SUA) abonament (la tren, autobu?.)
company s. societate, companie ~ car main de serviciu ~ director - membru al
consiliului de administraie
~ equity - capital propriu (al unei societ)
~ formation - constituire/nfiinare a unei
societi
~ law - legislatia societilor
comerciale
~ meeting - adunarea acionarilor ~ officer
- funcionar din conducerea unei societi
~ promoter - fondator al unei societi ~
reserves - rezerve ale societii (constituite
din profit) ~ seal - tampil a firmei ~ store
- magazin al unei ntreprinderi (pentru
angajaii acesteia) ~'s risk - risc al
cruului

69

~ town - ora dependent de o ntreprindere

(pentru locuri de munc, furnizare de
cldur etc.) ~ union - sindicat pe
societate; sindicat controlat de patronat
comparative adj. comparativ ~ advantage
- avantaj comparativ (principiu care
consider c o ar sau o regiune ar trebui
s se specializeze n producia i exportul
acelor bunuri pentru care eficiena este
relativ crescut, n comparaie cu alte
bunuri i servicii)
~ advertising - publicitate compara-tiv
~ economics - economie comparat ~
statistics - statistic comparat
compassionate adj. plin de
compasiune, comptimitor - leave nvoire/concediu (scurt) pentru motive
personale compensate v.. 1. a compensa 2.
a despgubi
compesation s. compensaie; desp-gubire
~ deal - tranzacie n compensaie ~ fund (bur.) fond de compensare ~ stocks aciuni de compensare (aciuni ale statului
oferite n compen-saie acionarilor de la
unele societai naonalizate)
~ trade - comert n compensaie
compensatory adj. compensator,
compensatoriu
~ damages - daune compensatorii ~
fnance - finanare a deficitului bugetar
~ tariff reductions - reduceri de
compensaie ale taxelor vamale

70

compete v.i. a concura, a fi n

concuren
competence s. 1. competen, pricepere, calificare 2. (dr.) competen 3.
situatie material bun
competition s. concuren
~ policy - politic concurenial
(impus de guvern pentru a combate

competitor s. concurent
~ analysis - analiz a concurenei (de

monopolurile)

(cerere de dou produse care se

folosesc mpreun)

to face ~ - a face fa concurenei

competitive adj. competitiv, concurential
~ advantage - avantaj competitiv
(ideea conform creia punctele forte i
slabe ale unei societi se pot
determina numai prin comparaie cu
concurena)

~ balance - echilibrul concurenial

(ntr-un sector industrial)
~ bidding - licitaie competitiv
~ demand - cerere concurenial
(situaie n care dou sau mai multe
produse concureaz pentru satisfa-

ctrefirmele rivale)

complaint s. reclamaie
~ book - registm de reclamaii
~ section - serviciu de reclamaii
complementary adj. complementar
~ demand - cerere complementara
~ supply - ofert complementar
(ofert de dou sau mai multe produse
care sunt rezultatul aceluiai proces de
produc-ie)
complete adj. complet; total v.. a
ncheia, a termina
,
~ breakdown - scoatere complet/
definitiv din funciune
~ disability - invaliditate total
~ markets - (fin.) piee complete
(portofolii care cuprind orice tip doril
de ctigur)

cerea cererii pieei)

completely adv. complet, n ntregime

~ built up - complet asamblat (despre

- examination - concurs, examen prin

concurs (pentru ocuparea unui post

utilaje care, la vdm.are, sunt gata de

folosin imediat)

vacant)

~ market - pia concurenial

~ need - nevoie de bunuri competitive
~ pricing - stabilire a preurilor prin
concuren
~ situation - situaie concurenial
- strategy - strategie de lupt mpotriva
concurenei
- supply - ofert concurenial (situaie n
care mijloacele de pro-ducie sunt limitate,
iar productorii a dou sau mai multe
mrfuri concureaz pentru utilizarea lor)
competitiveness s. competitivitate

~ knocked down - complet dezasamblat (despre utilaje livrate dezasamblate)

compliance s. conformitate, acord,
consimmnt, aprobare
~ examination - inspectare/verificare a
respectrii legislaiei n vigoare
comply v.i. (with) a se conforma
(cerinelor, regulilor etc.); a consimi
s/la, a-i da consimmntul la
composite adj. compozit, compus;
mixt, combinat s. combinaie, amestec;
pl. date compuse (care grupeaz

COM-CON

informaii din mai multe sectoare,

domeni)

~ cargo - caric/ncrctur mixt()

~ demand - cerere combinat/
alternativ (cerere de produse ori
factori deproducie interanjabili)
~ supply - ofert combinat (ofert a
unui produs care provine din dou sau
mai multe surse ori metode de
fabricaie; ofert de dou sau mai
multe produse care satisfac acelai tip
de cerere, fiind nlocuitori apropiai
unul pentru cellalt)
~ train - tren mixt (de cltori i
marf)

composition s. 1. compoziie; stmctur

alctuire 2. (dr.) convenie, concordat
(acord ntre un debitor i creditorii si
privitor la lichidarea datoriilor prin
plata unei sume mai mici dect

ntreaga datorie angajat); sum

achitat (n baza unei asemenea
nelegeri)
compound adj. compus, mixt s.
compus v..l. a combina; a compune, a
alctui 2. a retrage (o acuzaie n
schimbul unei compensaii materiale)
3. a achita partial (o datorie) v.i. a
ajunge la un compromis (cu creditorii),
a ncheia un concordat
~ bonus - (asig.) prim compus
~ entry - (cont.) articol recapitulativ
~ interest - dobnd compus
~ tariff - tarif compus/mixt (combinaie ntre taxa ad valorem i o tax
vamal specific)
comprehensive adj. cuprinztor
~ offer - ofert cuprinztoare/
amnunit
~ policy - poli de asigurare general

71

comptroller v. controller
compulsion s. constrngere compulsory
adj. obligatoriu; fortat, silit, impus ~
acquisition/purchase/surrender expropriere
~ licence - licen obligatorie (asupra
unui brevet de invenie)

~ sale - vnzare/executare silit (la

licitaie)
~ winding-up - lichidare judiciar
compute v.t., v.i. a calcula; a evalua, a
estima
computer s. calculator, computer
- - aided/- assisted manufacture fabricare asistat de calculator ~ - aided/assisted trading - (bur.) tranzactii asistate
de calculator computerize v.t. a
computeriza concealment s. ascundere,
disimulare (a activelor de catre un falit, a
adevrului de ctre un asigurat etc.)
concentrated adj. concentrat
- segmentation - segmentare concentrat, marketing al nielor de pia
(identificarea i exploatarea unui
segment ngust de pia)

concentration s. concentrare (proces

prin care sectoarele industriale sunt tot
mai putemic dominate de cteva firme
mari)

~ account - cont de concentrare (cont

de depozit n care se vireaz periodic
sume de bani)
~ bank - banc de concentrare (a
fondurilor din alte bnc)
~ of industry - concentrare a industriei
(concentrarea unor sectoare industriale n anumite zone n funcie de

72________________________

sursele de materii prime, profilul

pieelor etc.)
~ ratio - rat de concentrare (care
arat procentul n care un sector
industrial este dominat de cteva mari
societi sau msura concurenei pe
pieele bancare)
concept s. concept, idee
~ testing - (com.) testare a conceptului
concern s. 1. legtur, relaie 2. interes,
participare (ntr-o afacere) 3. concem;
ntreprindere, societate
concession s. 1. concesie 2. concesiune
concessionaire s. concesionar
concessionary adj., s. concesionar
conciliation s. conciliere, arbitraj
~ board - consiliu de arbitraj
conciliator 5'. arbitru, mediator
conclude v.. 1. a termina, a sfri 2. a
ncheia (o afacere); a semna (un
contract) 3. a conchide, a deduce
conclusion s. 1. terminare, sfrti 2.
ncheiere (a unei afaceri); semnare (a
unui contract) 3. concluzie; decizie
fmal
condition s. 1. condiie 2. stare, situaie
3. poziie social 4. clauz, prevedere,
stipulatie (a unei convenii) v.t. 1. a
condiiona 2. a prevedea, a stipula v.i.a
pune condiii, a stipula o condiie
~ of cargo - stare a caricului/
ncrcturii
- of contents unknown - starea
coninutului necunoscut (despre o
marf ambalat)

~ of the market - situaie pe pia,

conjunctur
~ precedent - (dr.) condiie
suspensiv

~ subsequent - (dr.) condii^

rezolutorie
~ s agreed upon - condiii convenite
~ s of contract - condiii contractuale
~ s of membership - conditii di
adeziune
~ s of sale - condiii de vnzare (i
contractele de vnzare de mrfuri)
conditional adj. conditional
^
~ acceptance - (com.) acceptai^
conditional (a unei oferte de ctri
cumprtor dac primete unelt
faciliti)

'

~ bond - obligaiune condiional/dubl

~ endorsement - andosare condiio
nal
~ sale - vnzare condiional
conduct s. conducere, dirijare;
administrare v.t. a conduce, a dirija; l
administra
~ money - (dr.) cheltuieli de deplasan
(pentru un martor)
conductor s. 1. director; administrato)
2. taxator; conductor 3. ghid, nsoitor
conference s. 1. conferin; congres
convenie 2. cartel maritim
~ call - conferin telefonic
~ carrier - cru asociat (la un cartd
maritim)
~ rates - navluri de linie
~ ship/vessel - nav de cartel maritim
~ terms - condiii (contractuale) d(
cartel maritim
confidential adj. confidenial
~ clerk - funcionar de ncredere
- report - raport confidenial
confidentiality x. confidenialitate
~ clause - clauza confidenialiti
(ntr-un contract de angajare)

73

CON

confirm v.t. 1. a confirma; a atesta, a

adeveri 2. a ratifica, a valida
confrmed adj. 1. confirmat; atestat,
adeverit 2. ratificat, validat
~ irrevocable credit - (com.) credit
irevocabil confirmat
~ letter of credit - acreditiv confirmat
confiscate v.t. a confisca; a sechestra
conflict s. conflict; contradiie;
incompatibilitate v.i. a fi n conflict/
contradictie, a fi incompatibil
- of interests - conflict de interese
~ of laws - conflict de legi,
contradictie ntre legi
congeneric adj. congener
~ merger - fuziune congener (ntre
firme din aceeai industrie n care
partenerii de fuziune nu sunt nici
clienii, nici furnizorii uneia dintre ele)
conglomerate s. conglomerat
~ amalgamation/merger - fuziune-conglomerat (ntre societi din
industrii diferite)
congress s. congres
conjoint adj. asociat, combinat
~ analysis - analiz asociat (tehnic
de lucru utilizat n dezvoltarea noilor
produse)
conscience s. contiin
~ money - bani de contiin (sum
trimis anonim de cineva pentru plata
unor impozite de la care iniial s-a
eschivat)
consecutive adj. consecutiv, succesiv
~ days - zile consecutive/curgtoare
finclusiv duminicile i srbtorile
legale)

~ voyage charter party - contract de

navlosire pe voiaje consecutive
consensual adj. consensual

~ contract - contract consensual

~ obligation - obligaie consensual
consequential adj. care decurge/
rezult
~ damages - daune indirecte (oferite
drept compensaie pentru. nerespectarea obligaiilor contractuale)
~ loss policy - poli de asigurare
indirect a pierderii, poli de asigurare
mpotriva ntreruperii afacerii (cauzat
de un accident major)

conservative adj. 1. conservator 2. prudent; moderat

- accounting - contabilitate pmdent
~ estimate - evaluare pmdent
~ investment - investi-ie cu risc sczut
conservator s. 1. custode, paznic 2.
lichidator (numit de instan pentru a
nchide ofirmfalit) 3. tutore
consideration s. 1. consideraie, stim
2. considerare, studiere; considerent,
motiv 3. remuneraie, plat; compensaie 4. (dr.) contraprestaie
~ for sale - pre de vnzare
consign v.t. 1. a preda, a remite; a
expedia (mrfuri); a trimite (mrfuri)
m consignaie 2. a ncredina, a
consemna 3. a depune (o sum)
consignee s. consignatar, destinatar,
primitor (al mrfii)

~ 's risk - pe riscul destinatarului

consigner v. consignor
consignment s. 1. lot/ncrctur
expediat(); partid de mrfuri 2.
expediere (de marfa) n consignaie
~ account - (cont.) cont de consignaie
~ invoice - factur de consignaie
~ note - fraht, scrisoare de trsur
~ warehouse - antrepozit de consignaie

~ prices - preuri stabile

construction s. 1. construire; construo|
consignor s. consignator, expeditor (al
ie, cldire 2. interpretare (a unei legi)
mrfii)
~ industry - industria construciilor
consolidate v.t. 1. a consolida, a
~ management - amenajare de antied
unifica (societi); a aborda n grup (o
~ of ships - construcii navale
societate-mam cu filialele ei n
~ policy - poli de asigurare a navei
scopuri contabile) 2. a consolida (datoconstrucie
ria public)
~ site - antier de construcie
consolidated adj. consolidat
~ time - termen de execuie (a une^
-accounts - conturi consolidate
lucrri de construcie)
- annuities/stock - titluri de rent
constructive adj. 1. constructiv 2
consolidat
dedus, prezumat, estimat
~ balance sheet - bilan consolidat
~ possession - (dr.) posesie cu titk
1
(bilanzil unui grup, ntocmit prin
legal
unificarea bilanurilor tuturor filialelor
- total loss - (asig. mar.) pierdert
componente)
total prezumat/interpretat
'
- financial statpments - (cont.) situaii ~ trust - (dr.) tutel prezumatS
financiare consolidate
implicit
consolidation ^. 1. fuziune, unificare (a consuetudinary adj. consuetudinar,
unor societi); consolidare, abordare n cutumiar
grup (a unei societi~ law - drept consuetudinar/cutumiar
-mam cu filialele ei n scopuri
consuls. consul
contabile) 2. consolidare (a datoriei
~ general - consul general
publice) 3. (dr.) consolidare (stingere
consulage s. taxe consulare
a unui drept de uzufruct prin
consular adj. consular
ntrunirea, n aceeai persoan, a
~ agent - agent consular
calitii de uzufructuar i de nud
~ certification - legalizare consular
proprietar)
~ declaration - declaraie consular
consols s. pl. titluri de rent conso~ fees - taxe consulare
lidat
- invoice - factur consular
consortium s. consortiu
- jurisdiction - jurisdicie consular
~ agreement - acord de consoriu
~ office - consulat
~ bank - banc de consortiu
~ passenger - pasager repatriat (prif
conspicuous adj. ostentativ, vdit
consulat)
~ consumption - consum ostentativ
~ visa - viz consular
consulate adj. consulat
(nemotivat de necesiti, slimulat de
~ general - consulat general
dorina confirmrii unei poziii sociale
74

________________________

superioare)

constant adj. constant; stabil

~ capital - capital constant
- cost - cost constant/fix

75

CON

consultant s. consultant; specialist, expert;

consilier consultative adj. consultativ ~
vote - vot consultativ consulting adj.
consultant
- engineer - inginer consultant
consumable adj., s. consumabil consume
v.t. a consuma consumer s. consumator
- acceptance - acceptare (a unui
produs) de consumatori
~ behaviour - comportament al
consumatorului
~ credit - credit de consum (acordat
pentru cumprarea de bunuri' de
consum i servicii)
~ demand - cerere a consumatorilor
~ durables - bunuri de folosin
ndelungat
~ finance company - societate pentru
acordarea de credite consumatorilor/
persoanelor fizice
- goods - bunuri de consum
~ loyalty - loialitate a consumatorului
ffa de o marca)
~ non-durables - produse de folosin
imediat
- preference - preferin a
consumatorilor
~ price index - indice de pre al
consumatorului (wdicele preurilor cu
afnnuntul)
~ profile - profil al consumatorilor
~ protection - protecie a consumatorilor
~ research - cercetare a preferinelor
consumatorilor
~ resistance - rezisten/pasivitate a
consumatorilor

~ strike - grev a consumatorilor,

boicotare (a unui produs) de ctre
consumatori
~ 's sovereignty - suveranitate a consumatorilor (alocarea resurselor ntr-o
economie iber n funcie de preferinele consumatorilor)
~ 's surplus - surplus al consumatorului/cumprtorului (diferena dintre
preu pe care cumprtorul intenioneaz s-l ofere pentru un anumit
produs i preul pe care l pltete n
realitate)
consumerism s. consumerism
consumption s. consum
~ curve - curba consumului
~ function - functia consumului
~ goods - bunuri de consum
~ habits - obiceiuri ale consumatorilor/n materie de consum
~ rate - norm de consum
~ tax - impozit pe consum
- unit - unitate de consum
container s. container
~ capacity - capacitate n continuare (a
unei nave portcontainere)
~ carrier/ship/vessel - cargou-container, nav portcontainere
~ cell - celul de container (pe navele
portcontainere)
- dimensions - dimensiuni (standard)
de container
~ storage - depozitare n containere
containerizable adj. containerizabil
~ cargo - caric/ncrctur containerizabil()
containerization s. containerizare
containerize v.t. a containeriza, a
introduce (mrfuri) n containere

~ interest - (dr.) drept de proprietd

condiionat
contamination s. (asig. mar.) conta~ liabilities - (cont.) pasiv condiiofl
minare (a caricului, n special cu ap
eventual
I
de mare)
continuation s. 1. continuari
contango s. (bur.) contango, report (la
prelungire 2. (hur.) contango
bursa de valori, amnarea achitrii
~ account - (bur.) report
i
unei datorii, prin plaa unei dobnz.i,
- clause - (asig.) clauza prelungiri
1
pn la urmtoarea lichidare; la bursa
continurii
de mrfuri, diferena dintre preul spot
~ day - zi de contango
i preul forward saufutures)
continue v.t. 1. a continua, a prelun(
~ day - zi de contango
2. (dr.) a amna 3. (bur.) a reporta
contemptuous adj. dispreuitor
continuous adj. continuu, permanent
~ damages - daune nensemnate/nule
~ audit - audit permanent
(decise de instan)
~ customary dispatch - (moa
contention s. 1. disput, litigiu 2.
celeritate uzual fr ntrempere
concuren, rivalitate
~ employment - angajare contint
contentious adj. litigios
(perioad de funcionare nentrerupt
continental adj. continental
la o firma, folosit pentru calculan
- cover - acoperire continental
unor beneficii)
(asigurare auto britanic oferit per~ (flow) production - producie m fli
soanelor care se deplaseaz pe
continuu
continentul european)
~ improvement - (man.) mbuntii
~ port - port continental
continu
~ shelf - platou continental
~ inventory/stocktaking - invent
contingency s. 1. eventualitate,
continuu/permanent
posibilitate; caz neprevzut, accident 2.
~ markets - piee continue (pie^
cheltuial neprevzut
financiare care permit ca operaiile i
~ account/fund/reserve - (cont.) fond
fie execuae oricnd n decursul un
de prevedere
zile de tranzacionare)
contingent adj. eventual, posibil;
contra prep. contra s. 1. (cont.) contr
neprevzut, accidental; condiionat ~
cont 2. (com.) barter 3. (fin.) parten
annuity - anuitate aleatorie (a unei polie de (intr-o tranzacie cu titluri de valoare,
asigurare de via, a crei plat este
contraband s. contraband; mrfuri (
condiionat de producerea unui eveniment) contraband adj.de contraband
~ control - control vamal mpotrr
-assets - active eventuale
contrabandei; combatere a contraba
~ beneficiary - beneficiar condiionat
dei
{beneficiar ale crui interese sunt
- goods - mrfuri de contraband ~ of
condiionate de producerea unui
eveniment)
war - contraband de rzboi
~ expenses - cheltuieli neprevzute
76_________________________

77

CON

~ trade - comert de contraband

contrabandist s. contrabandist contract s.
contract v.t. 1. ancheia (un contract) 2. a
contracta (o obligaie, un mprumut etc.); a
face (datorii) 3. a reduce, a restrnge
(cheltuieli) v.i. a ncheia un contract
- bond - scrisoare de garanie bancar de
bun executare a contractului
- by deed/under seal - contract sub
sigiliu privat
~ carrier ~ cru, transportator
~ date - dat contractual
~ department - raion cu vnzare angro
(la un mare ma.gaz.in)

~ for a work - antrepriz

~ freight - (mar.) navlu contractual
~ horizon - durat de execuie/derulare
a unui contract
~ labour - mn de lucru angajat pe
termen lung
~ law - drept contractual
~ lien - dreptul contractual de retenie
~ note - (bur.) borderou (de cumprare sau vnzare de aciuni)
~ of agency - contract de agenie/comision
~ penalty - penalizare contractual
~ price - pre contractual
~ service - serviciu contractual
~ speed - vitez contractual
~ supplies - livrri contractuale
- value - valoare contractual ~ work lucrare n antrepriz contraction s. 1.
contractare, ncheiere pe baz de contract 2.
contractare (a unei obligaii, a unui
mprumut etc.) 3. reducere, restrngere (a
cheltuielilor)

contractor s. contractant, parte

contractant; antreprenor; fumizor
contractual adj. contractual
~ obligations - obligaii contractuale
~ rent - chirie contractual
contrarian s. (SUA) contrarian
(persoan care urmeaz o strategie
contrar unor opiuni logice)
contravener s. contravenient
contravention s. contravenie
contribution s. 1. contribuie 2.
impozit, tax
~ margin - (fn.) maij de contribuie
(contribuia la costurile fixe sau venitul
rmas dup plata costuriorfixe)
~ to general average - (asig. mar.)
contribuie la avaria comun
contributOK. 1. contribuabil 2. colaborator (la o revist, un ziar)
contributory adj. contributiv, contributoriu; cotizant s. acionar; acionar
care contribuie la plata datoriilor (n
caz de lichidare a societii)

~ insurance - asigurri sociale din

fonduri salariale
~ mortgage - ipotec contributiv/colectiv (ipotec dat unui
singur creditor, alctuit prin contribuiile mai multor persoane)
~ negligence - (dr.) neglijen culpabil
~ pension scheme - plan de pensii
contributiv
control s. 1. control (financiar, vamal
etc.) 2. reglementare 3. control
(exercitat de acionarul sau grupul de
acionari care deine mai mult de 50%
din aciunile unei societi) v.t. 1. a
controla, a verifica 2. a reglementa 3. a
dirija (moneda, piaa etc.)

78

CON-Cfl

~ account - (cont.) cont de

control/rectific are
~ stamp - marc de control
~ snrvey - expertiz contradictorie
controller s'. controlor; revizor;
inspector
conurbation s. conurbaie
convene v.t. a aduna, a reuni; a
convoca (o adunare) v.i. a se aduna, a
se ntruni
convenience s. nlesnire, utilitate,
comoditate
~ goods - alimente pentru consum
rapid, fast foods (alimente special
ambalate i preparate pentru a fi
consumate imediat)
~ store - magazin de cartier (care se
adreseaz clientelei dintr-o anumit
zon i are program prelungit)
conversion s. 1. (fin.) conversie,
conversiune (schimbarea condiiilor
unui mprumut; emiterea de noi titluri
pentru a nlocui alte titluri) 1. (dr.)
apropriere, uzurpare
~ cost - cost de producie (manoper i
cheltuieli indirecte)
~ loan - mprumut de conversiune
~ price - pre de conversie (preul
efectiv pltit pentru aciunile comune
atunci cnd sunt obinute prin

prefereniale sau a unei obligai^

conversia aciunilor prefereniale sau a

obligaiunilor convertibile)

toare

~ privilege - (asig.) privilegiu de

conversie (dreptul unui individ, asigurat n grup, s ncheie o asigurare
individual cnd asigurarea colectiv
expir)
~ rate/ratio - rat/raport de conversie
(numrul de aciuni comune care poate
fi obinut prin conversia unei aciuni

convertibile)

~ table - tabel de transformri {pevA

uniti de msur aparinnd un
sisteme diferite)
convert v.. 1. a transforma 2. (fin.}
converti, a schimba 3. (dr.) &
apropria, a uzurpa
convertibility s. (fin.) convertibilitate
convertible adj. convertibil
~ bond - obligaiune convertih
(care, la scaden, poate fi schimba
cu alte titluri n loc s fie pltit)

~ currency - moned convertibil

~ loan stock/securities - titluri i
valoare convertibile (obligaiuni &
aciuni prefereniale care pot
schimbate, la opiunea titularului,

aciuni comune ale societii emitentt

convey v.t. 1. a transporta 2. {dr.)
transmite (o proprietate)
conveyance x. 1. transport; transporta
2. mijloc de transport, vehicul 3 (d
transfer (al unei proprieti)', act
transfer
conveyancer s. avocat (care pregte^
actele n vederea unui transfer
proprietate)
conveyer v.conveyor

conveyor s. conveier, band transp<

coomb s. coomb (unitate de cap
citate)
cooperate v.t. a coopera, a colabora
cooperation s. 1. cooperare, colabon
2. cooperatie
cooperative adj. 1. comun, de.
colaborare 2. cooperatist s. cooperatii
~ advertising - publicitate comu
(colaborarea mai multorfirme pentn
reduce cheltuielile n acest sector)

'9

COO-COR

- bank - cooperativ de credit

- farm - cooperativ agricol de pro-ducie
- marketing - marketing comun (al
unui grup de productori care
colaboreaz pentru lansarea mrfurilor lorpepia)

~ shop/store - cooperativ de consum

~ society - societate cooperatist,
cooperativ
~ system - sistem cooperatist,
cooperaie
coownership s. coproprietate
~ of industry - acordare de actiuni
angajatilor (la societatea n care
lucreaz)

copartner s. coasociat, copartener

copartnership s. asociaie
~ of industry - acordare de aciuni
angajailor (la societatea n care
lucreaz)

copper s. 1. cupm, aram; moned de

aram 2. pl. aciuni ale unei societi de
exploatare a cuprului
~ - bottomed - sigur, solid, cu
acoperire (din punct de vedere
financiar)

copy s. copie; exemplar v.t., v.i. a copia

~ paper - hrtie indigo/carbon
copybook s. registru sau dosar
coninnd copii de acte/documente
copyright s. drept de autor (pentru
operele literare, muzicale, artistice)
adj. protejat de drepturile de autor, cu
dreptul de publicatie rezervat v.t. a-i
rezerva drepturile de autor pentru (o
carte, un disc etc.)
~ reserved - toate drepturile rezervate
copywriter s. redactor (de reclame,
anunuri)

core . interior, miez, inim

~ activity/business - activitate
principal/de baz
~ competence - (man.) competen de
baz (a unei societi)
~ equity - capital propriu esenial (al
unei societ)

~ workers - (man.) muncitori eseniali

(cu sarcini
deosebite)

responsabiliti

corkage ^. tax pentru buturile

nfundate (servite n restaurant)
corn s. 1. cereale, grne 2. (SUA)
porumb
~ and dry measure - msur de
capacitate pentm cereale i mrfuri
pulverulente
~ chandler - comerciant de cereale (cu
amnuntul)
~ dealer - cerealist, comerciant de
cereale (cu ridicata)

~ exchange - burs de cereale

~ market - pia de cereale
~ trade - comer cu cereale
corner 5'. acaparare (de mrfuri, aciuni
pentru a exercita controlul asupra
preurilor); monopol, monopolizare v.t.
a acapara, a monopoliza (mrfuri,
aciuni) v.i. a forma un monopol
corporate adj. 1. corporativ; constituit,
formnd o corporaie 2. corporatist
~ body - organ constituit, persoan
juridic
~ campaign - campanie organizaional (campanie publicitar menit s
cultive imaginea unei companii n
ansamblu)

~ culture - (man.) cultur/sistem de

valori a(l) corporaiei, cultur organizaional

so_________________

____________________COR-4

~ customer - persoan juridic (client al

unei bnc)
~ identity - (man.) identitatea corporaiei
~ image - (man.) imaginea corporatiei ~
income tax - (SUA) impozit pe profitul
societii
~ logo - logo(gram) de corporaie ~ name nume social ~ planning - planificare
corporativ ~ raider - (bur.) persoan fizic
sau juridic ce ncearc s obin controlul
asupra unei societi (prin cumprarea
masiv i brusc de aciuni) -risk - risc
corporativ (la alocarea capitalului, acesta
reflect efectele unui proiect asupra riscului
firmei, msurat ca efect asupra
variabilitii profitului finnei)
~ seal - tapila firmei; sigla firmei ~ sector
- sector corporativ/al corpo-ratiilor (n
economie) ~ state - stat corporatist ~
strategy - strategie corporativ/a corporaiei
~ town - muncipalitate ~ trustee - instituie
mandatat corporation s. 1. corporaie,
persoan juridic 2. (SUA) corporaie
(persoan juridic care funcioneaz
separat i distinct de proprietarii i
managerii si, avnd astfel avantajul unei
existene nelimitate, transferabilitatea
simpl a prilor sociale i rspundere
limitat) 3. municipalitate ~ aggregate (dr.) corporaie colectiv (cu mai muli
membri) ~ sole - (dr.) corporaie exclusiv
(titular, cu personaitate juridic, al uneia
dintre anumite funcii publice)

~ stock - obligaiuni municipale

- tax - impozit pe societate
corporatism s. corporatism
corporator s. membru (fondator^
unei corporah
corporeal adj. corporal
~ property - bunuri corporale
correspondence s. 1. corespondq
pot 2. organizaie-corespoiMJ
(instituie financiar care prestf
servicii pentru alt organia
financiar)

~ banking - sistem bancar cu activi

corespondent
~ clerk - funcionar/secretar respoi
bil cu corespondena
~ course - curs prin coresponden
~ department - serviciu de cores
den
correspondent s. 1. corespom
(banc ce acioneaz ca agent penti
alt banc care nu are sucursale^

corespondent, reporter
~ bank banc - corespondent
corruption s. corupie
cost s. 1. cost; pre de cost 2.
cheltuieli de judecat; cheltuieli v.
evalua, a fixa preul v.i. a costa, a fa
~ accounting - contabilitatea costui
~ allocation - alocare a costui
individuale (din costul total)
~ and freight - (mar.) cost i navlu
~ - benefit analysis - analiz c
-beneficiu
~ centre - centm de cost (um
creia i se pot aloca nite cos
specifice)
~ efficiency - randament/reducere
preului de cost
- estimate - deviz estimativ

cos-cou
~, insurance, freight - cost, asigurare,
navlu
~, insurance, freight and commission
- cost, asigurare, navlu i comision ~,
insurance, freight and exchange cost, asigurare, navlu i diferen de
curs de schimb
~, insurance, freight, commission
and interest - cost, asigurare, navlu,
comision i dobnd
~ leader - lider de cost (firm care
deinefa de concurenii ei un avantaj
important n ceea ceprivete costul)

~ of capital - cost al capitalului (media

costurilor comportate de diversele
tipuri de capital al unei compani)

~ of credit - cost al creditului

(dobndd)

~ of debt - cost al datoriilor (rata

dobnzii noilor datorii emise)

~ of downtime - cost al timpului de

ntrempere a produciei
~ of labour - cost al forei de munc
~ of living - cost al vieii
~ - of-living bonus - spor (salarial)
pentm corelarea veniturilor cu evoluia
indicelui costului vietii
~ - of-living index - indice al costului
vieii
~ of new common equity - cost al
noilor aciuni comune (rata rentabilitu lafondurile obinuteprin vnzarea
de noi aciuni comune)
~ of retained earnings - cost al
profitului nerepartizat/acumulat (rata
rentabilitii solicitate de acionari
pentru capitalurile proprii obinute de
firm prin reinerea i reinvestirea
profitului)

81

~ per thousand - cost la mie (metod de

calculare a cheltuielilor de publicitate
pentru fiecare mie de cititori, asculttori
etc.) ~ - plus method - metoda adugrii
unei cote marginale fixe la preul de cost
~ price - pre de cost
~ (- push) inflation - inflatie provocat de
creterea preurilor de cost
~ standards - nivel de cheltuieli prevzute
~ structure - structur a costului ~ unit unitate de cost coster v. costermonger
costermonger s. negustor ambulant (de
fructe, legume, pete etc.) costing s.
calcul/stabilire a(l) preului de cost
costliness s. scumpete, preuri ridicate
cottage s. cas rneasc ~ industry industrie artizanal cotton s. bumbac ~
bale - bal/balot de bumbac ~ futures contracte futures cu bumbac
~ market - piaa bumbacului ~ mill fllatur de bumbac coulisse s. grup de
brokeri neoficiali council s. consiliu ~
board - edin de consiliu ~ estate cartier de locuine aflat n administrarea
autoritilor locale ~ tax - iaapozit local
councillor s. 1. membru al unui consiliu 2.
consilier counsellor s. 1. consilier 2. avocat
~ - at-law - avocat

j82________________________

counter s. 1. tejghea; ghieu 2. contor

(^e ap, electricitate etc.) adj. contrar,
opus
~ advice - contraaviz
~ check - (SUA) cec/formular de
retragere (de numerar din cont)
counterbid s. contraofert (la licitaie)
counterclaim (dr.) s. cerere reconvenional v.i. a formula o cerere
reconvenional
counterfeit adj. contrafcut, fals s.
contrafacere, falsificare; fals v.t. a
contraface, a falsifica
counterfeiter s. falsificator
counterfoil s. cotor (de chitane,
cecuri, bilete); contramarc, talon,
matc
counterman s. tejghetar; barman
countermand s. contramandare v.t. a
contramanda, a anula (o comand, un
ordin etc.)

counteroffer s. contraofert
counterpart s. copie, duplicat
countersign s. contrasemntur v.t. a
contrasemna
countersignature s. contrasemntur
countertrade s. (com.) contrapartid
countervail v.t. a compensa, a
contracara
country s. 1. ar, stat 2. regiune, zon;
provincie
~ limit - (fin.) limit de ar (limita
riscului de tara)

~ of destination - ar de destinaie (a
mrfii)

~ of origin - ar de origine ( mrfii)

~ rating - rating de ar
~ risk - (fin.) risc de ar

cou-cq
coupon s. 1. cupon (ataat unui titlu
valoare la purttor) 2. bon, tichet fi
cartel)
\ ~ bond obligamne cu cupoane f< dobnd)
^ ~ rate - rata cuponului (rd specificat
a dobnzii unei obigaiun ~ sheet foaie de cupoane
;
~ stripping - desfiinare a cuponul
(transformarea
unei
obigaiu
obinuite ntr-una cu cupon zero)
courier s. curier court s. curte, tribunal
- of appeals - curte de apel
~ of arbitration - curte/tribunal (
arbitraj
- of competent jurisdiction - tribun
competent
~ ofjustice/law - tribunal
- of original jurisdiction - tribunal i
prima instan
courtage s. curtaj, brokeraj covenant s.
acord, contract; clauz unui contract v.t.
a conveni (pf contract), a prevedea, a
stipula covenanter s. parte contractant
cover s. 1. (fond de) acoperire/garan
(pentru un mprumut, o tranzacie eh 2.
asigurare, acoperire (a unui risc)
suplinire (a unui muncitor absent) \ 1.
(bur., fin.) a acoperi, a garanta 2. asigura,
a acoperi (un risc) 3. a relata comenta
(tiri, evenimente; desp ziariti)
~ charge - cost suplimentar (penl tacm
la restaurant)
- funds - fonduri de garanie/acoperi ~
note - certificat provizoriu asigurare (cu
valabilitate pn emiterea poliei de
asigurare)

83

COV-CRE

coverage s. 1. (bur fin.) acoperire,

garanie 2. asigurare, acoperire (a unui
risc) 3. public, acoperire (procentul de
consumatori ai unei piee-int care au cel
puin o ocazie de a recepiona un mesaj
publicitar n timpul unei cwnpanii) 4.
reportaje, comentarii (despre un
eveniment) covered adj. acoperit, asigurat
~ bear - (bur.) speculant la baisse cu
acoperire (care deine suficiente aciuni
pentru a-i ndeplini obligaiile, nefiind
obligat sa cumpere pe o pia n cretere)
~ interest arbitrage - (fin.) arbitraj cu
dobnd acoperit
~ option - (bur.) opiune acoperit
(contract de opiune garantat cu aciunile
unui titlu de valoare suport) coverage s. 1.
acoperire, asigurare;
riscuri acoperite/asigurate 2. public (al unei
staii de radio sau televiziune);
cititori, asculttori etc. (ai unor
reclame) 3. reportaj, comentariu
covering s. acoperire (tranzacii de
acoperire pe piaa bursier prin
contracte la termen)
~ letter - scrisoare de nsoire
craft s. 1. meteug, meserie 2. breasl,
corporatie 3. ambarcaie; ambarcatii,
nave 4. avion; avioane
~ clause - (mar.) clauz de alimbare
~ guild - breasl, corporatie
~ labour - mn de IUCBLI calificat
~ union - sindicat al muncitorilor/meseriailor din aceeai specialitate
craftsman 5'. meseria, meteugar;
artizan craftsmanship s. meteug,
art

cranage s. tax de macara; drept de

folosire a macaralelor (portuare)
crane .y.macara; macara de chei sau
bord
crash 5-. crah, faliment
crate s. crat (ldi/cutie din ipci)
crating s. ambalare n crate
crawling adj. care se mic ncet
~ P^ - (fif1-) crawling peg (rat de
schimb prin care cursul de schimb al
unei monede fluctueaz ntr-o marj
restrns)
creative adj. creator, inventiv
~ accounting - contabilitate creatoare
credentials s. pl. scrisori de recomandare
credit s. 1. credit; mprumut 2.
reputaie de solvabilitate 3. scrisoare de
credit, acreditiv 4. (cont.) credit
(coloan n partea dreapt a fiecrui
cont) v.t. 1. a credita, a mprumuta, a
deschide un credit 2. (cont.) a credita, a
nregistra n creditul unui cont
~ account - (com.) cont n credit
- advice - aviz de creditare
- agency/bureau - agenie/birou de
verificare a solvabilitii (unui client
sau a uneifinne)
~ balance - sold creditor
~ bank - banc de credit
~ card - carte de credit
- ceiling/limit - limit a creditului,
plafon de creditare
~ clearing - compensare {interbancara) a creditelor
~ control - control al creditelor
~ cooperative - cooperativ de credit
- creation - creare de credite (in
economie}

~ department - serviciu de credite

84________________________

__________________CRE-CRI

~ freeze/squeeze - ngheare/blocare a
creditelor
~ S^P ~ (com.) ecart de credit (formul
care desemneaz conflictul dintre

~ standards - standarde de credit

- structure - structur a creditului ~
terms - termeni (conractuali) d| creditare
- union - cooperativ de credit
creditor s. creditor
~ account - cont creditor
~ nation - ar creditoare
~ position - (cont.) poziie creditoare
~ s' meeting - adunarea creditorilor
- s under commission of bankruptc?
- creditori ai unui falit
~ s voluntary winding-up - lichidac
voluntar a creditorilor
creditworthiness s. bonitate, solvabili
tate; reputaie de solvabilitate
creeping adj. lent
~ control/takeover - preluare lenta
treptat a controlului (asupra uru

interesul vnztorului de a-i primi

banii ct mai curnd i cel al cumprtorului de a plti ct mai trziu)

~ history - evoluie n timp a creditului

~ insurance - asigurare a creditelor
~ instrument - instrument financiar/de
credit
~ insurance - asigurare a creditelor (de
ctre creditor)
~ line - (SUA) limit de credit; not
care indic sursa unei ilustraii
(reproduse ntr-o carte)

~ losses - pierderi din credite

neperformante
~ manager - manager de credit
~ market - piaa creditelor
~ memorandum/note - bilet de credit
(prin care clientul este ntiinat de
ctre un furnizor c acesta i-a creditat
contul, specificndu-se i suma
respectiv)

~ offcer - inspector de credite

~ on mortgage - credit ipotecar
~ on personal property - credit
mobiliar
~ on real estate - credit imobiliar
- period - perioad de credit
- rating/status/standing - evaluare a
bonitii/solvabilitii
~ review - revizuire a creditelor
(pentru stabilirea provizioanelor)
~ sale - vnzare pe credit
~ scoring - punctaj de bonitate
- slip/voucher - borderou de plat ( la
banc)

societi)

~ inflation - inflaie lent

crew s. echipaj (de nav)
~ list - list de echipaj, rol de apel a
navei
~'s customs declaration - declarai
vamal a echipajului
crisis s. criz
~ management - management de cria
critical adj. critic
~ cargo - marf pretenioas f
privina condiiilor de transport)
~ path analysis - analiza drumuli
critic (analiza etapelor pentr
realizarea fiecrei activitfi succesh
n vederea implementrii ntreg
strategii)

crop s. 1. recolt 2. cultur agricol v.

1. a recolta 2. a cultiva v.i. a produc
recolt (despre pmnt)
~ m rotation - sol

CRO-CUR

- rotation/succession - asolament cross

adj. ncmciat, combinat;
reciproc v.t. a bara (un cec)
~ effects - efecte reciproce
~ exchange/rate - curs de schimb
ncmciat (stabilrea cursului dintre
dou valute prin raportare la o ter
moned)
~ holding - deinere reciproc de
aciuni (de ctre dou sau mai multe
societi)
~ liabilities - (mar.) rspunderi/
obligaii reciproce (ale armaorilor n
caz de (*oliziune)

~ offer - ofert ncmciat

~ selling - vnzare mperecheat
(plasarea produselor complementare
unele lng altele n magazin)
~ -sectional analysis - analiz n
seciune transversal (calculul ratelor
financiare la doua momente diferite de
timp)
~ subsidy - subvenie ncruciat
crossing s. barare (a unui cec)
crown 5'. coroan (regal)
~ debt - crean regal
~ jewels defence - aprarea bijuteriilor
coroanei (pan de msuri adoptat de o
societate ameninat cu preluarea
controlului de ctre un investitor
nedorit)

~ land - domeniu regal/al coroanei

crude adj. brut, neprelucrat
~ naphtha/oil/petroleum - iei, petrol
brut
~ - oil carrier - petrolier (de iei)
~ ore - minereu bmt
~ product - produs brut
cruise s. croazier
cubic adj. cubic, volumefric

85

~ capacity/content - capacitate
volumetric (a navelor comerciale)
~ contents - cubaj
~ displacement - deplasament
volumetric
~ measure - unitate volumetric
~ storage capacity - capacitate cubic
de depozitare
cumprep. (bur.)cu

~ all - cu toate beneficiile

- capitalization - cu capitalizare
~ coupon - cu cupon
~ distribution - cu distribuire (de
dividende etc.)
~ dividend - cu dividend
~ interest - cu dobnd
~ new/rights - cu drepturi (prefereniale la o nou emisiune de aciun)
cumulative adj. cumulativ
~ average residuals - (fn.) valori
reziduale medii cumulative (nsumarea
n timp a excedentului de rentabilitate
al unei aciuni sau al unui portofoliu)
~ dividends - dividende cumulative
(wracteristic deprotectik a aciunilor

prefereniale care impune ca toate

dividendele resante cuvenite acestei
categorii de aciuni s fie pltite
prioritar)
~ preference/preferred share aciune preferenial cumulativ
~ voting - vot cumulativ (metod de
vot,care permite voturi multiple pentru
un singur membru al unui consiliu de
administraie)
curb s. (bur.) pia neoficial v.t. a
limita, a ine sub control (inflaia)
~ broker - broker neoficial
- market - pia neoficial

S6___________________________

__________________CUR-CU

currency s. 1. valut; devize; instrument de plat 2. circulaie (monetar)

3. scaden (a unei cambii)
~ appreciation - apreciere a unei
valute (n raport cu altele)
~ bill - cambie tras n devize
~ bond - obligatiune pltibil n
moneda rii n care a fost emis;
(SUA) obligaiune pltibil n devize
~ circulation - circulatie monetar
~ code - cod al valutei
~ deflation - deflaie monetar
~ depreciation - depreciere a unei
monede (n raport cu altele)
~ devaluation - devalorizare
~ notes - bancnote (emise ntre 1914-1918 n Marea Britanie)
~ option - opiune (de vnzare sau
cumprare) pentru devize
~ rate - rat de schimb
~ risk - risc al cursului de schimb
(riscul de a nregistra pierderi cauzate
defluctuaia ratelor de schimb)
~ swap - swap cu devize
~ union - uniune monetar
current adj. curent
~ account - cont curent ~ assets - active curente/circulante
~ balance - sold curent al unui cont;
sold al contului curent
~ capital - (SUA) capital curent/de
lucru
~ cost - (cont.) cost curent
~ cost accounting - contabilitatea
costurilor curente/de inflaie
~ debt - datorie curent
~ liabilities - pasive curente
~ money - moned curent
~ price - pre curent

~ ratio - (fin.) rata lichiditii curefl

(raportul dintre pasivele curente a unei
afaceri i activee sale curente) ~
settlement - (bur.) lichidare curent ~
year - an curent
~ yield - (fin.) randament curei (venitul
unei obligaiuni, egal i valoarea cuponului
mprit la pre) curtail v.t. a reduce
(cheltuieli) curve s. curb (a cererii)
custody s. custodie ~ account - cont de
custodie ~ bill of lading - (mar.)
conosament d marf (n special bumbac) n
custodie custom s. 1. uzan, convenie 1
clientel; vad 3. pl. vam; taxe vamal adj.
fcut pe comand ~ - built/'make - fcut
pe comand ~ of the port - uzan a
portului ~ of trade - uzan contractual ~
s agency - agenie vamal ~ s agent agent de lichidare n vam ~ s and excise
duties - taxe vamale 5 de regie
~ s area - zon vamal ~ s authority autoritate vamal ~ s bill of entry buletin zilnic 2 micrii navelor ia
mrfurilor ~ s. bond - scrisoare de garani
vamal (pentru plata taxelor vamale d
import)
~ s broker - (SUA) agent de lichidar n
vam
~ s classification - clasificare vamal
(categoria din cadrul unui nomenclatc de
taxe vamale n care este introdus u
produs)
~ s clearance - formaliti vamali
lichidare n vam

CUS-CYC

- s debenture - certificat de restituire

a taxelor vamale (pltite pentru
mrfurile importate care au fost
ulterior reexportate sau folosite la
fabricarea mrfurilor de export)
~ s declaration/entry - declaraie
vamal
~ s drawback - restituire a taxelor
vamale
~ s duty - tax vamal
'
~ s examination/inspection - inspecie/control vamal
~ s harmonization - armonizare a
taxelor vamale (unifonnizarea nomenclatoarelor i a procedurilor vamale n
rile care coopereaz)
~ (s) house - vam, punct vamal
~ s invoice - factur vamal
~ s nomenclature - nomenclatur vamal
~ s offce - birou de vam
~ s offcer - vame
~ s permit - permis vamal
~ s regulations - regulament vamal
~ s seal - sigiliu vamal
~ s tare - tar vamal
~ s tariff - tarif vamal
~ s territory - jurisdicie vamal
~ s union - uniune vamal

87

- s value - valoare n vam

~ s warehouse - antrepozit vamal
~ s warrant - recipis vamal
~ s waters - zon maritim special
~ s wharf - chei vamal
customable adj. supus taxelor vamale
customary adj. uzual, obinuit
~ delivery - livrare uzual
~ law - drept cutumiar
~ (quick) dispatch - celeritate uzual
~ tare - tar uzual
customer s. client; cumprtor; consumator
~ profle - profil al clientelei
~ s' ledger - (cont.) registru de vnzri
cut s. reducere, micorare v.t. 1. a
reduce, a micora (preuri, salarii etc.)
2. foff) a tia, a ntrerupe (alirnentarea
cu ap, gaze etc.)
~ price/rate - pre redus (drastic)
~ - price shop - magazin cu preuri
reduse
cutthroat adj. dur, acerb
~ competition - concuren dur/
acerb
cycle s. ciclu
cyclical adj. ciclic
~ fluctuations - fluctuaii ciclice
~ unemployment - omaj ciclic

D
daily adj. zilnic, cotidian adv. zilnic s.
cotidian, ziar
~ consumption - consum zilnic
~ flow - prodsucie zilnic (in flux

~ done/incurred - pagub produs

ocazionat
~ report - raport de avarie
~ suit - proces de daune

continuu)

~ survey - expertiz de avarie

~ loans / money - mprumuturi pentru

o zi
~ output / production - producie
zilnic
~ receipts / returns - ncasri zilnice,
ctig pe zi
~ turnover - cifr de afaceri zilnic;
volum de mrfuri operat zilnic
dairy s. 1. lptrie; ferm de vaci de
lapte 2. magazin de produse lactate
~ cattle - vaci de lapte
~ farm - ferm de vaci de lapte
~ lunch - lactobar
~ products - produse lactate
dairying s. industria laptelui
dairyman s. lptar; muncitor la o
ferm de vaci de lapte
damage s. 1. pagub, avarie,
prejudiciu, daun 2. pl. (dr.) daune,
despgubiri v.. 1. a avaria, a deteriora
2. a pgubi, a provoca pagube
~ by fire - pagub prin incendiu
~ by handling - pagub prin
manipulare
~ by jettison - (mar.) pagub prin
aruncarea peste bord (a bunurilor
navei)

~ certificate - certificat de avarie

~ chargeable to - avarie n sarcina
~ claim - cerere de daune/despgubiri

~ to persons - daun corporal

~ to property - daun material
~ to the goods - avariere a mrfurilor
~s at large - daune / despgubn
necontractuale (stabilite de instan)
to be liable for ~s - a fi pasibil d
plata despgubirilor
damaged adj. avariat, deteriorat
~ cargo - caric / ncrctui
deteriorat()
~ goods - mrfuri avariate / deteriorah
dandy s. (mar.) alup sau lep o
arbore
~ note - permis de mrfuri antrepc
zitate; permis vamal
danger s. pericol, risc
~ money - spor de periculozitate
dangerous adj. periculos
cargo
- caric
/
ncrctui
periculo(a)s()
~ goods - mrfuri periculoase ~ oils produse petroliere periculoas (cu
temperatura de aprindere su +23Q
date s. 1. dat 2. termen, perioadi
scaden v.t. 1. a data (o scrisoare etc 2.
(back) a antedata v.i. a data ~ as
postmark - data potei ~ of arrival - data
sosirii ~ of delivery - data livrrii ~ of
departure - data plecrii

DAT-DEA

~ of dispatch - data expedierii

~ of invoice - data facturrii
~ of loading - data ncrcrii
~ of maturity - data scadenei,
scaden
~ of payment - data plii
~ of sailing - (war.) data plecrii
~ of shipment - (mar.) data expedierii
~ stamp - tampil cu dat
~ stamping - marcare a termenului de
valabilitate (pe produsele perisabile)
dated adj. datat

~ securities - titluri de valoare

(pbligaiuni, cambii etc.) la termen
dateless adj. nedatat
daughter ^. fiic
~ company - societate-fiic (filial a
unui holding)
dawn s. nceput
~ raid - {bur.) raidul din zori,
cumprare la deschidere (cumprare
neanunat a unui pachet mare de
aciuni n primele momente ale
deschiderii bursei pentru a evita
creterea cursului acestord)

day s. ziu, zi; pl. zile consecutive /

curgtoare
~ book - (cont.) jumal
~ labourer - zilier
~ of demurrage - (mar.) zi de
contrastalii
~ of entry - zi de depunere a
declaratiei vamale
~ of 24 running hours - zi de lucru de
24 de ore consecutive
~ off - zi liber
~ orders - (bur.) ordine zilnice
~ plan - plan de activiti zilnice
~ rate - sistem de salarizare cu ziua
~ shift - schimb / tur de zi

89

~s after sight - zile dup prezentare

(formul pe o cambie)
~s of grace - zile / termen de graie
(pentru plata unei datorii scadente)
~ - to - day accomodation / loan (bur.) mprumut pentru o zi / de pe o zi
pe alta
~ - to - day option - (bur.} opiune
pentm o zi / de pe o zi pe alta
~ - to - day rate - dobnd la
mprumutul pentru o zi / de pe o zi pe
alta
daywork s. lucru (pltit) cu ziua
dead adj. mort, inactiv
~ account - cont inactiv
~ capital - capital inactiv / neproductiv
~ -end job - activitate fr perspectiv
~ freight - (mar.) navlu mort
~ load - ncrcare prin greutate
proprie/moart; greutate proprie
~ loan - mprumut nerecuperabil
~ loss - pierdere net
~ market - pia inactiv
~ money - bani neinvestii
~ rent - chirie moart (pltit pentru
concesionarea unei mine, indiferent
dac aceasta este n exploatare sau nu)

~ season - sezon mort

~ security - garanie nul (proprietate
industrial ce nu poate servi drept
garanie bancar dac nu este n
exploatare)
~ time - timp mort
deadweight s. greutate proprie (a unui
vehicul), tar; (mar.) greutate moart
(care nu aduce navlu); capacitate
deadweight / brut / total {de transport
a nave)

~ capacity / all told - capacitate

deadweight / bmt / total
~ cargo - mrfuri grele / deadweight

90

~ cargo capacity - capacitate util /

net de ncrcare
~ cargo tonnage - tonaj net
~ charter - navlosire la greutate
~ debt - datorie neproductiv (component a datoriei publice cauzat mai
ales de cheltuielile neproductive legate
de rzboi)
~ loss - pierdere nerecuperabil
(manifestare a ineficienei economice)
~ plan - plan de ncrcare complet a
navei

~ scale - diagram / grafic de ncrcare

~ ton - ton deadweight
deadline s. termen-limit / final
deadstock s. 1. inventar mort (utilaje i
construcii agricole) 2. (com.) stoc

nevandabil
deal s. 1. afacere; tranzacie 2. (SUA)
politic economic (specific unei
anumite administraii) 3. ofert special (in scop publicitar) 4. scndur /
dulap de brad (cu dimensiuni standard)
v.t. 1. a da, a distribui 2. (at) a cumpra
la, a fi clientul (unui magazin) 3.
(between) a fi intermediar ntre 4. (in)
a face comert cu 5. (together) a avea
relaii cu 6. (with) a face afaceri cu, a
avea legturi comerciale cu v.i. a face
comert
~ on joint account - tranzacie n
participaie
~ porter - docher cherestegiu
dealer ,s. 1. comerciant, negustor;
intermediar; detailist 2. (bur.) dealer
~ aids - material publicitar
~ buyer - telal
~'s brand - marca distribuitorului / de
comert (nume de marc atribuit unui
produs de ctre un intermediar, de
obicei un deailist important)

DEA-I

dealings s.pl. 1. raporturi/relaii coi

ciale 2. tranzacii/operaii financiare
~ for a fall - (bur.) operaii la bais^
~ for a rise - (bur.) operaii \
hausse
\
~ for cash - operaii n numerar \
dear adj., adv. scump
~ money - credite cu dobnzi ridicato
~ money policy - politic de credite <
dobnzi ridicate
dearness s. scumpete, preuri ridicatei
~ allowance - indemnizaie pent
creteri de preuri
dearth s. 1. lips, penurie 2. scumpeu
~ of liquidity - lips de lichiditi i
death s. deces
~ beneft - (asig.) indemnizaie <
deces (pltit urmailor unui munciu
decedat din cauw unui acciden {
munca}

~ duty / tax - impozit succesoral /1

motenire
~ grant - ajutor de nmormntare
~ rate - rata mortalitii
debase v.t. 1. a devaloriza, a deprec
2. a falsifica (monede, metale etc.)
debasement s. devalorizare, deprecia
~ of the coinage - depreciere
monedei
debenture s. 1. titlu de crean; (5Z
obligaiune general / negaranta
(instrument de ndatorare pe terrrh
lung care nu este garantat de o ipot&
asupra unor active) 2. certificat i
restituire a taxelor vamale
~ bond - obligaiune cu dobnd fix
debit (cont.) s. debit v.t. a debita
~ account - cont de activ (cu so
debitor)
~ balance - sold debitor
~ card - carte de debit

DEB-DEC

~ column - coloana debitului

~ entry / item - articol debitor
~ note - not de debitare
~ procedure - ncasare direct
~ side - debit
to enter / to carry / to put to the ~ of
an account - a trece (o suma) n
coloana de debit a unui cont
debt s. datorie

~ buy back - rscumprare a

creanelor (de ctre debitor)
~ capacity - (fin.) capacitate de
ndatorare (vaoarea maxim a datoriei
n structura capitalulu)

~ ceiling / limit - plafon al datoriei

~ - collection / - recovery agency agenie de recuperare a datoriilor
~ collector - agent de recuperare a
datoriiior
~ due - datorie exigibil
~ equity ratio - (fin.) raportul datorie - capital propriu
~ equity swap - (fin.) swap de datorii
contra capitalul propriu
~ management - managementul /
gestiunea datoriilor
~ of honour - datorie de onoare
~ of old standing - datorie veche
~ ratio - (fin.) rata de ndatorare
(totalul datoriilor mprit la totalul
activelor unei societ}
~ service - serviciul datoriei
to be out of ~ - a nu mai avea datorii
to get out of ~ - a se achita de datorii
to run into ~ - a face datorii
debtee A'. creditor
debtless adj. far datorii
debtor s. 1. debitor, datomic 2. pl.
conturi active
~ account - cont de activ (cu sold
debitor)

91

~ age analysis - analiza vechimii

debitorilor
~ in default - debitor n incapacitate
de plat
decade s. deceniu; decad
decartelization 5. desfiinare a unui
cartel
decartelize v.t. a desfiina un cartel
decentralization s. descentralizare
decentralize v.t. a descentraliza
decimal adj. zecimal, decimal
~ classifcation - clasificare zecimal
~ coinage - sistem monetar decimal
~ measure - msur metric / zecimal
~ system - sistem zecimal (de uniti
de msur)
decimalize v.t. a transforma n sistemul
zecimal
decision 5'. decizie, hotrre
~ beyond / past recall - decizie
irevocabil
~ maker - factor de decizie
making - luare de decizii;
competen de decizie
~ - making costs - costuri ce
influeneaz luarea deciziilor
~ - making under certainty - luare de
decizii n condiii de certitudine
~ - making under risk - luare de
decizii n condiii de risc
~ - making unit - (man.) unitate
decizional
~ tree - (man.) arbore de decizie
(stabilirea grafic a tipului de relaie
ntre deciziile manageriale i factorii
probabilistici)

to make a ~ a lua o decizie

deck A\ (mar.) punte
~ cargo - caric de punte
~ - cargo cover - prelat de protecie a
caricului de pe punte

92

~ - cargo line - tubulatur de punte {la

petroliere)

~ - cargo space - spaiu de ncrcare

pe punte
~ gear - instalaie de punte
~ - load capacity - capacitate de
transport pe punte
~ stowage - stivuire pe punte
declarant s. declarant (yama)
declaration s. declaraie
~ day - (bur.) zi de declaraie (ultima
zi n care titularul unei opiuni poate
decide dac o menine sau nu)

~ inwards - declaraie (vamal) la

intrare
~ of bankruptcy - declaraie de
faliment
~ of duty - declaraie vamal
~ of nullity - (dr.) declararea nulitii
(unui contract)
of
solvency
declaraie
de
solvabilitate
~ of the contents - declaraie (yamala)
asupra continutului ~ of value - declaraie
de valoare ~ outwards - declaraie
(yamal) \a ieire
~ policy - poli de asigurare flotant /
nenominalizat declared adj. declarat ~
value - valoare declarat (n vam) decline
5'. 1. scdere, diminuare 2. declin (al
activitfii economice) v.t. a declina, a
refuza v.i. a scdea, a diminua
~ in prices - scdere a preurilor ~ of the
markets - restrngere a pieelor
decontrol 5. eliberare de sub controlul
statului v.t. a elibera de sub controlul
statului

DEC-I

decrease s. reducere, scdere, nuare

v.t., v.i. a (se) reduce, a scdea decree s.
1. decret; ordonan ( hotrre
judectoreasc, sentin v.i decreta, a
hotr
i ~ in bankruptcy hotrre judeci reasc de declarare n
stare de falima ~ law - decret-lege
i deduct v.t. 1. a deduce, a scdeaj
reine 2. a defalca; a deconta
deductible adj. deductibil ~ space (mar.) spaiu deducti (spaiu impropriu
ncrcrii cu marf. deduction s. 1.
scdere, reinere defalcare; decontare
~s from pay - reineri din sala (pentni
plata impozitelor, asigurrilor sociale
etc.) deed s. act,. document; contract; ti
(penru transferarea unui drep) ~ of
arrangement / assignmenl concordat,
acord cu creditorii ~ of conveyance act de transmil (a proprieti); act de
cesiune ~ of gift - act de donaie ~ of
partnership - contract de asocn ~ of
property - act / titlu proprietate
~ of transfer - act de transfer i aciuni)
~ of trust - contract fiduciar ~ poll obligaie unilateral, simplu
deep adj. adnc
~ discount bond - {SUA) obligaii cu
reducere mare {a preului emisiune, dar
care ofer dobi mica)
~ draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj mi ~
load mark - (mar.) marc de pesc
ncrcare

DEE-DEF

~ - sea fishery / fishing - pescuit oceanic /

de larg
- - sea navigation - navigaie de curs
hmg
~ - sea tug - remorcher maritim
- stowage - stivuire n cal / magazia
inferioar
- - water line - linie de plutire la ncrcare
maxim
deface v.. a terge, a deteriora (faa unei
bancnote, a unui cec) defalcate v.t. 1. a
defalca 2. a delapida, a detuma (fonduri)
v.i. a comite fraude defalcation s. 1.
defalcare 2. delapidare; sum delapidat
defalcator s. delapidator default s. 1.
(a?r.) neprezentare, lips (din instan) 2.
nendeplinire (a unui contract) 3. ncetare
de plat v.t. 1. (dr.) a judeca n contumacie
2. a nu face fa (angajamentelor); a nu
putea plti (datorit) v.i. 1. (dr.) a nu se
prezenta {n instana) 2. a nu-i plti
datoriile
~ risk - risc de ncetare de plat defaulter
s. 1. (dr.) condamnat (m conumacie) 1.
persoan care nu-i ndeplinete
obligaiile
/ angajamentele; falit
defeasance s. (dr.} 1. anulare, abrogare 2.
clauz rezolutorie (care poate implica
anularea unui contract) defeasible adj.
anulabil, abrogabil defeat (dr.) s. anulare,
abrogare v.t. a anula, a declara nul i
neavenit defective adj. incomplet,
imperfect ~ delivery - livrare defectuoas
(de tiluri de valoare ale cror caracteristici nu corespund exigenelor
bursiere sau contractuale)

93

~ title - (dr.) titlu (de proprietate)

incomplet / imperfect
~ - title policy - poli de asigurare
pentru o proprietate cu titlu incomplet /
imperfect (incheiat de cumprtorul
unei asemenea proprieti mpotriva
unei eventuale contestri njustiie)
defer v.t. a amna; a ealona
defer(r)able adj. care poate fi amnat /
ealonat
deferred adj. amnat; ealonat
~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate amnat
~ bond - obligatiune cu dobnd
ealonat (care crete gradua}
~ delivery - (bur.) tranzacionare
amnat (a aciunitor cu acordul
cumprtorului)
~ interest certificate / scrip / warrant
- (bur.) certificat pentru dobnd
ealonat
~ liabilities - datorii pe termen lung
~ payment account - cont de pli
ealonate
~ payment agreement - (com.) acord
de cumprare cu plata n rate
(proprieatea asupra produsului
devenind efectiv n momentul livrrii)
~ premium - (asig.) prim ealonat
~ rebates - (com.) reduceri cumulate
(acordate de angrosist detailisului n
anumite condiii)
~ shares - aciuni amnate (cw plata
dividendelor dupd ce toate celelalte
tipuri de aciuni aufost achitate)

~ tax - impozit amnat

deficiency s. 1. deficien, lips 2.
deficit, manco
~ clause - clauza lipsei (de marf la
predare)
~ in weight - lips la greutate
defcient adj. defectuos; insuficient

DEF-DEl

94

~ packing - ambalaj defectuos

~ reserves - deficit de rezerve
(rezervele unei bnci care scad sub
nivelul cerut de lege)

deficit s. deficit
~ financing / spending - fmanare a
deficitului (bugetar)
~ spending unit - unitate economic
cu deficit (care cheltuiete mai mult
dect produce)
definite adj. hotrt, ferm
~ order - comand ferm
deflate v.t. a provoca deflaia
(monede)

deflation s. (fin.) deflaie

deflationary adj. deflaionist
~ g3? - decalaj deflaionist
~ measure - msur deflaionist
defraud v.t. a defrauda, a delapida
defrauder s. defraudator, delapidator
defray v.t. a plti, a achita; a rambursa
(cheltuieli)
defrayable adj. cu ramburs
defrayal s. platire, achitare; rambursare
(a cheltuielilor)
defrayment v. defrayal
defunct 'adj. inactiv; radiat (din
registrul de comert)
~ company - societate radiat
degressive adj. degresiv
~ tax - impozit degresiv
dehoarding s. ncetare a tezaurizrii
capkalurilor
deindustrialization s. dezindustrializare
delay s. ntrziere, amnare; prelungire
(a termenulu) v.t. antrzia, a amna; a
prelungi (un termen)
del credere 5. (com.) del credere
~ agent - agent del credere
~ agreement - acord del credere

~ commission - comision al agentuli

del credere
delegate s. delegat v.t. a delega
delinquency s. delict (fnanciar^
neplat a datoriilor la scaden
delinquent adj. neachitat {despf
impozite)
~ account - cont (de credit) ntrzii
fa de scaden
~ tax certificate - (SUA) certificat d
impozite neachitate (form d
investiie)
delisting s. eliminare/suspendare
unor aciuni de pe lista de cota
bursiere
deliver v.t. 1. a livra, a distribui (
marfa) 2. a remite, a preda (o scrisoan
un act)

to ~ in full - a livra n ntregime

delivered adj. 1. livrat, distribu
(despre o marfa) 2. remis, predi
(despre o scrisoare, un act)

~ alongside ship - (mar.) livrare lng

nav / sotto palanco

~ at frontier - livrat la frontier

~ docks - (mar.) cu livrare n docuri
~ duty paid - livrat, taxele vamal
pltite
~ duty unpaid - livrat, taxele vamai
nepltite
~ free - livrare franco
~ measure - cantitate livrat / predat
~ price - pre de livrare (care inclwi
toate cheltuielile de transport pn i
punctul de livrare)
~ sound - livrat n bune condiii
~ weight - greutate predat
delivery s. 1. livrare, distribuire (<
marfa) 2. remitere, predare (de scrisoi
acte); transfer (de aciuni, cambii etc.}
~ advice - aviz de livrare

95

DEL-DEM

~ alongside ship - (mar.) livrare lng

nav / sotto palanco
~ bill / note - foaie / bon de livrare
~ book - registru de livrare
~ car / van - camionet, furgonet
(pentru livrr)
~ charges - cheltuieli de livrare
~ clause - (mar.) clauza predrii (navei
la expirarea perioadei de nchiriere)
~ date - data livrrii; termen de livrare
~ free domicile - livrare franco
domiciliu
~ manifold - manifold de livrare
~ on acceptance - livrare la acceptare
~ on board - (mar.) livrare / predare la
bordul navei
~ on payment - plata la livrare
~ order - ordin / bon de livrare;
conosament fracionat
~ overside - (mar.) livrare / predare
altei nave (prin ransbordare)
~ point - punct / loc de livrare
~ receipt - recipis de livrare
~ speed - (mar.) celeritate de livrare
~ terms - condiii de livrare
~ voyage '- (mar.) cltorie / voiaj de
predare (a navei la expirarea
termenului de navlosire)

to take ~ of the goods - a recepiona

marfa
demand s. cerere; comand v.t. a cere,
a solicita

~ bill - cambie la cerere

~ charge tariff - pre de vnzare a
energiei electrice
~ curve - curba cererii (ntr-un grafic')
~ deposit - depozit / depunere la
vedere; (SUA) depozit / depunere la
cerere (cont de cecur)
~ -induced /-pull inflation - inflaie
datorat cererii

~ loan - mprumut rambursabil la

cerere
~ matching - echilibrare a cererii (cu
nivelul producie}
~ note - aviz de plat
~ pass - permis de ridicare a mrfurilor
(din depozit)

~ price - pre cerut

~ - pull inflation - inflaie provocat
prin cerere
~ schedule - graficul cererii
~ variaton - variaia cererii
to be in great ~ - a fi foarte cerut /
cutat
demarcation s. demarcare, delimitare
~ dispute - conflict de delimitare
(dezacord aprut ntre sindicate cu
privire la ce categorie de munciori ar

trebui s execute anumite tipuri de

lucrri)

demarketing s. demarketing (proces

prin care cumprtorii sunt descurajai
s cumpere un anumit produs)
demerger s. divizare
demise s. 1. transmitere (a averii) prin
motenire 2. cesiune v.t. 1. a transmite
(averea) prin deces / motenire 2. a
cesiona
~ charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire a navei nude
demonetize v.t. 1. a demonetiza, a
devaloriza 2. a scoate din circulaie (o
moneda)

demotion ^. {man.) retrogradare (a

unui salariat din cauza rezultatelor
nesatisfctoare sau a comportamentului)
demountable adj. demontabil
- container - container demontabil
demurrage s. 1. (mar.) contrastalii;
plat a contrastaliilor; tax de amarare

96

2. (c./:) depozitare, magazinaj; tax de

depozitare
~ charge - tax de stationare; locaie
de vagoane
~ clause - clauza contrastaliilor
~ days - zile de contrastalii
~ incurred - contrastalii ocazionate
~ lien - drept de retenie pentru neplata
contrastaliilor
denationalize v.t. a privatiza
denomination s. 1. denumire 2. clas /
categorie de uniti (pentru bani,
greuti etc.)
~ of the goods - denumire a mrfii
department s. 1. minister 2.
departament; serviciu 3. secie, sector;
raion
~ store - magazin universal
departmental adj. departamental
~ charges - cheltuieli speciale / directe
~ functions - funcii pe servicii
~ organization - organizare departamental / pe servicii
~ store - magazin universal
departure s. .plecare
~ ballast - (mar.) balast la plecare
~ loading - (mar.) caric de plecare
depletion s. 1. epuizare (a resurselor
etc.) 1. (cont.) epuizare (alocarea
sistematic i raional a costului de
achiziie al resurselor naturale pentru
perioada viitoare n care utilizarea
acestor resurse contribuie la generarea
profitulu)
deposit s. depozit, depunere (n
banc), cont de depuneri v.t. 1. a
depune {la banc); a consemna 2. a da
ca acont / avans; a da ca garanie
~ account - cont de depozit
~ at call - depozit la cerere

DEM-DEP

~ at long notice - depozit pe termen

lung
~ at notice - depozit cu preaviz
~ at short notice - depozit pe termen
scurt
~ bank - banc comercial / t
depuneri
~ book - livret de depuneri
~ capital - capital vrsat
~ -cum -credit guarantee - garanit
pe baz de depozit i credit
~ currency - (SUA) bani depui (H
cont curent)
~ insurance - garantare a depunerilor
~ liabilities - pasiv sub form dc
depozite
~ money - depozite bancare, bari
depui n bnci
~ receipt - recipis de depunere (<&
titluri la o banc depozitar); chitani
de consemnare {in vam)
~ slip - (SUA) borderou de depuneri
~ taking business - activitate ck
atragere de depozite
~ warrant - recipis warant
depositary s. depozitar; consignatar
depositor s. depuntor; consignator
~'s book - livret de depuneri
depository v. depositary
depot s. 1. depou; parc; garaj 2
depozit, magazie; antrepozit 3. (SUA\
gar
depreciable adj. 1. depreciabil 2
amortizabil
~ assets - active amortizabile
depreciate v.t. 1. a deprecia, i
devaloriza 2. (cont.) a amortiza v.i. a 9
deprecia, a se devaloriza
depreciation 5'. 1. depreciere, devalo
rizare 2. (conf.) amortizare
~ account - cont de amortizare
:

DEP-DEV

- accounting - contabilitate de amortizare

- allowance - reducere fiscal pentru
amortizare

~ expenses - cheltuieli de amortizare

~ fund - fond de amortizare
~ methods - metode de amortizare
depress v.t. a reduce activitatea
depressed adj. n depresiune; n criz
~ area - zon afectat de criz (omaj,
srcie etc.)

~ market pia n depresiune (cnd

oferta este rnai mare dect cerered)

depression s. depresiune, stagnare;

criz (economica}

depute v.t. a delega, a mputemici, a

numi
deputy s. 1. delegat, reprezentant 2.
adjunct 3. deputat
~ chairman - vicepreedinte
~ manager - director adjunct
~ member - membru supleant
derate v.t. a scuti (industria) de
impozite locale
deration v.t. a vinde la liber (un articol
care se vindea pe cartel)
deregulation s. dereglementare, eliminare a reglementrilor, liberalizare (a
unui sector economic)

derelict (asig. mar.) adj. abandonat,

prsit s. derelict, nav abandonat
derivative adj. derivat
~ lease - subnchiriere; subarendare
descriptive adj. descriptiv
~ economics - economie descriptiv
design s. proiect, plan; desen, schi;
model (industriat)
~ and development phase - faz de
concepie industrial / n detaliu
~ institute - institut de proiectare
designer s. designer, proiectant

97

desk s. 1. birou, mas de scris 2. cas

(deplat) 3. pupitru / mas de comand ~
research - cercetare teoretic ~ training pregtire teoretic despatch v. dispatch
destination s. destinaie destitute adj.
srac, nevoia the ~ - sracii, nevoiaii
destitution s. srcie, nevoie; lipsuri detail
s. 1. detaliu, amnunt 2. pl. pri
componente, elemente ~ drawing - desen
tehnic de detaliu detailed adj. detaliat,
amnunit ~ account - cont detaliat ~ audit
- audit detaliat detinue s. (dr.) deinere
ilegal a unui bun
devaluate v.t. a devaloriza, a deprecia
(moneda)
devaluation s. devalorizare, depreciere
(monetar)
devalue v. devaluate
devanning s. descrcare a unei furgonete
develop v.t., v.i. a (se) dezvolta developing
adj. care se dezvolt, m dezvoltare ~
country - ar n curs de dezvoltare
- industrial model - model industrial
supus ameliorrii
development s. 1. dezvoltare 2. antier;
lucrare, construcie 3. exploatare a
zcmintelor de petrol etc. ~ area - zon
special / de dezvoltare ~ economics economia dezvoltrii
- mortgage - mprumut ipotecar
pentru mbuntiri funciare
~ study - studiu / plan de dezvoltare
~ well - sond de exploatare
deviate v.i. a devia, a se abate (din
drum)

DE'\

98

deviation s. (mar.) deviere (abaterea

navei de la drumul de navigaie normal
sau de la cursa contractata}
~ clause - clauza devierii
devise s. (dr.) testare, dispoziie
testamentar, v.t. {dr.) a testa, a lsa
prin testament (im bun imobiliar)
devisee s. (dr.) legatar, succesor,
motenitor (al bunurilor imobiliare)
devisor s. (dr.) testator
diagram s. diagram, schem; grafic;
organigram
~ of loading - grafic de ncrcare
dicker s. 1. comert mmnt; colportaj 2.
troc v.i. 1. a face comer mrunt 2. a
face troc
difference s. 1. diferen, deosebire 2.
diferend, dezacord v.t. a diferenia, a
deosebi
~ in price - diferen de pre
~ in quality - diferen de calitate
~ over or under - diferen n plus sau
n minus
~ to pay - diferen de plat
to split the ~ - a ceda i unul i altul
differential adj. diferenial; distinctiv
~ duties - taxe vamale difereniale
~ pay - salariu diferenial
~ prices - (com.) preuri difereniale
(pentru acelai produs pe piee diferite)
~ rent - chirie diferenial (mai mare
dect este normal deoarece include
plata pentru unele avantaje ifaciliti
speciale)

~ sampling - eantionare diferenial /

ponderat
~ tariff - tarif diferenial
~ threshold - prag diferenial (pragul
reaciei cumprtoruui la stimuleni)

~ voting - drept de vot difen

(referitor la aciunile care ofer St
drept de vot)
differentiation s. diferentiere
produselor)
digest s. publicaie informativ; gt
dilution s. diluare, reducere, scde
~ of equity - (bur.) diluai
capitalului propriu (mrirea numa
aciunilor existente fdr cre
corespunztoare a profitului Si
activelor societii respective)
~ of labour - diluare a fortei de rt
(angajarea de muncitori necali
pentru lucrri efectuate de obia
personal calificat)
diminish v.., v.i. a (se) diminua,!
reduce
diminution s. diminuare, reducere
direct adj. 1. direct, personal,
intermediar 2. clar, categoric v.t.
adresa, a trimite 2. a conduce, a dii
~ action - aciune direct (pr<
exercitate de muncitori a.
patronatului prin greve etc.)
~ answer - rspuns clar / categorii
~ bill of lading - conosament obi
~ charges / expenses - chel
directe
~ contact - relaie direct / person
~ contract - contract direct /
intermediar
~ cost - cost direct / variabil
~ demand - cerere direct
~ exchange - schimb direct (intre
ri, valuta uneia fiind cotat n i[
cu valuta celeilalte r)

~ exporting - export direct

~ hand - participare direct
~ labour - munc direct (fabn
unui produs sau oferirea unui ser\

MR-DIS

~ letter of credit - acreditiv direct

- mail - reclam prin pot
-- marketing - marketing direct ~ order (cow.) comand direct
- placement - plasament direct {de
titluri de valoare, fr intervenia

mtermediarilor)
~ quote - curs direct (curs de schimb
exprimat ca raport ntre moneda
naionala i una strin)

~ route - mt direct
~ sale / selling - vnzare direct / fr
intermediari; marketing direct
~ services - servicii directe (altele
dect cele comerciale, ndeplinite de
medici, avocai, funcionari etc.)

~ skip - (dr.) testare direct (testare n

favoarea unei persoane care este cu
dou sau mai multe niveluri de
generaie sub testator)

~ supply - livrare direct

~ taxation - impunere direct
~ trade - comer angro
~ trader - angrosist
~ -writing company - societate de
reasigurare
direction s. 1. dirijare, ndrumare 2.
conducere, direcie 3. pl. instruciuni;
ordine, directive
directive 5. directiv, ordin
director s. 1. director 2. membru n
consiliul de administraie
~ general - director general
~s' report - raport al consiliului de
administraie
-s' shares - aciuni statutare (numr
obligatoriu de aciuni pe care o persoan
trebuie s le dein pentru a candida ca
membru n consiliul de administraie al
societii respective)

~'s tally - jeton de prezen (al unui

membru n consiliul de administraie)
directorate s. 1. directorat, funcie de
director 2. birou al directorului 3. consiliu
de administraie directorship s. 1.
directorat, funcie de director 2. perioad a
directoratului directory s. carte de adrese;
ghid;
anuar
dirty adj. 1. murdar 2. inferior, de jos
(despre munc)
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament
murdar (cu meniunea recepionrii mrfii
n stare necorespunztoare / improprie)
~ cargo - (mar.) caric prfos (ciment,
mangal ec.); caric de produse negre (iei,
pcura)
~ cash - bani murdari (provenii din afaceri
ilegale)
~ float - (fin.) fluctuaie dirijat (a
cursurilor de schimb)
~ money / pay - plat pentru munca
dificil
-ship / tanker - petrolier de produse negre
disability s. invaliditate; incapacitate de
munc
~ pension - pensie pentru incapacitate de
munc
disabled adj. 1. invalid; incapabil / inapt de
munc 2. scos din uz; avariat (despre
aparate, instalaii etc.) ~ worker muncitor invalid / fr capacitate de munc
disablement s. invaliditate ~ pension pensie de invaliditate disadvantage s. 1.
dezavantaj; situaie nefavorabil 2. pagub,
prejudiciu v.t. 1. a dezavantaja 2. a pgubi,
a prejudicia

100

disagio s. (fin.) disagio disagree v.i. a

diferi, a nu corespunde;
a fi n dezacord, a nu nelege
disagreement s. dezacord, diferend
disallow v.t. a respinge, a refuza
disallowance s. respingere, refuz disannul
v.t. a anula; a abroga disburse v.t. a plti; a
cheltui disbursement s. plat; cheltuial ~s
account - decont de cheltuieli ~s
insurance - asigurare a cheltuielilor
extraordinare
~ warranty clause - clauz de asigurare a
valorilor suplimentare discharge s. 1.
descrcare (a unui vas etc.) 1. destituire,
concediere 3. plat, achitare (a unei
datori};
exonerare
(de
obigaii
financiare); radiere (a unei ipoteci) 4.
ndeplinire, executare (a unei obligai) v.t.
1. (c.f., mar.) a descrca; a goli 2. a
destitui, a concedia 3. a plti, a achita (o
(de obligaii
datorie); a exonera
financiare); a radia (o ipotec) 4. a
ndeplini, a executa (o obligaie)
~ afloat - (mar.) descrcare n stare de
plutire (a navei)
~ certificate - (mar.) certificat de
descrcare / debarcare
~ of contract - ndeplinire / executare a
contractului
~ of mortgage - radiere a ipotecii ~
overside - (mar.) predare peste bord ~
tonnage rate - nonn de descrcare a navei
(fn tone)
discharger 5. 1. persoan care descarc 2.
descrctor, instalaie de descrcare
discharging adj. de descrcare ~ berth dan de descrcare ~ contractor - agent de
descrcare--primire

~ damage - avarie la descrcare ~

days - zile de descrcare (fixate
contract)
~ permit - permis de descrcare ~
pipe - tubulatur de descrcan
petroliere)
~ port - port de descrcare ~ quay chei de descrcare disclaim v.t. 'a
abandona, a renua (un drept)
disclaimer s. 1. persoan care ra la
(un drept) 2. act de renunare
disclosure s. 1. (.asig.) dezvl oferire
de informaii com (obligaia
persoanei care nche asigurare de a
oferi asigurta toate informaiile
referitoare bunurile sau interesele
propuse pi asigurare) 1. (fin.)
dezvluire, ol de date confidentiale
(de ctre o b despre conturile unui
client) discount s. 1. scont, discont;
scoi actualizare 2. rabat comercial,
redi v.t. 1. a sconta (un efect de
comer vinde cu rabat v.i. a da cu
mpc retinnd scontul ~ bank - banc
de scont ~ bond - obligaiune cu
discont ~ broker - agent de scont ~
credit - credit de scont ~ department
- serviciu de scont ~ for cash reducere pentru pla numerar
~ house - cas de scont; magazi
preuri reduse
~ market - pia de scorit ~ note not cu discont (imprum tennen scurt)
~ price - pre cu reducere / rabat ~
rate - tax de scont ~ store - magazin
cu preuri redus

DIS

~ terms - condiii de scont to take on ~ - a

sconta, a prelua spre scomare
discounted adj. 1. scontat 2. actualizat ~
cash flow - flux de numerar actualizat
(metod de evaluare a opiunilor de
investiii)
discounter
5.
scontator
discrepancy s. discrepan, eroare (ntr-o
evden contabi) discretionary adj.
discreionar ~ income - venit discreionar ~
order - (bur.) comand discreio-lar/la
apreciere (ctre broker de a cumpra, n
limita sumei la dispoziie, aciunilepe care
acesta le alege) ~ service - (bur.) serviciu
discreio-nar/la alegere
~ spending power - putere de cumprare
discreionar ~ trust - (dr.) tutel
discretionar
discriminate
v.t.
a
discrimina, a distinge, a deosebi
discriminating
adj.
discriminatoriu
(despre tarife, preuri etc.) ~ duty - tax
vamal discriminatorie / multipl (la
import nfuncie de ara de origine a
mrfurilor)
~ monopoly - monopol discrimi-natoriu,
discriminare n materie de preuri
~ restrictions - restricii discrimina-torii
discrimination s. discriminare (comercial, tarifara)
discriminatory
v.
discriminating
diseconomy s. dezeconomie, neeconomicitate
diseconomies of scale - dezeconomii la
scar

101

disembargo v.t. a ridica embargoul de

pe/la
disembark v.t. a debarca, a descrca
disencumber v.t. {dr.') a degreva (de
sarcini ipotecare)
disencumbrance s. (dr.) degrevare (de
sarcini ipotecare), scoatere de sub ipotec
disequilibrium s. dezechilibru - in the
balance of payments -dezechilibru al
balanei de pli to cure a -- - a elimina un
dezechilibru dishono(u)r s. neachitare,
neonorare (a unui cec, a unei cambii) v.t. a
nu achita, a nu onora
disincorporation s. desfiinare, dizol-vare
(a unei corporai) disinflation s. (fin.)
deflaie disinflationary adj. deflaionist ~
policy - politic defl^tionist disinherit v.t.
a
dezmoteni
disinheritance
s.
dezmotenire disintermediation ^. (fin.)
dezinterme-diere (procesul prin care
intermediarii fnanciari, de exemplu
bncile, sunt eliminai din lanul care
transfer banii de la creditoml iniial ctre
debitorul final)
disinvestment s. investiie negativ
dismiss v.t, 1. a concedia, a destitui 2. (dr.)
a clasa (un proces); a respinge (un recurs)
3. a dizolva (o adunare) dismissal s. 1.
concediere, destituire 2. (dr.) clasare (a
unui proces); respingere (a unui recurs) 3.
dizolvare (a unei adunr)
~ compensation / pay / wage indemnizaie / salariu de concediere
dismortgage v.t. a elibera de o ipotec
dispatch s. 1. expediere, trimitere (de
mesaje, colete etc.) 2. depe, mesaj,

102

document oficial (trimis prin curier);

dispoziie (pficial) 3. ntreprindere de
transporturi rapide 4. (mar.) dispatch,
timp economisit v.t. a expedia, a trimite
(urgent)
~ boat - (mar.) avizo
~ box - valiz diplomatic
~ clerk - funcionar expeditor
~ days - (mar.) zile economisite (m
operarea navei)
~ department - serviciu de expediii
~ discharging only - timp economisit
numai n portul de descrcare
~ fees - cheltuieli de expediie a
mrfurilor
~ free - (mar.) fr dispatch / timp
economisit
~ loading only - timp economisit
numai n portul de ncrcare
~ money - (mar.) indemnizaie de
celeritate
~ note - buletin de expediie
dispatcher s. 1. expeditor 2. dispecer
displace v.t. 1. a deplasa, a strmuta, a
transfera 2. a concedia, a destitui 3.
{mar.) a avea un deplasament de
displacement s. 1. deplasare, strmutare, transferare 2. concediere,
destituire 3. (mar.) deplasament
~ mark - marc de pescaj / ncrcare
~ ton - ton de deplasament
~ volume - deplasament volumetric
~ weight - deplasament brut total
display s. expunere, prezentare;
expoziie v.t. a expune, a prezenta
disposable adj. disponibil s.pl. produse
de unic folosin
~ funds - disponibiliti, fonduri
disponibile
~ goods - produse de unic folosin

~ income - venit disponibil (d

achitarea impozitelor) disposal s. 1.
aezare, dispunen dispoziie; drept de
decizie 3. traa cedare; vnzare 4.
nlturare, evaci eliminare
disposition s. 1. dispoziie, ordin; d de
decizie 2. reglementare, rezolva (dr.)
legat, dispoziie testamentar
dispossess v.t. a deposeda, a exprop
dispossession s. expropriere ~ for
public purposes - expropi pentm
utilitate public dispute s. litigiu;
conflict v.t. a conl ~ at law - ligitiu
disqualification s. 1. descalifu
pierdere de drepturi / caliti
incapacitate, lips de calificare
disqualify v.t. a descalifica, a lipa
calitatea / dreptul de disseise v.t. (dr.)
a deposeda ilegal disseisee s. (dr.)
persoan depose ilegal
disseisin s. (dr.) deposedare ilegal
proprietate
disseisor s. (dr.) persoan care i
posesiune ilegal
dissolution s. 1. dizolvare (a
adunr}; lichidare (a unei societ^
reziliere (a unui contract) dissolve v.t.
1. a dizolva (o adunar\ lichida (o
societate) 2. a rezilia contract}
distance s. distan
~ freight - (mar.) navlu pe distan ~
learning - nvare la distan distant
adj. deprtat, de proast cal ~
substitute - nlocuitor de pra calitate
{al produsului autentic) distinctive
adj. distinctiv, specific

DIS-DTV

~ competence - (wan.) competen

distinctiv
distrain (dr.) v.t. a exercita un drept de
retenie (asupra bunurilor unui
daomic); a aplica un sechestru, a
sechestra v.i. (upon) a sechestra, a
executa
distrainee s. (dr.) debitor executat,
persoan creia i se aplic un sechestm
distrainer 5. (dr.) executor, persoan
care aplic un sechestru
distrainment s. (dr.) punere a
sechestrului; sechestru
distrainor v. distrainer
distraint v. distrainment
distress s. 1. sinistru, primejdie;
naufragiu 2. (dr.) sechestru, retenie v.t.
(dr.) a pune sechestru pe
~ call - (mar.) apel de sinistru
~ cargo - (mar.) caric n primejdie
~ freight - (mar.) navlu redus
~ goods - mrfuri n lichidare / ale unei
firme falimentare
~ sale / selling - vnzare a bunurilor
sub sechestru
~ warrant - ordin de sechestru
distribute v.t. a distribui, a mprti; a
repartiza
distributee s. persoan creia i revine
o parte {dintr-o motenire etc.)
distributer s. distribuitor
distribution s. 1. distribuire, mprtire;
repartizare 2. (com.) distribuie
~ channel - canal de distribuie
~ mix - mix de distribuie (combinarea
canalelor de distribuie)
distributive adj. de distribuire /
distribuie
~ costs - cheltuieli de distribuie
~ trades - sectorul distribuiei (de
bunuri i servicii)

1(B

distributor v. distributer
district s. district; regiune; sector
~ bank - banc regional
~ council - consiliu districtual /
regional
~ court - tribunal districtual / regional
~ manager - director regional
distringas s. (bur., dr.) decizie de
sistare (temporar) a tranzacionrii
aciunilor unei societi
disutility s. lips de utilitate; inutilitate
disvalue v.t. a deprecia, a subestima
ditto s. 1. ditto, cele sus-mentionate 2.
duplicat, lucru identic / similar adv.
idem, la fel
diversification s. diversificare (a liniei
de produse, a investiiilor n titluri de
valoare etc.)

divestiture (bur.) separare (ndeprtarea unei pri a activelor n

exploatare ale firmei prin vnzarea
ctre o alt companie, prin emisiunea
ctre acionarii existeni de aciuni ale
noii firme alctuite din activele
ndeprtate spinoff)
divestment s. restrngere (a unei
afaceri prin vnzarea sau nchiderea
unor active)

dividend s. 1. dividend 2. (dr.) sum

repartizat ntre creditori (din bunurile
unui debitor insolvabil)

~ - bearing shares - aciuni purttoare

de dividende
~ cover - acoperire a dividendelor
(indicator care arat de cte ori pot fi
pltite dividendele din profitul net al
unei societi)

~ equalization account - cont de

egalizare a dividendelor (cnd se
nregistreaz mari variaii ale
profiturilor anuale)

104

~ limitation / restraint - limitare /

restrngere a dividendelor
~ mandate - mandat pentru plata
dividendelor
~ off- (SUA) far dividende
~ on - (SUA) cu dividende
~ options - (asig.) opiuni pentru
dividende (pentru ncasarea sau
reinvestirea dividendelor oferite de o
poli de asigurare de via)

~ payout ratio - rata de plat a

dividendelor (procentul din prqfit pltit
subformu de dividende)

~ poli'cy - politic de dividende

~ - price ratio - (SUA) rata dividend - pre (depia al unei aciuni)
~ reinvestment plan - plan de
reinvestire a dividendelor (care permite
acionarilor reinvestirea automat a
dividendelor primite n aciuni ale
societii pltitoare)

~s per share - dividende pe aciune

~ stripping - lichidare a dividendelor
(preluarea controlului asupra unei
companii, exploatarea rezervelor /
dividendelor i vnzarea aciunilor,
operaii care duc adesea societatea la
falimen)

~ tax - impozit pe dividende

~ warrant - cupon de dividende
~ yield - randamentul dividendelor
(raportul dintre dividendul actual i
preul acttial al unei aciuni)
division ^. 1. sector, secie; divizie 2.
mprtire, repartizare; diviziune
~ of labour - diviziunea muncii
divisionalization s. (man.) divizare (a
unei companii n uniti distincte
pentru a acoperi mai bine diferite
sectoare alepiee)
dock A'. doc, bazin portuar v.t. a andoca

DIV4

~ basin - bazin portuar

~ company - companie de andocai
~ dues - taxe de cheiaj / andocare
~ pass - permis de ieire din doc
intrare n doc
~ receipt - recipis de primh
mrfurilor
~ rent - tax de depozitare a mrfii
n doc
~ storage - depozit portuar
~ tonnage dues - taxe de chd
andocare
~ traffc - trafic portuar
~ warrant - recipis de antrepozita
~ worker - docher
dockage s. tax de cheiaj / andocan
~ penalty - penalizare pentru d
(cand se staioneaz la dan f
tennenul stabilif)

docker s. docher
docket s. 1. etichet, fi (indu
coninutul unei partide de mrf
foaie de expediie; extras
coninutului unui document) 1. chi<
de plat a taxelor vamale 3. (dr.) ro
proceselor de judecat) v.t. 1. a etid
a nregistra pe o fi {coninutul
partide de mrfuri, al unui docun
1. (dr.) a trece pe rol (unproces)
dockyard s. antier naval
document s. document, act v.,
dovedi prin acte / documente
~ of title - titlu de proprietate
~s against acceptance - docunc
contra acceptare
-s-against - acceptance bill - cai
pe baz de documente contra accep
~s against cash - documente c<
plat n numerar
~s against payment - docun
contra plat

DOC-DOO

~s - against - payment bill - cambie

pe baz de documente contra plat
~s against presentation - documente
contra prezentare
~s in proof / support - acte
doveditoare
documentary adj. documentar
~ collections - ncasri documentare /
pe baz de documente
~ credit - credit documentar
~ draft - trat documentar /
comercial
~ evidence - acte probante
~ letter of credit - acreditiv
documentar
documentation s. 1. documentare;
documentaie 2. confirmare a unor
documente 3. (mar.) nzestrare a navei
cu documente
dodge v.t. a evita (plata impozielor), a
se sustrage (pbligaiilor fiscale)
dodger s. evazionist (fisca)
dog s. afacere sau produs far
perspectiv pe pia {care implic
reducerea investiiilor')
do-it-yourself s. deprinderea de a face
lucrrile i reparatiile casnice singur
doldrums s. pl. calm, stabilitate (pe
piaa bursier)
dole s. ajutor de omaj
dollar s. dolar
~ area - zona dolarului
~ stocks - titluri de valoare americane
sau canadiene
domestic adj. 1. domestic, casnic 2.
national; intem s.pl. mrfuri fabricate
n ar
~ bill - cambie intem (pltibil n
ara unde afost emisa}

~ capital - capital autohton

~ consumption - consum intem

105

~ credits - credite inteme

~ currency - moned naional
~ debt - datorie public / intem
~ industry - industria national;
industria casnic
~ investments - investitii private ~ market
- pia intem ~ policy - politic intem ~
port - port interior ~ rate - tarif casnic ~
science - economie domestic ~ shipment
- (mar.) transport de cabotaj
~ subsidies - subvenii naionale (msuri
prin care un guvern subvenioneaz
un produs, o ntreprindere sau un sector
economic) ~ trade - comert interior ~
voyage - (mar.) voiaj de cabotaj domicile
s. 1. domiciliu; reedin 2. adres juridic
3. loc de plat (al unui efect de comer) v.t.
1. a stabili / a instala ntr-un domiciliu 2. a
domicilia, a fixa locul plii (unui efect de
comert) v.i. a se stabili cu domiciliul ~ of
origin - domiciliu de origine domiciliate
v.t. 1. a stabili / a instala ntr-un domiciliu
2. a domicilia, a fixa locul plii (unui efect
de comer) v.i. a se stabili cu domiciliul
domiciliation s. 1. stabilire / instalare ntrun domiciliu 2. domiciliere, fixare a locului
plii (unui efect de comer) donatev.r.
adona donation s. donaie ~ duty - impozit
pe donatie donee s. {dr.) donatar donor s.
(dr.) donator door s. u ~ money - tax de
intrare

106_________________________

____________________DOO-Dl

~ - to - door service - serviciu din u n

u" (serviciu de livrare a mrfii pn
lafiecare destinatar) dormant adj. 1.
inactiv; neproductiv (despre capital) 1. (dr.)
nerevendicat (despre un bun)
~ accounts - conturi inactive ~ balance sold inactiv ~ deed - contract / document
inactiv (in care nu au fost trecute numele) ~
execution - (dr.) sentin care i-a pierdut
valabilitatea ~ law - lege neaplicat ~
partner - comanditar dot s. zestre
double adj. dublu v.t. a dubla ~ bond obligaiune dubl / condiional
~ dealing - neltorie ~ -entry
bookkeeping - contabilitate n partid dubl
~ figures - numere cu dou cifre (de la 10 la
99)
~ freight - (mar.) navlu dublu ~ insurance asigurare dubl ~ option - (bur.) optiune
dubl, stelaj (care d drept deopotriv
de cumprare i vnzare) ~ -page spread reclam pe dou pagini de ziar
~ pricing - (com.) stabilire de preuri duble
(pe etichet, cel mai mare fiind tiat)
~ shift - schimb / tur cu efectiv dublu ~
standard - (fin.) etalon dublu / paralel
~ taxation relief - degrevare de dubla
impunere (evitarea plii unui impozit
pentru acelai venit n dou r) doubtful
adj. 1. ndoielnic, nesigur 2. dubios, suspect

~ client - client dubios

~ debt - datorie nesigur
dower v.dot
down adv. 1. (n) jos 2. jos, pein,
numerar (despre bani) adj. red^
cobort; m scdere
1
~ market - pia n scdere
\
~ payment - acont; plat n numerar i
~ price clause - clauza scda
preului
\
to go ~ - a se ieftini; a se degra
(despre calitate)
downmarket s. downmarket
downstream adv. n aval
~ dumping - dumping n aval / (
fumizare
~ loans - credite n aval (pbinute de
societate-mam de la propriile filiale}
downswing v. downturn
downtime s. timp mort
downtown s. cartier comercial al un
ora, centru al oraului adv. n cartia
comercial al oraului
downtrend s. tendin de scdere
~ in living standards - tendin <
scdere a nivelului de trai
~ in prices - tendin de scdere
preurilor
downturn s. scdere (a activit
economice)

downward adj., adv. descendent

~ curve - curb descendent (intr-\
grafic)

~ tendency / trend - tendin i

scdere
dowry v.dot
dozen s. (com.) duzin
draft s. 1. desen, plan 2. proie
concept 3. trat, cambie 4. copie
unui document) 5. reducere (acorda
cumprtorului pentru pierderi o,

107

DRA-DUE

marfa vndut la greutate) 6. (mar.)

pescaj; coad de marfa v.t. a concepe,
a elabora (un plan); a redacta (un
raport)
~ articles - proiect de statut
- budget - proiect de buget ~ contract proiect de contract
- law - proiect de lege
~ marks - scar de pescaj
~ terms - condiii de plat a tratei
draftsman s. proiectant, desenator
tehnic
dram s. drahm (unitate de msur
pentru greutate)
draper s. comerciant de textile
drapery s. 1. textile 2. comert de
textile
draught s. (inar.) pescaj
draw s. 1. tragere la sori; loterie 2.
ctig v.t. 1. a emite, a trage (o
cambie); a completa (un cec) 2. a
ctiga 3. a lua / a retrage (p sum) din
(fonduri, economii) 4. (up) a redacta
(un document)
drawback s. 1. dezavantaj, inconvenient 2. rambursare (a taxelor vamale
de impo^ atunci cnd mrfurile
importate sunt reexportate sau folosite
la producerea unor bunuri Ce vor fi
exportae) 3. reducere (depre), rabat
drawee s. tras (persoan asupra creia
s-a emis o cambie)
drawer s. trgtor (persoan care a
emis o cambie)
drawing s. 1. loterie; distribuire de
ctiguri {la loterie) 2. emitere, tragere
(a unei cambi); completare (a unui
cec)

~ account - cont curent

~ authorization - autorizare de
retragere (de sume din con)

~ rights - {fin.) drepturi de tragere (ae

rilor-membre ale FMI)
~s account - cont personal (de
retragere de fonduri al proprietarului
unei afaceri)
dreading s. (mar.) clauz de opiune
pentru portul de ncrcare
~ at both ends - clauz de optiune
pentru ambele porturi (de ncrcare i
descrcare)
droop s. scdere v.i. a scdea
~ in prices - scdere a preurilor
drummer s. (SUA) comis-voiajor
dry adj. uscat
~ bulk carrier - vrachier
~ cargo - caric / ncrctur uscat()
~ cargo charter - contract de navlosire
pentru caric uscat
~ dock - doc uscat, bazin de radub
~ farming - cultivare a pmntului
fr irigaii
~ goods - mrfuri uscate (grne, textile
etc.)

~ measure - msur de capacitate

mrfuri pulverulente
~ trust - mputemicire pasiv (m care
mandatarul nu are nici o sarcin
activa)
dual adj. dublu
~ banking system - (SUA) sistem
bancar dual (cu reglementri federale
i de stat)

~ capacity - (bur.) calitate dubl (a

brokerilor de a lucra ca intennediari
sau pe cont propriu)
dud adj. far acoperire, fals
~ cheque - cec far acoperire
~ note - bilet de banc falsificat
due adj. 1. datorat, exigibil; scadent 2.
datorat, cauzat s. 1. datorie, drept

108

cuvenit 2. pl. taxe, impozite; cotizatie

prep. (to) datorit, mulumit
~ bill - (SUA) (com.) not de
confirmare / recunoatere a datoriei
~ date / day - scaden
dull adj. inactiv
~ market - pia inactiv
~ season - sezon mort
dullness s. inactivitate, stagnare (a
pieei)
duly adv. 1. corespunztor, n bun
regul; legal 2. la timp, n timp util
authorized
representative
reprezentant mputemicit legal dummy
adj. fals, fictiv ~ name - nume fals dump
v.t. 1. a descrca; a bascula 2. a face
dumping cu dumping s. 1. dumping 2.
descrcare;
basculare
~ price - pre de dumping
dun s. creditor insistent v.t. a presa
(cernd bani)
dunnage s. (mar.) material (lemnos) de
protejare i separare a ncrcturii,
fardaj
~ cargo - caric cu fardaj
duopoly s. duopol
duopsony s. duopson
duplicate adj. duplicat, dublu s.
duplicat, copie v.t. a duplica, a ntocmi
(un act) n dou exemplare
~ copies - copii duplicat
~ of exchange - duplicat al unei
cambii
~ sample - prob-martor
durable adj. durabil s. pl. mrfuri de
folosint ndelungat

DUE-Dll

~ goods - bunuri de consum < folosin

ndelungat
' duration s. durat
~ of copyright - durat a dreptului (
autor
' duress s. (rfr.)
constrngere, presia (exercitat pentru
semnarea un contract) dust s. praf
~ allowance - prim de munc condiii
de praf (la descrcan cerealelor, a
cimentului
etc.)
~
damage
contaminare cu praf mrfurilor) Dutch
adj. olandez
~ auction - licitaie olandez (licitd^ la
care se coboar preul pn , gsete un
ctimprtor) ~ bargain - afacere
olandez (m ca una din pri obine
toate avantajele) dutiable adj. supus
taxelor vamal impozabil
duty s. 1. datorie, atribuie ( serviciu) 1.
impozit, tax; tax vamali ~ -free scutit de taxe vamale ~ -free
importation - import cu scuti de taxe
vamale
~ -free shop - magazin cu mrfi scutite
de taxe vamale ~ -paid - vmuit, cu
taxele vama achitate
~ -paid entry - declaraie penl achitarea
taxelor vamale ~ -paid price - pre ce
include tax vamale
~ -unpaid - nevmuit, cu tax< vamale
neachitate

E
early adj. nti, prim; timpuriu adj.
devreme
~ closing day - zi cu program scurt
(cnd magazinele sunt nchise dup-amia.T.d)

~ vegetables - legume timpurii,

trufandale
~ warning system - (fin.) sistem de
prevenire timpurie (sistem de
dentificare a instituiilor financiare
care pot dafaliment)
earmark v.t. l.a marca (cu un semn
distinctiv) 2. a aloca (resurse, fondur)
earn v.t. a ctiga (prin munca} v.i. 1. a

ctiga bani prin munc; a face o munc

productiv
earned adj. ctigat (prin munca)
~ income -venit din salariu; venit din
activitatea curent
~ surplus - profit reinut/nedistribuit
(acionarilor cu scopul formrii de
fonduri de investiii)
earner .s'.persoan care ctig bani
(prin inunc); salariat
earnest s. acont, avans; garantie
~ money - acont, avans
earnings s.pl. 1. salariu 2. profit, ctig
~ after taxes - profit dup impozitare
~ available for commons - ctiguri
disponibile pentru aciunile comune
~ basis - baza profitului (folosit la
calcularea impozitulu)
before taxes - profit nainte impozitare
~ of management - salariu pentru
management (cuvenit proprietarului

uneifirme atunci cnd asigur el nsui

managementul acesteid)

~ per share - ctiguri pe aciune

~ - related pensions - pensii raportate
la salarii
~ statement - declaraie de venituri
~ yield - randamentul profitului
(raportul dintre profitul net distribuibil
i valoarea total a aciunilor comune
la cursul piee)
ease (bur.) v.z.(off, up) a se reduce, a

se atenua, a se micora
easement s. (dr.) servitute
easy adj. 1. uor, simplu, facil 2.
nstrit, avut 3. care nu are cutare;
ieftin (despre o marfa) 4. avantajos,
favorabil
~ market - pia calm
~ money - credit ieftin (cu dobnd
sczut)
~ payment - faciliti de plat
~ terms - contract de vnzare n rate;
faciliti de plat
econometrician s. econometrician
econometrics s. econometrie
economic adj. economic
~ adaptiveness - flexibilitate economic
~ adviser - consilier economic
~ assistance - ajutor economic
~ batch/lot quantity - cantitate
economic comandat pe lot
~ cost - cost economic (din perspectiva
economistulu)
~ crisis - criz economic

~ cycle - ciclu economic

110

~ development - dezvoltare economic

~ flow - flux economic
~ fluctuations - fluctuaii economice
~ geography - geografie economic
~ goods - bunuri economice
~ growth - cretere economic
~ history - istorie economic
~ imperialism - imperialism economic
~ indicators - indicatori economici
~ law - lege economic
~ man - omul economic, homo
oeconomicus
~ ordering quantity - cantitate
economic comandat (cantitate optim
a stocurilor care trebuie comandat)
~ planning - planificare economic
~ policy - politic economic
~ profit - profit net
~ recovery - redresare economic
~ rent - rent economic
~ sanctions - sanciuni economice
~ self - sufficiency - autarhie,
independen economic
~ space - spaiu economic
~ system - sistem economic
~ trends - tendine economice
~ union - uniune economic
~ value - valoare economic
~ warfare - rzboi economic
economical adj. 1. econom, chibzuit 2.
economic
economics s. tiine economice,
economie
economist s. economist
economize v.t. 1. a economisi 2. a
valorifica v.i. a face economii; a
reduce cheltuielile
economy s. 1. economie; economisire
2. sistem economic; structur,
organizare

ECO-d

~ class - clasa economic (cu cel ii

sczut confort n transporturile aeriS i
maritime de pasageri) economies of
scale - economii 1 scar (creterea
cantitii de bum sau servicii produse
determi scderea costului unitar)
economies of scope - economii < gam
{diversificarea gamei de bum sau
servicii oferite determin scder costului
unitar)
editor s. 1. redactor-ef (de zia
editorialist 2. editor (de carte) ~ - inchief - redactor-ef; editoria}isl editorial
adj. editorial; redacional editorial
~ board - comitet de redacie ~ office redacie ~ staff - colectiv de redacie
editorialist s. editorialist editorship s.
conducere redacional effects.l. efect,
consecin, urmare efect, vigoare (a unei
le-g) 3. sc( obiectiv 4. cuprins, coninut;
sens 5. J 'efecte; bunuri, avere v.t. a
efectua, realiza
~ s not cleared - fond necompen!
(formul pe un cec) to come into ~ - a
intra m vigoare effective adj. 1. eficace,
util 2. efect real 3. activ, valabil, n
vigoare (desf o lege) s.pl. lichiditi,
numerar ~ cover - acoperire efectiv / re,
(campanie publicitar care reia de <
puinpatru ori un mesaj publicitar) ~
date - data intrrii n vigoare ~ demand
- cerere real ~ load - ncrctur
util/net ~ money - numerar ~ output producie efectiv ~ payload - sarcin
util/efectiv

EFF-EME

~ rate of interest - rata efectiv a

dobnzii
~ value - valoare efectiv/real
~ weight - ncrctur/sarcin efectiv
to become ~ - a intra n vigoare
effectual adj. 1. eficace, util 2. valabil,
n vigoare (despre un contract)

effectualness s. 1. eficacitate, utilitate

2. valabilitate, validitate
efficiency s. 1. eficien, eficacitate;
operativitate 2. pregtire, calificare;
capacitate de munc 3. randament,
productivitate
~ bonus - prim de eficien
~ of capital - randament al capitalului
~ of utilization - randament
efficient adj. 1. eficient, eficace;
operativ 2. capabil, competent;
experimentat 3. productiv, care d
randament
~ frontier - (fin.) frontiera eficienei
{indicatorii cei mai favorabili din
punctul de vedere al riscului i al
rentabilitii)

~ portfolio - (fin.) portofoliu eficient

(de pe frontiera eficienei)
efflux s. scurgere (a capitalului)

elastic adj. elastic, flexibil

~ demand - cerere elastic
elasticity s. elasticitate, flexibilitate (a
cererii etc.)

elect v.t. 1. a alege, a vota 2. a numi

{ntr-o funcie) adj. ales, votat;
desemnat electronic adj.
electronic
banking - activitate bancar
electronic
data
interchange
transfer
electronic de date
~ funds transfer - transfer electronic de
fonduri

111

~ mail - pot electronic

~ point of sale - punct electronic de
vnzare
eleemosynary adj. filantropic, caritabil, de binefacere
eligible adj. 1. eligibil 2. acceptabil,
admisibil
~ liabilities - pasive accepiabile
(utilizate pentru a calcula Uchiditile
uneibnc)
~ paper - efect de comer acceptabil
(pentru reescontare la banca centra)
embale v.t. a ambala, a mpacheta
embargo s. embargo v.t. a institui un
embargo asupra/pe
to lay an ~ on/upon - a institui/a pune
un embargo pe
embark v.t.,v.i. a (se) mbarca
embarkation s. mbarcare (pe o nav)
~ notive - aviz de mbarcare
~ order - ordin de mbarcare
embarrassed adj. m jen financiar; cu
datorii
estate
proprietate
ipotecat
embarrassment s. jen financiar,
dificulti financiare embassy s. ambasad
embezzle v.t. a delapida, a detuma
(fondur)
embezzlement s.
1.
delapidare,
detumare {de fonduri) 2. sum delapidat
embezzler s. delapidator emboss v.t.l. a
imprima (prin apsare cu sigiliul,
tampild) 2. a bate (moned) emend v.t. a
amenda, a mbunti (un text)
emendate v. emend
emergency s. eventualitate; caz
neprevzut; urgen ~ measures - msuri
de urgen

112

~ reserves - fonduri de rezerv pentm

cheltuieli neprevzute/urgente (la o banca)
~ tax - impozit extraordinar emission s.
emisiune (de bancnote) emolument s.
remuneraie, indemni-zaie
employ s. slujb, serviciu v.t. 1. a folosi, a
ntrebuina 2. a angaja, a da de lucru
employable adj. 1. care poate fi
folosit/ntrebuinat 2. capabiVapt de munc
employee s. salariat
~ benefit plan - plan de beneficii al
salariailor (participare la profit, pensii,
asigurri de santate etc.) ~ buyout cumprare a pachetului majoritar de aciuni
ale unei firme de ctre salariatii acesteia ~
counselling - activitate de consilier n
problemele salariailor ~ involvement (man.) participare a salariailor (tennen
general pentru a defini modalitile prin
care angajaii pot participa la conducerea
societii n care lucreaz'); cointeresare
finan-ciar a salariailor (in performanele
societii n care lucreaz) ~ participation
- (man.) participare a salariailor (termen
general pentru a defini modalitile prin
care angajaii pot participa la conducerea
societii n care lucreaz) ~ relations relaii cu salariaii
representation
reprezentare
sindical/a salariailor
~ s'amenities - nlesniri/comoditti pentru
salariai (transport gratuit, bonificaii etc.)

EME-EMP

~ share option - participare opional a

salariailor (metod prin care li se ofer
angajailor unei societi posibilitatea
de a cumpra aciuni ale fespectivei firme
la un pre mai sczut dect cursul piee}
~ share/stock ownership plan - plan de
vnzare de aciuni salariailor unei firme
~ shareholding - (fnan.) deinere de
aciuni de ctre salariai {recompen-sarea
salariailor cu aciun) ~ turnover fluctuaie a numrului de salariai
employer s. 1. ntreprinztor, antre-prenor
2. patron
~ s' liability policy - poli de asigurare
pentru rspunderea patronilor n caz de
accidente de munc ~ s' organization sindicat patronal employment s. 1.
folosire,
ntrebu-inare
2.
serviciu,
ocupaie; angajare ~ agency/bureau oficiul forelor de munc, agenie de
plasare ~ contract - contract de angajare ~
discrimination - discriminare a fortei de
munc
~ exchange - birou de plasare ~ protection
- protecia locurilor de munc {legislaia
refertoare
la pstrarea locurilor de
munca) ~ report - {man.) raport (social)
asupra locurilor de munc emporium s. 1.
centru comercial 2. magazin universal
empower v.t. amputemici, a autoriza
empty adj. gol; neocupat; nencrcat ~
haul - parcurs gol / far ncrctur ~
nesters - singuri n cuib (familii an cror
copii i-au luat zborul din cuib",
stabilindu-se la propria lor

EMP-ENG

cas; reprezint un segment interesant

depia)
enabling
adj.
care
permite
/
mputemicete
payment
(man.)
plat
/
indemnizaie pentru cointeresare / stimulare
(acordat conducerii unei societi)
enact v.t. 1. a legifera; a promulga, a adopta
(o lege) 1. a decreta, a hotr enactment s.
1. legiferare; promulgare, adoptare (a unei
legi) 2. decret;
ordonan 3. pl. prevederi (ale unei
legi)

encase v.t. a ambala (n lzi, cuti)

encasement s. 1. ambalare (in lzi,
cuti) 2. ambalaj
encash v.t. a ncasa (un cec)
enclose v.t. a anexa, a altura (intr-un
plic)

encumber v.t. a greva

encumbrance s. datorie; sarcin;
ipotec
encumbrancer s. creditor ipotecar
end s. 1. sfrit, terminare; expirare 2.
obiectiv, scop v.t., v.i. a (se) sfri, a
(se) termina
~ game - (man.) joc final (straegia
final adoptat pentru un produs sau o
unitate economic)
~of a risk - (asig.) terminare a unui
risc
~ - of - season sale - vnzare / soldare/
la sfrit de sezon
~ product - produs final / fin^
~ use - utilizare final (utilizarea unui
produs de ctre beneficiar)

~ -user - utilizator final, beneficiar,

consumator
endorsable adj. andosabil

113

endorse v.t. 1. a andosa (un efect de

comerf) 2. a semna pe verso 3. (over) a
transmite prin andosare
endorsee s. andosatar
endorsement s. andosare (a unui efect
de comer)
~ in blank - andosare n alb
~ in full - andosare complet
endorser s. andosant
endow v.t. 1. a nzestra, a dota 2. a lsa
ca motenire
endowment s. 1. nzestrare, dotare 2.
fdndaie, aezmnt
~ capital - capital de dotare (capital
social pus la dispoziia unei sucursale
de societatea-mam)
~ mortgage - ipotec asiguratorie
'- of life insurance policy - dobndire
a unei polie de asigurare de via (tip
de contract de asigurare)
enforce v.. 1. a aplica (o lege} 2. a
executa (o garanie)
enforceability s. (dr.) posibilitate de
aplicare (a unei leg)
enforceable adj. (dr.) executoriu
~ contract - contract executoriu
~ judgement - hotrre judectoreasc
executorie
enforcement s. 1. aplicare (a unei legi)
2. executare (a unei garani)
engineer s. 1. inginer 2. mecanic,
mainist v.t. a construi; a proiecta
engineering s. 1. inginerie tehnic;
tehnologie 2. industria constructiilor de
maini
~ department - serviciu tehnic
~ education - nvmnt tehnic
~ insurance - (asig.) asigurare pentru
sectorul tehnic
~ standards - standarde tehnice

114

~ works - uzin constmctoare de

maini
engross v.t. 1. a copia; a redacta {un
document) 2. a acapara, a monopoliza
(piaa)

enter v.t. 1. a intra n 2. a nscrie, a

nregistra 3. a depune (o declaraie
vama), a nainta (im protest etc.) 4. a
ncheia (o convenie) v.i. 1. (into) a
stabili legturi cu; a deveni parte (la o
afacere) 1. (upon) a intra n posesia
to ~ inwards - a depune declaraia
vamal de intrare
to ~ outwards - a depune declaraia
vamal de plecare
enterprise s. 1. spirit ntreprinztor,
iniiativ 2. ntreprindere, antrepriz 3.
fabric, uzin
~ management - gestiunea ntreprinderii
~ zone - zon de dezvoltare
entertainment s. distracie, amuzament; ospitalitate (pentru clieni i
parteneri, n interes de afacerz)
~ allowance - (man.) indemnizaie de
reprezentare
~ expenses - cheltuieli de reprezentare
~ shares - actiuni ale societilor din
industria distraciilor / spectacolelor
(cinema, televiziune, teatru)

entrance s. 1. intrare 2. (dr.) intrare n

posesie
~ duty - tax vamal de import
~ fee - cotizaie de nscriere {intr-o
asociaie)

~ visa - viz de intrare

entrepot s. antrepozit; d&pozit {de
tranzit)
~ port - port de transbordare
~ trade - comert de tranzit; reexport
~ warehouse - depozit de tranzit

ENG-EQU

entrepreneur s. antreprenor
entruck v.t. a ncrca ntr-un camion
entrust v.t. a ncredina; a nsrcina
entry s. 1. intrare 2. nregistrare,'
nscriere; declaratie vamal 3. articol
contabil 4. (dr.) intrare n posesie
~ inwards - declaraie vamal de
intrare / sosire
~ of goods - declarare a mrfurilor (la
vam); nregistrare, intrare
~ outwards - declaratie vamal de
plecare
~ visa - viz de intrare
~ environment s. mediu nconjurtor
environmental adj. ambiant; ecologic
~ audit - audit ecologic
~ design - design de mediu (designul
fabricilor i al cldirilor administrative)

~ liability - obligativitatea de protectie

a mediului nconjurtor
~ scanning - studiu de mediu {analiza
mediului economic pentru identificarea

oportunitilor de marketing)
environmentalist s. ecolog
envoy s. trimis (diplomatic); reprezentant
extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary - trimis extraordinar i
ministru plenipoteniar equal adj. egal v.t.
a egala, a fi egal cu ~ opportunities anse egale (pe piaa muncii)
~ pay - salariu egal
equalitarianism s. egalitarism, princi-pii
egalitare equality s. egalitate ~ of rights egalitate n drepturi ~ of sacrifice egalitatea sacrificiului (fn teoria
impozitri)

EQU-ESS

equalization s. egalizare; regularizare;

compensare
- fund - fond de regularizare / compensare
valutar
equalize v.t. a egaliza; a regulariza; a
compensa (fondul valutar) equate v.t. a
egala, a egaliza equation s. egalare,
egalizare ~ of payments - scaden
comun (a mai multor titluri de valoare.)
equilibrium s. echilibru ~ price - pre de
echilibru equip v.t. a echipa, a dota; a utila
equipment s. 1. echipament; utilaj;
instalatii 2. (c./) material rulant ~ leasing leasing de echipament equitable adj.
echitabil ~ lien - drept de retenie echitabil
~ mortgage - ipotec echitabil (ipotec
nenscris pentru garantarea unui credit)
~ tax - impozit echitabil / progresiv equity
s. 1. echitate 2. (dr.) drept natural 3. capital
propriu, capitalul acionarilor (defintori
de aciuni comune) 4. pl. titluri de valoare
(care reprezint capitalul propriu) 5.
valoare a unei proprieti imobiliare (minus
suma ipotecilor) ~ capital - capital propriu
~ fund - fond mutual cu plasamente n
aciimi comune
~ -linked policy - poli de asigurare de
via condiionat de profitul aciunilor
comune (pepiaa bursier) ~ of a
company - capitalul acionarilor
(deintori de aciuni comune)
of redemptitfn - drept de
rscumprare (al unui bun ipotecat) ~ of
taxation - echitate a impozitrii ~ shares actiuni comune

115

~ to - Hxed assets ratio - raportul

capital propriu - active fixe
ergonometrics ^.ergonometrie
ergonomics s. ergonomie
erosion s. 1. eroziune (a solului) 2.
eroziune (a capitalului)
errand s. comision
~ boy - curier; comisionar
error s. eroare, greeal
~s and omissions excepted - erorile i
omisiunile sunt exceptate (formul pe o
factur)
escalate v.i. a crete, a spori
escalator s. escalator, scar rulant
~ bond - obligaiune cu dobnd
variabil
~ clause - clauza salariilor variabile;
(com.)
clauza variaiei
preurilor
contractuale
escape s. degrevare v.t. a degreva ~ clause
- (dr.) clauza degrevrii (de o obligaie
contractual); (com.) clauz de salvare /
siguran (prevedere a unui acord
comercial care i permite unei ri
semnatare s suspende concesiile vamale
acordate atunci cnd nivelul importurilor
afecteaz grav producia intem); (fin.)
clauz de evadare (ntr-un conract de
subscriere, care i permite bncii de
investiii s se elibereze de rspunderea de
a cumpra i distribui aciunile companiei)
escrow s. (dr.) angajament scris (depus n
custodia unei tere persoane care
acioneaz conform une nelegeri
prealabile)
essence s. esen, fond ~ of a contract esena unui contract essential adj. esenial;
indispensabil s. pl. articole de prim /
strict necesitate ~ data - date eseniale

116

~ goods - mruri de prim necesitate

establish v.t. 1. a stabili {relai) 2. a
fonda, a nfiina (o societate) 3. a
institui (o tax) 4. a instala, a numi
(intr-o funcie)
to ~ oneself in business - a se lansa n
afaceri
establishment s. 1. stabilire 2. fondare,
nfmare (a unei societ) 3. instituie;
sediu; ntreprindere 4. schem (de
personal) 5. venit; salariu ~ charges cheltuieli generale estate s. 1. clas social;
stare / poziie social 2. avere, bunuri;
patrimoniu 3. proprietate funciar
~ agency / offce - agenie imobiliar ~
agent - agent imobiliar ~ duty / tax impozit succesoral / pe motenire
free from encumbrances proprietate
liber de sarcini / neipotecat
~ in tail - proprietate cu drept de motenire
limitat
~ manager - administrator funciar
estimate s. 1. estimare, evaluare 2. sum
sau cantitate evaluat 3. deviz 4. pl. proiect
de buget v.t. a estima, a evalua v.i. a alctui
un deviz ~ of costs - deviz estimativ ~ of
the risk - (asig.) evaluare a riscului
estimative adj. estimativ ~ cost - cost
estimativ / dup deviz estimator s.
estimator, preuitor, calculator
ethical adj. etic, moral ~ advertising publicitate etic ~ goods - produse
(medicale) etice ~ investment - investiie
etic

ES;

euro s. euro (unitate mone

european)

Eurobond s. euroobligaiune
Eurocapital s. eurocapital
Eurocard s. eurocard
Eurocheque s. eurocec
Eurocrat s. eurocrat (funcionai
organismelor europene)

Eurocurrency s. eurovalut
Eurodollar s. eurodolar
Euromarket s. europia
Euromoney v. Eurocurrency
European adj. european
~ Currency Unit - unitate mon<
european
~ option - (bur.) opiune europ
{carepoatefi exercitat de cumpca
numai la sfritul exerciiului)

Europort s. europort
Eurosterling s. eurolir (sterlin)
evade v.t. a eluda, a evita; a se susl
de la {ndeplinirea obligaiilor, {

impozitelor etc.)
evaluate v.t. a evalua, a estima
evasion s. evaziune
~ of tax - evaziune fiscal
even adj. 1. egal 2. par, cu sc
lichidat, ncheiat (despre socoteli
ntreg, rotund (despre sume de 1
v.t. (up) a balansa (un conf)
~ deal - operaie far profit
pierdere
~ money - sum rotund
to break ~ - a atinge pl
rentabilittii
\
evict (rfr.) v.t. 1. a evacua 2. a rec

legal
eviction (dr.) s. 1. evacuare 2, reu(
n posesie
,
ex prep. 1. (bur fin.) fa- 2. (<
(ynduf) din (despre mdrfw) \

EX-EXC

- all - far profit

- bond - vmuit
- bonus / capitalization / scrip - far
capitalizare
~ claim / new / rights - fr drepturi
(prefereniale la o nou emisiune de
aciuni)

~ coupon - far cupon

~ dividend - fr dividend
~ dock / quay / wharf - din doc / chei
~ factory / mill / works - din uzin
~ interest - fr dobnd
~ ship - din nav (in portul de livrare)

~ warehouse - din depozit

exact adj. exact v.t. a cere, a reclama
(plata unei taxe etc.)

exactable adj. exigibil (despre un

impozif)

exacter s. ncasator (de impozite)',

agent fiscal
exaction s. 1. cerere, pretenie (de bani
etc.) 2. pretentie nelegal (de bani)',
impunere (fiscal) nejustificat
exactor v. exacter
exceed v.t. a depi (un ermen etc.)
except prep. cu excepia, n afar de
v.t. a excepta, a exclude
exception s. 1. excepie 2. (dr.)
rezerv, excepiune
~ principle - principiul excepiei,
management prin eliminare (reinerea
aspectelor critice n derimentul celor
neeseniale de ctre manager)
exceptional adj. excepional
~ clause - clauz excepional
~ items - (cont.) articole excepionale
excess s. exces, excedent, surplus adj.
excesiv, excedentar
~ capacity - capacitate excedentar

in
- CMk flow - flux de numerar
suptnnextfar (pe care o societate l pocae
ckdtmpentru dezvoltare) ~ clause - (asig.)
clauza surplusului (prin care prana parte a
daunei este suportat de asigurat} ~
demand - cerere excedentar ~ fare (c.f.) supliment de bilet ~ freight - (mar.)
navlu excesiv ~ of assets over liabilities excedent al activului fa de pasiv ~ offer ofert excedentar ~ of free board - (mar.)
surplus de bord liber
~ price - suprapre ~ profit - supraprofit ~
profits tax - impozit pe supraprofit ~
reserves - rezerve excedentare (ale
uneibnc)
~ retention tax - impozit pe profitul
excedentar nedistribuit (impozit pe
dividendele nedistribuite primite de o
societate de investiii financiare) ~ shares aciuni excedentare (aciuni prefereniale
necumprate la emisiune de acionarii
existen} ~ ticket - (c.f.) supliment pentru
diferena de clas ~ weight - surplus de
greutate exchange s. 1. schimb 2. burs v.t.
(for) a schimba (pe, pentru) v.i. (for) a avea
valoarea de, a valora {despre ban)
~ arbitrage - arbitraj valutar ~ at parity schimb la paritate ~ broker / dealer - agent
de schimb valutar
~ clause - clauz valutar ~ contract borderou de schimb valutar

118

~ control - reglementare a schimbului

valutar
~ department - serviciu valutar
~ economy - economie de schimb
~ equalization fund - fond de
regularizare a schimbului valutar
~ fluctuations - fluctuaii ale cursului
~ for forward / future delivery operaii de schimb la termen
~ for spot delivery - operatii de
schimb n numerar
~ fund - fond .mutual de schimb (al
titlurilor de valoare deinute de
investitori pentru aciuni n fondul
respectiv)

~ jobber - intermediar de schimburi

valutare
~ law - drept de schimb; drept cambial
~ market - piaa devizelor
~ office - birou de schimb valutar
~ of ratifications - schimb de
instrumente de ratificare
~ of shares - schimb / transfer de
actiuni (intre dou sau mai multe
companii care fuzioneaz)
~ order - ordin de burs
~ parity - paritate de schimb
~ premium - (fin.) agio
~ quotations - cotaii bursiere
~ rate - rat de schimb
~ rate exposure - expunere la riscul
fluctuaiei unei valute, risc valutar
~ rate mechanism - mecanismul ratei
de schimb
~ ratio - rat de schimb (inr-o fuziune,
numrul de aciuni pe care socetatea
achizitoare trebuie s e dea pentru
fiecare aciune a firmei-int)
~ restrictions - restdcii valutare
~ risk - risc de schimb, risc valutar
~ value - valoare de schimb

EXC-EXE

exchangeability s. posibilitate de
schimb
exchangeable adj. care poate fi
schimbat; de schimb
~ value - valoare de schimb
exchanger s. agent de schimb valutar
exchequer s. trezorerie
excisable s. impozabil
~ goods - mrfuri supuse accizelor
excise s. 1. acciz 2. organ nsrcinat cu
colectarea accizelor v.t. a impune plata
accizelor
~ duty / tax - acciz
~ permit - certificat de plat a
accizelor
exciseman s. accizar, agent de
colectare a accizelor
excited adj. (bur.) agitat, foarte activ
(despre pia)
exclusive adj. exclusiv; unic
~ agent - reprezentant unic
~ economic zone - zon economic
exclusiv (in largul coastei maritime
aparinnd unei ri)
~ jurisdiction -jurisdicie exclusiv
~ right - drept exclusiv
~ sales agreement - acord exclusiv de
vnzri (intre furnizor i comerciantul
locat)

execute v.t. 1. a executa, a ndeplini

{un contract) 1. a aplica (o lege) 3. a
sanciona, a valida (un act, o lege)
execution s. 1. executare, ndeplinire (a
unui contract) 1. (dr.) sancionare,
validare 3. (dr.) sechestru executor
~ creditor - creditor n favoarea cmia
s-a dat o sentin executorie
executive s. 1. organ executiv;
conducere 2. director, administrator (al
unei frme) adj.
1. executiv 2.
administrativ

EXE-EXP

- agreement (SUA) acord prezidenial

(incheiat de preedinte cu un stat
strin, care nu necesit aprobarea
senatulu}
~ authority - putere executiv
~ body - organ executiv
~ committee - comitet executiv
~ director / manager - director
executiv
~ offcer - funcionar superior
~ order - decret-lege
executor s. 1. executant 2. executor
testamentar 3. agentjudectoresc
~ 's year - (dr.) anul executorului
(perioada de un an n care executorul
trebuie s execute testamentul)
executory adj. 1. executiv 2. (dr.)
executoriu
~ consideration - compensaie /
contraprestaie executorie
~ contract - contract executoriu
~ trust - tutel executorie
exemplary adj. exemplar
~ damages - (dr.) daune exemplare /
agravate / punitive
exempt adj. scutit; absolvit s. persoan
scutit de impozite etc. v.t. a scuti
~ from taxation - scutit de impunere
~ personnel - personal care nu
beneficiaz de vechimea n munc;
personal care nu are dreptul la ore
suplimentare
exemption s. scutire; absolvire
~ clause - clauz de exonerare (de
rspundere n cazul nclcrii
obligaiilor contractuale)
exercise s. exercitiu, exercitare v.t. a
exercita
~ price - (bur.) pre de exerciiu
{cursul la care cumprtorul unei
opiuni de cumprare sau vnzare

119

poate dobndi sau ceda activul n

cauz)
exhaust v.t. a epuiza (resurse, fonduri
etc.)

exhibit s. exponat v.t. a expune, a

prezenta
exhibition s. 1. expunere, prezentare 2.
expoziie; trg de mostre
~ room - sal de expoziie
~ stand - stand expoziional
exhibitor s. expozant
existing adj. existent, actual
~ -use value - valoare n uz (yaloarea
unui teren sau a unei cldiri pe pia
dac se pstreaz aceeai destinaie i
aceleai dotri ca n momentul
vinderi)

exonerate v.t. a exonera

exoneration s. exonerare
~ clause - clauz de exonerare
expand v.t., v.i. a (se) extinde, a (se)
dezvolta
expansion s. expansiune, dezvoltare
expatriate s. expatriat (persoan
trimis de firma unde este angajat s
lucreze n strintate)
expectancy s. (man.) expectativ,
ateptare {nivel al efortului pe care un
salariat consider c trebuie s-l
depun pentru a-i ndeplini sarcinile
i obiectivele de lucru)
expectation s. 1. expectativ, ateptare
2. pl. ateptri, perspective (in
economie)
~ of life - durata medie de via
expel v.t. a exclude (dintr-o organizaie)

expendv.r. acheltui
expendable adj. consumabil; nerecuperabil
expenditure s. cheltuial; cheltuieli

120

~ capital plan - plan / program de investiii

~ tax - impozit pe consum expense 5. 1.
cheltuial 2. pl. cheltuieli constante (ale
unei ntreprinderi) ~ account - decont
~ ratio - (asig., com.) rata cheltuielilor
(raportul dintre cheltuieli i volumul
vnzrilor / profitulu) expensive adj.
scump
expensiveness s. scumpete; preuri ridicate
expert adj., s. expert ~ advice / opinion aviz competent ~'s findings - concluzii ale
expertului ~'s report - raport al
specialistului, expertiz
~ workman - lucrtor specialist expertise
s. expertiz expiration s. expirare (a unui
temien) expire v.i. a expira expiry v.
expiration exploit v.t. a exploata {un
zcmnt) exploitation s. exploatare ~
engineer - inginer de exploatare
exploration s. explorare, prospeciune ~
boring / drilling - foraj de prospeciune
~ lease - perimetru de explorare ~ licence concesiune / licen de prospeciune
(pentru descoperirea zcmintelor de
hidrocarburi) ~ work - lucrri de
prospeciune explore v.t. a explora, a
prospecta export s. 1. export; exportare 2.
articol de export 3. pl. exporturi, total al
exportului v.t. a exporta ~ agent /
merchant - agent de export ~ bonus /
bounty - prim de export ~ commission
agent - comisionar de export

EXP

~ credit - credit la export

~ credit agency - agenie de garantare
a creditelor de export
~ credit insurance - asigurare a
creditelor de export
~ documents - documente de export
~ duty - tax de export
~ house - firm de export
~ incentives - stimulente / faciliti
pentru export
~ invoice - factur de expediie
~ licence - licen de export
~ list - list a mrfurilor de export
~ manager - director al departamentului de export
~ packing - ambalaj de export
~ permit - autorizaie de export
~ price - pre de export
~ quota - cot de export
~ restrictions - restricii la export
~ sales - valoare a exporturilor
~ specification - declaraie de export
~ subsidy - subvenie de export
~ -tax relief - reducere a impozitului
pe profitul obtinut la export
~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj al navelor
destinate exportului
~ trade - comert de export
exporter s. exportator
~s declarations - declaraii vamale /
ale exportatorilor
exporting adj. exportator
~ country - ar exportatoare
express adj. 1. expres, formal 2.
expres, special 3. expres, accelerat s. 1.
tren expres 2. expres, expediere rapid
(a unei scrisor) 3. (SUA) expediere

prin mesagerie adv. expres; cu expresul

v.t. 1. a exprima, a formula 2. a trimite
cu trenul expres 3. a expedia urgent (p

EXP-EXT

scrisoare) 4. (SUA) a expedia prin

mesagerie
~ agreement - acord expres
~ company - companie de mesagerie
~ delivery - livrare expres / rapid
~ goods - mrfuri de mare vitez
~ mail - pot rapid
~ parcel - colet expres
~ service - serviciu expres
~ train - tren expres
~ trust - mputemicire expres
~ warranties - garanii exprese; clauze
exprese
expressage s. (SUA) 1. serviciu de
mesagerie 2. tax de mesagerie
expressman 5. (SUA) agent al unei
companii de mesagerie
expressway s. (SUA) autostrad
expropriate v.t. a expropria
expropriation s. expropriere
~ zone - zon de expropriere
extend v.t. 1. a extinde 2. a prelungi; a
amna (un termen) 3. a acorda
(privilegi) v. i. a se extinde

extendible adj. extensibil

~ bond - obligaiune extensibil
(obligaiune pe termen scurt care i
ofer deintorului opiunea de a o
schimba cu o cantitate similar de
datorii pe termen lung, nainte de o
dat specificata)

extension 5. 1. extindere; amploare 2.

prelungire; amnare (a un^ termen)
~ of demand - extindere a cererii (ca
urmare a scderii preurilor)

extensive adj. extensiv

~ agriculture - agricultur extensiv
extent s. 1. extindere, ntindere 2.
msur, grad 3. (dr.) evaluare (a unei
averi funciare)

~ of business - volum de afaceri

121

~ of the damage - grad de avarie

external adj. extem, exterior
~ audit - audit extem (efecuat de
specialiti din afara instituie)
~ bill - (SUA) cambie extem (emis
ntr-o ar ipltibil n altd)
~ convertibility - convertibilitate
extem
~ debt - datorie extem
deficit - deflcit al balanei comerciale
~ economies - economii exteme de scar
(care vizeaz o ntreag ramur
industrial)
~ financial statement - (con.) situaie
financiar extem
~ liabilities - datorii exteme (datorii ale
unei societi ctre instituii sau persoane,
altele dect acionarii ei) ~ loan mprumut extem ~ payments - plti
exteme
surplus
balan
de
pli
excedentar
~ trade - comer exterior extinguish v.t. a
stinge, a achita (o datorie)
v.t.
a
extorca
extort
extortion s. extorcare
extra adj. 1. suplimentar, aditional, extra
2. de calitate suplimentar, extra s. 1. plat
suplimentar; pl. cheltuieli suplimentare 2.
calitate superioar 3. ediie special (a unui
ziar) adv. n plus, suplimentar
~ allowance / discount - bonificaie
suplimentar / special ~ charge supliment de pre;
supratax
~ cost - cost suplimentar / marginal ~
dividend - dividend suplimentar ~ freight
- (mar.) navlu suplimentar

"1
_122__________________________________________________EX|

~ pay - spor de salariu; plat extractive adj. extractiv

i suplimentar
~ industry - industria extractiv 1
premium
(asig.)
prim extraordinary adj. extraordinar suplimentar
~ expenses - cheltuieli extraordinare ~ price - pre special; pre suplimentar ~ general
meeting - adunarea generali ~ profit - profit suplimentar
extraordinar (a
acionarior) ~ risk - (asig.) risc special / ~ items - (cont.) articole extraordinarc
~ reserve - rezerv extraordinar (a ~ weight - greutate
suplimentar
suplimentar, unei bnc) supragreutate
extrinsic adj. extrinsec, extem ~
work - ore suplimentare
~ value - valoare extrinsec extract s. extras ~ of
account - extras de cont

ft

F
fabricate v.t. 1. a produce, a fabrica; a
prefabrica 2. a falsifica (M?I document)
face ^. fa

~ lift - cosmetizare (a unui magazin, a

ambalajului unui produs, a unei situaii
financiare)
~ value - (fin.) valoare nominal
facilitate v.t. 1. a facilita, a uura 2. a
promova, a ncuraja
facilities s. pl. facihtti, nlesniri;
privilegii, avantaje
~ for payment - faciliti de plat
facsimile s. facsimil v.t. a reproduce n
facsimil
~ signature - facsimil de semntur
~ stamp - facsimil de sigiliu
factor s. 1. agent mijlocitor,
intermediar; comisionar 2. (SUA) finn
de factoring (societate financiar care
acord mprumuturi garantate prin
creane} 3. factor
~ analysis - analiz factorial
~ analysis chart technique - tehnica
diagramelor de analiz factorial
~ comparison method - metoda
comparrii factorilor (in evaluarea unei
activiti)

~ cost - cost al factorilor de producie

~ market - piaa factorilor de
producie
~ of safety - coeficient de siguran
~ price - pre al factorilor de productie
~ s of production - factori de
producie

factorage s. 1. intermediere (a unei

afaceri, a unei tranzaci) 2. comision (de
intermediere)
factoring s. factoring {metod de fnanare
a efectelor de comer de ncasat prin care
o firm vinde creanele unei societi
definanare) factory s. fabric; uzin ~
cost - pre de cost/fabric; cheltuieli de
productie
~
expenses/overheads
cheltuieli
generale/de regie ~ farm - ferm
industrial ~ hand - muncitor industrial ~
-made
goods
mrfuri
de
fabric/industriale ~ price - pre de fabric
~ process - procedeu/metod de fabricaie
~ railway - cale ferat uzinal ~ sale vnzare din fabric ~ ship/vessel - navuzin (pentru prelucrarea petelui la bord)
facultative adj. facultativ ~ endorsement andosare facultativ ~ reinsurance reasigurare facultativ fail v.i. 1. a da
faliment 2. a fi sub ateptri, a nu
corespunde ateptrilor (despre o recolt)
failure s. 1. faliment 2. nereuit, eec 3.
lips; insuficien 4. pierdere, pagub 5.
avarie, pan ~ of electricity - pan de
curent ~ of the crops - recolte proaste ~ to
pay - neplat

124

fair s. 1. trg; blci, iarmaroc 2. expoziie

(de mostre) 3. bazar (filantropic) adj.
cinstit, corect 2. convenabil, acceptabil
(despre preuri) ~ average quality calitate medie bun (despre gru) ~ claim pretenie rezonabil ~ competition concuren loial ~ copy - exemplar
corectat; copie exact
~ dealing - comportare corect (fn afacerf);
tranzacii corecte ~ market value - valoare
real de pia
~ price - pre convenabil ~ quality calitate acceptabil ~ quantity - cantitate
suficient ~ rate of exchange - curs de
schimb favorabil
~ terms - condiii (contractuale)
acceptabile
~ - trade agreement - (SUA) acord de
fixare a preurilor de revnzare (sistem de
vnzare n care preurile la ultimul
consumaor
sunt
stabilite
de
productor)
~ wear and tear - amortizare normal (a
unui activfix) ~ yield - randament bun to
make ~ profits - a realiza beneficii
normale fairway s. canal/pas de navigaie;
enal
fake s. 1. falsificare, contrafacere 2.
neltorie,
escrocherie
adj.
fals,
contrafacut v.t. (up) 1. a falsifica, a
contraface 2. a. nela, a escroca fall s.
scdere (a preului) v.i. 1. (away) a se
diminua 2. (back) a scdea din nou (despre
preuri etc.) 3. (back on/upon) a apela la, a
cuta un sprijin

FAI-FAM

n 4. (in) a expira (despre un contract);

a ajunge la scaden (despre o datorie);
a deveni vacant (despre un post) 5. (in
with) a fi de acord cu 6. (off) a scdea
{despre ncasri etc.) 7. (through) a
eua (despre negocieri)
~ - back pay - salariu de subzisten
to ~ due - a fi scadent
to ~ under the hammer - a fi vndut
la licitaie
to buy on a ~ a cumpra ntr-un
moment de scdere (a preurilor, a
cursuu)
fallow s. teren/ogor necultivat,
prloag adj. necultivat, nelenit v.t. a
deseleni
ground/land/soil
teren/ogor
necultivat, pdoag
false adj. 1. fals 2. incorect, inexact ~
colours - (mar.) pavilion naional fals
entry
nscriere
fals
(in
documentele vamale)
~ pretences - (dr.) identitate fals,
impostur (pentru ncasarea unni cec)
falsification s. falsificare ~ of accounts (cont.) falsificare a conturilor
falsifier s. falsificator falsify
v.t. afalsifica family s. familie
~ allowance - alocaie de familie (pentru
copii)
~ business - afacere de familie ~ doctor medic de medicin general ~ frm asociaie familial ~ hotel - hotel ieftin
pentru familii ~ life cycle - ciclu de via al
familiei (divizarea pieei pe sectoare, n
funcie de cheltuielile ocazionate de
structura i evoluia n timp afamiliei)

FAM-FEE

~ planning - planificare familial

~ reunion fare - pre pentru vizitarea
familiei (preu unui bilet ntors pe o
linie aerian pentru cltorii care i
viziteaz membri ai familiei dintr-o
ar ndeprtata)

famine s. foamete
~ prices - preuri mari ale alimentelor
(datorit lipsei acestora)
fancy adj. de calitate superioar; de lux
~ goods - articole de mod; mrfuri de
lux
fare s. 1. cost al unei cltorii/curse;
bilet 2. cltor, pasager 3. mncare,
mas
farm s, ferm v.t. 1. a lucra, a cultiva
(pmntul) 1. a arenda, a lua n arend
v.i. a cultiva pmntul
~ equipment - utilaj agricol
~ hand - muncitor agricol
~ practices - agrotehnic
~ subsidies - subventii agricole
farmer s. 1. fermier 2. arenda
farming s. 1. cultivare a pmnului;
agricultur 2. arendare; arend
~ lease - contract de arendare
farmland s. teren agricol
farmstead s. ferm (cu toate
dependinele)
farmyard v. farmstead
fashion s. 1. fel, mod, chip, manier 2.
mod; stil; gen; vog; 3. croial, fason,
form v.t. a transforma, a schimba; a da
o linie nou
~ designer - creator de modele de
rochii
~ goods - mrfuri la mod (mai ales
articole de vestimentaie)
~ magazine -jumal de mod

125

~ shares - (bur.) aciuni la mod (foarte

cutate pentru o scurt perioad de timp)
~ show - parad de mod fashionable adj.
la mod; modem fast adj. rapid
~ delivery - livrare rapid ~ foods - fast
foods, alimente pentru consum
rapid
(alimente special ambalate i preparate
pentru a fl consumate imediat)
~ freight line - (c./) linie/rut de transport
de marfa de mare vitez ~ - moving
consumer goods - bunuri de consum cu
circulaie rapid fathom s. bra/stnjen
marin (unitate de msur pentru lungime)
fault s. defect; deficien ~ detection defectoscopie ~ detector
/ finder /
locator -defectoscop
faulty adj. defectuos, cu defect ~ product produs cu defect favorable adj. favorabil ~
balance - balan (comercial, de pli)
activ / excedentar feasibility s.
fezabilitate ~ study/survey - studiu de
fezabilitate ~ test - prob de fezabilitate
feasible adj. fezabil
featherbedding s. 1. aciune a sindicatelor care se opun concedierilor i solicit
patronatului meninerea unui personal
supradimensionat
2.
msuri
guvemamentale de proejare a eco-nomiei
naionale prin acordarea de subvenii sau
tarife vamale protecio-niste
fee s. 1. retribuie; onorariu 2. tax colar
3. cotizaie 4. (dr.) proprietate ereditar v.t.
a plti un onorariu

126

~ income - venit din comisioane

~ simple - proprietate funciar
absolut (cu drept de a o transmite
oricrui motenitor)

~ tail - proprietate funciar limitat (cu

drept de a o transmite unei categorii
limitate de motenitor)
feedstock s. materie prim (m industria
petrochimic)
fence s. 1. tinuitor de lucmri furate 2.
loc de pstrare a lucrurilor furate
fiat s. decret; ordin, ordonan
~ money -moned fictiv
~ standard - (fin.) etalon fictiv
fictitious adj. fictiv
~ assets - active fictive/nominale
~ name - nume fictiv
~ payee - beneficiar fictiv (al unei
pli)

~ person - persoan juridic

~ sale - vnzare fictiv
fidelity s. fidelitate; onestitate
~ insurance - asigurare (a patronulu)
mpotriva pierderilor cauzate de eventuala lips de onestitate a unui angajat;
asigurare mpotriva nerespectrii obligaiilor contractuale fiduciary adj. fiduciar
~ bond - garanie fiduciar (pentru un
administrator fiduciar) ~ circulation circulaie fiduciar ~ issue - emisiune
fduciar ~ loan - mprumut
fiduciar/negarantat ~ money/note issue moned fiduciar
~ responsibility - responsabilitate
fiduciar (a administrrii unui fond de
pensii) ~ standard - etalon fiduciar

FEE-F

feld s. 1. teren 2. domeniu <

activitate); specialitate adj. 1. de tei
2. agricol
~ agent - agent pentru vnza
-cumprare de terenuri
~ crop - cultur de cmp
~ experiments - experiment/probe
scar natural
~ hand - muncitor agricol
~ personnel/staff - personal de teren
~ research - anchet de teren
~ sales manager - director responsal
cu vnzrile pe teren
~ warehousing - (fin.) depozitl
extem / pe teren (metod de finantt
a stocurilor prin care acestea si
depozitate la sediulfirmei creditoar^

fight s. lupt
~ reaction - (man.) reacie
rezisten/lupt (cauzat de stresul
locul de munc i manifestat JM

combativitate, contraargumente etc.)

figure s. 1. cifr, numr 2. pre v.. 1
reprezenta (grafic) 2. a exprima
cifre; a pune preul la 3.(m) a incla
(costul) 4. (on) a pune la socoteala
tine seama de 5. (out) a calcula,
estima; a scdea (cifre) 6. (up) a adu
a totaliza
figureless adj. fr cifre
~ accounts - contabilizare fr ci
{bazat pe simboluri, pentru tf
conducerii)

file s. 1. arhiv 2. dosare 3. fii

cartotec v.t. a nregistra, a ch
(documente ntr-o arhiv, un fiier\
fia
filing s. nregistrare, clasare; fiare
~ cabinet - fiier, cartotec
~ clerk - funcionar / secretar pefl
clasarea documentelor

FIL-FIN

~ system - sistem de clasare/clasificare

fill v.t. 1. a umple 2. a executa (o
comand, un comision) 3. a ocupa (wn
po.s'r); a exercita (o funcie) 4. (out) a
completa (unformular, un cec etc.)
filler A". umplutur
~ cargo - caric / ncrctur de
umplutur
final adj. final
~ accounts - raport final/anual (al
consiliului de administraie)
~ application - ultima somaie
(adresatd unui datornic)
~ balance - sold net
~ consumption - consum de produse
finite
~ date - ultimul termen
~ distribution - ultima distribuire (a
profitului unei societi, sub forma
dividendelor, fcut de obicei la sfrit
de an)
~ goods - produse finite
~ invoice - factur definitiv
~ judgement - sentin definitiv /
executorie
~ money - depozite sau credite
bancare (transferabile prin cec)
~ notice - avizare final
~ port - port final de destinaie
~ sailing - (mar.) plecare definitiv
(din port)
~ stowage plan - (mar.) cargoplan
fnal, plan de ncrcare fnal
~ utility - utilitate marginal
fnance s. 1. finane, tiina fmanelor
2. pl. finane, venituri v.t. a finana v.i.
a se ocupa cu afaceri/speculaii
financiare
~ bill - cambie financiar; cambie
bancar

127

~ company/house - societate de credit

(care finaneaz achiziionarea de
bunuri cu plata n rate)
~ department - serviciu financiar
~ market - pia financiar; pia de
capital
rinancial adj. financiar
~ accounting - contabilitate financiar
~ analysis - analiz financiar
~ assets - active financiare
~ assistance - ajutor financiar
~ body - organ financiar
~ books - registre / evidene contabile
~ break - even point - prag de
rentabilitate
~ discipline - disciplin financiar
~ engineering - inginerie financiar
~ futures - contracte financiare
futures/la termen
~ incentive - cointeresare financiar
~ indicators - indicatori financiari
~ intermediation - intermediere financiar
~ investment - investiie fmanciar
~ leasing - leasing de finanare
~ liability - obligatie financiar
~ management - management financiar
~ markets - piee financiare
~ paper - (SUA) efect de comert de
complezen pe termen scurt
~ policy - politic financiar
~ position/standing - situaie financiar
~ ratio - indice financiar
~ risk - risc financiar (riscul de a nu
mai putea acoperi cheltuielile fxe
financiare - dobnzi, dividende prefereniale, fonduri de amortizare)
statement
raport
financiar
(raportul anual al consiliului de

128

FIN-FTR

administraie); {cont.) situaie financiar

~ structure - structur financiar;
stmctur de finanare
~ year - an/exerciiu financiar
financier ^. fmanciar, om de finane;
bancher; om de afaceri v.t. a finana
'

'

'

*.

*^

~ offer - ofert ferm ~ order - comand

ferm ~ prices - preuri fixe/stabile ~
seller - vnztor ferm frst s. 1. prim, nti
2. pl. mrfuri dc calitate superioar adj.
prim, nti call - (bur.) prima solicitare
(prirna

fine s. 1. amend 2. penalizare (impus

tran pentru achitarea unui pachet de
de sindicat membrilor care ncalc regulile acestuia) adj. pur, fin (despre metale) v.t. a
amenda; a penaliza ~ bank/trade bill - cambie de clasa nti
~ bullion - lingou de aur sau argint pur ~ aciuni)
rate - rata curent a dobnzii (pentru ~ class - clasa nti
creditele acordate de bnci) fmeness s. 1. ~ class/-rate - de prima calitate, de
titlu (al metalelor preioase) 1. calitate calitate superioar
~ come, first served - (mar.) primul
superioar (a unui articol)
finish s. 1. sfrit, terminare 2. fmisaj 3. sosit, primul operat (operat n ordinea
cherestea superioar v.t. 1. a sfri, a termina sosirii)
2. a finisa finished adj. finit; finisat ~ goods ~ cost - pre de fabric; cost dc
producie
inventory - stocuri de produse finite ~
~ - half year - (bur., cont.) primul
product - produs finit fire s. incendiu ~ semestru
goods - mrftu-i inflamabile ~ insurance - ~ - hand distribution - distribuie i
asigurare mpotriva incendiilor
mrfurilor fr intermediari ~ in, first out
~ loss adjuster - evaluator al pagubelor
produse de incendii (angajat al unei societi
de asigurr) ~ risk - risc de incendiu irm s.
fiYma, casa Ae come adj. \. ferm 2. fix,
stabil ~ buyer - cumprtor ferm ~
commitment - angajament ferm (al
subscriitorului fa de ntreaga emi-siune de
titluri de valoare) ~ market - pia fenn

- (conr.) primul intrat primul ieit

{metod de control a stocurilor care
presupune c mrfuril cumprate mai
demult vor fi utilizat prioritar n procesul
de producie) ~ - line management primul ealo de conducere (imediat
superic salariailor obinuii)
- -line manager - ef de echip
~ mortgage - ipotec prioritar; prin
ipotec
~ - mortgage bond - (SU
obligaiune cu ipotec prioritar
- ot exchange - primul exemplar
unei cambi) ~ open water deschidere a navig
(w zone cu nghe i sloiuri) ~ outlays chdtuidi imia^
instalare

~ piece time - timp de fabricaie a primei

piese (dinr-un lof)
- premium - (asig.) prima prim
~ quality - calitate superioar, calitatea
nti
~ refusal - drept de ofert prioritar
fiscal adj. fiscal; financiar
~ drag - obstacol/piedic fiscal,
excedent al bugetului fiscal
~ duties - taxe fiscale
- monopoly - monopol fiscal/de stat
~ neutrality - neutralitate fiscal
~ period - exercitiu financiar
~ policy - politic fiscal/bugetar
~ stamp - timbru fiscal

~ year - an fiscal/bugetar
fiscality s. fiscalitate
fish s. pete v.i. a pescui
~ breedmg/culture/farming/husbandy
- piscicultur
~ carrier - barcaz de pete
~ trawler - trauler de pescuit
~ trawling - pescuit prin traulare
fishery s. 1. pescuit, activitate de
pescuit 2. zon de pescuit 3. (dr.) drept
de pescuit
fishing s. 1. pescuit 2. zon de pescuit
~ boat - nav de pescuit
~ cutter/vessel - pescador
~ fleet - flot de pescuit
~ ground - zon de pescuit
- harbour - port pescresc
~ licence - permis/licen de pescuit
~ scow - aland de pescuit
~ season - sezon de pescuit
~ trade - pescuit industrial; comert cu
pete
fishmonger s. negustor de pete
- ' s shop - magazin de pescrie five num.
cinci

~ -course rotation - asolament de

cinci ani
~ -year plan - plan cincinal
fix v.t. 1. a fixa, a consolida 2. a fixa, a
stabili (preul, data etc.) 3. (mar.) a
afreta, a navlosi
fixed adj. 1. fixat, consolidal 2. fixat,
stabilit
~ assets - active/mijloace fixe
~ assets turnover - rotaia activelor

fixe (raportul dintre vnzri i activele

fixe care msoar utilizarea instalaiilor i a echipamentelor)
~ capital - capital fix
~ charge - sarcin/garanie fix

(dreptul creditorului fiind limitat la un

anumit activ al unei societi)
~ cost - cost fix
~ credit - credit fix
~ debenture - obligarune cu garantie
fix
- debt - (S[/A) datorie consolidat
~ deposit account - cont de depuneri

la termen
~ depreciation - amortizare fix
~ duty - tax f.x/specific
~ exchange rates - cursuri de schimb
fixe
~ expenses - cheltuieli fixe/constante
~ income - venit fix
~ income mutual fund - fond mutual
care ofer sume fixe investitorilor
- interest securities - titluri de
valoare cu dobnd fxa. ~ interval
reorder system - sistem de comenzi la
intervale fixe ~ investment - investiie fix
(n infrastructur)
~ job contract - contract (de munc)
pentru o anumit lucrare ~ laydays (mar.) stalii contractuale

FIX-FU

130

~ liabilities - datorii pe termen lung ~

order system - sistem de comenzi n
cantiti fixe
penalty bond
- contract cu
penalitate fix (in cazul cnd o obligaie
contractua nu este ndeplinit)
~ price - pre fix/maxim (stabilit de
guvern)
~ property - bunuri imobile ~ rate - curs
{de schimb) fix ~ term contract - contract
(de munc) pe termen fix
~ trust - societate de investiii financiare
ntr-un sector fix/limitat ~ weight - greutate
moart/proprie fixing s. 1. fixare, stabilire;
(fin.) fixing (al cursurilor de schimb, al
preului aurului la burs) 2. pl. accesorii ~
prices by trial and error - fixare a
preurilor prin tatonri fixture s. dispozitiv
de fixare/prindere;
accesoriu 2. (mar.) navlosire, afretare
3. contract de navlosire 4. (dr.)
dependine
flag s. (mar.) pavihon
~ clause - clauza pavilionului
~ of convenience/necessity - pavilion
avantajos
~ share - prima de pavilion
~ surtax - supratax de pavilion
flanker s. persoan sau obiect aflat n
flanc
~ brand - marc de flanc (marc nou
lansat de o companie ce comercializeaz deja o alta n aceeai categorie
de produs)
flat s. apartament adj. 1. uniform 2.
unic; invariabil 3. inactiv (despre o
piay, fr dobnd capitalizat (pe

piaa de capita) 4. categoric, ferm ad\

far dobnd
~ cost - pre de fabric; cost d
producie
~ market - pia inactiv
~ organization - organizaie orizontal
(tip de organiwre n care autoritate.
managerial nu se transmite pe scar
ierarhic)

~ price - pre unic

~ - rate tariff - tarif forfetar/uniform
~ tax - impozit uniform
~ yield - randament invariabil (rat
dobnzii unui titlu de valoare c
dobndfixa)

flatcar s. (SUA) vagon-platform

flaw s. 1. marf cu defect; rebut 2. (dr.
viciu de form
~ detector - defectoscop
flawless adj. fr defect; perfect
fleet s. 1. flot 2. parc (d
autovehicule)
~ rating - evaluare a flotei sau
parcului (n vederea asigurrii)
~ terms - reduceri contractuale de pn
pentru parcul de autovehicule (dac
acestea sunt cumprate de la o singw
firm)
flexibility s. flexibilitate, elasticitate
~ of taxation - flexibilitate
impozitrii
flexible adj. flexibil, elastic
~ budget - buget flexibil
~ manning - ncadrare flexibil c
personal
~ organization - (man.) organizai
flexibil
~ tariff - tarif (yamal) flexibil
i
~ trust - societate de investi(
financiare flexibile (in orice sector) i

FLE-FLO

~ working hours - program de munc

flexibil; norm flexibil
flight s. 1. zbor 2. exod, scurgere (de
fondur)
~ of capital - exod al capitalului
{dintr-o anumit ar n strintate,
cauzat de inflaie accentuat, instabilitate politic etc.)
~ reaction - (man.) reacie de
cedare/plecare (cauzat de stresul la
locul de munc i manifestat prin
lips de interes, solicitare de concedii
etc.)

float ^. sume flotante (cecuri aflate n

procesul de transfer de la o banc la
alta) v.t. 1. a lansa (un mprumut), a
emite (o emisiune de obligaiuni) 2. a
nfiina (o societate comercial) v.i. a
pluti, a se menine pe linia de plutire
(despre o nava)
flo(a)tation s. 1. plutire; navigare 2.
lansare (a unei emisiuni de titluri de
valoare) 3. nfiinare (a unei societi
comerciale)
~ cost - cost de lansare (a unei

~ debentare - obligaiune flotam (drepnd

credttorului extinzndu-se a toate acrivele
mprumutatulu) ~ debt - datorie
flotant/public;
datorie pe termen scurt
~ exchange rate - curs de schimb
fluctuant
~ insurance - asigurare flotant
~ money bani flotani (deinui de
bancheri i care nu pot f investii. din
cauza lipsei oportunitilor de afaceri,
decdt m depozte la banca central)
~ population - populaie flotant
~ prime - mpmmut cu dobnd
variabil (in funcie de rata primar a
bnci)

~ rate note - titlu de valoare cu curs

fluctuant
floor s. 1. 1. planeu; prag, nivel, limit
inferioar {a preurilor, a salariilor
etc.) 2. (fin.) floor {poli de asigurare
care l protejeaz pe investitor de
riscul scderii dobnzilor sub un
anumit nivel) 3. etaj 4. sala principal
(a unei burse)
emisiun)
~ member - membru al bursei
floater s. 1. muncitor ocazional 2.
~ plan - plan de amplasare (a
poli de asigurare flotant 3. pl.
suprafeelor de producie)
obligaiuni guvemamentale la purttor;
~ space - spaiu comercial (la parterul
titlu de valoare la purttor; obligaiune.
unei cldir}
municipal cu dobnd flotant floating adj. floorwalker s. ef de raion (ntr-un
flotant ~ assets/capital - capital circulant;
magazin universal)
fond de rulment
flotsam s. {mar.) ncrctur luat de
~ cargo - caric, ncrctur a unei nave
valuri (aflat n stare de plutire)
~ charge - sarcin/garanie flotant
flourish v.i. a nflori, a se dezvolta, a
(dreptul creditorului extinzndu-se la
prospera
toate activele unei societ)
flourishing adj. nfloritor, prosper
~ clause - (mar.) clauza permanent n
~ trade - comert nfloritor
stare de plutire"
flow ^. 1. flux 2. proces tehnologic
~ currency - moned fluctuant

132

chart/diagram - diagram a circulaiei

fondurilor sau mrfurilor;
diagram a procesului tehnologic ~ of
funds - (cont., fin.) flux de numerar
(valoarea net real de numerar,
deosebit de profitul contabil, care intr
sau iese din firm ntr-o perioad
determinat') ~ production - producie n
flux/pe band
fluctuate v.i. a fluctua, a varia fluctuation
s. fluctuatie, variaie ~ s in the rate of
exchange - fluctuatii ale cursului de
schimb ~ s of sales - fluctuaii ale
vnzrilor ~ s of the market - fluctuaii ale
pieei to undergo ~ s - a suferi fluctuaii
fluid adj. lichid ~ dram - drahm lichid ~
ounce - uncie lichid flurry s. agitaie,
micare ~ on the stock exchange - agitaie
la burs
fly v.i. 1. a zbura 2. a fugi ~ -by-night insolvabil; debitor care fuge de creditori
(pentru a se eschiva de la plata datoriilor)
~ cruise - circuit turistic combinat
zbor/croazier pe mare ~ - drive - circuit
turistic combinat transport aerian/rutier ~
pitch - stand ambulant fob v.. (off) a
nela, a pch (prin vnzarea de marf
de calitate inferioara)
fodder s. nutre, furaj v.. a hrni cu nutre
~ grain - cereale furajere ~ plant plant furajer ~ rotation - asolament
furajer

FLO-FOB

t'oist v.t. (on) a face s cumpere (cev*

nefolositor sau mrfuri de calitaU
inferioar)

fold v.i. (up) a da faliment

folio s. 1. foaie numerotat numai p<
fa 2. foaie (dintr-un registru dt
contabilitate) 3. (dr.) pagin dactilogra
fiat (a unui document cu 72,90 sai

100 de cuvinte) v.t. a numerot

(paginile unui registrii)
follower s. companie secundar (can
nu este lider ntr-un anumit domeniu)
strategy
(man.)
strategii
unnritorului (care o copiaz pe cea <
companiilor-lider)
food s. hran; alimente, produa alimentare
~ allowance - alocaie de hran ~ card cartel de alimente
' ~ colours colorani alimentari ~ industry - industria
alimentar ~ products - produse
alimentare foodstuff s. aliment, produs
alimentar foolscap s. foolscap (format de
hrie) foot s. picior (unitate de msur
pentn lungime) v.t. (up) a aduna, a fao
totalul; a totaliza, a nsuma footage s. 1.
lungime exprimat i picioare 2. adncime
forat (exprimah n picioare)
footing s. total (a/ unei adunri, al unt
coloane de cifre) for prep. pentru ~
account of - n contul ~ and on behalf of
- din ordinul i i contul
~ and against - pro i contra ~ free gratuit
~ money - (bur.) pentru numerar ~ one's
own account - pe cont propru

FOR

~ the account - (bur.) pentru ziua de

lichidare
- value - cu titlul oneros
forage s. furaj, nutre
force s. 1. fort 2. {dr.) valabilitate;
vigoare v.t. 1. (down) a provoca
scderea (preurior) 2. (on, upon) a
impune condiii (economice) 3. (up) a
provoca creterea (preurilor)
~ account - lucm n regie
to come into ~ - a intra n vigoare
forced adj. fortat; silit
~ currency - moned cu curs fortat
~ sale - executare silit
~ savings - economii fortate
~ selling - (bur.) vnzare fortat/
nedorit (a aciunilor n scopul
obinerii de lichiditi pentru plata
unor datori)

forcible adj. forat, cu forta; ilegal

~ entry - (dr.) intrare n posesie prin
fort

forecast s. prognoz, previziune v.t. a

prognoza, a prevedea
foreclose v.t. (dr.) 1. a priva de dreptul
de achitare a unei ipoteci 2. a exclude
de la dreptul de folosin, a priva de
dreptul de folosin
foreclosure s. (dr.) privare de dreptul
de a achita o ipotec
foredate v.t. a antedata
foreign adj. strin, din strintate;
extem; exterior
~ agreement - (mar.) contract de
mbarcare pe o nav strin
~ aid - ajutor extem
~ allowance - indemnizatie de munc
n strintate
~ balance - balan de pli
~ bill - cambie extem (pltibil n
strintate)

133

~ capital - capital strin

~ credit - credit extem
~ currency -valut; devize
~ currency account - cont n devize
~ direct investment - investiie strin
direct
~ exchange valut; devize; schimb
valutar
~ exchange broker/dealer - agent de
schimb valutar
exchange
market
piaa
schimburilor valutare
~ exchange office - cas de schimb valutar
~ exchange regulations - regim al
schimbului valutar
~ exchange risk - risc valutar, risc al
fluctuaiei unei valute
~ exchange transactions - operatii de
schimb valutar
~ general average - (asig. mar.) avarie
comun n strintate
~ - going ship/vessel - nav oceanic/ de
curs lung
~ goods - mrfuri strine/de import ~
investment - investiie strin ~ loan mprumut extem ~ market - pia extem
~ money order - mandat potal
intemaional
~ order - comand extem ~ policy politic extem ~ shipping - (mar.)
transport n strintate
~ trade - comert exterior; (mar.) cabotaj
extem; navigaie de curs lung ~ (trade)
zone - port liber foreigner 5'. strin,
persoan de alt naionalitate 2. (mar.)
nav sub pavilion strin 3. articol de import

134

foreman s. 1. maistru, efde echip 2.

(dr.) prim-jurat
~ of development - maistru de
exploatare
~ of production - maistru de producie
forest s. pdure
~ economy - economie forestier
~ industry - industria forestier
~ code/laws - cod silvic, legislaie
silvic
~ management - amenajare forestier
~ officer - agent silvic
~ worker - muncitor forestier
forestall v.t. 1. a anticipa (un
eveniment) 1. a nltura (un concurenf}
3. a acapara (mrfuri n scop
speculativ)
forester s. 1. brigadier silvic, pdurar;
silvicultor 2. inspector sau administrator silvic
forestry s. 1. silvicultur 2. pduri;
regiune mpdurit
forewoman s. supraveghetoare; ef de
echip
forfeit s. 1. pierdere a unui drept (prin
nclcarea unui contract) 2. amend;
penalitate, sanciune (pentru nclcarea
unui contract) adj. pierdut (prin
nerespectarea obligaiilor contractuale) v.t. a pierde dreptul la
~ clause - clauz de penalizare
forfeiture s. 1. pierdere a unui drept
(prin nclcarea unui contracf) 1.
amend; penalitate, sanciune
~ of shares - confiscare de aciuni
(subscrise i nepltite la termenul
scadent)
forge v.t. a falsifica; a plastografia
forger s. falsificator; plastograf
forgery s. fals; plastografie

FOR

form s. 1. form 2. formular v.t. 1. a

forma, a nfiina (p societate) 2. a
forma, a pregti, a instrui (personal)
~ of application - formular de cerere
~ of proxy - formular de procur
~ of receipt - formular de chitan
~ of return - formular de declaraie de
venituri (pentru impunere)
~ of tender - formular de ofert (la
licitaie)
formal adj. formal; legal
~ contract - contract formal
~ notice - somaie; citaie
~ receipt - chitan contabil
formality s. formalitate
format s. format (al unei cr)
formation s. fonnare, nfiinare (a unei
societti etc.)

~ expenses - cheltuieli de nfiinare

fortnight s. dou sptmni; chenzin
fortnightly adj., adv. bilunar s.
publicatie bilunar
fortuity s. (asig.) accident
fortune s. avere
to make a ~ - a face avere
forward adj. 1. dinainte, din fa 2. la
termen v.t. 1. a grbi, a accelera
(dezvoltared) 2. a susine, a promova
(unplan) 3. a expedia, a trimite
~ buying - stocare, depozitare n stoc
(de marf, materii prime)
~ contract - contract la termen
~ cover - acoperire la termen
~ dealings - operaii/tranzacii la
termen
~ delivery - livrare la termen
exchange market - piaa
schimburilor valutare la termen ~ freight (mar.) navlu pltit anticipat ~ integration integrare vertical ~ market - piaa
tranzaciilor la termen

FOR-FRA

~ quotation - cotatie la termen

~ price - pre la termen
~ rate - curs de schimb la termen
~ sale - vnzare la termen
forwarder s. 1. promotor (al unei
afacer); susintor 2. expeditor (de
marfa)

forwarding s. expediere (de marf);

expediie
~ agent - agent de expediie
~ agent's notice - aviz de expediere
~ department - serviciu de expediie
~ documents - documente de expediie
~ house - firm de expediii
~ station - staie de expediie
foul adj. 1. murdar; nesntos 2. urt,
neprielnic (despre vrerne) 3. necinstit,
incorect
~ bill of health - patent de sntate
nefavorabil
~ bill of lading - conosament murdar
(cu meniunea recepionrii mrfii n

stare necorespunztoare/improprie)
~ coast - coast periculoas (pentru
navigaie)
found v.t. a fonda, a nfima
foundation s. 1. fundaie, temelie 2.
fundatie, asociaie 3. fonduri, donaii
(pentru instituii culturale)
~ member - membru fondator
~ school - coal subventionat prin
donaii
founder s. fondator
~ s' shares - aciuni ale fondatorilor
(emise special pentru acetid)
four num. patru
~ - plus cover - acoperire efectiv/
real (campanie de publicitate care
reia de cel puin patru ori un mesaj
publicitar)

fourth num. al patrulea

135

~ estate - a patra putere n stat, presa ~

market - (bur.) (SUA) a patra pia (piaa
pe care aciunile necotate sunt
tranzacionate ntre brokeri i clieni fr
respectarea procedurilor obinu-ite)
fractional adj. 1. fracionar 2. parial 3.
mic, nensemnat
~ currency/money - moned divizio-nar
~ (deposit) banking - sistem bancar
fracionar (prin care bncile menin
rezervele proprii la un procent fix din
depozitele clienilor) ~ load - sarcin
incomplet/partial ~ (share) certificate certificat partial de aciuni (pentru o parte
de aciune, cnd, n cazul fuziunii a dou
societi, aciunile sun inegale ca valoare)
fragile adj. fragil ~ goods - mrfuri fragile
franc s. franc ~ area - zona francului
franchise s. 1. (com.) franiz 2. (asig.
mar.) franiz (yaloare a pierderii sub care
societatea de asigurri nu este obligat s
acorde nici un fel de despgubire, dar
peste care trebuie s ofere despgubiri
complete) v.t. a acorda o franiz
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza franizei
franchiser s. franizor, deintor al unei
franize frank v.t. a franca fraud s. fraud
~ loss - pierdere din credite obinute
fraudulos
fraudulent adj. fraudulos ~ bankruptcy bancrut frauduloas ~ contract - (dr.)
contract dolosiv

136

~ conversion - delapidare, detumare

(defondur)

~ conveyance - (dr.) transfer fraudulos

(de ctre un debitor falit al unei pri
din proprietatea sa pentru a nela
creditori}
preference - (dr.) preferin
frauduloas (price plat efectuat de ctre
un debitor, n intervalul de trei luni la
sfritu cruia e declarat falit, ctre unul
dintre creditori n detrimentul celorlal)
~ settlement - decontare frauduloas ~
trading - activitate comercial frauduloas
(activitate desfurat n timpul derulrii
procedurilor de faliment nedeclarat la
tribunal) free adj., adv. 1. liber 2. franco ~
access - acces liber
~ agent - mputemicit general (CM mandat
general acordat de ej) ~ alongside quay franco pe chei/ soto palanco
~ alongside ship/vessel - franco de-a
lungulnavei
~ and clear/unencumbered - liber i far
sarcini
~ articles - mrfuri nevmuibile ~ border franco frontier ~ bunker - franco buncher
~ capital - capital liber/lichid ~ carrier franco cru ~ coinage - drept de a bate
moned ~ competition - concuren liber delivered / domicile - franco domiciliu
~ delivery - distribuire/livrare gratuit ~
depreciation - amortizare liber ~
discharge - liber de cheltuieli la descrcare

FRA-FRE

~ dispatch - far indemnizaie de celeritate

~ dock - franco n bazinul portuar ~ entry
- declaraie pentru mrfuri scutite de taxe
vamale
~ exchanges rates - rate de schimb libere
~ from encumbrance - neipotecat ~ from
liability - fr rspundere ~ from
particular average - fr avarie
particular
~ goods - bunuri libere (aa-numitele
daruri ale naturii", precum aerul, cldura
cosmic etc.)
~ house. - firm liber (s se aprovizioneze
de la orice fumizor dorete)
~ in and out - liber de cheltuieli la
ncrcare i descrcare; ncrcarea i
descrcarea n contul navlositorului ~ in
and out, stowed and trimmed -liber de
cheltuieli la ncrcare i descrcare,
inclusiv stivuirea i rujarea ~ in and
stowage/stowed - liber de cheltuieli la
ncrcare i stivuire ~ in excluding
trimming - liber de cheltuieli la ncrcare,
exclusiv rujarea ~ insurance - asigurare
fr prim ~ into barge - franco lep ~
into store - franco depozit ~ labour muncitori nesindicalizai ~ lighterage liber de cheltuieli de alimbare
~ list - list liber (list de mrfuri care nu
sunt supuse taxelor vamale de import)
~ loading certificate - certificat de liber
ncrcare (la petroliere) ~ market - pia
liber/deschis ~ of address commission fr comision de adres

FRE_______________________

~ of all average - far avarie de orice fel

~ of all charges - liber de orice cheltuieli
~ of all cranage - fr cheltuieli de
folosire a macaralelor portuare ~ of all
risk and expenses to the vessel - liber
de orice risc i cheltuieli n contul navei
~ of breakage clause - clauza far
rspundere pentu spargeri" ~ of capture
and seizure - fr captur i sechestrare ~
of charges - liber de cheltuieli ~ of
damages - fr rspundere pentru avarii
~ of duty - scutit de taxe vamale ~ of
foreign capture - fr captur de ctre un
stat strin
~ of general average - fr avarie comun
~ of freight brokerage - far comision de
brokeraj
~ of income tax - {bur.) fr impozit pe
venit
~ of losses - fr pierderi ~ of particular
average - fr avarie particular
~ of particular average unless caused by
- fr avarie particular, numai dac este
cauzat de
~ offer - ofert fr angajament ~ on board
- franco la bord ~ on board and stowed franco la bord i stivuit
~ on board and trimmed - franco la bord
i rujat
~ on quay - franco la chei ~ on rail franco vagon ~ on truck - franco vagon;
franco camion

out-1
overi

bord
~ port -porto-franco
~ stem - fr atq
ncrcare sau descrcare
~ trade policy - politica
schimb
~ trade zone - zon liber de comert
~ warehouse - depozit liber
~ zone - zon liber (fr taxe
vamale); porto-franco
freeboard s. (mar.) bord liber
~ certificate - certificat de bord liber
~ coefficient - coeficient al nlimii de
bord liber
~ deck - punte de bord liber
~ depth - nlime de bord liber
~ draft/draught - pescaj de bord liber
~ length - lungime de bord liber
~ marks - marc de bord liber
~ ship/vessel - nav cu bord liber
excesiv
~ zones - zone de bord liber (m care
navele de comer trebuie s navigheze
cu un anumit pescaj)

freedom s. 1. libertate 2. drept;

privilegiu
~ from tax - scutire de impozite
~ of action - libertate de aciune
~ of contract - libertate contractual
freehold s. proprietate fanciar
absolut
freeholder s. proprietar absolut
freely adv. liber
~ convertible currency - valut liber
convertibil
~ floating exchange rates - cursuri de
schimb cu flotatie liber
freelance s. liber-profesionist

138

freeze v.t. 1 a nghea, a congela 2. a

nghea (preuri, salari}; a bloca
(conturi, credite) s. 1. ngheare,
congelare 2. blocare
freezer s. \. instalaie/camer frigorific, frigorifer 2. frigider
~ storage - depozitare n compartimente frigorifice
freezing adj. de congelare/refrigerare
~ capacity - capacitate de congelare
~ mixture - amestec refrigerent
~ plant - instalaie de congelare
freight s. 1. (mar.) navlu 2. (mar.)
caric, ncrctur 3. (c.f.) fraht,
scrisoare de trsur 4. transport (de
mrfuri pe ap); (SUA) transport {de
mrfuri pe ap, uscat sau calea
aerulut) v.t. 1. a ncrca (o nava) 1.
(mar.) a navlosi, a afreta 3. a transporta
{mrfuri pe ap)\ (SUA) a transporta
(mrfuri pe ap, uscat sau calea
aerului)

~ account - factur de navlu

~ ad valorem - navlu ad valorem
~ advance - avans din navlu
- agent/broker - agent/broker de
navlosire
~ agreement - contract de navlosire
~ and cost - navlu i cost
~ bill - factur de navlu
boat/carrier/vessel
cargou,
cargobot
~ booking note - aviz de angajament (de
spaiu pe nava}
~ by measurement - navlu la cubaj/volum
~ car/train - (SUA) tren de marf, marfar
~ clause - clauza navlului ~
collect/forward - navlu cu ramburs

FRE

~ conference - cartel maritim (de

stabilire a navlurilor)
~ consolidation - completare de marfa
~ container - container de marf.
cargocontainer
~ contract - contract de navlosire
~ contractor - navlositor principal
~ document - conosament; fraht.
scrisoare de trsur
~ fleet - flot de transport de marfa
~ forwarder - agent de expediie,
expeditor
~ handling - manipulare i transport
de marfa
~ hatch - gur de ncrcare (la
magazia navei)
~ home - caric de napoiere
~ house - (SUA) depozit de marf
~ index - indicator de navlu
~ in f'ull - navlu brut
~ insurance - asigurare a navlului
~ invoice - factur de navlu
~ locomotive - locomotiv pentru
trenuri de marf
~ market - piaa navlurilor
~ note - factur de navlu; specificaie a
ncrcturii
~ outwards - caric pentru strintate
~ paid - navlu pltit
~ paid pro rata - navlu pltit
proportional
~ payable at destination - navlu
pltibil la destinaie
~ pending - navlu nedeterminat
~ prepaid - navlu pltit anticipat
~ quotation - cotaie de navlu
~ rates - tarif de navlu
~ rebate - rabat la navlu
~ release - ordin de livrare; bon de
livrare
~ shed - hangar portuar de mrfuri

FRE-FRU

~ space - spaiu pentru mrfuri (pe

nav)

~ storage area - platform de mrfuri

~ terminal - chei de operare
~ ton - ton de navlu/volum
~ tonnage - tonaj navlosit; capacitate
de ncrcare de marf n tone de volum
- traffic - trafic de mrfuri; volum de
mrfuri transportate (in tone)
~ turnover - cifr de afaceri a
navlurilor
~ underwriter - asigurtor de navlu
~ unit - unitate de navlu
freightage s. 1. ncrcare (a unei nave)
2. {mar.) navlosire, afretare 3. transport
(de mrfur}

freighter s. 1. (mar.) navlositor,

armator 2. cargou, cargobot 3. (SUA)
vagon de marfa
~ -ferry - feribot de mrfuri
freightliner s. tren de marfa, marfar
French adj. franuzesc
~ leave - absen franuzeasc (jar
nvoire)

fresh adj. 1. proaspt 2. recent

~ arrival - ultima noutate (despre
mrfuri, articole de magazin)

~ money - capital proaspt (in special

mprumutur)

~ water - ap dulce
~ water draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj
n ap dulce
~ water loadline/mark - (mar.) linie
de ncrcare n ap dulce '
frictional adj. de frecare, de fhctiune
~ unemployment - omaj de scurt
durat (provocat de fluctuaii sezoniere)

friendly adj. amical, prietenesc

~ arrangement - aranjament amical
~ society - societate de binefacere

139

fringe s. margine
~ benefits - ctiguri suplimentare
(acordate angajailor pe lng salariul
obinuit)

~ market - pia marginal

front adj. din fa
~ -page advertisement - reclam pe
prima pagin (a unui ziar)
~ - running - (bur.) concureni fruntai
(concuren fdcut de brokerii care
tranzacioneaz aciunipe cont propriu
folosindu-se de unele informau pe
care le obin naintea clienilor lor)

frontier s. frontier, grani adj.

referitor la frontier, de frontier;
limitrof
~ station - gar de frontier ~ town - ora
de frontier ~ trade traffc - comert
limitrof/de frontier
.- vessel - nav de cabotaj frozen adj. 1.
ngheat, congelat 2. ngheat (despre
preuri, salarii); blocat (despre conturi,
credite) ~ assets - active blocate fruit s.
fruct v.;'. a rodi, a da rod ~ bearing fruclifer ~ farmer/grower - pomicultor ~
farming/growing - pomicultur
fittings - amenajri pentru
transportul fructelor (die speciale) ~
garden - livad ~ show - expoziie de fiucte ~ tree - pom fructifer fruitage s.
fructe, recolt de fructe fruiterer s.
vnztor de fructe, fructar frustrate v.t. a
mpiedica, a zdmici (planuri, proiecte) 2.
(dr.) a anula, a declara nul
frustration s. 1. mpiedicare, zdmi-cire
2. (dr.) nulitate

140

~ clause - {asig. mar.) clauza

zdmicirii voiajului
~ of contract - ncetare a obligatiilor
contractuale
fuel s. combustibil; carburant v.t. 1. a
alimenta cu combustibil 2. (mar.) a
bunchera
~ bill - factur de combustibil
~ charge/loading - (mar.) buncherare
consumption
consum
de
combustibil ~ oil - pcur
~ ship (tank) - petrolier, tanc petrolier ~
truck - vagon-cistem fulfil v.t. a
ndeplini, a realiza (o obligaie, un contract
etc.) full adj. plin; complet, ntreg ~
address - adres complet ~ and complete
cargo - (mar.) caric plin i complet
~ and down - (mar.) cu ncrctur
maxim, plin i la marc (despre o nav
ncrcat)
~ - bodied currency - moned din aur sau
argint
~ -cargo charter - (rnar.) navlosire total
~ -cost price - pre de cost integral (care
include costul de producie i profitul
productorului) ~ delivery - livrare
complet ~ displacement - (mar.)
deplasament brut
~ employment - folosire complet a forei
de munc ~ fare ticket - bilet ntreg ~
freight - (mar. ) navlu ntreg ~ function
wholesaler - intermediar n comerul angro
~ interest admitted - (asig.) admis
asigurarea interesului total

FRU-FUL

~ load - sarcin total/nominal

~ -load condition - (mar.) stare de
ncrcare complet (a navei)
~ -load draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj
de plin ncrcare
~ -manned - (mar.) cu echipajul
complet
~ name - nume i prenume
~ reach and burden - (mar.) ntreg
spaiul de ncrcare (inclusiv punted)
~ premium - (asig.) prim integral
~ price - pre integral
~ rates - tarif ntreg
~ -service bank - banc ce efectueaz
toat gama de operatii i servicii
~ -service broker - broker cu atribuii
complete
~ - service leasing - leasing de
echipament industrial cu plata integral
a serviciilor de ntreinere i reparaii
~ size(d) drawing - desen tehnic n
mrime natural
~ terms - (mar.) reduceri uzuale de
navlu
~ - time employee - angajat cu norm
ntreag
~ - time job/work - post/serviciu cu
norm ntreag
~ value - valoare ntreag
fully adv. integral, complet
~ diluted earnings per share ctiguri pe aciune complet diluate
(ctignl pe aciune recalculat pe baza
ipotezei conversiei titlurilor convertibile i a exercitrii tuturor drepturilor
de conversie)

~ insured - (asig.) asigurat integral

~ laden - (mar.) cu caric complet
~ managed fund - fond mutual (pe
care managerii l pot administra cum

doresc)

FUL-FUT_____________________

~ paid shares - aciuni achitate

integral; capital subscris i vrsat
~ participating and cumulative
preferred stock - aciune preferenial
cumulativ i cu participare deplin
~ underwritten - subscris integral
function s. 1. funcie; post, serviciu; pl.
atribuii de serviciu 2. carier, profesie
v.i. afunciona
functional adj. funcional
~ discount - rabat funcional/comercial
~ quality - calitate funcional
~ responsibilities - responsabiliti
funcionale (ale specialitilor dintr-o
ntreprindere)
structure (inan.)
structur
funcional
functionary ^, functionar fund s. 1. fond
2. pl. fonduri, resurse financiare; capital (de
lucru) v.t. 1. a consolida (o datorie) 2. a
finana; a subveniona
~ fund - fond mutual {care face investiii n
altefondur) ~ manager - manager al unui
fond mutual
~ s -flow analysis - (cont., fin.) analiza
fluxului de numerar
~ s matching - (fi.n.) aliniere a fondurilor
(inetod de finanare a creditelor prin
depozite cu scaden comun)
fundamental adj. fundamental ~ terms termeni (contractuali) fundamentali
funding s. (fn.) consolidare a datoriilor
(proces de nlocuire a datoriilor pe tennen
scurt cu titluri de valoare pe ermen lung)
funk s. team, spaim

money capital transferat in

strintate <din motive de instabilitae
politico-econowS^
furlong s. furlong (unitatea de msur
pentru lungime)
furnish v.t. 1. a furmza. aproviziona 2. a
prevedea, a nzestra cu (fonduri) 3. a oferi,
a prezenta (explicani. referinte, probe etc.)
4. a amenaja, a mobila furnisher s.
fumizor (mai ales de mobi)
furniture s. mobilier, mobil ~ removers societate de transport de mobil
~ van - camion pentru transport de mobil
fuse v.i. a fuziona (despre dou societi)
fusion 5. fuzionare
~ process - proces de identificare (a
salariatului
cu
obiectivele
ntreprinderii)
future adj. viitor; ulterior, urmtor s. 1.
viitor 2. pl. futures, contracte la termen
(contracte de vnzare sau cumprare de
mrfuri ori active financiare la o dat
viitoare prestabiit) ~ delivery - livrare la
termen ~ estates - (dr.) bunuri viitoare ~ s
contract - contract futures ~ s market pia futures ~ value - valoare viitoare (a
unei sume de bani cu
dobnd
compus

G
gage s. gaj, garanie v.. a pune n gaj; a
oferi ca garanie
gain s. 1. (j7 p/.) ctig, beneficiu,
profit 2. mrire, cretere; dezvoltare v.t.
a ctiga; a obine, a dobndi v.'. a
ctiga, a se mbogti
~ and loss account - (cont.) cont de
profit i pierderi
~ in efficiency - cretere a eficienei
~ sharing - participare la ctig
to ~ ground - a ctiga teren
to ~ one's living/livelihood - a-i
ctiga existena
gainful adj. productiv, lucrativ,
rentabil; profitabil, avantajos
gainfulness s. 1. ctig, profit 2.
rentabilitate
gallon s. galon (unitate de msur
pentru capacitate)
galloping adj. galopant
~ inflation - inflaie galopant
gamble s. 1. joc de noroc 2. afacere
riscant v.t. 1. a pune n joc; a paria, a
miza 2. (away) a pierdere la jocuri de
noroc {bani, avere) v.i. ajucajocuri de
noroc
gambler s. juctor (de jocuri de
noroc); cartofor
game s. joc; partid v.t. (away) a
pierde la joc v.i. a juca (jocuri de
noroc)
~ of change - joc de noroc
~ theory - (man.) teoria jocului (teoria
potrivit creia afacerile prezint o
mare asemnare cu desfaurarea unui

joc n care mutarea unui jucta

influeneaz mutrile celorlali)
gap s. 1. gol; lips, lacun 2. decala(
dezechilibru; deficit
~ analysis - analiza breelor (idenS
fcarea oportunitilor de marketing p
o pia)

garnishee (rfr.) s. 1. tert citat n justii

2. persoan creia i se sechestreaa
bunurile (pentru plata unei datorii} v.
1. a cita n justiie (un ter) 1. a puc
sechestru/poprire
~ order - ordin de sechestru
garnishment 5. (dr.) 1. citare njustii
(a unui ter) 2. sechestru, poprire
gazette s. 1. ziar, gazet 2. moniti
oficial v.t. a publica n monitorul ofici;
gearing s. (fin.) efect de levier (rata c
ndatorare n raport cu fonduri
proprii ale unei compani)

general adj. general

~ acceptance - acceptare necondiu
nat/fr rezerve (a unei cambii)

~ agent - (com.) reprezentant general

~ audit - audit general {la sfrit\
anului financiar)
~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie comur

~ average bond - compromis de avar

comun
~ average condition - situaie (
avarie comun
~ average contribution - contribu
la avaria comun
~ average deposit - avans (
contributie la avaria comun

GEN-GET

- average depositor - deponent extem

pentru avaria comun
~ average loss - pierdere n avaria
comun
~ average sacrifice - sacrificiu de
avarie comnn
~ average statement - dispa de
avarie comun
~ balance-sheet - (cont.) bilan general
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament
colectiv

~ cargo - caric/ncrctur de mrfuri

generale
~ cargo ship/vessel - cargobot
~ cargo rates - (mar.) cote de navlu
pentru mrfuri generale
~ creditor- creditor general (fr
drepturi prefereniale)
~ crossing barare general (a unui
cec)

~ damages - daune generale

~ dealer - comerciant de mrfuri
generale
~ delivery - (SUA) post-restant
~ endorsenient - andosare general/n
alb
~ equilibrium - echilibru general (al
pieelor aflate n stare de interdependen)

~ expenses - cheltuieli generale/de

regie

~ goods - mrfuri generale

~ insurance - asigurare general
(contra tuturor riscurilor)
~ letter of credit - acreditiv colectiv
~ lien - drept de retenie general
~ management trust - societate de
investiii financiare generale (in orice
sector)

~ manager - director general

143

~ meeting of shareholders - adunarea

general a acionarilor
~ overhaul - revizie/reparaie general
~ partnership -societate n nume
colectiv
~ reserve - rezerv general (pentru
acoperirea necesarului de fond de
rulment)

~ store - magazin universal

~ strike - grev general
~ terms - condiii (contracuale)
generale

~ union - sindicat de ramur

genuine adj. autentic, original,
veritabil; pur, curat, nefalsificat
~ and valid - autentic i valabil
(despre cecur)

~ article - articol garantat

genuineness s. autenticitate (a unei
mrci defabric etc.)
geographical adj. geografic
~ filing - clasare/fiare dup criteriul
geografic (clasarea documentelor n
funcie de zonele geografice pe care le
vizeaz)

geographically adv. geografic

~ consolidated markets - piee
consolidate geografic (tranzaciile
bursiere mondiale)

~ fragmented markets - piee

fragmentate geografic [tranzaciile
bursiere realizate pe diferite piee
geografice sunt combinate pe o pia
centralizat prin computer)
get v.t. 1. a obine 2. a primi 3. a
procura, a face rost de 4. (back) a
redobndi, a reintra n posesia 5. (in) a
strnge, a colecta; a sotca, a face
provizii; a aduna (recolta)
to ~ dearer - a se scumpi
to ~ rish - a se mbogi

144

gift s. 1. dar, cadou 2. (dr.) donaie v.t.

a drui, a face cadou
~ certifcate/coupon/token/voucher talon valoric gratuit (oferit de un
magazin i cu care se pot achiziiona
unele articole)
~ shop - magazin de cadouri/articole la
mod
~ tax - impozit pe donaie
gift-wrap v.t. a ambala special
(cadouri)
giftwrapping s. 1. ambalaj special
pentru cadouri 2. serviciu de ambalare
a cadourilor (oferit de unele magazine)
gill s. gill (unitate de msur pentru
capacitate)
gilt-edged adj. de clasa nti
~ securities - titluri de valoare de clasa
A. .^.

intai gilts s. pl. titluri de valoare de clasa

A .^.

intai
giro s. giro (sefviciu potal de transfer
monetar)
give v.t. 1. a da; a oferi; a dona 2.
(away) a da gratis; a mpri (premii) 3.
(back) a restitui 4. (on) (bur.) a reporta
5. (up) a demisiona din; a se retrage
(din afaceri, activitate)

~ -and-take - concesii reciproce,

compromis
~ -away - produs oferit gratuit de
frma productoare (in scop promoional)

~ -away show - emisiune-concurs cu

premii (7a televiziune)
to ~ bail - a depune garanie
to ~ damages - a acorda daune
to ~ effect to a law - a pune o lege n
vigoare
to ~ judgement - a da o sentin
to ~ notice of - a aviza de

GET-GOI

to ~ security - a da garanie
to ~ way - a scdea (despre preuri)
giver s. 1. donator 2. (bur.) cumprtor
a unei opiuni 3. (bur.) cumprtor care
amn plata aciunilor {'ns ofer
dobnda)

global adj. global

~ brand - (com.) marc global
globalisation s. globalizare
glut s. excedent (de marf pe pia)',
supraproducie v.t. a inunda (piaa cu o
marfa)
go v.i. 1. a merge 2. (between) a
mijloci ntre 3. (down) a scdea
(despre preuri) 4. (for) a avea
valoarea de, a se vinde cu 5. (ofl,
through) a se vinde bine, a avea
cutare 6. (out) a demisiona 7. (up) a
crete (despre preuri)
~ - ahead - dinamic, activ, ntreprinztor
~ -between - intermediar, mijlocitor
~ -go fund - fond mutual cu investiii
speculative pe termen scurt
~ -slow - ncetinire a ritmului de lucru
(form de protest a muncitorilor frd
declanarea efectiv a grevei)

to ~ a bear - (bur.) a specula la

baisse

to ~ a bull - (bur.) a specula la

hausse
to ~ bankrupt - a da faliment
to ~ one better - a oferi mai mult
goal s. scop; obiectiv
definition
(man.)
definirea
obiectivelor
going adj. 1. n aciune/funciune; n
activitate 2. curent; actual ~ concern afacere rentabil ~ , going, gone - o dat,
de dou ori, adjudecat (la licitaie)

GOI-GOO

~ prices - preuri curente

~ private - going private (transformarea unei companii publice/deschise
intr-una particular/nchis)
~ public - going public (transformarea unei companii particulare/nchise
ntr-una public/deschis)
gold s. aur adj. referitor la aur; din/de
aur; aurifer
~ and foreign exchange reserves rezerve valutare i de aur
- bar/ingot - lingou de aur
~ bond - obligaiune cu rscumprare
n aur
~ bullion standard - etalon aur-lingouri
~ certificate - (SUA) titlu cu acopenre
n aur
~ cover - (fin.) acoperire n aur
~ exchange standard - etalon aur-devize
~ field - teren/regiune aurifer(a)
~ mine - min de aur
~ parity - paritate aur/metalic
~ points - (jfin.) puncte de aur (limitele
ntre care oscileaz rata de schimb a
dou valute cu etalon aur, n condiiile
circulaiei libere a aurului ntre ri)
~ reserve - rezerv de aur
~ shares - aciuni la o min de aur
~ standard - (fin.) etalon aur
~ tranche - trana/cota n aur (cot de
participare, depus n aur, de ctre un
stat-membru al FMI)
golden adj. de aur
~ handcuffs - (man.) ctue de aur
(avantaje financiare acordate de o
frm angajailor importani pentru a
evita ca acetia s fie ari de
concuren)

~ handshake - (man.) strngere de mn

de aur (plat generoas oferit de o firrn
angajailor
importani
pentru
a-i
determina s plece fr zarv)
~ parachute - (man.) paraut de aur (un
tip de contract de munc, redactat de unii
manageri pentru ei nii, care prevede
importante compensaii mate-riale n caz
c arfi demi) ~ share - aciune de aur
(aciune care i confer deintorului drept
de control asupra societii respective)
good adj. 1. bun; de bun calitate 2. valabil
3. solvabil s. pl. marf, mrfuri;
articole, produse
- debts - datorii sigure (care vor fi
sigur achitate}
~ delivery - livrare bun (de titluri de
valoare ale cror caracteristici
corespund exigenelor bursiere sau
contractuale)
~ receipt - chitan valabil
~ s in progress - (cont.) (Sl/A)
produse n lucru/curs de fabricaie
~ s on approval - mrfuri de prob
~ s on commission - mrfuri n
comision
~ s on consignment - mrfuri n
consignaie
~ s on hand - mrfuri nevndute
~ s rates .- tarif pentru transportul de
marf
~- s station - gar/staie de mrfuri
~ s traffic - trafc de mrfuri
~ s train - tren de marf, marfar
goodwill s. fond comercial (active
intangibile ale unei firme, calculate ca
diferena dintre preul pltit pentru
compania n funciune i valoarea
activelor)

146

~ payment - (man.) plat/indemnizaie

pentru stimulare (acordat conducerii
unei societi)

govern v.t. 1. a guvema 2. a conduce, a

administra (o ntreprindere)
government s. 1. guvem 2. form de
guvemmnt, regim 3. pl. (SUA) titluri
de valoare guvernamentale
~ agency - agenie guvemamental
~ agent - funcionar de stat
- bill - bon de tezaur
~ bond - obligaiune de stat
~ expenditure - cheltuieli bugetare
~ interference - intervenie a statului
(in economie)
~ investment - investiie public/de
stat

~ loan - mprumut de stat

~ monopoly - monopol de stat
~ revenue - venit public/naional
~ securities - titluri de stat
~ security - garanie guvemamental
~ subsidy - subvenie de stat
surplus - material/echipament
nefolosit vndut de guvem/stat governor s.
guvemator {al unei bnci) ~ general guvemator general grace 5'. amnare,
psuire; termen de graie (pentru plata unei
datorii scadente)
grade s. 1. rang, treapt, demnitate 2. clas,
categorie; fel, soi 3. ras de vite ameliorat
(prin ncruciare) v.t, 1. a clasa; a sorta 2. a
ameliora (o ras de vite prin ncruciare) ~
certificate - certificat de calitate grading s.
1. clasificare (a produselor dup calitae)
2. clasificare/ierarhizare a posturilor (m
funcie de competena cerut i salarizarea
corespunztoare)

GOO-GRJ

graduate
s.
liceniat,
absolvenl
diplomat (al unui institut de nvmn
superior) adj. 1. diplomat, titrat 2
calificat, cu calificare superioar v.(. ;
grada, a proportiona (impozite) v.i. i
obme un titlu universitar, a absolvi ui
institut superior
~ nurse - infirmier calificat
~ recruitment - (man.) recrutare di
absolveni (politic de recrutare i
forei de munca)
- school - sectie postuniversitar
(pentru doctorat)
graduated adj. 1. gradual; progresiv 2
titrat, cu titlu universitar
~ income tax - impozit progresiv
proporional pe venit
~ payment mortgage - ipotec a
amortizare gradual/progresiv
~ tariff - tarif diferenial
~ taxation - impunere proportional a
venitul
grain s. 1. cereale 2. grain (unitate d
msur pentru greut)
~ capacity/cubic - capacitate d
ncrcare de cereale
~ cargo certificate - certificat pentn
transportul de cereale (se elibereaa
dac nava are dotrile corespun
ztoare)

~ carrier/ship - cerealier
~ charter - (mar.) contract d
transport pentru cereale
~ exchange - burs de cereale
~ fittings - amenajri {de magazi^
pentru cereale

~ market - piaa cerealelor

~ silo - siloz
~ tanker - petrolier-cerealier (navi
combinat)

~ tonnage - tonaj pentru cereale

147

GRA-GRO

~ trade - comert cu cereale

grant s. 1. aprobare, admitere (a unei
cerer); permisiune, autorizatie 2.
alocare, acordare (a unui mprumut}',
subvenie 3. (dr.) donaie; cesiune v.t.
1. a aproba, a admite (o cerere); a
elibera (un act); a autoriza 2. a
subventiona 3. (dr.) a dona; a cesiona
~ -aided - subvenionat de stat
~ -in-aid - subvenie guvemamental
grantee s. (dr.) donatar; concesionar
granter s. (dr.) donator; concesor
grantor v. granter
gratis adj., adv. gratis, gratuit
gratuity s. gratificaie, prim
gray v. grey

great adj. mare

~ gross - (com.) 12 grosuri (1728 de
buc)
~ hundred - (com.) 120 de buci
green adj. verde
~ card - cartea verde {de asigurare
auto internaional)
~ currencies - valute verzi (n cadrul
politicii agricole comune a CEE)
~ product - produs ecologic
greenfield s. gazon, spaiu verde
~ site - zon de investiii directe (pe un
teren viran)

greengrocer s. negustor de legume i

fructe
greengrocery s. 1. comer de legume i
fructe 2. legume i fructe
greenmail s. (bur.) greenmail (pachet
mare de aciuni cumprate de o
companie concurent prin care
foreaz societatea vizat s-i
rscumpere aciunile la un curs mai
ridicat dect cel real, pentru a evita
preluarea e)

grey adj. cenuiu

~ market - (com., fin.) pia cenuie

(pia cu activitate legal, ns cu
preuri mari datorit ofertei sczute de
mrfuri; pia n cadrul creia bncile
dintr-un sindicat de garanie i
plasament i intermediarii fnanciari
cumpr titluri n bloc)
grocer ^. bcan
grocery s. bcnie
gross adj. mare, voluminos 2. brut,
global, total s. 1. gros, cantitate mare 2.
(com.) 12 duzini {144 de buci)
~ amount - sum brut; cantitate total
~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie comun
~ capacity - capacitate brut
~ cash flow - flux brut de numerar
~ cost - pre de cost brut
~ deadweight - (mar.) capacitate total
de transport
~ domestic product - produs intem
brut
~ fixed assets - active fixe brute
~ -form charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire brut
~ freight - (mar.) navlu bmt
~ freight ton - (mar.) ton-registru
~ income - venit bmt
~ interest - dobnd brut
~ investment - investiie brut
~ loss - pierdere brut
~ margin - (com.) marj brut
(diferena dintre preul de vnzare cu
amnuntul i cel cu ridicata)
~ measurement - (mar.) tonaj-registm
brut
~ misconduct - (man.) conduit
extrem de rea (a unui angajat, care, n
asemenea situaii, este demis imediaf)
~ national product - produs naional
brut
~ premium - (asig.) prim global

148

~ profit - beneficiu brut ~ receipts ncasri brute ~ register ton - (mar.) tonregistru ~ register tonnage - (mar.) tonaj-registru brut
~ return - profit brut (obinut de un
acionar din dividende i din creterea
valorii de pia a aciunilor) ~ terms (mar.) condiii de linie ~ terms discharge descrcarea n contul armatorului
~ terms loading - ncrcarea n contul
armatorului
~ ton - ton englez/lung ~ tonnage tonaj brut ~ value - valoare brut; pre brut
al mrfii
~ wage - salariu brut
~ weight - greutate brut {marf cu
ambalaj)
~ world product - produs mondial brut
~ yield - randament brut (al unei investiii)
ground s. pmnt; teren adj. referitor la
pmnt/teren; funciar ~ rent - rent
funciar ~ tax - impozit funciar groundage
s. tax portuar; tax de staionare n port
grounding s. 1. euare 2. (bur.) atingere a
pragului/cursului minim ~ clause - (asig.
mar.) clauza eurii group 5'. grup; grup
v.t. a grupa; a clasifica
~ accounts - (cont.) conturi de grup, situaii
financiare consolidate (ale unui holding)

GRO-GUI

~ headquarters - sediu central (al

unui holding)
~ insurance - asigurare colectiv
~ trading - aprovizionare n gmp (a
detailitilor')
~ training - pregtire n gmp
grow v.t. a crete, a cultiva, a produce
v.i. a crete, a se dezvolta, a se extinde
grower s. cultivator, productor;
cresctor
growth s. cretere, dezvoltare
~ fund - fond mutual de dezvoltare (cu
investiiipe termen lung)

~ industry - industrie cu perspective

de dezvoltare
~ shares/stock - aciuni cu perspective
de cretere
~ theory - teoria creterii (economice)

guarantee 5'. 1. garanie 2. garant 3.

creditor (care primete garanid) v.t. 1.
a garanta 2. a asigura (impotrivd) v.i. a

fi garant; a depune o garanie

~ fund - fond de garanie
~ insurance - asigurare a garaniei
~ letter - scrisoare de garanie
~ payments - salarii garantate (care se
pltesc i n cazul ntreruperii temporare a activitii unei ntreprinderi)

~ period termen de garanie

guarantor s. garant
guaranty s. garanie
guild s. 1. organizaie, asociaie (de
ajutor reciproc) 2. corporaie, breasl
~ socialism - socialism corporatist

H
haberdash v.i. a face comer cu mruniuri
haberdasher s. 1. negustor de mruniuri 2. (SUA) negustor de galanterie
brbteasc
haberdashery s. 1. mruniuri, articole de mercerie 2. mercerie, magazin
de mruniuri 3. (SUA) magazin de
galanterie brbteasc
haggle s. tocmeal, trguial v.i.
(about, over) a se tocmi (pentru)
haggler s. client care se tocmete mult
half s. 1. jumtate 2. (dr.) parte
contractant adj., adv. (pe) jumtate
~ -and- ~ - jumtate-jumtate; n/din
pri egale
~ -cargo condition - stare de ncrcare
la jumtate din capacitate (despre
nav)

~ commission - (bur., com.) remiz

~ -commission man - (bur., com.)
remizier
~ demurrage - (mar.) jumtate din
contrastalii
~ -fare ticket - bilet cu pre redus 50%
~ -finished goods - semifabricate
~ -height container - semicontainer
(pentru mrfuri n vrac)

~ -height open top container semicontainer deschis/fr capac

~ time - jumtate de norm; omaj
partial
~ -timer/-time worker - muncitor care
lucreaz jumtate de norm; omer
partial

halfpenny s. jumtate de penny

(moned englezeasc) adj. 1. cu
valoarea de o jumtate de penny 2. far
valoare
~ goods - mrfuri far valoare
hallmark s. 1. poanson de titlu (pe
metale preioase) 2. marc de control
v.t. amarca
hammer s. ciocan v.t. (bur.} 1. a
declara falit 2. a scdea preul
(aciunilor)
to bring/to put/to send to the ~ - a
scoate la licitatie
to come/to go/to fall under the - a se
vinde la licitaie
hand s. 1. mn 2. muncitor, lucrtor;
pl. mn de lucm 3. pl. (mar.) echipaj 4.
profit, ctig, beneficiu 5. conducere,
autoritate; control, dirijare; rspundere 6.
cantitate, lot (de marja) adj. manual;
de mn v.t. 1. (down) a lsa motenire 2.
(in) a prezenta (pentru acceptare) 3. (out) a
da, distribui 4. (over) a preda, a transmite, a
remite ~ -to-mouth - minim, de
subzisten;
de pe o zi pe alta
to be short of ~s - a duce lips de
mn de lucru
to have a free ~ - a avea mn liber
handbill s. flutura, anun (distribuit
trectorilor)

handbook 5. ghid, ndreptar, manual

handicraft s. 1. meteug, meserie 2.
artizanat, art meteugreasc 3.
obiecte de artizanat

150

~ industry - productie meteugreasc; industrie meteugreasc

handicraftsman s. artizan, meteugar,
meseria
handiwork s. 1. munc manual 2.
lucm de mn; produs al industriei
meteugreti
handle v.t. 1. a mnui, a manevra; a
manipula 2. a conduce; a administra, a
gestiona 3. a face comert cu, a se ocupa
cu comertul de
handling s. 1. manipulare, manevrare;
deservire (a instalaiilor); operaii la
transportul
de
mrfuri
(incrcare,
descrcare, transbordare, stivuire) 2.
conducere; administrare, gestionare adj.
referitor la manipulare/manevrare ~ area zon de operare (incrcare, descrcare,
transbordare) ~ mark - marc de
manipulare (pentru mrfurile fragile)
~ rate - norm de operare (in tone) ~ time
- timp de operare handmade adj. lucrat
manual/de mn;
meteugresc, artizanal handout s. 1.
comunicat de pres;
comunicat oficial 2. mostr gratuit (in
scop promoional) 3. dar; poman handsel
s. acont, avans v.t. a da cu avans
harbour s. port; bazin portuar, rad v.i. a
ancora, a arunca ancora; a se adposti n
port/rad
accommodation
amenajare
portuar
~ authorities - autoriti portuare ~ dues taxe portuare ~ master - cpitan de port ~
offce - cpetenie de port ~ regulations regulament portuar ~ traffic - trafic portuar

HAN-HAT

~ warehouse - antrepozit portuar

harbourage s. bazin portuar, rad
hard adj. 1. tare, solid 2. strict; ferm 3.
greu, dificil 4. ridicat, mai'e (despre
preur)
~ -and-fast - ferm, strict
~ bargain - acdrd far concesii/
compromisuri; negocieri dure
~ cash - numerar, bani lichizi
~ currency - valut forte
~ goods - produse de folosin
ndelungat
~ loan - mprumut rambursabil n
valuta rii creditoare
~ money - monede, bani metalici
~ sell(ing) - vnzare agesiv/n fort
(insoit de publicitate agresiv/
zgomotoas)
~ work - munc grea
harmonization s. armonizare (a
politicilor i a practicilor naionale cu
standardele intemaionale)
harvest s. 1. seceri; recoltare 2.
recolt, producie agricol v.t. a secera;
a recolta
~ hand - zilier angajat la recoltat
~ home - vremea recoltei; srbtoarea'
seceriului/recoltei
!
to make ~ - a recolta
harvester s. 1. secertor; culegtor 2.
secertoare; main de recoltat
harvesting s. recoltare, strngere ^
recoltei
;
~ strategy - (man.) strategie de recoltare (pbinerea profitului pe termen
scurt rezultat din comercializarea unid
produs, naintea retragerii acestuia de
pepia)
hatch s. (mar.) gur de magazie/
hambar; tambuchi, bocaport

HAT-HEA

~ crew - echip de docheri la gura de

magazie
~ foreman - ef de echip (in magazie)
~ hours - timp total de operare (la
magaz.ii)

~ speed - nonn per gur de magazie

~ tally - pontare la gura magaziei
hatchway v. hatch
haul s. 1. traciune, remorcare 2.
transportator (rutier, feroviar sau pe
canal de marfa} 3. curs, parcurs 4.
cantitate de marf transportat;
cantitate de pete prins cu nvodul v.t.
1. a tracta, a remorca 2, a transporta
(prin cruie)
haulage s. 1. traciune, remorcare 2.
transport, cruie 3. cost al unui
transport
~ contractor - antreprenor de transporturi
~ equipment/gear - instalaie/utilaj de
remorcare
haul(i)er s. 1. transportor, cru 2.
firm de transporturi rutiere
haven s. port mic/de adpost; rad
hawk v.t. a face comert ambulant cu;
a-i striga (marfa) cu voce tare
hawker s. negustor ambulant
hazard s. (asig.) risc, pericol
hazardous s. riscant, periculos
~ goods - mrfuri periculoase
~ insurance - asigurare pentru mrfuri
periculoase
head s. 1. cap (de locuitor), persoan 2.
director, ef, conductor 3. post de
conducere; comand adj. principal;
central v.t. a fi n fruntea (unei liste); a
conduce v.i. a se ndrepta ctre ~ clerk ef de birou

151

~ lease - contract principal de

nchiriere (pentru o proprieate ulterior
subnchiriat)
~ manager - director general
~ mark - marc de identificare (a
coletelor de marfa)
~ mortgage - ipotec principal
~ offce - sediu principal; directie,
central
~ tax - capitaie, impozit pe cap de
locuitor
headhunter v. vntor de capete
(agenie sau persoan specializat n
gsirea i recrutarea de manageri cu
experien sau personal cu nalt
calificare)
headline s. 1. titlu (n ziar) 2. pl. rezumat al principalelor tiri (la radio)
headquarters s. sediu principal;
administraie central
health s. 1. sntate 2. sntate public
~ and safety - msuri de protecia i
medicina muncii
~ bill - (mar.) patent de sntate
~ certificate - certificat medical
~ insurance - asigurri de sntate
~ offcer - agent sanitar; medic igienist
~ service - servicii de asisten
medical
heavy adj. 1. greu 2. mare; masiv, n
cantitate mare; abundent, bogat 3.
ridicat, exorbitant (despre preuri) 4.
grav

~ crop - recolt bogat

~ damage - avarie grav
~ -duty - de mare putere/capacitate
~ expenditure - cheltuieli mari
~ goods - mrfuri grele
~ grains - cereale grele (gru, porumb,
secar)

~ imports - importuri masive

152

~ industry - industria grea

~ loss - pierdere mare
~ market - (bur.} pia inactiv; (SUA)
pia activ
~ of sale - greu vandabil
~ order - comand mare
~ percentage - procent ridicat
~ sales - vnzri masive
~ traffc - trafic intens/aglomerat
~ user - utilizator frecvent, mare
cumprtor
hectar s. hectar
hedge s. acoperire, protecie v.t. a
apra, a proteja
~ fund - fond mutual protejat (care
acoper eventualele pierderi cauzate
de scderea valorii unor titluri de
valoare prin investiii n alte titluri cu
perspective de cretere
~ ratio - (bur., fin.) rata de asigurare
mpotriva riscurilor
hedging s. (bur., fin.) hedging,
acoperire (pperahme de contracarare
a riscurilor ce pot decurge din
fluctuaiile cursurilor la bursele de
mrfuri, din variaiile preurilor n
tranzaciile de comer exterior sau ale
cursurilor de schimb)
heel s. cotor (de chitan, cec), matc;
contramarc
heir s. motenitor, succesor
~ apparent - motenitor aparent;
motenitor legal/direct
~ -at-law - motenitor legitim/de drept
~ general - legatar universal
~ presumptive - motenitor prezumptiv
heirdom s. motenire; drept de
motenire
heiress s. motenire, succesoare

HEA-HIG

heirloom s. obiecte de familie (care se

transmit din generaie n generaie)
hereditament s. 1. proprietate care poate
fi motenit/transmis prin succesiune 2.
motenire, succesiune hidden adj. ascuns;
secret ~ asset - activ subevaluat ~ damage
- (mar.) avarie ascuns/ neobservat
~ economy - economie subteran ~
inflation - inflaie ascuns/mascat ~
reserve - (cont.) rezerv ascuns/ secret
(delict de bilan care const n denaturarea
nregistrrilor contabile prin subevaluarea
activelor) ~ tax - impozit ascuns/indirect ~
unemployment - omaj ascuns/ mascat
hierarchical adj. ierarhic ~ structure (man.) structur ierarhic high adj. 1. nalt;
ridicat, mare 2. important, nalt (despre
funcie, rang) 3. superior, de calitate
superioar 4. scump, costisitor
~ commissioner - nalt comisar ~ -class de calitate superioar ~ farming agricultur intensiv ~ finance - marea
finan ~ finish - finisaj superior ~ -geared
- cu grad mare de ndatorare ~ -grade superior, de calitate superioar; cu coninut
bogat (despre minereu)
~ -involvement product - produs cu
implicare putemic (pe care cumpr-torul
se hotrte cu greu s-l achiziioneze)
~ price - pre mare/ridicat ~ quality calitate superioar ~ road - dmm
principal; osea

fflG-HOM

~ seas - largul mrii (apele intemaionale)

~ season - sezon turistic
~ technology - nalt tehnologie,
tehnologie de mare performan
~ yielders "- aciuni cu profit mare
- -yielding fund - fond mutual cu
plasamente foarte avantajoase (,ns cu
un grad de risc mai ridicat)
highway s. dmm principal, osea;
osea naional
hire s. 1. nchiriere; locaie 2. chirie 3.
angajare, tocmire (a unui lucrtor) 4.
plat, leaf v.t. 1. a nchiria, a lua cu
chirie 2. (on) a angaja {in slujb), a
tocmi (pentru o treaba) 3. (out) a
nchiria, a da cu chirie
~ -purchase agreement - contract de
vnzare n rate (proprietatea asupra
articolului devenind efectiv o dat cu
achitarea ultimei rate)
~ -purchase company - societate de
credit (care finaneaz achiziionarea
de bunuri cu plata n rate)
~ -purchase price - pre pentru
vnzarea n rate
historical adj. istoric
~ cost - cost istoric (cost iniial al unui
activ)

~ rate of return - (fin.) rata istoric a

rentabilitii (unui titlu de valoare pe
un an daf)

hoard s. 1. stoc, rezerv, fond 2. tezaur

v.t. 1. a stoca, a aduna 2. a tezauriza v.i'.
a face rezerve/stocuri
hoarding s. 1. stocare, adunare 2.
tezaurizare
hoist s. (mar.) coad (de marf)
hold v.t. a deine, a poseda; a avea n
proprietate
to ~ an office - a deine un post/funcie

153

to ~ good - a rmne valabil

to ~ the market - a controla/a domina
piaa
holder s. deintor, posesor; titular (al
unei licene, al unui cont)
~ for value - deintor (al unei cambii)
pentru valori fumizate
~ in due course - ter deintor (al unei
cambi)

holding s. 1. deinere, posesie 2. ferm

mic; mic proprietate agricol 3. (i
pl.) pachet de aciuni
~ company - companie holding
holiday s. 1. srbtoare; zi de odihn 2.
(ipl.) vacan; concediu
~ s with pay - concediu cu plat
holidaymaker s. vilegiaturist
home s. cas, locuin; domiciliu adj.
1. casnic; domestic, referitor la
cas/locuin 2. intem, interior 3.
naional
~ address - adres privat
~ audit - audit casnic
~ banking - servicii bancare la
domiciliu (sistem de tranzacii bancare
prin computerul personal conectat la
cele ale bncii}
~ bill - cambie intem (pltibil n
tara unde afost emis)
~ consumption - consum intem
~ country - metropol
~ currency - moned naional
~ demand - cerere intem
~ economics - economie domestic
~ freight - (mar.) navlu de napoiere;
mrfuri de import ~ industry industria casnic ~ loan - mprumut
ipotecar ~ market - pia intem ~
news - tiri inteme

154

~ office - sediu central (al unei

societi)

~ port - port de domiciliu/ata/

nregistrare
~ products - produse de fabricaie
intem
~ sales - valoare a vnzrilor pe piaa
intem
~ trade - comert interior; (mar.)
cabotaj naional
~ -trade ship/vessel - nav de cabotaj
naional
~ value declaration - declaraie asupra
valorii mrfii n ara de origine
homestead 5. 1. gospodrie agricol,
ferm 2. lot de teren acordat unui
colonist
~ law - lege care protejeaz fermele de
sechestru sau vnzare silit; lege care
reglementeaz vnzarea terenurilor
agricole
homeward adj adv. (niar.) ctre/spre
ar

~ -bound - n drum spre ar (despre

nava)

cargo
caric/ncrctur
de
napoiere; mrfuri de import ~ trip/voyage
- cltorie/voiaj de napoiere
homework s. munc la domiciliu
homogeneous adj. omogen; similar
expectations - (fin.) estimri omogene
(estimri asemntoare ale riscului i ale
rentabilitii de ctre toi investitorii)
~ products - produse similare/de
substituie
honorarium s. onorariu honorary
adj. onorific, de onoare ~ debt datorie de onoare ~ member membm de onoare

HOM-HOT

honour s. cinste; onoare v.t. 1. a onora,

a plti (un cec) 2. a respecta, a ndeplini
(o obligaie, un angajamenf)
~ policy - poli de onoare/fr obiect
asigurat
horizontal adj. orizontal
~ amalgamation/merger - fuziune
orizontal (fuziunea a dou firme care
produc acelai tip de bunuri sau
servici)

~ combination/integration - combinare/integrare orizontal

~ expansion - expansiune orizontal
(extinderea unei companii prin
dezvoltarea unor produse vndute pe
piee similare i cu profil asemntor
sau mrirea suprafeei agricole)
~ reduction of tariffs - reducere
orizontal/liniar a taxelor vamale
(reducerea cu acelai procent a tuturor
taxelor vamale ale rilor participante
la o rund de negocieri comerciale}
~ trust - trust orizontal
horse s. cal
~ power - cal-putere
~ trade - trguial, tocmeal; vnzare/
nego de cai
horticulture s. horticultur
holticulturist s. horticultor
hosiery s. 1. galanterie de dam 2.
tricotaje
hostile adj. ostil
~ takeover - preluare ostil (achiziionarea printr-o ofer pe care conducerea societii vizate o respinge)
~ tariffs - bariere vamale
hot adj. cald, fierbinte
~ bill - cambie fierbinte (cu scadena
apropiat)

HOT-HYP

~ money - bani fierbini (capital atras

din strintate de dobnzi ridicate sau
de un climat politic sigur)
hotel s. hotel
~ industry/trade - industria hotelier
hour . or
~ zonie - fus orar
hourly adj. orar, pe or
~ output - producie orar
~ rate - norm orar
house s. 1. cas, imobil; locuin,
domiciliu 2. societate, companie; cas
de comert; oficiu adj. referitor la cas;
casnic, domestic v.t. 1. a caza; gzdui
2. a depozita, a nmagazina
~ agent - agent imobiliar
~ bill - cambie tras asupra societtii
centrale (de ofilial din strintate)

~ brand - marc proprie/de comer

(nume de marc atribuit unui produs
de ctre un intermediar, de obicei un
detailist important)

~ flag - pavilion de- companie de

navigaie
-union - sindicat pe societate
(neafiliat)

household s. gospodrie, menaj adj.

casnic, menajer
~ art - gospodrie, menaj
~ durables - articole casnice de
folosin ndelungat
~ policy - poli de asigurare a
locuinei
householder s. cap de familie; gospodar
housekeeper s. 1. intendent, administrator 2. gospodin
housekeeping s. 1. gospodrie, menaj;
gospodrire, administrare 2. economie
domestic
~ money - bani de coni

155

housing A. 1. locuin; locuine 2.

construcie de locume
~ development - ansambhi de locuine
~ estate - teren destinat construciei de
locuine sociale
hovercraft s. nav pe pem de aer
huckster s. 1. vnztor ambulant;
negustor de mruniuri 2. vnztor
convingtor/abil 3. autor de emisiuni
publicitare v.t., v.i. a face nego ambulant
(de)
hull s. (asig. mar.) corp de nav, coc ~
and machinery - corp i maini ~ and
materials - corp i materiale ~ insurance asigurare casco ~ underwriters asigurtori casco human adj. uman ~
capital - capital uman ~ (-factor)
engineering - ergonomie
-resource management
managementul resurselor umane
hundredweight s. chintal husband s. 1.
administrator; gospodar 2. (mar.) agent
general al armatorului;
administrator de nav v.t. a administra,
a conduce; a economisi
husbandry s. 1. administrare; gospodrie 2. agricultur
hush s. tcere
~ money - mit, cumprarea tcerii
unui martor
hyperinflation s. hiperinflaie, inflaie
galopant
hypermarket s. supermarket (de obicei
la periferia unui ora)
hypothec s. ipotec
hypothecary adj. ipotecar
hypothecate v.t. a ipoteca

ice s. ghea
~ clause - clauza gheii (de predare a
ncrcturii n cel mai apropiat port
neblocat de gheuri) ~ risk - (asig. mar.)
risc de gheuri idle adj. inactiv;
neutilizat, nevalorificat; neproductiv,
neoperativ v.t. a irosi; a nu folosi {la
ntreaga capacitate) v.i. 1. a sta neutilizat
2. (over) a merge n gol; a avea timpi mori
(despre maini, utilaje) ~ capacity capacitate neutilizat ~ capital - capital
inactiv/ neproductiv ~ market - pia
inactiv ~ time - timp mort; gol de
producie ~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj
nefolosit (al navelor care staioneaz n
rezerv) illegal ad]. ilegal, nelegal, ilicit
illegality s. ilegalitate, act ilicit illegible
adj. ilizibil, indescifrabil ~ signature semntur ilizibil/ indescifrabil illicit
adj. ilicit, ilegal ~ commission - mit ~
trade - comert ilicit, contraband illiquid
adj. care nu poate fi transformat n bani
lichizi (despre active)
illusory adj. iluzoriu ~ profit - profit
iluzoriu imbalance s. dezechilibru (al
balanei comerciale)
immediate adj. imediat ~ availability disponibilitate ime-diat

~ posession - (dr.) luare imediat n

posesie
immigrant s., adj. imigrant
~ remittances - bani trimii de
imigrani (familiilor rmase n ara de
origine)
immigrate v.i. a imigra
immobilize v.t. 1. a imobiliza
(capitalul circulant) . a retrage din
circutaie {monede pentru ntrirea
bancnotelor)
immovable adj. 1. imobil; imobiliar 2.
(dr.) inamovibil ^. pl. bunuri
imobiliare, proprietate imobiliar
~ property - proprietate imobiliar
immunity s. scutire (de taxe, impozite
etc.)

immunization. s. (fn.) imunizare

(stabilizarea venitului unei obligaiuni)
impact s. impact
~ effect - efectul impactului (creterea
cererii atunci cnd nu este posibil
creterea imediat a oferte)
imperfect adj. imperfect, incomplet
~ competition - concuren imperfect/
monopolist
~ entry - declaraie vamal preliminar
~ market - pia imperfect (cu
concuren imperfect)
imperialism s. imperialism (economic)
impersonal arf/'.impersonal
accounts
(cont.)
conturi
impersonale
~ ledger - (cont.) cartea mare impersonal
/ general

IMP-IN

~ payee - beneficiar impersonal (formul pe

un cec)
imperial adj. britanic, folosit n Marea
Britanie
~ system - sistemul britanic de uniti de
msur
imperialism s. imperialism (economic)
implement A\ unealt; instrument v.t. a
implementa, a pune n aplicare implicit adj.
implicit ~ contract - contract implicit/tacit
~ rent - rent (funciar) implicit implied
adj. implicit ~ term.- clauz implicit ~
trust ~ mandat implicit (creat prin efectul
legii)
~ warranty - (asig.) garanie implicit
import s. 1. import 2. marf importat/ de
import v.t. a importa ~ ban/prohibition interdicie a - importului
~ broker - broker de import ~ commission
agent - agent comisi-onar de import (firm
specializata) ~ deposit - depozit la import
(form de restricie a importurilor prin care
importatorul este obligat s depun
temporar la banca central un procent din
valoarea importului) ~ duty - tax vamal
de import ~ entry - declaraie vamal de
import ~ gold/specie point - (fin.) punct de
aur la import
~ goods - mrfuri importate/de import ~
licence - licen de import ~ merchant importator independent ~ permit autorizaie de import ~ quota contingent/cot de import ~ restrictions restricii la import ~ substitution substituire a impor-tului {ncercarea unei
ri de a reduce

157

importurile, ncurajnd de7.volta.rea

industriilor inteme)

~ surcharge - supratax la import

~ surplus - excedent la import
~ trade - comert de import
importable adj. importabil
importation s. 1. importare, import 2.
marf importat
importer s. importator
impose v.t. a impune, a stabili (taxe,
impozite)

impost s. impozit; tax vamal

impound v.t. {dr.) a sechestra
impoverish v.t. 1. a srci, pauperiza 2.
a epuiza (fertilitatea unui teren)

impresario s. impresar
imprest s. avans, mprumut (acordat
unei ntreprinderi care produce pentru
stat sau pentru derularea unor servicii
publice)
~ system - (cont.) sistem imprest (de
plat n numerar a cheltuielilor
mrunte)
improve v.t. a mbunti, a ameliora;
a perfeciona v.i. 1. a se mbunti, a
se ameliora; a se perfeciona 2. a crete,
a se mri (despre preur)
to ~ on smb.'s offer - a oferi mai mult
dect cineva
improvement s. 1. mbuntire,
ameliorare; perfecionare 2. progres,
dezvoltare, modemizare 3. cretere,
mrire (a preurilor)
improver s. practicant, stagiar; ucenic
~ upon an offer - persoan care
supraliciteaz
impulse s. impuls
~ buyer - cumprtor impulsiv
~ goods - mrfuri cumprate sub
pomirea impulsului
in prep. n

158

~ - and-out - in-and-out (cumprarea

i revnzarea imediat de titluri de
valoare)

~ - bond - depozitat n antrepozite

vamale (despre mrfurile care urmeaz
afi supuse taxelor vamale)
~ - bond price - pre n antrepozitele
vamale (fnainte de vmuire)
~ cash - n numerar
~ - house - propriu; intem; autohton
~ - house training - pregtire/instmire
n cadrul ntreprinderii
~ - the - money option - (bur.) opiune
cu pre de exerciiu inferior cursului
pieei
~ transit - n tranzit
inactive adj. inactiv
~ account - cont inactiv
~ capital - capital inactiv/neproductiv
~ market - (bur.) pia inactiv
~ securities - titluri de valoare
inactive/fr cutare
inbound adj . (mar.) care se ntoarce
din voiaj, pe drum de ntoarcere
~ cargo - caric/ncrctur de
ntoarcere
incalculable adj. incalculabil
~ risk - (asig.) risc incalculabil
incapacitate v.t. (dr.) a priva de un
drept/o capacitate legal, a face s
decad (dintr-un drept)
incapacity s. (dr.) incapacitate legal,
decdere (din drepturi)
incentive s. stimulent (material),
stimulare, cointeresare adj. stimulativ
~ marketing - marketing de stimulare
~ premium - prim de stimulare
~ scheme - sistem stimulativ, plan de
stimulare (m salarizare)
~ wage - salarizare progresiv (in
funcie de productivitate)

IN-INC

inception s. nceput (al perioadei

pentru care o poli de asigurare este
valabil)
inch s. ol (unitate de mdsur pentru
lungime)
inchmaree s. nume al unei nave
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza
neglijenei
inchoate adj. incomplet
~ instrument - instmment de plat
incomplet (cambid)
incidental adj. ocazional, neprevzut;
mrunt, nensemnat s.pl. cheltuieli
neprevzute/diverse
~ expenses - cheltuieli neprevzute/
diverse
inclusive adj. 1. total, general, global
2. (of) incluznd, inclusiv (despre
preuri, tarife) adv. inclusiv
~ of all charges - inclusiv toate
cheltuielile
~ price - pre total/care include toate
cheltuielile
~ sum - sum global/forfetar
~ terms - condiii de preuri inclusive;
pre n care sunt cuprinse toate
serviciile
~ tour - circuit turistic complet/cu toate
serviciile incluse m pre
income s. venit; ctig, beneficiu
~ and expenditure account - (cont.)
cont de venituri i cheltuieli
~ bond - obligaiune purttoare de
venit (la care se pltete dobnd
numai dac exist profit)
~ effect - efect asupra venitului (in
comportamentul comerciat)

~ elasticity - elasticitate a veniturilor

~ fund - fond mutual de ctig (care
realizeaz cele mai avantajoase

INC-I<D

plasamente pentru a obine ctigul

maxim posibil)

~ group - grup de venituri

~ in kind - venit n natur
~ redistribution - redistribuire a
veniturilor
~ statement - (cont.) (SUA) situatia
veniturilor
~ tax - impozit pe venit
~ tax allowances - reduceri ale
impozitului pe venit
~ value - valoare a venitului obinut
~ velocity - viteza transformrii banilor
n venit
incoming adj. 1. care sosete/vine 2.
urmtor s. 1. intrare, sosire 2. pl.
ctiguri, beneficii; ncasri
~ cargo - caric/ncrctur de import
~ invoice - factur de cumprare
~ mail - coresponden sosit
~ s and outgoings - ncasri i
cheltuieli
incompatible adj. incompatibil
~ cargo - caric incompatibil (care nu
poatefi inut lng alte mrfuri)
inconvertible adj. neconvertibil
incorporate v.t. 1. a nregistra, a
nfiina (o societate sau o corporaie)
2. a ncorpora; a unifica v.i. (SUA) a
nfiina o corporaie adj. 1. constituit
sub forma unei corporaii 2. ncorporat;
unificat
incorporated adj. 1. (SUA.) constituit
sub forma unei corporaii 2. ncorporat;
unificat
~ broker - agent/broker de asigurri
(membru al unei asociaii profesionale)
incorporation s. nregistrare, mfiinare a
unei societi, a unei corporaii
incorporeal adj. (dr.) incorporal

159

~ hereditament - drept incorporal

(drept de uzufruct cu excluderea
dreptului de nud proprietate)
~ possession - posesie incorporal
(proprietate asupra unui drept legal)
incorrect adj. incorect; defectuos
~ endorsement - andosare defectuoas
increase s. mrire, cretere v.t., v.i. a
crete, a (se) mri
~ of capital - mrire a capitalului
social
~ of the risk - (asig.) cretere a riscului
to be on the ~ - a fi n cretere
increasing adj. crescnd, n cretere
~ demand - cerere n cretere
increment s. 1. increment, cretere,
mrire; spor; adaos 2. ctig, profit
incremental adj. incremental
~ analysis - analiz incremental
~ cash flow - flux de numerar
incremental (fluxul de numerar net
care poate fi atribuit unui proiect de
investii)

~ cost - cost marginal

~ cost of capital - cost incremental al
capitalului {costul mediu al capitalului
suplimentar obinut n timpul unui an
dat)
incur v.t. a se expune (imui risc); a
contracta (obligaii); a suferi (pierder)
to ~ a penalty - a fi penalizat
to ~ debts - a face datorii
to ~ expenses - a avea cheltuieli
indebted adj. dator, ndatorat
indebtedness 5-. datorie, datorii; sum
datorat
indemnification s. 1. despgubire,
compensaie 2. garanie; garantare,
asigurare
indemnify v.t. 1. a despgubi, a
compensa 2. a asigura, a garanta

160

indemnity s. 1. despgubire, indemnizaie, compensaie 2. asigurare,

garanie 3. (dr.) imunitate
~ bond - scrisoare de garanie
indent s. comand (de mrfuri) v.t. 1. a
comanda (mrfuri) 1. a ntocmi (un
act) n dublu exemplar 3. a angaja (ca
ucenic)
indenture s. 1. act/document oficial 2.
contract sinalagmatic 3. contract de
ucenicie (intre ucenic i meter) 4.
contract de emisiune {acord formal
ntre emitentul unor obligaiuni i
deintorii acestord) v.t. a angaja prin
contract (ca ucenic)
indentured adj. angajat/legat prin
contract
~ labour - mn de lucru angajat prin
contract (pe termen lung)
independent adj. independent
~ importer - importator independent
means
mijloace
de
trai
independente (obinute din rente sau titluri
de valoare)
index s. L indice, indicator 2. index,
repertorm, tabel alfabetic; tabl de materii
v.t. a alctui un index; a trece n index, a
clasa
~ arbitrage - (bur.) arbitraj de indici ~
card - fi (de cartotec) ~ fund - fond
mutual raportat la un indice (fond mutual al
crui portofoliu corespunde unui indice
oficial) ~ (- linked) bond - obligaiune
indexat/stabilizat/corelat cu inflaia ~
number - indice, indicator ~ word - cuvnt
index indexation s. indexare indexing v.
indexation indictment s. (dr.) inculpare,
punere sub acuzare; rechizitoriu

IND

indifference s. indiferen, pasivitate ~

curve - curba indiferenei (grafic care
reprezint diferite combinaii ale mai
multor mrfuri cu caliti identice i care
i ofer consumatorului satisfacie egal)
indigenous adj. indigen, intem ~
production - producie intem
indirect adj. indirect
~ action - aciune (publicitar) indirect
(care urmrete promovarea prestigiului
unei firme sau al unei marci, i nu
vnzarea propriu-zis de produse)
~ cost - cost indirect
~ damages - daune indirecte {oferite drept
compensaie pentru nerespecta-rea
obligaiilor contractuale) ~ exchange schimb valutar indirect (intre dou ri,
folosindu-se valuta unei a treia ri)
~ labour - munc indirect {activitatea de
administraie, ntreinere etc.) ~ parity paritate indirect (rata de schimb a don
valute calculat prin raportare la o a treia)
~ production - producie indirect [care
folosete diviziunea muncii) ~ quote - curs
de schimb valutar indirect
~ sale - vnzare prin intermediar ~ tax impozit indirect individual adj. individual
~ demand - cerere individual ~ file dosar individual ~ producer - productor
individual indorse v. endorse
induction s. (man.) instalare (ntr-o
funcie), angajare (intr-un post}

161

IND-INF

industrial adj. 1. industrial; de

producie 2. de munc s. 1. industria 2.
pl. aciuni ale unei societi industriale ~
accident - accident de munc ~ action protest de munc; grev ~ archaeology istoria tehnicii ~ bank - societate de credit
(care finaneaz achiziionarea de bunuri
cu plata n rate}
~ capital - capital industrial ~ carrier nav pentru materii prime (minereuri, iei
etc.) ~ complex - complex industrial ~
crops - culturi tehnice/industriale ~
democracy - democraie industrial
(participarea muncitorilor la luarea
deciziilor n ntreprinderea unde care
lucreaz)
~ design - design industrial ~ development
bond - (SUA) obliga-iune (municipal)
pentru dezvoltarea industrial
~ disease - boal profesional ~ dispute conflict de munc ~ district - regiune
industrial ~ ecosystem - ecosistem
industrial ~ effluents - ape reziduale
industriale ~ espionage/spying - spionaj
industrial ~ estate/park - zon de
dezvoltare industrial
~ goods - produse industriale ~
health/hygiene - igiena muncii ~ inertia
- inerie industrial (dezinteresul, unor
proprietari de ntre-prinderi industriale de
a-i muta societile n alte locuri mai
propice desfurrii activitii) ~ injuries
insurance - asigurare pentru accidente de
munc
~ life cycle - ciclu de via industrial ~
medicine - medicina muncii

~ naphtha - solvent petrolier

~ nation - ar industrializat
~ plant - plant tehnic/industrial
~ policy - politic industrial
~ property - proprietate industrial
(asupra brevetelor, mrcilor etc.)
~ psychology - psihotehnic
~ relations - relaii de munc {ntre
patronat i salariai)
~ safety - tehnica securitii muncii
~ school - coal profesional/de
meserii

~ television - televiziune industrial /

n circuit nchis
~ tribunal - tribunal de munc
~ truck - stivuitor, crucior de ridicat
~ union - sindicat pe ramur
industrialism s. industrialism
industrialist s. industria
industrialization s. industrializare
industrialize v.. a industrializa
industry s. 1. industrie; ramur
industrial 2. ntreprindere, fabric,
uzin
~ structure - structur a unei ramuri
industriale
inelastic adj. neelastic (despre cerere,
ofert etc.)
inert adj. inert; inactiv
~ goods - mrfuri inerte (minereuri,
nisip, bumbac, Idn etc.)
inertia s. inerie
~ selling - vnzare inerial (metod de
marketing prin care unele produse sunt
expediate prin pot potenialilor
clieni fr ca acetia s le fi
comandat)
inexpensive adj. ieftin, necostisitor
inexpensiveness s. ieftintate
infant adj. nou, recent, n dezvoltare
~ industry - industrie nou

162

inferior adj. inferior, de calitate

inferioar
~ good - produs inferior (pentru care
cererea scade atunci cnd scad i
preurile)

inflammable adj. inflamabil

~ goods - marf inflamabil
materials
materiale/substane
inflamabile
inflate v.t. 1. a mri (preurie) artificial 2.
a provoca inflaia inflation s. inflatie
~ accounting - contabilitate de inflaie ~
premium - prim de inflaie (prim pentru
inflaia anticipat sau estimat pe care
investitorii o adun la rata pur a
rentabilitii) inflationary adj. inflaionist
~ policy - politic inflaionist ~ pressure presiune inflaionist ~ spiral - spiral
inflaionist/salarii -- preuri
~ trends - tendine inflaioniste
inflationism s. inflaionism inflationist s.
inflaionist, adept al inflaionismului inflow
v. influx
influx s. aflux (de capital, clieni, mrfuri
etc.)
information s. 1. informaie, infor-maii;
informare 2. tiri, veti 3. cuno-tine,
informaie; cultur ~ bureau/offce - birou
de informaii ~ desk - ghieu de informaii
~ technology - tehnologie informaio-nal
informative adj. informativ ~ advertising
- publicitate informativ ~ price - pre
informativ infrastructure s. infrastructur

INF-INL

infringe v.t. a nclca (un contract, un

drept de autor etc.)

ingot s. lingou
~ of legal fineness - lingou cu titlu
legal
inherent adj. inerent, propriu
~ vice - (asig.) viciu inerent (unei
mrji)

inherit v.t. a moteni

inheritable adj. transmisibil, care
poate fi lsat motenire; succesoral
inheritance s. 1. motenire, succesiune
2. motenire, proprietate motenit
~ tax - tax succesoral, impozit pe
motenire
inheritor 5. motenitor, succesor
initial adj. iniial
~ capital - capital iniial
~ costs - cheltuieli iniiale, investiii;
cost de baz
~ outlays - cheltuieli iniiale/de
instalare
~ public offering - ofert public
iniial (de aciuni comune)
injure v.t. 1. a rni, a vtma 2. a
prejudicia, a leza (reputaia uneifirme)
3. a avaria, a deteriora

injury 5'. 1. ran, leziune 2. ofens,

lezare 3. avarie, pagub; daun,
prejudicii
inland s. regiune / parte central;
teritoriu situat departe de grani sau de
mare adj. 1. situat nuntrul rii;
departe de grani sau de mare 2.
interior, intem; autohton, indigen adv.
n interioml/centrul rii
~ bill - cambie intem (pltibil n ara
unde afost emisa)

~ commodities - produse indigene

~ duty - acciz, tax de consum; vam
intem

INL-INS

~ harbour/port - port interior

~ invoice - factur intem (pentru
mrfuri vndute pe piaa interna)

~ mail - pot intem

~ marine/transit insurance - asigurri
maritime pe cile navigabile interioare
~ navigation - navigaie interioar/
fluvial
~ payments - pli inteme
~ postage - tarif potal pentru
corespondena intem
~ rate - tarif intem
~ revenue - venituri fiscale/provenite
din impozite
~ route - rut fluvial
~ sea - mare interioar/continental
~ trade - comer interior; (mar.)
cabotaj intem
~ waters - ape interioare/ continentale
~ waterways - ci navigabile interioare/fluviale
inn s. han, popas
inner adj. interior
~ dock - bazin portuar interior
~ harbour/port - port interior
~ reserve - (cont.) rezerv ascuns/
secret (delict de bilan care const n
denaturarea nregistrrilor contabile
prin subevaluarea activelor)

innkeeper s. hangiu
~ 's lien - drept de retenie al hangiului
(asupra bagajelor unui client ca
garanie a achitrii notei deplata)
innovation s. inovaie
inoperative adj. 1. inactiv, neoperativ
2. (dr.) inoperant, nevalabil, far efect
~ clause - clauz fr efect (intr-un
contract)
inscribe v.t. a emite (aciuni nominale)

insertion s. anun, informaie (intr-un

ziar)

163

insider s. iniiat, persoan bine

informat (despre o afacere)
~ dealing/trading - (bur.) afaceri/
tranzacii ale iniiailor (directori de
societi, nali funcionari care posed
informaii suplimentare despre anumite
aciuni tranzacionate)
inshore adj. costier, de coast adv. la

rm, aproape de rm/coast

~ fishery/fishing - pescuit costier
~ navigation - navigaie costier, mic
cabotaj
~ trade- (mar.) cabotaj
insolvency s. insolvabilitate
practitioner
profesionist
specializat n
lichidarea
firmelor
falimentare
insolvent adj. insolvabil; falimentar s.
debitor insolvabil; falit ~ act - legea
falimentului ~ debtor - debitor insolvabil
inspection s. inspecie, verificare, control
~ certificate - certificat de control ~
officer - inspector
~ stamp - tampil de control/garanie ~
tools - instrumente de control inspector 5'.
1. inspector 2. controlor de calitate
~ general - inspector general ~ of taxes inspector financiar ~ of weights and
measures verificator de msuri i greuti
instal(l)ment s. rat; plat n rate ~ credit credit rambursabil n rate ~ plan/system sistem de vnzri cu plata n rate
institute s. institut; societate, asociaie v.t.
1. a institui, a stabili (o lege) 2. a nfiina, a
fonda (o societate) 3. (dr.) a

164

pune n posesie (ca motenitor etc.) 4. a

intenta (o aciune judiciar') ~ cargo
clauses - clauze de asigurare a mrfurilor
(stabilite
de
Institutul Asigurtorilor
Maritimi din Londra) ~ time clauses (hull
and cargo) -clauze de asigurare n timp (a
corpului i a mrfi) (stabilite de Institutul
Asigurtorilor Maritimi din Londrd) ~
warranties - conditii de limitare a
sectoarelor de navigatie pentm navele
asigurate
adj.
instituional
~
institutional
advertising - publicitate instituio-nal (a
uneifirme, menit s sporeasc prestigiul
acesteia) ~ economics - instituionalism ~
investor - investitor instituional (fonduri
de pensii, societi de investiii financiare
etc.)
~ market - pia instituional ~ monopoly
- monopol instituional (instituit atunci
cnd proprietarul unei mrci de fabric o
folosete pentru a-i impune produsele prin
publicitate i ambalaj special pentru a le
diferenia cu orice pre de oferta
concurenei)
institutionalism
5.
institutionalism instruct v.t. 1. a instrui, a
pregti (ntr-un domeniu) 2. a da
instruciuni/ dispoziii
instruction s. 1. instrucie, pregtire 2. pl.
instruciuni, dispoziii ~ book - manual de
ntreinere; carte tehnic
instrument s. 1. instrument, aparat,
dispozitiv 2. instrument, act juridic;
document oficial
insurable adj. asigurabil
~ interest - interes asigurabil; obiect al
asigurrii

INS

~ risk - risc asigurabil insurance s.

asigurare ~ against all risks - asigurare
contra tuturor riscurilor
~ against total loss - asigurare contra
pierderii totale
~ agent/broker - agent/broker de asigurri
~ carrier - asigurat
~ certificate - certificat de asigurare ~ club
- club de asigurare mutual (asociaie de
armatori care sunt n acelai timp
asigurai i asigurtori) ~ commission comision de asigurare (pltit agentului de
asigurr} ~ company - societate de
asigurri ~ contract - contract de asigurare
~ free from particular average -asigurare
fr avarie particular ~ fund - fond de
asigurri ~ instructions - instmciuni de
asigurare
~ note/slip - talon de asigurare ~ of cargo asigurare a caricului/ ncrcturii
~ of hull - asigurare casco (a corpului
navef)
~ policy - poli de asigurare ~ premium prim de asigurare ~ rider - clauz
suplimentar de asigurare
~ shares - actiuni ale unei societi de
asigurri
~ surveyor - inspector de asigurri (n
sectorul asigurrilor pentru accidente i
incendi)
~ tariff - tarif de asigurare ~ value valoare de asigurare ~ with particular
average - asigurare cu avarie particular
insure v.t., v.i. a (se) asigura

INS-INT

insured s. asigurat
insurer ^. asigurtor; societate de
asigurri
intangible adj. intangibil
-- assets - active intangibile (brevete,
licene, mrci defabric etc.)
intellectual adj. intelectual
~ property - proprietate intelectual
intensive adj. intensiv
~ agriculture - agricultur intensiv
intercourse s. relaii, legturi
{comerciale)
interchangeable adj. interanjabil,
interschimbabil
~ bond - obligatiune interanjabil
interest s. 1. interes, avantaj, profit 2.
dobnd 3. pl. gmp de persoane cu
interese (economice) comune; actionari; proprietari 4. (in) investiii, sum
investit (fn), participare (Id), cotparte (din)', (dr.) drept (asupra),
interese materiale (m)
~ bond - obligaiune n contul dobnzii
(pbligaiune oferit cnd dobnda nu
poatefi achitat n numerar)
cover
acoperirea
dobnzii
{indicator care arat de cte ori pot fi
pltite dobnzile unei ntreprinderi din
profitul su brut)
~ expense - cheltuiala reprezentnd
dobnda
~ in suspense - dobnd de ncasat de la
clienii insolvabili ~ penalty - dobnd
penalizatoare ~ rate - rata dobnzii
~ rate inflationary premium - prim de
inflaie la rata dobnzii ~ warrant - cupon
de dobnd to bear/to carry/to pay/to
yield ~ - a aduce dobnd

165

interim s. inierimat adj. interimar;

provizoriu
~ accounts - (cont.) contun provizorii
~ bond - certificat provizoriu de
obligatiuni
~ committee - comitet interimar
~ dividend - dividend partial, acont
asupra dividendului
intermediary adj., s. intermediar
~ trade - comert intermediar
intermediate adj. intermediar; mijlocit, indirect s. intermediar, mijlocitor
v.i. a fi intermediar
~ goods/products - semifabricate
~ trade - comert intermediar
intermediation s. intermediere, mijlocire
intermittent adj. intermitent
~ demand - cerere intermitent
internal adj. intem
~ audit - audit intem
~ debt - datorie public/de stat
~ financing - finanare intem
~ market - pia intem
~ navigation - navigaie interioar/
fluvial
~ rate of return -. rata intem a
rentabilitii (rentabilitatea unei
investiii exprimat ca proft anual
procentua raportat la investiia
iniial)

~ regulations - regulament de ordine

interioar
~ revenue - ncasri fiscale
~ trade - comert interior
~ waters - ape interioare
international adj. intemaional
~ cheque'- cec turistic
~ company/corporation - societate/
corporaie intemational
~ currency - valut intemaional/forte

166

INT-INV

~ investments - investiii n strintate

~ law - drept intemaional
~ liquidity - lichiditate intemational
~ market - pia intemaional
~ money order - mandat potal internaional
~ trade - comert intemaional
~ waters - ape intemaionale
interstate adj. interstatal
~ commerce - (SUA) comert interstatal
intervention s. intervenie (a statului
n economie, a bncii centrale pe piaa
financiar-bancar etc.)
interventionist s. intervenionist

invalidity s. (dr) nulitate, lips de

valabilitate/valoare; caracter inoperant
invent v.. a inventa
inventor s. inventator
inventory s. 1. inventar 2. stoc (de
mrfuri, materii prime) v.t. a
inventaria, a face inventarul
~ book - registru de inventar
~ control - gestiune a inventarului
~ conversion period - perioad de
conversie a stocurilor (timpul mediu

{adept al interveniei statului n

economie)

~ costing methods - (cont.) metode de

evaluare a stocului (pentru alocarea

interview 5. 1. ntrevedere, ntlnire 2.

interviu v.t. 1. a avea o ntrevedere cu
2. a intervieva
intestacy s. (dr.) 1. deces al unei
persoane care nu las testament,
succesiune ab intestat 2. incapacitate
de a-i testa bunurile
intestate (rir.) adj. ab intestat, decedat
fr testament s. persoan decedat fr
testament
~ succession - succesiune ab inestat
intrapreneurship s. intraprenoriat
(promovarea calitilor de antreprenor

costului de achiziiepe stoc)

n interiorul marilor companii)

intrinsic adj. intrinsec

~ value - valoare intrinsec/absolut (a
unei monede, a unui produs)
intrust v. entrust
invalid adj. (dr.) nul i neavenit, lipsit
de valabilitate/ valoare, far valoare/
efect

~ clause - clauz nul/fr efect

invalidate v.t. (dr.) a invalida, a
declara nul i neavenit

necesar pentru a converti materiile

prime n produse finite i pentru a le
vinde)

~ pressure - presiune a stocurilor de

mrfuri, stocuri supranormative
turnover rotaia
stocurilor
(raportul dintre vnzri i stocur) ~ value
- valoare de inventar to draw up an ~ - a
face inventarul inverted adj. invers
~ takeover - (bur.) preluare invers
{cumprarea unei societi anonime de
ctre una cu rspundere limitat sau a
unei societi mari de ctre una mai mic)
invest v.t. a investi, a plasa investment s.
1. investiie; plasament 2. portofoliu de
investiii ~ allowance - reduceri fiscale
pentru investiii (inlocuirea mijloacelor
fixe UT.ate)
~ analysis - analiza investitiei ~
analyst - analist de investiii ~ bank banc de investitii ~ bill - cambie de
investiie ~ capital - capital de
investiie

INV-INW

~ club - club de investiii (asocierea

niai multor persoane cu scopul de a
constitui un portofoliu de investii)

~ credit - credit de investiie/pe termen

lung
~ goods - mijloace de producie
~ grants / incentives - subvenii
(guvemamentale) pentru investiii
~ income - venit nemuncit (rente,
dobnzi, dividende)
~ list - list de valori recomandate
(list de titluri de valoare a cror
cumprare este recomandata)

~ manager - director al unui fond de

investiii
~ opportunity schedule - schema
oportunitilor de investiii (grafic al
oportunitilor de investiii ale frmei
clasate n ordinea ratei rentabilitii
proiectelor)
performance requirements condiii
la realizarea unei investiii (impuse
investiiilor strine directe de ctre
guvernul rii respective) ~ plan - plan de
investiii ~ portfolio - portofohu de
investiii ~ (trust) company - societate de
investiii financiare ~ turnover - rotaia
capitalului investor s. investitor ~
relations - relaii cu investitorii invisible
adj. invizibil
~ balance - balana invizibil (a
serviciilor)
~ exports - exporturi invizibile (export de
servicii)
~ imports - importuri invizibile (import de
servici)
~ trade - comert invizibil (sectorul
serviciilor) invoice s. factur v.t. a factura

167

~ amount - sum facturat

~ book - facturier (camet)
~ clerk - facturier (funcionar care
ntocmete facturi)
~ price - pre facturat
~ typist - dactilograf de facturi
~ value - valoare facturat
involuntary adj. involuntar
~ absentee - absent involuntar (de la
locul de munca)

~ investment - investiie involuntar

(in stocuri de marf, cauzat de
producia pe stoc)
~ saving - economie involuntar (de
bani blocai n stocuri de marf)

~ unemployment - omaj involuntar

(cnd patronii evit s faca noi
angajri)
involvement s. 1. implicare (a unui
cumprtor n luarea unei decizii
atunci cnd achiziioneaz un prodns)
1. complicaie fnanciar; acumulare de
datorii

inward adj. (mar. ) intem, interior;

spre interior
~ bill of lading - conosament pentru
mrfuri de import
~ - bound - n curs de efectuare a cltoriei
de napoiere (despre nav)
cargo
caric/ncrctur
de
napoiere; marfa de import ~ charges taxe de intrare (in port) ~ clearance bill act de lichidare vamal la intrare/import ~
declaration - declaraie vamal la intrare
~ manifest - manifest de intrare/import
inwards adv. nuntru, spre interior;
pentru import
~ consignment - marfa sosit n port
~ entry - declaraie vamal la intrare

168

ironmonger s. negustor de articole de

fier/fierrie
ironmongery s. nego de articole de
fier/fierrie
irrecoverable adj. nerecuperabil
~ debt - datorie nerecuperabil
irredeemable adj. nerambursabil;
neamortizabil s. pl. titluri de valoare
neamortizabile
~ bond - obligaiune neamortizabil
perpetu (care nu are scadena)
~ currency / money - moned neconvertibil

~ preference shares - aciuni prefereniale nerecuperabile (pe care societatea

care le-a emis nu are dreptul s le
rscumpere)
irrevocable adj. irevocabil
~ letter of credit - acreditiv irevocabil
issue 5'. 1. numr (al unui ziar); ediie
(a unei car) 2. emisiune (de titluri de
valoare) 3. eliberare (de bilete, facturi
etc.) 4. (dr.) punct n litigiu; problem
controversat v.t. 1. a emite, a pune n
circulaie (titluri de valoare) 2. a edita,
a publica (o carte, un ziar) 3. a elibera
(bilete, facturi etc.)

~ bank - banc de emisiune

~ by tender - emisiune prin adjudecare
~ cost - cost de emisiune
~ house - firm/banc de intermediere
(specializat n gsirea de cumprtori
pentru aciunile etc. emise de clienii
ei)

INW-ITI

~ market - piaa emisiunilor

~ of fact - (dr.) punct litigios de fapt
~ of law - (dr.) punct litigios de drept
~ par - valoare nominal (a unei
aciun)
~ power - privilegiu de emisiune
~ price - pre de emisiune
~ prospectus - prospect de emisiune
~ voucher - bon de ieire (din
magazie)
issuer s. emitent
item ^. 1. paragraf, articol, punct
(dintr-un contract}; articol contabil 2.
chestiune, punct (de pe ordinea de zi)
3. informaie, material, articol (de ziar)
v.t. a nota, a nsemna
~ s of tax preference - elemente de
venit care se deduc nainte de stabilirea
venitului impozabil
~ s on the agenda - puncte pe ordinea
de zi
itemize v.t. a specifica, a enumera (pe
puncte)

itemized adj. specificat, enumerat (pe

puncte)

~ account - cont specificat

~ invoice - factur detaliat
itinerant adj. ambulant
~ dealer - negustor ambulant

J
jerque v.t. (mar.) a face controlul
vamal
~ note - certificat de control vamal
jerry adj. de calitate inferioar;
nerezistent (despre construcii i
materiale de construci)
~ building - construcii de locuine din
materiale proaste i nerezistente
(pentru obinerea de profituri rapide)
~ - built - construit repede i prost
jetsam s. (mar.) ncrctur amncat
peste bord (de pe o nav n pericol,
care se scufunda sau este dus de
valuri la mal)

jettison (mar.) s. aruncare peste bord a

ncrcturii (pentru salvarea navei n
caz de pericol) v.t. a amnca
{incrcturd) peste bord
job s. 1. munc, lucru, activitate 2.
slujb, serviciu; post, funcie 3. afacere
(rentabil); specul; profit v.i. 1. a
munci ocazional; a lucra n acord 2. a fi
intermediar / misit; a specula, a trafica
~ analysis / study - analiza postului
~ breakdown - analiza / defalcarea
componentelor postului
~ centre - oficiul fortelor de munc
~ classification - clasificare a
activitilor / posturilor
~ classitication statistics - statistic a
grupelor de activiti
~ cycle - (/nan.) ciclu de munc
(pentru ndeplinirea sarcinilor specifice postulu)

~ description - {man.) descriere a

postului

~ dilution - divizare a unei activiti

(in munci / sarcini cu grad egal de
dificultate)
~ enrichment - extindere a domeniului
unei activiti (prin mrirea rspunderii)

~ evaluation - evaluare a postului

(pentru ncadrarea ntr-o categorie de
salarizare)

~ family - grup de activiti analoage

~ flow control - urmrire a secvenei
linitilor de lucru n curs de operare
~ knowledge - cunoatere a sarcinilor /
specificului unui post
~ line - solduri
~ lot - {bur.) pachet incomplet de
aciuni; mrfuri (disparate) vndute
angro, partid de solduri
~ order - dispoziie (scris) de lucru
~ (-order) costing - determinare a
costului unei activiti (pentru
fabricarea unui produs)
~ rate - norm de producie
~ requirements - cerine / exigene ale
unei activiti
~ rotation - rotaie a sarcinilor /
locului de munc
~ satisfaction - (man.) satisfacia
muncii (satisfacia pe care un lucrtor
o obine din activitatea sa)
~ sharing - partajare a postului
(niodalitatea de a mpri o slujb cu
norm ntreag ntre doi sau mai muli
angajai cu norm redusa)

170

~ specification - (man.) prezentare

(amnunita) a sarcinilor i a cerinelor
(specifice unui post) ~ step - etap de lucru
~ test - test profesional ~ ticket - fi de
lucru (cu instruciuni pentru ndeplinirea
unei anumite sarcini)
~ title - denumire a postului ~ training formare la locul de munc ~ wage - salariu
n acord ~ work - munc n acord to be out
of ~ - a oma to be paid by the ~ - a fi
pltit n acord
to lie down on the ~ - a lucra prost / de
mntuial
jobber s. 1. muncitor n acord 2. angrosist
3. jobber, agent de burs (care iniial fcea
tranzacii numai cu brokerii)
jobbery s. afacere necinstit (a unui
funcionar public); abuz de ncredere
jobholder s. 1. persoan angajat
permanent 2. funcionar de stat jobless adj.
far lucru, omer joint adj. comun ~
account - cont comun ~ and several - (dr.)
solidar i individual
~ and several liability - rspundere
solidar i individual
~ and survivorship - n comun i pentru
supravieuitor (formul dintr-o poli de
asigurare de via) ~ applicants cosolicitani (ai unui brevet de invenie)
~ benefciaries - (dr.) beneficiari n
indiviziune
~ committee - comisie mixt (cu membri
din camer i senat); comisie

JOB-JOI

comun (format din reprezentanii

mai multor organizaii)
~ costs - costuri comune
~ creditor - cocreditor
~ debtor - codebitor
~ demand - cerere complementar
~ founder - cofondator
~ heir - comotenitor
~ life annuity - anuitate a poliei
comune de asigurare de via
~ life and survivor annuity - anuitate
a poliei comune de asigurare de via
i pentru supravieuitor (cu anuitatea
diminuat dup decesul unuia dintre
cei doi asigura)
~ owner - coproprietar
~ ownership / tenancy - proprietate
comun, indiviziune
~ partner - coasociat
~ purchase - coachiziie
~ shares - aciuni indivize
~ signature - semntur colectiv /
social
~ stock - capital social
~ -stock banks - bnci comerciale
~ -stock company - societate pe
aciuni
~ supply - ofert complementar (de
produse)
~ survey - expertiz n contradictoriu
~ traffc - trafic combinat (feroviar i
rutier)

~ venture - joint venture, societate

mixt (fonn de asociere ntre dou
sau mai multe firme care i combin
resursele pentru atingerea unui
obiectiv specific)
jointly adv. n comun
~ and severally - (dr.) solidar i
individual

171

JOU-JL'S

journal s. 1. (cont.) jumal 2. revist;

ziar, gazet
journalize v.t. (cont.) a trece n jumal
journey s. 1. cltorie, voiaj 2. traseu,
parcurs, rut v.i'. a cltori, a voiaja ~
order - comand {adresat de detailist
reprezentantului comercial cnd acesta
viziteaz magazinul) journeyman s. 1.
meseria, calf 2. zilier
journeywork s. 1. lucru cu ziua 2. rutin,
activitate cotidian judge s. judector,
magistrat v.i. a judeca; a da o sentin ~ made law - jurispmden judg(e)ment s. 1.
judecare, judecat 2. sentin, hotrre
judectoreasc - absolute - hotrre
defmitiv ~ by default - judecare n
contumacie ~ creditor - creditor prin
hotrre judectoreasc
~ debt - datorie insolvabil (confir-mat
prin hotrre judectoreasc) ~ debtor debitor (declarat de instan)
~ for the plaintiff - sentin n favoarea
reclamantului to pass ~ - a da sentina to
reserve ~ - a amna pronunarea sentinei
junior adj. 1. junior 2. secundar;
subaltem, subordonat s. 1. junior;
persoan mai tnr 2. subaltem,
subordonat
~ capital - capital n aciuni comune
~ creditor - creditor general (fir
drepturi prefereniale)
~ issue - emisiune de titluri de valoare
secundare

~ partner - asociat secundar

~ securities - titluri de valoare
secundare (cu drepturi mai mici asupra
activelor i a veniturilor dect alte
titluri de valoare considerate
prioritare)
junk s. vechituri; gunoi; deeuri adj.
ieftin; far valoare, de proast calitate
~ bond - obligaiune cu risc mare {cu
dobmi nalte oferite n compensaie
pentru bonitatea adesea sczut a
emitentului)
~ mail - pot murdar, gunoi
(material publicitar care ajunge,
nesolicitat, n cutia potala)
~ shop - magazin de vechituri
juridic(al) adj. juridic; legal
~ address - adres legal
jurisconsult s. jurisconsult
jurisdiction s. jurisdicie
jurisdictional adj. jurisdicional, de
jurisdicie
~ strike - (SUA) grev de delimitare

(grev cauzat de confictul aprut

ntre sindicate cu privire la ce
categorie de muncitori ar trebui s
execute anumite tipuri de lucrr)
juristic(al) adj. juridic
~ act - act juridic
~ person - persoan juridic
just adv. tocmai, anume
- -in-time - metoda n timpi reali
(tehnic de control menit s
diminueze volumul stocurilor pe care o
societate cu profil de producie trebuie
s le pstreze)

K
Kaffrs 5. pl. actiuni ale societilor din
Africa de Sud (mai ales din sectorul
extraciei de aur)
Kangaroos s. pl. aciuni ale societilor
din Australia {din sectorul minier, al
prelucrrii tutunului, al exploatrii
agricole etc.)

keel s. (mar.) 1. chil 2. lep de crbuni

3. unitate de msur pentru crbuni (27,
54 tone)
~ draft / draught - pescaj maxim / de
construcie
keelage s. tax portuar
keen adj. 1. intens, acerb 2. competitiv,
sczut (despre preurl)
~ competition - concuren acerb
keep s, ntreinere, subzisten;
cheltuieli de ntreinere v.t. 1. a ine, a
avea (un magazin) 2. a ine (mrfuri n
stoc pentru vnzare) 3. a ine
(contabilitatea, evidend) 4. (back) a
reine (o sum dn) v.i. (up) a se
menine ridicat {despre preur)
keeper s. 1. paznic; custode 2.
proprietar (al unui magazin)
~ of the records - arhivar; grefier
keg s. butoia (5-70 galoane)
kerb s. bordur, margine (a
trotuarului)
~ exchange Bursa American de
Valori

~ market - burs neoficial

~ prices - curs la bursa neoficial
~ (-stone) broker - broker neoficial
~ trade - comert stradal
key s. cheie adj. important, esenial, de
baz
~ currency - moned-cheie
~ industry - industrie-cheie / de baz
~ money - acont (pltit la semnarea
contractului de nchiriere)

kilogram(m)e s. kilogram
kilderkin s. butoia (16-18 galoane)
kind s. fel, categorie, calitate
to pay in~ - a plti n natur
kite s. cambie de complezen v.i. a
folosi o cambie de complezen
~ flyng - folosire a unei cambii de
complezen
knitter s. 1. muncitor tricoter 2. main
de tricotat
knitting s. 1. tricotare 2. mpletitur,
lucru de mn
knitwear s. tricotaje
knock s. lovitur; oc v.t. 1. a bate, a
lovi 2. (down) a adjudeca (la Ucitaie);
a reduce, a micora (preul) 3. (off) a nceta
(lucrul); a scdea (preul) ~ for - knock
agreement - acord prin care societile de
asignrare acord despgubiri n caz de
accidente autofard a delimita rspunderile

L
label s. 1. etichet 2. marca fabricii v.?.
a eticheta
labeller s. main de etichetat
labo(u)r s. 1. munc (grea); munc
fizic 2. mn de lucru, muncitori 3.
clasa muncitoare v.i. a munci, a lucra
~ code - codul muncii
~ contract - contract de munc
~ dispute - conflict de munc
~ exchange - oficiul fortelor de munc
~ force - fort de munc
~ grading - ncadrare ntr-o categorie
de salarizare
~ hoarding - angajare de fort de
munc excedentar (pentru a evita
lipsa acesteia n viitor)

~ -intensive - consumator de fort de

munc (despre ramurile i activitile
industriale care necesit un volum
mare defor de munc)
~ legislation - legislaia muncii
~ market - piaa fortei de munc
~ mobility - mobilitate a fortei de
munc
~ of love - munc gratuit
~ protection - protectia muncii
~ relations - relaii de munc (intre
patronat i salariai sau sindicate)

~ safety rules - norme de securitatea

muncii
~ - saving - care reduce forta de munc
sau mrete productivitatea muncii
~ turnover - fluctuaie a forei de
munc
~ union - sindicat muncitoresc

~ wastage pierdere de for de munc (din

cauza angajailor care demisio-neaz din
motive personale) labo(u)rer s. muncitor
necalificat;
muncitor
laches s. (dr.) nerespectare a terme-nului
legal; ntrziere nejustificat lade v.t. a
ncrca (mrfuri) laden adj. ncrcat
~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj la plin
ncrcare
~ in bulk - ncrcat m vrac (despre o nava)
lading s. 1. ncrcare 2. ncrctur;
caric
lag v.i. (behind) a nregistra restane; a se
dezvolta ncet
lagan
^.
(dr.)
ncrctur/marfa
aruncat m mare {balizat n vederea
recuperri)
laker s. nav de lacuri; nav (care
navigheazpe Marile Lacuri) lame adj.
chiop, infirm ~ duck - speculant care a
pierdut (la burs) o sum mare de bani;
societate falimentar (subvenionat de
stat), barza chioar"
land s. pmnt, teren; proprietate funciar
v.t. a debarca; a descrca (mrfur} ~ act legea fondului funciar
agent - agent imobiliar;
administrator (al unei proprieti
agricole}

~ bank - banc agricol/de credit

funciar

LAN-LAW

~ betterment/improvement - mbuntiri funciare

~ carriage - transport pe uscat ~ offce (SUA) - cadastru, carte funciar
~ reform - reform agrar ~ registry cadastru, carte fiinciar ~ rent - rent
funciar ~ survey - ridicare topografic ~
tax - impozit funciar ~ use - agrotehnic ~
waiter - (mar.) controlor vamal landed
adj. funciar ~ property - proprietate
funciar landing s. descrcare (de mrfur)
~ book - registru al mrfurilor descrcate
~ certificate - certificat de descrcare ~
dues - taxe de descrcare ~ offcer controlor vamal ~ order - permis vamal de
descrcare ~ stage - dan plutitoare; ramp
de descrcare
~ weight - greutate (a mrfurilor) la
descrcare
landlord s. 1. proprietar de pmnt (care
d teren n arenda) 2. proprietar al unui
imobil (pe care l nchiriaz);
patron de hotel, hotelier; hangiu
landlordism s. sistem al marii
proprieti funciare
lapse s. 1. decdere din dreptun 2.
pierdere a valabilitii v.i. 1. (dr.) a
decdea din drepturi 2. a-i pierde
valabilitatea; a expira, a se termina
{despre o poli de asigurare)
larceny s. (dr.) furt
last adj. ultim s. last (unitate de
msur pentru capacitate)
~ - in, frst-out - (cont.) ultimul intrat,
primul ieit (metod de control al

175

stocurilor care presnpune c ultimele

mrfuri cumprate vor f utilizate
primele n procesul de producie)
~ sale - (bur.) ultima vnzare
lastage (mar.) 1. ncrctur, balast 2.
capacitate de ncrcare
latent adj. latent; ascuns
~ defect - defect/viciu ascuns
~ partner - comanditar
lateral adj. lateral, orizontal
~ integration - integrare orizontal
laundering s. splare (a banilor)
law s. 1. lege; legislaie 2. drept;
jurispmden
~ adviser - consilierjuridic ~ case
- proces civil
~ court - instan de judecat; tribunal ~
department - contencios ~ merchant drept comercial ~ of nations - drept
intemaional ~ of property - legislaia
privind proprietatea
~ of the sea - drept maritim to carry
out/to put into force a ~ - a aplica o lege
to evade the - - a eluda legea to hold good
in - - a fi ntemeiat din punct de
vederejuridic to give effect to a ~ - a pune
o lege n vigoare
to keep/to observe the ~ - a respecta legea
to possess force of -a avea putere de
lege
lawful adj. legal, licit ~ merchandise mrfuri licite ~ money - moned legal ~
trade - comert licit lawfulness s. legalitate
lawless adj. nelegal, ilicit lawsuit s.
aciune judiciar, proces

176

lawyer s. 1. avocat 2. jurist

lay v.t. 1. a impune, a fixa (preuri,
impozite etc.) 1. (aside, by) a strnge, a
acumula 3. a rezerva, a pune deoparte
(mrfur) pn la achitarea sau
solicitarea lor 4. (down) a formula, a
stabili (reguli, principu) 5. (in, up) a
strnge, a aduna (provizii); a depozita,
a nmagazina (mrfuri} 6. (off) a
concedia (temporar) 7. (out) a cheltui
(bani); a expune (mrfur} 8. (over) a
amna
~ days - (mar.) stalii
layout s. plan, proiect; machet
lead s. conducere; comand, directiv
v.t. a conduce, a dirija
~ time - timp total (in gestiunea
stocurilor, timpul scurs de la
efectuarea unei comenzi i pn la
ndeplinirea ei sau timpul necesar
pentrn a determina un consumator s
cumpere)
leader s. 1. conductor, ef; lider 2.
editorial, articol de fond (n ziar) 3.
(com.) lider {articol vndut ieftin
pentru a atrage clienteld) 4. (biir.)
actiune atractiv (frecvent tranzacinata)

leading adj. principal, de prim

importan s. conducere, dirijare
~ and lagging - anticipare i
temporizare (indicatorii activitii
economice naionale sunt fie
previzionai, fie confrmai, dup
producerea transformrilor)
~ article - editorial, articol de fond (in
ziar)
~ hand - ef de echip; marinar
brevetat
~ underwriter - asigurtor principal
~ vessel - nav-cap de convoi

LAW-LEG

leaflet s. prospect, brour; foaie

volant
leakage s. l.scurgere 2. (com.) reducere de pre acordat pentru pierderile
prin scurgere
~ loss - pierdere prin scurgere
lease s. 1. nchiriere; arendare; chirie;
arend 2. contract de nchiriere sau
arendare v.t. a nchira, a arenda
to let out on ~ - a da cu chirie; a da n
arend
to take on ~ - a lua cu chirie; a lua n
arend
leas.eback s. leaseback (practica prin
intermediul creia o firm vinde unei
societi financiare sau imobiliare o
proprietate care i aparfine i apoi o
nchiriaz imediat de la aceastd)
leasehold s. proprietate luat cu chirie
sau n arend adj. nchiriat; arendat
~ mortgage - ipotecare a proprietii
nchiriate; (SUA) ipotec prin nchiriere
~ property - proprietate nchiriat
leaseholder s. chiria; arenda
leasing s. leasing (sistem definanare a
investiiilor prin care o fnn nchiriaz maini i utilaje moderne de la
societi specializate)
ledger s. (cont.) cartea mare, registru
de partizi, maestru
~ account - cont din cartea mare
legacy ^. motenire
~ duty - tax succesoral
legal adj. 1. legal 2. juridic
~ access - (dr.) acces legal (dreptul
unor persoane de a intra pe o
proprietate, de a avea acces la unele
documente)
~ action - aciune n justiie
~ address - adres juridic
~ adviser - consilierjuridic

LEG-LET

- assets - (dr.) activ succesoral

- capacity - capacitate legal ~ charge ipotec
-- charges - onorariu al avocatului
~ constraint - restricie legal
~ day - zi legal (zi complet care
dureaz pna la miezul nopii, moment
pn cnd un debitor are termen legal
pentru a-i achita datoria scadenta)
~ delivery - punere n posesie din
punct de vedere legal/juridic
~ department - contencios
~ entity - persoanjuridic
~ estate - proprietate legal
~ expert -jurisconsult
~ holiday - srbtoare legal
~ investments - (SUA) investiii legale
(titluri de valoare sub administrare
fiduciar)
~ monopoly - monopol legal
~ mortgage - ipotec legal
~ notice - notificare
~ person - persoanjuridic
~ quay - chei vamal
~ remedy - compensaie, reparaie,
despgubire
~ reserve - rezerv legal (yaloarea
minim a lichiditii pe care o banca
este obligatprin lege s o deina)

~ settlement - (dr.) concordat

~ status - personalitatejuridic
~ tender - mijloace legale de plat
~ title - titlu legal de proprietate
legalize v.t. a legaliza; a autentifica
legate v.t. (dr.) a lega, a testa
legatee s. (dr.) legatar
legator s. (dr.) testator
legislation s. legislaie
leisure s. timp liber, rpaz adj. liber,
neocupat
~ industry - industria timpului liber

177

lend v.t., v.i. a mprumuta, a da cu

mprumut
lendable adj. care poate fi mprumutat
lender s. creditor
~ of the last resort - creditor n ultim
instan (rol jucat de banca central a unei
ri)
less adj., adv. mai puin ~ developed
countries/nations - ri subdezvoltate
~ - than-carload/truckload consign-ment
- expediere subvagonal lessee s. chiria;
arenda lessor s. persoan care d cu chirie
sau n arend
let s. nchiriere, dare cu chirie v.. (i ~ off,
out) a hchiria, a da cu chirie letter s.
scrisoare
~ ofadvice - scrisoare de avizare, aviz ~ of
allotment - aviz de atribuire a aciunilor
~ of application - scrisoare/formular de
cerere de subscriere la aciuni ~ of
appointment - scrisoare de numire (intrun pos) ~ of attorney - procur ~ of
comfort
scrisoare
de
sprijin/
recomandare (pentfu obinerea unui
mprumut)
~ of concern - scrisoare de preocupare
(trimis de banc unui client cu dificulti
fnanciare)
~ of credit - acreditiv, scrisoare de credit
~ of deposit - scrisoare/conventie de
depunere (ca garanie) ~ of hypothecation
- scrisoare de gaj ~ of indenmity scrisoare de garanie ~ of inquiry scrisoare de cerere de ofert; scrisoare de
cerere de informaii ~ of intent - scrisoare
de intenie

178

~ of introduction/recommendation scrisoare de recomandare

~ of lien - scrisoare de acordare a
dreptului de retenie
~ of procuration - procur; mandat
~ of regret - scrisoare de scuze (pentru
respingerea cererii de subscriere la
aciuni)

~ of reminder - scrisoare de revenire

~ of renunciation - scrisoare de
renunare (la atribuirea de aciuni)

~ s of administration - procur de
administrare (a averii unei persoane

decedate)
~ s of credence - scrisori de acreditare

~ s patent - brevet de invenie

letterhead s. antet; scrisoare sau hrtie
cu antet
letting s. proprietate nchiriat
level s. nivel v.t. a egaliza, a uniformiza
~ of living - (SUA) standard de via
~ of prices - nivel al preurilor
~ payment amortization - amortizare
n sume fixe
~ tendering - ofert secret/ilicit,
coluziune {nelegere secret a mai
multor frrne care sunt oficial n

concuren)
leverage s. (fn.) (SUA) efect de
prghie (rata de ndatorare n raport
cu fondurile proprii ale unei companii)

leviable adj. impozabil

~ person - persoan impozabil
~ tax - impozit care poate fi perceput
levy s. 1. percepere de impozite; sum
impus 2. sechestru judiciar 3.
cotizaie, contribuie v.t. a strnge, a
percepe (impozite) v.i. 1. a percepe
impozite 2. a lua n posesie o
proprietate (fn baza unei hotrri
judectoret}

LET-LIE

liability s. 1. rspundere 2. obligaie,

angajament 3. pl. (cont.) pasive
~ insurance - asigurare de rspundere
civil
~ limit - despgubire maxim (pltit
de asigurtor)

management
managementul
pasivelor (politica bncilor de atragere a
fondurilor
prin
ratele
dobnzilor
practicate)
~ reserve - fond de rezerv pentru datorii
to incur a ~ - a contracta o obligaie to
meet one's liabilities - a-i ndeplini
obligaiile
liable adj.
1.
(for) rspunztor
pentru/de 2. (to) obligat s; pasibil de
liberalism s. liberalism liberalization s.
liberalizare
(a schimburilor comerciale
internaionale prin nlturarea barierelor
de natur economic sau politic ori a
acordrii creditelor prin eliminarea
controlului exercitat de stat asupra
dobnzilor, cursurilor de schimb etc.)
licence s. licen; autorizaie license v.t. a
autoriza, a elibera o licen/autorizaie
licensee s. deintor/titular al unei
autorizaii/licene
licenser s. persoan/autoritate care acord
autorizaii/licene licensor v. licenser lien
s. (dr.) drept de retentie ~ clause - clauza
dreptului de retenie ~ holder - beneficiar
al unui drept de retenie
~ on cargo - drept de retentie asupra mrfii
- on shares - drept de retenie asupra
aciunilor

179

UE-LIM

Benee s. debitor (supus unui drept de

retenie)
lienor s. creditor (beneficiar al unui
drept de retenie)
life s. 1. via 2. durat de functionare/
serviciu {a unui utilaj etc.) adj. pe
via; viager
~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate viager
~ assurance/insurance - asigurare de
via
~ assurance/insurance company societate de asigurri de via
~ cycle - ciclu de via (al produsulu)
~ - cycle costing - evaluare a costurilor
exploatrii pe durata de via (a unui
utilaj)
~ estate - proprietate n folosin pe
via
~ expectancy - (asig.) speran de
via
~ income - rent viager
~ interest - (dr.) uzufmct viager
~ office - societate de asigurri de via
~ pension - pensie viager
~ style - stil de via {corespunztor
unui anumit segment depia)
~ tables - statistica speranei de via
~ tenant - (dr.) chiria sau arenda pe
via
ligan v. lagan
light adj. uor
~ cargo - caric uor
~ cargo ship / vessel - cargou de
mrfuri uoare
~ crude (oil) - iei uor / parafinos
~ displacement - deplasament al navei
goale
~ draft / draught - pescaj de nav fr
ncrctur
~ dues - taxe de far / balizaj
~ goods - mrfuri uoare

~ grain - cereale uoare {ovz, orz,

semine de bumbac)
~ industry - industria uoar
~ lorry / truck - camionet
~ naphtha - benzin uoar
~ oils - produse petroliere albe
~ passage - cltorie n balast (a
petrolierelor i a mineralierelor)

~ - ship condition - far marf (stare

deplutire a naveifr marf i balast)

~ - ship displacement - deplasament

al navei goale / fr marf
~ ship weight - greutate a navei
goale
lighter s. lep de alimbare; mahon;
aland v.t. a transporta pe lepuri /
mahoane
~ berth - dan pentru lepuri
lighterage s. (mar.) 1. alimbare,
mahonare 2. cheltuieli de alimbare /
mahonare
~ policy - poli de asigurare a
alimbrii
~ wharf - chei pentru mijloace de
alimbare / mahonare
lightning s. fulger adj. fulgertor, rapid
~ strike - grev - fulger / declanat
spontan
lightweight adj. uor
~ tonnage - (mar.) greutate a navei
goale
limit s. 1. limit 2. pre-limit v.t. a
limita; a restrnge
~ of credit - limit de credit
to keep within the ~s - a se menine
ntre anumite limite
limitation s. 1. limitare 2. restricie,
rezerv, calificare 3. (rfr.) prescripie
(extinctiv')

~ of actions - prescripie extinctiv

~ of liability - limitare a rspunderii

180

limited adj. 1. limitat 2. cu rspundere

limitat
~ and reduced - cu rspundere
limitat i capital redus
~ branching (SUA) ramificare limitat
(legi care Umiteaz nfiinarea
sucursalelor bancare)

~ by guarantee - limitat la suma

garantat de acionari (despre
rspunderea acionarilor}

~ by shares - limitat la capitolul

subscris (despre rspunderea acionarilor)

~ cheque - cec cu limit de sum

~ legal tender - mijloace legale
limitate de plat
~ letter of credit - acreditiv limitat
~ liability - rspundere limitat
~ (liability) company - societate cu
rspundere limitat
~ market - pia restrns
~ monarchy - monarhie constitutional
~ order - (bur.) ordin limitat (de a
cumpra sau de a vinde titluri de
valoare n limitele unei anumite
fluctuaii a cursurilor)
~ partner - comanditar

~ partnership - societate m comandit

~ policy - poli de asigurare limitat
(care asigur numai anumite riscur)
~ price - (bur.) curs limitat
line s. 1. linie (de comunicaie) 2.
domeniu, bran, ramur 3. linie, gam
(de articole, mrfur} 4. (bur.) pachet
(mare) de aciuni (cumprat sau vndut
de un singur investitor)
and
staff
management
management de conducere i personal
(grupul de manageri care organizeaz
producia i serviciile ntr-o companie)

LIM-LIQ

~ extension - extindere a liniei de

produse
~ filling - diversificare a liniei de
produse
~ of business - bran / ramur de
afaceri
~ of command - (man.) linie de
comand
~ of credit - linie de credit
~ production - producie n flux
linear adj. liniar
~ reduction of tarifs - reducere
liniar/orizontal a taxelor vamale
(reducerea cu acelai procent a tuturor
taxelor vamale ale rilor participante
la o rund de negocieri comerciale)
liner s. nav sau avion de linie / curse
regulate
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament de
linie
~ company - companie de nave de
linie
~ conference - cartel al armatorilor de
nave de linie
~ rates - (mar.) navluri de linie
~ shipping - navigaie regulat / de
linie
~ terms condiii de linie
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor de linie
linertime s. (mar.) linertime (denumire
de cod a contractului de navlosire pe
timp)
link s. verig (subdiviziune a lanului
de msurri topografce)
liquid adj. lichid
~ assets - active lichide / disponibile,
disponibiliti
~ capital - capital lichid / circulant,
fond de rulment
~ market - pia lichid

UQ-LOA

liquidate v.t. 1. a lichida, a achita (o

datorie) 2. a lichida, a desfiina (o
ntreprindere) v.i. 1. a-i plti datoriile 2. a
intra n lichidare (despre o ntreprindere)
3. a-i desface mrfurile (fr a reface
stocul)
liquidated adj. lichidat, achitat;
desfiinat
~ damages - daune contractuale
~ demurrage - (mar.) contrastalii
contractuale
liquidation s. 1. lichidare, achitare (a
unei datorii) 2. desfiinare (a unei
ntreprinder)

to be in - - a fi n lichidare
to go into ~ - a intra n lichidare
liquidator s. (dr.) lichidator
liquidity s. (fm.) lichiditate
~ preference - preferin pentru
lichiditi (dorina de a deine bani
lichizi)

~ ratio - coeficient de lichiditate

(raportul dintre activele Uchide i
datoriile curente ale uneifirme)

~ risk - risc de lichiditate (incapacitatea intermediarilor financiari de a

onora obligaiile financiare pe termen
scurt)

~ trap - capcana lichiditilor (situaie

aprut atunci cnd dobnzile pentru
obligaiuni sunt att de sczute, nct
posibilii ihvestitori opteaz pentru
deinerea de numerar)
list s. list; tabel; inventar; borderou;
registru, catalog v.t. a nscrie pe list, a
nregistra; (bur.) a cota, a lista
~ of goods - list / nomenclator de
mrfuri
~ of quotations - buletin bursier
~ of shortage - specificaie de lipsuri
la predare (despre marfa)

181

~ price - pre de catalog

listed adj. cotat, listat (la burs)
~ company - societate cotat
~ shares - aciuni cotate
listless adj. (bur.) inactiv
litigant adj. litigios, n litigiu s. parte
litigiant
~ parties - prti n litigiu
litigate v.i. a fi n litigiu, a se judeca
litigation s. litigiu, diferend
litigious adj. litigios
live adj. viu

~ broadcast - emisiune n direct

~ cattle - animale / vite vii (categorie
de marfa)
~ weight - greutate vie (a animalului
nainte de tiere)

livelihood s. mijloace de trai;

subzisten, ntreinere
lively adj. (bur.) activ

~ market - pia activ / animat

livestock s. eptel, inventar viu
~ dealer - negustor de vite
~ farm - ferm zootehnic
living adj. viu s. 1. via, existen 2.
mijloace de trai
~ debt - datorie (public) productiv
(imprumut investit de stat n active
productive}

~ essentials - articole de prim

necesitate
~ standard - standard de via, nivel
de trai
~ wage - salariu de subzisten
to earn one's ~ - a-i ctiga existena
load s. 1. sarcin; ncrctur; (mar.)
caric 2. load (unitate de msura pentru
capacitate) v.t. a ncrca v.i. a ncrca,
a lua ncrctur
~ capacity - capacitate de ncrcare
~ coeffcient - coeficient de ncrcare

182

~ displacement - (mar.) deplasament de

plin ncrcare
~ draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj de plin
ncrcare
~ line / mark - (mar.) linie / marc de
ncrcare
~ pack - bal, balot de iparf ~ per unit ncrcaf'e per unitate de spatiu
~ waterline - (mar.) linie de plutire de
plin ncrcare
~ watermark - (mar.) marc de ncrcare /
bord liber loaded adj. ncrcat
~ arrival - sosire cu ncrctur i cu
plinurile consumate (despre nava) ~
condition - stare de ncrcare (a navei)
~ departure - plecare cu ncrctur i cu
plinurile facute (despre nava) ~ passage /
voyage - cltorie cu caric la bord
(asig.)
prim
premium
suplimentar
~ price - pre ncrcat / exagerat loader s.
ncrctor, hamal; docher, muncitor portuar
loading s. 1. ncrcare 2. ncrctur;
(mar.) caric 3. (asig.) prim
suplimentar
~ berth - dan de ncrcare
~ broker - agent de ncrcare
~ capacity - capacitate de ncrcare
~ charges / expenses - cheltuieli de
ncrcare
contractor - antreprenor de ncrcare
~ days - (mar.) stalii fixe, zile contractuale
de ncrcare ~ facilities - mijloace /
instalaii de ncrcare

LOA

~ gauge - gabarit de ncrcare

~ gear - instalaie de ncrcare
~ hand - ncrcare manual; echip de
ncrcare manual
~ hatch - gur de magazie, bocaport
~ in bulk - ncrcare n vrac
~ in turn - ncrcare la rnd
~ order - ordin/dispoziie de ncrcare
~ rate - norm de ncrcare
~ time - perioad de ncrcare
~ turn - rnd la ncrcare
loan s. dare cu mpmmut; mprumut,
credit v.t. a mprumuta, a da cu
mprumut
~ account - cont de credit
~ administrator / officer - inspector
de credit
~ against security / on collateral mprumut pe baz de garanie
~ amortization schedule - program de
amortizare a mprumutului
~ capital - capital n obligaiuni
~ club / society - societate de credit
(cufonduri constituite din vrsmintele
membrilor)
~ loss provision - provizion pentru
pierderi de credite
~ market - pia financiar (a
mprumuturilor pe termen mediu i
lung); pia monetar (a mprumuturilor pe termenfoare scurt)
~ note / stock - titlu de crean
~ office - cas de mpmmut; cas de
amanet
~ schedule - program de ealonare a
creditului
~ shark - cmtar
~ submission - documentaie de credit
- syndicate - sindicat de credit
~ value - valoare de rscumprare (a
unei polie de asigurare)

LOA-LON

to float a ~ - a lansa un mprumut

to grant a ~ - a acorda un mpmmut
to issue a ~ - a emite un mprumut
loanable adj. de mprumut, care poate
fi mprumutat
loaner s. creditor
local adj. local; regional
~ agent - agent (comercial) local
~ authority / body / government administraie local
~ authority bond - obligaiune
municipal
~ bank - banc regional, sucursal
~ board - consiliu de admimstraie
regionil
~ budget - buget local / regional
~ director - membru al unui consiliu
de administraie regional
~ financial co-operative - cooperativ
de credit local
~ industry - industrie local
~ tax - impozite locale / municipale
~ time - ora local
~ trade - comert local / regional
~ union - comitet sindical (de
ntreprindere)
localization s. 1. localizare 2.
descentralizare
~ of industry - localizare a industriei
(proces opus globalizrii)
location s. amplasare
~ theory - teoria amplasrii (factori i
criterii care determin amplasarea
capacitilor industriale ntr-o anumit
zon)

lock s. ecluz v.t. 1. (away, up), a

bloca, a imobiliza (un capitat) 2. (out)
a declara lockout
lockage s. 1. ecluzare, trecere prin
ecluz 2. taxe de ecluzare
~ tolls - taxe de ecluzare

183

lockaway v. lockup
lockout s. lockout, grev patronal
(inchiderea fabricii de ctre patronat
pe o anumit perioad pentru a nu
satisface revendicrile salariailor)
lockup s. 1. investiie pe termen lung
2. capital blocat / imobilizat
lodge v.t. 1. a gzdui, a caza 2. a
depune, a depozita, a ncredina spre
pstrare (acte, valori) 3. a mputemici
4. a depune (o plngere); a oferi
(informaii) 5. (despre vnt, ploaie) a
culca, a dobor (holdele) v.i. a locui (cu
chirie}
lodger s. chiria, locatar
lodging s. 1. gzduire, cazare 2.
locuin, cas; pl. camere sau
apartamente cu chirie / de nchiriat
~ house - cas cu apartamente sau
camere de nchiriat
logging v. lumbering
logistics s. logistic
long adj. 1. lung 2. (bur.) cumprat n
sperana creterii cursului (despre
pachete de aciuni, partizi de mrfur)
s. 1. speculant la hausse 2. pl. titluri
de valoare pe termen lung
~ -dated bill - cambie pe termen lung
~ day - zi de lucru cu ore suplimentare
~ dozen - (com.) duzin mare (cu 13
buci)

~ hedging - hedging realizat prin

cumprarea de contracte futures
~ hundred - (com.) 120 de buci
~ lease - concesionare pe termen lung
~ position - (bur.) acoperire excedentar (cumprarea unui numr mai mare
de titluri dect potfi vndute)

~ price - pre mare

~ rate - dobnd pentru cambiile pe
termen lung

184

~ -term investment - investiie pe

termen lung
~ -term liabilities - datorii pe termen
lung
~ ton - ton lung / englez
to be ~ - (bur.) a specula la hausse
longshoreman s. docher, muncitor
portuar
loose adj. 1. desfcut, neambalat
(despre marfa) 2. mrunt (despre ban}
~ bulk cargo - caric / ncrctur n
vrac

~ cash / change / money - mmni,

bani mmni
~ collected - risipiri colectate (marjd
scurs din ambalaje, dar nc
vandabila)

~ goods - mrfuri neambalate /

desfacute
~ - leaf - cu foi libere / detaabile
(despre calendare, registre etc.)
~ standard - norm nerigid
loropron. loro
~ account - cont loro (cont deschis de
o banc din strintate pentru
corespondentul sau dintr-o alt ar cu

scopul de nregistra sumele care se

ncaseaz n folosul su)
lorry s. 1. (auto)camion 2. vagon-platform; vagonet
~ tractor - tractor - remorcher
~ -trailer combination - tren rutier,
ansamblu autocamion - remorc
lose v.t., v.i. a pierde
loser s. persoan care pierde, pguba
loss s. pierdere; pagub; prejudiciu,
daun
~ allowance - norm de pierderi
admise
~ and gain / profit account - (cont.)
cont de pierderi i profit

LON-LOW

~ leader - articol vndut n pierdere

(penru a atrage clientela)

~ maker - afacere / societate care

produce pierderi
~ -of-profits policy - poli de
asigurare indirect / contra pierderii
profitului
~ ratio - rata pierderilor (raportul
dintre primele ncasate i despgubirile pltite de o societate de
asigurr)
lost adj. pierdut
~ days - zile (de lucru) pierdute (din
cauza unui conflict de munca)

~ or not lost - (asig. mar.) pierdut sau

nepierdut
~ property - obiecte pierdute (intr-un
loc public)
~ space - spaiu mort / pierdut {din
cauw stivuirii defectuoase)

~ time - timp mort; ntrerupere a

lucrului
lot A'. 1. lot 2. parcel, lot (de teren) 3.
cot, parte 4. {bur.) pachet (de aciuni);
partid de (mrfur) 5. tax, impozit v.t.
(i ~ out) a mprti n loturi; a parcela
~ money - comision per lot (yndut la
licitaie)
~ of goods - partid de mrfuri
~ production - producie n serie
~ -quality cost - cost al calitii pe lot
~ -size inventory - inventar pe stocuri
lottery s. loterie
~ bond - obligaiune cu ctiguri
~ sampling - eantionare prin tragere
la sorti
low adj. 1. sczut, redus (despre
preuri, tarife) 2. inferior (despre
caliate) 3. insuficient (despre stocuri,
rezeve) adv. la pre sczut / redus, ieftin

LOW-LUX

~ -class / - grade - de calitate

inferioar
~ -duty goods - mrfuri cu tarif vamal
sczut
~ freight - (mar.) navlu sczut
~ - involvement product - produs cu
implicare sczut (pe care cumprtorul se hotrte uor s-l achiziionei.e)

~ - measurement goods - mrfuri cu

volum redus
~ offer - ofert la pre sczut
~ quality - calitate inferioar
~ season - sezon mort
~ stocks - stocuri insuficiente
to buy ~ - a cumpra ieftin
to run ~ - a se epuiza (despre rezerve,
stocur)

lower v.., v.i. a scdea, a (se) reduce

(despre preuri, tarife etc.)
lucrative adj. lucrativ, rentabil
lull s. (bur.) acalmie
lumber (SUA) s. cherestea; lemn de
construcie v.;'. a tia lemne
lumbering s. (SUA) 1. exploatare
forestier 2. comert de cherestea
lumberjack s. (SUA) muncitor forestier
lumberman v. lumberjack

185

lumbermill s. (SUA) fabric de cherestea

lumberyard s. {SUA) depozit de cherestea
lump s. 1. mas, grmad 2. bulgre;
minereu n bulgri 3. bloc de metal,
lingou; pies brut 4. gabar, alup
portuar adj. global; forfetar v.t. a
aduna, a strnge; a cumula, a reuni
~ coal - crbune-bulgri
~ ore - minereu-bulgri
~ sum - sum global / forfetar
~ -sum charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire cu navlu global / forfetar
~ -sum freight - (mar.) navlu global /
forfetar
~ -sum tax - impozit global/forfetar
to sell by / in the ~ - a vinde angro
lumper s. docher, muncitor portuar
luncheon s. mas de prnz
~ voucher - bon / tichet de mas
(oferit salariailor de firma unde
lucreaza)

luxury ^. 1. lux 2. articol de lux adj.

luxos, delux
~ article - articol de lux
~ tax - tax somptuar
~ trade - comert cu articole de lux

M
machine s main; mecanism,
dispozitiv v.t. a prelucra (mecanic), a
uzina
~ components/elements/parts - piese/
organe de maini
~ - hour rate - cost orar de
funcionare a mainii; cost orar de
inere la dispoziie a mainii
~ idle time - timp de nefuncionare a
mainii
~ industry - industria construciilor de
maini
~ loading - alocare de sarcini specifice
fiecrui utilaj (din cadrul fabricii)
~ man - mecanic; lctu mecanic
~ shop - atelier mecanic
~ tool - main - unealt
~ works - uzin constmctoare de
maini
machinery s. 1 pies/organ de main;
mecanism 2. utilaj; instalaie de
exploatare
-certiHcate - (mar.) certificat de
maini
machinist s. mecanic; mainist
macroeconomic adj. macroeconomic
~ analysis - analiz macroeconomic
macroeconomics s. macroeconomie
macromarketing s. macromarketing
magnate s. magnat
mail s. pot; coresponden adj. potal
v.t. a expedia prin pot
~ - in-premium - prim / avantaj
oferit() contra expedierii unui bon
(care dovedete achiziionarea unor
produse)

~ order - (com.) comand prin pot

~ - order catalogue - catalog de
oferte pentm comenzi prin pot
~ order house - firm cu vnzare pe
baz de comenzi prin pot
~ service - serviciu potal
~ transfer - transfer potal/letric
mailable adj. care poate fi expediat
prin pot
mailshot s. material publicitar potal
majority s. 1. majoritate 2. (dr.)
majorat
~ interests - participaie majoritar (la
o societate)
make s. 1. marc (de fabric); tip,
model; form, structur 2. produs 3.
producie v.t. 1. a face 2. (out) a redacta
(un contract); a elibera (un certificat); a
emite (un cec) 3. (over) a transfera, a
transmite 4. (up) a plti (o datorie); a
acoperi (un deficif); a ncheia (un bilan
contabil)

~ - work - comenzi/lucrri inutile

(pentru a evita trecerea muncitorilor n
omaj)

to ~ a market - a crea o pia

to ~ an award - a da o sentin {de
arbitraj)
to ~ good a loss - a compensa o
pierdere
to ~ good use of - a valorifica
to ~ payment - a plti
to -protest of a bill - a protesta o
cambie
maker s. 1. fabricant, productor 2.
emitent (al unui bilet la ordin)

MAK-MAN

~ 's name plate - plcua fabricii

constructoare
~ 's price - pre de fabric/productor
makeweight s. adaos/supliment la
greutate
maladministration s. proast administrare/conducere
malfeasance s. infraciune
man s. om v.t. a echipa, a arma (o
nav)
~ - hour - or-om (unitate de msur a
timpului de lucru)
manage v.t. a conduce, a administra
managed adj. administrat
~ currency/money - moned dirijat
~ exchange rate - curs de schimb
dirijat
~ fund - fond mutual administrat (de
manageri profesionit)

management s. management, conducere, administraie

~ accounting - contabilitate managerial (date n baza crora se asigur
conducerea, planificarea, sarcinile
administrative)

~ accounts - (cont.) conturi manageriale

~ appraisal - evaluare a eficienei
managerilor
~ buy-in - privatizarea unei societi
prin preluarea pachetului majoritar de
aciuni de ctre o echip managerial
din afara ei
~ buy-out - privatizarea unei societi
prin preluarea pachetului majoritar de
acuni de ctre conducerea existent

~ by exception - management prin

eliminare (a datelor nesemnificative
din bugete sau planuri n scopul unei
coreci)
~ by objectives - management prin
obiective (pentru o eficien sporit)

187

~ by principle - management bazat pe

principiul rezultatelor (bune sau rele) ~ by
walking about - management prin
prezen
-charges - cheltuieli de administraie i
regie
~ company - societate de management
(care administreaz mai multe fonduri
mutuale)
~ consultant - consultant managerial ~
development - dezvoltare manage-rial
~ discretion - calitate/competen a
conducerii de a lua decizii ~ engineering tehnologia manage-mentului, organizarea
conducerii ntreprinderii
~ game -joc/simulare de management ~
information system - sistem informatic de
gestiune ~ job description - descriere a
sarcinilor de serviciu ale unui director sau
specialist
~ ratio - rata managerilor (la 1000 de
lucrtor); date (sub forma diverselor rate
i raportur} la dispoziia condu-cerii
~ services - servicii inteme de consultan
managerial ~ shares - aciuni manageriale
~ style - stil de conducere ~ threshold prag de trecere de la un post de specialitate
la un post de conducere
manager s. 1. manager, director 2.
procurist, mandatar (imputernicit s
conduc o
afacere
n
interesul
creditorilor)
~ s' shares - aciuni manageriale
managerial adj. managerial ~ accounting
- contabilitate manage-rial ~ economics economie managerial

188

~ finance - fnane manageriale

~ grid - gril managerial (sistem de
evaluare a competenei manageriale)
managership s. conducere; funcie de
manager
managing adj. de conducere
~ board - consiliu de administraie
~ director - administrator delegat
~ owaer - (mar.) armator
- administrator
~ partner - asociat - administrator
~ staff- personal/cadre de conducere
mandatary s. mandatar
mandate s. mandat; procur, mputernicire
~ form - scrisoare cu semnturile
autorizate
mandatory adj. mandatat, mputemicit
s. mandatar
manhandle v.t. a manipula manual
(mrfuri)

manifest (mar.) s. manifest de mrfuri

ncrcate, declaraie de expediie v.t. a
nscrie (marfa) ntr-o declaraie de
expeditie
manifold s. manifold
manning s. ncadrare cu personal
~ agreement - acord de angajare (de
for de munc iiecesar pentru
anumite lucrri, ncheiat ntre
conducere i sindicate)

manpower s. fort de munc, mn de

lucru
manual adj. manual
~ labour/work - munc manual
mnufacture s. 1. fabricare, prelucrare
2. fabricat, produs 3. productie v.t. a
fabrica, a produce
manufacturer s. fabricant, productor;
industria
~ 's agent - fi-anizat (beneficiar al
unei licene defranizaj)

MAN-MAR

~ 's brand/mark - marca fabricii/

productorului
~ 's recommended price - pre
recomandat de productor
margin s. (bur., com cont.,fin.) marj
~ call/notice - (bur.) cerere de marj
{garanie oferit de client brokerulu)
~ lending - credit marginal {mprumut
oferit de o banc pe baza valorii
aciunilor deinute de solicitant)
~ of safety - (fin.) marj de siguran
(diferena dintre veniturile obinute din
vnzrile curente i cee reulizate la
pragul de rentabilitate)
~ requirement - (bur.) necesar de
marj (suma minim solicitat n
depozit tuturor deintorilor de
contracte futures)
~ trading - (bur.) tranzacii marginale
(cu plata jumtate n numerar,
jumtatepe credit)
marginal adj. marginal
~ analysis - analiz marginal
~ cost - cost marginal
~ cost producer - productor la costuri
marginale
~ effciency of capital - randament
marginal al capitalului
~ effciency of investment randament marginal al investiiei
~ land - sol marginal (a crui
producie este egal cu investiiile
facute)

~ product - produs marginal

~ productivity of capital productivitate marginal a capitalului
~ productivity of labour productivitate marginal a muncii
~ propensity to consume - nclinaie
marginal de a consuma
~ propensity to invest - nclinaie
marginal de a investi

MAR

~ propensity to save - nclinaie

marginal de a economisi
~ propensity to spend - nclinaie
marginal de a cheltui
- rate of substitution - rata marginal
de substituire
~ revenue - venit marginal
~ revenue product - produs al
ncasrilor marginale
~ seller - vnztor marginal (al crui
cost de producie este egal cu venitul
obinut din vnzri)
~ social product - produs social
marginal
~ tax rate - rata impozitului marginal
~ unemployment - omaj marginal
~ utility - utilitate marginal
mariculture s. maricultur
marine adj. marin; maritim s. marin;
flot maritim comercial
~ accident - accident maritim
~ adventure - risc maritim; expediie
maritim
~ board - comisie de acordare a
brevetelor, inspectorat maritim
~ engineer - ofier mecanic maritim;
constructor de maini navale
~ engineering - proiectare i
construcie de maini navale
~ fishery - pescuit maritim
~ insurance - asigurare maritim
~ insurance broker - agent de
asigurri maritime
~ insurance clause - clauz de
asigurri maritime
~ insurance company - societate de
asigurri maritime
~ insurance policy - poli de
asigurri maritime
~ insurance survey - expertiz de
asigurri maritime
~ law - drept maritim
~ risk - risc maritim

189

~ superintendent - inspector al
navelor de companie; inspector de
navigaie
~ surveyor - inspector de registru/
clasificare
~ syndicate - sindicat de asigurtori
maritimi
- terminal - terminal maritim
~ transport - transport maritim
~ underwriter - asigurtor maritim
maritime adj. maritim
~ adventure - risc maritim; expediie
maritim
~ commerce/trade - comert maritim
~ country - ar maritim; putere
maritim
~ court - tribunal maritim
~ exchange - camer de comert
maritim
~ fleet - flot maritim
~ jurisdiction -jurisdicie maritim
~ law - drept maritim
~ lien - drept de retenie i privilegiu
maritim
~ mortgage - ipotec maritim
~ navigation navigaie maritim
~ register - registru naval/maritim
~ risk - risc maritim
~ town - ora maritim
~ transport - transport maritim
mark s. 1. semn; marc (defabric) 2.
model, tip; calitate v.t. 1. a marca
(rnarfuri, produse) 2. a cota (aciuni) 3.

(down) a scdea preul 4. (up) a mri

preul
~ of origin - marc de origine
markdown ^. scdere a preului
marked adj. marcat
~ cheque - cec marcat (de banc
mpotriva falsificrii)

~ notes - bancnote marcate (pentru

organizarea unuiflagrant)
~ price - pre marcat/afiat

MAR

~ shares - aciuni marcate (al cror

certifcat de aciuni poart dovada
exercitrii drepturilor specifice) marker s.
1. semn, indicator 2. marcator; pontator
market s. 1. pia; trg 2. debueu;
cerere v.t. a vinde, a comercializa; a
lansa pe pia v.i. a face piaa/
trguielile
~ analysis - analiz de pia
~ averages - preuri medii pe pia
~ capitalization - capitalizare bursier
~ condition - conjunctur a pieei
~ day - zi de trg
~ demand - cerere pe pia
~ economy - economie de pia
~ fluctuations - fluctuan ale pieei
~ garden - grdin de legume/
zarzavaturi

~ gardening - legumicultur
~ house - hal (n pia)
~ leader - lider pe pia
~ maker - (bur.) creator de pia,
operator care face piaa
~ order - (bur.) ordin de a cumpra
sau de a vinde la preul pieei
~ overt - pia publio
~ penetration - ptrundere pe pia
~ portfolio - portofoliu de pia
(portofoliul tuturor oportunitilor
disponibile de investiii)
~ potential - potenial al pieei
~ price - pre al pieei
~ rate (of discount) - tax de scont
~ report - buletin bursier sau financiar
~ research/survey - studiu de pia
~ risk - (fin.) risc de pia (parte a
riscului unui titlu de valoare care nu
poatefi eliminat prin diversificare)
~ risk premium - (fin.) prim de risc
de pia
~ saturation - saturare a pieei

~ segmentation - segmentare a pieei

~ share - segment de pia
~ sharing - mprtire a pieei
~ structure - structur a pieei
~ - to-book ratio - raportul valoare de
pia - valoare contabil (yaloarea de
pia a aciunii mprit la valoarea
contabilpe acfiune)
~ town - ora unde se in trguri
~ value - valoare de pia
to capture the ~ a ctiga piaa
to find a ~ - a gsi un debueu
to find a ready ~ - a se vinde cu
uurin
to put on the ~ - a pune n vnzare
marketability s. 1. vandabilitate 2.
(fin.) grad de tranzacionare
~ premium - (fin.) prim de
negociabilitate/lichiditate
(prim
adugat de investitori la rata dobnzii
unui titlu de valoare pentru a
compensa lipsa unei piee de
tranzacionare a acestuid)
marketable adj. 1. vandabil 2. (fn.)
negociabil
~ output - producie-marf
~ value - valoare comercial
marketeer s. partizan/susintor al unei
piee
marketer s. cumprtor sau vnztor
pe o pia
marketing s. marketing
~ audit - audit de marketing
~ budget - buget de marketing
~ concept - concepie de marketing
~ management - managementul
marketingului
~ mix - mix de marketing (termen
general care cuprinde diversele
elemente ale procesului de marketing)

~ plan - plan de marketing

~ policy - politic de marketing -

MAR-MEA

~ research - studiu de pia,

cercetare/prospectare a pieei
markup s. adaos comercial, sum/
procentaj cu care preul de vnzare
depete preul de cost
mart s. 1. pia; trg 2. centru
comercial
mass s. mas, mulime
~ market - pia global
~ inedia - mass media
~ production - producie n serie
~ transit - transport public
to ~ - produce - a produce n serie
master s. 1. stpn, proprietar; patron
2. director, administrator 3. maistru,
meter 4. comandant de nav
comercial, cpitan de curs lung
~ builder - antreprenor de construcii
- copy - document original
~ mariner - comandant de nav
comercial
~ of the hold - ofier responsabil cu
ncrctura
~ porter - controlor de mrfuri
- sample - mostr statistic
~ 's certificate/licence - brevet de
cpitan de curs lung
~ 's entry - descrcare n contul altuia
~ 's mate - ofier secund
~ trust - fond mutual principal {care
investete n altefondur)
matched adj. echilibrat, compensat
~ order - ordin simultan (de cumprare de aciuni peste preul pieei i de
vnzare imediat la acelai pre pentru
a simula activitatea pe piaa bursier)
matching s. 1. echilibrare, compensare
2. aliniere (procesul prin care o banc
i coreleaz activul/creditele cu
pasivul/depozitele
~ duty - tax vamal de compensaie

191

mate s. 1. ofer secund (in marina

comercial) 1. ofier de punte (la
navele comerciale)

~ 's foul receipt - ordin de imbarco cu

meniuni
~ 's receipt - ordin de imbarco,
recipisa secundului
material adj. material s. 1. material;
materie 2. marfa; articol
~ damage - pagub material
~ man - magaziner
~ 's buyer - achizitor de materiale
~ 's control - gestiune a stocurilor
~ 's handling - manipulare a materialelor
mathematical adj. matematic
~ economics - econometrie
matrix^. matrice
~ management - matrice de conducere
(metod de conducere a firmelor
multinaionale care implic acordarea
responsabilitilor pentru sectoare din
activitatea companiei att organizaiei
naionale, ct i diviziilor deproducie)
~ structure - structur matriceal
mature adj. scadent v.i. a deveni
scadent, a ajunge la scaden/maturitate
maturity s. scaden, maturitate
~ yield - randament pn la maturitate
(rata dobnzii obinute la o obligaiune
dac aceasta este pstrat pn la
maturitate}

maximize v.t. a maximiza

maximum s. maxim(um) adj.
maxim(al)
~ price - pre maximal (stabilit de
guvem)
~ tariff - tarif maximal
~ value - valoare maxim
mean adj. mediu, mijlociu; mediocru s.
1. medie, valoare medie 2. (i pl.)
mijloc, cale, metod 3. pl. mijloace,
resurse, venituri, bani

MEA-MEE

~ draft/drught - (mar.) pescaj mediu ~

price - pre mediu ~ tare - tar comun ~ s
of payment - mijloace de plat ~ s test control al veniturilor/averii (pentru a vedea
dac se pot acorda unele faciliti fscale)
measure s. 1. msur; unitate de msur 2.
msur; metod v.t., v.i. a msura
- analysis - analiz volumetric ~ goods mrfuri voluminoase/de cubaj
~ of damages/indemnity - cuantum al
despgubirilor
~ s of retaliation - represalii measured
adj. msurat, stabilit ~ day work - norm
fixat zilnic (cu plata zilnic condiionat
de ndepli-nire); sistem de salarizare pe
baz de norme zilnice
measurement s. msurare ~ capacity capacitate volumetric ~ cargo caric/ncrctur de volum/cubaj
~ certificate - (mar.) certificat de tonaj ~
goods - mrfuri de volum/cubaj ~ mark marc de dimensiuni (pentru mrfuri)
~ ot areas - planimetrie ~ rate - (mar.)
navlu per volum ~ ton - (mar.) ton de
navlu/volum ~ tonnage - (mar.) tonajregistru measurer s. 1. msurtor 2.
dispozitiv de msurat
meat s. came (ca aliment) ~
carrier/ship/vessel - nav frigorific
(pentru transportul crni) ~ grower cresctor de vite (pentru tiere) ~ market hal de came

media s.pl. medii publicitare, mijloace de

reclam
~ broker - media broker (agenie care
cumpr cahipuri de spaiu n mediile
publicitare pentru a vinde ulterior acest
spaiu diverilor clieni) ~ buying cumprare de spain/timp n mediile
publicitare
mediate adj. intennediar v.t. a mijloci, a
media v.i. a fi mediator/intermediar ~
possession - (dr.) posesie interme-diar
mediator s. mijlocitor, mediator,
intermediar
medical adj. medical ~ certificate certificat medical ~ expenses policy poli de asigurare pentru cheltuielile
medicale ~ insurance - asigurri de
sntate medium s. 1. medie; cifr medie
2. mijloc, intermediu; metod, procedeu 3.
pl. titluri de valoare pe termen mediu adj.
mediu, mijlociu
~ - dated securities - titluri de valoare pe
termen mediu
~ of exchange - (fin.) mijloc/ instrument de
schimb ~ quality - calitate medie ~ - sized
- de mrime medie meet v.t. 1. a ntlni, a
se ntlni cu 2. a cunoate, a face cunotin
cu 3. a corespunde, a fi n concordan cu
4. a onora (p cambie, un cec etc.); a
ndeplini (o obligaie, un angajament)', a
acoperi (un de.ficit) 5. a contesta (o
reclamaie, o cerere) v.i. 1. a se ntlni 2. a
se ntruni (despre o comisie) to ~ smb.
half-way - a face concesii cuiva
to ~ with approval - a primi aprobare to ~
with losses - a suferi pierderi

MEE-MER

meeting s. ntlnire, ntrevedere;

adunare, edin ~ ofcreditors - adunarea
creditorilor
of shareholders
adunarea
acionarilor
member s. 1. membru 2. participant,
asociat; acionar
~ bank - banc membr a Casei de
Compensaie (din Londra), banc de
cliring; (SUA) banc membr a Sistemului
Federal de Rezerv ~ card - camet de
membru ~ country - ar-membr ~ fee cotizaie de membru ~ of a company acionar al unei companii
~ of the board - membru al consiliului de
administraie
-s' voluntary liqudation - lichidare
voluntar a acionarilor membership s. 1.
calitate de membru 2. numr de membri
~ rights - drepturi sociale (drepturi
conferite de statutul de acionar)
memorandum s. 1. memorandum, raport,
not; convenie, minut 2. not diplomatic
3. sumar al articolelor (unui contract) ~
book - agend, camet ~ buying - achiziie
condiionat ~ clause - (.asig.) clauz
de memorandum (de limitare a
rspunderu asigurtorului) ~ of
agreement - memorandum al acordului
(swnar al articolelor) ~ of association contract de societate ~ of satisfaction memorandum/not de achitare/ndeplinire
a obligaiilor (de ctre o societate)
mercantile adj. mercantil, comercial ~
agency - agenie comercial ~ agent agent comercial, comisionar ~ bank banc comercial

193

- exchange - burs de mrfuri ~ house cas de comert

- law - drept comercial
- marine - marin comercial
- paper - efect de comer
- port - port comercial
mercantilism s. mercantilism
mercer s. negustor de mercerie
mercery s. mercerie
merchandise s. marfa; mrfuri v.t. a
vinde, a comercializa v.i. a face comert
~ broker - agent comercial,
intermediar
~ mark - marca fabricii; marc de
comert
~ traffc - trafc de mrfuri
merchandiser s. merchandiser
merchandising s. merchandising,
(pre)comercializare, planificare a comercializrii unui produs (promovarea
vnzrlor prin publicitate la punctele
de desfacere cu amnuntul)

merchant s. 1. comerciant angrosist

(mai ales cu strintatea) 2.

comerciant; detailist adj. comercial

~ bank - banc comercial
~ fleet - flot comercial
~ law - drept comercial
- marine/navy - marin comercial
~ prince - mare comerciant
~ quantities - cantiti mari
~ shipper - armator-cumprtor
~ shipping - marin comercial;
transport de mrfuri pe mare
~ shipping law - drept maritim comercial
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor comerciale
merchantable adj. vandabil
~ quality - calitate vandabil/ comercial
merchantman s. nav comercial
merge v.i. a fuziona

MER-MIN

merger s. fuziune
~ accounting - contabilitatea fuziunii
~ broker - intennediar al fuziunii
~ company - societate constituit prin
fuziune
merging v. merger
messuage s. (dr.) cas cu dependine
metal s. metal
~ exchange - burs de metale
metallic adj. metalic
~ currency - moned metalic
metallurgic(al) adj. metalurgic
~ industry - industria metalurgic
metallurgy .y. metalurgie
method s. 1. metod, procedeu 2.
sistem, organizare
~ of financing - metod de finanare
~ s engineering - (man.) tehnica
metodelor
- s study - studiul metodelor (pentru
obinerea unei eficiene sporite i
reducerea costurilor)
~ s time measurement - msurare a
timpului {in munca manual)
me-too s. me-too (produs copiat dup
un model concurent cu succes pe pia)
metre .?. metru
metric adj. metric
~ system - sistem metric
~ ton - ton metric
metropolis s. metropol
microeconomics s. microeconomie
middle adj. mijlociu, mediu s. 1.
mijloc; medie 2. marfa de calitate
medie
~ class - clasa de mijloc
~ management - conducere la nivel
mediu
~ (market) price - (bur.) curs mediu
~ - sized - de mrime mijlocie
middleman s. intermediar, mijlocitor;
comisionar

middling adj. mijlociu, mediu s.pl.

produse de calitate medie/calitatea a
doua
migration s. migratie
~ of money - migraie a capitalului
mile s. mil (unitate de msur pentru
lungime)
mileage s. 1. distan/parcurs m mile 2.
tarif pe mil 3. indemnizatie de
deplasare (pe numr de mile)
~ expenses - cheltuieli de deplasare
(pe mil)
milking s. mulgere (strategie de marketing pe termen scurt care urmrete
obinerea rapid deprqfit)

mill s. 1. moar 2. fabric; filatur 3.

frez; laminor v.t. 1. a mcina 2. a
prelucra, a freza
miller s. 1. morar 2. main de frezat,
frez3. frezor
millwright s. 1. proiectant (al unei
fabrici) 2. montator, montor
milliner s. modist
millinery s. 1. plrii de dam;
galanterie 2. magazin de plrii de
dam sau articole de mod
millionaire s. milionar
mine s. min v.t. a extrage, a exploata
v.i. 1. a lucra n min 2. a efectua
lucrri miniere
~ ore - minereu brut
~ survey - topografie minier
miner s. miner
minim s. minim {unitate de msur
pentru capacitate)

minimize v.t. a minimaliza

minimum s. minim(um) adj. minim(al)
~ lending rate - rata minim a
dobnzii (pentru creditele acordate de
banca centrala)
~ margin requirements - (bur.)
acoperire minim necesar

MIN-MOB

~ price - pre minim {stabilit de

guvern)
~ reserve requirements - rezerv
minim obligatorie
~ wage - salariu minim
mining s. minerit; exploatare minier
~ and quarring - industria extractiv
~ engineer - inginer minier
~ fee - arend pentru concesiuni
miniere
~ industry - industria minier/ extractiv
~ right - concesiune minier
~ shares - aciuni ale societilor
miniere
minister s. ministru
~ plenipotentiary - ministm plenipoteniar
minstry s. minister
minor adj. minor; secundar, auxiliar s.
(dr.) minor
~ court - prima instan
~ expenses - cheltuieli minore
minority s. minoritate
~ interests - participaie minoritar
~ shareholders - acionari minoritari
mint s. 1. monetrie 2. sum mare {de
bani) v.t. a bate (moned), a fabrica
(bani)

~ Hne bars - lingouri monetare {de

aur, argint)
~ mark - marca monetriei
~ par/parity of exchange - (fin.)
paritate de schimb intrinsec / metalic
~ ratio - (fin.) raport bimetalic
mintage s. 1. batere de moned,
fabricare de bani 2. bani ai unei
emisiuni 3. cost al unei emisiuni
monetare 4. marc, imagine (imprimat
pemoneda)

misappropriation s. delapidare,
detumare (defonduri}

195

miscarrage s. pierdere, livrare greit

(a unei scrisori)

miscellaneous adj. amestecat, divers,

variat

~ contingencies - diverse i neprevzute (meniune la sfritul devizului

unei construcii)
~ goods - mrfuri diverse / variate
~ income - venit din diverse surse
misconduct s. administrare / conducere
proast v.t. a administra / a conduce
prost
misdeliver v.t. a livra greit
misdelivery s. livrare greit
misenter v.. (cont.) a nregistra greit
misentry s. (cont.) nregistrare greit
misfeasance s. (dr.) abuz de putere;
executare nelegal a unor drepturi legale
misgovern
v.t.
a
guvema
prost
misgovernment s. guvemare proast
mismanage v.t. a administra greit
mismanagement s. administrare gre-it /
incompetent
misrepresent v.t. a prezenta incorect /
inexact (date), a dezinfoi-ma mix s.
amestec; mrfuri diverse v.l. a amesteca, a
combina
mixed adj. mixt, amestecat, combinat ~
cargo - caric / ncrctur mixt() ~
cropping - cultur mixt ~ currency valut mixt (format din monede de
diferite metale i bancnote) ~ economy economie mixt
farming agricultur
mixt
(cultivarea pmntului i creterea
animalelor)
~ ownership - form de proprietate mixt
~ policy - (asig. mar.) poli mixt ~ train
- tren mixt (cw vagoane de marf i
cltor) mobility s. mobilitate

196

~ of capital - mobilitate a capitalului

~ of labour - mobilitate a fortei de
munc
mock adj. fals, simulat
~ auction - licitaie simulat (pentru a
urca preul)
moiety 5'. (rir.)jumtate
moist adj. umed
~ goods - mrfuri umede
moisture s. umezeal, umiditate
~ content - coninut / grad de
umiditate
~ meter - umidometru
~ sampling - eantionare pentru
msurarea umiditii
monetarism s. monetarism
monetary adj. monetar; pecuniar
~ aggregates - agregat monetar
~ assets - active monetare
~ base - baz monetar
~ circulation - circulaie monetar
~ deflation - deflaie monetar
~ economy - economie monetar
~ policy - politic monetar
~ standard - etalon monetar
~ system - sistem monetar
~ union - uniune monetar
~ unit - unitate monetar
monetize v.t. 1. a bate moned din 2. a
da valoare monetar {unui metal)
money s. 1. bani; moned 2. pl.
fonduri, capital adj. monetar; financiar
~ at/on call - mprumut rambursabil la
cerere
~ at call and short notice - mpmmut
rambursabil la cerere i cu preaviz
~ bill - proiect de lege financiar
~ broker - agent de intermediere a
mprumuturilor; agent de schimb
valutar
~ capital ~ capital lichid/n bani
~ circulation - circulatie monetar

MOB-MON

~ economy - economie monetar

~ illusion - iluzie monetar (ideea
fals c banii ar avea o putere fix de
cumprare)
~ interest - interes pecuniar
~ laudering - splare a banilor
~ letter - scrisoare de valoare
~ manager - agent de investiii
~ market - pia monetar
~ multiplier - (fin.) multiplicator
monetar {influenarea masei monetare
din economie prin modificarea
necesarului de rezerv sau prin
folosirea operaiunilor de pia
deschis)

~ of account - unitate monetar de

cont
~ of exchange - moned de schimb
~ - off coupon - cupon valoric (oferit
n scop promoional pentru obinerea

gratuit sau cu reducere de pre a unor

produse)

~ office - casierie
~ order - mandat potal; ordin de plat
~ pressure / scarcity - lips de bani,
criz de lichiditti
~ rate of interest - dobnd nominal
~ supply - mas monetar
~ wages - salariu nominal
~ washing - splare a banilor
moneychanger s. agent de schimb
valutar
moneyed adj. 1. bogat, cu bani 2.
pecuniar; financiar
moneygrubbing s. tezaurizare
moneylender s. cmtar
moneymaker s. 1. persoan care
realizeaz ctiguri mari 2. afacere
bnoas
moneymaking adj. rentabil, profitabil;
bnos s. ctig, profit moneyman s. 1.
investitor 2. girant

MON-MOT

moneyspinner s. afacere / realizare de

succes / bnoas (unfilm, o carte etc.)
monger s. (in cuvinte compuse)

negustor, vnztor
monoculture s. monocultur
monometallism s. (fin.) monometalism
monopolist s. monopolist
monopolistic adj. monopolist
~ competition - concuren de monopol
monopolize v.t. a monopoliza
monopoly s. monopol
~ contract - contract de monopol
~ power - (putere de) monopol
~ price - pre de monopol
~ proft - profit de monopol
monopsonist .y. monopsonist
monopsony s. monopson
month s. lun
monthly adj. lunar, mensual
~ account - (com.) cont lunar
~ statement - bilan lunar
moonlighting s. moonlighting (practica de a avea dou servicii, a doua
slujb avnd de obicei program noctum, veniturile suplimentare astfel
obinute fiindfrecvent nedeclarate)
moonshiner s. moonshiner (persoan
care desfoar afaceri ilegale, mai
ales noaptea); contrabandist
moral adj. moral
~ hazard - risc moral (comportament
necinstit sau neglijen a persoanelor
care nu suport costurile actelor lor,
situaie generat de existena unei
asigurri etc.)
moratorium s. moratoriu
mortgage s. 1. ipotec 2. drept de
ipotec v.t. a ipoteca
~ assumption - cesionare a ipotecii
~ - backed securities - titluri de valoare obinute prin titrizarea creditului
ipotecar

~ bond - obligaiune ipotecar ~ by order

of the court - ipotec judiciar
~ charge - sarcin ipotecar ~ credit credit ipotecar ~ creditor - creditor
ipotecar ~ debt - datorie ipotecar ~
debtor - debitor ipotecar ~ duty - tax
ipotecar ~ graduated payment - plat
gradual a ipotecii
~ interest - dobnd ipotecar ~ loan mprumut ipotecar ~ market - pia
ipotecar ~ note - nscris ipotecar ~
registry - birou (notarial) de ipoteci ~
rewrite programs - programe de
reealonare a ipotecii
~ wraparound - ipotec nvluitoare
(ipotec secundara)
to be bound by ~ - a fi obligat ipotecar
to raise a ~ - a face o ipotec mortgagee s.
creditor ipotecar mortgager s. debitor
ipotecar
mortgagor
v.
mortgager
mortmain s. (dr.) proprietate / avere
inalienabil motel s. motel motion s.
micare
~ study - studierea micrilor (pentru
obinerea randamentului maxim cu efort
minim n procesul muncii) ~ time analysis
- analiza timpului necesar micrilor (in
procesul muncii) motivational adj.
motivaional ~ research - cercetare
motivaional (pentru a descoperi factorii
psihologici
care
determin
comportamentul consu-matorilor)
motor s. 1. motor 2. automobil 3. pl.
aciuni ale societilor constructoare de

198

automobile adj. auto, referitor la

automobile
~ hotel - motel
~ insurance - asigurare auto
~ lorry and trailer - autotren,
autocamion cu remorc
~ repair shop / workshop - atelier de
reparaii auto
~ ship / vessel - motonav
~ show - expoziie de automobile
~ truck - autocamion
~ vehicle - autovehicul
motorcar x. 1. automobil 2. vagon
automotor
motorway s. autostrad
mountain s. cantitate / rezerv mare
(de produse agricole considerate

excedentare n CEE)
movable adj. 1. mobil; portabil,
transportabil 2. (rfr.) mobiliar s. pl.
valori mobiliare
~ property - bunuri mobiliare
~ assets - valori mobiliare
multibranding s. multibranding {utilizarea mai multor mrci n cadrul
aceleiai linii de produse)

multilateral adj. multilateral

~ agreement - acord multilateral
~ trade - comert multilateral
multilateralism s. (com.) multilateralism
multinational adj. multinaional
~ corporation - corporaie multinaional
multiple adj. multiplu
~ application - (bur.) subscriere
multipl {la aciuni folosind nume
false)

~ business system - sistem comercial

multiplu

MOT-MUT

~ division company - companie cu uniti

de producie multiple / independente
~ peril insurance - asigurare mpo-triva
unor riscuri multiple ~ pricing - fixare de
preuri multiple {infuncie de specificul
pieelor) ~ rates of exchange - cursuri de
schimb multiple
~ shop / store - magazin m reea ~ tariff tax vamal multipl / discriminatorie ( n
funcie de ara de origine a mrfurilor)
~ taxation - impozitare multipl / dubl
~ voting shares - aciuni cu drepturi
multiple de vot municipal adj. municipal ~
bond - obligaiune municipal ~ bond
fund - fond mutual de investih n
obligatiuni municipale ~ planning urbanism ~ tax - impozit local / municipal
municipality ^. municipalitate mural adj.
mural
~ advertising - publicitate mural / pe
faada cldirilor mushroom s. ciuperc ~
growth - dezvoltare rapid ~ organization
- societate cu dezvol-tare rapid (prin
afaceri dubioase) mutual adj. mutual,
reciproc ~ agreement - acord mutual ~
benefit society - societate de ajutor
reciproc
~ fund - fond mutual ~ insurance asigurare mutual ~ savings bank - (SUA)
banc mutual de economii

N
naked adj. descoperit, gol
~ bond -contract negarantat
~ contract - contract unilateral;
contract cu titlu gratuit/far contraprestaie
~ debenture - (dr.) obligaiune chirografar
~ options - (bur.) opiuni descoperite
(yndute de un investitor fr a avea
acoperire n aciun)
~ trustee - mandatar pasiv (fir
sarcin activ de ndeplinit)
name s 1. nume, denumire 2. reputaie,
renume adj. cunoscut, faimos v.t. 1. a
numi, a denumi 2. a fixa, a specifica
(ziua, preul etc.) 3. (for) a numi (intr-o

~ budget - buget de stat

~ consumption - consum naional
~ currency - moned naional
~ debt - datorie public / de stat
~ dividend/income - venit naional
~ economy - economie naional
~ expenditure - cheltuieli bugetare
~ insurance - asigurri de stat
~ product - produs naional (brut, net
etc.)

~ day - (bur.) ajun al lichidrii; ziua

declarrii numelor (cumprtorilor)
~ of an account - titular al unui cont
~ of a frm - nume social
~ of the payee - nume al beneficiarului
~ -ticket - (bur.) bilet/formular din
ziua declarrii numelor (prin care
brokerul i ofera vnztorului informau despre cumprtor)
narration s. (cont.) explicaie (a unui

~ standard - standard / etalon naional

~ taxes - impozite de stat
~ wealth - avuie naional
nationalize v.t. a naionaliza, a etatiza
natural adj. natural
~ economy - economie natural
~ monopoly - monopol natural
~ person - persoan fizic
~ resources - resurse naturale
~ wealth - bogii naturale
naval adj. naval, maritim
~ architect - inginer de construcii
navale
~ court - tribunal maritim
~ prize law - drept maritim de priz
navigable adj. navigabil
~ waters - ape navigabile

articol din registru)

navigate v.i. a naviga

funcie)

narrow adj. limitat, restrns

~ goods - galanterie
~ market - (bur.) pia restrns (cu
puine tranzacii)
national adj. naional; de stat
~ accounts - raport al bugetului de stat
~ advertising - publicitate la scar
national

navigation s. navigatie
~ bounty/subsidy - subvenie de navigaie (acordat de stat unor compani)
~ company - companie de navigaie
~ dues - taxe de navigaie
~ laws - cod maritim
~ permit - permis de navigaie
near adv. aproape

200

~ money - cvasibani ~ trade - (mar.) mic

cabotaj necessary adj. necesar s. 1. necesar
2. pl. articole de prim necesitate negative
adj. negativ
~ cash flow - flux negativ de numerar ~
interest - dobnd negativ ~ investment investiie negativ ~ utility - lips de
utilitate, inutilitate neglected adj. ignorat
(despre aciuni puse n vnzare)
negotiability s. negociabilitate, carac-ter
negociabil
negotiable adj. negociabil ~ certificates of
deposit - certificate negociabile de depozit
(pbligaiuni pe termen scur)
~
instruments/securities
instrumente/titluri de valoare negociabile/
transferabile
negotiate v.t. 1. a negocia (o afacere, un
mprumu etc.) 2. a negocia, a transfera (o
cambie prin andosare) v.i. a negocia, a
duce tratative negotiation s. negociere ~ s
in progress - negocieri n curs to be in ~
with smb. - a fi n negocieri cu cineva
to carry on / to conduct ~s - a duce
tratative
to enter into / to open ~s - a ncepe
negocieri
negotiator s. negociator net adj. net, neto
s. profit net v.t. a ctiga/a ncasa net; a
produce net, a aduce un ctig net de ~
assets - activ net
~ asset backing/value - valoare a activului
net ~ book value - valoare contabil net

NEA-NET

~ capacity - capacitate net (de ncrcare

de marf) ~ cash - numerar fr reducere ~
change - modificare net (a cursului unui
titlu de valoare) ~ cost - pre de cost
~ current assets - active curente nete ~
debt - datorie net
~ domestic product - produs intem net
~ earnings/gains/profit - profit net ~
estate - proprietate net ~ fixed assets active fixe nete ~ hundredweight - chintal
scurt ~ income - venit net ~ investment investiie net ~ liabilities - pasiv net ~
load - ncrctur/sarcin net ~ margin (com.) maij de profit net ~ material
product - produs material net
~ national product - produs naional net
~ net weight - greutate net efectiv / real
~ present value - valoare actual net
(pentru evaluarea viabilitii unui proiect
de mvestiii) ~ price - pre net ~ profit profit net
~ quick assets - active circulante nete ~
realizable value - (cont.) valoare net
realizabil ~ receipts - ncasri nete ~
register tonnage - (mar.) tonaj--registru
net
~ rentable area - suprafa nchiri-abil a
unei cldiri ~ sales - vnzri nete
~ sound value - (asig.) valoare net n
stare bun

NET-NOM

~ tare - greutate net a tarei

~ ton - (mar.) ton scurt
~ tonnage - tonaj net
~ value - valoare net
~ wages - salariu net
~ weight - greutate net
~ working capital - fond de rulment
net
~ worth - valoare net (valoarea unei
societi reprezentnd activele totale
minus pasivele totale)
~ yield - randament net
netting s. rezultat net {calcularea
profitului net)
network s. reea (comercial, de
drumuri etc.)
~ marketing - marketing n reea
new adj. nou
~ issue market - (bur.) piaa noilor
emisiuni (piaa aciunilor societilor
devenite publice recent)
news s. pl. tiri, informaii
~ agency - agenie de tiri
~ conference - conferin de pres
newsagent s. vnztor de ziare, reviste
etc.

newspaper s. ziar, gazet

~ advertisment - anun n ziar,
publicitate n ziar
newsstand s. chioc / tonet de ziare
next acf/.urmtor
~ account - (fin.) exerciiul urmtor
niche s. ni
~ market - ni de pia
~ strategy - strategie de ni (pentru
abordarea unui segment mic depia)
night s. noapte adj. referitor la noapte,
de noapte; care lucreaz noaptea
~ charge - tarif de noapte
~ safe - serviciu de depozitare peste
noapte (a banilor in banc, mai ales de

201

ctre comerciani care evit astfel s

pstreze sume mari n casa de bani pe
timpu nopi)
~ shift - schimb/tur de noapte nightwork
s. munc / schimb de noapte
nil s. nimic, zero adj. nul ~
balance - sold nul no adj.
nici un; nici o
~ account - fr cont (formul pe un cec)
~ advice / orders - neavizat (jbrmul pe un
efect de comer) ~ bid - {bur.) nu se cere
(despre aciuni)
~ - cargo condition - (mar.) nen-crcat,
fr marf
~ - claim bonus - prim pentru neridicarea
vreunei pretenii de plat (de ctre titularul
unei polie de asigurare auto)
~ dealings - {bur.) lips de tranzacii ~
eft'ects / funds - fr acoperire (formul
pe un cec)
~ goods exchanged - mrfurile cumprate
nu se schimb ~ load draft / draught (mar.) pescaj de nav nencrcat ~ noting
- fr protest (formul pe o cambie)
- par value - fr valoare nominal (despre
aciun) ~ quotation - (bur.) necotat
nomenclature s. nomenclatur (ya-mal
etc.)
nominal adj. nominal ~ accounts - (cont.)
conturi nominale ~ assets - (cont.) active
nominale / fictive (in contabilitatea n
partid dubla} ~ capital - capital nominal /
social

202

~ coupon/interest - dobnd nominal

(rata dobnzii pltibil pentru un titlu
la valoarea nominal)
~ damages - (dr.) daune nominale /
minore
~ interest rate - rat nominal a
dobnzii (rata dobnw contractate sau
declarate)
~ market - (bur.) pia inactiv
~ partner - asociat nominal
~ price - pre nominal; curs nominal
~ quotation - (bur.) cotaie nominal
~ rent - chirie simbolic
~ value - valoare nominal / prescris /
de referin
~ wages - salariu nominal
nominate v.t. 1. a numi, a desemna
(ntr-un post, o funcie) 2. a fixa (o
data) 3. a prezenta, a propune (un
candidat)
nomination s. 1. numire (intr-un post,
o funcie) 2. fixare (a unei date) 3.
candidatur
nominee s. 1. candidat propus (pentru
un post, o funcie} 2. (bur.) persoan
fzic sau juridic desemnat s
administreze tranzaciile de aciuni ca
titular (,astfel nct proprietarul real s
rmn necunoscut) 3. titular (al unei
polie de asigurare de via') 4. chiria;
arenda
~ company - societate bancar care
administreaz aciuni i titluri de
valoare (oferite ca garanie pentru
creditele acordate de banca)
~ shareholding - deinere de aciuni
pentru administrare (de ctre o persoan fizic sau juridic, pentru ca
proprietarul real s rmn necunoscut)

non pref. ne-, non-

NOM-NON

~ acceptance of a bill - neacceptare a

unei cambii
~ -appearance - neprezentare (la proces)
~ - available - nedisponibil ~ - business
day - zi nelucrtoare ~ - capital ship (mar.) nav de mic tonaj
~ - cash transactions - operaii n virament
~ - claim - (dr.) nedepunere a reclamaiei
(in termen legal) ~ - completion risk riscul nen-deplinirii obligaiilor (n
tranzaciile de comer exterior)
~ conference carrier - (mar.) cru/
armator independent / necartelat ~ conference rate - (mar.) rat de navlu
necartelat
~ - conference ship/vessel - nav
necartelat
~ - contributory pensions - pensii
necontributive (la fondul de pensii,
contribuia nefiind pltit de salariat, ci
defirm)
~ cumulative clause - (asig. mar.) clauza
necumulrii avariilor ~ cumulative
preference share -actiune preferenial
necumulativ ~ - delivery - nelivrare ~ durable goods - mrfuri care nu sunt de
folosin ndelungat ~ - earning spaces (mar.) spaii nedestinate pasagerilor i
mrfurilor ~ - execution / fulfilment / perfor-mance of a contract - neexecutare
a unui contract
~ - executive director - director neexecutiv
~ - feasance - (dr.) nendeplinire a
obligaiilor legale

203

NON-NOT

~ - insurable risk - risc neasigurabil

~ -interest bearing account - cont
fr dobnd
~ - liability clause - (.asig.) clauz de
exonerare de rspundere
~ - listed securities - titluri de valoare
necotate (la burs}
~ - market economy - economie planificat/centralizat
~ - member bank - (SUA) banc
nemembr (a Sistemului Federal de
Rezerve)
~ - monetary gold - aur nemonetar
~ - monetary investment - investiie
n obiecte de valoare
~ par cheque - cec care nu poate fi
ncasat la valoarea nominal
~ - participating share - aciune neparticipativ (care nu particip la
profit, dar are un dividendfix)
~ paymenf - neplat, neachitare
~ - physical money - moned bancar/
scriptural, substitui ai banilor {depozite bancare etc.)
~ - price competion - (com.) concuren care nu se manifest prin preuri
~ - prime - care nu este de prim ordin
(despre un efect de comer)
~ - productivity - neproductivitate
~ - professional - neprofesionist; neprofesional
~ - profit corporation - organizaie
nonprofit
~ - profit marketing - marketing
nonprofit
~ - quoted - (bur.) necotat
~ - reciprocity - far reciprocitate
~ - recoverable - nerecuperabil
~ - renounceable issue - emisiune de
aciuni fr drept de nstrinare

(emisiune destinat acionarilor deja

existeni ai unei societi)
~ - returnable/-reimbursable - nerambursabil
~ - suit - retragere a plngerii
~ tariff barriers - bariere netarifare
(la import)
~ - taxable - neimpozabil
~ - trading association/partnership asociaie profesional
~ -union - nesindicalizat
~ -voting share - aciune far drept de
vot (in adunarea general a acionarilor)
~ warranty clause - (.asig.) clauz de
negaranie
~ - wasting assets - active inepuizabile
norm s. norm, etalon, standard
normal adj. normal
~ yield curve - (fm.) curb normal de
randament (referitor la rata dobnzii
titlurilor de valoare)
nostro pron. nostro
~ account - cont nostro (cont deschis
de o banc la corespondentul su din
strintate, n care se nregistreaz
toate operaiunile bncii titulare)
notarial adj. notarial, de notariat
~ charges/fees - taxe notariale
~ deed - act notarial
notarize v.t. a autentifica / a legaliza la
notariat
notary s. notar
~ public - notar public
~ 's deed - act notarial
~ 's offce - notariat
note s. 1. not, nsemnare 2. efect,
bilet; borderou, factur 3. bancnot,
bilet de banc v.t. 1. a nota, a nsemna
2. a protesta (o cambie)

NOT-NUM

204

~ broker - broker care tranzacioneaz

efecte de comert
~ circulation - circulais a bancnotelor
~ of expenses - borderou de cheltuieli
~ of fees - not de onorariu
~ of hand - bilet la ordin
notice s. 1. aviz, preaviz; avizare,
notificare, ntiinare 2. afi, anun 3.
anun, not (intr-un z.iar)
~ -board - avizier
~ deposits - depuneri cu avizarea
retragerilor
~ of abandonment - (mar.) declaraie
de abandon
~ of a meeting - aviz de convocare (a
acionarilor)

~ of appropriation - (mar.) notificare

de individualizare a mrfurilor
~ of delivery/receipt - aviz de primire,
confirmare a primirii
~ of dishonour - aviz de neonorare (a
unei cambii)

~ of dismissal - aviz de concediere

~ of dispensation - aviz de dispens
(not a unuia dintre titularii unui cont
comun prin care renun la dreptul de
a primi extras de cont separat)

~ of interest declared - avizare a

interesului asigurat
~ to pay - ayizare a scadenei; somaie
de plat
~ to quit - somaie de evacuare

~ to suspend payments - aviz de

ncetare a pltilor
notifcation s. notificare, ntiinare;
aviz

notify v.t. a notifica, a aviza, a ntiina

notional adj. teoretic, imaginar
~ income - venit teoretic/imaginar
novation s. (dr.) novaie, novatiune
nude adj. gol, nud
~ contract - contract unilateral;
contract cu titlu gratuit / far
contraprestaie
null adj. nul, nevalabil
~ and void - nul i neavenit
to render ~ - anula
nullification s. anulare, invalidare,
abrogare
nullify v.t. a anula, a invalida, a abroga
nullity s. (dr.) nulitate, lips de
valabilitate, caducitate (a unui
contract)

~ suit - aciune pentm declararea

nevalabilitii; aciune n anulare
number s. numr, cifr v.t. a numra; a
numerota
numbering s. numrare; numerotare
~ machine/stamp - tampil de numr
curent
nummary adj. monetar
~ weight - greutate monetar
nummular v. nummary

0
oath s. (mar.) jurmnt (depus de
comandanul unei nave sau de
importator n faa organelor vamale
din unele porturi)
~ of arrival - jurmnt/declaraie la
sosire
~ of entry -jurmnt/declaraie asupra
importului
~ on departure - jurmnt/declaraie
la plecare
object s. obiect de activitate (al unei
societi)

obligation s. obligaie (contractual)

oblige v.t. a obliga; a lega prin contract
obligee s. obligant, persoan fa de
care alt persoan se oblig prin
contract; creditor
obligor s. obligat, persoan care se
oblig prin contract; debitor
obsolescence s. nvechire; uzur moral (a unui utilaj)
obverse s. 1. avers (al unei monede) 1.
fa, parte important (a unei cambii, a
unui titlu de valoare)
occasional adj. ocazional, temporar
~ customers - clientel ocazional
~ hand - muncitor temporar
~ sale - vnzare ocazional
occupancy s. 1. ocupare, luare n
posesie 2. stpnire/posesiune temporar; arend 3. perioad m care cineva
este ocupant/posesor 4. (dr.) posesiune
n virtutea dreptului primului ocupant
5. ocupare (a unuipost)
~ rate - grad de ocupare/folosire

occupant s. 1. ocupant/posesor tempo-rar

2. locatar; arenda 3. .titular, dei-ntor (al
unui post) occupational adj. profesional ~
disease - boal profesional
hazard - risc de accidente
profesionale / de munc ~ health service serviciu de medicina muncii
~ medicine - medicina muncii ~ mobility mobilitate profesional {schimbarea
structurii profesionale) ~ pension scheme
- plan de pensionare dup criteriul
profesional ~ psychology - psihologia
muncii/ industrial
~ therapy - ergoterapie occupied adj.
ocupat; activ, n munc ~ population populaie activ occupier s. ocupant;
locatar; arenda occupy v.t. 1. a ocupa, a
lua n pose-siune 2. a nchiria (o cas); a
arenda 3. a ocupa (unpost} ocean 5'. ocean
~ bill of lading - conosament oceanc ~
freight - navlu oceanic ~ -going
craft/ship/vessel - nav oceanic / de curs
lung ~ - going fleet - flot oceanic ~ going tonnage - tonaj al navelor oceanice
~ line - linie de navigaie oceanic ~ liner nav oceanic de linie, trans-atlantic
~ navigation - navigaie oceanic/de curs
lung

206

~ shipping - navigaie oceanic;

transport oceanic
~ tramp - nav-tramp oceanic
~ voyage - voiaj oceanic

oceanic adj. oceanic

~ shipment - expediere transoceanic
(de mrfuri)

odd adj. 1. impar 2. desperecheat,

dezasortat (despre un articol) 3. supli-

mentar, excedentar 4. ocazional,

temporar (despre munc)

~ - come-shorts - obiecte desperecheate / disparate; resturi, cupoane

~ - even pricing - stabilire de tip parimpar a preului
~ hand/man - persoan care face
munci ocazionale
~ job - munc ocazional
~ lot - lot (de mrfuri) nereglementar;
(bur.) pachet incomplet de aciuni
~ money - sum de completare;
mruni, rest
~ months - lunile cu 31 de zile
~ number - numr impar / fr so
~ size - dimensiune special (la
confeci}

~ work - munc ocazional; ore

suplimentare
oddments s. pl. articole desperecheate/
dezasortate; resturi / rmie de marf
odorous adj. mirositor
~ goods - mrfuri cu miros specific
odour s. miros
~ control - combatere a mirosurilor
nedorite
~ removal - dezodorizare
off prep. 1. departe de, dincolo de 2.
alturi de, lng 3. de pe, din adv.
departe; ncolo adj. 1. (n)deprtat 2.
liber 3. inferior
~ - balance sheet - n afara bilanului

OCE-OFP

~ - board market - (SUA) pia

neoficial/extrabursier
~ cover - far garantii/acoperire
(despre o ar considerat ca avnd un
risc crescut de creditare)
~ cuts - deeuri (de hrtie, cherestea
etc.)

~ day - zi liber
~ duty - liber, n afara orelor de
serviciu
~ - grade/'quality goods - mrfuri de
calitate inferioar
~ - hire clause - (mar.) clauza
ineficienei navei
~ hour - n afara orelor de serviciu;
n afara orelor de vrf
~ - license - licen permind vnzarea buturilor alcoolice pentru consum
la domiciliu
~ - market - special {despre rata unei
dobnzi, care este diferit de cele
practicate curent pe pia)

~ - peak - n afara orelor de vrf; care

nu este maxim, redus
~ - peak hours - ore n afara perioadei
consumului de vrf
~ - peak rate - tax normal / n afara
orelor de vrf
~ - season/'time - sezon mort
~ - the-job training - formare n afara
locului de munc
~ - the-record - neoficial, neconsemnat (n documentele oficiale)

~ - the-shelf - standard, far comand

special (despre un produs)

offal s. 1. resturi, rmie 2. mruntaie, organe 3. pete ieftin/de calitate

inferioar 4. tre
offer s. ofert; pre (oferit) v.t. 1. a

oferi, a da (un pre) 2. a expune, a

prezenta (mrfuri pentru vnzare)

OFF-OIL

offeree s. persoan creia i se face o

ofert

offerer 5. ofertant
offering s. ofert; prezentare (de
mrfuri pentru vnzare)
~ price - (bur.) pre de ofert (preul la
care sunt vndute publicuhii aciunile
comune)
offhand adj., adv. improvizat, nepregtit
office s. 1. birou; sediu (al unei firme);
oficiu (al unei administrai} 2. slujb,
serviciu; funcie 3. departament;
minister
~ action - notificare, comunicare
ofcial
~ automation - birotic
~ bearer/holder - functionar
~ boy - comisionar; curier
~ building - cldire administrativ cu
birouri/cu birouri
~ copy - copie legalizat
~ expenses - cheltuieli de administraie
~ form - formular administrativ
~ hours - ore de birou / serviciu
~ hunter - vntor de posturi / funcii,
carierist, oportunist
~ management - managementul
activitii de birou
~ staff - personal administrativ / de
birou
~ stationery - fumituri de birou
~ work - munc de birou
offcer s. 1. funcionar; inspector;
persoan oficial, demnitar 2. ofer
~ of health - inspector sanitar
~ of state - ftincionar superior
~ of taxes - agent fiscal
~ of the court - executorjudectoresc
offcial adj. oficial s. funcionar;
persoan ofcial

207

~ discount rate - tax oficial de scont

~ hour - ora oficial
~ list - (bur.) list oficial (care
conine cursurile zilei)

~ rate of exchange - curs de schimb

oficial
~ receiver - administrator judiciar (al
averii falitulu); lichidator (ntr-un
faliment)
~ strike - grev autorizat
~ test - prob de recepie
offset s. compensatie, echilibrare;
decontare adj. referitor la compensaie /
echilibrare v.t. a compensa, a echilibra,
a contrabalansa; a deconta
~ account - cont de compensaie
offshore adj. offshore, deprtat de
coast / litoral; din larg adv. n larg s.
zon de ap din vecintatea coastei
~ discharge - descrcare n rad
~ fshery - pescuit pe platoul
continental
offtake s. vnzare; (cantitate de} marf
vndut
oil s. iei, petrol; produs petrolier adj.
petrolier; petrolifer; de iei / petrol
~ actuary - expert n statistica
petrolier
~ area / land / zone - sector /
perimetru / teren petrolifer
~ -bulk-ore carrier - (mar.) vrachier
combinat (minereu mrfuri solide n
vrac - petrot)
~ car - vagon-cistern
~ carrier / ship / tanker / vessel petrolier, nav petrolier
~ company - companie petrolier
~ delivery - distribuire / livrare de
petrol
~ dock - bazin pentru petroliere
~ drillboat - platform de foraj marin

208

~ field - teren petrolifer; schel

petrolier
~ harbour / port - port petrolier
~ industry - industria petrolier
- jetty - chei de petrol
~ market - piaa petrolului; piaa
aciunilor petroliere
~ plant - plant oleaginoas
"producing
area
perimetru
petrolifer
~ production - extracie / producie de
petrol
~ refinery - rafinrie de petrol ~ shares aciuni petroliere/ale companiilor petroliere
~ shipment - transport de produse
petroliere cu nave petroliere ~ terminal staie de transbordare;
staie de pompare final
~ trucking - transport de produse
petroliere cu autocisteme
~ well - sond de petrol
oiler s. petrolier, nav petrolier
old aclj. 1. vrstnic, btrn 2. vechi
~ age pension - pensie pentru limit de
vrst

~ money - capital existent

~ share - aciune veche (care, la o
eventual emisiune, va avea o valoare
mai mic dect o aciune nou)
~ terms - condiii (contractuale)
vechi/existente
oligarchy s. oligarhie
oligopoly s. oligopol
oligopsony s. oligopson
omnibus adj. colectiv
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament
colectiv
onprep. pe; la; n

OIL-ONE

~ account and risk of shippers (asig. mar.) n contul i pe riscul

ncrctorilor
~ account of general average - (asig.
mar.) n contul avariei comune
~ -board bill of lading - (fnar.)
conosament pentru mrfuri ncrcate
~ -carrier - cru ulterior
~ -cost charges - cheltuieli generale /
de regie
~ credit - pe credit
~ -cycle - perioad de funcionare
efectiv

~ delivery - la livrare
~ demand - la cerere
~ duty - de serviciu
~ joint account - n cont comun; n
participaie
~ - lending - acordare de credite
obinute din alt surs
~ license - licen permind vnzarea
i consumul buturilor alcoolice n
local
~ offer - oferit, n vnzare {despre
marf)
~ order - comandat (dar nelivrat)
~ record - nregistrat (oficial)
~ sale - de vnzare
~ sale or return - de prob
~ -the-money option - (bur.) opiune
cu pre de exerciiu identic sau apropiat
cursului pieei
one adj. \. unul; una 2. unic; singur
~ -crop system - monocultur
~ -dimensional - unidimensional
~ - sided/- way market - (bur.) pia
specializat (pia pe care cotaiile
sunt disponibile fie pentru ofert, fie
pentru cumprare)
~ man company - societate controlat de o singur persoan

ONE-OPE

~ - man market - pia controlat /

nchis
~ - name paper - bilet la ordin
simplu/cu un singur nume (cel al
persoanei care se mprumut)

~ sided contract - contract unilateral

onerous adj. oneros, mpovrtor
(despre condiii)
~ contract - contract (cu titlu) oneros
~ property - proprietate care constituie o sarcin
onerousness s. caracter oneros
onflow s. aflux (de capital)
onshore adj. de coast / litoral adv.
spre coast
onus s. rspundere, sarcin; obligaie
oneroas
open adj. deschis v.t. a deschide
~ account - cont deschis (m baza unui
credit)
~ charter - (mar.) contract de navlosire deschis (fr indicarea anticipat
a porturilor i a ncrcturilor)

~ cheque - cec deschis / nebarat

~ contract - contract simplu / deschis
~ cover - poli de asigurare deschis
~ credit - credit deschis/nelimitat
~ depot - depozit n aer liber
~ discount market - (fin.) piaa
scontului neoficial
~ - door policy - politica uilor
deschise (politic care permite tuturor
strinilor s desfaoare activiti
economice sau s emigreze ntr-o
anumit ar)
~ - ended - deschis, nedefinitivat
(despre un contract)
~ - end fund - fond mutual deschis
(care vinde un numr nelimitat de
aciuni pe care se oblig s le rscumpere la cerere)

209

~ general licence - licen general

deschis (fdr restricii la import)
~ harbour / port - port deschis
~ indent - comand de mrfuri la
alegerea expeditorului
~ insurance - asigurare flotant
~ letter of credit - scrisoare de credit
deschis / fr condiii
~ market - pia deschis / liber
~ mortgage - ipotec deschis (a crei
sum poatef mrita)
~ order - (bur.) ordin deschis (prdin
de tranzacionare valabil pn cnd
este executat sau anulat)
~ outcry - (bur.) licitaie deschis
~ policy - (asig. mar.) poli deschis /
neevaluat
~ price - pre liber / nefixat
~ quarrying - exploatare (de carier)
lazi
~ rates - tarif neunifonn
~ season - sezon deschis (de
vntoare, pescnit)
~ shop - ntreprindere deschis (care
angajeaz i muncitori nesindicalizai)
~ space - spaiu liber / nencrcat
~ -top container - container deschis /
far capac
~ trade - (comer de) specul
~ union - sindicat deschis (care nu
impune condiii restrictive pentru
primirea de noi membri)
~ vote - vot deschis

opening s. 1. deschidere; inaugurare 2.

oportunitate, ocazie; debueu 3. post
liber / vacant adj. de deschidere
~ balance - sold iniial
~ capital - capital iniial
- price/rate - (bur.) curs de deschidere
operate v.t. 1. a opera, a efectua (modificr} 1. a manipula, a aciona (o

210

main} 3. a conduce, a administra (o

ntrepritidere) 4. a exploata (o ca/e ferat,
o nav etc.)
operating adj. 1. de exploatare; tehnic, de
deservire 2. operaional ~ assets - active de
exploatare ~ capital - capital de exploatare
~ company - companie operaional
(filiala unei societi-holding) ~ conditions
- condiii de exploatare / funcionare
~ costs/expenses - cheltuieli de ex-ploatare
~ cycle - ciclu operaional (intervalul de
timp dintre cumprarea de materii prime
pentru producia de bunuri i ncasarea
numerarului dup vnzarea acestord)
~ data - parametri de exploatare ~
draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj de
exploatare
~ efficiency - randamCTit; capacitate de
producie
~ engineer - inginer de exploatai'e ~
income - venit din exploatare ~ leasing leasing/locaie operaio-nal() (locaie n
care locatorul ntre-ine i finaneaz
activulfix) ~ leverage - (fin.) levier
operaional (msura n care sunt utilizate
costurile fixe n exploatarea firme) ~
losses - pierderi de exploatare ~ merger fuziune operaional (fuziune prin care sunt
integrate operaiunile a dou companii n
sperana
obinem unor
avantaje
sinergetice)
~ personnel / staff - personal tehnic / de
deservire
~ plan - plan de producie ~
process - proces tehnologic

OPE

~ profits - beneficii de exploatare

~ repairs - reparaii curente / de
ntreinere
~ risk - (fin.) risc operaional
~ speed - (mar.) vitez comercial / de
exploatare
~ statement - (cont.) situaie a
cheltuielilor de exploatare
~ trim - (mar.) asiet de exploatare
operation s. 1. punere n funciune,
manipulare, acionare (a unei main)
2. conducere, administrare (a unei
ntreprmderi) 3. exploatare (a unei ci
ferate, a unei nave etc.) 4. tranzacie,
operaie (financiar)
~ breakdown - analiza componentelor
unei activiti
~ chart - graflc de operaii
~ line - linie tehnologic
~ sheet - fi tehnologic
~ s management - management
operaional
to come into ~ - a intra n vigoare
(despre o lege); a intra n funciune
operational adj. operaional; de
funcionare/exploatare
~ factors - parametri de funcionare
~ reliability - fiabilitate operaional,
siguran n funcionare
~ research - (man.) cercetare operaional
~ speed - (mar.) vitez comercial / de
exploatare
operative adj. 1. operativ; eficace;
activ 2. apt de exploatare; n bun stare de
funcionare s. muncitor calificat;
operator
~ mistake - (dr.) eroare operativ /
activ (eroare foarte grav care
anuleaz un contracf)

~ obligation - obligaie executorie

21i

OPE-ORD

to become ~ - a intra n vigoare

(despre o lege)
operator s. 1. operator; muncitor;
mecanic, mainist 2. telefonist;
telegrafist 3. operator de burs,
persoan angajat n operaii de burs
5. proprietar sau administrator (al unei
ntreprinderi etc.)

~ 's licence - licen de transport

opinion s. opinie
~ leader - lider de opinie
~ poll - sondaj de opinie
~ survey - anchet / studiu de opinie;
anchet statistic
opportune adj. oportun
oportuneness s. oportunitate, caracter
oportun
opportunity s. ocazie favorabil,
oportunitate (de afaceri)
.
~ cost - ( fin.) cost de oportunitate
(rata rentabilitii celei mai bune
investiii alternative disponibile)
~ set - (fin.) set de oportunitate (toate
datele risc - rentabilitate referitoare la
o investiie)

oppressive adj. opresiv

~ contract - contract opresiv
option s. 1. opiune,alegere 2.
tranzacie cu opiune / prim; contract
cu opiune (prin care aciuni sau
mrfuri sunt tranzacionate la o dat i
un pre specificaf)

~ business / dealing - tranzacie cu

opiune
~ contract - contract cu opiune
~ dealer / operator - agent de burs
specializat n tranzacii cu opiuni
~ fund - fond de tranzactionare a
opiunilor

~ money - acont (care asigur

prioritate la cumprare sau vnzare n
condiii prestahilite)
~ pool - cartel de opiuni
~ premium - prim de opiune (pltit
de cumprtorul unei opiuni de
cumprare)
~s exchange - burs de opiuni (pentru
aciuni, obligaiuni etc.)
~ market - piaa (mrfurilor) cu
livrare la termen
~ stock - titluri de valoare cu opiune
~ to double - opiune de dublare
(opiune care i d drept vnztorului
s vnd un pachet dublu de aciuni
fa de cel convenit)

optional adj. opional

~ equipment - echipament opional
(livrat la comand)
~ extra - accesorii opionale
oral adj. oral
~ agreement --acord verbal
orange adj. portocaliu
~ goods - produse de culoare
portocalie (bunuri de consum, precum
articolele de vestimentaie, nlocuite n
ritm moderat)
order s. 1. ordine, succesiune; serie 2.
comand; cerere 3. ordin de plat;
mandat potal 4. ordin, clas, categorie;
calitate 5. ordonan (juridic,
financiara); decizie, decret, hotrre
v.t. 1. a aranja; a sistematiza; a organiza
2. a ordona 3. (dr.) a dispune, a hotr
4. a comanda, a face o comand de
~ at best - (bur.) ordin de cumprare
n condiiile cele mai avantajoase
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament Ja
ordin
~ blank / form - formular de comand
~ book - registru de comenzi

ZV2.

~ cheque - cec la ordin

~ clause - clauz la ordin
~ clerk - recepioner de comenzi
~ for government account - comand
de stat
~ for payment/to pay - ordin de plat,
ordonanare
~ in hand - comand acceptat
~ in writing - comand scris
~ note - not de comand
~ of ports - succesiune a porturilor (la
ncrcare sau descrcare)
~ of priority - ordine a prioritii
~ of the day - ordine de zi
~ paper - titlu de valoare la ordin;
ordine de zi (prezentat n scris) ~ port port pentm instruciuni ~ to buy - ordin de
cumprare ~ to sell - ordin de vnzare ~ to
transfer - ordin de virament ~ s not to pay
- dispoziii de suspendare a plii (unui
cec) to ~ only - numai la comand
ordinary adj. simplu; obinuit, comun ~
business - (asig.) afacere obinuit
(asigurri de afaceri care nu sunt din
sectorul industrial)
~ capital - capital obinuit (emis sub form
de aciuni comune) ~ creditor - creditor
general (jar drepturi prefereniale) ~
damages - daune generale ~ debt - crean
neprivilegiat / neprioritar
~ dividend - dividend neprivilegiat /
neprioritar
~ freight - marf de mic vitez ~ income
- venit ordinar (pbinut din activitatea
normal de exploatare)
interest
- ' dobnd
simpl/
necapitaliza

ORD-ORG

~ partner - comanditat ~ partnership societate n nume colectiv

~ seaman - marinar stagiar/necalificat ~
shares - aciuni comune/neprivi-legiate
ore s. minereu
~ bed/deposit - zcmnt de minereu ~ bulk-oil carrier - (mar.) vrachier combinat
(minereu - mrfuri solide n vrac - petrol)
~ carrier/ship/vessel - mineralier, nav
mineralier
~ - carrying fleet - flot de minera-liere
~ charter - (mar.) contract de transport
pentru minereuri ~ - coal carrier mineralier - carbo-nier
~ - grain carrier - mineralier - cerea-lier
~ - oil tanker - mineralier - petrolier ~
yard - depozit de minereuri organic adj.
organic, structural ~ growth - (man.)
dezvoltare organic/ structural {a
uneifirme) organization s. 1. organizare 2.
organi-zaie, asociaie
~ and methods - (man.) organizare i
metode
~ chart - organigram ~ planning planificare a structurii organizatorice
organizational adj. organizaional ~
behaviour - comportament organi-zaional
~ buying - aprovizionare institutiona-lizat
(m.odalitatea
prin
care
diversele
organizaii identific i evalueaz produsele pe care doresc s le achizii-oneze)

213

ORG-OUT

structure - (man.) stmctur

organizaional organize v.t. a organiza
organized adj. organizat ~ exchange burs oficial
labour
sindicat;
muncitori
sindicalizai
~ market pia organizat / oficial
origin ^. origine (a mrf) original adj. 1.
original, iniial 2. original, autentic s.
original, exemplar prim
~ accumulative - acumulare primar /
primitiv
~ cost - cost iniial/istoric ~
invoice - factur original ~ tare tar iniial
ounce s. uncie (unitate de msur pentru
greutate) out adv. (n) afar
~ and home freight - (mar.) navlu dusntors
~ freight - (mar.) navlu de plecare ~ ofcommission - scos din exploatare ~ -ofdate - nvechit; ieit din uz ~ -of-order defect, stricat ~ -of-place - omer ~ -ofstock - epuizat
~ -of-the-money option - opiune cu pre
de exerciiu superior cursului pieei
~ -of-work - omer; oprit, decuplat outage
s. 1. oprire a funcionrii (unui utilaj din
cauza unei pene de curent);
perioad de inactivitate 2. perisabilitate
(a mrfii)

~ time - timp de pan, durat a ieirii

din funciune
outbalance v.t. a cntri mai mult
dect, a ntrece la greutate

outbid v.t. a supralicita, a oferi mai

mult (la licitaie)
outbidder s. supralicitant
outbidding s. supralicitare
outboard (mar.) adj. exterior, n afara
bordului, de peste bord
~ delivery - predare de la bord
outbound (mar.) adj. 1. cu destinaia
n strintate; care pleac ntr-o
cltorie ndeprtat (despre o nava) 2.
de export; expediat ntr-un port strin
sau ndeprtat (despre marf)
~ freight - caric / navlu de plecare /
ieire
~ shipment - ncrctur expediat
outcry s. 1. vnzare la licitatie 2. (bur.)
negocieri cu voce tare / prin strigare
outdoor adj. n aer liber; exterior,
extem
~ plant - instalaie n aer liber /
deschis
~ staff - personal cu serviciu exterior
~ storage - depozitare n aer liber
outer adj. exterior, extem
~ harbour / port - port exterior
~ condition - stare exterioar {a mrfii
ncrcate)
outfit s. 1. echipament; instrumente,
scule, ustensile; utilaj 2. armare (a
navei) v.t. 1. a echipa, a nzestra; a utila
2. a arma (o nava)
outftter s. 1. fumizor (de echipament)
2. comerciant, vnztor (de
mbrcminte, echipamenf)
outgo s. cheltuieli
outgoing adj. de plecare; de expediere
s. pl. cheltuieli
~ freight - (mar.) navlu de plecare
~ invoice - factur de vnzare
~ partner - partener care iese din
firm

214

outlay s. cheltuieli v.t. a cheltui

~ tax - impozit indirect
outlet s. pia de desfacere, debueu
outlook s. (bur.) previziune (a cursului
uciunilor)

output s. 1. producie 2. productivitate,

randament; capacitate de producie
~ area - sfer de producie
~ coeffcient / factor - coeficient de
eficien, productivitate
~ level - nivel de productie
~ per man-hour - productivitate pe
om-or
~ per man-shift - productivitate pe
om-schimb
~ standard - norm de producie
outsell v.i. a se vinde mai bine sau mai
scump dect (o alt marfa)
outside s. 1. exterior, parte exterioar
2. pl. hrtie defect (n comerul cu
hurtie) adj. 1. exterior, extem 2.
maxim; excesiv (despre preuri)
~ broker - broker neoficial
~ director - membru al consiliului de
administraie neangajat permanent
~ financing - finanare extem
~ market - pia neoficial
~ port - avanport
~ price - pre / curs maxim
~ storage - depozitare n aer liber
~ worker - lucrtor la domiciliu
outsider s. 1. outsider, strin (persoan
care nu face parte dintr-un cerc, o
mstituie etc.) 2. broker neoficial
outsize s. numr / msur / talie foarte
mare (/a mbrcminte) adj. de talie
foarte mare
outsized adj. de talie foarte mare
outstanding adj. 1. remarcabil, important 2. neachitat, restant; neamortizat 3.

OUT

nesolutionat, litigios; pendinte s. pl.

(cont.) conturi debitoare
~ claim / debt - crean / datorie
restant
~ interest - dobnzi neachitate /
restante
~ liabilities - angajamente neonorate /
restante
~ payment - plat restant
outstrip v.t. a ntrece, a devansa (un
concurent)

outturn n. 1. producie; randament 2.

greutate net a caricului descrcat (la
sosirea nave)

~ report - raport de descrcare

~ sample - mostr din marfa preluat
~ weight - greutate descrcat /
predat (de o nav)
outvalue v.t. a valora / a costa mai mult
dect
outvote v.t. a obine mai multe voturi
dect
outward adj. exterior, extem; de
export

~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament al

mrfurilor de export
~ - bound - cu destinaie / n dmm
spre un port strin (despre o nav)
~ cargo - (mar.) caric de plecare,
marf de export
~ freight - (mar.) navlu de plecare
~ payment - plat efectuat
~ voyage - {mar.) voiaj n'strintate
outweigh v.t. a cntri mai greu dect,
a depi n greutate
outwork s. lucru la domiciliu / n afara
fabricii v.t. a lucra mai repede sau mai
bine dect
outworker s. lucrtor la domiciliu

OVE

over prep. peste, dincolo de; la, lng

adv. deasupra; n plus; exagerat,
excesiv s. surplus, excedent
~ or under - n plus sau n minus
~ ship's rail - (mar.) peste balustrada
navei (formul dintr-un conosament
care arat c responsabilitatea
armatorului fa de caric ncepe cnd
ncrctura trece de balustrada nave)
~ -the-counter drug - medicament
care poate fi cumprat far reet
medical
~ -the-counter market - pia neoficial / extrabursier
~ -the-counter securities - titluri de
valoare necotate / vndute neoficial
overall s. salopet; echipament de
protecie adj. total, global, general; de
gabarit
~ agreement - acord global
~ balance - (fin.) balan global
(suma tuturor tranzaciilor autonome
sau oficiale fnanate cu sau fara
folqfirea rezervelor)
~ cost - pre global
~ dimension - dimensiuni de gabarit
~ output - producie total / global
~ size - gabarit
overbalance 5. surplus, excedent (de
greutate) v.t. a cntri mai mult dect, a
ntrece n greutate
overbid v. outbid
overbidder v. outbidder
overbidding v. outbidding
overbought adj. supraevaluat, supraestimat
~ market - (bur.) pia supraevaluat
overburden v.t. a suprancrca
overbuy v.t. a cumpra m cantiti prea
mari; (bur.) a cumpra m plus fa de

215

capacitatea de a oferi aciuni suplimen-tare n

anumite situaii overcapacity s. capacitate
excesiv (de producie fa de cerere)
overcapitalization s. 1. supraevaluare 2.
supracapitalizare
overcapitalize v.. 1. a supraevalua (capitalul
unei societi prin emiterea unui numr prea
mare de aciuni n raport cu o politic
fnanciar judici-oas sau cu activele nete ale
companiei respective) 2. a supracapitaliza
overcharge s. 1. suprancrcare 2. suprapre,
pre excesiv v.t. 1. a supran-crca 2. a cere un
pre prea mare pentru v.i. ancrca lapre
overdraft s. 1. overdraft, depire a contului n
banc; sum cu care s-a depit contul n
banc; cont descoperit 2. neacoperire (a unui
mandat de plat) overdraw v.t. 1. a depi
{contul) n banc 2. a da dispoziii de plat far
acoperire, a elibera (un cec) far acoperire v.i. a
nu avea acoperire overdue adj. ntrziat,
restant, depit ca termen
~ bill - cambie cu scadena depit ~ debts arierate ~ delivery - livrare ntrziat ~
payment - plat ntrziat overentry s. surplus
de tax vamal ~ certificate - certificat vamal
pentru rambursarea surplusului de tax vamal
overestimate s. 1. supraevaluare,
supraestimare 2. deviz exagerat v.t. a
supraevalua, a supraestima overextended adj.
supraextins (despre o afacere care ruleaz i
produce mult mai muli bani dect valoarea
activelor curene)

216

overfreight s. (mar.) supranavlu, navlu

suplimentar
overfund v.i. (fin.) a vinde surplusul de
titluri de stat
overhang s. (fin.) overhang (emisiune
excedentar de titluri de valoare care
poate determina o scdere accentuat
a cursurilor sau sum mare de dolari
SUA existent n afara rii, care,
convertit n alt moned, poate
antrena scderea cursului de schimb)
overhaul s. 1. revizie general 2. reparaie capital v.t. 1. a revizui, a verifica
(o main etc.) 1. a repara
overhead adj. global (despre preur}
s. (ipl.) cheltuieli generale/de regie
~ charges / costs / expenses cheltuieli generale/de regie
~ price - pre global / forfetar
overinsurance s. supraasigurare
overinsure v.t. a supraasigura
overinvest v.t. a investi excesiv
overinvestment s. investiie excesiv
overinvoice v.t. a factura la preuri
mrite (excesiv)
overinvoicing s. facturare la preuri
mrite
overissue s. supraemisiune (de aciuni)
overland adj. pe uscat
~ route - rut terestr
overlend v.t. a credita excesiv (despre
o banc)
overload s. suprancrctur, suprasarcin v.t. a suprancrca
overpay v.t. a plti prea mult pentru
overpayment s. plat excesiv, sum
pltit n plus
overplus s. surplus, excedent
overproduce v.t. a produce prea mult
fa de (cerere sau cantitatea prevzut)

OVE

overproduction s. supraproducie
~ crisis - criz de supraproducie
overrate v.t. a supraevalua, a
supraaprecia
overrule v.t. a respinge (reclamai); a
anula (decizii)
oversea(s) adj. de peste ocean, de peste
mare; strin, de peste hotare; exterior
(despre comer) adv. peste ocean, peste
mare; n strintate, peste hotare
~ investment - investiie n strintate
~ market - pia extem
~ ship / vessel - nav de curs lung
~ shipping - transport pe mare
~ trade - comert exterior / maritim
overseer s. supraveghetor
oversell v.t. 1. a vinde mai mult dect
se poate livra sau exist n stoc 2. a
vinde folosind campanii promoionale
agresive
overside adj adv. {mar.) peste bord
~ delivery - livrare / predare peste
bord
~ delivery clause - clauza livrrii/
predrii (marfi.) peste bord
~ port - port cu alimbare
oversize s. supradimensiuni
overspend v.i. a cheltui excesiv, a
depi limita cheltuielilor
overstock s. suprastoc, stoc excedentar/supranormativ v.t. a suprastoca; a
aproviziona excesiv (piaa, un magazin
etc.)

overstowage s. (mar.) stivuire invers

oversubscribe v.i. a subscrie excesiv /
peste necesiti (un mprumut, o
emisiune de aciuni)
oversubscription s. suprasubscriere,
subscriere excedentar
oversuplly s. supraofert; supraproductie

217

OVE-OWN

overtax v.t. a supraimpozita, a impune

excesiv
overtaxation s. impunere excesiv
overtime s. 1. ore suplimentare, munc
suplimentar 2. plat pentru ore suplimentare adj. referitor la orele suplimentare adv. peste orele/programul
obinuit de munc
~ ban - interdicie de a executa ore
suplimentare
~ goods - mrfuri neridicate n termen
~ payment - plat pentru ore
suplimentare
~ request - cerere de vmuire n afara
programului
~ work - ore suplimentare, munc
suplimentar
overtonnage s. (inar.) tonaj excesiv
{numrul navelor de transport
depaete cu mult cererea)
overtrade v.i. a desfura activiti
comerciale peste disponibilitile de
capital sau cerinele pieei
overtrading s. desfaurare de activiti
comerciale peste disponibilitile de
capital sau cerinele pieei
overvaluation s. supraevaluare, supraestimare
overvalue v.t. a supraevalua, a
supraestima
overweight s. supragreutate; greutate
excedentar, excedent de greutate adj.
n surplus

overwork s. 1. ore suplimentare,

munc suplimentar 2. munc excesiv
/ istovitoare v.t. a extenua, a istovi; a
exploata v.i. a munci excesiv
owe v.t. a datora v.i. a fi dator
owing adj. datorat, restant, de plat
own adj. propriu, personal s.
proprietate, avere v.. a poseda, a
stpni, a avea m proprietate
~ brand/label - marc proprie/de
comert (nume de marc atribuit unui

produs de catre un intermediar, de

obicei un detailist important)

to come into one's ~ - a intra n

posesia bunurilor sale
to work on one's ~ a lucra pe cont
propriu
owner s. 1. proprietar, posesor 2.
{mar.) armator
~ and charterer - armator i navlositor
~ -manager - director-proprietar
~ 's agent - agent al armatorului
~ 's equity - (fn.) valoare net
(valoarea unei societi reprezentnd
activele totale minus pasivele totale)

~ 's risk - (pe) riscul proprietarului sau

al armatorului
ownerless adj. far proprietar
ownership s. 1. proprietate, posesiune
2. drept de proprietate
~ costs - cheltuieli de armare (a navelor comerciale)

P
pacemaker 5. muncitor care determin
norma
pacer v. pacemaker
pacesetter v. pacemaker
pack s. 1. pachet; balot, bal; ambalaj 2.
cantitate de conserve (pete, fructe etc.)
puse pe pia (intr-un sezon) adj. de
ambalaj v.t. 1. a mpacheta, a ambala 2. a
conserva; a pune n cutii de conserve ~
goods - mrfuri n baluri ~ paper - hrtie
de ambalaj package s. 1. pachet, colet;
balot;
ambalaj 2. mpachetare, ambalare 3.
cheltuieli de ambalaj 4. taxe vamale pe
baloturile de mrfuri v.t. a mpacheta, a
ambala
~ car - furgonet de coletrie, utilitar
~ cargo - caric de colete, coletrie
~ deal - acord / contract global
~ freight - (mar.) mrfuri generale;
navlu pentru mrfuri generale
~ goods - mrfuri n ambalaj-tip
~ insurance - (SUA) asigurare global
{care acoper mai multe riscuri sau
asigur o proprietate n diverse locur}
~ machine - main de mpachetat
~ store - (SUA) magazin n care
buturile alcoolice se vnd exclusiv n
recipiente nchise
~ system - sistem de livrri complexe
(materiale, servicii, consultana)

~ tour - excursie cu itinerar prestabilit

(de agenia turistica)
packed adj. mpachetat, ambalat
~ weight - greutate cu ambalaj

packer ^. 1. mpachetator, ambalator;

main de ambalat 2. angrosist sau
exportator de conserve alimentare
packet s. l.pachet; colet 2. nav
potal mic v.t. a mpacheta
~ - boat - pachebot
~ station - gara de coletrie
packing s. 1. mpachetare, ambalare 2.
ambalaj
~ agent / material - material de
umplutur
~ canvas / cloth / linen - pnz de
ambalaj
~ cardboard - carton de ambalaj
~ case - lad de ambalaj
~ charges / expenses - cheltuieli de
ambalare
~ extra - ambalajul facturat separat
~ included - ambalajul inclus n pre
~ industry / trade - industria
conservelor
~ list / note / sheet / slip - inventar de
lad
~ paper - hrtie de ambalaj
~ plant -fabric de conserve
~ press - pres de mpachetat / balotat
packsack s. pnz de sac pentru
ambalaj
pallet s. (mar.) 1. palet, platform
mobil (de ncrcare, stivuire) 2. marf
paletizat
~ -carrying ship / vessel - nav pentru
mrfuri paletizate
~ load - ncrctur pe palet
~ operation - paletizare
palletization s. (mar.) paletizare

PAN-PAR

panic s. panic (pe piaa financiara} ~

price - curs de panic / foarte sczut paper
5'. 1. hrtie 2. document, act, pies 3. pl.
acte de identitate;
documente de serviciu 4. titluri de valoare
5. ziar adj. de hrtie v.t. a mpacheta n
hrtie ~ blank - formular
~ company - societate de investiii ~
currency - bani de hrtie, bancnote ~
goods - articole de papetrie ~ industry industria hrtiei ~ mill - fabric de hrtie ~
money - bilet de banc; moned fiduciar
~ profit - profit scriptic/teoretic ~
standard - (fin.) etalon-hrtie ~ title titlu/certificat de proprietate par (/m.) s. 1.
paritate 2. valoare nomi-nal adj. referitor
la valoarea nominal ~ clause - clauz de
paritate ~ of exchange - paritate de schimb
~ value - valoare nominal parallel adj.
paralel
~ imports - importuri paralele (din ri cu
preuri mai sczute dect cele din propria
ara)
~ market - pia paralel (la preuri mai
ridicate, cu livrare imediat} ~ rate (of
exchange) - rat neoficial / paralel (de
schimb) ~ standard - (fin.) etalon dublu
parcel s. 1. parcel, lot (de pmnf) 2.
pachet, colet; lot/partid de mrfuri v.t. 1.
(i ~ out) a parcela; a mprti, a distribui 2.
a face colet din, a mpacheta
~ car - vagon de coletrie / mesagerie ~
cartage - (c.f.) factaj ~ delivery / post /
service - serviciu de mesagerie

219

~ delivery company - companie de

factaj / mesagerie
~ of goods - lot / partid de mrfuri'
~ of shares - pachet de aciuni
~ office - birou de mesagerie
~ rates - tarifde coletrie / mesagerie
~ station - gar de coletrie/mesagerie
~ traffc - trafic de coletrie/mesagerie
to ~ out goods - a mprti mrfuri n
loturi
to ~ up goods - a face colete de
mrfuri
parent s. printe
~ bank - banc central
~ company - societate-mam
~ house - firm / cas de comert
central
~ store - magazin central (al unui lan
de ma.ga7.ine)

parity s. paritate
~ clause - clauz de paritate
part s. 1. parte 2. parte, pies, element
3. parte, participare; sarcin, obligaie
~ cargo charter - (mar.) navlosire
parial
~ delivery - livrare partial
~ owner - coproprietar; coarmator
~ payment - plat partial; acont
~ performance - ndeplinire partial
(a obligaiilor contractuale, fapt care
atest existena contractului)

- -time employment / job - serviciu

cu produs redus
~ -time worker - muncitor cu program
redus / norm parial; omer partial
~ truckload - vagon incomplet
~ - truckload consignment - transport
nevagonabil (cu vagon incomplet)
partial adj. parial
~ delivery - livrare parial
~ loss - (asig.) pierdere paial

220

~ payment - plat partial; acont

participating adj. participant
~ bond - obligaiune participant (la
benefici)

~ insurance - (SUA) asigurare mutual

~ policy - poli de asigurare cu
participare (la benefici)
~ preference shares - aciuni prefereniale de participare
participation s. participare; participaie
~ account - cont de participaie
~ loans - credite sindicalizate (ofert
de fonduri fcut de mai multe bnci
pentru a susine un credit mare)
participator s. participant
particular s. detaliu; caracteristic;
specificatie adj. particular, special
~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie particular
~ partnership - societate n participaie
~ power - procur special
~ s of sale - caiet de sarcini
particularize v.t. a specifica
partner s. 1. partener, asociat 2. (dr.)
parte v.t. a se asocia cu
partnership s. 1. calitate de asociat/
partener; asociere, participare 2. participaie (form de asociere)
~ at will - asociere fr contract
~ capital - capital social
~ deed - contract de asociere/societate
~ firm - societate n nume colectiv
~ limited by shares - societate n
comandid pe aciuni
~ share - participaie a asociailor,
cot-parte la o asociaie
to enter into ~ with smb. - a se asocia
cu cineva

PAR-PAS

to take smb. into ~ - a lua pe cineva ca

asociat
party s. (dr.) parte
~ at fault - parte n culp
~ concerned - parte interesat
~ entitled - parte n drept
~ to a case - parte n cauz
~ to a contract - parte la contract
~ to a dispute - parte n litigiu
pass s. 1. permis (de liber trecere),
autorizaie; legitimaie 2. pas de
navigatie, enal navigabil v.t. 1. a pune
n circulaie (bani) 2. a vota (iin proiect
de lege) 3. a trece (vama) 4. a pronuna
(o sentin) v.i. 1. a face o nregistrare,
a trece (n cont etc.) 2. a circula, a fi
valabil (despre bani etc.) 3. a fi votat
(despre un proiect de lege)
~ of goods - autorizaie / permis de
ridicare a mrfurilor
passable adj. 1. carosabil; navigabil 2.
(fin.) n circulatie
passage s. 1. trecere, pasaj; coridor 2.
voiaj, cltorie; traversare (pe mare sau
cu avionut) 3. transbordare 4. votare,
aprobare (a unui proiect de lege)
~ boat - bac
~ days - (mar.) zile de traversad
~ home - cltorie de napoiere (a
navei comerciale)
~ out - cltorie de ducere {a navei
comerciale)
passbook s. L livret de banc, camet
de economii 2. registru de marf (luat
pe credit)
passenger s. pasager, cltor
~ aircraft / plane - avion de pasageri
~ and cargo ship - nav mixt
(cltori i marfa)
~ and goods train - tren mixt (cltori
i marja)

PAS-PAW

~ boat/carrier/ship/vessel - nav de
pasageri

~ list/manifest - list/manifest de
pasageri (mharcai pe o nav sau
ntr-un avion)
~ mile - pasager-mil (unitate de
transport)
~ rates - tarifpentru cltori
~ shipping - transport de pasageri (pe
mare)
~ service/transport - transport de
pasageri
~ station - gar de cltori
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor de
pasageri
~ traffc - trafic de pasageri
~ train - tren de cltori
~ vehicle - autoturism, autovehicul de
cltori
passive adj. pasiv
~ balance - bilan pasiv / deficitar
~ bond - obligaiune pasiv (fr
dobnda)

~ commerce - (mar.} comert pasiv

(transport al mrfurilor de export cu
navele altei r)
~ debts - datorii pasive
~ income - venit pasiv
~ income generator - generator de
venit pasiv
~ trade balance - balan comercial
pasiv / deficitar
~ trust - mputemicire pasiv (m care
mandatarul nu are nici o sarcin
activ)

passport s. paaport
past adj. trecut; anterior
~ consideration - (dr.) compensatie
anterioar
~ - due bill - cambie cu scadena
depit

221

~ year - (fin.) exerciiu trecut

patent s. brevet, patent adj. brevetat,
patentat v.t. a breveta, a patenta
~ agent - agent pentru brevete
~ coverage - protecie prin brevetare
~ documents - literatur de brevete de
invenii
~ fees / tax - tax de brevet
~ infringement - nclcare a drepturilor de brevet
~ law - legea brevetelor
~ letter - certificat de inventator
~ licence - autorizatie de brevet
~ life / period - termen de valabilitate
a brevetului
~ office - oficiu de brevete
~ owner - titular al unui brevet
~ pool - cartel pentru schimbul de
licene asupra brevetelor de inventie
~ rights - drepturi de brevet
~ specification - descrierea brevetului
to apply for a ~ - a cere un brevet
to be issued a ~ - a i se acorda un
brevet
to work a ~ - a exploata un brevet
patentable adj. brevetabil
patentee s. titular al unui brevet /
patent
patrimony s. (dr.) patrimoniu
pattern s. 1. model; mostr, eantion 2.
structur
~ book - caiet cu mostre
~ of prices - structur a preurilor
pauperism s. pauperism, srcie
extrem
pauperization s. pauperizare, srcie
pauperize v.t. a pauperiza, a srci
pawn s. amanet, gaj; garantie v.t. a
amaneta, a pune gaj
pawnable adj. care poate fi amanetat
pawnage s. amanetare

222

pawnbroker s. proprietar al unei case

de amanet; cmtar, cel ce d
mprumut pe gaj
pawnee v. pawnbroker
pawner . amanetator, cel ce d n gaj
pawnshop s. cas de amanet, mimte de
pietate
pay s. plat; salariu; sold; onorariu;
indemnizaie; dium adj. 1. productiv
(despre zcminte, terenuri) 2. cu plat
(despre aparate, mecanisme) v.t. 1. a
plti, a achita 2. (back) a rambursa, a
restitui 3. (down) a plti n numerar /
pe loc 4. (in) a plti n cont curent 5.
(off) a plti/a achita integral; a amortiza
6. (out) a plti / a achita n rate mici 7.
(over) a plti mai mult (cu o anumit
sum); a plti, a achita 8. (up) a lichida
o datorie; a plti, a achita (la timp) v.i.
1. a plti 2. a aduce profit, a fi profitabil 3. (in) a plti cotizaiile regulat 4.
(into) a plti n (cont curent)
~ as you earn - impozitare la surs a
venitului
~ as you go - plat pe msura
efecturii operaiilor sau din ncasrile
curente
~ cash - plata n numerar (formul pe
un cec)

~ desk - cas, casierie

~ freeze - ngheare a salariilor
~ gravel - zcmnt aluvionar cu
coninut industrial de aur
~ offce - casierie, birou de pli
~ order issued - ordonanare de pli
~ rise - spor de salariu
~ scales - grile de salarizare .
~ television - televiziune cu tax /
abonament
~ - through securities - titluri de valoare emise n baza creditelor ipotecare

PAW-PAY

~ zone - zon (petrolifer) productiv

payability s. (dr.) exigibilitate
payable adj. 1. pltibil 2. productiv
(despre zcminte, terenuri) 3. (dr.)
exigibil
~ area - arie / zon (petroifer)
productiv
~ as per endorsement - pltibil prin
andosare
~ at maturity - pltibil la scaden
~ at sight - pltibil la vedere
~ by instalments - pltibil n rate
~ in advance - pltibil cu anticipaie
~ net cash - pltibil n numerar fr
reducere
~ on delivery - pltibil la livrare
~ on demand - pltibil la cerere
~ on presentation - pltibil la
prezentare
~ to bearer - pltibil la purttor
~ to order - pltibil la ordin
paycheck s. (SUA) salariu pltit prin
cec

payday s. 1. (bur.) zi de lichidare 2. zi

de plat (a salariului)
payee ^. beneficiar, primitor {al unei
pli, al unui efect de comerf)
payer s. pltitor
paygate s. turnichet (care funcioneaz
dupd plata taxei, introducerea cartelei)

paying adj. 1. care pltete; de plat 2.

rentabil, profitabil
~ agent - domiciliatar (al unei cambii)
~ capacity - solvabilitate, posibilitate
de plat
~ deadweight - (mar.) capacitate de
ncrcare net / util
~ offce - casierie, birou de pli
payload s. sarcin util / comercial;
capacitate util
paymaster s. casier

PAY-PED

~ general - casier-ef; ef al serviciului

financiar
paymastership s. funcie de casier
payment s. plat; vrsmnt
~ after delivery - plat dup livrare
~ against documents - plat contra
documente
~ at sight - plat la vedere
~ by instalments - plat n rate
~ by results - plat n funcie de
producia realizat
~ by transfer - plat prin virament
~ countermanded - plat contramandat
~ for honour / supra protest - plat
pentru onoare / sub protest (a unei
cambii)
~ forward - plat contra ramburs
~ in advance / anticipation - plat
anticipat
~ in arrear - plat restant
~ in cash / specie - plat n numerar
~ in driblets - plat fracionat
~ in due course - plat la termenul
cuvenit
~ in full - plat integral
~ in kind - plat n natur
~ in part - plat partial
~ media - mijloace de plat
~ of balance - plat a soldului
~ on account - plat parial (a unei
datori)

~ order - ordin de plat

~ patterns approach - abordare
bazat pe scheme de plat (metod de
monitorizare a creanelor, n care efeetele comerciale de primit sunt legate de
vnzrile din luna de origine)
~ record - eviden a plilor (la un
credif)
~(s) agreement - acord de pli

223

~s received - pli primite

~ terms - (com.) condiii de plat
~ unit - unitate de plat
payoff^. plat, retribuie; amortizare
paypacket s. plic cu salariul n
numerar (incluznd i fia de calctil a
acestuid)
payroll s. stat de salarii
~ clerk - functionar nsrcinat cu plata
i evidena salariilor
~ deduction insurance - asigurare de
via cu prime achitate / reinute din
salariu
payslip s. fi de calcul (net) al
salariului {care nsoete plata
acestuid)

peaceful adj. panic

~ picketing - pichetare panic (de
ctre grevit)
peak s. vrf

~ effciency - randament maxim;

productivitate maxim
~ hours - ore de vrf
~ load - sarcin / ncrctur maxim
~ output - productie maxim
~ value - valoare maxim
~ year - an-record / de vrf
peck s. peck (unitate de msur pentru
capacitate)

peculate v.t. a delapida, a detuma

(fonduri publice) v.i. a defrauda statul
peculator s. delapidator, defraudator
pecuniary adj. 1. pecuniar, bnesc;
financiar 2. pasibil de amend
peddle v.t. a face comert ambulant cu
v.'. a face comer ambulant
peddler v. pedlar
peddlery v. pedlary
pedlar s. vnztor ambulant

224

pedlary s. 1. comert ambulant (de

mruniur} 2. marf a negustorului
ambulant
peg s. curs de schimb susinut (de
guvem) v.t. a susine, a stabiliza (piaa,
preuri etc.)
penal adj. penal
~ code - cod penal
penalize v.t. a penaliza
penalty 5. penalizare; daun penalizatoare; daune - interese
~ cargo - caric/ncrctur cu penalizare
~ clause - clauz de daune - interese
dockage - penalizare pentru folosirea
danei peste termenul stabilit ~ for nonperformance
of
contract
-daune
contractuale
~ interest - dobnd penalizatoare
penetration s. penetrare ~ strategy strategie de penetrare (pe o pia)
penny
s.
penny,
peni
(moned
divizionar englez)
~ bank - banc / cas de economii (care
accept depuneri mici} ~ -in-the-slot
machine - distribuitor automat
~ stock - (SUA) titlu de valoare vndut la
pre sczut (pentru mai puin de un dolar)
pennyweight 5. pennyweight (unitate de
msnr pentru greutate) pension s. pensie
v.t. a pensiona; a acorda o pensie ~ fund fond de pensii ~ scheme - plan de pensii to
grant a ~ to smb. - a pensiona pe cineva
pensionable adj. 1. de pensie/pensio-nare
{despre vrsta) 2. care are dreptul

PED-PER

la pensionare (despre persoane) 3. susceptibil de reinere pentru pensie

(despre venituri)

~ age - vrst de pensionare

~ emoluments - ctiguri supuse
reinerilor pentru pensie
~ service - ani de munc (socotii la
calcularea pensiei)
pensionary s. pensionar adj. 1. de
pensie 2. pensionat
pensioner s. pensionar
pent-up adj. controlat, reinut
~ demand - cerere controlat
~ inflation - inflaie controlat
penury adj. penurie
perprep. 1. pe; per 2. prin, cu
~ annum - pe an
~ capita - pe cap de om, de persoan
~ cent - la sut
contra - (cont.) trecut pe
contrapagin ~ day / diem - pe zi ~ manhour - pe om-or ~ medio - (bur.) cu
lichidare la mijlocul lunii
~ messenger - prin curier ~
month / mensem - pe lun ~ post
- cu pota
~ procuration / procurationem - prin
procur
~ ton - pe ton
~ ultimo - (bur.) cu lichidare la sfritul
lunii
~ weather working day - pe zi lucrtoare,
n msura n care starea timpului o permite
percentage s. procentaj; procente ~
analysis - analiz procentual ~
contributions - cote procentuale ~ of sales
method - (cont.) metoda procentului din
vnzri (inetod de

PER

previziune a nevoilor financiare prin

exprimarea diferiteor posturi de bilan
ca procent din vnzri i apoi nmulirea acestor procentaje cu vnzrile
viitoare estimate pentru a realiza
bilanuri pro foriia)
perch s. prjin (ynitate de msur
pentru lungime)
perfect adj. 1. perfect, ireproabil;
complet, intact 2. corect, exact v.t. 1. a
perfeciona, a mbunti 2. a finaliza, a
executa
~ competition - concuren perfect
~ entry - declaraie vamal definitiv
~ hedge - (bur., fin.) asigurare perfect
mpotriva riscurilor
~ market - pia perfect (cu
competiie perfect)
~ monopoly - monopol perfect / total
~ quality - calitate ireproabil
~ ream - top (de hrtie)
perform v.t. a executa, a ndepiini (un
contract, o obligaie etc.)
performance s. 1. executare, ndeplinire (a unui contract, a unei obligaii
etc.) 1. productivitate, randament
~ appraisal - apreciere a capacittii
(unui salariat); apreciere a execuiei
~ bond - scrisoare de garanie bancar
de executare (a contractului)
~ fund - fond mutual cu investiii pe
termen scurt
~ guarantee - garanie de executare (a
contractului)
~ index - indice de calitate
~ related pay - retribuie n funcie
de performane
~ standard - standard de performan;
standard de operare (controlul utilizdrii
terenurilor industriale)

~ test - prob de exploatare /

funcionare
peril s. pericol; risc
~ point - (SUA) punct periculos (sub
care reducerea tarifelor vamale la
import prejudiciaz economia
naional)
~s of the sea clause - (asig. mar.)
clauza pericolelor mrii
period s. perioad, durat, tennen
~ bill - cambie la termen
~ costs - costuri fixe

~ of service - durat de exploatare

~ under review - (fin.) perioad
analizat, exerciiu trecut
periodical adj. periodic; ciclic s.
publicaie periodic
~ increment - cretere periodic
~ inventory - (cont.) inventar periodic
~ payments - pli periodice
peripheral adj. periferic
~ service - serviciu periferic (care este
oferit pe lng serviciile bancare de
bazfr comision)
~ workers - (man.) muncitori periferici (mutai n interes de serviciu)
perishable adj. perisabil, alterabil s. pl.
mrfuri perisabile
~ goods / freight - mrfuri perisabile
~ traffc - trafic de mrftiri perisabile
permanent adj. pennanent
~ address - adres pennanent
~ assets - active imobilizate, capital fix
~ customer - client permanent
~ debt - datorie consolidat
~ employees - salariai permaneni
~ income - venit permanent
~ investment - investiie pe termen
lung
~ loan - mprumut consolidat

226

~ medium - moned stabil; valut

forte
~ output - producie continu
~ residence - domiciliu stabil
permissible adj. admisibil, pennis
~ draft / draught - (mar.) pescaj
admisibil
~ load - ncrctur permis
permit ^. 1. permis, licen 2.
autorizaie de liber circulaie (pentru
marfa) v.. a permite, a autoriza
~ for home consumption - certificat
de scutire de vam pentru o marfa de
consum intem
to take out a ~ - a obtine un permis / o
licen
perpetual adj. perpetuu; permanent
~ annuity - anuitate perpetu
~ bond - obligaiune perpetu
~ inventory - (cont.) inventar permanent (meninut la zi)

~ order - comand permanent (pentru

aceeai mrfur)
perpetuity 5'. 1. (fin.) perpetuitate (flux
de pli viitoare egale estimat s
continue venic) 2. (dr.) posesiune pe
termen nelimitat
perquisite s. 1. ctig suplimentar;
ctig ntmpltor 2. indemnizaie
special 3. beneficiu marginal; baci
personal adj. 1. personal; particular,
privat 2. (fifr.) mobiliar
~ accident and sickness insurance asigurare de persoane contra accidentelor i bolilor
~ accounts - (cont.) conturi personale
~ allowance / relief - reducere a
procentului de impozitare
~ assets - active mobiliare
~ cheque - cec personal (al unei
persoane fizice)

PER

~ credit - credit personal (reputaia

unei persoane care i permite s obn
mrfuripe credit)

~ equity plan - plan personal de

investiii (m titluri de valoare)
~ estate / property - proprietate
mobiliar
~ income tax - impozit asupra
venitului personal
~ identification number - cod
personal de identificare (al clientului
unei bnc)

~ investment - investiie personal/

financiar {investiie n valori mobiliare)

~ liability insurance - asigurare de

rspundere personal
~ loan - mpmmut personal (acordat
de o bancfr garani)
~ sector - sector privat (fn economie)
~ security - garanie personal;
garanie mobiliar ~ shares - aciuni
nominale personalty s. (dr.) proprietate
mobili-ar, avere mobiliar
personnel s. personal, efectiv, salariai ~
agency - oficiu de plasare a fortei de
munc
~ department - serviciu de personal ~
director/manager - ef al serviciului de
personal
~ files /records - dosare (individuale) ale
salariailor
management
managementul
resurselor umane
~ plans - programe ale salariatilor ~ policy
- politic n materie de personal (a
uneifirme) ~ specification - fia
salariatului (de studii, experien,
calificare etc.)

PER-PIE

persuasibility s. capacitate de a se lsa

convins (de o reclam)
persuasive adj. persuasiv
~ advertising - publicitate persuasiv
petition s. petiie; cerere v.t. a nainta o
petiie / cerere ctre sau pentru v.i. a
face o cerere, a nainta o petiie
~ for respite - cerere de amnare (a
pli)
~ in bankruptcy - cerere de declarare
n stare de faliment
to fle one's ~ in bankruptcy - a se
declara n. stare de faliment
petitioner s. 1. petiionar; solicitant 2.
(dr.) reclamant
petrocurrency s. petrovalut
petrodollars s. petrodolari
petrol s. benzin; gazolin
~ bulk lorry - camion-cistem de
benzin
~ carrier - petrolier de benzin
~ -filling station - staie de benzin
petroleum s. petrol, iei
~ carrier/ship/vessel - petrolier, tanc
petrolier
~ crude - iei brut
~ deposit - zcmnt de petrol
~ drilling - foraj de sonde de petrol
~ engineering - tehnologie de
prelucrare a petrolului
~ extraction - extracie de petrol
~ fuel oil - combustibil de petrol
~ industry - industria petrolier
~ mineral oil - ulei mineral; petrol
lampant
~ naphtha - benzin grea
~ processing - prelucrare a petrolului
~ refinery - rafinrie de petrol
~ refining - rafinare a petrolului
~ (revenue) tax - impozit pe veniturile
obinute din comercializarea petrolului

227

~ spirit - benzin
~ (tank) car - vagon-cistem
~ wharf - chei de petrol
petty adj. mrunt, mic; minor s. pl.
(cont.) cheltuieli mmnte
~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie minor
~ cash - cas mic; cheltuieli sau
ncasri mrunte
~ dealer - negustor cu amnuntul
pharmaceutical adj. farmaceutic s.
produs farmaceutic, medicament
physical adj. fizic
~ assets - active corporale
~ capital -capital fix, mijloace fixe
distribution management
managementul distribuiei fizice a
mrfurilor (ambalaj, transport,
depo'zitare etc.)
~ inventory/stocktaking - (cont.) inventar
fizic
~ productivity - productivitate a
capitalului fix
picket s. pichet v.t. a picheta picketing s.
pichetare (de ctre grevit)
piece s. 1. bucat, parte 2. parcel (de
teren) 3. pies 4. moned ~ fabric / goods
- mrfuri textile cu metraj m bucat
~ rate system - sistem de munc n acord
~ wage - salarizare pentru munca n acord
~ work - munc n acord to do ~ work (to
work by the ~) - a munci n acord
piecemeal adv. cu bucata to work ~ - a
lucra n acord piecework s. munc n acord
~ rates - tarif pentru munca n acord

228

pieceworker s. muncitor cu plata n

acord
pier s. mol; dig; chei; dan
~ barge - dan plutitoare
~ dues - taxe de cheiaj
~ master - responsabil de chei
~ - to-pier containerization - containerizare "chei la chei"
pierage s. tax de cheiaj
pilferage s. (asig.) pierderi cauzate de
furtul mrfii n timpul transportului;
fiirt de marf
pilot s. pilot adj. experimental, pilot
v.t. apilota
~ licence - brevet de pilot
~ plant - instalaie experimental/pilot
~ production - producie experimentala/pilot
~ study - studiu prealabil / pilot
pilotage s. 1. pilotaj, pilotare 2. taxe de
pilotaj
~ dues / rates - taxe de pilotaj
~ service - serviciu de pilotaj
pint s. pint (unitate de masura pentrit
capacitate)

pipe s. eav, conduct v.t. a transporta

prin conduct
~ conduit - tubulatur (pe un petrolier)
~ -line - pipe-line, oleoduc
~ -line run - cantitate de produs
transportat prin conduct
piscary s. 1. (dr.) drept de pescuit (in
ape strine) 2. zon de pescuit
pittance x. salariu derizoriu; venituri
mici
place 5. 1. loc 2. post, funcie; serviciu,
ocupaie v.t. 1. a pune, a aeza; a
amplasa 2. a numi (intr-un post) 3. a
plasa, a investi (bani) 4. a fixa, a stabili
(data, locul) 5. a ncheia (un contract)
6. a vinde, a plasa (mrfur}

PIE-PLA

~ of abode - (dr.) domiciliu

~ of call - loc de escal
~ of delivery - loc de livrare
~ of destination - loc de destinaie
~ of employment / work - loc de
munc
~ of origin - loc de origine
~ of payment - loc de plat
placement s. 1. punere, aezare;
amplasare 2. plasament, investiie
placing s. 1. (i pl.) plasare a unei
emisiuni de aciuni (aparinnd unei
societi cu rspundere limitat care
intenioneaz s devin anonim) 2.
ncheiere a unui contract de asigurare
plaint s. (rfr.) plngere, reclamaie
~ note - not de reclamaie
plaintiff s.(dr.) reclamant, parte civil
plan s. plan; proiect; schi; diagram
v.t. a planifica; a proiecta v.i. a face
planuri, a planifica
~ manager - manager al unui plan de
beneficii
planned adj. planificat
~ economy - economie planificat/
centralizat
~ investment - investiie planificat
~ obsolescence - (com.) planificare a
articolelor care se demodeaz uor
~ outage - ntrempere planificat m
functionare
~ production - productie planificat
~ unit development - plan de
dezvoltare zonal
planner s. planificator; proiectant
planning s. 1. planificare 2. sistematizare
~ and design work - studiu de proiect
~ horizon - orizont de planificare (pe
5-10 ani)

~ permission - aprobare a cadastrului

PLA-POL

_________________________229

studiu urbanistic/de siste~ survey

matizare
plant s. 1. plant 2. uzin; fabric 3.
utilaj, instalaie; echipament v.t. a
planta, a sdi
~ depot / yard - magazie / depozit de
materiale i utilaje
~ -hire rate - tarif de nchiriere a
utilajelor
~ layout - amplasare a uzinei
~ leasing - nchiriere (pe termen lung)
a unei instalaii industriale sau cldiri
complet echipate
~ practice - practic n producie;
experien practic
~ stock - utilaj, echipament; inventar
~ unit - agregat
plantation s. 1. plantaie 2. pl. aciuni
ale companiilor care exploateaz
plantaii (de tutun, cafea etc.)
plastic adj. plastic
~ card - carte de credit
~ money - bani de plastic, mijloc de
plat prin cartea de credit
plate s. plac, tabl, foaie de metal v.t.
a placa {cufoi de metal)
~ mark - marc (la metale prefioase)
platform s. 1. platform 2. (c.f.) peron;
ramp de ncrcare
~ container - container-platform
~ lorry - camion-platform
~ truck / waggon - vagon-platform
player s. speculant la burs
plea s. (dr.) pledoarie; argument
~ of nullity - argument pentru
declararea nulitii (unui contract)
pleasure 5'. plcere, agrement
~ boat / ship - nav de agrement
~ trip - cltorie turistic/de agrement
pledge s. gaj, garanie v.t. a pune n
gaj, a da ca garanie

~ of movables - garanie mobiliar

~ of real property - garanie imobilar
to redeem a ~ - a scoate din gaj
pledgee s. creditor gajist
pledger v. pledgor
pledgor s. debitor gajist
plenary adj. plenar (despre edine,
adunr)
plenipotentiary adj. plenipotentiar, cu
puteri depline s. ambasador plenipoteniar
plot s. lot/parcel de teren v.t. a parcela
plotting 5'. parcelare
plough 5'. 1. plug 2. artur v.t. 1. a ara
2. (back) a reinvesti profitul
~ land - pmnt arabil; teren cultivat
ploughman s. plugar; muncitor agricol
plutocracy s. plutocraie
poach v.t. 1. a acapara; a obine (in
mod ilegal) 2. a nclca (proprietatea
cuiva)

pole s. prjin (unitate de msur

pentru lungime)
policy s. 1. politic 2. poli (de
asigurare)
~ of deflation - politic deflaionist
~ of inflation - politic inflaionist
~ of insurance - poli de asigurare
~ of retrenchment - politic de
economie / restricii bugetare
~ proof of interest - (asig. mar.) poli
de onoare / far obiect asigurat
reserves of life insurance
companies - rezerve de polie ale
societilor de asigurri de via (pri-mele
acumulae sub forma depozitelor
deintorului de prime de asigurare)
policyholder s. titular al unei polie de
asigurare
political adj. politic ~ economy economie politic

230

~ risk analysis - analiza riscului

politic (evalua de un investitor,
referitor la politica guvernamental a
unui stat)
~ uncertainty - instabilitate politic
poll s. 1. list electoral; electorat 2.
alegeri; votare 3. sondare a opiniei
publice; sondaj electoral v.t. 1. a efectua alegeri n, a cere votul (unei
regiuni) 2. a obine (yoturi) v.i. a vota,
a-i da votul
~ tax - capitaie, impozit pe cap de
locuitor
polling s. 1. alegeri; votare 2. sondare a
opiniei publice; sondaj electoral
~ station - secie de votare
pollute v.t. a polua
pollution s. poluare
control
bond
- obligaiune
(municipala) emis pentru finanarea
controlului polurii aerului i a apei pool s.
1. fond comun 2. cartel, trust, pool 3.
pronosport v.t. a comasa (benficii, fonduri,
interese, riscur) v.i. a forma un cartel
pooling s. 1. comasare (de beneficii,
fonduri, interese, riscur) 2. formare a unui
cartel
~ of interests - combinarea intereselor
(metod contabil pentru combinarea
situaiilor contabile a dou firme care
fuzioneaz)
poor adj. srac 2. nefertil, neproductiv
(despre sol); slab, insuficient (despre
recolt etc.) 3. nesatisfctor, necorespunztor; inferior (despre calitate) 4. mic,
redus, modest (despre venituri, benefici)
popular adj. 1. popular, cutat (despre
unprodus) 2. accesibil (despre preuri)
population s. populaie

POL-POR

~ census - recensmnt al populaiei

port s. port
~ agency - agenie portuar
~ area - zon portuar
~ authorities - autoriti portuare
~ -bound - retinut n port (despre o
nav)
~ capacity - capacitate de operare a
portului
~ call - escal, intrare m port;
notificare / avizare de nav "gata de
operare" (ncrcare-descrcare)
~ charges / dues / duty - taxe portuare
~ clearance - eliberare a portului/
danelor portuare de mrfurile sosite
~ complex - complex portuar
~ days - zile de stationare n port (a
unei nave n exploatare)
~ development - dezvoltare / extindere
a portului
~ differential - tarif de navlu
difereniat ntre porturi
~ effciency - eficien de operare a
portului
~ equipment - utilaj portuar
~ facilities - instalaii portuare
~ mark - marc de port (pentru
mrfuri)
~ of adjudication - port destinat
navelor reinute pentm contraband
~ of arrival - port de sosire
~ of call - port de escal
~ of delivery - port de predare (a
mrfi)
~ of departure / sailing - port de
plecare
~ of destination - port de destinaie
~ of discharge - port de descrcare
~ of distress / necessity / refuge - port
de refugiu
~ of embarkation - port de mbarcare

POR-POS

~ of entry - port de intrare / sosire;

port vamal / de import
~ of intake / loading / shipment - port
de ncrcare
~ of reference - port principal / de
referin (pentru calculul mareei)
~ of registry - port de nregistrare /
nmatriculare (a nave)
~ of transit - port de tranzit
~ of transshipment - port de
transbordare
~ offce - direcie portuar
~ pay - retribuie (a echipajului)
pentru timpul de staionare n port
~ personnel - personal portuar
~ policy - poli de asigurare n port
~ rates - taxe vamale portuare
~ regulations - regulament al portului
'- risk policy - poli de asigurare
pentru riscurile de port
~ shipping register - registru portuar
de eviden a mrfurilor ncrcate
~ speed - vitez / celeritate / norm de
operare a portului
~ terminal - terminal portuar
~ work - operaie portuar (incrcare,
descrcare, transbordare)
portability s. portabilitate (a
planurilor de pensii)
portable adj. portabil
~ pension - pensie la purttor
portage s. 1. transport; cruie 2. taxe
de transport; (c.f.) fraht; (mar.) navlu 3.
transbordare de mrfuri sau vase mici
de pe un ru pe altul; zon ntre dou
ruri folosit n acest scop 4. salariu al
marinarilor pe durata staionrii vasului
n port v.t. a transporta / a transborda de
pe un ru pe altul
porter s. hamal; docher

231

porterage s. 1. manipulare (de

mrfuri), hamalc 2. plat a hamalului /
docherului
portfolio s. 1. serviet, map 2. (fin.)
portofoliu
~ analysis - analiz de portofoliu
~ investments - investiii de portofoliu
~ management - management de
portofoliu
position s. poziie (pe pia sub forma
contractelor jdr acoperire)
~ building - (bur.) constmire a unei
poziii (prin cumprarea treptat de
aciuni pentru a evita creterea brusc
a preului lor)
possess v.t. a poseda, a avea n
posesiune / proprietate
possession s. 1. posesie, posesiune 2.
pl. proprietate, posesiune; avere
to come/to enter into ~ of a property
- a intra n posesia unui bun
to give ~ of sth. - a da ceva n posesie
possessor s. posesor; proprietar
possessory adj. de posesie / proprietate
~ lien - drept de retenie {dreptui
creditorului de a pstra o proprietate a
debitorului restantpn cnd acesta i
achit ntreaga datorie)
post s. 1. pot, oficiu potal 2. pot,
coresponden 3. post, funcie; serviciu
v.t. 1. a expedia (prin pot) 2. (cont.) a
transcrie (in cartea mare)
~ code - cod potal
~ -free - franco, scutit de taxe potale
~ offce - oficiu potal
~ -offce box - csu potal
~ -offce order - mandat potal
~ -office receipt - recipis potal
~ -office savings bank - cas de
economii la oficiul potal
postage s. tarifpotal; francare

232

~ book - registru de eviden a francrii

~ included - inclusiv costul expedierii prin
pot ~ paid - francat ~ rates - tarifpotal ~
stamp - timbm potal postal adj. potal ~
address - adres potal ~ card - carte
potal
~ charges - cheltuieh potale/de expe-diere
prin pot
~ franking machine - main potal de
francat
~ giro - serviciu potal de transfer giro ~
order - mandat potal ~ rates / tariff tarifpotal ~ receipt - recipis potal ~
service - serviciu potal; pot ~ trade comert prin pot ~ union - uniune potal
postdate v.t. a postdata postentry s. 1.
(cont.) nregistrare ulterioar 2.
declaraie (vama) suplimentar poster s.
poster, afi
~ advertising - publicitate prin postere
posthaste adv. expres (despre scrisor)
postman s. pota, factor potal postmark
s. tampil potal v.t. a tampila {scrisori
etc.) postmaster s. diriginte de pot
postpaid adj., adv. francat potential adj.
potential ~ customer - client potenial ~
market - pia potenial, debueu
potenial
pottery s. 1. olrie; ceramic 2. olrie
(atelier, fabric)
~ industry - industria ceramic ~
ware - produse de olrie

POS-PRA

poulterer s. negustor de psri de curte

poultry s. 1. psri de curte 2. came de
pasre de curte ~ farm - ferm avicol ~
farmer - avicultor ~ farming - avicultur
pound s. 1. livr, funt, pfund, (unitate de
msur pentru greutate) 1. lir ster-lin 3.
lir v.i. (la monetrie) a verifica greutatea
monedelor
~ -foolish - neglijare a administrrii
sumelor mari de bani (ca rezultat al
preocuprii excesive pentru fondurile mic)
~ sterling - lir sterlin poundage s. 1.
greutate n livre 2. tax (yamal etc.) pe
livr 3. procent calcu-lat pe lir sterlin (la
salarii, profituri ec.)
poverty s. srcie ~ level / line - prag de
srcie ~ trap - capcana srciei (situaie
n care se afl o persoan cu venituri mici,
al crei ajutor social e diminuat nfuncie
de
ctigul
obinut
din
munca
siiplimentar i care nu are stimulente
pentru a munci)
power s. 1. putere, energie 2. autoritate;
control 3. mputemicire, mandat
~ of attorney - procur ~ of sale - drept de
vnzare (dreptul executorului testamentar
de a vinde o parte din masa succesora) ~
plant - central electric practical adj. 1.
practic; util, folositor 2. de drept
~ owner - proprietar de drept practice s. 1.
practic 2. practicare, profesare, exercitare
(a unei profesi) 3.

PRA-PRE

clientel (de medic sau avocat) 4.

metod, procedeu 5. uzan
~ s of trade - uzane comerciale
the ~ of the courts - (dr.)
jurispruden
practise v.t. 1. a practica, a profesa, a
exercita (o profesie) v.i. a practica, a
profesa
practitioner s. 1. medic sau avocat
practicant 2. practician; profesionist,
specialist
precalculated adj. antecalculat
~ cost price - pre de cost antecalculat
precapitalistic adj. precapitalist
precast adj. prefabricat (din beton)
~ unit - element prefabricat din beton
precautionary adj. preventiv
~ balance - sold de numerar preventiv
(numerar pstrat pentm cheltuieli
neprevzute)

precept s. ordin de plat (emis de o

persoan mputernicita)

precontract s. precontract
predatory adj. acaparator
~ pricing - stabilire de preuri
acaparatoare (preuri sczute iniial
pentru eliminarea concurenei i
instituirea monopolului)

preempt v.t. 1. a ocupa (teren) pentru a

dobndi dreptul de preempiune 2. a
cumpra naintea altora; a lua n
posesie naintea altora
preemption s. (dr.) drept de
preempiune
preemptive adj. preemptiv
bid - ofert avantajoas de cumprare
(pentru descurajarea altor ofertani)
~ patenting - brevetare de blocare
(brevetarea unui produs sau a unui

233

proces tehnologic cu scopul de a-l face

inaccesibil concurenei) ~ right - drept de
preemiune (clauz din contractul de
societate i stalut care d acionarilor
comuni dreptul de a cumpra proporional
noi emisiuni de aciuni comune sau titluri
de valoare convertibile n aciuni comune)
prefabricate v.t. a prefabrica prefer v.t. 1.
a prefera 2. a avansa, a promova (in
servicui) 3. a nainta (o cerere, o
plngere); a formula (o revendicare)
preference s. 1. preferin 2. drept de
prioritate; regim preferenial ~ capital capital al unei companii emis sub form de
aciuni prefereniale -' shares - aciuni
prefereniale ~ shareholder - acionar
deintor de aciuni prefereniale
preferential adj. preferenial; privile-giat
~ claim - privilegiu
~ creditor - creditor preferenial (ale crui
creane sunt rambursate prioritar n caz de
faliment)
~ debt - datorie preferenial (pltit
integral, n caz de faliment, naintea altor
datorii}
~ duty / tariff - tax / tarif vamal()
preferenial() (la import) ~ payments (dr.) pli prefereniale (efectuate din
averea unuifalit) ~ right - drept
preferenial ~ shares - aciuni prefereniale
(cu plata prioritar a dividendelor) ~ shop
- ntreprindere care acord tratament
preferenial (membrior de sindicat)
~
terms
condiii
prefereniale
preferentialism s. sistem preferenial

234

preferment s. 1. avansare, promovare (n

serviciu) 1. funcie superioar preferred v.
preferential prejudice s. prejudiciu,
pagub, daun v.t. a prejudicia, a cauza
prejudicii preliminary adj. preliminar ~
design / plan / project - anteproiect ~ entry
- declaraie vamal prelimi-nar
~ expenses - cheltuieli preliminare / de
mfnnare (a unei societi)
~ hearing - audiere preliminar

~ work - lucrare pregtitoare

premise s. 1. premis, punct de plecare
2. pl. (dr.) puncte sus-mentionate 3. pl.

(dr.) parte introductiv (a unui

document) 4. pl. cladire, imobil (cu
teren, instalaii etc.)
premium s. 1. premiu, prim (de
asigurare etc.) 2. (fin.) agio 3. tax de
ucenicie
~ bonus - prim pentru economisirea
timpului de lucru
~ for the call - (bur.) prim direct /
pentru opiune de cumprare
~ for the put - (bur.) prim invers /
pentm optiune de vnzare
~ on an issue / on shares - prim de
emisiune a actiunilor
~ on gold - (fin.) agio asupra aurului
~ on redemption - prim de rambursare
~ pay - prim de stimulare
~ (savings) bond - obligaiune cu
premii prin tragere la sori
~ wage system - sistem de salarizare
cu prim
preowned adj. de ocazie, la mna a
doua
prepack v. prepackage
prepackage v.t. a preambala

PRE

prepay v.t. 1. a plti anticipat 2. a franca

prepayment s. 1. plat anticipat 2. francare
~ privilege - privilegiu de plat anticipat (a
unei datorii nainte de scadena)
present adj. 1. prezent; actual 2. pre-zent, de
fa s. 1. prezent; actualitate 2. cadou, dar
v.t. a prezenta, a-i da (demisio), a prezenta,
a depune (o cerere, un document etc.) ~
capital - capital disponibil ~ -day - actual,
prezent ~ goods - mrfuri disponibile ~
month - lun curent ~ value / worth valoare actual ~ value method - metod de
estimare la valoarea actual (a unei
investiii) presentation s. prezentare (a unui
efect de comer)
~ draft - trat la vedere president s.
preedinte (al unei societ); director
general press s. 1. pres; ziare 2. tipografe,
imprimerie
~ advertising campaign - campanie de
publicitate n pres ~ agency - agenie de
pres / tiri ~ agent - agent de pres ~
conference - conferin de pres pressure
s. 1. presiune, constrngere 2. greuti,
dificulti (financiare, economice)
~ of demand - presiune a cererii ~ of
taxation - sarcin / povar a impozitelor
presume v.t. a presupune, a prezuma
presumption s. prezumpie ~ of fact - (dr.)
prezumpie de fapt ~ of law - (dr.)
prezumpie legal presumptive adj.
prezumptiv

PRE-PRI

~ heir - (dr.) motenitor prezumptiv

~ total loss - (asig.) pierdere total
prezumat
previous adj. anterior, precedent,
prealabil
~ agreement - acord prealabil
~ design / project - anteproiect
~ endorser - andosator precedent
~ holder - titular precedent (al unor
titluri de valoare)
~ quotation - (bur.) cotare anterioar
price s. 1. pre, cost; valoare 2. (bur.)
curs, cotaie v.t. 1. a fixa preul; a
evalua, a estima 2. (out of) a cere un
pre exagerat pentru
~ advance - majorare a preurilor
~ asked - pre cerut
~ boom - explozie a preurilor
~ ceiling - plafon al preurilor
~ clause - clauza preului
~ control - control al preurilor
~ current - mercurial, list de preuri
~ cutting - reducere a preurilor
~ determination - stabilire a preurilor
~ discretion - fixare a preurilor la
discreie (de ctre intermediar)
~ discrimination - preuri difereniate
~ -earnings ratio - coeficient de capitalizare bursier (raportul dintre preul
unei societi la burs i beneficiile ei)
~ effect - efect al preurilor
~ elasticity / sensitivity - elasticitate a
preurilor
~ elasticity of demand - elasticitate a
preului la cerere
~ elasticity of supply - elasticitate a
preului la ofert
~ fxing - fixare a preurilor
~ floor - nivel minim al unui pre
(controlat)

235

~ fluctuation/movement/wave - fluctuaie a preurilor

~ freeze/freezing - ngheare a preurilor
~ index - indice al preurilor
~ leader - lider de pre (firma care,
acionnd ntr-un anumit domeniu, are
iniiativa stabilirii preurilor)
~ leadership - fxare a preului n
funcie de preul director
~ legislation - legislaia preurilor
~ level - nivel al preurilor
~ list - list de preuri, tarif
~ maker - cel care face preul
~ mechanism - mecanism al preurilor
~ of money - rat a scontului
~ -output policy - politic bazat pe
raportul pre-producie
~ pattern/structure - structur a preurilor
~ quotation - (bur.) cotaie
~ reduction - reducere a preurilor
~ regulation - reglementare a preurilor
~ ring - coaliie a comercianilor
pentru fixarea unor preuri (evitnd
astfel concurena)
~ sensitive - sensibil n termeni de pre
~ shading - reducere mic/nesemnificativ a preurilor
~ stability - stabilitate a preurilor
~ stabilization - stabilizare a preurilor
~ support - subvenionare a preurilor
~ tag / ticket - etichet cu preul
~ taker - cel care preia preul
~ theory - teoria preurilor
~ war - rzboi al preurilor
~ s afloat - (mar.) preuri ale
mrfurilor n expediie
priced adj. cu indicarea preului, cu
preul marcat; tarifat, evaluat

236

pricing s. fixare / stabilire a preului;

evaluare
~ policy - politica preurilor
~ procedure - metod de determinare
a preurilor
primage s. (mar.) 1. cap 2. supliment
la navlu pentru folosirea mijloacelor
bordului
~ and average accustomed - cap i
avarie conform uzanelor (clauz de
conosament)

primary adj. 1. primar, iniial 2. principal, fundamental

~ accumulation - acumulare primar /
iniial
~ advertising - publicitate primar
(reclam pentru un produs far
precizarea mrci)
~ debtor - debitor principal
~ goods - mrfuri / produse de baz
~ industry - industria primar (care
extrage i adun resursele natnrale
prin activiti cum ar fi mineritul,
agricultura etc.)

~ issue - emisiune primar

~ liability - rspundere principal
~ markets - piee primare (pieele pe
care sunt tranzacionate pentru prima
oar titlurile de valoare nou emise)

~ product - produs de baz; materie

prim
~ production - producie primar / a
materiilor prime
~ reserves - rezerve primare (rezerve
bancare care asigur lichiditi
imediate, dar nu genereaz venitur)

~ resources - resurse de materii prime

prime adj. 1. prim, nti 2. de prim
calitate, de calitate superioar, excelent
~ bill - cambie de clasa nti
~ bond - obligaiune de clasa nti

PRI

~ condition - condiie / stare perfect

~ contractor - antreprenor general
~ cost - cost de producie; pre de
fabric
~ entry - declaraie vamal preliminar
~ goods - mrfuri de prima calitate
~ (lending) rate - {fin.) rata dobnzii
de baz; rata la creditele n alb acordate
debitorilor cei mai solvabili; taxa
scontului la cambiile de clasa nti
~ quality - calitate superioar
~ time - or de maxim audien (la
radio i televiziune, pentru publicitate)
principal adj. principal ^. 1. patron;
ef, responsabil 2. (dr.) mandant 3.
(dr.) debitor principal 4. capital de
baz; capital iniial 5. ordonator (de
pli} 6. sum a creditului (la care se
calculeaz dobndd) 7. acionar
majoritar
~ and agent - mandant i mandatar
~ and charges - totalitate a creanei
~ and interest - capital i dobnzi
~ offce - central (a unei case de
comer, a uneifrme etc.)
~ sum - (,asig.) sum principal / total
(care este pltit n caz de moarte
accidental sau alte accidente majore)
print s. 1. publicaie tiprit; tipritur,
imprimat 2. tipar 3. estur imprimat,
imprimeu v.t. 1. a tipri, a imprima; a
publica, a edita 2. a imprima (pnzeturi) v.i 1. a tipri; a publica, a edita 2.
a se tipri, a fi sub tipar
~ works - fabric de imprimeuri
printable adj. care poate fi tiprit; bun
de tipar
printed adj. tiprit, imprimat
~ exchanges - buletin bursier (cuprinznd cursurile zilnice)

PRI

~ fabric / goods - imprimeuri, estur

imprimat
~ form - formular
~ matter / paper - impnmate
~ work - tipritur
printer s. 1. tipograf2. lucrtor care se
ocup cu imprimarea esturilor 3.
imprimant
~ 's error - greeal de tipar
~ 's proof - palt
~ 's ream - top (cantiate de hrtie)
printing s. 1. tipar; tiprire 2. imprimare (de pnzeturi)
~ firm/house/office/works - tipografie, ntreprindere poligrafic
~ industry - industria poligrafic
~ plant / works - imprimerie, fabric
de imprimat esturi
prior adj. anterior, precedent
~ charges - sarcini prioritare (plata
prioritar a dividendelor la aciunile
prefereniale)
~ claim - cerere de despgubire cu
drepturi prioritare; reclamaie anterioar
~ deposits - depozite bancare prealabile (cerute umii importator caform a
barierelor comerciale nontarifare)
~ preferred stock - (SUA) titluri de
valoare prefereniale (cu plata prioritar a dividendelor)
~ use - utilizare anterioar (a une
invenii brevetate)

priority s. prioritate; privilegiu

~ list - list de prioriti
~ of a creditor - privilegiu al unui
creditor
~ of date - prioritate n ceea ce
privete data
~ of invention - anterioritate a inveniei

237

~ of mortgage - privilegiu ipotecar ~

rights - drepturi de prioritate ~ schedule grafic de prioritate private adj. 1. privat,
particular;
personal 2. care nu deine o funcie
public; neoficial
~ account - cont particular
~ arrangement - concordat, acord cu
creditorii
~ bill - proiect de lege parlamentar
privitor la persoane sau s&cieti
particulare
~ brand - marc proprie/de comert
(nume de marc atribuit unui produs
de ctre un intermediar, de obicei un
detailist important)
~ investment - investiie privat
~ law - drept privat
~ (limited) company - societate cu
rspundere limitat
~ ownership - (regim de) proprietate
particular
~ person - persoan particular,
particular
~ placement - plasament privat
~ producer - productor particular
~ property - proprietate particular
~ (rate of) discount - rat de scont
neoficial
~ sale - vnzare particular / pe baz
de nelegere
~ sector - sector privat (m economie)
~ treaty - contract de vnzare-cumprare (intre dou persoane fizice)
privatization s. privatizare
privatize v.t. a privatiza
privilege s. 1. privilegiu 2. (bur.)
tranzactie cu opiune; drept de a efectua
tranzacii cu opiune 3. autorizatie,
patent 4. imunitate parlamentar v.t. 1.

238

a da / a acorda un privilegiu 2. a scuti, a

elibera (de o sarcin etc.)
~ leave - concediu cu plat
privileged adj. privilegiat
~ creditor - creditor privilegiat (ale
crui creane sunt rambursate prioritar
n caz defaliment)

~ debt - datorie privilegiat (pltit

integral, n caz de faliment, naintea
altor datori)

privity s. relaii juridice

~ in deed - obligaie contractual
~ in law - obligatie juridic
~ of contract - relaii contractuale
directe
privy adj. particular, privat, (de uz)
personal s. parte interesat, contractant
prize s. 1. premiu 2. ctig (la loterie)
3. priz maritim, captur; nav de
captur v.t. 1. a evalua, a estima 2. a
captura, a lua ca priz
~ bond - obligaiune cu ctiguri
~ bounty - prim de priz
~ court - tribunal de prize
~ money - prim de priz
pro prep. pro, pentru
~ forma invoice - factur pro forma 1
de complezen
~ rata freight - (mar.) navlu p ro rata 1
proporional
~ tempore - temporar, provizoriu
procedure s. 1. procedeu, metod 2.
(dr.) procedur
~ in bankruptcy - procedur de
faliment
~ of a court - procedur juridic
~ of customs - procedur vamal,
fbrmalitti vamale
proceeding s. 1. procedeu; modalitate
de a proceda / a aciona 2. tranzacie 3.

PRI-PRO

pl. (dr.) procedur 4. pl. proces-verbal;

dare de seam
to institute / to take legal ~s against
smb. - a deschide / a intenta proces
cuiva
proceeds s. pl. sum ncasat (dintr-o
vnzare, afacere)', beneficiu, profit
process s. 1. proces (tehnologic);
operaie, procedeu 2. citaie, somaie;
proces v.t. a prelucra, a supune unui
procedeu tehnologic; a fabrica
~ chart - diagram a procesului
tehnologic
~ costing - (cont.) determinare a
costului total al fluxului tehnologic
(pentru realizarea unui produs)
~ engineer - inginer tehnolog
~ industry - industria prelucrtoare
~ line - linie tehnologic
~ of manufacture - proces de
fabricaie
~ properties - proprieti tehnologice
~ server - aprod
processing s. prelucrare
~ department - departament pentm
elaborarea proceselor tehnologice
~ float - (fin.) flotaie de procesare
(flotaia cauzat de ntrzierile din
momentul cnd firma primete un cec
pn cnd l depune la banc)

~ industry - industria prelucrtoare

~ properties - proprieti tehnologice
~ stages - faze / etape de fabricaie
~ tax - impozit asupra prelucrrii
industriale a produselor
procuration s. 1. administrare /
conducere (a afacerilor) prin procur 2.
procur; mputemicire, mandat 3.
procurare, achizitionare 4. negociere (a
unei mputemicit)

PRO

~ fee - comision pltit pentru obinerea/intennedierea unui mpmmut

~ signature - semntur prin procur
procurator s. (dr.) procurist, mputemicit, mandatar
produce s. 1. produs; produse agricole
2. produs, rezultat v.. 1. a produce, a
fabrica 2. a cuitiva, a crete 3. a produce, a aduce (un ctig) 4. a prezenta
(acte, documene) v.i. 1. a produce, a
fabrica; a cultiva, a crete 2. a produce,
a fi productiv, a aduce ctig; a renta, a
fi rentabil
~ advances/Ioans - credite pentm plata
mrfiirilor achiziionate
~ broker - agent de marfa (la bursa de
mrfuri)
~ exchange - burs de mrfuri
~ market - pia de produse
producer s. productor, fabricant;
fumizor; productor (de filme,
spectacole, programe de radio i
televiziune)

~ price index - indicele preurilor

productorilor
~ s' boards - comisii ale productorilor/de marketing
~ (s) goods - mijloace de producie;
bunuri de investiie
producible adj. care poate fi produs /
fabricat
producing adj. productor, de
producie
~ capacity - capacitate de producie
~ centre - centru de producie
product s. produs (arificial sau
natural); articol, fabricat
~ abandonment/elimination - abandonare/eliminare a produsului (a producerii i a comercializrii acestud)

239

~ acceptance marketing - marketing

pe baza acceptrii produsului (de ctre
consumatori)
~ analysis pricing - stabilire a preului
pe baza analizei produsului
~ class - clas de produse
~ costing - stabilire a costului de
producie al produsului
~ design - concepere/proiectare a
produsului
~ development - dezvoltare a gamei
sortimentale
~ differentiation - difereniere a produselor
~ diversification - diversificare a produselor
~ engineering - tehnologie de fabricaie a unui produs
~ item - unitate de produs
~ liability - rspundere pentru calitatea
produsului (prevzut de legislaia
pentru protecia consumatorulu)
~ life cycle - ciclu de via al produsului
~ Une - linie de produse
~ management - managementul produsului
~ market - piaa produsului
~ mix / range - gam sortimental
~ placement test - testare a produsului
prin plasare (temporar la un eventual
cumprtor')
~ planning - planificare a sortimentului de produse
~ quality - calitate a produsului
~ research - sondare a cerinelor i a
gusturilor consumatorilor privitor la un
produs
~ strategy - strategie de produs
~ test - testare a produsului
production s. producie

240

~ basis - baz de producie

~ bonus - prim de producie
~ budget - buget de producie
~ capacity - capacitate de producie
~ control - organizare i conducere a
produciei
~ cost - cost de producie
~ credit association - (SUA) asociaia
de credit cooperatist pentru producie
~ department - secie de producie /
exploatare
~ estimate - fi tehnologic cu date
de timp pentm procesul tehnologic
~ fotces - forte de producie
~ goods - mijloace de producie;
bunuri de investiie
~ line - linie de producie
~ management - managementul produciei
~ manager - director de producie
~ - oriented company - companie
orientat spre producia realizabil (i
nu spre cea cerut)
~ plan / schedule - plan de producie
~ rate - ritm de producie
~ smoothing ~ nivelare a produciei
~ time - timp necesar pentru executarea operaiilor de producie
~ unit - unitate de producie
productive adj. 1. productiv; fertil,
rodnic (despre sol) 1. rentabil, bnos
~ assets - active productive
~ capacity - capacitate de producie
~ capital - capital productiv
~ debt - datorie (public) productiv
(mprumut investit de stat n active
productive)
~ equipment - echipament de producie
~ forces - forte de producie
~ investment - investiie productiv

PRO

~ potential - potenial de producie

~ rate - productivitate, randament
~ relations - relaii de producie
~ wages - salarii direct productive
productivity s. productivitate; rentabilitate
~ agreement - acord de productivitate
(intre sindicat i patronat, prin care
mririle salariale sunt condiionate' de
creterea productiviti)
~ bonus - prim de productivitate
deal - acord de mrire a
productivitii {n funcie de care se acord
i creteri salariale) ~ of labour productivitate a muncii profession s.
profesie, meserie, ocupaie
professional adj. profesional; profesionist, de profesie / meserie s. expert,
specialist, profesionist ~ corporation (SUA) corporaie profesional (care
pltete impozite) ~ partnership asociaie profesional/ necomercial
~ practices - uzane ale profesiunii ~ risk risc profesional ~ school - coal de
meserii ~ valuation - (cont.) expertiz
profe-sional
professionalism s. activitate profesio-nal;
profesionalism
profciency s. competen; experien
proficient adj. competent, capabil;
calificat
profit s. 1. profit, beneficiu, ctig 2.
venit net v.t. a fi profitabil pentru v.i. 1.
(by) a profita, a beneficia (de) 2. a fi
profitabil / avantajos
~ account - cont de beneficii
~ -and-loss account - (cont.) cont de
profit i pierderi

PRO

~ balance - sold de beneficiu

~ centre - (man.) centru de profit,
departament autonom (unitate n interiorul unei organizaii care este
responsabil de propriul su profit)
~ -earning capacity - rentabilitate
~ expectations - beneficii scontate
~ forecast - prognoz a profitului
~ margin - (com., cont.) marj de
profit
~ maximization - maximizare a
profitului
~ mix - structur a produciei
(totalitatea tipurilor de produse
realizate de o societate)

241

profitless adj. care nu aduce profit,

nerentabil
progress s. progres, dezvoltare v.i. a
progresa, a se dezvolta
~ payment - plat progresiv
progressive adj. 1. progresiv, treptat 2.
progresist
~ assembly/manufacture - asamblare/
productie n flux continuu
~ consumer - consumator progresist
(dispus s plteasc preuri mai
ridicate pentru produse mai bune)

~ tax - impozit progresiv

~ wages - salarii progresive
prohibit v.t. a prohibi, a interzice
prohibition s. prohibire, interzicere;
(SUA) prohibiie (a vnzrii buturilor

~ motive - motivaie a obinerii

profitului
~ rate - rat a profitului
~ sharing - participare (a salariailor)
la profit
~ squeeze - presiune exercitat asupra
beneficiilor; stoarcere a profitului
~ taking - (bur.) obinere de beneficii
(prin vnzarea aciunilor al cror curs

to issue / to publish a ~ - a interzice

printr-un decret
prohibitive adj. prohibitiv
~ duty - tax vamal prohibitiv
~ price - pre prohibitiv / inaccesibil
project s. 1. proiect, plan 2. antier de

a crescut)

construcii; obiectiv (industrial) v.t. a

~ tax - impozit pe profit

to bring in ~ - a aduce un profit
to leave a ~ - a permite / a rezulta un
profit
to share in the ~s - a participa la
beneficii
profitability v. profitableness
profitable adj. profitabil, avantajos;
rentabil
profitableness s. caracter profitabil;
rentabilitate
profiteer s. profitor; speculant v.i. a
specula, a face specul
proftgraph s. grafic al pragului de
rentabilitate

proiecta
~ financing - finanare a proiectelor de
investiii
~ management - managementul proiectului
proletarian adj., s. proletar
proletarianize v.t. a proletariza, a
aduce la conditia de proletar
proletariat s. proletariat
promisee s. beneficiar, persoan care a
primit un bilet la ordin; creditor
promisor s. persoan care a emis un
bilet la ordin; subscriitor, emitent;
debitor
promissory adj. care conine o
promisiune sau o obligaie

alcoolice)

242

~ note - bilet la ordin

promote v.t. 1. a promova, a sprijini
{iniiative, interese etc.) 2. a fonda (o
societate) 3. a face reclam (unui
produs) 4. a avansa (nfuncie)
promoter ^. 1. promotor, iniiator (al
unui proiecf) 2. fondator, ntemeietor
(a unei societi)
~ 's shares/stock - aciuni de fondator
promotion s. 1. promovare, sprijinire
(de iniiative, interese etc.) 2. fondare,
nfiinare (a unei societ) 3. avansare
(n funcie} 4. publicitate, reclam
(pentru un produs)
~ expenses - cheltuieli de constituire /
nfiinare (a unei societi)
~ man - intennediar
~ matter - material publicitar
~ strategy - strategie de promovare (a
unui produs)

promotional adj. promoional, de

promovare / reclam
~ advertising - publicitate / reclam
pentru promovarea unui produs
~ budget - buget promoional (pentru
publicitatea unui produs)
prompt adj. 1. prompt, imediat 2. n
numerar, pein (despre bani)', punctual
(despre plat) s. scaden, termen de
plat; contract cu scaden
~ cash against documents - numerar
contra documente
~ date - scaden, termen de plat
~ day - zi de plat (a mrfurilor
cumprate prin licitaie la bursa de
mrfur)

~ delivery - livrare / predare imediat

~ note - not de avizare a scadenei
~ tonnage - (mar.) tonaj disponibil

PRO

proof s. 1. (dr.) prob; titlu 2.

ncercare, prob; verificare, control 3.
trie normal (a alcoolului)
~ department - departament de
control (unitatea central a unei bnci
care verifc toate tranzaciile efectuate)
~ ot debt / indebtedness - (dr.) titlu de
crean
~ of delivery - dovad de predare a
mrfii
~ of origin - dovad a originii (unui
produs)
~ of ownership - titlu de proprietate
~ sheet - palt
propensity s. nclinaie (spre un
anumit comportament economic)

~ to consume - nclinaie spre consum

~ to import - nclinaie spre import
~ to invest - nclinaie spre investiie
(in mijloace de prodncie a investitorilor particular}

~ to save - nclinaie spre economie

propertied adj. avut, bogat
the ~ classes - clasele avute
property s. proprietate (funciar,
imobiliar)', bunuri, avere
~ company - societate care vinde,
cumpr sau nchiriaz imobile,
parcele
~ damage - pagub material
~ damage insurance - asigurare de
rspundere civil
~ insurance - asigurare de proprietate
~ register - registru de cadastru
~ tax - impozit pe proprietate
proportional adj. proportional
~ taxation - impunere proportional
proprietary adj. 1. de proprietate (despre drepturi, acte etc.); particular 2.
patentat, brevetat (despre produse) 3.

PRO

avut, bogat {despre clase) s. 1.

proprietar 2. proprietate, avere
~ article/product - articol/produs patentat
~ company - holding; societate care
deine teren minier; societate cu
rspundere limitat (in Australia i
Africa de Sud)

~ insurance - asigurare efectuat de o

societate comercial de asigurri (spre
deosebire de o asigurare mutual)
~ rights - drepturi de proprietate
proprietor 5'. proprietar, stpn
proprietorship s. drept de proprietate;
proprietate, posesiune
prosecute v.t. a da njudecat, a urmri
njustiie v.i. a intenta un proces
prosecution s. 1. urmrire judiciar 2.
acuzare (parte ntr-un proces)

prosecutor s. reclamant
prospect s. 1. (i pl.) perspective,
posibiliti 2. cumprtor / client
eventual 3. prospeciune (geologic)
v.t. a prospecta (un teren, o mina)

prospective adj. 1. n perspectiv, de

viitor 2. eventual, probabil
~ buyer - cumprtor eventual
~ damages - daune probabile
~ obligation - obligaie viitoare
prospector s. prospector
prospectus s. prospect, brour, pliant;
catalog; list de preuri prosper v.i. a
prospera, a propi prosperity s.
prosperitate, bunstare prosperous adj.
prosper protection s. 1. protecie 2. protectionism, sistem vamal protecionist ~ tarifftarifvamal protecionist protectionism s.
protecionism, sistem vamal protecionist

243

protectionist s. protecionist, adept al

protecionismului
protective adj. 1. protector, de protectie 2. protecionist
~ duty - tax vamal protecionist
~ inventory - stoc de siguran
~ system - sistem vamal protecionist
~ tariff - tarifvamal protecionist
protest s. 1. protest; obiecie 2. protest
(al cambie) v.t. a protesta (o cambie)
v.i. a protesta (mpotrivd)

~ for non-acceptance - protest pentru

neacceptare (a unei cambii)

~ for non-payment - protest pentru

neplat (a iinei cambi)

protester s. creditor care protesteaz

cambia
protestor v. protester
provide v.t. 1. a nzestra, a prevedea 2.
(dr.) a stipula, a prevedea v.i. a se
ngriji de acoperire (financiara}
provident adj. prevztor, precaut;
econom
~ bank - cas de economii
~ fund - fond de asigurri sociale
~ scheme - sistem de prevederi sociale
~ society - asociaie de ntrajutorare (a
muncitorilor)
provider s. fumizor
provision ^. 1. aprovizionare, fumizare
2. (cont.) provizion 3. rezerv (de
capital) 4. pl. provizii, alimente 5.
clauz, stipulaie (contractuala) v.t. a
aproviziona
~ dealer / merchant - bcan
~ industry - industria alimentar
provisional adj. provizoriu
~ account - cont provizoriu
~ insurance - asigurare provizorie
~ invoice - factur provizorie
~ liquidator - lichidator provizoriu

244

~ note - not de asigurare provizorie

proviso s. clauz condiional (intr-un
contracf)
proximate adj. proxim
~ cause -'cauz proxim (a cererii de
onorare a unei polie de asigurare)
proximo adv. ale lunii viitoare
on the 10111 ~ -pe 10 ale lunii viitoare
proxy s. 1. mputemidre, mandat,
procur; vot prin reprezentare {la
adunarea acionarior) 2. mputemicit,
mandatar, procurator
~ fight - lupta mputemicirilor
(ncercarea unei persoane sau a unui
grup de a ctiga controlul asupra unei
societi convingnd acionarii s
voteze o nou conducere)
prudence^. (cont.) pmden, prevedere
(concept de baz conform cruia cnd
dou valori simt posibile trebuie s se
rein cea mai sczut)
psychographics s. psihografie
public adj. public; de stat, al statului s.
public
~ accountant - contabil public /
autorizat
~ bill - proiect de lege de interes public
~ contract - contract de stat
~ corporation - corporaie public / de
stat; regie autonom
~ credit - credit public / acordat de stat
~ debt / funds - datorie public / de
stat

~ department - serviciu public

~ disclosure - divulgare a unei invenii
(naintea nregistrrii cererii de brevet)
~ domain - domeniu public
~ expenditure - cheltuieli publice
~ finance - finane publice
~ health - sntate public
~ holiday - srbtoare legal

PRO-PUB

~ issue - emisiune public de aciuni

~ law - drept public
~ lending right - drepturi pentru
mpmmutul public (de cri, pltite
autorilor)
~ liability insurance - asigurare de
rspundere civil
~ limited company - societate pe
aciuni
~ loan - mprumut de stat
~ monopoly - monopol de stat
~ offer - ofert public
~ offce - instituie de stat; funcie
public
~ official - funcionar de stat
~ opinion - opinie public
~ ownership / property - proprietate
public / de stat
~ procurement - comand guvemamental/de stat
~ records - arhivele statului
~ relations - relaii publice
~ revenue - venit public
~ sale - vnzare public, licitaie
~ sector - sector public / de stat
~ servant - funcionar public
~ service - serviciu de stat / public;
servicii comunale
~ stores - antrepozite vamale
~ subscriber - abonat
~ subsidy - subvenie de stat
~ trading - comert de stat
~ trustee - administrator public / din
oficiu
~ utilities - societate de servicii
publice; actiuni ale societilor de
servicii publice
~ utility company - societate de
servicii publice
~ welfare - bunstare naional
~ works - lucrri publice

PUB-PUT

publicist s. 1. publicist, ziarist 2. agent

de publicitate
publicity s. publicitate, reclam
~ agency - agentie de publicitate .
~ agent - agent de publicitate
~ campaign - campanie de publicitate
~ department - departament / serviciu
de publicitate
~ manager - ef al serviciului de
publicitate
~ material - material publicitar
~ stunt - reclam ingenioas, tmc
publicitar
publicize v.t. 1. a face reclam pentru
2. a da publicitii v.i. a face reclam
publish v.t. a publica, a edita
publisher s. 1. editor 2. (SUA) director
sau proprietar de ziar
publishing s. activitate editorial;
publicare, editare
~ agreement - contract de editare
~ house - editur
~ industry - industria editorial
purchasable ad.j. achiziionabil, de
vnzare
purchase s. 1. cumprare, achiziie;
cumprtur, lucm cumprat 2. venit
anual (pbinut din exploatarea unui
teren) v.t. a cumpra, a achiziiona
~ deed - act / contract de cumprare
~ for cash - cumprare cu plata n
numerar
~ invoice - factur de cumprare
~ money / price - pre de cumprare
~ on commission - cumprare n
comision
~ on credit - cumprare pe credit
~ order - ofert de cumprare (facut
fumiwrului, angrosistului)
~ s account - (cont.) cont de achiziii
~ s book/journal - registru de achiziii

245

~ tax - tax de cumprare (pentru unele

articole neeseniale) ~ trial - prob la
cumprare ~ value - valoare de cumprare
purchaser s. cumprtor, achizitor;
client
purchasing s. cumprare, achiziionare ~
agent - agent de cumprare (care
achiziioneaz mrfuri pentru patronul su)
~ party cumprtor; parte adjude-catar
(la licitai) ~ power - putere de cumprare
~ power bond - obligaiune cu valoarea
nominal (eventual i cu dobndd}
indexat n funcie de inflaie ~ power
parity - paritatea puterii de cumprare
~ power risk - riscul puterii de cumprare
pure adj. pur
~ competition - competiie pur/ perfect
~ economics - economie teoretic ~
interest - dobnd net purvey v.t. a
fumiza, a aproviziona cu (alimente)
to ~ for smb. - a fi fumizorul cuiva
purveyance s. 1. fumizare, aprovizio-nare
2. provizii, rezerve purveyor s. fumizor
push s. sprijin, susinere v.t. 1. a ex-tinde, a
lrgi (comerul) 2. a face reclam pentru; a
difuza, a rspndi 3. (forward) a accelera, a
stimula (o activitate) 4. (off) a arunca, a
scpa (de o marja) 5. (up) a mri (preur)
~ - and-pull-strategy - strategie altemativ
/ de naintri i retrageri put s. (bur.)
opiune de vnzare, put v.t. 1. a pune 2.
(aside, away, by) a

246

strnge, a economisi (bani) 3. (at) a evalua

la 4. (down) a plti n numerar;
a micora (preurile); a nota, a nsemna
5. (forward) a prezenta (wi /?Za etc.)
6. (ira) a introduce (o clauz) 7. (off) a
amna (platd) 8. (out) a investi (bani) 9.
(up) a ridica (preurile); a vinde la licitaie;
a avansa {ban}, a investi; a fabrica, a
produce
~ -and-call option - opiune dubl, stelaj
(care d drept deopotriv de cumprare i
vnzare) ~ -of-more option - opiune care
i d drept vnztorului s vnd un pachet
dublu de aciuni (fa de cel convenif) ~
option -optiune de vnzare pyramid s.
piramid v.t. a mri (pre-uri, salarii etc.)
piramidal/gradual v.i.
PUT-PYR

(bur.) a-i extinde operatiile printr-o serie

de tranzacii bazate pe diferena de curs
(utiliwndu-se profitul din twnzaciile n
derulare ca marj pentru viitoarele
operaii)
debt
datorie
piramidal
(contractarea de datorii succesive pentru
rambursarea datoriilor anteriore)
pyramiding s. controlarea unui numr
mare defiliale cu un capitol total mare de
ctre un holding cu un capital relativ
micprin comparaie ~ selling - vnzri n
sistem piramidal
structure
(man.)
stmctur
piramidal/ierarhic

Q
qualification s. 1. calificare, competen 2. calitate, proprietate caracteristic 3. restricie, rezerv, corectiv
~ shares - aciuni statutare (numr
obligatoriu de aciuni pe care o persoan trebuie s le dein pentru a
candida ca membru n consiliul de

administraie al societii respective)

~ test - prob de recepie
qualified adj. 1. calificat, competent 2.
condiionat, cu rezerve
~ acceptance - acceptare special / cu
rezerve (a unei cambii)

~ accountant - expert contabil

~ audit report - raport de audit cu
rezerve
~ bill of lading - conosament cu
meniuni
~ endorsement - andosare restrictiv /
cu rezerve
~ expert - expert autorizat
~ personnel - personal calificat
~ title - titlu de proprietate restrns
~ vote - vot cu majoritatea cerut (de
dou treimi)
qualify v.t. (for) 1. a califica, a pregti
(pentru) 2. a autoriza (s) v.i. (for, as)

a se califica, a se pregti (pentru, ca); a

dobndi calificare (pentru)
qualitative adj. calitativ
~ analysis / research - analiz /
cercetare calitativ (studiu depia)
~ restrictions - restricii calitative
quality s. calitate
~ assurance - asigurarea calitii
~ control - control de calitate

~ grade - clas de calitate

~ guarantee - garanie de calitate
~ management - managementul
calitii
~ manager - director pentru probleme
de calitate
~ of bills of exchange - categorie /
clas a cambiilor
~ production - producie de calitate
superioar
~ requirements - condiii de calitate
~ specifcations - prescripii de
calitate; condiii tehnice de calitate
~ survey - analiz a calitii
~ test - prob / control de calitate
quantitative adj. cantitative
~ research - cercetare cantitativ
(studiu depiaa)

~ restrictions - restricii cantitative

quantity s. cantitate
~ available / on hand - cantitate
disponibil
~ discount / rebate - rabat n fiincie
de cantitate
~ index - indice al cantitii
~ production - producie de mas / n
serie; producie n flux / pe band
~ surveyor - controlor / verificator al
cantitii, normator (in construcii)
quantum s. cuantum, volum, total
quarry s. carier (de piatr) v.t. a
exploata o carier
~ face - front de exploatare ntr-o
carier

~ stone - piatr de carier / constmcii

quarrying s. exploatare de carier

248

quart s. sfert de galon (unitate de

msurpentru capacitate) quarter 5'. 1.
sfert 2. trimestru 3. pl. cartier, locuine (mai
ales pentru militari) 4. sfert (de vit tiat),
ciosvrt 5. sfert de dolar (american sau
canadian; moned de 25 de cen) 6. sfert
(unitate de msur pentru greutate,
capacitate i lungime) ~ day - zi de plat
trimestrial ~ of year - trimestru
quarterage s. plat trimestrial quartering
s. 1. mprtire m patru 2. ncartiruire,
cantonare, staionare quarterly adj. 1.
dintr-un / de un sfert 2. trimestrial ^.
publicaie trimestrial adv. trimestrial
quartern s. sfert (depint, uncie etc.)
quash v.t. (dr.) a anula, a casa (o sentin)
quasi- adj. cvasi-~ -contract cvasicontract ~ -money - cvasibani ~ monopoly - cvasimonopol ~ -partner asociat cu numele quay s. chei; debarcader
~ apron - (SUA) zon operativ / de
margine a cheiului (pn la magazi) ~
berth - dan de acostare ~ dues - tax de
chei, cheiaj ~ rate - tarif redus de cheiaj ~
"side worker - docher (pe chei) ~ terms condiii de operare la chei ~ warehouse depozit pe chei quayage s. 1. tax de chei,
cheiaj 2. front al cheiurilor
quayman s. muncitor portuar (pe chei)
queue s. coad, rnd v.i. {i ~ up) a sta la
coad, a forma o coad to stand in a ~ - a
sta la coad quick adj. 1. rapid 2. (fin.)
lichid

QUA-QUO

~ asset ratio - (fin.) rata testului acid

(raportul active lichide - pasive
curente folosit pentru determinarea
solvabilitu uneifirme)
~ assets - active convertibile n
numerar; lichiditi
~ liabilities - pasiv pe termen scurt
~ - pay mortgage - ipotec cu termen
scurt de rambursare
~ returns - profit rapid
~ sale - vnzare rapid / uoar
quiet adj. calm, linitit
~ market - burs calm (cu interes
sczutpentru tranzaci)
quintal s. chintal
quire s. 1. top (cantitate de hrtie) 1.
coal de tipar (faluit)
quit adj. eliberat (de obligaii, datorii
etc.) v.t. a abandona, a ceda (im drept)
v.i. a demisiona
quitclaim (dr.) s. act de renunare
formal la un drept v.t. a renuna la (un
drept)
quitrent s. rent pltit de proprietarii
funciari (pentru scutirea de alte
obligai)
quittance s. 1. chitan 2. achitare,
stingere (a unei datori)
quorum ^. cvorum, numr necesar de
membri
to form a ~ - a constitui un cvorum, a
fi legal constituit
to have a ~ - a fi n numr statutar
quota s. 1. cot, cot-parte; dividend 2.
contingent (de mrfuri); tax de
contingentare 3. norm
~ restrictions - restricii de contingentare

~ sample - eantion reprezentativ

~ sampling - eantionare prin cote

QUO

~ subscription - subscriere a unei

cote-prti
~ system - contingentare (la export sau
import)

quotable adj. cotabil (la burs)

quotation s. (bur.) cotare, cotatie, curs
~ board - panou de cotaii (la burs)
~ for freight - cotare pentm navlu
~ for goods - pre cotat pentru mrfuri

249

~ of prices - cotare a preurilor, curs,

preuri
~ of the day - curs al zilei
quote v.t. a fixa, stabili (un pre)\ a
cota (la bursa)

~ sheet - list a cursurilor, cot a

bursei
quoteworthy v. quotable

R
rack v.t. a impune, a percepe (chirie
sau arend excesiv)
~ - rent - arend sau chirie excesiv;
valoare bmt {a chiriei sau a arendei
pltit anual pentru o proprietate)
~ - renter - proprietar care percepe o
chirie excesiv; chiria care pltete o
chirie excesiv
raid s. (bur.) speculaie pentm
coborrea cursului prin vnzri masive
de actiuni v.i. (bur.) a face s scad
cursul prin vnzri masive de aciuni
to ~ into the market - a provoca
panic pe pia
raider s. (bur.) persoan fizic sau
juridic care ncearc s obin controlul asupra unei societi (prin
cumprare masiv i brusc de actiun)

rail s. 1. cale ferat; transport feroviar

2. pl. aciuni ale societilor feroviare
v.t. a transporta pe calea ferat
~ carriage / transport - transport pe
calea ferat
~ port - (mar.) sabord pentru vagoane;
port de operatii directe din vagoane
(fr depozitarea mrfii n port)
~ shares - aciuni ale societilor
feroviare
railage s. 1. transport pe calea ferat 2.
plat pentru transportul feroviar
railhead ^. cap de linie; staie terminus
railman s. muncitor feroviar
railroad (SUA) s. 1. cale ferat;
transport feroviar 2. pl. aciuni ale
societilor feroviare v.t. 1. a transporta pe
calea ferat 2. a construi o cale

ferat ntr-o regiune v.i. 1. a cltori cu

trenul 2. a lucra la cile ferate ~ bill of
lading - scrisoare de trsur ~ demurrage
- locaie de vagoane
freight
rates
tarif pentru
transportul pe calea ferat ~ system - reea
feroviar railroader s. (SUA) feroviar,
lucrtor la cile ferate
railway s. cale ferat adj. feroviar v.i. 1. a
cltori cu trenul 2. a constmi o cale ferat
~ advice - aviz de sosire (a mrfii} pe
calea ferat
~ bill of lading - scrisoare de trsur ~
bond
obligaiune
feroviar
~
brotherhood - (SUA) sindicat al
feroviarilor
~ car / coach - vagon de cltori ~
carriage - vagon de cale ferat transport
feroviar
~ charges - cheltuieli / taxe feroviare ~
company - companie de ci ferate ~
concession - concesiune a unei ci ferate ~
ferry - feribot
freight rates - tarif pentru transportul
pe calea ferat ~ gauge - ecartament de
cale ferat ~ network/system - reea
feroviar ~ operating - exploatare a cilor
ferate ~ pool - trust feroviar ~ rates/tariff
- tarif feroviar
shares - aciuni ale societilor
feroviare ~ siding - linie ferat uzinal

RAI-RAT

~ station - gar; staie

~ terminal - cap de linie, gar
terminus
~ traffc - trafic feroviar
~ transport - transport feroviar
~ truck - vagon de marfa
~ vehicles - material rulant
~ waggon - vagon descoperit de.
mrfuri
~ works - uzin feroviar
~ yard - gar / staie de triaj
railwayman v. railman
raise s. mrire, sporire (de preuri,
salarii etc.) v.t. 1. a mri, a spori
(preuri, salarii, etc.) 2. a colecta, a
aduna (taxe, impozite) 3. a lansa (un
mprumut); a procura, a obine (capital,
fondur) 4. a crete (animale
domestice); a cultiva (legume, cereale)
5. a promova, a avansa (in grad,
funcie)

rally s. nviorare, revenire (a afacerilor); restabilire (a cursului aciunilor

etc.) v.i. a se nviora, a reveni (despre
afacen); a se restabili (despre cursul
aciunilor)
ranch (SUA) s. ranch, ferm,
cresctorie de vite v.i. 1. a avea un
ranch 2. a se ocupa de creterea vitelor
rancher (SUA) s. 1. proprietar al unui
ranch; fermier 2. lucrtor ntr-un ranch
random adj. aleatoriu
~ sampling - eantionare prin sondaj
range s. 1. linie / gam de produse 2.
fluctuaie
ransom s. rscumprare; pre de rscumprare v..t. 1. a rscumpra 2. a
scoate de la amanet
ratability s. posibilitate de evaluare /
estimare

251

rat(e)able adj. 1. evaluabil, estimabi!

2. impozabil 3. proportional
~ contribution - contribuie proportional
~ ton - ton impozabil
~ value - valoare (locativ) impozabil; evaluare cadastral
ratal s. cuantum al impozitelor locale
rate s. 1. pre, tarif; curs 2. evaluare;
calcul 3. rat (a plusvalorii etc.) 4. (pl.)
taxe locale/municipale; impozit pe
proprietate 5. coeficient, rat, procent
6. norm 7. rang, clas (a navelor) v.t.
1. a evalua, a estima; a cota; a stabili
tariful 2. a impune 3. a clasifica (nave)
~ collector - perceptor de taxe
comunale
~ of consumption - norm de consum
~ of discharge - norm de descrcare
~ of discount - tax de scont
~ of exchange - curs schimb
~ of interest - rata dobnzii
~ of loading - norm de ncrcare
~ of production - norm de producie
productivitate
~ of return - rata rentabilitii (rata
intern a rentabilitii unei investii)
~ of surplus value - rata plusvalorii
~ of taxation - rat/cot de impozitare
~ of technical substitution - rata
substituiei tehnice {mrirea produciei
prin fabricarea unui articol n locul
altuia)
~ of transport - norm de transport
~ of turnover - ritm de circulaie a
mrfurilor; dever
~ of work - norm de lucru
~s and taxes - taxe i impozite
~s rebate / relief - reducere a taxelor
locale / municipale
~s schedule - sistem tarifar

252

~ war - rzboi tarifar

rated adj. 1. evaluat, estimat, calculat
2. nominal, normal, proiectat (despre
un utilaj etc.)

~ capacity - capacitate nominal

~ load - sarcin nominal
~ output - producie nominal; randament nominal
~ value - valoare nominal
ratepayer s. contribuabil
ratepaying s. plat a impozitelor sau a
taxelor
rater s. 1. evaluator, preuitor 2.
taxator, funcionar care stabilete
tarifele

ratification s. ratificare
ratify v.t. a ratifica (un acord etc.)
rating s. 1. (asig., fin.) evaluare,
estimare; rating (fonnularea unei
calificri pe msura posibilului risc de
nerambursare - parial sau total asumat de investitorul care a realiza
plasamente n titluri financiare)
2. impunere, taxare; tarifare; taxe comunale 3. clasificare, clasare; categorie
4. randament, productivitate
~ system - regim tarifar
ratio s. raport, rat, proportie;
coeficient, indice
~ analysis - analiza proportiilor
(pentru detenninarea performanelor
unui agent economic)

ration s. 1. raie 2. pl. provizii,

alimente v.t. 1. a aproviziona cu
alimente 2. a raionaliza
~ book / card - cartel (de alimente
sau alte produse uzuale}
~ money - compensatie bneasc
(sum de bani dat n locul unei raii)

rational adj. raional

RAT-REA

~ expectations - ateptri raionale

(explicarea comportamentului econo-mic
al indivizilor sau al companiilor n funcie
de opiunea pentru una dintre previziunile
realizate)
rationalization s. 1. raionalizare, aplicare
a metodelor de management tiinific 2.
raionalizare (a alimentelor, a materiilor
prime etc.) rationalize v.t. a raionaliza
raw adj. brut, neprelucrat s. materie prim
~ goods - semifabricate ~ material materie prim ~ product - produs brut /
nefinisat rayon 5'. mtase artificial,
viscoz reach s. accesibilitate (numrul de
indivizi care recepioneaz mesajul unei
campanii publicitare) ready adj. gata
~ berth clause - (mar.) clauza danei
pregtite
~ capital - capital circulant ~ cash / money
- bani lichizi / ghea, numerar
~ made/-to-wear - de gata, gata confecionat
~ - made / - to-wear clothes -confecii
~ market - pia profitabil (imde
mrfurile se vnd rapid i cu profit bun}
~ sale - vnzare rapid / uoar ~ -to-cook
foods - semipreparate culinare
~ -to-eat / - to-serve Joods - (SUA)
preparate culinare
real adj. 1. real 2. (dr.) real, imobiliar,
patrimonial 3. veritabil, autentic;
natural, nefalsificat ~ accounts (cont.) conturi reale

REA-REC

~ agreement - contract de hchiriere

sau arendare pe termen lung
~ aggregate demand - cerere global
real
~ assets - active reale
~ capital - capital real
~ cost - cost real
~ estate / property - proprietate
imobiliar
~ estate agent / broker / operator agent imobiliar
~ estate investment trust - fond de
plasament n valori imobiliare
~ estate loan - mprumut ipotecar
~ estate market - pia imobiliar
~ estate register ~ cadastru
~ estate tax - impozit imobiliar
~ exchange rate ~ curs de schimb real
~ income - venit real
~ money - bani efectivi, moned
efectiv
~ rate of interest - rata real a
dobnzii
~ tare - tar real
~ value - valoare real / efectiv
~ wages - salariu real
realignment s. (fin.) realiniere (a
cursurilor de schimb)
realizable adj. 1. realizabil 2. convertibil n numerar (despre active, titluri
de valoare) 3. vandabil
~ assets - active convertibile n
numerar; lichiditi
~ goods - mrfuri vandabile
realization s. realizare (a unui plan,
contracf) 1. obinere (a unui pre) 3.
convertire n numerar (a activelor, a
titlurilor de valoare) 4. vnzare {a
mrfurilor)
realize v.t. 1. a realiza (un plan, un
contract etc.) 2. a converti n bani

253

(active, titluri de valoare) 3. a realiza, a

obine, a scoate (un profit)
realtor s. (SUA) agent imobiliar
realty s. proprietate imobiliar
ream s. top (canitate de hrie)
reappraisal s. reevaluare
reappraise v.t. reevalua
reassess v.t. 1. a reimpune, a reimpozita 2. a reevalua
reassessment s. 1. reimpunere, reimpozitare 2. reevaluare
reassurance v. reinsurance
reassure v. reinsure
rebate s. rabat, reducere v.t. a reduce
recapitalization s. recapitalizare
recapitalize v.t. a recapitaliza
recaption s. (dr.) reintrare n posesie
(prin bun nelegere)
recede v.i. a se deprecia
receipt s. 1. primire 2. chitan,
recipis 3. pl. ncasri, venituri v.t.
(SUA) a da chitan pentru, a iscli de
primire pentru
~ book - chitanier
~ for goods - recipis de primire a
mrfii
~ for payment - chitan de plat
~ in duplicate - chitan n dublu
exemplar
~ in full discharge - chitan de sold /
lichidare
~ on account - primire n cont
~ stamp - timbru de chitan
~s and expenses / expendture ncasri i cheltuieli
~s and payments - ncasri i pli
~s tax - impozit pe ncasri / cifra de
afaceri
~ to issue / to make out a ~ - a elibera
o chitan / recipis

254

receivable adj. de ncasat s.pl. sume de

ncasat
receive v.t. 1. a primi; a ncasa (ban)
2. a accepta, a admite
received ari/. 1. primit; achitat; ncasat
2. acceptat, admis
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament de
primire (mrfuri recepionate, ns
nencrcate)
~ stamp - tampil primit"
~ tare - tar admis (pentru calcularea
tarei ntregii partide de mrfuri)
receiver s. 1. primitor, persoan care
primete / recepioneaz; destinatar 2.
(dr.^ tinuitor (de lucruri furate} 3.
(com.) consignatar 4. (dr.)
administratorjudiciar, judector sindic;
lichidator
~ in bankruptcy - administrator judiciar;
lichidator (intr-un faliment) receivership s.
(dr.) 1. calitatea de administrator
judiciar/judector sindic 2. regim de
administrare judiciar (instituit cnd o
firm nu-i mai poate ndeplini obligaiile
financiare) receiving adj. de primire s. 1.
primire;
receptie; ncasare 2. acceptare,
admitere
~ clerk - agent de primire
~ house / office - birou de mesagerie
~ note - (mar.) ordin de imbarco
~ order - ordonan de punere sub
sechestm (in caz de faliment)
reception s. primire, recepie;
recepionare (de mrfurt)
~ clerk - recepioner
~ desk - birou de recepie; dispecerat
(la hoel)
receptionist s. recepioner, funcionar
la recepie

REC

recession

s.

recesiune,

cnz

(economica}

recessional adj. referitor la recesiune /

criz
recharter v.t. (mar.) a renavlosi; a
subnavlosi
rechartering s. (mar.) renavlosire;
subnavlosire
recipience s. primire, receptie,
recepionare
recipient s. primitor, destinatar;
beneficiar (al unui cec etc.)
reciprocal adj. reciproc; mutual
~ duty - tax vamal reciproc
~ shareholding - deinere reciproc de
aciuni (de ctre dou sau mai mule
societ)
~ trade agreement - acord comercial
pe baz de reciprocitate (cu reducerea
taxelor vamale)

reciprocity s. reciprocitate; acord

mutual (incheiat ntre dou sau mai
multe state, care prevede faciliti de
natur comercial)
reckon v.t. 1. (i ~ up) a calcula, a
socoti 2. a evalua
reckoner s. 1. tabel de calcul 2. contor
reckoning s. 1. calcul, socoteal 2.
not de plat
reclaim v.t. a ameliora {un teren) v.i. 1.
a face mbuntiri funciare 2. (dr.) a
face apel
~ days - termen de apel
reclaimant .s'. (rfr.)-reclamant
reclamation s. 1. reclamaie 2. mbuntiri funciare 3. {dr.) amendament
recommended adj. recomandat
~ retail price - pre cu amnuntul
recomandat (de productor)

REC-RED

reconcile v.t. a armoniza (diferitele.

tipuri de^ registre contabile ale unei
societ)
reconversion s. reconversie (adaptarea
unor industrii sau a unor sectoare
industriale la necesiti no)
reconvey v.t. (dr.) a retroceda
(vechiului proprietar)
record s. 1. registru; dosar; pl. arhive
2. act oficial, document 3. raport;
proces-verbal 4. nregistrare, consemnare 5. record 6. (dr.) stpnire de drept
v.t. a nregistra, a consemna
~ office - grefa; registratur
~ of service - stat de serviciu
~ output - producie-record
to be on ~ - a fi nregistrat/consemnat
to to enter on the ~ - a trece n raport /
procesul-verbal
recorder s. 1. arhivar; grefier;
ftmctionar la serviciul de registratur 2.
aparat de nregistrare
recoup v.t. 1. a despgubi; a compensa
2. a defalca
recoupment .'?. despgubire, compensaie
recourse s. 1. resurs; recurgere,
apelare 2. regres, recurs (practicat n
cazurile de protest al cambiilor)
recover v.t. 1. a recupera (pierder); a
ncasa (creane); a primi ca despgubire 2. a exploata (zcminte)
recoverable adj. recuperabil (despre o
datorie)
~ unforeseen expenditures - cheltuieli
neprevzute recuperabile
recoverableness s. posibilitate de
recuperare (a unei datori)
recovery s. 1. recuperare (a pierderilor); ncasare (a creanelor) 1. despgubire, compensaie 3. redresare, refa-

255

cere (economic) 4. recuperare, revalorifcare; valorificare a deeurilor

~ charges - cheltuieli de recuperare /
ncasare
~ cycle - ciclu de recuperare
economic
~ in kind - despgubire m natur
~ of business - redresare a afacerilor
~ of damages - recuperare a daunelor,
daune-interese
~ of prices - redresare / urcare a
cursului; urcare a preurilor
~ of the market - redresare / nviorare
a pieei
~ plant - instalaie de recuperare
~ share - aciune subevaluat (dar cu
posibiliti de redresare)
recruit v.t. 1. a recruta (personal) 2.
(mar.) a aproviziona
recruitment s. recrutare (de personal)
rectify v.t. a rectifica (bugetul etc.)
recuperate v.i. a se redresa (financiar)
recurrent adj. recurent, periodic
~ costs - costuri recurente
recycle v.t. a recicla (deeuri)
red adj. 1. rou 2. debitor; deficitar s.
debit; deficit
~ clause - clauza roie (prin care
vnztorul aflat n deficit poate obine
un avans bancar)

~ country - ar debitoare
~ ensign - pavilionul flotei comerciale
engleze
~ goods - (SUA) produse de culoare
roie (bunuri de consum, precum cele
alimentare, consumate i nlocuite
imediat)

~ tape / tapery / tapism - birocraie

~ tapist - birocrat; funcionar
to be in the ~ - a fi n deficit; a fi
debitor

RED-REF

256

to come out of the ~ - a se solda cu un

beneficiu
redeem v.t. 1. a recupera; a rscumpra, a scoate din gaj sau amanet 2. a
amortiza 3. a restitui, a reda
redeemability s. rambursabilitate
redeemable adj. 1. rambursabil 2.
amortizabil
redeemer s. rscumprtor
redeliver v.t. 1. a livra din nou 2. a
restitui
redemption s. 1. recuperare; rscumprare, scoatere din gaj sau amanet 2.
amortizare; achitare, plat^ stingere (a
unei ipotec)

~ fund - fond de amortizare

~ loan - mpmmut pentru amortizare
~ premium - prim de rscumprare
~ price - pre de rscumprare
~ quota - cot de amortizare
~ table - plan de amortizare
~ value - valoare de rambursare /
amortizare
~ yield - randament pn la maturitate
(rata dobnzii obinute la o obligaiune
dac aceasta este pstrat pn la
maturitate)

redhibition s. (dr.) redhibiiune

redhibitory adj. redhibitoriu
rediscount s. 1. reescontare 2. pl.
efecte de comert reescontate v.t. a
reesconta
~ rate - tax de reescontare
redistribute v.t. a redistribui (yenituri
ec.)
redraft s. contracambie
reduce v.t. 1. a reduce, a micora, a
scdea 2. a converti, a face schimb de
(yalut)

to ~ money - a face schimb de valut

reduced adj. 1. redus, micorat, sczut

2. convertit, schimbat {despre valut)
~ goods - solduri
reducible adj. reductibil, care se poate
reduce
~ waste - deeuri prelucrabile (pentru
refolosire)

reduction s. 1. reducere, micorare,

scdere 2. (cow.) rabat, bonificaie,
remiz
~ factor - coeficient de reducere
~ m / of the price - reducere a preului
~ in turnover - scdere a cifrei de
afaceri
reenter v.t. (cont.) a renscrie (un
articol ntr-un cont)

reentry s. (dr.) repunere n posesie /

drepturi
reexport s. 1. reexport; reexportare
2. pl. mrfuri de reexport v.t. a reexporta
~ trade - comer intermediar / de
reexport
reexportation s. reexport; reexportare
reexporter s. reexportator
refer v.t. (to) a trimite la, a ndmma
ctre/spre
~ to the drawer - adresai-v emitentului (formul pe un cec)
referee s. 1. (dr.) arbitm 2. (man.)
persoan care d referine
~ in case of need - avalist
refgure v.t. a recalcula
refinance v.t. a refinana
refinancng s. refmanare
~ credit - credit de refinanare
refinev.r. arafina
refined adj. rafinat
~ product carrier - petrolier pentru
produse albe"
refinement s. rafinare

REF-REG

refnery s. rafinrie
~ port - port cu rafinarie
reft s. 1. reparatie, revizie 2. (mar.)
reechipare, rearmare, reutilare v.t. 1. a
repara; a repune n funciune 2. (mar.)
a reechipa, a rearma, a reutila
reflate v./. (/w.) a produce reflaie
reflation ^. (fn.) reflaie
refloat v.t. 1. (mar.) a ranflua 2. a
emite din nou (un mprumut) 3. a
repune n activitate (o ntreprindere
etc.)

refloating s. 1. (mar.) ranfluare 2. nou

emitere (a unui mprnmut) 3. repunere
n activitate (a unei ntreprinderi)
reform s. reform {economica) v.t. a
refonna
reforward v.t. a reexpedia
refrigerant adj. refrigerent s.
refrigerent, agent frigorific
~ fluid - agent frigorific lichid
~ mixture - amestec refrigerent
refrigerate v.t. a refrigera, a congela
refrigerated adj. refrigerat, congelat;
frigorific
~ barge - lep frigorifc
~ cargo carrier/ship/vessel - nav
fngorifc
~ container - container frigorific
~ fish carrier - nav frigorific de
pete
~ room - compartiment frigorific
~ shipping - transport de mrfuri
refrigerate; flot de nave frigorifce
~ truck - camion frigorific
~ waggon - vagon frigorific
refrigerating adj. frigorific s. refrigerare, congelare
~ capacity - capacitate de refrigerare
(a instalaiei)
~ chamber - camer frigorific

257

~ industry - industria frigului

~ machine - frigorifer
~ mixture - amestec refrigerent
~ plant - instalaie frigorifc
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor frigorifice
~ trawler - trauler frigorific
refrigeration s. 1. refrigerare, congelare 2. frigotehnic
~ ton - ton de refrigerare
refuel v.i. a se (re)alimenta cu
combustibil; (mar.) a bunchera
refuge s. refugiu
~ dues - taxe de staionare n portul de
refugiu
~ harbour / port - port de refugiu
refugee s. refugiat
~ capital - capital refugiat (atras din
strintate de dobnzi ridicate sau de
un climat politic sigur)

refund s. 1. rambursare; plat/despgubire pentru cheltuieli v.t. a rambursa;

a despgubi pentru cheltuieli regain s.
recuperare; reintrare n posesie v.t. a
rectiga, a recupera to ~ possession of - a
reintra n posesia register s. 1. registru,
catalog; borde-rou, list 2. registru naval /
maritim 3. (mar.) caric, ncrctur 4.
contor, aparat de nregistrare v.t. 1. a
nregistra, a trece n registru; a nmatricula
(o societate, un automobil, o nav etc.) 2. a
nzestra (nava) cu acte de identitate 3. a
nregistra, a marca (despre contor) ~ book
- carte de registru (cu date despre
clasificarea navelor) ~ card - fi de
eviden ~ of companies - registru de
comert ~ of members - registru al
acionarilor ~ of mortgages - registru de
sarcini i ipoteci

REG

258

~ of shipping - registru naval /

maritim
~ office - registratur
~ ton - ton - registru
~ tonnage - tonaj-registru
registered adj. nregistrat, nscris;
nmatriculat
~ address - adres social ~ bond obligaiune nominal ~ capital - capital
nregistrat / nominal ~ certificate certificat nominal (de aciuni)
~ letter - scrisoare recomandat ~ name denumire nregistrat (a firme) ~ office sediu social
parcel - colet potal cu valoare
declarat
~ proprietor - proprietar cu titlu de
proprietate nregistrat/nscris (n cartea
funciara)
~ shares - aciuni nominale ~ title - titlu de
proprietate nregistrat/ nscris (n cartea
funciara) ~ tonnage - tonaj-registru ~
trade mark - marc de comert nregistrat, marc depus registering adj.
nregistrator, de nre-gistrare s. 1.
nregistrare, nscriere (in registrn) 1.
expediere recomandat (a unei scrisori} 3.
(rfr.) transcriere registrar s. 1. arhivar 2.
grefier 3. notar
~ of companies - director al registrului de
comert
registration s. 1. nregistrare, nscriere (n
registru) 2. expediere recomandat {a unei
scrisori) 3. (rfr.) transcriere ~ countries ri n care o cerere de brevet de invenie
poate f nregistrat

(beneficiind de prioritate convenional)

~ dues / fees - tax de nregistrare
~ number - numr de nregistrare
~ office - registratur
~of mortgage - nscriere / transcriere
ipotecar
~ of trade marks - nscriere /
depunere a mrcilor de comert
registry s. 1. registratur; birou, oficiu
2. nregistrare, nscriere 3. registru,
catalog 4. (mar.) pavilion
~ of shipping - registru naval/maritim
~ offce - registratur; oficiul strii
civile; oficiu de plasare (a oamenilor
de serviciu)

regressive adj. regresiv

~ supply - ofert regresiv
~ tax - impozit regresiv
regular adj. 1. regulat 2. obinuit,
curent, normal 3. reglementar
customer
client
obinuit/
permanent
~ employment - serviciu permanent ~
endorsement - andosare reglemen-tar /
complet
~ grade - calitate obinuit ~ income venit obinuit / fx ~ line - linie regulat
(de navigaie) ~ lot - (bur.) partid
normal de mrfuri
overtime - ore suplimentare
obinuite / normale ~ price - pre obinuit /
curent ~ recourse - (dr.) regres legal ~
salary - salariu permanent / regulat ~ size format obinuit ~ staff - personal
permanent ~ trader - nav de linie ~
traffic - trafic regulat

REG-REL

~ travellers - cltori cu abonament;

navetiti
~ way - (bur.) tranzacii care se
lichideaz n ziua unntoare
regularity s. regularitate; form
reglementar (a unui act)
regularize v.t. 1. a regulariza; a reglementa 2. a ordona, a aranja
regulate v.t. 1. a regulariza; a reglementa 2. a adapta (cerine, condiii)
regulation s. 1. ordin, ordonan 2.
regularizare; reglementare 3. pl. regulament, statut 4. ordonare, aranjare adj.
1. stabilit (prin regulament) 1.
reglementar
~ of monopoly - reglementare a
monopolurilor
~ of the market - reglementare a
pieei
Regulation T - (SUA) lege federal
care reglementeaz suma total a
creditelor care pot fi acordate de
brokeri clienilor pentru cumprarea
de titluri de valoare
Regulation U - (SUA) lege federal
care reglementeaz suma total a
creditelor care pot fi acordate de o
banc pentru cumprarea de titluri de
valoare
to bring under ~ - a reglementa
rehabilitation s. reabilitare, refacere
~ plan - plan de reabilitare / refacere
reimbursable adj. rambursabil
reimburse v.t. 1. a rambursa 2. a
despgubi, a indemniza
reimport s. 1. reimportare 2. pl.
mrfuri reimportate v.t. a reimporta
reimportation s. reimport; reimportare
reinstatement s. restituire a unui bun
(de ctre societatea de asigurri)
reinsurance s. reasigurare

259

~ clause - clauz de reasigurare

~ exchange/pool - convenie/asociaie
de reasigurare
~ policy - poli de reasigurare
reinsure v.. a reasigura
reinsurer s. reasigurtor
reinvest v.t. a reinvesti
reissue s. 1. reeditare, retiprire; ediie
nou 2. emisiune nou (de aciuni,
obligaiuni) v.t. 1. a reedita, a retipri 2.
a emite din nou (aciuni, obligaiuni)
relation s. relaie; raport
~s of production - relaii de producie
release s. 1. a elibera, a descrca (de o
datorie) 2. (dr.) act de transmitere,
cesiune (a unei proprieti etc.) 3. (dr.)
punere n libertate 4. eliberare, livrare
(de mrfuri) 5. (com.) chitan, recipis
6. permis (de ncrcare, descrcare
etc.) 1. autorizatie de publicare (n
pres) v.t. 1. a elibera, a descrca {de o
datorie etc.) 2. (dr.) a transfera, a ceda
(o proprietate) 3. (dr.) a pune n
libertate 4. a autoriza publicarea (n
pres)
~ of goods against payment eliberare a mrfurilor (din vam) contra
plat
~ of funds - deblocare de fonduri
~ of mortgage - scoatere de sub
ipotec
~ on bail - eliberare pe cauiune
releasee s. (dr.) cesionar
releasor s. (dr.) cedent
relevant adj. relevant
~ risk - (fin.) risc relevant (riscul unui
titlu de valoare care nu poate fi
diversificat sau riscul depia)
reliability s. 1. bonitate, solvabilitate
2. fabilitate, siguran m exploatare (a
unuiprodus)

260

reliable adj. sigur; serios

~ bank - banc sigur / de ncredere
~ firm - firm serioas
~ guarantee - garanie solid
relief s. 1. reducere; degrevare (de
impozite etc.) 2. (a?r.) reparatie,
despgubire; ctig de cauz 3. ajutor,
asisten (pentru sraci, omeri etc.)
~ fund - fond de ajutor/asisten
~ works - asisten pentru omeri
relieve v.t. 1. a degreva (de o obligaie
etc.) 2. a ajutora, a ajuta (la nevoie)
relieving adj. 1. de reducere 2. de
ajutor
~ clause - clauz de exonerare
reload v.t. a rencrca; a transborda
relocation s. detaare
remain v.i. a rmne
to ~ in force - a rmne n vigoare
to ~ on hand - a rmne disponibil
remainder s. 1. rest, rmi 2. stoc
de crti nevndute 3. (dr.) drept de
motenire adj. rmas v.t. a vinde la
solduri (stocul crilor nevndute)
~ sale - soldare (de cr)
~ shop - magazin de solduri [de cr}
~ value - valoare rmas
remainderman s. (dr.) motenitor
subsecvent; succesor (al unei
moteniri)
remedy s. 1. (dr.) reparatie, satisfacie;
compensaie, despgubire 2. toleran
(a titlului unei monede)
reminder s. 1. memento; reamintire 2.
scrisoare de rapel / revenire
remission s. 1. scutire, degrevare (de
datorii etc.) 2. (rfr.) renunare {la
pretenii, drepturt)
remit v.t. a remite, a transmite; a
expedia (mrfuri); a trimite prin
mandat (bani) 2. a plti, a achita 3. a

REL-REN

scuti, a degreva (de datori) 4. (dr.) a

micora (p pedeaps, o amenda) remittal
s. anulare (a unei datorii) remittance 5'. 1.
expediere, transmitere (de bani, cecuri etc.)
2. bani expediai ~ man - persoan care
triete (m strintate) cu bani expediati de
acas remittee s. destinatar (al unei
remiter) remitter s. remitent, expeditor al
unei sume de bani
remnant s. 1. rest, rmi 2. deeu,
reziduu 3. cupon (de stofa) ~ sale - soldare
de cupoane (de stofa) removable adj.
detaabil, demontabil;
mobil
~ parts - piese detaabile removal s. 1.
deplasare, transportare 2. schimbare a
domiciliului, mutare 3. destituire, demitere
4. transfer 5. ridicare (a restriciilor) 6.
radiere
contractor(s) - companie de transport
de mobil ~ expenses - cheltuieli de
mutare ~ van - camion de mutri remove
v.t. 1. a muta, a transporta 2. a destitui, a
demite 3. a transfera 4. a ridica (restrici)
5. a radia v.i. 1. a se muta (din cas') 1. a-i
schimba serviciul
remunerate v.t. a remunera, 'a retribui
remuneration s. remuneraie, retribu-ie;
salarizare
remunerative adj. 1. remunerativ 2.
rentabil, profitabil ~ business - afacere
rentabil remunerativeness s. caracter
remune-ratoriu
remuneratory adj. lucrativ, rentabil
renegotiatev.r. arenegocia

REN-REP

renew v.t. 1. a rennoi; a prelungi (un

contrac); a relua (activitated) 2. a
reface, a restaura; a recondiiona
renewable s. care poate fi rennoit /
refacut sau prelungit
renewal s. 1. rennoire; prelungire (a
unui contract)', reluare (a activiti) 2.
refacere, restaurare; recondiionare
~ fund - fond de modemizare tehnologic
~ notice - not / ofert de rennoire (a
contractului de asigurare)
~ premium - prim de rennoire {a
contractului de asigurare pentru un an)
~ privilege of term insurance privilegiu de rennoire a termenului de
asigurare
~ rate - tax pentru prelungirea
creditului .
rent s. 1. chirie 2. arend; rent
funciar v.t. 1. a nchiria, a da cu chirie;
a nchiria, a lua cu chirie 2. a arenda, a
da n arend; a arenda, a lua n arend
v.i. 1. a fi nchiriat 2. a fi arendat
~ control - reglementare a chiriilor
~ - free - scutit de chirie sau arend
~ freeza - ngheare a chiriilor (de
ctre. stat)

~ of land - arend; rent funciar

~ ower - chiria, persoan care
datoreaz chiria; arenda, persoan care
datoreaz arenda
~ restriction - plafonare a chiriilor (de
ctre staf)

~ - roll - registru al arendailor sau al

veniturilor din arenzi
~ service - servicii (personale) care
nlocuiesc sau suplimenteaz chiria ori
arenda
~ tax - impozit pe chirii

261

rental s. 1. .cuantum al chiriei sau al

arendei 2. cas nchiriat 3. registru al
arendailor sau al veniturilor din arenzi
adj. referitor la nchiriere sau arendare
~ income - venit din nchirieri
~ tariff - tarif de nchiriere
~ value - valoare locativ
renter s. 1. chiria 2. arenda
reorder s. comand nou; reaprovizionare v.t. 1. a rearanja, a reordona 2.
a comanda din nou; a reaproviziona
reorganize v.t. 1. a reorganiza, a
restructura 2. a asana (fnanele)
repack v.t. a reambala
repair s. 1 (i pl.) reparaie; ntreinere

2. pl. (cont.) chekuieli alocate pentm

ntreinerea mijloacelor fixe 3. pies de
schimb v.t. a repara
~ parts / pieces - piese de schimb
~ service - serviciu de ntretinere
~ ship / vessel - atelier plutitor
- work - lucrri de reparaie
~ yard - antier naval de reparaii
reparation s. reparaie, reparare 2. pl.
despgubiri, compensaii (de rzboi
etc.)

repatriate v.t. a repatria (profitul)

repay v.t. a plti, a achita, a rambursa
v.i. 1. a plti, a-i achita datoriile 2. a
acorda o rsplat / recompens
repayable adj. rambursabil
repayment s. 1. plat, achitare, rambursare 2. rsplat, recompens
repeat s. 1. repetare 2. (com.) comand
de mrfuri similare cu transportul
anterior v.t. a repeta "(o comand, o
cerere etc.)
~ order - comand repetat
~ purchase sales volume - volum de
vnzri ale unor articole de consum
obinuit

REP

262

repetitive adj. repetat

~ manufacturing - producie de serie
replacement s. 1. nlocuire 2. pies de
schimb; nlocuitor
~ age - vechime limit / de nlocuire (a
unui utilaj)
~ cost - cost de nlocuire (al unui
activ)

~ demand - (com.) cerere de nlocuire

(a produselor defolosin ndelungat)
~ parts / pieces - piese de schimb
replenish v.t. 1. a reumple 2. a completa; a reaproviziona
replenishment s. 1. reumplere 2. completare; reaprovizionare
~ of stock - completare a stocului
~ of supplies - reaprovizionare
~ lead time - perioad de reaprovizionare {timpul dintre comand i
livrare)
replevin s. (dr.) recuperare a bunurilor
inute sub sechestru; hotrre de scoatere de sub sechestru; aciune de
scoatere a bunurilor de sub sechestru
replevy v.t. (dr.) a scoate de sub
sechestru; a recupera bunurile inute
sub sechestru
report s. 1. raport, dare de seam;
proces-verbal 2. reportaj v.t. 1. a face
un raport / o dare de seam asupra 2. a
t'ace un reportaj despre v.i. 1. (on,
upon) a prezenta un raport (asupra,
despre) 1. a face un reportaj
reportage s. reportaj
reporter s. 1. raportor 2. reporter
repository s. depozit, magazie,
antrepozit
repossess v.t. a repune n posesia; a
reintra n posesia
represent v.t. a reprezenta (o firm)

representation s. reprezentan (comercial)

representative adj. reprezentativ,
caracteristic, tipic s. 1. reprezentant;
delegat; 2. eantion reprezentativ.
mostr
~ money - bani reprezentativi (hrtie - moned cu acoperire total n metale
preioase)

~ offce - reprezentan
~ sample - mostr reprezentativ,
eantion-tip
~ sampling - eantionare reprezentativ

~ type - model-tip
~ value - valoare proprie
repressive adj. represiv
~ tax - impozit represiv (pentru
frnarea investiiilor, a consumului)
reprieve .$. amnare, psuire v.t. a
amna, a psui; a acorda un termen
(unui debitor)
reprisals s. pl. represalii
reprises s. pl. impozit anual (pe o
proprietate)
reproductive adj. reproductiv
~ debt - datorie (public) reproductiv
(imprumut investit de stat n active
productive)
repudiate v.t. 1. a repudia, a denuna
{un contract) 2. a refuza (plata unei
datorii, ndeplinirea unei obligaii)
repudiation s. 1. repudiere, denunare
(a unui contract) 2. refuz (de a plti o
datorie, de a ndeplini o obligaie)

repurchase s. rscumprare v.t. a

rscumpra
~ agreement - acord de rscumprare
(a titlurilor de valoare)

reputed adj. 1. celebru, faimos 2.

ipotetic, prezumtiv

REP-RES

~ owner - proprietar prezumtiv

request s. 1. cerere, revendicare,
pretenie 2. (com.) cerere v.t. a cere, a
solicita; a revendica
~ for payment / to pay - cerere de
plat
~ note - (mar.) permis vamal special
{de descrcare a mrfurilor perisabile
nainte de conrolul vamal)
~s book - condic de reclamaii
~ to insure - cerere de asigurare
to be in good / great ~ - a fi foarte
cutat / cerut
to be in limited / little / poor ~ - a fi
puin cutat / cerut
to comply with a ~ - a admite o cerere
to make ~ for - a cere, a solicita
require v.t. 1. a cere, a solicita, a
revendica 2. a necesita, a reclama, a
avea nevoie de
requirement s. 1. cerere, cerin, solicitare 2. necesitate, nevoie, trebuin
requital s. 1. rsplat, recompens 2.
descoperire, compensaie, indemnizaie
requite v.t. 1. a rsplti, a recompensa
2. a despgubi, a compensa, a
indemniza
reroute v.t. a schimba ruta / relaia; a
transporta pe alt rut
rerouting s. schimbare a rutei / relaiei
rerummage v.t. (mar.) a executa o
contrarevizie vamal (la. ncrcarea
mrfii de exporf)
resale s. revnzare
~ price maintenance - fixare a
preurilor de revnzare (sistem de
vnzare n care preurile la ultimul
consumator sunt stabilite de
productor)
~ value - valoare de revnzare

263

rescheduling s. reealonare (a
datoriilor)
rescind v.t. a anula, a rezilia (un
contract)
rescission s. anulare, reziliere (a unui
contract)
research s. cercetare (tiinific');
studiu, investigaie v.i. a face cercetri
(tiinifice)
~ and development - cercetare i
dezvoltare
~ department - serviciu de cercetare
~ institute - institut de cercetri
~ work - munc de cercetare
~ worker - cercettor
researcher s. cercettor {tiinifc)
resell v.t. a revinde
reservation s. 1. rezervare, retinere (de
locuri) 2. (dr.) rezervare, pstrare (a
unui drept)
~ fee - tax de rezervare {a locului)
reserve s. 1. rezerv; stoc, provizii 2.
(fin.) rezerv 3. rezerv, restricie;
clauz limitativ adj. de rezerv v.t.
1. a rezerva, a reine (locur) 2. (dr.)
a-i rezerva (un drept)
~ account - cont de fonduri de rezerv
~ against bad and doubtful debts fond (bancar) de rezerv pentru creane
dubioase
~ bank - (SUA) banc federal de
rezerve
~ capital - capital de rezerv
~ currency - rezerv valutar
~ deficiency - deficit de rezerv
~ deposit - depunere de acoperire
~ fund - fond acumulat/de rezerv
(pentru investifii)
~ price - pre iniial / de strigare (la
hcitaie); pre minim (acceptat de
vnztor)

264

~ ratio - (fin.) rata de rezerv (raportul

dintre rezerva monetar a unei bnci i
obligaiile totale fa de depozitele
clienilor)
~ requirements - rezerv minim
obligatorie
~ stock - stoc de rezerv
to build up ~s - a constitui rezerve
to draw on the ~s - a retrage sume din
fondurile de rezerv
reship v.t. (mar.) a rencrca; a
transborda
reshipment s. (mar.) rencrcare;
transbordare
reside v.i. a locui, a domicilia
residence s. 1. domiciliu, reedin
2.reziden
~ for tax purposes - domiciliu fiscal
resident adj. domiciliat; rezident s.
rezident
~ minister - reprezentant diplomatic,
ministru plenipoteniar
~ population - populaie stabil / fix
residential adj. rezidenial; referitor la
locuine
~ area - cartier rezidenial / de locuine
elegante
~ building - bloc de locuine
~ district - cartier de locuine
~ estate - teren parcelat pentru
construcia de locuine
~ hotel - hotel - pensiune
~ mortgage - ipotec imobiliar
residual adj. rezidual, restant
~ dividend theory - teoria dividendelor reziduale
~ unemployment - omaj rezidual
(omaj care afecteaz fora de munc
cu eficien sczut, necalifcat, fr
motivaie)

RES

~ value - {cont.) valoare rezidual

(valoarea rmas a unui activ
depreciabil)

residuary adj. (dr.) rezidual, restant

~ bequest / legacy - (dr.) motenire a
unui legatar universal
~ clause - clauz rezidual / restanta
(privitoare la legatarul universal)

~ estate - motenire rezidual /

restant

~ legatee - (dr.) legatar universal

residue s. 1. reziduu 2. (com.)
rmi, excedent, sold 3. (dr.)
motenire rmas (dup plata
impozitelor i a datoriilor)
resign v.t. a renuna la (un post, o
funcie etc.) v.i. (from) a demisiona,
a-i da demisia {din}
resignation s. 1. demisie 2. renunare
{la un drept)
to hand / to send in one 's ~ - a-i da /
a-i nainta demisia
resistance s. rezisten
~ level - nivel de rezisten (al cursului
aciunilor)
resort s. 1. resurs, mijloc 2. staiune
(climateric)
resource 5'. 1. resurs 2. pl. resurse
financiare, mijloace bneti
~ allocation - distribuire / repartizare a
resurselor
~ audit - (man.) audit al resurselor (m
vederea realizrii unei strategii
economice)
~ dependence - (nian.) dependen de
resurse (asisten financiar, furnizare
de materii prime etc.)
~ industry - industria minier
~ management - managementul resurselor

RES

resourceless adj. lipsit de resurse/

mijloace / posibiliti
resourcelessness s. lips de resurse /
mijloace / posibiliti
respectable adj. respectabil
~ bill - cambie de clasa nti
respite s. amnare, psuire, rgaz v.i. a
amna, a psui; a acorda un rgaz
(pentru achitarea unei datorii)

respondentia s. mprumut maritim cu

angajarea mrfii
~ bond - contract de mprumut
maritim cu angajarea mrfii
rest s. 1. rest, rmi 2. fond de
rezerv suplimentar (a unei bnci)
restaff v.t. a angaja din nou personal
pentru (o ntreprindere etc.)
restaurant s. restaurant
~ car - vagon-restaurant
restaurateur s. restaurator, patron de
restaurant
restitution s. 1. restituire, napoiere 2.
reparare, compensare (a unei pagube)
~ of damage - reparare / compensare a
daunei
to make ~ - a repara / a compensa o
daun
restock v.t. a reaproviziona (un
magazin), a reface (un stoc de mrfur)

restorable adj. care poate fi restituit /

napoiat
restoration s. 1. restituire, napoiere
(de bunuri, proprieti) 1. repunere n
drepturi; reintegrare (ntr-o funcie
anterioar) 3. restaurare, reparare
~ of goods taken m distraint - (dr.)
ordin de ridicare a sechestrului
restore v.t. 1. a restitui, a napoia 2. a
repune n drepturi, a reintegra 3. a
restaura, a repara

265

restrain v.t. a restrnge, a ngrdi

(comerul)
restraint s. 1. restricie, ngrdire 2.
constrngere
~ and detainment - constrngere i
reinere (a nave)
~ of authorities - constrngere
aplicat de autoriti {asupra nave)
~ of trade - restricii comerciale
restrict v.t. a restrnge, a limita
restricted adj. restrns, limitat
~ endorsement - andosare restrictiv
~ liability - rspundere limitat
~ licenc'e - licen partial / cu clauze
restrictive
~ market - pia restrns / limitat
(pe care unul sau mai muli
productori au decis s-i limiteze
vnzrile)
~ ownership - coproprietate, indiviziune
~ publication - publicaie de uz intem
~ tariff - tarif forfetar
~ voting shares aciuni cu drept de
vot restrictiv
restriction s. restricie; restrngere,
limitare (a creditelor)
restrictive adj. restrictiv, limitativ
~ business/trade practices - practici
comerciale restrictive (aciuni ale
societilor private sau de stat care
practic o concuren restrictiv
neoiala)

~ clause - clauz restrictiv

~ covenant - (dr.) acord contractual
restrictiv (care interzice anumite
aciun)
~ endorsement - andosare restrictiv
~ measures - msuri restrictive
restructure v.t. a restructura, a
reorganiza

266

retail s. vnzare/comer cu amnuntul/bucata/n detaliu adj. referitor la

vnzarea cu amnuntul/bucata/n detaliu adv. cu amnuntul/bucata/n detaliu
v.t., v.i. a vinde cu amnuntul/ bucata /
n detaliu
~ banks - bnci pentm activiti cu
amnuntul (care acord credite consumatorilor ifirmelor mici)

~ dealer - comerciant cu amnuntul,

detailist
~ distribution - distribuie / comer cu
amnuntul
~ outlet - debueu pe piaa vnzrilor
cu amnuntul
~ price - pre cu amnuntul
~ sale - vnzare cu amnuntul
~ shop - magazin cu amnuntul
~ trade - comert n detaliu / cu
amnuntul
retailer s. comerciant cu amnuntul,
detailist
retain v.t. 1. a reine 2. a angaja (un
avocat etc.); a lua n serviciu 3. a
pstra, a menine
retained adj. reinut
~ earnings / profit - profit acumulat /
nedistribuit (acionarilor cu scopul
formrii defonduri de investiii)
retainer s. arvun; avans, onorariu de
angajare (pentru un avocat)
retaliate v.i. (on) a aplica represalii
(impotriva)
retaliation s. represalii
~ tariff - tarif vamal de represalii
retaliatory adj. de represalii, represiv
~ duty - tax vamal de represalii
~ measures - msuri represive,
represalii
~ tariff - tarif vamal de represalii

RET

retention s. 1. reinere 2. pl. profit

reinut / nedistribuit {acionarilor cu
scopul formrii defonduri de investiii)
~ money - penalizri (in cazul
nendeplinirii obligaiilor contractuale)
~ ratio - rat de retenie (partea
profitului nerepartiza din totalul
profitului companiei)
retire v.t. 1. a pensiona, a scoate la
pensie 2. a retrage din circulaie (bani)
3. a achita (o cambie nainte de
scadena) v.i. 1. a demisiona; a se
pensiona 2. a se retrage (din afacer)
retired adj. 1. pensionat 2. retras (din
afaceri)
~ bill - cambie retras (inainte de
scadena) sau nlocuit (cu alte cambii)
~ list - list a funcionarilor pensionai
~ pay - pensie (a unui funcionar sau
militar)

retiree s. pensionar, persoan retras

din activitate
retirement s. 1. pensionare 2. retragere
din circulaie (a banilor) 3. achitare {a
unei cambii nainte de scadena) 4.
casare (a unui mijlocfix)
~ annuity - poli de asigurare cu plata
unei anuiti din momentul pensionrii
~ benefits - beneficii de pensionare,
pensii
~ funding - fonduri de finanare a
pensionrii
~ on account of age / pension pensionare pentru limit de vrst
~ plan - plan de pensionare
retiring adj. care iese la pensie,
pensionat; referitor la pensionare
~ age - vrst de pensionare
~ fund - fond de pensii
~ pension - pensie pentru limit de
vrst

RET-REV

retoolv.?. areutila
retractable adj. retractabil
~ bond - obligaiune retractabil (care
ii ofer deintorului opiunea de a o
revinde emitentului la valoarea
nominal, nainte de maturitate)
retraining s. recalifcare (profesional)
retrench v.t. a reduce, a micora
(cheluielile) v.i. a-i reduce cheltuielile, a face economii
retrenchment s. reducere, micorare (a
cheltuielilor)\ economie
retroact v.i. a avea efect retroactiv, a
aciona retroactiv (despre legi)
retroaction s. putere retroactiv, efect
retroactiv (al unei legi)
retroactive adj. retroactiv
return s. 1. ntoarcere, napoiere 2.
rambursare, restituire, ristum 3. {i
pl.) profit, beDeficiu; ncasri; randament, rentabilitate 4. refuzare, napoiere, reexpediere (de mrfuri necorespunztoare) 5. pl. mrfuri refuzate;
stoc nevndut 6. recompens, rsplat
7. raport oficial; comunicat oficial; dare
de seam, expunere 8. recensmnt (al
populaie) adj. referitor la ntoarcere /
napoiere v.t. 1. a rambursa, a restitui 2.
a aduce, a produce (un venit) 3. a
anuna, a declara (venitul) v.i. a se
ntoarce, a reveni
~ address - adres a expeditorului
~ draft - contratrat
~ duty - tax vamal restituit
~ fare - pre al biletului dus-ntors
~ freight - (mar.) navlu de napoiere
~ load - ncrctur de napoiere
~ of charges - degrevare de taxe
~ of expenses - dare de seam asupra
cheltuielilor
~ of income - declaraie de venituri

267

~ of premium - restituire a primei de

asigurare
~ of shares - randament al aciunilor
~ of the year - rezultat al exerciiului
financiar
~ on assets - rentabilitatea activelor
(raportul dintre profitul net i activul
total)

~ on capital / investment - rentabilitatea investiiei

- on (common) equity - rentabilitatea
capitalurilor proprii (profitul disponibil
pentru acionari mprit la capita-lurile
propri)
~s inwards book - (cont.) registru al
mrfurilor retumate / refuzate ~ ticket bilet dus-ntors returnable adj. retumabil
- goods - mrfuri n consignaie
returned adj. 1. restituit, napoiat 2.
refuzat
~ cheque - cec refuzat
~ empty - restituit gol (despre un
container sau vagon)

reusable adj. refolosibil

~ materials - materiale refolosibile
reuse v.t. a refolosi
revalorize v.t. a revaloriza (moneda
etc.)

revaluation s. reevaluare
~ of assets - reevaluare a activelor
~ reserve - rezerv obinut din
reevaluarea sau vnzarea unor active
revalue v.t. a reevalua
revenue s. 1. venit (anual); pl.
beneficii, profit 2. bunuri care constituie surs de venit
-- account - (cont.) cont de venituri /
ncasri fiscale
~ assets - capital circulant / mobil ~
authority - autoritate fiscal, fisc

268

~ bond - obligaiune cu ctiguri

(obigaiune municipal susinut prin
veniturile proiectului finanat) ~ collection
- colectarea impozitelor ~ cutter - alup
vamal ~ duties - taxe fiscale ~ earning
capital - capital productiv ~ expediture cheltuieli de ntreinere i productie
~ flag - (mar.) pavilion vamal ~ from land
- venit funciar ~ offce - administraie
financiar ~ officer - administrator
financiar functionar vamal ~ receipts ncasri fiscale ~ stamp - timbru fiscal;
banderol (care atest plata taxei de
timbru) ~ tariff - tarif fiscal ~ tax - impozit
pe profit ~ ton - ton vamal
reverse adj. invers s. revers; verso,
contrapagin v.t. 1. a inversa 2. (dr.) a
anula, a casa; a abroga ~ takeover - (bur.)
preluare invers (cumprarea unei societi
anonime de ctre una cu rspundere
limitat sau a unei societi mari de ctre
una mai mic)
reversible adj. reversibil ~ days - (mar.)
zile de operare reversibile
~ lay days - (mar.) stalii reversibile
reversion s. (dr.) reversiune, reversie to
come into ~ - a intra n posesia unui bun
prin reversiune
reversionary adj. referitor la
reversiune
~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate prin reversiune
~ interest - (dr.) reversiune, reversie
revictual v.t., v.i. a (se) reaproviziona

REV-RIG

revival ^. 1. relansare (economic);

reluare (a legturilor economice) 1.
repunere/reintrare n vigoare (a unei
leg)

revocable adj. revocabil

~ post - funcie amovibil
revocation s. revocare; anulare,
abrogare
revoke v.t. a revoca; a anula, a abroga
(o lege)

revolve v.i. a reveni periodic / cu

regularitate
revolving adj. care revine periodic / cu
regularitate
~ credit agreement - acord de credit
cu rennoire automat
~ fund - fond circulant (din care se
mprumut bani i n care se rentorc
creditele acordate cu dobnda
aferent); (SUA) tbnd (guvernamental)
circulant (destinat finanrii serviciilor
publice}
reward s. recompens, rsplat;
premiu v.t. a recompensa, a rsplti; a
premia
~ system - sistem de recompense
rich adj. 1. bogat, avut 2. roditor, fertil
to grow ~ - a se mbogi
to strike it ~ - a se mbogi peste
noapte
rider s. 1. anex (la un document, o
lege); alonj (la cambie) 2. clauz
adiional (la un contract)
rig v.t. a falsifica
to ~ the market - a manipula piaa, a
produce (n mod artificial) creteri sau
scderi de preuri
right adj. 1. drept 2. corect; exact s.
drept
~ and true delivery - (mar.) predare
exact

RIG-RIS

~ of action - drept de a aciona n

judecat
~ of angary - (mar.) drept de angarie
~ of entry - drept de (re)intrare n
posesie (asupra umd teren)
~ of frst refusal - drept de prioritate
asupra ofertei
~ of option - drept de opiune
of pre-emption - drept de preempiune
~ of return - drept de retumare (a
mrfurilor nevndute) ~ of search - (mar.)
drept de control / vizit
~ of signature - drept de semntur ~ of
way - drept de trecere / pasaj ~ s issue drept preferenial de subscriere (pentru
acionarii existeni) ~ offing - drepturi n
perspectiv (emisiune de titluri de valoare
ctre acionarii existeni)
~ to enforce - drept de a executa (prin
judecat)
~ to strike - drept la grev ~ to work drept de munc rightful adj. legal, legitim
ring s. 1. cartel, sindicat patronal 2. grup,
cerc (de persoane cu inerese economice
comune susinute pe ci ilegale) 3. ring, loc
de negociere (la burs)
riot .y.revolt, rscoal ~s and civil
commotions - (asig. mar.) rscoale i
rzboaie civile riparian adj. riveran; de pe
litoral / coast s. proprietar riveran rise s.
cretere, ridicare, mrire (a preurilor) v.i. a
crete, a se ridica, a Se mri (despre
preur)
to operate for a ~/to speculate on the ~ (bur.) a face speculaii la hausse

269

rising adj. n cretere / urcare

~ market - pia cu tendin de
cretere (a preurilor)
~ price - pre n cretere
risk s. (asig.) risc v.t. a risca
~ analysis - (fin.) analiza riscului
~ at sea - risc maritim / pe mare
~ aversion - aversiune fa de risc (a
investitorilor)

~ capital - capital de risc/pentru

speculaii
~ coefficient - coeficient de risc
~ - free rate - (fn.) rat fr risc
(rentabilitatea unei investifii lipsite de
risc)

~ insured - risc asigurat

~ management - managementul riscurilor
~ money - fond pentru manco de cas
~ of boats / craft - risc de transbordare
~ of breakage - risc de spargere
~ of capture and seizure clause (asig. mar.) clauza riscului de captur
i sechestrare
~ of collision - risc de coliziune /
abordaj
~ of seizure - (asig. mar.) risc de
captur
~ portfolio - portofoliu de riscuri
~ premium - (fin.) prim de risc
(diferena dintre rata necesar a
rentabilitu unui activ riscant dat i
rata rentabilitii unui activ lipsit de
risc cu aceeai via estimata)
~ taker - persoan (investitor) care i
asum riscul
~s and perils of the sea - riscuri i
pericole ale mrii
to incur a ~ - a se expune unui risc
to lay off a ~ - a efectua o reasigurare

270

rival adj., s. rival v.t. a concura, a

rivaliza cu v.i. a rivaliza, a fi n
concuren
rivalry s. rivalitate, concuren
river s. ru; fluviu adj. de ru; fluvial
~ barge - lep fluvial
~ bill of lading - conosament fluvial
~ boat/ship/vessel - nav fluvial
~ - borne - transportat pe fluviu
~ charges / dues - taxe fluviale
~ fshery - pescuit fluvial
~ insurance - asigurare fluvial
~ navigation - navigaie fluvial
~ port - port fluvial
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor fluviale
~ transportation - transport fluvial
riverain adj., s. riveran
road s. 1. dmm; osea 2. (SUA) cale
ferat 3. (mar.) rad
~ board - administraia drumurilor
~ haulage / transport - transport rutier
~ haulier - transportator
~ network - reea mtier
~ officials - funcionari din serviciile
drumurilor
~ ship / vessel - nav de rad
roadbook s. ghid rutier
roadhouse s. restaurant pe marginea
unei osele
roadman s. drumar
roadstead s. (mar.) rad
roadtax s. tax de drumuri, impozit
rutier
roadworks s.pl. lucrri de drumuri
robber 5'. jefuitor, tlhar
~ economy - economie de jaf (care
exploateaz la limit resursele
naturale)
robot s. robot; automat
~ distributor - distribuitor automat
robotics s. robotic

RIV-ROU

rod s. prjin (unitate de msur

pentru lungime i suprafata)
~ of brickwork - prjin de zidrie de
crmid (unitate de msurd pentru
suprafa)
~ rollback s. reducere general a
preurilor, salariilor etc. {impus de
guvem)

rolling adj. rulant

~ stock - (c.f.) material rulant, parc de
vagoane
rollover s. rollover, prelungire; reealonare (a unor obligaii financiare);
reinvestire (a unui titlu de valoare cnd
acesta ajunge la scadena)
rood 5'. prjin (unitate de mdsur
pentru lungime i suprafaa)
rook v.t. a nela, a escroca
room s. camer; sal
~ service - serviciu de camer (intr-un
hotel)
rotation s. rotaie
~ of crops - asolament, rotaie a
culturilor agricole
~ of directors - rotaie a directorilor
~ of jobs - rotaie a sarcinilor / locului
de munc
round adj. 1. rotund 2. rotund,
complet, ntreg (despre cifre) 3.
aproximativ, estimativ, n cifre rotunde
(despre calcule) s. mnd (de negocieri)
v.t. (off) a rotunji (calcule, cifre)
~ dozen - duzin complet
~ figure/number - cifr rotund,
numr ntreg; cifr aproximativ /
estimativ
~ lot - (bur.) pachet/lot complet de
aciuni (de circa 100 de aciuni pe care
un investitor dorete s le cumpere)
~ tour - cltorie n circuit

ROU-RUN

~ trip - cltorie dus-ntors; bilet de

cltorie dus-ntors
~ - trip charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire dus-ntors
~ voyage - (mar.) cltorie / voiaj dus-ntors
route s. rut; drum v.t. a dirija (mrfuri
etc.)

~ sheet - foaie de drum

routine s. rutin; procedur adj. curent,
normal; cotidian
~ business - afaceri curente
~ inspection - control tehnic la locul
de producie
~ work - serviciu curent
royal adj. regal
Royal Exchange - Bursa din Londra
Royal Mint - Monetria Regal
royalty s. 1. drepturi / indemnizatii de
autor sau inventator 2. redeven
~ fee - tax de redeven; tax anual
pltit de franchiser pentru folosirea
metodei i experienei franizor
rubber s. 1. cauciuc 2. pl. aciuni ale
fabricilor productoare de cauciuc adj.
de cauciuc
~ stamp - tampil de cauciuc
rule s. 1. regul, norm, prescripie 2.
pl. regulament 3. ordonan, decizie 4.
autoritate; conducere v.t. 1. (dr.) a
decide, a hotr 2. a guvema, a conduce
3. (off) a ncheia (un cont) v.i. a cota, a
se menine (despre un curs etc.)
~ of court - sentin / decizie a
tribunalului
~s and regulations - statute i
regulamente
~s of procedure - norme de procedur
ruling adj. conductor, de conducere/
guvemmnt 2. curent, actual;

271

predominant s. 1. ordonan / decizie

judectoreasc 2. conducere, guvemare ~
price - pre curent/al pieei/n vigoare
rummage s. control vamal (la bord) v.i. a
face controlul vamal (la bord)
~ sale - vnzare a mrfurilor neridicate la
termen (din vama)
run s. 1. lot, serie 2. (c.f.) parcurs, traseu 3.
funcionare, regim de lucru (al unei
main) 4. cerere, solicitare (a clientelei) 5.
(bur.) list a cotaiilor (la cumprare sau
vnzare) v.t. 1. a conduce, a administra (o
afacere etc.) 1. a face, a ndeplini (un
comision) 3. a introduce prin contraband,
a face contraband de; a nclca
prevederile vamale 4. a parcurge (p
distana} 5. a exploata (p nav, un utilaj
etc.) 6. (down) a reduce (activitatea unei
ntreprinderi ca msur premergtoare
nchiderii ei); a lichida (stocul de materii
prime sau produse finite) 1. (up) a lsa s
se mreasc (un cont); a urca (preurie); a
lsa s se adune (datorii) v.i. 1. a fimctiona
(despre mam} 2. a fi n vigoare, a-i
pstra efectul / valabilitatea (despre legi,
decrete) 3. (on) a se acumula (despre
datorii); a decurge, a-i urma cursul
(despre un contract) 4. (to) a atinge (o
cifr, o sum) 5. (up) a crete, a se mri
(despre preur) runaway adj. putemic,
nestvilit ~ inflation - inflatie putemic/
nestvi-lit, hiperinflaie
running adj. 1. curent 2. succesiv;
continuu ~ account - cont
curent

272

~ agreement - (mar.) contract de

angajare a echipajului pentru mai multe
cltorii
~ broker - agent de schimb de cambii
~ contract - contract n curs de
demlare
~ costs - cheltuieli curente {de
producie)
~ days - (mar.) zile curgtoare (m
contarea staliilor)

~ - down clause - (mar.) clauza

coliziunii / abordajului
~ interest - dobnd curent
~ number mark - numr de ordine (al
coletului de marfa)

~ policy - poli de asigurare general /

flotant
RUN-RYE

~ repair - reparaie curent

~ term - termen curent
~ work - funcionare continu
~ working days - (mar.) zile de lucru
curgtoare (m contarea staliilor)

rural adj. rural

~ credit society - societate de credit
agricol
~ economy - economie mral/agricol
rush 5-. afluen (de clientel) adj. 1.
aglomerat 2. urgent
~ hour - or de vrf (de trafic)

~ order - comand urgent

~ season - sezon de vrf

rye s. secar
~ terms - (mar.) condiii -contractuale
de livrare a secarei / grnelor

294

investitori cu experien; investitori cu

experien
smash s. faliment, crah v.i. a da
faliment
smuggle v.t. a face contraband cu 2.
(in) a introduce sau a importa prin
contraband 3. (out) a scoate sau a
exporta prin contraband v.i. a face
contraband; a fi contrabandist
smuggler s. contrabandist
smuggling s. contraband
snake s. (fin.) arpe (monetar);
principiul arpelui n tunel" {adoptat
de CEE pentru a controla fluctuaiile
zilnice ale valutelor rilor-membre
fa de dolar)

snap adj. neateptat, neprevzut v.t.

(up) a prinde (un chilipir, o ocazie)
~ check - control neprevzut (la locul
de munca)

soar v.i. a crete/a urca putemic

{despre preur)
social adj. social; public
~ accounting - contabilitate social/
naional
~ audit - audit social (justifcarea
costurilor i beneficiilor impuse
societii de ntreprinderi)
~ balance sheet - bilan social (asupra
locurilor de munca)
~ costs - costuri sociale
~ inflation - inflaie social (creterea
primelor polielor de asigurare ale
societilor de asigurare datorit unor
procese etc.)
~ insurance - asigurri sociale
~ insurance fund - fond/cas de
asigurri sociale
- marketing - marketing social
~ (overhead) capital - infrastructur

SMA-SOL

~ overheads - servich edilitare/

municipale
~ responsibility - responsabilitate
social (a firmelor pentru bunul mers
al societii n genera)
~ security - asisten social; (SUA)
asigurri sociale
~ security taxes - impozite de asigurri sociale
~ service - serviciu social
~ standing - poziie social
~ status - stare/condiie social
~ welfare - asisten social
~ work - (activitate de) asisten
social
~ worker - asistent social
socialism s. socialism
socialist adj., s. socialist
~ economy - economie socialist
society s. societate; asociaie
socioeconomic adj. socioeconomic
~ grade - grup socioeconomic
soft adj. moale
~ currency - valut neconvertibil
~ drink - butur nealcoolic
~ goods - msur de folosin scurt;
produse textile (yndute ca material)
- loan - credit preferenial (cu termeni
favorabili de rambursare)

~ market - pia cu preuri instabile

(pentru c oferta este mai mare dect
cererea)
~ money - bancnot, moned de hrtie
~ sell(ing) - vnzare neagresiv/prin
reclam persuasiv
soil s. sol, pmnt, teren
~ improvement - ameliorare a solului
~ science - pedologie
~ scientist - pedolog
sola s. cambie ntr-un singur exemplar
sole adj. singur, unic; exclusiv

SOL-SPA

-- agent - reprezentant exclusiv, agent

unic (al unei companii ntr-o anumit
zon)
~ of exchange - cambie ntr-un singur
exemplar
~ exporter - exportator exclusiv
~ legatee - (dr.) legatar universal
~ owner/proprietor - proprietar unic,
singur proprietar
- right - drept exclusiv
~ trader - asociat unic
~ weight - greutate proprie
solicitor s. 1. avocat consultant (care
are voie s pledeze numai n instanele
inferioare); jurisconsult 2. (SUA) agent
comercial 3. solicitant, petitionar
~ general - ef al contenciosului
~ 's department - contencios
~ 's lien - drept de retenie al
avocatului
solvability v. solvency
solvable v. solvent
solvency s. (fin.) solvabilitate
~ ratio - indice de solvabilitate
solvent adj. solvabil
~ debtor - debitor solvabil
~ demand - cerere solvabil
sort s. fel, gen, categorie; sort,
sortiment v.t. a sorta, a tria, a clasa
sortable adj. sortabil, care poate fi
triat/clasat

sorter s. main de sortare, trior,

sortator
sorting s. sortare, triere, clasificare
~ by consignee - sortare a mrfurilor la
destinaie
~ by marks - sortare a mrfurilor pe
baza mrcilor de pe ambalaj
sound adj. 1. intact, ntreg, n bun
stare 2. solid, sigur, solvabil (despre o
firma) 3. (dr.) legal, legitim, real

295

~ condition - stare bun (a mrfurilor)

~ currency - moned stabil
~ finance - politic financiar stabil
~ frm - frm solvabil
~ quality - calitate bun (a produselor)
~ title - titlu de proprietate legal
to be a ~ man - a avea credit pe pia
source s. surs (de aprovizionare etc.)
~ document - (cont.) document-surs
(facturi, note deplat etc.)
~ s and uses of funds - (cont.) surse i
utilizri ale fondurilor
sovereign adj. suveran, independent
~ rating - (fin.) notare a riscului de
ar
~ risk - risc de suveranitate (riscul
exproprierii activelor unei filiale
strine de ctre ara-gazd sau
restricii neprevzute asupra fluxurilor
de numerar ctre compania-mama}
sow v.t., v.i. a semna, a nsmna
sower s. semntor; semntoare
sowing s. semnat, nsmnare
~ machine - semntoare
~ seed - smn
~ time - semnat, vremea semnatului
spa s. 1. izvor de ape minerale 2.
staiune balnear
span s. capacitate
~ of control,- (man.) capacitate de
control (numrul optim de subordonai
asupra cruia managerul poate
exercita un control eficient)
space s. 1. spatiu 2. interval de timp v.t.
(i ~ out) 1. a spaia, a aeza/a dispune
din loc n loc 2. a ealona (plile)
~ saving - economie de spaiu
spare adj. 1. de rezerv, de schimb 2.
disponibil, liber, excedentar s. 1.
surplus, excedent 2. pies de
rezerv/schimb v.. 1. a economisi, a

s
sack s. sac; continut al unui sac v.t. a
nscui, a pune n saci
~ - filling machine - main de umplut
saci
~ packer - main de nscuit/ambalat
n saci
sackcloth s. pnz de sac
sacking s. 1. nscuire, ambalare/
punere n saci 2. pnz de sac
sacrifce s. sacrificiu, pierdere v.t. a
vinde n pierdere
~ price - pre de sacrificiu/sub preul
de cost
~ sale - vnzare n pierdere
to sell at a ~ - a vinde n pierdere
saddle v.t. a mpovra (cu datorii,
impozite)

safe adj. 1. sigur 2. intact, n bune

condiii s. seif, cas de bani
~ and full delivery - (cow.) livrare
complet n bune condiii
~ arrival - (mar.) sosire n bune
condiii
~ - conduct - permis de liber trecere
~ custody - custodie/pstrare sigur
(serviciu bancar)

~ customer - client sigur/serios

~ deposit - seif, cas de bani
~ handling - manipulare sigur/far
pericol
~ house - firm serioas
~ investment - investiie sigur
~ load sarcin maxim admis;
ncrctur nepericuloas
~ port - port sigur (din punctul de
vedere al ncrcrii sau al descrcrii)

~ procedure - tehnica securitii

muncii, msuri de protecia muncii
safeguard s. 1. garanie, siguran 2.
dispozitiv de protecie v.t. a apra, a
proteja (o industrie)

safeguarding s. aprare, protejare adj.

de aprare/protejare
~ duties - taxe de protejare (a produselor indigene)
safety s. siguran, securitate
~ coefficient - coeficient de siguran
~ education - pregtire de tehnica
proteciei muncii
~ engineer - tehnician responsabil cu
aplicarea msurilor de protecia muncii
~ factor - factor de siguran
~ margin - maij de siguran
~ prescriptions/regulations - norme
de tehnica proteciei muncii
~ specifications - specificaii tehnice
pentm asigurarea proteciei muncii
~ stock ~ stoc-tampon/de siguran
(stocuri suplimentare pstrate ca
rezerv n caz de ntrziere a
produciei, a livrrilor etc.)
~ vault - camer/galerie de valori,
tezaur (intr-o banca}
sag s. scdere (a preurilor) v.i. a
scdea {despre preur)
sagging s. scdere, depresiune adj. n
scdere
~ market - pia n scdere
sail v.i. a naviga

sailing s. navigaie
~ advice aviz de expediie pe mare
~ area - raion de navigaie

274

~ date - data plecrii (navei)

~ draft/draught - pescaj de plecare
~ permit - permis de plecare (a navei)
sailor s. marinar
~ boy - elev-marinar, mus
~'s pass - camet de marinar
salariat s. salariai, categoria salariailor
salaried adj. salariat
~ employee/man - salariat
salary s. salariu (mai ales de
funcionar) v. t. a salariza
~ bracket - clas/categorie de salarizare
~ earner - salariat
~ savings insurance - asigurare de
via cu prime achitate/reinute din
salariu
~ scale - gril de salarizare
~ tax - impozit pe salarii
sale s. 1. vnzare 2. licitaie 3. (co/n.)
sold
~ and leaseback - vnzare i
leaseback
~ as seen - vnzare imediat (far
garanii privind starea mrfil)
~ book - facturier
~ by auction - vnzare la licitaie
~ by description - vnzare conform
descrierii (fcute mrfii de vnztor)
~ by/on commision - vnzare n
comision
~ by/on sample - vnzare pe baz de
mostre
~ by order of the court - vnzare
silit
~ by private treaty - vnzare pe baz
de acord privat
~ by sealed tender - vnzare pe baz
de ofert nchis

SAI-SAL

~ contract - contract de vnzare:

(bur.) borderou de vnzare
~ for cash - vnzare cu plata n
numerar
~ for future delivery - vnzare cu
livrare la termen
~ for the account/settlement - (bur.)
vnzare la termen
~ goods - solduri; mrfuri de calitate
inferioar
~ invoice - factur de vnzare
~ note - borderou de vnzare
~ of work - vnzare de articole fcute
sau aduse de acas (de ctre membrii
unei asociaii pentru a colecta ondur)
~ on approval/approbation - vnzare
condiionat
~ on arrival - vnzare la sosire (a
mrfurilor)
~ on credit - vnzare pe credit
~ on trial - vnzare de prob
~ or return - cumprare de prob
(cumprtorul putnd restitui marfa)
~ price - pre de vnzare; pre de sold
~ room - sal de licitaii
~ s account - (cont.) cont de vnzri
~ s agent/representative - agent de
vnzri, reprezentant comercial
~ s analysis - analiz a vnzrilor
~ s apathy/resistance - apatie/ rezisten la cumprare (m ciuda reclamei)
~ s average - media vnzrilor
~ s book - registru de vnzri
~ s budget - buget/estimare a(l)
vnzrilor
~ s campaign/drive - campanie de
vnzri
~ s channels - canale de distribuie (a
mrfii)

~ s coverage - acoperire a posibilitilor de vnzare (raportul dintre

SAL

numrul estimat de clieni i numrul

pe care l poate deservi un agent de
vnzri)
~ s department - serviciu comercial/
de vnzri
~ s depth test - analiza vnzrilor n
adncime (de la primirea comenzii
pn la expedierea mrfii i a
facturilor)
~ s exhibition - expoziie cu vnzare
~ s fnance company - societate de
credite pentru vnzri n rate (ale
bunurilor defolosin ndelungat)
~ s forecast - prognoz a vnzrilor
~ s incentive - stimulent pentru
vnzri (oferit agentului de vnzri)
~ s leaflet - foaie de reclam, prospect
~ s letter - scrisoare de reclam
~ s literature literatur comercial
(reclame, brouri, cataloage etc.)
~ s manager - director comercial; ef
al serviciului de vnzri
~ s mix - asortiment n vnzare
~ s outlet - debueu, pia de desfacere
~ s potential - potenial de vnzare
~ s promotion - promovare a
vnzrilor
~ s quota - cot de vnzri (a unui
agent de vnzri)
~ s response function - funcia de
stimulare a vnzrilor (relaia dintre
activitatea de marketing i nivelul
vnzrilor)
~ s returns book - (cont.) registru de
mrfuri retumate/refuzate
~ s reyenue - ncasri din vnzri
~ s tax - impozit pe preul cu amnuntul; impozit pe circulaia mrfurilor
(perceput n fiecare etap a procesului
de distribuie)

275

~ territory/zone - arie a vnzrilor (de

care rspunde un agent de vnzri)
~ value - valoare comercial; valoare
la vnzare
sal(e)ability s. vandabilitate
sal(e)able adj. vandabil
~ value - valoare comercial
saleless adj. nevandabil
salesclerk s. vnztor, vnztoare
salesgirl s. vnztoare
saleslady s. (SUA) vnztoare
salesman s. 1. vnztor; comerciant
2. comisionar, intermediar comercial;
agent / reprezentant comercial 3. angrosist
salesmanship s. tehnica/abilitatea de a
vinde
salespeople s. (SUA) personal care se
ocup cu vnzrile, vnztori; comerciani
saleswoman v. salesgirl
salient adj. evident, caracteristic;
predominant
~ atribute - atribut evident/ caracteristic (al unuiprodus)
salvage s. 1. salvare (a unei nave),
asisten maritim; ranfluare 2. mrfuri
salvate, ncrctur recuperat; nav
salvat 3. remuneraie/prim de salvare
v.t. 1. a salva (o nav'); a ranflua 2. a
recupera (o ncrctur prin salvare)
~ agreement - contract de salvare
~ award - hotrre judectoreasc de
salvare
~ bond/lien - drept de retenie i
privilegiu pentru remuneraia de
salvare
~ charges/expenses - cheltuieli de
salvare

276

~ claim - solicitare a remuneratiei de

salvare
~ clause - clauza salvrii
~ company - companie de salvare
~ department/service - serviciu de
salvare
~ loss - pierdere la salvare
~ money/remuneration - remuneraie/
prim de salvare
~ operations/works - operaii/lucrri
de salvare
~ tug - remorcher de salvare
~ value - valoare a bunurilor salvate;
valoare rezidual (yaloarea unui activ
de capital la sfritul perioadei specificate; n problemele de alocare a
capitalului, ea reprezint preul actual
pepia al unui activ la mna a doud)
~ vessel - nav de salvare
salvaging s. operaii/lucrri de salvare
salvor s. salvator, persoan sau nav
care particip la operaii/lucrri de
salvare
~ 's lien - drept de retenie al
salvatorului
sample s. mostr, eantion, prob v.t. a
eantiona, a preleva mostre din, a lua
probe de
~ assortment/collection - colecie de
mostre
~ book - album de mostre
~ card - carton/colecie de eantioane
(de materiale textile)

~ fair - trg de mostre

~ folder - map cu mostre
~ man - probagiu (la sonde)
~ of fabric/work - prob de lucm (in
industria textila)

~ offer - ofert nsotit de mostre

~ order - comand de prob
~ piece - model, eantion

SAL-SAV

~ post - mostr fr valoare (meniune pe

un colet de mostre) ~ signature - specimen
de semntur ~ survey - anchet prin
sondaj sampler s. 1. aparat/sond pentru
prelevare de probe 2. probagiu sampling s.
eantionare, prelevare de mostre/probe
* ~ device - aparat/dispozitiv de luat probe
~ error - eroare de eantionare ~ range extindere a prelevrii de mostre
~ works - laborator de probe sanction s. 1.
sanctiune, pedeaps 2. sancionare,
aprobare v.t. 1. a sanciona, a pedepsi 2.
a sanciona, a aproba (o lege) sandwich s.
sandvi
~ board - reclam pe pancarte (care se
prind n faa i n spatele omului care le
poarta)
~ man - om-reclam (care poart reclame)
sanitary adj. sanitar ~ articles - articole
sanitare ~ certificate - certificat sanitar ~
inspector - inspector sanitar satellite s.
satelit adj. subordonat (unei autoriti
centrale), dependent ~ office - birou/oficiusatelit (filial) ~ town - ora-satelit
(dependent eco-nomic de un ora mai
mare) saturation s. saturatie ~ point punct/limit de saturaie save v.t. a
economisi, a face economie de
~ as you earn scheme - sistem de
economisire din salariu (prin care se scade
regulat o sum de bani din salariu)

SAV-SCH

saver s. 1. persoan econoam 2.

economizor
saving adj. 1. econom 2. restrictiv, care
introduce o restricie (despre o clauz)
s. economie; pl. economii, sum
economisit
~ clause - clauz restrictiv
~ s account - cont de economii
~ s and loan association - (SUA)
asociatie de economii i credite
~ s bank - banc de economii
~ s bond - obligaiune de economii
~ s book - libret de economii
~ s certificate - certificat (de titluri de
valoare) de economii
~ s ratio - rata economiilor (din venitul
personal disponibil)
scale s. 1. scal, scar (a unui instrument) 2 pl. cntar, balan 3. tarif
4. nivel; scar, proportie v.t. 1. a reprezenta la scar (o hart) 2. a cntri
3. (down) a reduce (preuri) 4. (up) a
ridica (preuri)
~ charge/rate - pre tarifar
~ of living - nivel de trai
~ of prices - gam de preuri
~ of production - nivel al produciei
~ ofwages - trepte de salarizare
~ test - verificare a cntarelor
scalp v.t. (SUA) 1. a vinde sau a
cumpra (aciuni) sub cursul oficial (in
scopul unui proft mic i rapid) 2. a
revinde (bilete) peste preul oficial
scalper s. (SUA) speculant (de aciun)
scarce adj. insuficient, redus, puin
~ currency - devize insuficiente (pe
piaa de schimb)
~ goods - penurie de bunuri
to be ~ of - a duce lips de
scarcity s. 1. penurie, lips, insuficien 2. scumpete

277

~ of capital - lips de capital ~ of labour lips de mn de lucm ~ price/value - pre

supraevaluat din cauza insufcienei mrfii
~ rent - arend suplimentar (pltit pentru
terenuri cnd acestea sunt insuficiente)
schedule s. 1. plan, schem 2. (com.) list,
borderou; inventar; nomenclator 3. tarif 4.
tabel, grafic; orar 5. (dr.) anex, not
explicativ v.t. 1. a trece pe o list, a
nregistra 2. a programa, a planifica 3. (dr.)
a anexa, a aduga ca anex
~ approach - (cont.) abordare planifi-cat
(pentru elaborarea situaiei fluxului de
numerar) ~ of demand - structur a cererii
~ of prices - list de preuri ~ speed vitez comercial ~ tare - (SUA) tar
conform tarifului vamal
~ tax - impozit conform categoriei de
impunere
~ work - munc conform graficului to
arrive on ~ - a sosi conform orarului
scheduled adj. 1. programat, planificat 2.
tarifar
~ investment - investiie planificat ~
payment - plat planificat/scadent la o
dat precizat ~ price - pre tarifar ~
services - servicii regulate ~ tax - impozit
conform categoriei de impunere
scheduling s. programare (a obiecti-velor
etc.); planifcare calendaristic scheme s.
schem, plan; proiect; sistem ~ of
composition / arrangement between
debtor and creditors - (dr.)

278

concordat, aranjament ntre debitor i

creditori (in caz defaliment) scientifc adj.
tiinific ~ research - cercetare tiinific ~
researcher - cercettor tiinific scrap .
deeu, rebut, material rebutat;
fier vechi v.t. a da la rebut; a da la fier
vechi

~ iron - fier vechi

~ paper - maculatur
screening s. {man.) screening,
selectare, alegere (a celei mai bune
altemative)

scrip s. 1. certificat provizoriu (de

aciuni, obligaiuni etc.)', chitan 2.
aciune suplimentar emis n contul
dividendelor 3. bon valoric
~ dividend - dividend pltit prin
certificat provizoriu (care prevede
plata n numerar la o dat ulterioar
specificat)

~ issue - emisiune de aciuni gratuite

{ctre acionarii unei societi),
capitalizarea rezervelor
scripholder s. deintor de certificate
provizorii etc.

sea s. mare adj. maritim, referitor la

mare
~ carriage - transport maritim
~ carrier - cru maritim
~ - damaged goods - mrfuri avariate
de apa de mare
~ - damaged terms - clauza avariilor
de mare" (n transporul de cereale)
~ farming - maricultur
~ fishery - pescuit maritim
~ fleet - flot maritim
~ freight - navlu maritim
~ harbour/port - port maritim
~ insurance - asigurare maritim
~ law - drept maritim

SCH-SEA

~ league - leghe marin (aproximativ

trei mile marine)
~ mile - mil marin/nautic
passage/transit
traversad
maritim
~ pay - remuneratie pentru serviciul
pemare
~ pipe - conduct marin (pentru
transportul produselor petroliere) ~ route
- mt maritim ~ ship - nav maritim ~
shipping - navigaie maritim;
transport maritim
~ trade - comert maritim
~ trading company - companie de
navigaie maritim
~ traffc - trafic maritim
seaboard s. litoral, coast maritim
adj. litoral
~ markets - piee/debueuri pe coast
~ town - ora maritim/de coast
seaborne adj. transportat pe mare;
maritim
-trade - comer maritim
seagoing adj. maritim, de navigaie
~ freight - navlu; marf transportat pe
mare
~ ship/vessel - nav maritim
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor maritime
seal s. 1. sigiliu, plomb/plumb de
garanie 2. tampil v.t. 1. a sigila, a
plumbui 2. a tampila, a autoriza, a
confirma (prin aplicarea tampile)
sealed adj. sigilat; tampilat
~ tender - ofert nchis/sigilat (la
licitaie)
seaman s. marinar; matelot
~ apprentice/boy - elev-marinar, mus
~'s free cargo - bunuri ale echipajului
scutite de navlu
seamen s. pl. echipaj de nav

SEA-SEC

~'s lien - drept de retenie i privilegiu

al echipajului (asupra navei i
ncrcttirii n cazul neplii salariilor)
search s. cutare, cercetare 2. percheziie; control, inspecie v.t. 1. a cuta, a
cerceta 2. a percheziiona; a controla, a
inspecta
~ unemployment - omaj temporar
(pn la gsirea unuiposf}
~ warrant - mandat de percheziie
searcher s. perchezitor; vame
seaside s. 1. litoral 2. statiune de
coast/litoral adj. referitor la
coast/litoral
~ resort - staiune pe litoral
season s. sezon
~ ticket - (c.f.) abonament
seasonal adj. sezonier, de sezon
~ articles - articole de sezon
~ demand - cerere sezonier
~ employment - serviciu sezonier
~ fluctuations/swings/variations fluctuaii/variaii sezoniere
~ port - port sezonier
~ prices - preuri sezoniere
~ trade - comer sezonier
~ unemployment - omaj sezonier
~ worker - muncitor sezonier
seaworthy adj. n stare de
navigabilitate, capabil s tin marea
(despre o nav)
~ packing - ambalaj maritim
second 1. num., adj. fal) doilea 2. s. pl.
mrfuri de calitatea a doua
best/-chop/-class/-rate - (de) calitatea a doua
~ bottom working - (mar.) operare n
dan dubl
~ - class paper - efect de comer de
clasa a doua
~ endorser - al doilea andosator

279

~ - half - referitor la a doua jumtate

(a anului financiar)

~ - hand - de ocazie, vechi, uzat

~ - hand dealer - comerciant de
mrfuri de ocazie
~ - hand shop - magazin de mrfuri de
ocazie
~ - hand tonnage - tonaj al navelor
nvechite
~ - mortgage - a doua ipotec; reipotecare
~ via/of exchange - al doilea exemplar
al cambiei
secondary adj. secundar
~ bank - banc secundar, societate de
credit (care finaneaz achiziionarea
de bunuri cu plata n rate)

~ earner - persoan care nu este

singurul sau principalul salariat ntr-o
familie
~ industry - industria secundar (care
utilizeaz resursele industriei primare)

~ liability ~ (asig.) rspundere

condiionat/secundar
~ market - pia secundar (piaa pe
care sunt tranzacionate aciunile dup
ce aufost emise)
~ occupations - meserii din sectorul
industriei secundare
~ production - producie secundar
(fabricarea de produse finite din
materii prime i realizarea de
construcii civile)

secret adj. secret

~ reserve - (cont.) rezerv secret/
ascuns (delict de bilan care const n
denaturarea nregistrrilor contabile
prin subevaluarea activelor)
secretariat s. secretariat (serviciu,
birou)
secretary s. secretar

280

~ - general - secretar general

secure adj. garantat, asigurat v.t. 1. a
garanta, a asigura 2. a obine (comenzi,
beneficii etc.)

secured adj. garantat, asigurat

- creditor - creditor cu garanie
~ debt - crean garantat
~ loan - mprumut garantat
~ note - not de debit garantat (prin
care un bun prezentat drept garanie
poate fi pretins de creditor ca plat a
datoriei)
securitization s. (fin.) conversia
mpmmutului n titluri de valoare
{tendina marilor societi de a emite
titluri de valoare pentru a nu mai
recurge la credie bancare)
security s. 1. securitate, siguran 2.
garantie, gaj 3. garant, girant 4. pl.
(fn.) titluri/ hrtii de valoare
~ capital - capital plasat n investiii
sigure
~ exchange/market - burs de valori
~ holdings - portofoliu de titluri de
valoare
~ interest - dobnd de asigurare (pe
care creditorul o primete de pe urma
proprietii debitorului pentru asigurarea plii unui credit)
~ means - tehnica securitii muncii
~ paper - hrtie pentru emisiuni de
valoare/bancnote
~ printer - main de tiprit bancnote/
titluri de valoare
~ printing offce - tipografie de
bancnote, monetrie
~ trust -. fond de plasare a titlurilor de
valoare, societate de investitii
seed s. smn
~ capital - capital iniial (necesar
pomirii unei afaceri)

SEC-SEL

segmentation >s'. segmentare (a piee)

seigniorage s. profit obinut de stat din
emiterea/baterea monedei
seize v.t. a confisca; a sechestra
seizin s. (dr.) 1. stpnire a unei
proprieti funciare; act de posesiune a
unei proprieti fanciare 2. proprietate
fimciar
seizure s. confiscare; sechestru, punere
de sechestru
~ note - act de confiscare a
ncrcturii
~ of movable property - sechestru
asupra bunurilor mobiliare
~ of real estate/property - sechestru
asupra bunurilor imobiliare
~ under a prior claim - sechestru n
revendicare
~ under legal process - sechestru
judiciar
selective adj. selectiv
~ distribution - distribuire selectiv
(a produselor, operat de productor
ctre anumii detailiti)
self pref. auto
~ - acting - automat
~ - assessment - autoevaluare a impunerii (sistem practicat n unele ri prin
care contribuabilul i calculeaz
singur cuantumul impozitelar)
~ - contained - independent, autonom
~ - employed worker - lucrtor pe
cont propriu (in propria afacere)
~ - financing - reinvestire a profitului,
autofinanare
~ - insurance - autoasigurare
~ - liquidating loan - mprumut cu
autolichiditate (mprumut pentru finanarea activelor curente)
~ - service - autoservire

SEL

~ - sufficiency - autoaprovizionare;
independen economic
sell v.t. 1. a vinde, a desface (mrfuri)
2. (off) a vinde cu rabat 3. (out) a
lichida, a vinde tot (stocul) 4. (up) a
lichida, a vinde tot (stocuiy, a vinde la
licitaie (averea unui falit) v.i. 1. a
vinde, a face vnzare; a face comert 2.
a se vinde, a avea cutare
to ~ afloat - (mar.) a vinde mrfuri n
expediie
to ~ again - a revinde
to ~ at best - a vinde la preul sau
cursul cel mai avantajos
to ~ at a discount - a vinde cu
reducere
to ~ at a loss - a vinde n pierdere
to ~ at a premium/profit - a vinde cu
profit
to ~ at/by auction - a vinde la licitatie
to ~ badly/heavily - a vinde greu, a nu
avea cutare
to ~ by/on sample - a se vinde pe baz
de mostr
to ~ by weight - a vinde la greutate
to ~ cheap - a vinde ieftin
to ~ dear - a vinde scump
to ~ for a lump sum - vnzare global/n bloc (ynzare contra unei sume
globale pentru mrfuri nedeterminate
prin cntrire, volum, numrare etc.)
to ~ for cash - a vinde contra numerar
to ~ for delivery - a vinde cu acoperire
to ~ for spot delivery - a vinde din
disponibil
to ~ forward - a vinde la termen
to ~ in bulk - a vinde n vrac
to ~ on commission - a vinde cu
comision
to ~ on credit - a vinde pe credit
to ~ on trial - a vinde de prob

281

to ~ over the counter - a vinde n

magazin
to ~ readily/well - a se vinde bine, a
avea cutare
to ~ short - a vinde far acoperire
to ~ to arrive - a vinde la sosirea
(mrfurilor)
seller s. 1. vnztor 2. marf cutat/
care se vinde bine
~ in possession - vnztor n posesia
mrfii
~ 's lien - drept de retenie al
vnztorului
~ s' market - piaa vnztorilor, pia
cu cererea mai mare dect oferta
~ s' monopoly - oligopol
~ s no buyers - (bur.) lips de
cumprtori
~ 's option - (bur.) la alegerea
vnztorului (pperaie prin care
vmtorul i poate alege data
tranzacionrii efective a aciunilor
ntr-un interval determinat de timp)
~ 's option to double - (bur.) opiune
care i d drept vnztorului s vnd
un pachet dublu de aciuni (fa de cel
convenit)
~s over - ofert excedentar/care
depete cererea
~'s prices - preuri ridicate/avantajoase
pentru vnztor
selling adj. 1. de vnzare/desfacere 2.
vandabil
~ agent - agent de vnzari
~ brokerage/commission - comision
de vnzri
~ campaign - campanie de vnzri
~ costs/expenses - cheltuieli de vnzare/desfacere

282

~ in - prezentarea de produse sau

servicii noi (reelei de distribuie nainte de lansarea pe pia)
~ licence - licen/autorizaie de
vnzare
~ limit - limit de vnzare
monopoly
monopol
asupra
vnzrilor
~ order - ordin de vnzare ~ out - (bur.)
vnzare integral (de aciuni care nu au
fost achitate de cumprtor pn la data
stabilit) ~ pressure - afluen a ofertelor
de vnzare
~ price - pre de vnzare/desfacere ~ rate curs de vnzare ~ short - (bur.) vnzare
fr acoperire (de aciuni, pe care
vnztorul nu le deine nca}
sellout s. lichidare, vnzare integral
semiannual adj. bianual semidurables
s.pl. produse cu durat medie de folosin
semifinished adj. semifabricat ~
articles/goods/products - articole/
produse semifabricate semimanufactured
v. semifinished semimonthly adj. bilunar;
chenzinal semiproduct s. semifabricat
semiskilled adj. semicalificat ~ worker muncitor semicalificat send v.t. 1. a
trimite, a expedia; a remite, a adresa 2.
(back) a retuma 3. (down) a reduce, a
scdea (preuri) 4. (out) a expedia; a
distribui v.i. (away for) a comanda prin
pot 2. (for) a face o comand de sender s.
expeditor
senior adj. 1. senior, mai n vrst 2.
superior (infuncie, n grad) ~ clerk - ef
de birou

SEL-SER

~ debt - datorie preferenial

~ executive - director executiv
~ lien - drept de retenie cu privilegiu
~ mortgage - ipotec preferenial
~ offcial - cadru mediu, funcionar
mijlociu
~ partner - asociat principal
~ securities - titluri de valoare
prefereniale
~ shares/stock - actiuni prefereniale
seniority s. vechime m munc; funcie
superioar
~ wages - spor de fidelitate
sentimental adj. sentimental, subiectiv
~ damages - daune evaluate subiectiv
sequential adj. succesiv
~ sampling - eantionare succesiv
sequester v.t. (dr.) a sechestra
sequestrate v. sequester
sequestration s. (dr.) sechestru, punere
sub sechestru
serial adj. n serie
~ bond - obligaiune m serie (pache
de obligaiuni care devin scadente m
ani succesivi)
~ number - numr de serie/fabricaie
~ production - producie n serie
series s. serie
servant s. 1. servitor 2. funcionar
serve v.. 1. a servi (un client); a
deservi (popuaia); a aproviziona 2. a
funciona la, a avea serviciu la
service s. 1. serviciu, slujb; funcie 2.
prestare de servicii; servire, deservire;
pl. servicii 3. regim de exploatare i
ntretinere (a unui utilaj) adj. de serviciu;
de ntreinere v.t. 1. a servi, a deservi 2. a
ntreine, a face revizia (unui utilaj)

SER-SET

~ agreement - contract de munc;

garanie, serviciu de ntreinere ~ charge tax pentru servicii ~ contract - contract de
colaborare (prin care o companie
angajeaz o persoan ntr-o funcie de
conducere) ~ department - sector de
servicii ~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj de
exploatare
industry
industria
teriar/
serviciilor
~ instructions - instruciuni de folo-sire;
regulament intem de funcionare {al unei
ntreprinderi)
~ life - durat de funcionare/via (a unui
utilaj)
~ passport - paaport de serviciu ~
regulations - regulament de serviciu ~
station - staie de ntreinere, service
serviceman s. reprezentant al fabricii
fumizoare
servicing s. 1. efectuare a serviciului
datoriei 2. ncasare a plilor la o ipotec
servitude s. (dr.) servitute session s.
sesiune (zi lucrtoare la burs)
set adj. prestabilit, fixat dinainte; fix s. set;
serie; colecie; gamitur v.t. 1. a pune, a
aeza; a fixa, a stabili 2. (back) a opri
dezvoltarea 3. (by) a pune deoparte, a
economisi 4. (down) a nota, a nregistra 5.
(forth) a explica, a expune, a lmuri; a
specifica, a meniona (ntr-un contract) 6.
(off) a compensa (o datorie) 7. (out) a
delimita, a preciza; a expune (pentru
vnzare) 8. (up) a ntemeia, a fonda (o
firm etc.)', a organiza, a iniia ~ form of a
letter - scrisoare-tip ~ of bills - set/serie de
cambii

283

~ of samples - colectie/serie de mostre ~ of

weights - gamitur de greuti ~ price pre fix
~ value - valoare prescris/cerut setback
s. 1. oprire a dezvoltrii 2. (bur.) scdere a
cursului (care urmeaz unei perioade de
cretere) setoff s. 1. compensaie,
compensare (a unor datorii) 2. daune,
despgubiri settle v.t. 1. a stabili, a fixa
(data, preul) 2. a soluiona, a reglementa;
a ncheia, a lichida (o afacere,
o
tranzacie) 3. a achita, a plti (o datorie), a
solda (un cont) 4. a aloca, a fixa (o rent, o
chirie etc.) v.i. 1. a se stabili, a-i alege
domiciliul 2. (up^ a achita ceea ce este de
plat, a face socoteala, a ncheia socotelile
settlement s. 1. stabilire, fixare (a datei, a
preului) 1.
soluionare, reglementare;
ncheiere, lichidare (a unei tranzacii) 3.
achitare, plat (a unei datorii); decontare;
soldare (a unui cont) 4. (bur.) lichidare 5.
acord, tranzacie 6. instalare (intr-o
locum);
domiciliu legal
~ account - cont de lichidare
~ by letter of credit - decontare prin
acreditiv
~ by transfer - decontare prin
virament
~ day - (bur.) zi de lichidare
~ discount - (com.) reducere pentru
plata n numerar
~ of accounts - decontare
~ option - opiune de plat (pentru o
poli de asigurare)
~ price/rate - curs la termen
~ terms (bur.) condiii de lichidare;
(com.) plan de reduceri (acordate

284

cumprtorului n funcie de termenul

depat n numerar)
settling s. (bur.) lichidare
~ day - zi de lichidare
~ room - sal de lichidare
~ room clerk - lichidator
severable adj. separabil, divizibil
~ contract - contract divizibil (cu
obligaii independente unele de altele)
several adj. 1. mai muli, mai multe;
civa, cteva; diveri, diverse 2. fiecare, diferit, separat 3. (dr.) individual
~ estate - proprietate individual/
particular
~ liability/responsibility - rspundere
individual
severally adv. separat, distinct;
individual, personal
severalty s. (dr.) proprietate individual/nesolidar
severance s. 1. desprire, separare 2.
desfacere a contractului de munc 3.
(dr.) disjungere (a mai multor procese)
~ pay - compensaie pentru concediere/desfacerea contractului de munc
severe adj. sever, strict; mare, serios,
grav
~ competition - concuren acerb
~ loss - pierdere mare/grav
~ regulations - regulament strict
shade 5. nuan v.t. a reduce puin
(preul)

~ price - pre puin sczut (pentru a

atrage cumprtori)
shamadj. 1. fictiv 2. fals, falsificat
share s. 1. participatie (la capitalul
unei societi pe aciuni); parte, cot-parte 2. aciune (titlu de valoare) v.t.
1. (i ~ out) a mprti, a diviza; a
distribui 2. a participa la (cheltuieli)

SET-SHA

~ allotment form - formular de repartizare a aciunilor

~ bonus - prim n aciuni
~ capital - capital social
~ certifcate - certificat de aciuni
~ index - indice al cursului aciunilor
~ list - buletin bursier
~ of market - poziie pe pia (a unei
societi)
~ of the profits - cot-parte din
beneficiu
~ option - tranzacie cu opiune (prin
care aciuni sunt tranzacionate la dat

i pre specificat)
~ premium - prim de aciune
(diferena dintre preul aciunii i
valoarea sa nominal)
~ prices - curs al aciunilor
~ repurchase - rscumprare de
aciuni
~ split - divizare a aciunii (n alte
aciuni cu valoare mai mic)

~ transfer - transfer/vnzare de aciuni

~ s of no par value - aciimi far
valoare nominal
~ s to bearer - aciuni la purttor
to ~ alike - a mprti n mod egal
to ~ jointly - a copartaja
sharecrop v.t., v.i. a cultiva (pmntuV) ca dijma
sharecropper s. dijma
sharehawking s. (bur.) plasare de
aciuni lipsite de valoare
shareholder s. acionar
~ s'benefits - beneficii/avantaje ale
acionarilor
~ s'equity - capital propriu, capitalul
acionarilor (deintori de aciuni
comune)

SHA-SHI

~ s'funds - fondurile acionarilor (m

termeni contabili, valoarea activelor finnei
minus pasivu) ~ s'meeting - adunarea
acionarilor ~ s'register - registml
acionarilor shareholding s. pachet de
aciuni sharepushing v. sharehawking
sharing s. 1. participare 2. mprire,
divizare; distribuire shelfs. raft, poli,
etajer ~ life - (com.) termen de garanie;
durat de depozitare
~ space - spaiu comercial/de expunere (a
produselor ntr-un magazin) shell s.
nveli; carcas
company societate
fictiv/
neoperant (nfiinat cu scopul de a fi
vndut)
shelter s. refugiu; aprare, protecie v.t. a
apra, a proteja ~ port - port de refugiu
sheltered adj. protecionist; protejat ~
industry - industrie protejat (mpo-triva
concurenei strine) shift s. 1. schimbare;
variaie 2. schimb (de lucru), tur v.t., v.i. a
(se) schimba ~ differential - prim de post
~ in the function - schimbare n coninutul
unei funcii ~ labour - munc n
schimburi/ture ~ of crops - asolament,
rotaie a culturilor
~ of stowage - (mar.) dezarimare,
deplasare a caricului
shifting adj. mobil, schimbtor s. 1.
schimbare, deplasare (a ncrcturii) 1.
(mar.) manevr de schimbare a danei;
plat pentru manevra de schimbare a
danei
~ board - (mar.) iftingbord, separaie
longitudinal (n magazia cu cereale)

285

~ damage - (mar.) avarie produs de

deplasarea ncrcturii
ship s. nav, vapor v.t. 1. a mbarca 2. a
expedia, a transporta (pe cale
maritim) v.i. 1. a se mbarca 2. a se
angaja ca marinar
~ agent - agent maritim/de navlosire/al
navei

~ bill of lading - conosament pentru

mrfurile ncrcate
~ brokerage - brokeraj/curtaj maritim
~ cargo manifest - manifest de marfa
ncrcat
~ chandlery - fumituri maritime
~ channel - canal maritim/navigabil,
pas de navigaie
~ delivery - franco bord
~ hour - (SUA) or-nav (unitate de
msur a duratei de staionare a navei
pentru operare)
~ in ballast - nav n balast (fr
ncrctur)
~ in commission/service nav n
serviciu/exploatare
~ in laden condition - nav ncrcat
~ list - list de echipaj
~ loader - ncrctor de nav
~ mortgage - ipotec maritim (pe
nava)

~ out of commission - nav dezarmat/scoas din exploatare

~ policy - poli de asigurare casco
~ receipt - ordin de imbarco, recipisa
secundului
~ 's accomodation craft - nav de
pstrare temporar a mrfurilor
(nencrcate n termen)

~ 's allotments - credite de exploatare

a navei

286

~ 's appropriation - repartizare a

excedentului de mrfuri (pe partizi de
beneficiari)

~ 's articles - rol de echipaj, contract

de angajare
~ 's certificate of registry - certificat
de nregistrare a navei
~ 's chandler - agent de aprovizionare
a navei, fumizor naval/maritim
~ 's class - clas a navei
~ 's classification - clasificare a navei
~ 's clearance - lichidare n vam
~ 's clearance inwards - lichidare n
vam la sosirea navei
~ 's clearance outwards - lichidare n
vam la plecarea navei
~ 's days - stalii
~ 's favour - metod de calcul a ncrcturii favorabil armatorului
~ 's husband - administrator al navei
~ 's ledger - list de echipaj, rol de
echipaj
-- 's manifest - manifest al navei
~ 's option - opiune a armatorului de
calculare a navlului (in funcie de
greutatea sau volumul mrfurilor)
~ 's papers - acte/documente ale navei
~ 's register - cartea tehnic a navei;
societate de clasificarea navelor
~ 's registered tonnage - tonaj-registm al navei
~ 's registry - nregistrare/ nmatriculare a navei
~ 's registry offce - registru naval
~ 's release - ordin de livrare
~ 's side - nav ca parte contractant
(cu obligaii i dreptur)

~ 's speciHcation - caracteristici

tehnice ale navei

sm
~ 's store bond - adeverin de vam
pentru folosirea cu exclusivitate la bord
a proviziilor
~ 's survey - expertizare a navei
~ 's surveyor - expert maritim/naval,
inspector de registru/clasificare
~ - to - ship transfer - transbordare
~ - to - shore discharge - descrcare
de pe nav pe chei
to fit out a ~ - a arma o nav
to lay up a - a scoate o nav din
exploatare
shipbroker s. broker/curtier maritim
shipbuilder s. constructor naval
shipbuilding s. constmcii navale
~ company - societate de construcii
navale
~ dock - doc de construcii navale
~ establishment/yard - antier naval
~ facilities - antiere i uzine navale
~ lien - drept de privilegiu i sechestru

asupra navei n construcie

~ port - port cu antier naval
shipful s. caric complet
shipload s. caric, ncrctur a navei
shipmaster s. comandant de nav
(comercial)

~ 's lien - drept de retenie al comandantului (asupra mrfi)

shipment s. 1. ncrcare (a navei) 1.
caric, ncrctur de nav; partid de
marfa 3. transport naval, expediere/
transport de mrfiiri (pe mare)
shipowner s. proprietar de nav,
armator
~ 's lien - drept de retenie al armatorului (asupra mrfii)
shippable adj. transportabil pe mare
(despre mrfuri)
shipped adj. ncrcat pe nav; expediat

SHI

~ bill of lading - conosament pentru

mrfuri ncrcate
- quality - calitate la ncrcare
~ weight - greutate ncrcat
shipper s. ncrctor de nav;
expeditor de mrfuri
~ service - serviciu de expediie
~ 's export declaration - declaraie de
export a ncrctorului
~ 's guarantee scrisoare de garanie a
ncrctorului
~ 's load and account - ncrcare n
contul ncrctorului
~ 's load and tally - ncrcare i
pontare n contul ncrctorului
~ 's manifest - manifest al ncrctorului
~ 's option - opiune a ncrctorului
~ 's papers - documente de ncrcare
~ 's protest - protest al ncrctomlui
~ 's risk - risc al ncrctorului
~ 's weight - greutate stabilit de
ncrctor
shipping adj. maritim, naval s. 1. ncrcare, expediere, transport de mrfuri
(cu nava); navigaie, trafic maritim 2.
flot comercial maritim; tonaj global
~ agency - agenie maritim/de navigaie
~ agent - agent maritim/de expediie
~and forwarding agent - agent de
ncrcare i expediie
~ and handling charges - taxe de
ncrcare i manipulare
~ authority - autoritate maritim
~ availability - tonaj disponibil pentru
transport
~ bid - ofert de transport maritim
~ bill - permis vamal de ncrcare; aviz
de retumare a taxelor pentru mrfurile
de reexport

287

~ business - afaceri maritime, transporturi maritime

~ case - tar
~ charges/expenses - cheltuieli de
transport
~ company - companie de navigaie
~ conference/ring - cartel maritim (al
armatorilor)
~ deficit - deficit de tonaj
~ department - serviciu/birou de
expediie
~ depot - depozit al expeditorului de
mrfuri
~ documents - documente de export
~ end - port/punct de descrcare
~ exchange - burs maritim
~ facilities - mijloace de transport;
instalaii portuare de operare
{incrcare-descrcare)
~ freight - navlu-tramp
~ industry - ntreprindere/companie de
transporturi maritime; activitate de
transporturi maritime
~ instructions - ordin de ncrcare;
instruciuni de ncrcare sau expediere
a mrfurilor
~ lane/route - drum de navigaie;
drum maritim comercial
~ law/legislation - legislaia transporturilormaritime
~ line - linie de navigaie
~ list - list a navelor pregtite pentru
ncrcare
~ manifest - manifest de marf
ncrcat
~ note - aviz/not de ncrcare i
expediie
~ offce - agenie de navigaie; oficiu
de recepionare a mrfurilor
~ order - dispoziie de ncrcare

288

~ personnel - echipaj de nav comercial

~ pier - chei de ncrcare
~ port - port de ncrcare
~- rate - norm de ncrcare
~ receipt - dovad de mbarcare a
mrfurilor
~ request - cerere de transport
~ room/space - spaiu de ncrcare (al
nave)

~ schedule - grafic de transport

~ season - sezon de navigatie
~ shares - aciuni ale unei companii de
navigaie
~ specifications - declaratie de export
~ time - durat a transportului pe mare
~ ton - ton de ncrcare/transport
~ value - valoare a mrfurilor ncrcate
(la plecare)
~ valuer - evaluator al ncrcturii
~ weight - greutate a caricului
shipwreck s. 1. naufragiu 2. epav v.i.
a naufragia, a eua
shipyard s. antier naval
shop s. 1. magazin; prvlie; debit (de
tutun, buturi spirtoase) 2. atelier (de
fabric) v.i. a face cumprturi
~ accident - accident de exploatare
~ assistant - vnztor, vnztoare
~ audit - analiz a vnzrilor cu amnuntul (debueuri, stocuri, publicitate
etc.)

~ bill - list de preuri

~ foreman - ef de atelier
~ front - galantar; vitrin
~ premises - local de atelier
~ - soiled - care i-a pierdut
prospeimea (despre o marjd, dup
expunerea n magazin)

~ steward - delegat sindical de atelier

~ test - prob de atelier

SHI-SHO

shopgirl s. vnztoare
shopkeeper s. negustor, comerciant {cu
magazin)
shopkeeping s. negustorie, comer
shoplifting s. furt din magazin
shopman s. 1. negustor, comerciant 2.
vnztor
shopper s. cumprtor, client
shopping 5'. 1. cumprturi, trguieli 2.
amplasamente comerciale; mrfuri adj.
referitor la cumprturi, de cumprturi, comercial
~ centre - centru comercial
~ street - strad comercial
~ week - sptmn a vnzrilor
promoionale
to do one's ~ - a-i face cumprturile
to go ~ - a se duce la cumprturi
shopwalker s. supraveghetor (intr-un
magazin universal); efde raion
shopwindow s. vitrin
shore s. rm, coast, litoral adj.
costier, de coast
- area - zon costier
~ fishery - pescuit costier
shoreman s. 1. locuitor de pe coast 2.
pescar de coast 3. docher 4. proprietar
de pescador
short adj. 1. scurt; redus 2. incomplet,
insuficient, deficitar 3. far acoperire
(despre aciuni, mrfuri, recolte care
nu sunt disponibile n momentul
vnzrii, mizndu-se pe obinerea lor
pn la tranzacia efectiv) adv. 1. pe
termen scurt 2. far acoperire s. 1.
vnzare fr acoperire; titluri de
valoare sau mrfuri far acoperire 2.
persoan care vinde far acoperire 3.
manco; lips, minus (dintr-o cantitate,
marfa)

SHO

~ account - cont al vnztorului/

vnzrilor far acoperire
~ bill - cambie la vedere
~ boards/ends - (mar.) scurtturi de
cherestea {marf de umplutura)

covering - (bur.), acoperire

insuficient, poziie descoperit ~ dated pe termen scurt ~ day - program redus de
lucru ~ delivery - livrare incomplet, lips
la livrare
~ -handed - cu personal/mn de lucru
insuficient() ~ haul - transport pe distan
scurt;
cabotaj
~ - haul ship/vessel - nav de cabotaj
~ hundredweight - chintal scurt
~ - landed - descrcat/predat n minus
(fa de documente)
~ lease - concesiune scurt (yalabil
pentru maipuin de 50 de an)
~ loan - mprumut pe termen scurt
~ of content - lips din coninut (in
cazul recipientelor cu mrfuri Uchide)
~ of stock - {bur.} lips de aciuni/
acoperire
~ paid - francat insuficient (despre o
scrisoare)
~ position - (bur.) pozitie descoperit
(vnzarefar acoperire)
~ rate - dobnd la vedere (penru
cecuri i cambii)
~ sale - (bur.) vnzare far acoperire
(de aciuni sau mrfuri pe care
vnztorul nu le deine nc)
~ - sea coaster/ship/vessel - cabotier,
nav de cabotaj mic
~ - sea shipping - navigaie de cabotaj
~ sea trade - mic cabotaj (intre
porturi naionale din aceeai mare)

289

~ shipment - (mar.) marfa rmas

nencrcat (din lips de spaiu)
~ shipping - navigaie pe distan
scurt
~ squeeze - inflaie de penurie (cnd
oferta insuficient exercit presiuni de
mrire aprefurilor)
- - term - pe termen scurt; la vedere
~ - time working - program redus de
lucru
~ ton - ton scurt/american
~ - trial balance - bilan de inventar
~ weight - lips la cntar; greutate n
minus (la predare)
to be ~ of hands - a duce lips de
mn de lucru
to be in ~ supply - a fi deficitar/n
cantiti insuficiente
to be on - time - a lucra cu norm
parial/program redus
to fall ~ in weight - a fi sub greutatea
prevzut
to fall ~ of the amount - a fi sub suma
prevzut
to give ~ weight - a da lips la cntar
shortage s. criz, penurie, lips, deficit
~ cost - cost de penurie
~ in the cash - manco de cas
~ in weight - lips la cntar/greutate
~ materials - materiale deficitare
-- of capital - lips de capital shortchange v.t. a nu da restul cuvenit (cuiva
care a pltit cu bancnot sau moned
mare) shortfall s. lips, defcit shorting s.
(bur.) vnzare far acoperire (de aciuni
sau mrfuri pe care vnztorul nu le define
nca) show s. 1. spectacol 2. expoziie v.t.
a expune, a prezenta ~ bill - afi publicitar

290

~ business - show business, industria

spectacolelor
~ card - panou, reclam
~ of hands - vot prin ridicarea minii
~ window - vitrin
showcase s. vitrin, galantar v.t. a
expune, a prezenta
showplace s. punct de atractie turistic
showroom s. sal de expoziie
shrink v.i. a se micora, a se contracta
shrinkage s. 1. micorare, contractare;
pierderi prin contractare/uscare (la
unele mrfur) 1. pierdere n stoc

shut adj. nchis s. nchidere v.t. 1. a

nchide 2. (down) a nchide (o ntreprindere); a ntrempe (funcionarea,
exploatarea); a decupla (o instalaie} 3.
(off) a nchide, a tia (gazele, electricitatea etc.) 4. (out) a interzice
(accesul, intrarea); a exclude, a nu
ncrca (o parte din marfa)
shutdown s. nchidere (a unei ntreprinder); ntrerupere (a funcionrii, a
exploatri); decuplare (a unei
instalai)

shutout s. interzicere/oprire a accesului

(muncitorilor nfabric)

sick adj. 1. referitor la boal, de boal

2. neproductiv (despre sol)
~ allowance/benefit/pay - ajutor/
indemnizaie de boal
~ leave - concediu de boal
sight s. vedere; prezentare
~ bill - cambie la vedere
~ deposit account - cont de depuneri
la vedere
~ draft - trat la vedere
~ entry - declaraie vamal preliminar
~ rate - dobnd la vedere (pentru
cecuri i cambii)

SHO-SIL

sign s. 1. semn, marc 2. firm;

reclam v.t. 1. a nsemna, a marca cu un
semn 2. a semna, a iscli 3. (away) a semna
transfeml sau renunarea la (o proprietate)
4. (off) a renuna la (un drept) 5. (up) a
angaja (intr-o funcie);
a nscrie {la un curs) v.i. 1. (for) a
semna de primire pentru; a primi cu
forme legale 2. (in) a se nregistra (la
hote) 3. (off) a semna condica (la
ieirea din serviciu) 4. (on, up) a se
angaja, a fi angajat
to ~ in blank - a semna n alb
to ~ jointly - a semna n mod solidar
to ~ on behalf of smb. - a semna n
numele cuiva
to ~ per pro - a semna prin procur
signatory adj. semnatar s. semnatar,
parte semnatar
~ power - mputemicire de a semna
signature s. semntur
~ book - registru de semnturi
autorizate
~ card - carte de vizit cu specimen de
semntur
~ loan - mpmmut contra semntur
(credit care nu necesit garanii
suplimentare)

~ of the firm - semntur social

~ stamp - tampil cu semntur
signboard s. firm (la magazin)
signed adj. semnat
~ personally/in own hand - semnat
personal/manM propria
signer s. semnatar
signet s. 1. sigiliu 2. tampil v.t. a
pune sigiliul pe; a tampila
silent adj. tcut
~ partner - partener/asociat pum
cunoscut (care nu ia parte activ la
afacer); comanditar

SIL-SIT

silo s. siloz v.t. a nsiloza

silver s. argint
~ bullion - argint n lingouri
~ certifcates - (SUA) titluri cu
acoperire n argint
~ standard - (fn.) etalon-argint
simple adj. simplu
~ arbitration - arbitraj valutar simplu
~ average - (asig. mar.) avarie

particular
~ contract - contract verbal; contract
sub semntur privat
~ credit - acreditiv simplu/neconfirmat
~ debenture - obligaiune chirografar
~ interest - dobnd simpl
~ reproduction - reproducie simpl (a
capitalului)
~ share - aciune simpl/comun
simulation s. simulare (tehnic prin
care evenimentele viitoare probabile
sunt simulate pe calculator)
sinecure s. sinecur
sinecurist s. sinecurist
single adj. 1. singur, umc 2. simplu s.
(c.f.) bilet pentru o singur cltorie
~ bill - exemplar unic al cambiei
~ bond obligaiune simpl/fr
condiii (deplat)
~ chartering - navlosire simpl
~ cost - pre de cost pe unitate de
marfa
~ - entry bookkeeping - contabilitate
n partid simpl
~ fare - pre al biletului simplu/de dus
~ guarantee - garanie unic
~ liability - (asig. mar.) rspundere
unic (in caz de colmune); (SUA)
rspundere unic (in limita capitalului
investit)

~ - line frm - firm specializat ntr-o

singur gam/linie de produse

291

~ market - pia unic

~ option - opiune unic (care d drept
fie de cnmprare fie de vnzare)

~ payment - achitare ntr-o singur

tran
- -plant monopoly - monopol bazat pe
o singur ntreprindere
~ standard - (fin.) etalon metalic unic,
monometalism
~ tariff - tarif unic
~ tax - impozit unic
~ ticket - bilet simplu/de dus
~ -trip charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire pentru un singur voiaj
~ - trip container - container
neretumabil
~ -use goods - mrfuri de folosin
scurt
sink v.t. 1. a scufunda (o nava) 2. a
amortiza (un mprumut) 3. a investi, a
plasa (fonduri) 4. a pierde (bani prin
investiii nerentabile) 4. a determina
scderea (nivelului de trai) v.i. 1. a se
scufunda 2. a scdea, a se micora
(despre preuri); a se ieftini

sinking adj. care se scufund s. 1.

scufundare (a unei nave) 2. amortizare
(a unui mprumut) 3. pierdere (de bani
prin investiii nerentabile), plasament
dezavantajos
~ fund - fond de amortizare
sister s. sor
~ company - societate - sor
(aparinnd aceluiai holding)
~ ship/vessel - nav de serie; nav

apartinnd aceluiai armator

~ -ship clause - (asig. mar.) clauza
navei de serie
sit v.i. 1. a sta, a edea 2. a se ntruni, a
se reuni; a f n edin 3. (in, on) a
face parte (din), a fi membru (n)

292

~ -down strike - grev italian/la locul

de munc
~ in - grev la locul de munc; protest
social (CM ocuparea unui local etc.)
site s. 1. poziie, loc, amplasament 2.
antier; teren (de construcie) v.t. a
amplasa (o construcie)
~ facilities - instalaii de antier
~ office - birou de antier
~ plan - plan de ansamblu/
amplasament
- road - dmm de antier
sitting s. edin, ntrunire, adunare
situation s. 1. poziie, amplasare (a
unui obiectiv) 2. situaie, stare
(economic) 3. post, serviciu
~ rent - rent diferenial (rent
funciar suplimentar obinut pentru
un teren mai fertil, mai bine amplasat
ec.)
- report - raport de afaceri
~ s vacant - oferte de serviciu
~ s wanted - cereri de serviciu
to be in a - - a fi angajat, a avea
serviciu
to be out of a - - a f far serviciu

srrSLE
~ staff - personal redus skill s. pricepere,
competen (tehnic);
calificare (a muncitorilor) skilled
adj. calificat
~ labour - munc calificat; mn de
lucru calificat
~ personnel - personal calificat
~ trades - meserii care necesit o
calificare
~ work - munc calificat
~ worker - muncitor calificat
skimming s. luarea spumei/cremei
(stabilire de preuri maxime pentru un
produs nou care nu este nc afectat de
concuren)

skipper s. comandant de cabotier,

comandant de pescador
slack adj. slab (despre activiti
economice) s. inactivitate, acalmie
~ business - lips de afaceri, stagnare
economic
~ demand - cerere slab
~ season - sezon mort
slacken v.i. a stagna (despre activitfi
economice)
slackening s. diminuare, reducere (a
comenzilor)
size s. 1. mrime, msur, dimensiune 2.
slackness s. stagnare (economic)
(com.) numr, msur, talie 3. format (de
slash s. reducere drastic/substanial
carte, hrtie etc.) v.t. a clasa, a sorta (dup (de preuri etc.) v.t. a reduce
mrime, dimensiune)
drastic/substanial (preuri)
-of-the-firm effect - efectul dimenslaughter s. tiere, sacrificare (a
siunii firmei (firmele mici nregistreaz
vitelor) v.t. a tia, a sacrifica (vite)
rate de rentabilitate mai bune dect
~ weight - greutate de sacrificare
firmele mari)
slaughterhouse s. abator
sizing s. clasare, sortare (dup mrime,
slavery s. sclavie
dimensiune)
sleeping adj. inactiv
skeleton s. schelet; schem, structur
~ partner - partener/asociat puin
adj.Tedus la elementele fundamentale
cunoscut (care nu ia parte activ la
~ contract - contract-cadru
afaceri); comanditar
- law - lege-cadru

SLE-SMA

~ patent - brevet neutilizat (brevet al

unui produs care nu este introdus n
circuitul comercial)
sliding adj. variabil, ajustabil
- scale price - pre ajustabil
~ trend - (bur.) scdere accentuat a
preurilor
slight adj. uor, nensemnat
~ damage - avarie uoar
~ fluctuation - fluctuaie uoar
sling (mar.) s. coad (de marja) v.t. a
coa

~ load/of cargo - coad de marfa

slinging s. (mar.) 1. coare (a
mrfurilor) 2. cheltuieli de coare
slogan s. slogan (publicitar)
slot s. orificiu (pentru introdus
monede)

~ machine - automat (pentru vnzarea

de bilete, igri etc.)
~ meter - contor electric (care
funcioneaz cu monede)
slow adj. 1. lent, ncet 2. inactiv,
stagnant (despre afaceri) v.t. a ncetini
(dezvoltarea)
~ assets - active stagnante (care nu pot
fi vndute rapid contra numerar)
~ goods - (c./) marfa de mic vitez
~ sale - vnzare lent
~ train - tren personal
slowdown s. ncetinire a ritmului de
lucru (form de protest a muncitorilor
fdr declanarea efectiv a grevei)

sluggish adj. inactiv; redus, lent, slab

~ demand - cerere redus
~ market - pia inactiv/cu activitate
redus
slump s. scdere brusc, prbuire (a
cursurilor bursiere); criz, depresiune
(economic) v.i. a scdea bmsc, a se
prbui (despre cursuri bursiere)

293

~ in the dollar - scdere brusc a

cursului dolarului
slumpflation s. depresiune economic
cu inflaie
small adj. mic, redus
~ and medium - sized companies societi/ntreprinderi mici i mijlocii
~ business - ntreprindere mic
~ cattle - vite mici/mrunte
~ change/coin/money - bani mmni,
mruni
~ (classifed) advertisement - mica
publicitate
~ (- coast) trade - micul cabotaj (ntre
porturile naionale din aceeai mare)
~ gross - mic gros (msur echivalent
cu 12 duzini, 144 de obiecte)
- holding - ferm mic
~ income - venit mic/redus
~ income relief - reducere a
impozitelor pentru veniturile mici
~ industry - mica industrie
~ loan company - societate specializat n acordarea de credite rambursabile n rate (pentru achiziionarea
unor bunuri defolosin ndelungat)
~ plant operation - ntreprindere
mic; atelier meteugresc
~ sample - eantion, mostr
~ - scale production - producie n
serie mic
~ - sized - mic, de dimensiuni mici
~ stowage - (mar.) marfa de umplere
(a spaiului rmas gol dup stivuire)
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor mici
~ ware - mercerie; articole de
ferrie/menaj
smart adj. inteligent, abil
money
despgubire
pentru
rezilierea contractului; bani plasai de

296

pune de o parte 2. a avea disponibil/n

excedent 3. a ntrebuina, a gospodri
cu economie/chibzuin 4. a ceda,
renuna la v.i. a fi econom, a tri cu
economie
~ capital - capital disponibil
~ cash - numerar disponibil
~ money - economii
~ part pies de rezerv/schimb
~ stowage - (mar.) spaiu liber pentru
arimare

~ time - timp liber

sparer s. bun gospodar, persoan care
tie s se gospodreasc
sparing adj. econom, chibzuit s.pl.
economii, bani economisii
special adj. 1. special, particular 2.
expres, urgent (despre coresponden,
ordine, dispoziii) s. 1. ediie special
2. tren special
~ acceptance - acceptare special/cu
rezerve (a unei cambii)
~ account - cont special/separat
~ bank credit plan - linie de credit
bancar special
~ charges - cheltuieli speciale/
suplimentare
~ contract - (dr.~) contract sub sigiliu
privat
~ correspondent - corespondent
special (al unui ziar, al unui post de
televiziune etc.)

~ crossing - barare special (a unui

cec)

~ delivery - distribuire expres/urgent

(a potei)
~ dividend - dividend suplimentar
~ drawing rights - (fin.) drepturi
speciale de tragere (ale rilor-membre
ale FMI)

- edition - ediie special

SPA-SPE

~ endorsement - andosare special/

nominal
interest grup
de
interese
(corporaie, grup de oameni de afaceri
care solicit faciliti, ndeosebi de natur
legislativ)
~ offer - ofert special (pfert de produse
la preuri sczute) ~ order - comand
special
-- partner - asociat n participaie (CM
rspundere n limitele capitalului investit
ntr-ofirm)
partnership
societate
n
participaie
- power (of attorney) - procur
special
~ price - pre special/de favoare
~ tax bond - obligaiune (municipal)
garantat prin ncasarea unui impozit
specialism s. specializare excesiv/
ngust
specialist s. specialist, expert
speciality s. 1. particularitate,
caracteristic, trstur distinctiv 2.
specialitate, domeniu principal de
activitate; specialitate, produs principal
~ fund - fond mutual specializat (fn
anumite tipuri de investii)
~ store - magazin specializat
specialization s. specializare (fn
cadrul diviziunii muncii)
specialize v.t. a specializa, a restrnge
la o specialitate/un domeniu (de studii)
v.i. (m) a se specializa (m); a fi
specialist (m), a avea ca specialitate
specialty s. 1. particularitate, trstur
distinctiv 2. specialitate, domeniu
principal de activitate; specialitate,
produs principal 3. {dr.) contract sub
sigiliu privat
specie s. moned metalic

SPE

~ points - (fin.) puncte de aur {limitele n

tre care oscileaz rata de schimb a doua
valute cn etalon aur, n condiiile
circulaiei libere a aurului ntre r)
specific adj. 1. specific 2. determinat,
anumit
~ amount - sum determinat ~ capital capital fix specific (cu anumit
ntrebuinare n procesul de producie)
~ consumption - consum specific ~ duty tax vamal fix (pe cantitatea de marja) ~
market - pia specific ~ tax - tax fix
(pe cantitatea de marfa)
~ weight - greutate specific specification
s. 1. specificare, menio-nare 2.
specificaie, list; descriere precis; deviz
descriptiv 3. clauz (contractual) 4. pl.
specificaii/ prescripii tehnice; norme,
conditii 5. pl. caiet de sarcini ~ conditions
- caiet de sarcini ~ of charge - (dr.) cap de
acuzaie ~ of the goods - specificare a
mrfurilor
~ of weight - specificare a greutii ~ s for
delivery - norme/condiii de livrare
~ s of quality - condiii tehnice de calitate
specify v.t. a specifica, a enumera
(amnunit); a preciza, a determina
specified adj. specificat; precizat,
determinat
~ account con detaliat/amnunit ~ load
,- ncrctur prevzut/ prescris
specimen s. 1. pecimen; model 2. mostr,
eantion

297

~ of cheque - model de cec ~ of signature specimen de semntur

speculate v.i. a specula, a agiota, ajuca la
burs
to ~ for a fall - a specula la baisse to ~
for a rise - a specula la hausse to ~ in
differences - a specula asupra diferenelor
de curs
to - on the stock exchange - a agiota, ajuca
laburs
speculative adj. speculativ, n vederea
speculaiei; riscant, hazardat (despre
operaii financiare)
~ balance - sold speculativ (sold de
numerar pstrat pentru a permite unei
firme sprofite de orice oportunitate) ~
buying - cumprri speculative ~ demand cerere speculativ ~ investments - investiii
speculative (cumpdrarea de aciuni sau
mrfuri n vederea revnzrii lor) ~
market - pia de speculaii ~ operations operaii/tranzacii speculative/riscante ' ~
risk - risc al speculaiei ~ selling - vnzri
speculative speculator s. speculator;
agiotor speed s. vitez v.t. (i ~ up) a grbi,
a accelera (producia) ~ goods - mrfuri de
mare vitez ~ - up - accelerare (a
producie) spend v.t. 1. a cheltui; a
ntrebuina 2. a epuiza, a consuma (m
ntregime) v.i. 1. a cheltui; a fi cheltuitor 2.
a se consuma; a se uza 3. a fi bogat, a
produce mult (despre zcminte) spending
adj. de cheltuial s. cheltuial; cheltuire
~ capacity/power - putere de cump-rare

298

~ money - bani de cheltuial/buzunar

spendthrift adj., s. cheltuitor, risipitor
spent adj. 1. consumat, epuizat 2.
(mar.) n balast la sfrit de voiaj (cu
apa, combustibilul, materialele de
ntreinere consumate)

- condition - (mar.) cu magaziile

goale/far ncrctur; cu ncrctur
complet (dar cu rezervele de ap,
combustibil, materiale de ntreinere
consumate)
spin-off s. 1. (SUA) proces de
reorganizare a unei societi pe aciuni
prin care aciunile unei filiale sunt
transferate companiei centrale fr
participarea la capitalul acesteia din

urm 2. produs secundar, derivat

spiral s. spiral (inflaionista} v.i. a
crete sau a scdea n spiral (despre
preuri)
split s. mprire, divizare, adj.
mprtit, divizat v.t. (i ~ up) a mpri,
a diviza
~ order - (bur.) comand executat la
preuri difereniale
~ - off - proces de reorganizare a unei
societi pe aciuni prin care aciunile
unei filiale sunt ransferate companiei
centrale contra participrii la capitalul
acesteia din urm

~ prices - preuri difereniale (pentru

acelai produs pe piee diferite)

~ share - aciune divizat (m alte

aciuni cu valoare mai mic)
~ shift - schimb de lucru divizat (in
dou sau mai multe ture pentru a
acoperi orele de vrf)
~ -up - proces de reorganizare a unei
societi pe aciuni prin care toate
activele i aciunile sunt schimbate
contra celor dou sau mai multe

SPE-SPO

societi rezultate din lichidarea

companiei centrale
spoil v.t., v.i. a (se) strica; a (se)

deteriora
to ~ the market - strica piaa
spoilage s. 1. stricare; deteriorare,
alterare 2. rebut, deeuri
sponsor s. sponsor v.t. a sponsoriza
sponsorship s. sponsorizare
spontaneous adj. spontan
~ accounts - (cont.) conturi spontane
(conturi din bilan i situaia venitului
care se schimb o datd cu modificarea
vnzrilor)
~ financing - finanare spontan
(finanare, cum ar fi creditul
comercial, rezultat din derularea
normal a unei afacer)
spot s. 1. spot, disponibil, marfa
disponibil/cu livrare imediat 2.
spot/anun publicitar (la radio i
televiziune) adj. disponibil, cu livrare
imediat
~ announcement/broadcast - spot
publicitar
~ cash - plat n numerar la livrare
~ contract - contract spot/pentru
disponibil
deal/transaction
operaie/
tranzacie cu plata m numerar la livrare;
operaie/tranzacie cu marfa disponibil
~ delivery - livrare imediat ~ docking (mar.) punere imediat la dispoziie a
navei
~ exchange - valut pentm derularea
livrrilor imediate
goods
disponibil,
mrfuri
disponibile/cu livrare imediat ~ market piaa spot/disponibilului;
pia cu plata n numerar la livrare

SPO-STA

~ price - pre spot/pentru livrarea

imediat
~ quotation - cotare pentru disponibil
~ rate - tarif pentru mandat/transfer
telegrafic
~ trader - comerciant cu livrarea
imediat a mrfii
spread s. 1. ntindere, rspndire;
difiizare, propagare 2. spread, diferen
(dintre preul pe care un dealer de valori
mobiliare l ofer pentru titlurile de
valoare i preul la care le revinde, dintre
preurile pentru livrrile spot saufutures)
3. gama de clase diferite de titluri de
valoare (incluse ntr-un portofoliu de
investiii) 4. (bur.) (SUA) optiune dubl,
stelaj cu preuri diferite (unul pentru put,
altul pentru call) 5. pl. diferena de
randament (dintre obligaiunile naionale
i cele internaionale) 6. (asig.)
repartizare, mprire (a unui risc),
reasigurare v.t. 1. a ntinde, a rspndi; a
difuza, a propaga 2. (/m.) a ealona 3. a
repartiza, a mprti (un risc), a reasigura
management - managementul
operaiunilor de spread spreadsheet s.
(cont.) desfaurtor ~ approach - metoda
desfaurtorului (pentru elaborarea
situaiei juxului de numerar)
spurious adj. fals, falsificat, contra-facut
squander s. risip v.t. a risipi (bani)
squanderer s. risipitor, persoan
risipitoare
squatter s. (dr.) ocupant ilegal/abuziv (al
unui teren sau al unui imobil) squeeze s. 1.
constrngere; stoarcere, smulgere (de ban)
2. control al masei

299

monetare (exercitat de guvem pentru a

limita inflaia) v.t. 1. a constrnge, a
presa; a stoarce, a smulge (ban) 1. a
controla, a restrnge (masa monetar)
stability s. stabilitate (economic,
politic)
stabilization s. stabilizare
~ fund - fond de stabilizare (a
monedei naionale)

~ loan - mprumut n vederea

stabilizrii
~ policy - politic de stabilizare
stabilize v.t. a stabiliza (preur)
stabilizers ^. pl. stabilizatori (economici)

stable adj. stabil

~ currency - moned stabil
stack s. stiv (de marfa) v.t. a stivui, a
aeza n stive
stacker s. stivuitor; elevator
staff s. 1. personal, salariai; cadre 2.
conducere (a unei ntreprinderi) v.t. a
ncadra cu personal
~ changes - schimbri de personal
~ costs - cheltuieli de personal; salarii
~ department - serviciu de personal;
departament central/de coordonare
~ manager - director al serviciului de
personal
~ - pattern - structur a personalului;
model (optim) de utilizare a salariailor
~ recruitment - recrutare de personal
~ reduction - reducere de personal
~ restaurant - cantin
~ shares - aciuni ale salariailor
staffng s. angajare de personal
~ schedule - plan de personal; stat de
funcii
stag s. speculant de burs v.i. a specula
la burs (prin subscrierea la emisiuni

300

noi pentru a vinde ulterior aciunile cu

profit)

stagflation s. stagflaie stagger v.t.

ealona, a repartiza staggered adj. ealonat
~ deliveries - livrri ealonate ~ working
day - zi de munc cu program ealonat/la
ore diferite (alc-tuit defirmepentru a evita
aglomeraia pe mijloacele de transport)
stagnancy s. stagnare (economic)
stagnant adj. stagnant, inactiv - economy economie stagnant ~ market - pia
moart/inactiv stagnate v.i. a stagna, a fi
inactiv stagnation s. stagnare, inactivitate
stake s. 1. miz (lajoc); (.ipl.) premiu,
ctig (la cursele de cai) 2. bani riscai
(inr-o afacere) v.t. 1. a miza, a pune n joc
2. a risca (bani ntr-o afacere) stakeholder
s. 1. (dr.) depozitar (agent imobiliar sau
mputernicit care deine banii
cumprtorului unei proprieti pentru a-i
transmte vnztorului) 2. persoan care
ine mizele (la cursele de cai)
stale adj. vechi, expirat ~ cheque - cec
expirat ~ debt - datorie veche/cu termenul
expirat
stall s. stand (la o expoziie); tonet, tarab;
chioc, prvlie ~ rent - tax de pia
stallage s. tax de pia; tax pentru dreptul
de a ine un chioc stallholder ^. vnztor
la chioc;
concesionar al unui chioc stamp s. 1.
tampil 2. timbru, marc 3. tan (pentru
btut monede) 4. marc, control (la
metalele preioase);
marc (afabricii) v.t. 1. a tampila 2. a

STA

timbra, a franca 3. a bate (moned) 4. a

marca (metalele preioase sau
produsele unei fabrici) v.i. a plti taxa
de timbru
~ charges - cheltuieli de timbrare
~ duty/tax - tax de timbru
~ note - (mar.) permis vamal de
ncrcare
~ paper - hrtie timbrat
stand s. 1. atitudine, poziie 2. (com.)
(perioad de) stagnare, sezon mort 3.
stand {la o expoziie); tarab 4. recolt
{de pe o anumit suprafa de teren) 5.
parcare, staie (de taxiuri etc.) v.i. 1. a
fi valabil, a se menine (despre un
contract) 2. a fi de, a atinge (un pre, o
valoare) 3. (by) a susine, a sprijini; a fi
de acord, a aproba 4. (in) a se altura, a
se asocia; a costa 5. (off) a oma 6.
(out) a refuza (s cedeze, s consimt)
7. (over) a fi amnat/n suspensie
(despre o problem); a lsa conturi
deschise/nesoldate
~ -by - auxiliar, de rezerv; de sprijin,
disponibil
~ -by agreement/arrangement acord stand-by (ncheiat cu FMI)
~ - by cost - (SUA) cost fix (care nu
variaz n funcie de volumul
produciei)
~ -by credit - credit stand-by/de sprijin
standard s. 1. standard, etalon, tip;
norm, model 2. titru, titlu adj.
standard; normal, curent
~ agreement - contract-tip
~ brand - marc de produse standard
~ bullion - lingouri de aur i argint
monetar
~ charge - tax uniform/forfetar
~ coin - moned-tip

STA

~ commodity - marfa standard

~ costing - evaluare standard a preului
de cost
~ deviation - abatere standard (concept
statistic care indic gradul de deviere a

unei serii de date fa de un etalon

central)
~ gold - aur monetar/cu titlu legal
~ grade - calitate standard/curent
~ industrial classification - clasificare
industrial standard
~ mark - marcaj standard (pe metalele
preioase)

~ metre - metru-etalon
~ money - unitate monetar oficial (a
unei ri)
~ of alloy - titlu al aliajului
~ of coinage - titlu al monedei
~ of living - nivel de trai
~ of measurement - msur-etalon
~ of price - etalon al preului
~ of value - etalon de valoare
~ of weight - greutate-etalon
~ price - pre curent
~ production - producie de serie
~ quality - calitate standard
- silver - argint monetar/cu titlu legal
~ specifications - specificaii standard,
norme tehnice
standardization s. standardizare; normare
standardize v.t. a standardiza; a norma
standing adj. 1. fix, stabil 2. permanent 3. necules; nesecerat ;?. situaie,
reputaie (a uneifinne)
~ charges/expenses - cheltuieli fixe/
generale
~ committee - comitet permanent
~ crop - recolt nesecerat/n lan; fond
forestier

301

~ order - ordin de plat la intervale

regulate (din cont)
~ price - pre fix
~ timber - lemn netiat; fond forestier
standstill s. ncetare, oprire
~ agreement - acord de reealonare a
datoriei exteme; moratoriu
staple s. 1. produs principal/de baz (al
unei ar) 2. marfa de serie 3. materie
prim 4. magazie, antrepozit; centru
comercial adj. 1. principal 2. de larg
consum
~ article - articol principal
- exports - mrfuri de baz ale
exportului
~ industry - industrie principal/de
baz
start s. nceput, debut v.t. 1. a ncepe
(o afacere); a lansa (o subscripie) 2. a
fonda, a nfiina (o companie)
starting s. 1. nceput 2. fondare,
nfiinare (a unei companii) adj. iniial,
de pomire
~ price - pre iniial/de strigare (la
licitaie)
state s. 1. stat 2. situaie, stare adj.

statal, de stat v.t. 1. a stabili, a fixa 2. a

afirma, a declara
- - aided - subvenionat
~ bank - banc de stat
~ bond - obligaiune de stat
~ capitalism - capitalism de stat
~ control - control al statului
-- grant - subvenie de stat
~ - guarantee - cu garania statului
~ insurance - asigurri sociale de stat
~ interference - intervenia statului (m
economie), dirijism
~ management - administraie de stat
~ monopoly - monopol de stat

302

STA

~ (-owned) enterprise - ntreprindere

de stat
statistical adj. statistic
~ paper - document oficial
~ data - date statistice
~ pensioner - pensionar de stat
~ department - serviciu statistic
~ planning - centralism/planificare
statistician s. statistician
economic()
statistics s. statistic
~ property - proprietate de stat
status s. 1. status, stare/condiie social
stated adj. 1. stabilit, fixat 2. afirmat,
2. stare, situaie 3. statut legal
declarat
~ enquiry agency - agenie de
~ capital - capital declarat
informaii despre situatia financiar (a
~ salary - salariu stabilit/fixat
uneifrme)
statement s. 1. afirmaie, declaraie 2. ~ symbol - simbol de status (simbol al
poziiei ocupate de o persoan sau un
(cont.) extras de cont; situaie 3. (asig. grup
n societate)
mar.) dispa ~ balance - sold al extrasului statute s. statut; lege; regulament
~ - barred debt - datorie prescris
de cont;
~ book - cod de legi
sold final
~ of account - (cont.) extras de cont ~ of ~law -jurispruden
affairs - (cont. ( bilanl,,;, bilan, de 'icfatlare ~ mile - mi.l terestr/en%lez ~ ol
Tiimlaion^s) - \r7) legea prescripiei
\dl unei societafi 'in^Tictiiare
statutory adj. statutar; stabilit/ prevzut
sau al unui debitor falit)
de lege
~ of assets and liabilities - situaie a
~ company - societate de servicii publice
activului i pasivului, bilan
~ of claim - (dr.) act de reclamaie;
constituit printr-o lege special
list de pretenii
~ dividend - dividend statutar ~ fee - tax
~ of costs - situaie a costurilor, cont al
statutar (cost admi-nistrativ al lichidrii
cheltuielilor (de producie)
unui mprumut) ~ formality - formalitate
~ of goods - situaie a disponibilului de
legal ~ funds - fond statutar ~ holiday mrfuri
srbtoare legal ~ legacy - drept legal de
stater s. (asig. mar.) dispaor
motenire ~ meeting/report - adunare
station s. 1. staie, gar 2. port, gar
statutar (prima adunare general a
maritim 3. staie, punct, loc; post
aciona-rilor)
~ bill - (mar.) rol general al navei
~ order - ordonan cu putere de lege ~
~ manager - efde gar
reserve - rezerv legal (a unei bnc)
static adj. static
~ sick pay - indemnizaie de boal ~ tenant
~ economics - economie static
stationer s. papetar
- arenda cu drept de a ocupa un teren i
~ 's shop - papetrie
dup expirarea contractului
stationery s. (articole de) papetrie
statism s. economie planificat/dirijat
statist 5'. 1. statistician 2. adept al
economiei planificate/dirijate

STA-STI

~ undertaker - concesionar de servicii

publice
steady adj. 1. stabil, ferm 2. continuu,
constant; regulat v.t. a stabiliza (piaa,
fluctuaiile etc.)
~ demand - cerere constant
~ market - pia stabil
~ progress - progres continuu/susinut
~ shipments - (mar.) transporturi
regulate
steel s. oel adj. referitor la oel, din
oel
~ concrete - beton armat
~ industry - industria oelului
steelworks s. oelrie
steelyard s. balan roman
steep adj. exagerat, exorbitant (despre
preur)
stem (mar.) s. stem, rnd de operare
v.t. a programa o nav (pentru intrare
nport, andocare, operare etc.)
~ date - dat de ncrcare
~ note - avizare/notificare de nav
gata de operare"
~ number - numr de rnd la operare
step s. 1. pas; demers, msur 2. etap,
faz, treapt v.t. 1. (down) a micora, a
reduce 2. (up) a mri, a spori
~ action - aciune/intervenie n
etape/trepte
stepped adj. n trepte
~ cost - cost n trepte (cost fx pna ce
firma ajunge la un nou nivel de
activitate comercial, cnd se fixeaz
alt cost)

- salary increase - spor de salariu n

trepte
stere s. ster (unitate de msur pentru
volum)

sterling adj. 1. referitor la lira sterlin

2. veritabil, pur; cu titlu legal (despre

303

metale preioase) s. 1. lir sterlin 2.

standard de puritate (pentru monedele
britanice din aur i arginf)
~ area / bloc - zona lirei sterline
~ balances - solduri' n lire sterline
(pstrate n Marea Britanie)
~ gold - aur cu titlu legal
~ security - titlu de valoare pltibil n
lire sterline
~ silver - argint cu titlu legal
stevedore s. docher, muncitor portuar;
stivator, stivuitor v.t. a stivui; a arima ~
equipment - utilaje de stivuire ~ foreman
- ef stivator ~ service - serviciu de
stivuire;
companie de stivuire
stevedoring s. stivuire, manipulri
maritime; arimare
~ charges - cheltuieli de stivuire /
manipulare
~ company - companie de stivuire
steward s. 1. administrator (al unei
proprieti funciare) 2. intendent,
econom {al unui colegiu, al unui club)
3. steward (pe un tren, avion etc.)
stewardess s. 1. stewardes (pe un
tren, avion etc.) 1. fat de serviciu,
menajer
sticker s. 1. etichet (cu preul} 2.
material publicitar colant
'
sticky adj. relativ stabil, cu variaii
mici {despre preurf)
stiff adj. excesiv, piperat (despre
preur)
stipend s. stipendiu, salariu, leafa
stipulate v.t. a stipula, a specifica v.i.
(for) a stipula, a prevedea, a cere
stipulated adj. stipulat, prevzut,
convenit
~ quality - calitate stipulat /
convenit

STI-STO

stipulation s. stipulatie, clauz,

prevedere
stipulator s. stipulator, contractant stock
s.l. stoc, cantitate; rezerve, provizii 2.
(packet de) aciuni; drept de acionar 3.
titlu de valoare (emis de stat sau
municipalitate) 4. eptel, inventar viu 5.
materiale, unelte; inventar adj. 1.
disponibil, n depozit (despre mrfuri,
provizii) 2. referitor la actiuni sau titluri 3.
referitor la creterea vitelor v.t. 1. a
aproviziona, a fumiza 2. a avea, a ine
(mrfur) 3. a stoca, a depozita ~ book registru de magazie ~ certificate certificat de aciuni ~ certificate to bearer
- certificat de aciuni la purttor ~ clerk magaziner ~ company societate pe
actiuni ~ control - gestiune a stocurilor ~
dividend - dividend-aciune (pltit n
aciuni suplmentare i nu n numerar)
~ exchange - burs de valori ~
exchange list - buletin bursier ~ fair trg de vite
~ farm - ferm / cresctorie de vite /
animale
~ fund - fond mutual de aciuni comune
~ index - indice bursier ~ -m-trade - stoc
de mrfuri, mrfuri disponibile
~ issue - emisiune de aciuni ~ list - buletin
al bursei; inventar ~ market - burs de
valori; trg de vite ~ number - numr de
fabricaie ~ of capital - rezerv de capital
~ of cash - rezerv de numerar ~ of orders
- portofoliu de comenzi

~ option - titluri de valoare cu opiune

(tranzacionate la dat i pre
specificat)

~ scrip - certificat provizoriu de

aciuni
~ size - mrime obinuit / curent (de
articole de mbrcminte)

~ split - divizare a actiunilor (msur

contabil de cretere a numrului de
aciuni n circulaie fr emisiunea
unor aciuni no)
~ ticker - telex pentm transmiterea
automat a cotaiilor bursiere
~ turnover - circulaie/rulare a stocurilor
~ valuation - evaluare a stocurilor
~ warrant - (SUA) certificat de aciuni
stockbreeder s. cresctor de vite
stockbroker s. agent de schimb/burs,
broker de titluri
stockbroking s. brokeraj, curtaj
stockholder s. acionar
~ of record - (SUA) acionar posesor
de aciuni nominale
~ s'equity - capital propriu, capitalul
acionarilor (deintori de aciuni
comune)
~ s'meeting - adunarea acionarilor
stockist s. angrosist (comerciant care
se aprovizioneaz de la un anumit
productor, pstrnd un anumit stoc de
marf, n schimbul unor bonificai)
stockjobber s. agent de burs (care
iniial fcea tranzacii numai cu
brokerii)
stockjobbery s. intermedieri bursiere
stockjobbing v. stockjobbery
stockman s. 1. cresctor de vite 2.
magaziner
stockpile s. stoc; depozit de materiale
v.t. a stoca, a depozita n stoc

STO

stockpiling s. stocare, depozitate n

stoc

stockroom s. magazie, depozit

stocktaking s. inventariere, inventar
~ price - pre de inventar
~ sale - vnzare / soldare la inventar
~ value - valoare de inventar
stockyard s. 1. arc de vite; obor de
vite 2. teren de depozitare
stone 5'. stone (unitate de masur
pentru greutate)
stop s. 1. oprire; retenie, sechestm
(asupra marfii) 2. suspendare, sistare,
ntrerupere (a livrrilor) v.t. 1. a opri; a
reine, a sechestra (niarf) 2. a
suspenda, a sista, a ntrerupe (livrrile')
v.i. 1. a se opri, a se ntrerupe 2. (over)
a face o (scurt) oprire (m timpul unui
circuit turisic); a face o escal
~ for freight - (mar.) retenie a mrfii
pentru navlu
~ - go policy - politic altemativ de
frnare - accelerare (a dezvoltrii);
(fin.) altemare rapid a inflaiei i
deflaiei
~ loss - (bur.) oprire a pierderilor
{prdin ctre broker de a vinde aciunile
care scad sub o anumit valoare)
~ order - ordin (ctre banca) de
ncetare a plilor (pentru un cec);
ordonan judectoreasc de blocare a
unor conturi, fonduri
~ payment -ordin (ctre banc) de
ncetare a plilor (pentru un cec)
~ price - curs la care brokerul s-a
angajat s vnd (pentru a evita
pierderi mai mari)

stopgap s. msur provizorie /

temporar; expedient adj. provizoriu,
temporar

305

~ loan - mprumut (pe termen scurt) pentru

msuri provizorii / temporare stoppage s.l.
oprire, ntrempere;
ncetare a lucmlui, grev 2. oprire,
sechestrare (a mrf) 3. reinere (din
salariu)
~ in transitu - oprire (a mrfi} n
tranzit (de ctre furnizor dacd
cumprtorul este insolvabil)

storage s. 1. depozitare, nmagazinare

2. depozit, magazie; rezervor
~ capacity - capacitate de depozitare
~ charges - cheltuieli de depozitare
~ factor - grad de utilizare / ocupare al
depozitului
~ life - (com.) termen de garanie;
durat de depozitare
~ losses - pierderi la depozitare
~ space - spaiu de depozitare
~ tank - rezervor
~ vessel - depozit plutitor
~ yard - depozit; teren de depozitare
store s. 1. depozit, magazie, antrepozit
2. stoc, rezerv 3. materiale, bunuri 4.
magazin, prvlie; i pl. magazin
universal v.t. 1. a aproviziona 2. a
depozita, a nmagazina; a ine n
depozit sau magazin
~ book - registru de mrfuri
~ cattle - vite de came
~ clothes - confecii
~ ship/vessel - nav - baz
stored adj. 1. aprovizionat 2. depozitat,
nmagazinat
~ terms - livrat contra warant
storehouse s. depozit, magazie,
antrepozit
storekeeper s. 1. magaziner 2. (SUA)
proprietar de magazin, comerciant
storeman s. magaziner
storeroom s. magazie, depozit

STO-STR

stow v.t. \.(mar.) a stivui; a arima 2. a

ambala, a mpacheta; a nmagazina
stowable adj. stivuibil
~ cargo container - container stivuibil
stowage s. l.(mar.) stivuire; arimare 2.
spaiu de stivuire; magazie, cal 3. tax
de stivuire 4. mrfuri stivuite 5.
ambalare, mpachetare; nmagazinare
~ capacity - capacitate a magaziei
~ certificate - certificat de stivuire
~ diagram - schem de stivuire
~ factor - indice / factor de stivuire
~ order - instruciuni de stivuire
~ plan - plan de ncrcare, cargoplan
~ space - spaiu de stivuire
stowaway s. pasager clandestin
stower s. (mar.) stivuitor, stivator
stowing ^. (mar.) stivuire; arimare
~ certifcate - certificat de stivuire
~ dimension - gabarit al mrfii stivuite
straddle s. (bur.) opiune dubl /
mixt, stelaj
to ~ the market - a face speculaii pe
piaa bursier (miznd pe scderea
unor valori sau pe creterea altord)
straight adj. 1. drept; direct 2. corect,
cinstit 3. nominal 4.(com.) vndut la
pre fix {indiferent de cantitate)
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament
nominal
~ bond -obligaiune direct (fr
opiuni de convertire)
~ dealing - afacere cinstit
~ letter of credit - acreditiv nominal
~ - line - liniar; cu productie n flux
~ - line method - (cont.) metoda
amortizrii liniare
~ - line rate - tarif proporional cu
consumul
~ loan - mprumut negarantat

~ - term mortgage loan - credit ipotecar cu rambursare integral la

scaden
strain s. tensiune, ncordare (pe pia)
~ on credit - limitare a creditului
straits s.pl. jen fmanciar, situaie
critic
strap (SUA) s. (bur.) opiune tripl
strategic adj. strategic
~ analysis - (man.) analiz strategic
(analiza factorilor-cheie care po
asigura succesul)
~ behaviour - comportament strategic
(al unei firme n vederea obinerii de
profituri maxime)

~ business unit - (man.) unitate

strategic de afaceri (cea mai mic
unitate a unei corporaii care poate
aplica o strategie independent)
~ Rt - {man.') armonizare strategic
(corelarea dintre strategia companiei
i resursele sale)
~ group - grup strategic (grup de
societi cu pondere important n
cadrul unei industrii care urmeaz o
strategie comun)
~ piggybacking - povar strategic
(domeniu de activitate care funcioneaz folosind resursele altui domeniu}
~ plan - plan strategic
predisposition - predispoziie
strategic (tendina unei societi de a
urma o anumit strategie pe baza
activitii trecute i a activelor sale) ~ raw
materials - materii prime de importan
strategic ~ stocks - rezerve strategice
strategy s. strategie
streamline v.. a accelera, a dinamiza
(procesul deproducie) street s. strad

STR-SUB

~ loan - mprumut pe termen scurt (24

de ore, pentru agenii de burs)
~ market - burs neoficial
~ name - broker cu titlu neoficial (care
deine aciuni nregistrate pe numele
su, i nupe cel al clientului cu scopul
de a uura tranzacia i ca garanie c
acesta se va realiza n limitele
financiare prestabilite)

~ porter - comisionar
~ price - curs la bursa neoficial
- trader - vnztor ambulant; vnztor
de mruniuri
strike s. 1. descoperire (a unui
zcmnt) 1. succes, noroc, lovitur 3.
grev 4. strike (unitate de msur
pentru capacitate) v.t. 1. a descoperi
(un zcmnt) 2. a face (o afacere); a
reui (in afaceri) 3. a bate (moned) 4.
(off) a reduce, a face un rabat / o
reducere de 5. (out) a tia, a terge, a
radia v.i. a face grev, a f n grev; a
declara grev
~ benefit / pay - indemnizaie de grev
~ clause - clauza grevei
~ committee - comitet de grev
~ movement - micare grevist
~ picket - pichet de grev
~ price - (bur.) pre de exercitiu
(cursul la care cumprtorul unei
opiuni de cumprare sau vnzare
poate dobndi sau ceda activul n
cauza)

~ struggle - aciune / lupt grevist

to be on ~ - a fi n grev
to come out on ~ - a intra n grev
to go on ~ - a face grev
to ~ a balance - a ncheia un bilan; a
solda un cont
to ~ it rich - a se mbogi brusc /
rapid

307

to ~ work - a nceta lucml, a intra n grev

strikebreaker s. sprgtor de grev striker
s. grevist
stringency s. 1. strictee, rigoare, severitate;
restrngere, limitare 2. lips de bani,
dificulti financiare 3. depresiune, criz
(apiee) ~ of credit - restrngere a
creditului / posibilitilor de creditare
stringent adj. 1. strict, riguros, sever 2.
puin, insuficient (despre bani,
capitalun); restrns, limitat (despre piaa
financiar)
~ market - pia restrns / limitat ~
regulations - dispozitii stricte / riguroase /
severe strong adj. solid; ferm, stabil ~
market - pia ferm ~ measures - msuri
energice ~ position - situaie solid
(financiara) ~ prices - preuri stabile
strongbox s. cas de bani, seif strongroom
s. tezaur, camer de valori (ntr-o banc)
structural adj. structural, de structur *~
analysis - analiz structural ( a unei ramuri
industriale)
change / transformation modificare / transformare structural ~
unemployment - omaj structural (datorat
structurii economice) structure s. structur
(economic, organizatoric etc.)
stub s. cotor, talon, matc (de chitan, cec
etc.)
~ - card - cartel cu talon style s. 1. stil,
manier, mod 2. tip, model 3. mod 4. titlu,
nume; nume comercial / social v.t. a numi, a
denumi subaccount s. subcont

308

subagent s. subagent subaltern s. subaltem

subcharter v.t. (mar.) a subnavlosi
subcharterer s. (mar.) subnavlositor,
navlositor intermediar subcommission s.
subcomisie subcommittee s. subcomitet
subcompany s. societate sub controlul altei
societi
subcontract s. subcontract, contract
secundar v.t. a subcontracta
programme - program de
subantrepriz
subcontractor s. 1. subcontractant,
subantreprenor 2. subfumizor, fumizor
intermediar
subdirector .. subdirector, director
adjunct
subdivide v.t.,v.i. a (se) submpri; a
(se) subdiviza
subject adj. 1. supus; dependent 2. (to)
supus/expus la; pasibil de prep. (to)
sub rezerva; cu condiia s. subiect,
tem; obiect de studiu, materie v.t. (to)
a supune, a expune
~ goods - mrfuri rubricate (intr-un
document de transport)

~ matter - subiect, tem; obiect,

materie

~ matter insured - obiect asigurat

~ nation - stat dependent
~ open - cu condiia ca nava s fie
disponibil (clauz de navlosire)
~ to alteration - sub rezerva
modificrilor
~ to approval - sub rezerva aprobrii
~ to quota restrictions - contingentat
~ to restrictions - supus restriciilor
~ to safe arrival - cu condiia sosirii
sigure (clauz de navlosire)

SUB

~ to the foregoing - sub rezerva celor

artate mai sus
subjoin v.t. a aduga, a anexa
subjoinder s. adaos; remarc adiional
sublease s. subnchiriere; subarendare
v.t. a subnchiria; a subarenda
subleasing s. subnchiriere; subarendare
sublessee s. subchiria; subarenda
sublessor s. persoan care subnchiriaz sau subarendeaz
sublet v.. 'd subnchiria; a subarenda
sublettable adj. de subnchiriat; de
subarendat
subletting v. subleasing
subliminal adj. subliminal, subcontient
~ advertising - publicitate subliminal
submanager v. subdirector
submortgage s. subipotec; reipotecare
suboffice.y. sucursal
subordinate adj. subordonat, secundar
~ debt - datorie secimdar (datorie
care se achit numai dupd ce au fost
acoperite obligaiile fa de deintorii
de aciuni prefereniale)

subpoena (dr.) s. citatie {implicnd

amend n caz de neprezentare) v.t. a
cita
subrogate v.t. (dr.) a subroga
subrogation s. {dr.) subrogare
~ clause - clauz de subrogare
subscribe v.t. 1. a semna, a iscli 2. a
subscrie (o sum), a contribui cu v.i. 1.
a semna, a iscli, a-i pune semntura
2. a subscrie, a contribui 3. a plti
cotizaii, abonamente etc; a fi abonat
subscriber s. 1. semnatar 2. abonat
~ capital - capital subscris
the ~ - subsemnatul

SUB-SUC

subscription s. 1. semnare, isclire;

semntur, isclitur 2. document / act
semnat 3. subscriere; subscripie, sum
subscris; cotizaie 4. abonament ~
certifcate - certificat provizoriu de aciuni
~ form - formular de subscriere ~ list list de subscripii ~ price - pre de
subscripie ~ right - drept (preferenial) de
subscriere (de aciuni) subsequent adj.
urmtor; ulterior ~ claims - pretenii /
revendicri ulterioare
~ endorser - urmtoml andosator ~ holder
- urmtorul deintor ~ payment - plat
ulterioar; plat suplimentar
subsidiary adj. 1. subsidiar, auxiliar,
complementar 2. mentinut / ntreinut prin
subvenii s. filial ~ account - (cont.)
subcont
ledgers - (cont.) crti mari
auxiliare/analitice ~ coin - moned
divizionar ~ company - filial subsidize
v.. a subveniona subsidy s. subvenie,
subsidiu subsistence s.. subzisten,
existen 2. mijloace de trai / existen;
resurse ~ agriculture /farming agricultur de subzisten {destinata
ntreinerii agricultorului ifamiliei sale) ~
allowance / money - indemnizaie de
cltorie (in interes de serviciu) ~ crop recolt de subzisten (care nu este
destinat comercializri) ~ level - nivel al
minimului de existen
~ wages - salariu minim/de subzisten
subsoil s. subsol

309

substitute s. 1. substitut, nlocuitor 2.

schimb, nlocuire 3. surogat
~ ad interim - interimar
~ goods / products - nlocuitori,
surogate; imitaii
~ material - material de nlocuire
~ money - substitui ai banilor
substitution s. substituire, nlocuire
~ effect - efect de substituire (efectul
asupra comportamentului cumprtorului cauzat de modificarea preului
unui anumit produs)

~ (price) bond swap - (fin.) operaiuni

de swap prin substituire de obligaiuni
~ product - produs de substituie
substructure s. infrastructur
subtenancy v. subleasing
subtenant v. sublessee
subtotal s. sum partial
suburb s. suburbie
suburban adj. suburban
~ area - zon suburban
suburbanization .y. suburbanizare,
extindere a zonei suburbane
suburbanize v.t. a suburbaniza, a
extinde zona suburban
subvention s. subvenie
succeed v.i. l.(to) a urma, succeda (Za);
a moteni (o proprietate) 1. (in) a reui
(n afaceri)

to ~ to a business - a prelua conducerea afacerilor/firmei

succeeding adj. 1. urmtor 2. succesiv
~ account/settlement - (bur.) lichidarea urmtoare
~ losses - pierderi succesive
~ planning - planificare succesiv
(mai ales a sistemului de conducere i
pregtire a cadrelor)
successful adj. care are succes,
ncununat de succes

310

SUC-SUP

~ tenderer - adjudecatar
succession s. 1. succesiune; serie, ir 2.
(dr.) succesiune; motenire
duty - impozit succesoral/pe motenire
~ law - drept succesoral ~ of crops
asolament, rotaie a culturilor
successional adj. 1. succesiv 2. (dr.)
succesoral
successive adj. succesiv ~ endorsements andosri succesive successor adj.
succesor, urma;
motenitor
sue v.t. 1. a da n judecat, a intenta
proces 2. (out) a obine (o hotrre
judectoreasc) v.i. a intenta proces; a
cere daune/despgubiri
~ and labour clause - (asig. mar.)
clauz de acionare i lucru; clauz de
diminuare a pagubelor
~ charges - cheltuieli de judecat
sufferance s. permisiune, autorizare;
permis
~ wharf - dan de antrepozitare (pn
la plata taxelor vamale)
suit s. proces, urmrire judiciar
~ at law - proces/aciune civil()
sum s. sum, total v.t. 1. a aduna, a
calcula 2. (up) a totaliza; a rezuma, a
recapitula
~ due/owning - sum datorat
~ insured - valoare a poliei de
asigurare, sum asigurat
~ in words/at length - sum n litere
~ payable - sum de plat
~ total - sum total/global
summary s. rezumat (al unui
document) adj. sumar, scurt
~ dismissal - concediere disciplinar
-jurisdiction'-jurisdicie sumar

~ proceeding (dr.) procedur sumar

summit s. summit, conferin la nivel
nalt adj. la vrf/nivel nalt
~ conference - conferin la nivel nalt
~ talks - tratative/negocieri la nivel
nalt
summons s. citaie; somaie; mandat
sumptuary adj. somptuar
~ law - lege somptuar
~ tax - tax somptuar
sundries s. pl. 1. articole diverse 2.
cheltuieli diverse
~ account - (cont.) cont diverse
~ column - (conr.) coloan diverse
~ ledger - (cont.) registru diverse
sundry adj. divers
~ account - (cont.) cont diverse
~ debtors - debitori diverse
~ expenses - cheltuieli diverse
sunrise s. rsrit de soare
~ industry - industrie nou/emergent
sunset s. apus de soare
~ industry - industrie n declin
superannuate v.t., v.i. a (se) pensiona
superannuation s. 1. pensionare 2.
pensie
~ contribution - contribuie pentru
pensie
~ fund - fond de pensii
supercargo s. (mar.) supercargo
(reprezentant pe nav al navlositorului
sau al proprietarului mrfi)

superdividend s. dividend suplimentar

superfne adj. extrafin; de calitate
superioar
superfluous s. ineficient
~ diversifcations - (/m.) diversificare
ineficient (selecia a 10 pn la 15
active ntr-un portofoliu)

superintend v.t. a supraveghea; a

conduce, a administra

iiww^iiifflaafffiiiitiw.ii^i ihf i 'www'

SUP

superintendence s. supraveghere;
conducere, administrare superintendent s.
inspector, controlor;
administrator; director tehnic
~ engineer - inginer-ef
superior adj. superior; de calitate
superioar s. superior; director
~ court - instan suprem
~ fnish - finisaj superior
~ goods - mrfuri superioare/de
calitate superioar
- quality - calitate superioar
supermarginal adj. care depete
limitele stabilite (despre un credit)
supermarket s. supermarket, mare
magazin universal (cu autoservire)
supernumerary adj. supranumerar
~ income - venit supranumerar
superprofit s. supraprofit
superscribe v.t. 1. a nscrie (numele,
meniuni) 2. a scrie, a meniona
(adresa)', a pune adresa pe (un plic), a
scrie n antet
superscription s. 1. inscripie, meniune 2. adres (pe plic); antet (pe.
documente)
supersede v.t. a nltura, a elimina (un
funcionar)
supersession s. nlturare, eliminare
(dintr-un post)

supertare s. tar suplimentar

supertax s. supratax; impozit pe
supraprofit
supervise v.t. 1. a supraveghea, a
controla 2. a conduce, a dirija
supervision s. 1. supraveghere, control
2. conducere, dirijare
supervisor s. supraveghetor, controlor
supervisory adj. de supraveghere/
control

~ personnel - personal de supraveghere

~ training - formare/pregtire a
personalului de supraveghere
supplement s. supliment v.t. a
suplimenta
supplementary adj. suplimentar
~ beneft - ajutor suplimentar de stat
~ charge - tax suplimentar
~ costs - costuri suplimentare
entry
(con.)
nregistrare
suplimentar
~ income - venit suplimentar ~ insurance asigurare suplimentar ~ policy - poli de
asigurare suplimentar
~ taxation - supraimpunere ~ wage supliment de salariu supplier s.
fumizor
~ concentration - concentrare a livrrilor
(de materie prim ctre un sector
industrial n mna ctorva fumizori)
~ credit - credit comercial (acordat
cumprtorului de ctrefurnizor) ~ 's
monopoly - monopol comercial supply s.
1. aprovizionare, fumizare, livrare 2.
rezerv, stoc 3. credit, fond 4. ofert 5.
nlocuire, suplinire 6. nlocuitor, suplinitor
7. alimentare {cu ap curent, energie
electric etc.) v.t. 1. a aproviziona, a
alimenta 2. a fumiza, a livra
~ and demand - cerere i ofert ~ base baz de aprovizionare, depozit ~
contractor - fumizor ~ -delivery service serviciu de aprovizionare - desfacere ~
depot - depozit de materiale ~ on hand rezerv/stoc disponibil() ~ plant - uzin
fumizoare

312

~ price - pre de ofert

support s. sprijin, susmere v.t. a
sprijini, a susine (preuri)
point - punct de intervenie/ susinere
(cnd banca central intervine pentru
susinerea cursulu) ~ price - pre
susinut/subvenionat supporting adj. de
sprijin/sustinere
~
document
act/dotumentjustificativ ~ order - ordin de
cumprare (penru a susine cursul)
~ purchases - cumprri de susinere (a
cursului)
supremacy
s.
supremaie,
poziie
dominant (pepia)
surcharge s. 1. suprancrcare 2. supratax
3. (asig.) prim suplimentar 4. amend 5.
surarj (pe un timbru) v.t. 1. a suprancrca
2. a suprataxa, a cere suprataxe pentru 3. a
amenda 4. a suraija (un timbru)
surety s. 1. garanie (pentru o datorie) 1.
garant 3. aval 4. siguran, securitate ~
bond - obligaiune garantat ~ for a bill of
exchange - aval ~ for a surety contragaranie to enter into a ~ bond - a
se angaja printr-un act de garanie to stand
~ for smb. - a fi garant pentru cineva
suretyship s. angajament de garanie
surplus
s.
surplus,excedent
adj.
excedentar, n surplus
~ capacity - capacitate excedentar (de
producie)
~ dividend - dividend suplimentar ~
earnings
beneficiu
suplimentar/
nedistribuit
~ fund - fond de rezerv ~ in the
cash - plus de cas

SUP-SUR

~ labour - fort de munc excedentar;

munc suplimentar
~ of receipts overs costs - excedent al
ncasrilor fa de costuri
~ production - supraproducie
~ profit - supraprofit
reserve - (fin.) rezerv general
(obligatorie), capital de rezerv (al unei
bnci)
~ sales - vnzri n surplus ~ spending
unit - unitate economic cu cheltuieli mai
mari dect veniturile ~ stock - solduri;
excedent de stocuri ~ value - plusvaloare
surplusage s. surplus; supraabunden
surrender 1. cedare; remitere, transfer (de
documente) 2. (dr.) cesionare 3.
rscumprare (a unei polie de asigurare)
v.t. 1. a ceda; a remite, a transfera
(documente) 1. (dr.) a cesiona 3. a
rscumpra (o poli de asigurare) ~ value
- valoare de rscumprare (a unei polie de
asigurare) surtax s. supratax v.t. a
impune o supratax survey s. 1. examen,
studiu, cercetare;
anchet; sondaj 2. expertiz 3. ridicare
topografic; releveu v.t. a examina, a
studia, a cerceta 2. a expertiza 3. a msura
(un teren); a trece n plan, a face releveul
~ certificate - certificat de inspecie
(ehberat navei dup inspecia de registru)
classification
inspecie
de
clasificare ( a registrului navat) ~
expenses - cheltuieli de expertiz ~ report
- raport de expertiz surveyor s. 1.
controlor; inspector;
expert 2. topometru, topograf; geodez ~ of
customs - inspector vamal

SUR-SWO

~ of taxes - inspector de contribuii

directe
~ of the port - (SUA) inspector vamal
deport
~ of weights and measures - controlor
de msuri i greuti
suspend v.t. 1. a sista, a ntrerupe
(livrrile, plile etc); a amna 2. a
suspenda (un funcionar)
suspense s. suspensie
~ account - (cont.) cont n tranzit (cont
de ordine inut temporar n suspensie)
~ entry - (cont.) articol de ordine
suspension s. 1. sistare, ntrerupere {a
Hvrrior) ; amnare 2. suspendare (a
unuifuncionar)
sustainable adj. durabil
~ non-inflationary growth - cretere
neinflaionist durabil
swap s. 1. schimb n natur, troc 2.
marf schimbat prin troc 3. swap,
schimb fnanciar de creane (cedarea
unor creane, deinitte de o banc, n
schimbul unui alt activ sau schimbarea
unei creane dintr-o anumit valut n
alt valut ori transformarea unei
datorii cu dobnd fix ntr-o datorie
cu dobnd variabil) v.t. a face
schimb/troc cu v. i. a face schimb/troc
swapping s. schimb n natur, troc
~ terms - raport de troc
swatch s. mostr (de material)
sweat s. 1. munc grea, corvoad 2.
(mar.) sudaie (in magaziile nave} v.t.
a exploata (mna de lucru) v.i. a munci
din greu, a trudi
~ damage - avarie produs prin sudaie
sweated adj. extenuant i prost pltit
{despre munca)
~ labour - fort de munc exploatat
sweatee s. muncitor exploatat

313

sweater s. exploatator
sweating adj. 1. extenuant i prost
pltit (despre munca) 1. exploatator
(despre un patron) s. 1. exploatare (a
muncitorilor) 2. (mar.) sudaie
~ system - exploatare patronal
sweatshop s. atelier (de fabrica) cu
condiii grele de munc {salarii mici,
program lung etc.)
sweepstake s. loterie
swindle 5'. escrocherie, neltorie;
extorcare v.t. a escroca, a nela; a
extorca (ban)

swindler s. escroc
swing 5'. 1. fluctuaie 2. plafon valoric/
descoperit (stabilit n cadrul
operaiilor de ciring) v.i. a fluctua
(despre preur)
~ credit - credit reciproc negarantat
~ producer - productorul cel mai
activ (dintr-un cartel)
~ shift - schimbul de dup-amiaz
{orele 16-24)
swingeing adj. 1. exorbitant (despre
impozite) 2. drastic, sever (despre
reduceri bugetare)
switch s. switch, operaie de arbitraj
switch (operaie de schimb ntre o
valut forte i una de cliring,
transformarea nefcndu-se prin
intermediul mrfi)
~ deal / transaction - comert
triunghiular, tranzacie switch (la
export, realizat n devize printr-o a
treia ar pentru eludarea reglementrilor valutare)', speculaie valutar
bazat pe diferena de curs
switching ^. schimbare (de itluri de
valoare prin vnzarea unora i
cumprarea altord)
swop s. troc v.t. a face schimb/troc de

314

sworn adj. 1. jurat, care a depus

jurmnt 2. oficial, autorizat
~ broker - broker oficial/autorizat
~ statement - declaraie sub prestare
dejurmnt
-- surveyor - expert oficial/autorizat
~ weighter - cantaragiu oficial/
autorizat

symbiotic adj. simbiotic

~ marketing - marketing simbiotic
(realizat prin acorduri ntre dou sau
mai multefirme)

sympathetic adj. solidar

~ strike - grev de solidaritate
syndic 5. sindic
syndical adj. sindical
syndicalism s. sindicalism
syndicate s. 1. sindicat (patronal);
consoriu, cartel; grup de bnci de investiii
(care se unesc pentru afaceri ce necesit
mari resurse financiare) 2. trust de pres;
agenie
care achiziioneaz o producie
jumalistic (articole, fotografii etc. i o
distribuie mai multor ziare concomitenf)
v.t. 1. a sindicaliza, a uni ntr-un sindicat
(patronal); a forma un grup bancar (pentru
afaceri ce necesit mari resurse financiare)
2. a vinde o producie jumalistic (articole,
foto-grafii etc. mai multor ziare concomitent)
~ agreement - acord de constituire a unui
sindicat
~ offer(ing) - ofert (de aciuni,
obligaiuni) a sindicatului

SWO-SYS

syndicated adj. sindicalizat (despre un

sindicat patronal)
~ loan - mprumut sindiclizat
~ research - studiu sindicalizat (studiu
de pia de mare amploare efectuat
independent de o frm specializat i
oferit spre vnzare)
syndicator s. membru al unui sindicat
(patronal)
synthetic adj. sintetic
~ loans - mprumuturi sintetice
(ransformarea unui mprumut cu rat
flotant ntr-unul cu rat fix prin
folosirea ratelor dobnzii la tennen)
~ position - (bur.) poziie sintetic
(obinut prin tranzacionarea opiunilor, ct i a instrumentelor car stau
la baza acestord)
~ product - produs sintetic
system s. 1. sistem 2. regim, ornduire
3. reea (feroviar, rutier, electric
etc.)

~ s and procedures - (man.)

organizare i metode (serviciu de
consultan pe lng conducerea unei
firme)

systematic adj. sistematic

~ costs - cheltuieli de fabricaie
~ risk - risc sistematic/de pia (acea
parte din riscul unui titlu de valoare
care rezult din oscilaiile pieei
bursiere i nu poate fi eliminat prin
diversificare)
systematize v.t. a sistematiza

T
table s. 1. mas 2. tabel, tabel, tabl,
tablou; list; tarif; indicator
~ licence - licen pentm vnzarea
buturilor alcoolice numai cu mncare
~ man - pontator
~ money - cheltuieli de reprezentare
~ of allowances - list de reduceri
fiscale
~ of charges / fares - list de preuri
(m transportur)
~ of interest - tabel de procente ale
dobnzilor
~ of organization - organigram
~ of rates - tarif
~ of weights and measures - tabel de
msuri i greuti
to ~ a bill - a depune un proiect de
lege (in parlament)
tabular adj. tabular, sub form de tabel
~ bookkeeping - contabilitate tabular
~ book - registru tabular
~ data - date sub form de tabel
tabularze v. tabulate
tabulate v.t. a tabula, a pune n tabel
tabulated v. tabular
tabulation s. tabulare, punere n tabel
tabulating adj. tabular
~ machine - tabulator
~ system - sistem tabular
tabulator s. tabulator
tag s. etichet {mobil'), tbli v.t. a
ataa o etichet
~ day - (SUA) zi de colect public
tagging s. etichetare, marcare
tail s. (dr.) drept de motenire limitat;
limitare a succesiunii numai la

descendenii dintr-o anumit linie/un

anumit sex adj. limitat din punctul de
vedere al motenirii ~ female - linie
succesoral femeiasc;
proprietate transmisibil numai pe linie
feminin
~ male - linie succesoral brbteasc;
proprietate transmisibil numai pe linie
masculin
take v.t. 1. a lua 2. a cumpra 3. a
nchiria, a reine (locuri) 4. a ncasa, a
ctiga 5. a lua cu mpmmut, a
mprumuta 6. (off) a scdea, a reduce
(un pret), a elimina, a terge (de pe
list) 7. (out) a obine, a scoate (un
certificat, un brevet etc.) 8. (over) a

prelua (afaceri, datorii etc.) 9. (up) a

accepta, a plti (o cambie, un bilet la
ordin) la scaden sau naintea
scadenei; a percepe (impozite)
~ -home pay - salariu net
to ~ effect - a intra n vigoare
to ~ legal advice - a consulta un
avocat

to ~ oath - a depune jurmnt

to ~ possession - a intra n posesie
to ~ the chair - a prezida
takeover s. preluare (de afaceri,
datorii etc.)

~ bid - ofert de preluare (a unei

societi fdcut acionarilor acesteid)

taker s. 1. primitor 2. antreprenor

~ of an option - (bur.) persoan care
preia o opiune

316

~ s -in - (bur.) persoane care preiau

angajamentele speculatorilor la
hausse

taking s. 1. luare, preluare 2. pl.

ncasri, sume ncasate
~ frm - preluare ferm {a aciunilor
emise)

talk s. 1. convorbire, discuie 2. pl.

negocieri, tratative
to hold ~s - a purta tratative; a avea
convorbiri
tally s. 1. pontaj, pontare (de mrfuri)
1. copie, duplicat 3. etichet (ataat la
mrfuri, bagaje etc.); talon de
identificare 4. jeton (de prezen) v.t. 1.
a ponta {mrfur) 2. a ataa o etichet /
un talon la (mrfuri, bagaje) v.i. a face
pontaj
~ clerk / keeper - pontator (de
mrfur)
~ of discharge - pontaj la descrcare
~ of loading - pontaj la ncrcare
~ sheet - fi de pontaj (la recepia
mrfurilor), borderou
~ shop - magazin care vinde n rate /
pe credit
~ system / trade - comer n rate / pe
credit
tallyman s. 1. pontator (de mrfur) 2.
comerciant care vinde n rate / pe credit
talon s. talon, cupon (de la chitan)
tamper v.i. (with) 1. a falsifica
{conturi, registre ec.) 2. a deschide, a
viola {corespondena) 3. a sustrage
(ban) 4. a corupe, a mitui {martor)
tamperer s. 1. falsificator (de conturi,
registre etc.) 2. coruptor, mituitor (de
martor)
tampering s. 1. falsificare (de conturi,
registre etc.) 2. corupere, mituire (de
martori}

TAK-TAR

~ with the market - (bur.) operaii /

speculaii de destabilizare a pieei
tangible adj. tangibil, material, real s.
pl. active tangibile
~ assets - active tangibile
~ property - bunuri materiale
tank s. rezervor, cistem, tanc
~ barge - lep-tanc
~ capacity - capacitate a rezervorului
~ car - vagon-cistem; autocistem
~ container - container-tanc
~ lorry / truck - autocistem
~ ship / vessel - tanc petrolier, nav-cistem, petrolier
~ trailer - remorc-cistern
~ waggon - vagon-cistem
tankage 5. 1. capacitate (a unei
cisteme, a unui tanc) 2. tancare 3.

cheltuieli de tancare
~ capacity - capacitate de tancare
tanker s. 1. tanc petrolier, nav-cistem, petrolier 2. vagon-cistem 3.
autocistem
~ berth - dan pentru petroliere
~ company - companie de petroliere
~ -container ship / vessel - petrolier-container
~ fleet - flot de petroliere
~ terminal - terminal pentru petroliere
~ tonnage - tonaj al petrolierului
~ trade - transport de mrfuri lichide
tare s. 1. tar, dara 2. reducere a tarei
v.t. acalculatara
~ allowance - reducere a tarei
~ and tret - regul aritmetic pentru a
calcula tara
~ assumed by the customs - tar
legal
~ weight - greutate brut, tar
tarer s. colet cu tara calculat

TAR-TAX

target s. 1. int, referin 2. norm,

plan
~ audience - audien-int (segment
de consumatori vizat de o campanie
pubicitar)
~ firm - firm - int (companie pe
care o alt firm dorete s o
achiziioneze)

~ market - pia-int
~ price - pre-int (preul jxat
periodic de CEE pentru produsele
agricole)
to smash the ~ - a sparge norma
targeting s. orientare (a resurselor
pentru sprijinirea unor sectoare
industriale prioritare)
tariff s. 1. tarif; tax vamal 2. list de
preuri / tarife v.t. 1. a tarifa, a evalua 2.
a include n tarif
~ agreement - acord tarifar
~ harmonization - armonizare a
taxelor vamale
~ level - nivel al tarifelor
~ policy - politic tarifar / vamal
~ price - pre de referin
~ quota - contingent tarifar
~ rates - taxe tarifare / vamale; preuri
tarifare
~ reform - reform a taxelor vamale;
reform protecionist; (SUA) desfiinare a taxelor vamale
~ reformer - protecionist; (SUA')
antiprotecionist
~ schedule - tabel tarifar
~ system - sistem / regim tarifar
~ union - uniune vamal
~ value - valoare n vam
~ wages - salariu tarifar
~ walls - bariere vamale
~ war - rzboi vamal
~ zone - zon vamal

317

tariffing s. tarifare
taring s. calculare a tarei
~ regulations - reguli de calculare a
tarei
task s. sarcin; datorie; lucru, lucrare,
munc v.t. a da de Jucru, a pune la
munc; a fixa o sarcin / munc
~ bonus - (sistem de) prime n raport
cu ndeplinirea normei
~ system of pay - sistem de salarizare
pentru munca n acord
~ wages - salariu n acord
~ work - munc n acord
~ worker - muncitor n acord
taskmaster s. 1. distribuitor de sarcini;
conductor, ef2. normator; pontator
tax s. tax, impozit, contribuie v.t. 1. a
taxa, a impozita, a impune (fiscal) 2.
(dr.) a stabili (cuantumul daunelor, al
amenzii etc.)

~ administration - administraie /
secie fnanciar

~ assessment - fixare a unui impozit;

baz de calcul a impozitului
~ avoidance - evitare a impozitelor,
facilitare fiscal (practic legal prin
care se urmrete diminuarea
impozitelor pltite)
~ base - baz de calcul a impozitului
~ bearer - contribuabil
~ break - faciliti de plat a
impozitelor
~ burden - sarcini fiscale
~ collection - colectare a impozitelor
~ collector / gatherer - agent fiscal
~ consultant - consilier fiscal
~ deduction card - camet de plat /
reinere a impozitului (pe salariu)
~ deposit certifcate - certificat de
depozit pentru impunere (folosit pentru

TAX-TEA

318

plata impozitelor, certificatul oferind

dobnda)

~ disc / token - tax auto / de dmmuri

~ dodger - evazionist fiscal
~ efficiency - efcien / operativitate a
investiiei (astfel nct impozitul pe
profitul obinut sfie ct mai mic)
~ equalisation - egalizare fiscal
~ evasion - evaziune fiscal
~ -exempt / -free - scutit de impozite;
neimpozabil
~ exemption - scutire de impozite
~ exile - exilat din motive fiscale
(persoan care se expatriaz din cauza
regimului fiscat)

~ form - formular de impunere

~ franchise - imunitate fiscal
~ haven - paradis fiscal (ar care
ofer reducer importante de impozite)

~ holiday - perioad de scutire de

impozite
~ impact / incidence - impact /
inciden a(l) impozitului (care poate
afecta unprodus depepia)
~ inspector - inspector financiar
~ levy - percepere de impozite
~ liabilities - obligaii fiscale
~ lien - drept de retenie pentru plata
impozitelor
~ loss - pierdere deliberat /
intenionat (pentru a evita plata
impozitului pe profit)

~ point - punct / moment de impunere

(cnd trebue achitat TVA)
~ proceeds / receipts - ncasri fiscale/
din impozite
~ rate - impozit; procent al impunerii
~ reduction / relief - reducere a
impozitelor
~ reform - reform fiscal
~ refund - restituire a impozitului

~ return - declaraie de impunere

~ revenue - venit fiscal, ncasri din
impozite
~ es and dues - impozite i taxe
~ sale - vnzare (silit) pentru neplata
impozitelor
~ schedules - categorii de impozite
~ shelter/shield - scutire de taxe
- stamp - timbru fiscal
~ surcharge - supraimpunere fiscal
~ system - sistem fiscal
~ year - exerciiu fiscal / financiar
taxability s. impozabilitate, caracter
impozabil
taxable adj. impozabil s. pl. 1. contribuabili 2. venituri sau proprieti
impozabile
~ article - articol impozabil; obiect al
impunerii
~ base - baz a impunerii
~ horsepower - putere fiscal (la
autovehicule)

~ income - venit impozabil

~ quota - cot impozabil
~ surplus - surplus / excedent
impozabil
~ value - valoare impozabil
~ year - exerciiu financiar
taxation s. 1. impunere (fiscal), impozitare 2. impozit, sum impus
~ authorities - administraie / secie
financiar
taxpayer s. contribuabil
~ identification number - (SUA)
numr de identificare al contribuabilului
team s. grup, echip
teamster s. (SUA) ofer de autocamion
teamwork s. munc m echip/colectiv

TEC-TEM

technical adj. tehnic s. pl. 1.

terminologie tehnic 2. detalii /
amnunte tehnice
~ adviser - consilier tehnic
~ assistance - asisten tehnic
~ conditions - condiii tehnice
~ control - control tehnic
~ crops - culturi tehnice
~ design - proiect tehnic
~ education - nvmnt profesional;
calificare profesional
~ inspection / revision / supervision revizie tehnic
~ office - birou de proiectare
~ orders / specifications - prescripii /
specificaii tehnice
~ personnel - personal tehnic
~ position - {bur.) poziie tehnic
(referitor la situaia pe pia a unor
aciuni)

~ regulations - (cow.) regulamente

tehnice- (care stipuleaz caracteristicile
produselor sau a proceselor de
fabricaie, regulile de ambalare i
etichetare, prevederile administrative
ce trebuie aplicate, terminologia i
abrevierile standard etc.)
technicality s. 1. tehnicitate 2. pl.
detalii / amnunte tehnice 3. pl. termeni
tehnici, terminologie de specialitate
technician s. tehnician
technics s. pl. 1. tehnic, tehnologie,
metode / procedee tehnice 2. tehnic,
tiine tehnice
technique s. tehnic, tehnologie,
metode / procedee tehnice
technocracy s. tehnocraie
technocrat s. tehnocrat
technological adj. tehnologic; tehnic
~ gsp - decalaj tehnologic
~ obsolescence - nvechire tehnologic

319

~ restraint - restricie tehnologic

~ unemployment - oniaj tehnic
technologist s. tehnolog
technology s. 1. tehnologie 2. tehnic,
tiine tehnice / aplicate
~ transfer - transfer de tehnologie
telecommunication s. telecomunicaii
telegram s. telegram
~ form - formular de telegram
telegraph s. telegraf
~ money order - mandat telegrafic
telegraphic adj. telegrafic
~ address - adres telegrafic
~ money order - mandat telegrafic
~ transfer - mandat telegrafic; transfer
telegrafic (al unei sume)
telephone ^. telefon v.t., v.i. a telefona
~ book / directory - carte de telefon
~ exchange - central telefonic
~ interviewing - intervievare prin
telefon (intr-o anchet sociologic)
~ line - linie telefonic
~ selling - (sistem de) vnzri prin
telefon
~ service - serviciu telefonic
telex s. telex
teller s. casier (/a banca)
temporary adj. temporar, provizoriu s.
salariat temporar
~ admission - admitere temporar (a
mrfurilor de import cu scutire de taxe
vamale)
~ committee - comitet provizoriu
~ current assets - active curente
temporare {active circulante cu
fluctuaii sezoniere sau ciclice)
~ exports - exporturi provizorii (de
mrfuri folosite ca mostre la expoziii,
fr plata taxelor vamale, ulterior
reimportate)

320

~ incapacity - incapacitate temporar

(de munc)
~ money - bani provizorii (cambii i
bonuri de tezaur)
~ (nominal) accounts - (cont.) conturi
temporare {nominale)
tenancy s. 1. ocupare temporar (cu
chirie sau arend'); nchiriere; arendare
2. proprietate ocupat temporar {cu
chirie sau arenda) 3. termen pe care se
nchiriaz sau se arendeaz o
proprietate 4. calitate de chiria sau
arenda
~ in common - ocupare n comun
tenant s. chiria; arenda; locatar
temporar v.t. a nchiria, a lua cu chirie;
a arenda, a lua cu arend
~ at sufferance - chiria sau arenda
abuziv (care continu s ocupe o proprietate dup expirarea contractului
fr acordul proprietarului)
~ at will - chiria sau arenda fr
contract
~ farmer - agricultor care lucreaz n
parte, muncitor agricol
~ for life - chiria sau arenda pe via
~ for years - chiria sau arenda cu
contract (valabil un amimit numr de
an)

~ from year to year - chiria sau

arenda cu contract valabil un an
~ right - drept de a lucra pmntul n
parte (la expirarea contractului)
tenantable adj. 1. gata de a fi nchiriat
sau arendat 2. locuibil
tenantless adj. de nchiriat, liber,
nelocuit
tenantry s. chiriai, locatari; arendai
tend v. i. a tinde, a avea tendina de
to ~ downwards - a tinde s scad
(despre preur)

TEM-TEN

to ~ upwards - a tinde s creasc

(despre preur)
tendency s. tendin (a pieei)
tender s. 1. ofert, licitaie (pentru
furnizarea de mrfuri, servicii); ofert

(pentru cumprarea de aciun) 1. (dr.)

sum depus, depozit (pentru plaa
unei datori); mijloace de plat v.t. 1. a
oferi, a licita (pentru furniwrea de
mrfuri, servici} 2. a prezenta, a
nmna (o cerere)
~ clause - clauza ofertei
~ guarantee - garantie (cerut exportatorilor)
~ of delivery - ofert de livrare
~ of payment - ofert de plat
~ offer - ofert de cumprare (de
aciun)
~ sum - valoare contractual
tenderer s. 1. (com.) ofertant 2. (dr.)
sumisionar, persoan care se angajeaz
n scris s respecte clauzele fixate
tenement s. 1. proprietate (locativ,
funciara} nchiriat saii arendat 2.
cas de raport; apartament m locuin
ieftin / cas de raport 3. {dr.)
privilegiu permanent; posesiune
permanent
~ district - cartier de locuine ieftine
~ house - cas de raport
tenemental adj. care se poate nchiria;
arendabil
tenementary v. tenemental
tenor s. 1. coninut, cuprins (al unui
document) 2. copie, duplicat 3.
perioad de maturitate (a unei cambi)
tenure s. 1. (dr.) posesiune, drept de
posesiune 2. ocupare, exercitare (a unei
funcii) 3. termen de posesiune (al unui
bun); durat a deinerii / exercitrii
(unei funcii}

TER

term s. 1. termen, perioad, durat 2.

termen, dat (imit), scaden 3. trimestru
4. sesiune judectoreasc 5. pl. condiii,
clauze (contractuale) 6. pl. pre(uri),
condiii materiale 7. pl. nelegere, acord;
tranzacie 8. cuvnt, termen; pl. denumire,
nume v.t. a numi, a denumi
~ day - zi de plat (trimestrial) ~ deposit depozit la termen ~ loan - mprumut la
termen ~ of acceptance - condiie (a
trasului) pentru acceptarea cambiei ~ of
guarantee - termen de garanie ~ policy poli de asigurare de via pe termen
~ structure of interest rates -structura
ratelor dobnzii n funcie de scaden
(raportul
dintre
randamentele
i
maturitfile titlurilor de valoare) ~ s of an
issue - (fin.) condiii ale unei emisiuni
~ s of trade - raport de schimb (raportul
dintre indicele preului mediu de export i
indicele mediu de import, pe ntreaga
activitate de comer exterior)
~ s to trade - condiii de livrare {reduceri
de preuri acordate de angrosist
detailitilor) to come to ~s - a conveni
asupra condiiilor
to make ~s - a pune condiii terminable
adj. 1. limitat n timp 2. reziliabil (despre
un contract) ~ annuity - (asig.) anuitate
pltit pentru o perioad limitat de timp .
terminal adj. 1. terminal, final 2. referitor
la un punct terminus (al unei linii ferate} s.
1. punct final / terminal 2. pl. (c.f.)
cheltuieli de manipulare (in

321

staia terminus) 3. staie/gar terminus;

(5t/A) cap de linie; terminal
~ charges / costs - (c.f.) cheltuieli de
manipulare (in staia terminus)
~ contract - contract pentru tranzactii
la termen
~ job - activitate far perspectiv
~ loss - pierdere pe ultimul an
(reportul plii impozitelor datorate
pentru ultimul an, practica de fisc
pentru o societate falimentar, prin
raportarea la profitul obinut pe unul
din ultimii trei ani)

~ market - pia la termen (la bursa de

mrfur)

~ port - port terminus

~ price - pre/curs pentru tranzacii la
termen
~ products - produse finite
~ receipt - (c.f.) chitan de plat
pentru manipulare sau depozitare n
staia terminus
~ station - staie terminus
~ value - (/m.) valoare flnal (valoarea
rmas a unuiproiect de capitat)
~ wages - indenmizaie de concediere
terminate v.t. 1. a limita 2. a pune
capt {unui angajament); a rezilia (un
contract); a suspenda {un acord); a
stinge (o obigaie) v.i. a se termina, a
se ncheia
termination s. 1. limit, capt, sfrit
2. ntrerupere (a unui angajament);
reziliere (a unui contract); suspendare (a
unui acord); stingere (a unei obligai) 3.
terminare, ncheiere 4. mecanism /
instalaie terminal() terminus s. staie /
gar terminus; cap de linie
termless adj. 1. nelimitat (m timp), far
termen final, far dat fix (de

322

ncheiere) 1. necondiionat, fr
condiii
termor s. (dr.) deintor al dreptului de
posesiune pe via sau pe termen
territorial adj. 1. teritorial 2. funciar;
cadastral
~ waters - ape teritoriale
territory s. teritoriu; regiune
tertiary adj. teriar
industry
industria
teriar/
serviciilor
~ production - producie tertiar, servicii
test s. test, prob; control, verificare;
analiz v.t. a testa, a proba; a controla,
a verifica; a analiza
~ car - automobil de prob
~ certificate - certificat de prob (a
produselor)
~ market - pia de desfacere de prob
~ marketing - test de pia,
comercializare experimental (pe o
pia restrns')
~ procedure - metod de ncercare
~ weight - greutate-etalon
testament s. testament
testamental v. testamentary
testamentary adj. testamentar
~ capacity - capacitate testamentar
~ trust - (dr.) tutel testamentar
testate adj. testat, lsat prin testament
s. testator
~ succession - (dr.) succesiune testat
to die ~ - a muri lsnd testament
testator s. testator
testatrix s. testatoare
testimonial s. 1. atestat, dovad,
certificat 2. scrisoare de recomandare
adj. doveditor, care atest
testimony s. 1. depoziie (scris) 2.
atestat, dovad, certificat

TER-THI

textile adj. textil s. pl. 1. materiale

textile 2. (bur.) aciuni ale societilor
care produc sau comercializeaz
materiale textile
~ goods - produse textile
~ industry - industria textil
~ plant - plant textil
theft s. furt
~ and pilferage - (asig.) furturi i
furtiaguri
~ insurance - asigurare mpotriva
furtului
~ risk - risc de furt
thin adj. slab, restrns
~ market - (bur.) pia restrns (cu
puine tranzaci)
third adj. (al) treilea s. 1. treime 2.
(dr.) tert, tert persoan 3. pl. mrfuri
de calitatea a treia
~ best - de calitatea a treia, de proast
calitate
~ -class - de clasa / categoria a treia
(despre vagon, hotel, cambie etc.)', de
calitatea a treia (despre mrfuri}
~ -hand - la mna a treia
~ -line forcing - vnzare forat a unui
produs greu vandabil (impreun cu
unul solicitaf)

~ market - (SUA) (bur.) piaa teriar

(pe care aciunile cotate sunt tranzacionate direct ntre broker i client)
~ of exchange - al treilea exemplar al
cambiei
~ party / person - tert, tert persoan
~ -party insurance - asigurare contra
prejudiciilor aduse unui ter; asigurare
de rspundere civil
~ -party risk - risc de prejudiciu adus
unui ter
~ -rate - de calitatea a treia, de calitate
inferioar

THI-TIE

Third World - Lumea a Treia (trile

subdezvoltate)
threat s. ameninare; pericol ~ of entry pericol de intrare pe pia (risc pe care i-l
asum o frm cnd ptrunde pe o pia
noua) threshold s. limit
~ agreement - acord de indexri salariale
(prevzut ntr-un contract de munc pentru
situaia n care preurile cu amnuntul
depesc un anumit nivel)
~ effect - efect de prag (punctul n care un
mesaj publicitar devine eficient) ~ price pre-limit/-prag (pre minim) thrift
s.
economie, chibzuial, prevedere
~ account - (5't/A) cont de economii ~ box
- puculi ~ plan - plan de economii
thriftless
adj.
risipitor,
cheltuitor
thriftlessness s. risip, cheltuial thrifty
adj. 1. econom, chibzuit, prevztor 2.
bine administrat / gospodrit
thrive v.i. a prospera; a face avere, a se
mbogi
thrivingness s. prosperitate throng s.
multime; aglomeraie v.i. a se mbulzi, a se
ngrmdi ~ hours - ore de vrf ~ season sezon plin
through prep. prin; prin intermediul adj.
direct (despre tren, bilet, rut etc.) ~ bill of
lading - (mar.) conosament direct
~ freight - (mar.) navlu direct ~ rate condiii de plat pentru transport direct
~ ticket - bilet de tren direct ~
traffic - tranzit

323

throughput s. 1. materii prime /

materiale introduse n procesul de
fabricaie, materiale prelucrate 2.
putere de trecere / tranzit (a unui
calculator)
~ capacity - randament, capacitate de
producie
throwaway s. 1. flutura, anun (care
se distribuie n magazine, pe strad
etc.) 2. produs care se arunc dup
ntrebuinare adj. de folosin imediat,
care se arunc dup ntrebuinare
(depre un produs)
ticket s. 1. bilet (de intrare, ctorie)
2. bon, tichet 3. bilet de loterie, loz 4.
etichet (cu preul) 5. legitimaie de
comisionar autorizat 6. adeverin,
dovad; recipis 7. ofert m plic nchis
(la licitaie) v.t. 1. (i ~ up) a eticheta
(o marf), a marca (preul) 2. a depune
(o ofert) n plic nchis (la lictaie}
~ agency / offce - agenie / cas de
bilete
~ clerk / collector - (c./) controlor de
bilete, conductor
~ day - (bur.) ajun al lichidrii, ziua
declarrii numelor (cumprtorilor')
~ inspector - controlor de bilete (in
autobuz)
~ nipper - compostor de bilete
~ tout - speculant de bilete (la cinema,
competiii sportive)

~ window - (c.f.) ghieu / cas de

bilete
ticketing s. 1. etichetare (a mrfurilor),
marcare (a preurilor) 2. ofert nchis
(la licitaie)

tie s. legtur v.t. 1. a lega 2. (up) a

depune, a consemna (ban); a investi, a
imobiliza (capital); a lega de anumite
condiii (contractuale)

324

~ -in - (SUA) anun publicitar (al unui

detailist publicat alturi de anunul
fabricantului respectiv); vnzare
condiionat (a unui articol solicitat
mpreun cu alte produse greu
vandabile); articol far cutare (impus
consumatorului}
~ -in contract - contract cu clauze
restrictive
~ -in sale - vnzare condiionat (de
cumprarea altui produs)
~ -up - uniune, asociere (de firme);
stagnare"(a afacerilor)
tied adj. legat
~ loan - mprumut condiionat / cu
clauze restrictive
~ shop - magazin obligat (prin
contract) s se aprovizioneze de la un
anumit fumizor
tier s. ir, rnd, stiv (de marfa) v.t. a
aranja n ir / stiv
tight adj. 1. etan, ermetic 2. strns;
compact 3. srac, deficitar (despre
pia); n stare critic / de penurie, n
criz de bani (despre piaa financiar)
~ bargain - tranzactie strns / cu
marj redus de ctig
~ loading - ncrcare compact (jar
spaii libere)

~ money - bani scumpi (acordai cu

dobnv, foarte mari)

~ -money policy - politic de restrictii

monetare
~ -packed goods - mrfuri ambalate
strns
~ stowage - stivuire compact
tighten v.t. (i ~ up) a ntri, a nspri
(restriciile); a restrnge (creditele)
tightness s. 1. etaneitate 2. densitate
(a stivuiri) 3. lips (defondur)

TIE-TIM

till s. sertar de bani, cas (n magazine,

oficii potale)
~ book - registru de cas
~ money - ncasri, bani n cas
tillable adj. arabil, cultivabil
~ land / soil - teren de cultur, sol
arabil
tillage s. 1. artur, pmnt arat 2.
cultivare a pmntului, cultur
~ implements - unelte agricole
~ land - teren cultivat
timber 5'. cherestea, material lemnos,
lemn (de construcie}
~ assortment - sortiment de cherestea
~ carriage - remorc de transportat
buteni lungi
~ carrier / ship / vessel - nav pentru
transportul de cherestea
~ claim - concesiune forestier
~ deck cargo - caric/ncrctur de
cherestea pe punte
~ dock - doc pentru cherestea
~ forest - pdure de arbori nali
~ freeboard - (mar.) bord liber pentru
caric/ncrctur de cherestea
~ industry - industria forestier
~ land - teren forestier
~ line - limit climateric a pdurilor
(cu arbori pentru cherestea)
~ merchant - negustor de cherestea,
cherestegiu
~ mill - fabric de cherestea
~ trade - comert de cherestea,
cheresteregie
tree/wood
arbore/lemn
de
construcie
~ truck - autocamion de transportat
buteni lungi
~ waggon - vagon-platform de transportat
buteni lungi ~ yard - fabric i depozit de
cherestea

TIM-TIN

timbered adj. 1. de cherestea / lemn,

lemnos 2. pduros, mpdurit
timbering s. 1. mpdurire; bogie de
pduri 2. lemnrie, cherestea, lemn de
constructie
timberwork s. construcie de lemn;
lemnrie (a unei construci)
time s. 1. timp; interval de timp,
perioad 2. termen 3. or, timp v.t. 1. a
fixa, a stabili (momentul); a fixa data 2.
a fixa, a acorda (un termen)
~ and motion study - studiu de timp i
micare (sistem de msurare a vitezei i
a eficienei cu care lucreaz un
muncitor)

~ bargain - (bur.) tranzacie la termen

~ bill - cambie la termen
~ card/sheet/ticket - foaie de prezen; fi de pontaj
~ charter - (mar.) contract de
navlosire pe termen
~ clerk - pontator (de prezen);
cronometror (funcionar nsrcinut cu
cronometrarea operaiilor industriale)
~ cost - cost pe unitatea de timp
~ deposit - depozit la termen
~ discount - reducere pentru achitare
nainte de termen (a unei daori)
~ draft - trat la termen
~ freight - (c.f.) ncrctur / transport/
fraht de mare vitez; (mar.) navlu pe
timp
~ insurance - asigurare la termen
~ lag - ntrziere, decalaj
~ limit - limit de timp; termen,
scaden
~ line - (fin.) ax temporal
{instrument de analiz monetar prin
care se abordeaz evenimentele dintr-o
anumit conjunctur financiara}

~ loan - mprumut la termen

325

management
managementul
timpului (individual)
~ -of-day tariff - tarif n afara orelor de
vrf (despre consumul de gaze, curent etc.)
~ of delivery - termen de livrare ~ order (bur.) ordin de vnzare sau cumprare la
termen ~ payment - (SUA) plat n rate ~
penalty clause - clauza penalizrilor pentru
ntrziere
~ policy - (asig. mar.) poli de asigurare
pe termen ~ purchase - cumprare la
termen ~ rate - salariu calculat pe durata
muncii prestate ~ sale - vnzare la termen ~
-saving bonus - prim pentru economisirea
timpului de munc ~ -series analysis analiza seriilor cronologice (pentru
elaborarea previ-ziunilor comerciale)
~ sharing - time sharing, mprire a
timpului
de
folosire
(nchiriere
simultan de aparate i utilaje mai multor
clieni n timp partajat) ~ standard norm de timp ~ study - studiere a timpului
de munc ~ zone - fus orar ~ wages salariu pe unitatea de timp;
plata cu ora sau cu ziua
~ yield - randament raportat la timp
timetable s. 1. orar, program 2. mersul
trenurilor
timework s. munc pltit cu ora sau
cu ziua
timing s. (bur.) timing, coordonare n
timp (alegere a momentului cnd
trebuie operat o tranzacfie)
tin s. cutie (de conserve etc.) v.t. a
conserva (in cutii}, a face conserve de

326

tinned adj. conservat (in cutii de

conserve)
~ foods / goods - conserve
tip s. 1. baci, ciubuc; mic cadou
bnesc 2. pont, informaie confidenial
(la burs, cursele de cai etc.) v.t. 1. a
da baci; a face cadou o sum mic de
bani 2. a vinde un pont, a informa
discret (la burs, cursele de cai etc.)
title s. 1. titlu (al unei cri) 2. titlu
(onorific, nobiliar) 3. (dr.) titlu, drept,
calitate; act / document doveditor (al
unui drept/unei calit) 4. titlu, titru
(al unui aliaj) v.t. a intitula, a numi
~ deed - act / titlu de proprietate
~ page - pagin de titlu
~ policy - poli de asigurare a titlului
de proprietate (realizat de cumprtorul unui bun imobiliar mpotriva unei
eventuale contestri n justiie, cnd
vnztorul nu poate dovedi temeinic
titlul de proprietate)
~ to property - titlu de proprietate
tobacco s. 1. tutun 2. pl. (bur.) aciuni
ale companiilor din domeniul afacerilor
cu tutun
token s. 1. semn, simbol, indiciu 2.
jeton (care ine loc de moned) adj.
simbolic
~ coin / money - moned divizionar/
de bilon
~ payment - plat simbolic (a unei
mici pri dintr-o datorie pentru a
demonstra c debitorul recunoate i
se angajeaz s-i plteasc datoriile)
~ strike - grev de avertisment
toll ^. 1. tax (rutier); impozit
(perceput n piee, trguri etc.); tax
pentm convorbire interurban 2. uium
(la moara) v.t. 1. a percepe taxe /

TIN-TON

impozite 2. a-i lua uiumul {despre

morar)
~ bar/gate - barier unde se ncaseaz
taxe de trecere (pe osele, poduri etc.)
call
convorbire
telefonic
interurban
~ collector / keeper - taxator (pentru
drumuri, poduri etc.)
~ exchange - central telefonic
interurban
~ road - osea cu tax ~ traverse - tax
pentru trecerea unei proprieti particulare
tollable adj. impozabil, supus la taxe /
impozite
tollage s. taxare; impozitare tommy s.
alimente date muncitorilor ca plat, plat m
alimente ~ shop - magazin alimentar m
fabric ~ system - sistem de plat n
alimente ton s. ton
~ -kilometre - ton - kilometru ~ mile - ton-mil
~s burden - (mar.) tone de capacitate
tonnage s. (mar.) 1. tonaj; capacitate de
ncrcare 2. taxe (infuncie de tonaj) ~
books - documente cu preuri de navlu
~ certificate - certificat de tonaj ~
coeffcient - coeficient de tonaj ~
deck - punte de tonaj ~ dues - taxe de
tonaj
~ hatch/opening - deschidere de tonaj (in
puntea de tonaj)
~ law - reguli de msurare a tonajului ~
mark - marc de tonaj ~ offer - ofert de
tonaj ~ plan - plan al capacitii de
ncrcare ~ regulations - reguli de
calculare a tonajului

TON-TOU

~ scale - scal de tonaj / a capacitii

de ncrcare
~ schedule - tarif al taxelor de tonaj
~ under deck - tonaj sub punte
tonne s. ton metric
tontine s. tontin
tool s. unealt, scul; instmment v.t. a
lucra cu o unealt / scul; a prelucra, a
uzina
~ engineering - sculrie, uzinaj; fabricare a sculelor
~ house / room / shop - sculrie
(atelier)

~ kit / outfit / set - trus / set de scule

toolmaker s. lctu, sculer
toolman v. toolmaker
tot s. sum; adunare v.t. (i ~ up) a
aduna v.i. a nsuma, a totaliza
total adj. total; global s. total, sum;
ntreg v.t. 1. a aduna, a totaliza 2. a
nsuma, a fi egal cu
~ account - (cont.) cont de control /
rectificare
~ amount - sum total / global
~ assets turnover - rotaia activului
total (raportu dintre vnzri i activul
total)

~ capital - capital global

-carrying costs - cost total de deinere
(costurile meninerii unor stocur)
~ cost - pre de cost total
~ displacement - (mar.) deplasament
bmt / total
~ expenses - sum total a cheltuielilor
~ exports - export global, total al
exporturilor
~ imports - import global, total al
importurilor
~ inventory costs - costul total al
stocurilor (raportul dintre cosul total
de deinere i costul total de comand)

327

~ investment - investiie total /

iniial (pentru pomirea unei afacer)
~ liabilities - total al pasivului
~ loss - (asig.) pierdere total
~ loss only - (asig.) numai pierderea
total
~ ordering costs - cost total de
comand (costul lansrii unei comenzi)
~ output - producie total / global
~ quality management - managementul calitii totale
~ receipts - ncasri totale
~ risk - (fin.) risc total (abaterea
standard a unui titlu de valoare)

~ tonnage - tonaj global

~ turnover - cifr de afaceri total /
global
~ weight - greutate total
totality s. totalitate; sum sau cantitate
total / ntreag
totalizev.f. atotaliza
totting s. 1. adunare, socoteal; totalizare, adiiune; total; sum; punere la
socoteal (a unor defece) 2. adunare a
materialelor recuperabile / refolosibile
(din deeur)
touched adj. cu meniune
~ bill of health - (mar.) patent/
certificat de sntate cu meniune
touchstone s. piatr pentru ncercat
titrul aliajelor de metale preioase
tour s. cltorie, voiaj, excursie, tur 2.
rond, tur; tur (la serviciu) v.i. a
cltori, a voiaja
tourer s. 1. turist automobilist 2.
autoturism
touring s. turism; cltorii adj. turistic
~ car - autoturism
~ club - club / asociaie turistic
tourism^. turism
tourist s. turist

328

~ agency - agenie / oficiu de turism

~ centre - centru turistic
~ class - clasa turistic / a doua
(ntr-un avion, o nav)
~ itinerary - itinerar turistic
- passport - paaport turistic
~ ticket - bilet de excursie / n circuit
~ trade turism; industria turistic
~ traffic - trafic turistic
~ visa - viz turistic
tout s. agent de reclam, comis-voiajor
town s. ora
~ council - consiliu orenesc /
municipal
~ councillor - consilier municipal
~ hall - primrie
~ management - gospodrie comunal; urbanism, urbanistic
~ planner - urbanist
~ planning - urbanism, urbanistic;
sistematizare
trade s. 1. comert; afacere, tranzacie
comercial
2.
ocupaie,
meserie,
ndeletnicire
manual
3.
(niar.)
cltorie cu destinatie precis;
rut/curs regulat; trafic comercial adj.'
comercial; economic v.t. 1. a negocia 2.
(down) a face un schimb dezavantajos de
3. (in) a cumpra un produs nou
{automobil, frigider etc. prin restituirea
celui vechi firmei care l-a produs i
achitarea unei diferene de pre) 4. (for,
off) a face troc cu / schimb de; a negocia /
a vinde n compensaie / contrapartid 5.
(up) a face un schimb avantajos de v.i. 1.
(down) (bur.) a scdea (despre curs) 2. (in)
a face comert (de, cu) 3. (on, upon) a
exploata, a profita (de pe urmd) 4. (up)
(bur.) a crete, a urca (despre curs) 5.
(with) a face comert /

TOU-TRA

afaceri (CM) 6. a transporta mrfuri

(despre navele comerciale)
~ acceptance / bill / paper - cambie
comercial
~ agency - agenie comercial
~ agreement - acord comercial
~ allowance - rabat
~ association - asociaie patronal
~ balance - balan comercial
~ bank - banc comercial
~ barrier - barier vamal
~ boom - perioad de dezvoltare
economic
~ catalogue/directory - catalog /
anuar comercial
~ combination - cartel
~ credit - credit comercial
~ custom / usage - uzan comercial
~ cycle - ciclu economic
- deficit / gap - deficit al balanei
comerciale
~ description - descriere comercial (a
mrfurilor oferite spre vnzare)
~ discount - rabat comercial
discrimination discriminare
comercial
~ disease - boal profesional ~ disputes conflicte de munc ~ fair show - expoziie
comercial, trg de mostre
~ fluctuations - fluctuaii economice ~ -in
- cumprare a unui produs nou (automobil,
frigider etc. prin restitu-irea celui vechi
finnei care l-a produs i achitarea unei
diferene depre) ~ investment - investiie
comercial (investiia unei firme n
aciunile unei companii din acelai sector
de activi-tate cu cel al investitorului) ~
journal / paper - revist / publicatie
economic

TRA

~ mission - delegaie economic

~ name - denumire a firmei; marc
nregistrat (a imui produs)
~ policy - politic comercial
~ price - pre cu ridicata
~ protection society - societate /
agenie specializat n recuperarea
datoriilor

~ recovery - redresare economic

~ references - referine comerciale
~ register - registrul comertului
~ relations - relaii/legturi comerciale
~ representation - reprezentan
comercial
~ representative - reprezentant comercial
~ restrictions - restricii comerciale
~ route - rut comercial
~ sale - vnzare ctre un intermediar,
intermediere
~ sanctions - sanciuni economice
~ school - coal profesional sau
comercial; liceu industrial
~ secret - secret comercial / industrial
~ sign - firm (comercial)
surplus
balan
comercial
excedentar/activ
~ terms - condiii de livrare (rediiceri de
preuri acordate de angrosist
comercianilor cu ammintul); terminologie/nomenclator comercial() ~ town ora comercial ~ treaty - tratat comercial ~
union - sindicat (munciloresc) ~ union
contributions - cotizaii sindicale
~ unionism - micare sindical,
sindicalism
~ unionist - membru de sindicat,
sindicalist ~ winds - vnturi alizee

329

trad(e)able adj. tranzacionabil,

negociabil
~ instruments - (fin.) instrumente
negociabile
trademark s. marc nregistrat / a
fabricii

tradeoff s. compromis (realizat n

cadrul negocierilor)

trader s. 1. comerciant; angrosist 2.

om de afaceri 3. (bur.) trader, operator
pe cont propriu 4. (mar.) nav
comercial / de transport (care face
curse regulatepe aceeai ruta)

tradesman s. 1. mic comerciant 2.

fumizor 3. meseria, meteugar
tradespeople s. 1. comerciani,
negustorime 2. fumizori
trading s. comert, activitate comercial; trafic comercial adj. comercial
~ account - (cont.) cont de calculare a
profitului brut
~ association - sindicat patronal
~ bank - banc comercial
~ capital - capital comercial (yaloarea
combinat a activelor fixe i curente
ale uneifimie)

~ currency - valut forte / comercial

(folosit n schimburile comerciale
internaionale)
~ down - vnzare de titluri de valoare
(dintr-un portofoliu) i nlocuirea lor cu
altele de clas inferioar; vnzare de
mrfuri ieftine i de calitate inferioar
(pentru a asigura volumul de vnzr)

~ estate - zon comercial/industrial;

parc / complex comercial
~ fleet - flot comercial
~ house - cas de comert; magazin
universal; antrepozit
~ partnership - societate comercial
~ port - port comercial

330

~ post - punct comercial

~ profit - profit brut
~ stamp - (com.) cupon / tichet (de
reducere) oferit clientului de detailist
~ stock - stoc de mrfuri, mrfuri
disponibile
~ up - vnzare de articole ieftine
pentru introducerea lor ntr-o linie de
produse scumpe
~ warranties clause - (asig. mar.)
clauza limitrii zonelor de navigaie
traffc s. 1. circulaie, trafic 2. comer,
trafic comercial; navigaie comercial
3. trafic / comer ilegal v.i. 1. (in) a
face comert (de, cu) 1. (with) a face
comert / afaceri (cu) 3. a transporta
mrfuri (despre navele comerciale)
~ and accident loss - (asig.) daune
cauzate de circulaie i accidente
~ capacity - capacitate de circulaie
~ in transit - tranzit(are)
~ orders - (.c.f.) scrisoare de trsur
~ pool - cartel de companii de
navigaie
~ rates - tarif de transport
trafficker s. 1. comerciant, negustor 2.
traficant
trailer s. trailer
train s. tren, gamitur v.t., v.i. a (se)
pregti, a (se) forma, a (se) instrui
~ diagram - grafic al trenurilor
~ ferry - feribot
~ mile - mil - tren
trained adj. pregtit, instruit; calificat
-staff - personal calificat
training s. pregtire, formare, instmire;
calificare adj. referitor la pregtire /
formare / calificare
~ allowance - indemnizatie de formare (fn
meserie)

TRA

~ group - grup (de salariai) pentru

pregtire / instruire profesional
~ school - coal profesional
~ within industry - pregtire /
instmire n cadrul ntreprinderii
tramp . (mar.) nav-tramp, nav
comercial (afretat) pentru curse
neregulate
~ freight - navlu-tramp
~ liner - nav-tramp i de linie
~ navigation - navigaie-tramp (pe
itinerarii neregulate)

~ owner - proprietar de nav-tramp

~ rate - pre al navlului-tramp
~ shipping - transport cu nave-tramp
~ tonnage - tonaj al navelor-tramp
tramping s. (mar.) tramping, transport
cu nave-tramp
tranche s. tran (a unui mprumut)
transact v.t. a negocia, a trata (o
afacere) v.i. a face afaceri / tranzacii
transaction s. 1. tranzacie; afacere;
operaie comercial 2. conducere a
afacerilor, gestiune
~ analysis - (cont.) analiza tranzaciei
~ balance - sold de numerar pentru
tranzacii
~ cost - cost de tranzacie (axele
percepute de broker)

~ demand - cerere curent

~ loans - mprumuturi pentm tranzacii
(pentru acoperirea necesarului de fond
de rulmenf)

~ risk - risc de tranzacie (riscul

valutar datorat diferenelor de curs n
tranzaciile comerciale internaionale)

~s tax - impozit pe circulaia

mrfurilor (perceput n fiecare etap a
procesului de distribufie)
~ s velocity - vitez de rotaie a banilor
transatlantic adj. transatlantic

TRA

~ line - linie transatlantic

~ liner - transatlantic, nav de linie
transatlantic
transcontainer s. transcontainer
transfer s. 1. transfer, mutare;
transbordare 2. (dr.) transmitere,
remitere, cedare {a unei proprieti, a
unui drept etc.) 3. virament v.t. 1. a
transfera, a muta; a transborda 2. (dr.) a
transmite, a remite, a ceda (o
proprietae, un drept etc.) 3. a vira (o
sum de bani)

~ account - cont de virament

~ agent - (SUA) agent de transfer (care
nregistreaz transferul titlurilor de
valoare)

~ bank - banc de virament

~ certificate - certificat de transfer (de
aciuni)
~ cheque - cec n virament
~ deed - act de transfer / vnzare (de
aciuni)

~ earnings - cost de oportunitate (rata

rentabilitii celei mai bune investiii
alternative disponibile)
~ entry - (cont.) articol de virament
~ fee - tax de transfer (de aciun)
~ income / payments - venit / pli de
transfer (pensii, ajutoare de omaj etc.)
~ of balance - transfer de sold
~ of debts - transfer de creane
~ of funds - virament
~ of ownership - transmitere a
dreptului de proprietate
~ order - dispoziie de virament
~ price - pre intem / de transfer
(folosit n schimburile dintre sectoarele/diviziile unei companii multinaionale etc.)

~ register - registru de transfer (al

aciunilor)

331

~ service - serviciu de legtur /

transbordare (a pasagerilor)
~ ticket - (c.f.) bilet valabil/de coresponden
transferable adj. 1. transferabil;
transmisibil 2. care poate fi cedat /
cesionat; care poate face obiectul unei
tranzacii 3. transportabil ~ account - cont
transferabil ~ bond - obligaiune
transmisibil ~ property - bun transmisibil
~ securities - titluri de valoare negociabile
transferee s. (dr.) cesionar transference s.
transmitere, transferare (a unei creane)
transferor s. 1. (dr.) transmitor 2.
andosator
transire s. (mar.) permis de cabotaj
transit s. tranzit; tranzitare v.t. a tranzita
~ agent - agent de tranzitri ~ bill - permis
de tranzit ~ bond - act de garanie pentru
tranzit ~ charges - taxe de transport n
tranzit ~ clause - clauza tranzitului ~
country - ar de tranzit ~ department serviciu (bancar') de decontare a cecurilor
~ dues / duties - taxe de tranzit ~ entry declaraie vamal de tranzit ~ goods marfa n tranzit ~ manifest - manifest de
tranzit ~ passenger - pasager n tranzit ~
port - port de tranzit ~ station - gar de
tranzit ~ storage - depozitare a mrfurilor
n tranzit
~ tariff - tarif de tranzit ~ trade comer de reexport ~ traffc trafic de tranzit

332

~ transport - transport n tranzit

~ visa - viz de tranzit
~ warehouse - depozit pentm mrfuri
n tranzit
~ zone - zon de tranzit
transition s. tranzitie
~ period - perioad de tranziie
transitory adj. trector, nepermanent
~ income - venit nepermanent
translation s. translaie
~ loss - (fn.) pierdere de translaie
(pierdere cauzat de transpunerea
situaiilor financiare din valuta filialei
strine n valuta societaii-mama)

transnational adj. transnaional

~ corporation - corporaie transnaional
transport s. 1. transport; transportare,
cruie 2. mijloc de transport v.t. a
transporta
~ agent - agent de transport
~ cafe - bufet pentru oferi
~ charges - cheltuieli de transport
~ company - societate de transport
~ facilities - mijloace de transport
~ insurance - asigurare contra riscului
de transport
~ line - linie de transport
service - serviciu de transport;
serviciu de expediii
~ worker - muncitor din transporturi
transportability s. transportabilitate
transportable adj. transportabil
transportation s. 1. transport;
transportare; cruie 2. mijloc de transport
3. (SUA) cost / speze de transport 4. (SUA)
foaie de drum; bilet de cltorie
transporter s. transportator, antrepre-nor
de transporturi

TRA

transship v.t. a transborda (mrfuri,

pasageri)
transshipment s. transbordare, transbord
~ bond note - transbord vamal
~ clause - clauz de transbordare
~ delivery order - permis de
transbordare
~ entry - declaraie de transbord
~ port - port de transbordare
~ pricking note - ordin vamal de
transbordare
~ risk - risc de transbordare
~ traffc - trafic combinat (feroviar,
rutier etc.)
travel s. cltorie, voiaj v.i. 1. a
cltori 2. (for) a fi comis-voiajor
pentru (o firma) 3. (in) a fi comis-voiajor n (o anumit bran)
~ agency / bureau - agenie / birou de
voiaj

allowance - indemnizaie de deplasare

traveller s. 1. cltor, voiajor 2. comis-voiajor, agent comercial
~'s cheque - cec de cltorie
~'s letter of credit - scrisoare de credit
de cltorie
~'s policy - poli de asigu'rare de
cltorie (asigurare medical, mpotriva furtului etc.)

travelling s. cltorie, voiaj adj. 1.

cltor, voiajor 2. ambulant, mobil
~ allowance - indemnizaie de
deplasare
~ exhibition - expoziie ambulant
~ expenses - cheltuieli de cltorie /
deplasare (m interes de serviciu /
afacer)

- salesman - comis-voiajor, agent

comercial

TRA-TRI

trawl s. traul, nvod v.i. a pescui cu

traulul
trawler s. trauler
~ -factory - trauler de pescuit i
prelucrare
~ fleet - flot de traulere
trawling s. traulare, trauling, pescuit
prin traulare
treasure s. tezaur v.t. (up) a tezauriza,
a acumula, a strnge
~ house - tezaur {ncpere)
~ -trove - (dr.) tezaur (far proprietar)
treasurer s. 1. trezorier; administrator
2. casier (al unei societt)

~'s report - raport financiar

treasury s. 1. tezaur (de stat}; trezorerie 2. fonduri (publice sau private) 3.
ministerul de finane
Treasury bill - bon de tezaur
Treasury bond - obligaiune de tezaur
Treasury certificate - certificat de
tezaur
~ management - management financiar (al unei societi cu activitate
internaionala)

Treasury note - bancnot (emis dup

1914 n Marea Britanie); bon valoric
Treasury shares/stock - (SUA') aciuni
de tezaur (aciuni comune rscum-

prate de societatea emitent de la

acionar)

Treasury tax and loan accounts (SUA) conturi de plat a impozitelor

treaty s. tratat, convenie
~ obligations - obligaii convenionale
~ port - port deschis
~ reinsurance - convenie de reasigurare
trend ^. trend, tendin; direcie,
orientare

333

~ analysis - analiz de trend (analiw

evoluiei
situaiei
financiare
nregistrat de ofirm)

trespass (dr.) s. 1. delict, contravenie,

nclcare a legii 2. violare, nclcare (a
unei proprieti, a unei frontiere) v.i. 1.
a nclca legea 2. a viola o proprietate,
o frontier
~ to land - violare de proprietate
trial s. 1. ncercare, prob, verificare 2.
proces, judecat; dare n judecat
~ balance - {cont.) balan de
verificare
~ lot - lot (de mrfur) de prob
~ offer - ofert de mostre gratuite
~ order - comand de prob
~ period - perioad de prob
triangular adj. triunghiular
~ trade - comer triunghiular
tribunal s. tribunal
trilateral adj. trilateral
~ trade - comert trilateral/triunghiular
trim (mar.) s. 1. repartizare a ncrcturii sau a balastului; rujare (a
ncrcturi) 2. asiet, diferen de
pescaj v.t. a repartiza ncrctura sau
balastul; a ruja (incrctura)
trimmed adj. rujat (despre ncrctura)

trimmer s. (mar.) rujar

trimming s. (mar.) rujare (a ncrcturii)

trip s. cltorie, voiaj; curs

~ charter - contract'de navlosire pe
voiaj
~ charter tonnage - tonaj al navelor
navlosite pe voiaj
~ leasing - nchiriere (a unui
coneiner) pentru un singur transport
triple adj. triplu v.t v.i. a (se) tripla

334

~ option - (bur.) opiune tripl (care

este o opiune dubl plus alte
operaiuni combinate)
triplicate adj. triplu; n trei exemplare
s. triplicat, al treilea exemplar v.t. a
tripla; a redacta n trei exemplare
tropical adj. tropical
~ products - produse tropicale
trover s. (dr.) aciune n restituire (a
unui bun)

troy s. troy, carat

~ ounce - uncie
~ weight - sistem de uniti de greutate
pentru metale preioase
truck s. 1. troc, schimb de mrftiri 2.
plat n natur (a salariilor) 3. vagon-platform 4. (auto)camion; remorc 5.
legume, zarzavaturi (pentru pia) v.t. 1. a
schimba (ceva pe altceva), a face schimb
de 2. a face comer ambulant cu / de 3. a
transporta cu vagonul-platform sau camionul v.i. 1. a face
troc 2. a plti (salariile) n natur 3. a
cultiva legume / zarzavaturi
~ and trailer - autotren
~ farm - legumicultor
~ farming / gardening - legumicultor
~ fleet - parc de autocamioane
~ haul(ing) - autotransport
~ hire - locaie (a vagoanelor)
~ house - magazie de mrfuri
~ shop -magazin pentru muncitorii
pltii n natur
~ system - plat a salariilor n natur;
mrfdri date muncitorilor ca plat
~ trailer - remorc de autocamion
~ -trailer combination - ansamblu de
autovehicule, tren rutier; camion cu
remorci
~ train - (c.f.) convoi de tragere
~ wages - salariu n natur

TRI-TRU

truckage s. 1. transport cu vagonul saii

camionul; cruie 2. tax de cruie
trucker s. 1. camionagiu 2. persoan
care face afaceri n domeniul
transporturilor (feroviare sau ruiere)
trucking s. 1. transport cu vagonul sau
camionul; cruie 2. afaceri n
domeniul transporturilor
truckload s. vagon plin / complet
~ consignment - expediere vagonal
true adj. adevrat, real
~ bill - (dr.) decizie de inculpare /
punere sub acuzaie
~ copy - copie fidel
~ interest - dobnd real
~ investment - investiie aductoare de
profit (constant i sigur)
~ value - valoare real
trust s. 1. ncredere 2. situaie de
rspundere, responsabilitate, datorie 3.
(ccm.) credit 4. depozit, sum depus;
lucru dat spre pstrare; custodie 5. (dr.)
tutel (asupra unui avut); mandat,
mputemicire; administraie prin tutel /
procur; fideicomis 6. trust adj. fiduciar,
referitor la administraia prin tutel/procur
v.t. 1. a avea ncredere n, a se ncrede n 2.
a lsa n custodia / pstrarea 3. (com.) a
face / a acorda credit, a da pe credit
~ account - evaluare fiduciar (a unei
proprieti}', cont fiduciar ~ bank - banc
specializat n girarea succesiunilor
~ company - societate de investiii
financiare,
fond
mutual;
(SUA)
societate fduciar
cost
cost/comision
pentru
mandatare
~ deed/instrument - (dr.) contract
fiduciar, procur

TRU-TUR

~ for sale - procur de vnzare ~ fund fond fiduciar, avere sub tutel
receipt - (fin.) recipis de consemnare
(mprumut n baza unei anumite garanii ce
rmne la persoana mprumutat, dar care
poate fi oricnd controlat de ctre cel
care acord mprumutuT)
~ territory - teritoriu sub tutel / mandat
~ unit - aciune la o societate de investitii
fnanciare
to be held in ~, to be under ~ - a fi deinut
n depozit fiduciar to hold in / on ~ - a
avea n depozit fiduciar
trustee s. 1. tutore 2. fiduciar; administrator; mandatar; depozitar 3. membru m
consiliul de administraie (al unei societi)
~ account - cont fiduciar
corporation
societate
care
administreaz drepturile acionarilor (prin
procura)
~ for sale - mandatar pentru vnzare ~ in
bankruptcy - administrator judiciar
~ investments - investiii din fondul
fiduciar
Trustee Savings Bank - Casa de Economii
prin Mandatari ~ securities - titluri de
valoare obinute prin investiii din fondul
fiduciar ~ status - statut / situaie legal a
titlurilor de valoare obinute prin investiii
din fondul fiduciar (risc sczut al
investiiei)
trusteeship s. 1. tutel 2. administrare
fiduciar, fdeicomisiune ~ in bankruptcy
- administrare judiciar

335

trustifcation s. cartelare, grupare

ntr-un trust
trustify v.t., v.i. a (se) cartela, a (se)
grupa ntr-un trust
trustless adj. nesigur, pe care nu te
poi bizui; dubios
trustworthiness A'. 1. ncredere 2.
solvabilitate
trustworthy adj. 1. demn de ncredere;
cinstit 2. solvabil
~ customer - client solvabil
~ frm - firm solvabil
~ guarantee - garanie serioas
~ testimony - depoziie irecuzabil
turn s. 1. schimbare 2. rnd; tur,
schimb 3. ctig, profit (dintr-o
afacere) v.t. 1. a ntoarce 2. a converti,
a preschimba (m ban) 3. (down) a
respinge (p ofert) 4. (off) a nceta
lucrul, a intra n grev 5. (out) a
produce, a fabrica 6. (over) a realiza, a
ctiga, a avea o cifr de afaceri de v.r.
(oneself about) a se redresa (financiar)
to ~ bankrupt - a da faliment
turnkey adj. n antrepriz; gata de
operare, la cheie
~ contract - contract n antrepriz
(prin care se ofer echipament complet
i asisten pentru pornirea imediat a
activiti)
turnout s. 1. productie global 2. grev
turnover s. 1. cifr de afaceri 2.
fluctuaie {a minii de lucru) 3. vitez
de circulaie a mrfurilor; vitez de
rotatie a banilor 4. (bur.) valoare total
a tranzaciilor (nregistrate ntr-o z,i)
~ job - reparaie capital
~ ratio - (cont.) rata circulaiei
mrfurilor (raportul dintre vnzrile
totale ale unei frme pe o perioad

336

determinat de timp i valoarea

activelor fixe)

~ sales - vnzri, circulaia mrfurilor

~ tax - impozit pe circulaia mrfurilor
(perceput n fiecare etap a procesului
de distribuie)

turnpike s. 1. barier (la intrarea pe

autostrzile cu tax) 2. autostrad cu
tax

tutwork s. munc n acord (n mine)

twin adj. geamn; dublu, pereche
~ -bedded - cu dou paturi (identice)
alturate (despre o camer de hotel)
~ berth clause - (mar.) clauza
danei/la rnd"
~ deficits - (fin.) deficite gemene
~ -engined - bimotor
~ shares - aciuni gemene (aciunile a
dou societi independente din punct
de vedere juridic care au aceiai
acionarf)
~ ship - nav de serie
TUR-TYP

twinning s. mprtire, partajare (a iinui

post cu norm ntreag ntre doi
angajai cu norm redus)
two num. doi; dou
~ -income family - familie cu dou
salarii (n care ambii prini sunt
salaria)

~ -name paper - cambie comercial

~ -part tariff- tarif mixt
~ -sided accounts- (cont.) conturi pe
dou mbrici
~ -sided market - pia cu cotaii bune
(att la vnzare, ct i la cumprare)
tycoon s. magnat (industrial, fmanciar)
tying adj. (dr.) care leag / oblig,
obligatoriu
~ contract - contract de exclusivitate
type s. tip
~ sample - eantion - tip
typographer s. muncitor tipograf
typography s. tipografie; tipar nalt

U
ullage s. 1. (mar.) ulaj, spaiu gol
(dintr-un tanc de marf lsat liber
pentru a se asigura loc de expansiune
n timpul ransportului) 1. (com.)
cantitate de lichid necesar pentru
completarea golurilor / scurgerilor din
ambalaje v.t. (com.) 1. a calcula
cantitatea de lichid care lipsete din (un
buto) 2. a trage puin lichid (dintr-un
butoi) 3. a reumple {un butoi cu nivel
sczut)
~ foot / stick - picior de ulaj (unitate
de msur)'
ullaging s. msurare a ulajului
ultimate adj. 1. ultim, final 2. defnitiv
3. maxim, extrem
~ consumer - consumator final
~ decision - decizie definitiv
~ destination - destinaie final
~ load - ncrctur maxim
~ output - producie maxim
ultimo adv. din luna trecut s. (bur.)
sfrit de lun; ultimele 10 zile ale lunii
umpire s. arbitru unic, supraarbitru,
mediator v.t. a arbitra (un diferend) v.i.
a fi arbitru, a arbitra
~ analysis - analiz de expertiz /
arbitraj
unabsorbed adj. neabsorbit
~ cost - cost neabsorbit (cheltuieli de
regie, alocate pentru asigurarea unei
activiti de producie, neutilizate n
totalitate)

unacceptable adj. inacceptabil

~ terms - condiii inacceptabile
unaccepted adj. neacceptat

~ draft - trat neacceptat

unacknowledged adj. 1. neconfirmat
(depre vrsminte, pl) 2. fr
rspuns, neconfirmat (despre scrisori)
3. neacreditat (despre diplomai)
unadjudged adj. (dr.) nejudecat, n
litigiu
unadulterated adj. natural, nefalsificat
(despre butur)
unalienable adj. inalienabil
~ property - bun inalienabil
~ right - drept inalienabil
unapplied adj. neaplicat; nefolosit,
neutihzat
~ funds - fonduri neutilizate
~ law - lege neaplicat
unappropriated adj. neutilizat, nealocat; nerepartizat, nedistribuit
~ earnings/profts - profit nerepartizat/ nedistribuit (acionarilor, n scopul
formrii defonduri de investiii)

~ funds - fond neutilizat/fr destinaie

special
unapproved adj. neaprobat
unascertained adj. neverificat, neconstatat; neidentificat
~ fact - fapt neconstatat
~ goods - mrfiiri neidentificate /
neindividualizate (in contract)
unassessed adj. neevaluat, neimpus
~ property - proprietate neevaluat /
neimpus
unassignable adj. inalienabil, netransferabil
unassorted adj. neasortat, dezasortat
unassured adj. neasigurat

338

unattested adj. neatestat

~ certificate - certificat nelegalizat
unaudited adj. neverificat {de cenzor)
unauthorized adj. neautorizat
~ signature - semntur neautorizat
~ trade - comer neautorizat / ilicit
unavailability s. indisponibilitate;
lips (de lichiditi)
unavailable adj. indisponibil
~ capital - capital indisponibil/nelichid
~ goods - mrfuri indisponibile/
deficitare
unavailableness v. unavailability
unavoidable adj. obligatoriu, inevitabil
~ costs - costuri fixe / obligatorii
unbalanced adj. neechilibrat; nesoldat
~ account - cont nesoldat
~ budget - buget deficitar
unbale v.t. a despacheta baloturi (de
marfa)
unborrowed adj. nemprumutat
~ reserves - (SUA) rezerve proprii
{rezervele bancare minus cantitatea
mprumutat de bnci de la Banca
Federal de Rezerv)
unbox v.. a scoate din cutie; a
despacheta din lzi
unbundling s. (fin.) desprindere,
disociere (divizarea fluxurilor de
numerar de la filiala unei societi-mam n mai multe elemente componente pentru creterea probabilitii
existenei unor fonduri n perioade de
dificultate economica}
unbusinesslike adj. 1. necomercial,
contrar uzanelor comerciale 2. lipsit de
spirit comercial, nepriceput n afaceri
3. incorect, necinstit (despre un
procedeu)
uncalled adj. nesolicitat, necerut

UNA-UNC

~ capital
- (bur.) capital n
(pltibile n rate de

aciuni

neachitate
acionar)
~ for mesure - msur nejustificat
uncancelled adj. neanulat
uncase v.t. a scoate din lzi
uncased adj. fr cutie
uncatalogued adj. necatalogat
~ goods - marfa necatalogat / care nu
figureaz n catalog
uncertain adj. nesigur; schimbtor,
variabil, fluctuant
~ amount - sum nedeterminat
~ market - pia fluctuant
uncertainty s. (fin.) incertitudine
(termen de risc)
~ of office / tenure - amovibilitate
uncertified adj. necertificat, neatestat
unchartered adj. (mar.) nenavlosit
unclaimed adj. nerevendicat, neridicat
~ goods - mrfuri neridicate
~ right - drept nerevendicat
unclean adj. murdar
~ bill of lading - (mar.) conosament
murdar {cu meniunea recepionrii
mrfii n stare nesatisfctoare/
improprie)
uncleared adj. neachitat, nelichidat
(despre datorii); nevmuit (despre
mrfuri)
~ cheque - cec necompensat
uncollected adj. neperceput, nencasat
{despre taxe, impozite)

uncollectibility s. imposibilitate de a
ncasa (taxe, impoz.ite)
unconditional adj. necondiionat
~ acceptance - acceptare necondiionat / far rezerve
~ endorsement - andosare necondiionat

UNC-UND

~ expected profts - beneficii scontate

far rezerve
~ order - ordin (de plat) simplu /
neconditionat
unconfirmed adj. neconfirmat
~ letter of credit - acreditiv neconfirmat
unconscionable adj. dezavantajos; n
necunotin de cauz
~ bargain - (dr.) tranzacie dezavantajoas / n necunotin de cauz
unconsolidated adj. neconsolidat
~ debt - datorie neconsolidat
unconvertible adj. neconvertibil
~ currency - moned neconvertibil
uncovered adj. neacoperit, far
acoperire
~ circulation - circulaie (monetara)
far acoperire
~ risk - (asig.) risc descoperit
uncrossed adj. nebarat
~ cheque - cec nebarat
uncustomed adj. 1. nevmuit 2. scutit
de taxe vamale
undamaged adj. neavariat
undated adj. nedatat
~ bonds - obligaiuni perpetue/far
termen / scaden
undelivered adj. nelivrat
under prep. sub adj. inferior;
subaltem, subordonat
~ advice - cu aviz
~ article - conform articolului
~ bond - n garanie (despre mrfuri
pstrate n antrepozit pn la plata
taxelor vamale)
~ deed - cu contract
~ liner terms - n condiii de linie
(despre o nav)

~ new ownership - cu alt proprietar

~ offer - de vnzare

339

~ protest - (dr.) cu protest (despre o

plata)

~ ship's derrick - (mar.) sub palanc

(formul dintr-un conosament care
arat cd responsabilitatea armatorului
fa de caric nceteaz cnd
ncrctura poatefi descrcata}
~ -the-counter - pe sub tejghea / mn
(despre vnzr); ilicit, ilegal
~ the date of - cu data de
~ will - cu testament
underbid v.t. a face o ofert mai
avantajoas dect (concurena); a oferi
(mrfuri, servicii) sub preul (piee) s.
ofert avantajoas / sub preul pieei
undercapitalized adj. subcapitalizat
undercharge v.t. 1. a socoti mai puin,
a plti sub tarif2. a ncrca incomplet /
insuficient s. 1. plat / socoteal n
minus 2. ncrctur incomplet
underclerk s. funcionar subaltem
underconsumption s. subconsum
undercut v.t. a vinde mai ieftin / sub
pre
underdealings s. pl. tratative neoficiale
underdeck s. (mar.) punte inferioar
~ capacity - capacitate a spaiului de
sub punte
~ tonnage - tonaj sub punte
underdeveloped adj. subdezvoltat
~ country - ar subdezvoltat
underemployment s. 1. folosire
incomplet a forei de munc, omaj
parial 2. folosire a fortei de munc sub
calificarea ei
~ equilibrium - echilibru n condiiile
utilizrii incomplete a fortei de munc
underestimate v.t. a subestima, a
subevalua s. subestimare, subevaluare
underfreight v.t. (mar.) a subnavlosi
underground s. metrou

UND

underinsurance s. asigurare partial,

subasigurare
underinsure v.t. a asigura partial, a
subasigura
underinvoicing s. facturare sub pre
underlease v.t. a subnchiria; a
subarenda s. subnchiriere; subarendare
underlessee s. subchiria; subarenda
underlessor s. persoan care
subnchiriaz sau subarendeaz
underlet v.t. 1. a nchiria say a
subarenda sub valoarea real 2. a
subnchiria; a subarenda
underload v.t. a subncrca s. sarcin
partial / incomplet
underloading s. subncrcare
undermentioned adj. menionat mai
jos

underpay v.t. a plti sau a salariza

insuficient
underprice v.t. a fixa un pre mai mic
dect valoarea produselor sau dect cel
practicat de concuren
underproduce v.t. a produce sub
randamentul normal
underproduction ^. subproducie
underquote v.t. a cota / a oferi mai
ieftin / sub pre; a subevalua, a
subestima
underrate v.t. a subevalua, a
subestima; a subimpune (un imobH)
undersecretary s. subsecretar {de sta)
undersell v.. a vinde mai ieftin /
subpre; a vinde la un pre mai mic
dect valoarea intrinsec (a mrfi)
undersign v.t. a subsemna, a subscrie
understaffed adj. cu personal
insuficient
understock v.t. a fumiza/a aproviziona
insuficient

undertaker s. 1. antreprenor 2.
antreprenor de pompe funebre
undertaking s. 1. antrepriz; societate de
servicii publice 2. (dr.) angajament/
promisiune ferm() 3. pompe funebre
undertenancy s. 1. subnchiriere;
subarendare; contract de subnchiriere sau
subarendare 2. calitatea de subchiria sau
subarenda undertenant s. subchiria;
subarenda undertone s. (bur.)
dispoziie, atitudine, impresie; atmosfer
(care influeneaz tranzaciile)
undervaluation s. subevaluare,
subapreciere
undervalue v.t. a subevalua, a subapre-cia
underweight s. greutate redus / sub cea
normal
underwork v.t. 1. a executa (o lucrare) la
repezeal / de mntuial 2. a lucra mai
ieftin dect v.i. a lucra puin / insuficient; a
lucra de mntuial s. munc necalificat /
inferioar underwrite v.t. 1. a sprijini
(financiar'), a finana 2. a asigura; a
ncheia (un contract de asigurare maritim
etc.) 3. (bur.) a subscrie (o emisiune de
titluri de valoare)
underwriter s. 1. asigurtor (maritim),
agent de asigurare; societate de asigurri
2. (bur.') subscriitor ~ 's policy - poli de
asigurare {maritim)
underwriting s. 1. asigurare {maritim
etc.) 2. (bur.) subscriere ~ agent - agent de
asigurare ~ agreement / contract contract de subscriere
commission
comision
de
subscriere

UND-UNE

~ syndicate - sindicat de subscriere

(alctuit din bnci i societi de
investiii pentru a acoperi riscul
asociat lansrii i distribuirii unei noi
emisiuni de tiluri de valoare)

undisbursed adj. nedebursat

~ balance - sold nedebursat
undischarged adj. 1. nedescrcat 2.
neachitat
~ bankrupt - (dr.) falit nereabilitat
undisclosed adj. nedivulgat, nenominalizat
~ buyer - (bur.) cumprtor nenominalizat
~ partner - comanditar
~ seller - (bur.) vnztor nenominalizat
undistributed adj. nedistribuit, nerepartizat

~ earnings / profits - profit reinut /

nedistribuit (acionarilor, n scopul
formrii defonduri de investii)
undivided adj. nemprtit; nedistribuit
~ earnings / profits - profit
nedistribuit (acionarilor, n scopul
formrii defonduri de investii)
~ property - (dr.) proprietate indiviz
undo v.t. a anula, a rezilia (un contract)
undock v.t. a scoate (o nava) din
docuri v.i. a iei din docuri (despre o
nava)

undue adj. 1. inexigibil; nescadent 2.

ilegal
~ debt - datorie inexigibil
~ influence - (dr.) influen ilegal,
presiune (pentru semnarea unui
contracf)

unearned adj. nemuncit

~ income - venit nemuncit (rente,
dobnzi, dividende)

341

~ increment - cretere spontan a valorii

(funciare,
imobiliare
nedatorat
mbuntirilor)
~ premium - prim nectigat (restituit
asiguratulni de societatea de asigurri
cnd proprietatea acestuia nu afost
ameninat de risc) uneconomic adj.
neeconomic, neren-tabil
unemployable adj. care nu poate fi angajat
unemployed adj. 1. omer, far lucru 2.
nefolosit, neutilizat; inactiv, neproductiv
~ capital - capital neutilizat / mort ~ fund
fond
inactiv
/
neproductiv
unemployment s. omaj ~ benefit /
compensation / dole / pay relief - ajutor /
alocatie de omaj ~ equilibrium echilibm n condiii de omaj
~ exchange - birou de plasare ~ fund fond de asigurare de omaj ~ insurance asigurare de omaj ~ trap - capcana
omajului (lipsa de motivaie a omerului
de a cuta o slujb atta vreme ct
primete ajutorul de omaj)
unencumbered adj. negrevat (de sarcini
ipotecare) unendorsed adj. neandosat
unenforceable
adj.
neexecutoriu
(despre un contract, o hotrre judectoreasca)
unentered adj, nenregistrat, 'nedecla-rat
~ goods - mrfuri nedeclarate (in vama)
unequipped adj. neechipat, neadaptat ~
port - port far vam i antrepozite vamale

342

unexecuted adj. 1. neexecutat, nerealizat (despre un plan etc.) 1. nelegalizat, nevalidat (despre un act etc.)
unexpected adj. neateptat, neprevzut
~ costs - cheltuieli neprevzute
unfair adj. 1. nedrept, injust 2.
necinstit, neloial; ilegal
~ competition - concuren neloial
~ dismissal - concediere / destituire
ilegal
~ labour practice - folosire ilegal a
minii de lucru
~ trade practices - practici comerciale
neloiale
unfavourable adj. nefavorabil
~ balance of trade - balan comercial pasiv / deficitar
~ terms - condiii (conractuale)
nefavorabile
unfinished adj. neterminat; bmt,
neprelucrat
~ goods - semifabricate
unfreeze v.t. a debloca (fondur)
unfunded adj. neconsolidat
~ debt - datorie public neconsolidat
unified adj. unificat
bond
obligaiune
unificat/
consolidat
uniform adj. uniform, omogen ~ cargo caric / ncrctur uniform() ~ charter (mar.) contract de navlosire tip
~ costing - calcul uniform al preului de
cost
~ system of accounts - sistem de
contabilitate uniform unilateral adj.
unilateral ~ contract - contract unilateral ~
monopoly - monopol unilateral
unincorporated adj. (SUA) 1. necon-stituit
sub forma unei corporaii 2.

UNE-UNI

neconstituit sub forma unei municipaliti

~ association - asociaie nonprofit
uninsurable adj. neasigurabil
~ risk - risc neasigurabil
uninsured adj. neasigurat
~ parcel - colet fr valoare declarat
union s. 1. uniune; asociaie 2. sindicat,
uniune (profesiona)
~ agreement - acord pentru tarife
vamale
~ card - camet de sindicalist
~ labour - muncitori sindicalizai
~ shop - ntreprindere sindicalizat (in
care sunt angajai muncitori nesindicalizai cu condiia ca ei s devin
membri ai unui sindicat n termen de

30 de zile de la angajare)', contract

colectiv

unionism s. sindicalism
unionist 5'. sindicalist
unique adj. unic
feature - particularitate (de
fabricaie) proprie unui anumit model ~
selling proposition - (com.) caracteristic
unic (trsturi specifice care difereniaz
un produs de concuren i care pot fi
transmise consumatorului prin intermediul
unui mesaj publicitar simplu) unissued
adj. neemis (despre aciuni, obligaiuni)
~ capital - capital n aciuni neemise unit
^.unitate
~ banking - sistem bancar unitar (in care
nu se admit filiale) ~ cost - pre de cost pe
unitate / unitar;
pre de cost mediu
~ -holder - acionar al unei societi de
investitii financiare

UNI-UNN

~ load - ncrctur pe unitatea de

suprafa; pachet de marf, marfa
pachetizat / containerizat
~ of account - unitate de cont
~ of measure - unitate de msur
~ of value - unitate de valoare
~ price - pre unitar
~ tax - impozit pe unitate / unitar
~ trust - societate de investiii
financiare, fond mutual
~ type - mostr medie (din diferite
uniti de marf)

~ value - valoare unitar (coeficient

care exprim valoarea total a unei
anumite producii comerciale, ntr-o
perioad determinat de timp,
mprit la volumul acesteid)
~ weight - greutate specific / unitar
unity s. unitate
~ of command and direction - unitate
de emitere a ordinelor i de conducere
(principiu managerial conform cruia
un salariat trebuie s primeasc
indicaii de la un singur superior)
~ of joint property - proprietate
comun / n comun
~ of possession - (dr.) integralitate /
consolidare a proprietii (prin
eliberarea de servitui etc.)
unlade v.t. a descrca
unlawful adj. ilegal, ilicit
unlawfulness s. ilegalitate
unlicensed adj. 1. neautorizat 2.
nepatentat, nebrevetat
~ premises - local far autorizaie de
vnzare a buturilor alcoolice
unlimited adj. nelimitat
~ company - societate cu rspundere
nelimitat
~ credit - credit nelimitat
~ liability - rspundere nelimitat

343

~ securities - titluri de valoare

necotate (tranzacionate pe piaa extrabursier)
~ tax liability - fiscalitate nelimitat
unliquidated adj. nelichidat
~ damages - daune/despgubiri necontractuale (stabilite de instan)
~ debt - datorie nelichidat
unlisted adj. nelistat, necotat (la burs)
~ company - societate necotat
market
pia
neoficial/
extrabursier
~ securities - titluri de valoare nelistate
(tranzacionate pe piaa extrabursier)
~ securities market - piaa extrabur-sier
a titlurilor de valoare unload v.t. 1. a
descrca 2. a vinde m cantiti mari, a
inunda piaa cu (produse, titluri de
valoare) unloaded adj. descrcat ~
displacement - (mar.) deplasament al
navei goale / far marfa; greutate a navei
goale
~ passage - (mar.) cltorie n balast (la
petroliere i mineraliere) ~ weight greutate
descrcat
unloading
s.
descrcare ~ agent - agent de descrcare ~
berth - dan de descrcare ~ charges cheltuieli de descrcare ~ period - timp
afectat descrcrii ~ priority - prioritate la
descrcare ~ rate - norm de descrcare
unmanufactured adj. neprelucrat; n stare
brut, brut ~ materials - materii prime
unmarketable
adj.
nevandabil
unmatured
adj.
nescadent
unmerchantable
v.
unmarketable
unmortgaged adj. neipotecat unnavigable
adj. nenavigabil

344

unnegotiable adj. nenegociabil

unoffcial adj. neoficial
~ rate of exchange - curs neoficial de
schimb
~ strike - grev neautorizat
unpaid adj. nepltit
~ capital - capital nevrsat
~ -for - neachitat, luat pe credit
unplaced adj. nevndut, neplasat
unpriced adj. fr pre, neevaluat
unproductive adj. neproductiv
~ capital - capital neproductiv / mort
~ consumption - consum neproductiv
~ labour - mn de lucru neproductiv
~ wages - salarii indirect productive
unproductiveness s. neproductivitate
unprofitable adj. neprofitabil, nerentabil
unqualified adj. necalificat
unquoted adj. necotat (la bursa)
~ securities - titluri de valoare
necotate (ranzacionate pe piaa extrabursier)
unrated adj. neevaluat; netaxat,
neimpus
unrealizable adj. nerealizabil
~ capital - capital nerealizabil/nelichid
~ goods - mrfuri nevandabile
unreceipted adj. neachitat
unregistered adj. nenregistrat
unremunerated adj. neremunerat
unrequited adj. nepltit, necompensat
(despre exporturi etc.)
unrivalled adj. far rival
unsaleable v. unmarketable
unsatisfed adj. nesatisfacut, neonorat
(despre o cerere, o datorie etc.)
unseaworthiness ^. (mar.) stare
necorespunztoare de navigabilitate
unseaworthy adj. (mar.) n stare
necorespunztoare de navigabilitate

UNN-UNS

unsecured adj. negarantat, far

garanie
'- creditor - creditor fr garanie/
general/chirografar
debenture - obligaiune chirografar
~ loan - mprumut negarantat /
descoperit
~ note - not de debit negarantat
~ overdraft - descoperit m cont fr
garanie
unsettled adj. 1. nereglementat,
nesoluionat 2. neachitat, nepltit,
neonorat 3. instabil, fluctuant
unship v.t. a debarca (pasageri); a
descrca (mrfuri)
unshipped adj. (mar.) neexpediat
~ contract - contract pentm mrfuri
neexpediate
unskilled adj. necalificat
~ work - munc necalificat
~ worker - muncitor necalificat
unsocial adj. nesocial
~ hours - program de lucru la ore
nepotrivite (care l mpiedic pe
muncitor s aib o via social
normal)
unsold adj. nevndut s. pl. mrfuri
retumabile (fumizorului), solduri
unsorted adj. nesortat
unspent adj. necheltuit
unsteadiness s. instabilitate (a pieei
etc.)

unsubscribed adj. nesubscris (despre

capital)
unsubsidized adj. nesubvenionat
unsuitability s. investitie necorespunztoare
unsystematic adj. nesistematic
~ risk - risc nesistematic (riscul
diversificabil sau specific unei anumite
companii, cauzat de factori caracte-

UNS-USE

ristici acesteia, i care poatefi eliminat

prin pstrarea aciunilor companiei
ntr-un portofoliu diversificat)

untaxable adj. neimpozabil

unvalued adj. neevaluat
~ policy - poli de asigurare
neevaluat (care nu specific valoarea
interesului asigurat)

~ shares - aciuni fr valoare

nominal
unvouched adj. negarantat
unwarranted adj. negarantat, far
garanie
up adv. sus adj. crescut, ridicat; n
cretere (despre preur) s. ridicare,
mrire (a prenrilor)
~ -market - n cretere (despre un
magazin cu tendin de vnzare a
mrfurilor scumpe i calitativ
superioare)
~ -price clause - clauza creterii
preurilor
~ -to-date - modem, actualizat
to go ~ in price - a se scumpi
to send ~ prices - a provoca o cretere
a preurilor
upcoming adj. urmtor, care urmeaz;
anticipat (despre ctiguri la burs)
update v.t. a modemiza, a actualiza
upkeep s. 1. ntreinere 2. cheltuieli de
ntreinere
~ expenses - cheltuieli de ntreinere
upset v.t., v.i. a (se) rstuma
~ price - (SUA) pre iniial / de strigare
[la licitaie)

upstream adj. n amonte

~ subsidies - subvenii n amonte
(subvenii acordate furnizorului de
materie prim pentru un produs)

upswing v. upturn

345

uptrend s. tendin de cretere

(economica)
upturn s. cretere, mrire (a prenrilor
etc.)

upward adj. ascendent, de urcare

~ tendency / trend - tendin
ascendent / de urcare
usage s. 1. utilizare, folosire 2. uzan
{comerciala)

usance s. 1. utilizare, folosire 2. uzan

(stabilirea termenelor de plat pentru
cambii ce trebuie achitate ntr-o ar
strin, potrivit practicii uzuale

comerciale)
~ bill - cambie la termen conform
uzanei
use s. 1. utilizare, uz, folosire 2.
utilitate, folos v.t. 1. a utiliza, a folosi 2.
(up) a consuma (complet), a epuiza
~ and occupancy policy - (SUA)
poli de asigurare indirect / contra
pierderii profitului
~ factor - factor de utilizare
~ of undue authority - abuz de putere
~ tare - tar conform uzanei
to be in ~ - a fi folosit
to be out of ~ - a fi ieit din uz
to come into ~ - a intra n uz, a fi
introdus
to fall out of ~ - a iei din uz
used adj. 1. utilizat, folosit; consumat,
epuizat 2. uzat, vechi; de ocazie
~ stamp - timbru tampilat / obliterat
useful adj. util; uzual; net
~ capacity - capacitate util
~ deadweight - (mar.) capacitate util/
net de ncrcare
~ dispatch - celeritate uzual
~ life - durat de exploatare /
funcionare / utilizare
~ load - sarcin / greutate util

346

~ weight - greutate util user s. 1.

utilizator, beneficiar;
consumator 2. (dr.) uzufructuar 3. (dr.)
drept de uzufruct
~ -friendly - bine proiectat / conceput
(despre un produs)

usual adj. uzual

~ dispatch - celeritate uzual
~ tare - greutate uzual a tarei
~ terms - condiii (contractuale)
uzuale
usufruct 5. (dr.) uzufruct
usufructuary adj., s. (dr.) uzufructuar
~ right - drept de uzufruct
usurer s. cmtar
usurious adj. cmtresc
usury s. 1. camt 2. cmtrie
~ laws - legi mpotriva cametei
~ rate - dobnd uzurar
to lend upon ~ - a mprumuta cu
camt
USE-UTT

to practise ~ - a face cmtrie

utensil s. ustensil, instrument, unealt
utilitarianism s. utilitarism
utility s. 1. utilitate, folos 2. serviciu
public; gospodrie comunal /
municipal 3. pl. aciuni ale societilor
de servicii publice adj. utilitar
~ car/vehicle - furgonet, autoutilitar
~ magnate - (SUA) mare comerciant;
capital investit ntr-o societate de
servicii publice
~ refuse / waste - deeuri refolosibile
utmost adj. maxim
~ good faith - (asig., dr.) maxim
bun-credin (pbligaia persoanei care
ncheie o asigurare de a oferi
asigurtorului toate informaiile
referitoare la bunurile sau interesele
propuse pentru asigurare)
utter v.t. a pune n circulaie (bani
fali, documente false)

v
vacancy s. post vacant; loc vacant
~ rate - rata proprietilor nenchiriate
(pe piaa imobiliar); rata camerelor
libere (intr-un hotel)
vacant adj. vacant, liber, neocupat
~ possession - (dr.) luare n posesie (a
unei proprieti neocupate)
~ succession - (dr.) motenire vacant
vacatable adj. 1. anulabil (despre un
contract) 2. disponibil (despre un
spaiu)
vacate v.t. (dr.) a anula (un contract) 2.
a-i da demisia din {serviciu) 3. a
evacua (un spaiu)
vacating adj. demisionar
vacation s. 1. eliberare {a unui spaiu,
a unui post) 1. vacan {colar,
universitar, judiciar); concediu
allowance - indemnizaie de concediu
~ pay - plat a concediului ~ shut-down nchidere (a firme} pe perioada
concediilor
valid adj. 1. valid; valabil, n vigoare 2.
motivat, ntemeiat (despre obiecii,
reclamaii etc.)
~ contract - contract n vigoare validate
v.t. a valida, a legaliza validity s.
validitate; valabilitate valorization
s.
(fin.) valorizare (meninere a preurilor
prin subvenii de stat); stabilire a preurilor
n mod arbitrar (,i nu ca rezultat al cereri
i oferte)
valorize v.t. a subveniona (preurile prin
intervenia statului)

valuable adj. valoros, de valoare s. pl.

obiecte valoroase / de valoare
~ consideration - (dr.) titlu oneros
~ goods - mrfuri de valoare
valuate v.t. a evalua, a estima, a preui
valuation s. evaluare, estimare,
preuire; valoare estimat
~ charges - cheltuieli de evaluare
~ clause - (.asig.) clauza evalurii
~ survey - expertiz de evaluare;
taxare forestier valuator s. evaluator,
preuitor;
persoan care face un deviz value s. 1.
valoare 2. pre, cost; tarif3. evaluare,
preuire; deviz v.t. a evalua, a estima, a
preui
added
valoare
adugat
(materialelor
prin
procesul
de
producie sau distribuie) ~ -added tax taxa pe valoarea adugat
~ analysis - analiza / tehnologia valorii
(analiza componentelor i a operaiilor
pentru obinerea unui produs n vederea
realizrii aceleiai caliti la un cost mai
redus)
~ chain - (man.) lanul valorii (totalitatea
activitilor interdepen-dente desfurate
ntr-o corporaie) ~ day of receipt valoare n ziua primirii
~ engineering - optimizare a valorii
{studierea fiecrei etape din fabricarea
unui produs n scopul reducerii costurilor
de producie fr a afecta calitatea
acestuia)

348

~ given - valoare fumizat

~ given clause - clauza valorii
fumizate
~ goods - mrfuri de valoare
~ here and there - valoare compensat
~ in account - valoare n cont
~ in earning power - valoare de
rentabilitate
~ in exchange - valoare de schimb (a
unei mrfi exprimat prin pret)
~ in use - valoare practic (a unui
produs raportat la utilitatea sa pentru
om)

~ judgement - opinie profesional/a

unui specialist
~ letter - scrisoare de valoare
~ of money - valoare a banilor, putere
de cumprare
~ received - valoare primit (formul
pe o cambie)
~ to a going business - participaie la
o societate n activitate / producie
~ work done - expertiz a unei lucrri
to be good ~ - a fi avantajos / ieftin
to be of ~ - a avea valoare

to get ~ for one's money - a-i

valorifica banii
to make good the ~ of - a compensa
valoarea
valued adj. evaluat, estimat, preuit
~ policy - (asig. mar.) poli evaluat
(care specific valoarea interesului
asigurat)
valueless adj. far valoare
valuelessness s. lips de valoare
valuer s. preuitor, evaluator,
calculator; taxator
van s. 1. furgon, furgonet; camion 2.
vagon de marf (acoperit) v.t. a
transporta (mrfuri) n furgoane sau
vagoane

VAL-VEG

~ ship - nav portcontainere

variable adj. variabil
~ budget - buget variabil
~ capital - capital variabil
~ cost - cost variabil/direct
~ costing - (cont.) stabilire a preului
de cost variabil / marginal
~ levy - tax (vamal) variabil (pentru
produsele de import)
~ rate mortgage - (SUA) ipotec cu
dobnd variabil
variance s. varian
~ analysis - analiz dispersional/de
variant (analiza diferenelor dintre
costurile i veniturile alocate i cele
actuale)

variation s. variaie, modificare (a

preurilor)

variational adj. supus variaiilor

variety s. 1. varietate, diversitate 2.
asortiment
~ of patterns - asortiment de
eantionare
~ reduction - reducere a gamei de
produse (fabricate sau comercializate)

~ shop / store - magazin general;

magazin de mrfuri ieftine
various adj. variat, divers, diferit
vary v.t., v.i. 1. a varia, a (se) modifica,
a (se) schimba 2. a (se) diversifica
(despre ofert)
varying adj. 1. variabil, care variaz 2.
variat, divers s. variaie, modificare
~ terms - condiii (contractuale)
variabile
vault s. 1. camer de valori / tezaur
{ntr-o banc); trezorerie 2. cas de
bani, seif3. pivni
~ cash - rezerve n numerar
vegetable adj. vegetal s. legum,
zarzavat

VEG-VIA

~ garden - grdin de zarzavat

~ oil - ulei vegetal
vehicle s. vehicul, mijloc de transport
~ ferry - feribot de automobile
~ fleet - parc de vehicule
vehicular adj. vehicular, referitor la
vehicule
velocity s. vitez
~ of circulation - vitez de circulaie
(a banilor n economie)
vend v.t. 1. (dr.) a vinde 2. a vinde, a
oferi spre vnzare (lucruri de mic
valoare)

vendee s. (dr.) cumprtor

vender v.vendor
vendibility s. vandabilitate
vendible adj. vandabil
vending adj. de vnzare
~ machine - automat (pentru vnzarea
buurilor rcoritoare, a ziarelor etc.)
vendor s. vnztor
~ 's lien - (dr.) drept de retenie al
vnztorului (pn cnd cumprtorul
achit integral preul proprietii)
~ s' shares - aciuni ale vnztorilor
(pferite n loc de bani vnztorilor unei
societi, iniial fondatorii ei)
vendue s. (SUA) licitaie
~ master - persoan care conduce o
licitaie
venture s. 1. aciune (comercial} 2.
speculaie 3. afacere comportnd multe
riscuri; obiect al afacerii / speculaiei
v.t v.i. a risca

~ capital - capital de risc

verbal adj. verbal
~ agreement - acord verbal
~ contract - contract verbal
~ offer - ofert verbal
vertical adj. vertical

349

~ amalgamation/merger - fuziune
vertical (achiziia unei finne de ctre unul
dintre furnizori sau clien) ~
combination/integration - combinare/integrare vertical (integrarea
producfiei cu sursele de aprovizionare i
cupieele de desfacere) ~ expansion expansiune vertical (creterea produciei
agricole prin mbuntrea productivitii
terenului cultivat existenf)
~ restrictions - restricii verticale (impuse
vnztorului sau cumpr-torului unui
articol) ~ trust - trust vertical vessel s.
nav; ambarcaiune ~ bond - ipotec
maritim/pe nav ~ policy - poli (de
asigurare) a navei ~ rating - clasificare a
navei ~ 's documents / papers - acte ale
navei (de registru i de companie) ~
stowage list - cargoplan, plan de ncrcare
~ ton - ton-registru
~ tonnage - tonaj al navei (in tone-registru)
vest v.t. 1. (dr.) a nvesti, a mputemici (cu
drepturi) 2. a plasa, a investi v.i. a-i plasa
banii, a face investitii to ~ property in
smb. - a pune pe cineva n posesie
to ~ smb. with a function - a nvesti pe
cineva ntr-o funcie vested adj. 1. investit,
plasat {despre un capital) 2. legitim, legal;
ntemeiat ~ interest - titlu / drept de
proprietate ~ interests - grup de interese
(economice)
via prep. via, prin s. exemplar (al unei
cambii)

350

vicarious adj. 1. delegat, mandatar 2.

prin delegat / mandatar; facut pentru
altul / n locul altuia
~ authority - autoritate delegat
~ liability - (dr.) obligaie cedat unui
delegat / mandatar
vice s. defect, viciu
~ propre - (asig.) viciu propriu/inerent
(unei mrf)
vice- pref. vice
~ -chairman - vicepreedinte (al unui
comitet etc.)
~ -consul - viceconsul
~ -president - vicepreedinte
victual s. pl. alimente, provizii v.t. a
aproviziona cu alimente
victualler s. 1. fumizor de alimente 2.
crciumar
victualling s. aprovizionare cu
alimente
~ allowance - indemnizaie de
alimente / hran; cot / raie de
alimente
~ bill - (mar.) permis de aprovizionare
(fr plata taxelor vamale)
~ house - bufet, birt
vindictive adj. de penalizare
~ damages - despgubiri cu titlu de
penalizare
vine s. vi de vie
'
~ culture / growing - viticultur
~ grower - viticultor
vineyard s. vie, podgorie
vinicultural adj. vinicol
viniculture s. vinicultur
viniculturist s. viticultor
vintage s. 1. cules al viilor 2. recolt,
producie vinicol (a unui an) 3. vin de
calitate
~ wine - vin de calitate
~ year - an cu vin de calitate

VIC-VOL

vintner s. 1. podgorean 2. comerciant

de vinuri
vintnery s. comert cu vinuri
visa s. viz v.t. a viza {un paaport)
visible adj. vizibil
~ balance - balan vizibil (care
include exporturile i importurile
vizibile)

~ exports - exporturi vizibile (exportul

de mrfur)

imports ~ importuri
vizibile
(importul de mrfur}
~ reserve - (cont.} rezerv vizibil
{menionat n bilanul contabl) vocation
s. meserie, profesie; carier vocational s.
profesional ~ counselling - ndrumare
profesional ~ education / teaching nvmnt profesional
~ rehabilitation - readaptare profesio-nal
~ training - formare profesional void adj.
1. vacant, liber (despre un post) 2. (dr.)
nul, far efect, lovit de nulitate v.t. (dr.) a
anula, a rezilia (un contract)
~ clause - clauz nul ~ contract - contract
reziliat voidable adj. anulabil, reziliabil
voidableness s'. anulabilitate, reziliabilitate
voidance s. anulare, reziliere voidness s.
(dr.) nulitate, nevalabilitate volatile adj.
schimbtor, instabil (despre piaa
bursier) volume s. volum ~ business comert en gros ~ calculation - calculare a
tonajului ~ capacity - capacitate de
transport a mrfurilor de volum

VOL-VOY

~ chart - diagram volumetric de

activitate (pe o anumit perioad)
~ discount - rabat de cantitate
~ index - indice de cantitate
~ of trade - volum al schimburilor
comerciale
voluntary adj. 1. voluntar, din proprie
iniiativ 2. benevol, susinut prin
contribuii voluntare 3. facultativ 4.
(dr.) voluntar; intenionat
~ chains / groups - lan / asociaie
voluntar() (de detailiti care au
convenit s cumpere de la un singur
angrosist, n schimbul unor faciliti i
avantaje)
~ consequence / conveyance /
disposition - (dr.) transmitere /
cesiune voluntar / cu titlu gratuit
~ exports restraints - limitare
voluntar a exporturilor (dintr-un
anumit sector)
- insurance - asigurare facultativ
~ liquidation / winding-up - (dr.)
executare voluntar
~ organization - organizaie finanat
prin contribuii benevole (ale membrilor ei)
~ sale - vnzare voluntar
~ saving - economie voluntar
- stranding - (mar.) euare voluntar
(pentru salvare)

~ unemployment - omaj voluntar

~ waste - distrugere intenionat
(pentru ncasarea asigurrii)
'vostropron. vostro
~ account - cont vostro (conturile
bncilor - corespondent deschise la o
banc dat)
vote s. 1. vot; votare; scrutin 2.
moiune, rezoluie v.t. 1. a vota, a

351

aproba (un bugef) 2. (down) a respinge

(o moiune) 3. (in) a alege (ntr-un
pos) 4. (into) a alege ca (preedinte) 5.
(through) a aproba prin vot v.i. a vota
~ by ballot - vot secret
~ ofcensure - vot de blam
~ of confdence - moiune de ncredere
~ of no-confidence - moiune de
nencredere
to carry a ~ - a adopta o moiune
to cast one's ~ - a-i da votul, a vota
to take the ~ - a proceda la vot
voteless adj. care nu particip la vot,
far drept de vot
~ share - aciune fr drept de vot
voter s. votant
voting adj. votant; care are drept de vot
s. 1. votare, scrutin; vot 2. participare la
vot

~ paper - buletin de vot

~ power / right - drept de vot
~ share - aciune cu drept de vot
voucher s. 1. act / document justificativ; pies contabil 2. chitan, bon,
recipis
~ for receipt - chitan de primire
~ system - sistem de actejustificative
voyage s. cltorie, voiaj (pe mare) v.i.
a cltori (pe mare)
~ book - registru de voiaje
~ charter party - contract de navlosire
pe voiaj
~ freight - navlu pe voiaj
~ insurance - asigurare pe voiaj
~ policy - (asig. mar.) poli de
asigurare pe voiaj
~ -to-voyage contract - contract de
angajare pentru un voiaj
voyageable adj. practicabil, navigabil

W
wad s. (SUA) teanc {de bancnote)
wage s. (.ipl.) salariu, leafa; chenzin
~ adjustment - ajustare a salariilor
~ and price control - control al
salariilor i al preurilor
~ assignment - retinere de salariu (n
cazul nerambursrii unui credit)
~ ceiling - plafon a salariilor
~ claims - revendicri salariale
~ costs - cost al minii de lucru
~ cuts - reduceri salariale
~ determination - determinare a
salariilor
~ differential - salariu diferential
~ drift - fluctuaie salarial
~ earner - salariat
~ floor - nivel minim al salariilor
~ freeze - ngheare a salariilor
~ fund - fond de salarii
~ incentives - stimulente salariale
~ increase - mrire salarial
~ labour - munc salariat
~ level - nivel al salariilor
~ level adjustment - corelare a
nivelului de salarizare
~ market - (SUA) piaa salariilor
~ negotiations - negocieri salariale
~ policy - politic salarial
~ -price spiral - spiral inflaionist /
salarii - preuri
~ push - efect asupra salariilor
~ rates - coeficieni de salarizare
~ restraint - limitare / restricie
salarial
~ scale - plan / categorii de salarizare

~ slave - rob salariat (cu salariu foarte

mic)
~ s and salaries - salarii (ale muncitorilor) i lefiiri (ale funcionarilor)
~ s clerk - funcionar nsrcinat cu
plata i evidena salariilor
~ s index - indice al salariilor
~ s sheet - stat de salarii
wager s. 1. pariu 2. obiect pe care se
pariaz v.t. a paria pe v.t. a paria
~ policy - (asig.) poli de onoare /
far obiect asigurat
wageworker s. muncitor; salariat
wag(g)on s. 1. cru, car 2. vagon de
marfa 3. autocamion 4. remorc
basculant
~ park / yard - parc de vagoane
~ works - uzin de vagoane
wag(g)onage s. 1. transport; cruie 2.
vagonaj
wait s. ateptare, expectativ v.t., v.i. a
atepta
~ -and-see policy - politic (comerciala) de expectativ
to ~ and see - a adopta o atitudine de
expectativ
waiter s. 1. chelner, osptar 2. (bur.)
comisionar (persoan care transmite
mesaje, documente)
waiting s. ateptare, expectativ adj. de
ateptare
~ list - list de ateptare / solicitani
~ room - camer de ateptare
~ time - timp de ateptare (pentru
operarea navei)

WAI-WAR

waive v.t. 1. (dr.) a renuna la (un

drept, o pretenie etc.) 2. a amna
waiver s. (dr.) renunare la (un drept, o
pretenie etc.)', declaraie de renunare
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauz de
renunare
~ of demand, notice and protest renunare la dreptul de a protesta o
cambie
~ of premium - renunare la prime (de
asigurare)

walk s. 1. rond, tur; ieire, drum 2. ritm

lent / sczut (al produciei) 3. domeniu,
sfer, bran v. i. (out) a face grev
~ of life - poziie social; carier,
profesie
walkout s. grev
wall s. zid, perete
~ advertising - publicitate mural (pe
faada cldirilor)

wallet .$. portofel (pentru bancnote,

cri de credit etc.)
want s. 1. lips, necesitate, nevoie;
insuficien 2. (com.) cerere v.t. 1. a
vrea, a dori; a cuta 2. a avea nevoie
de; a necesita, a reclama, a cere v.;'. 1. a
duce lips, a fi lipsit de mijloace 2.
(for) a-i lipsi, a duce lips de
~ of balance - dezechilibru
~ of goods - lips de mrfuri
~ of title - (a?r.) lips de titlu de
proprietate
to be in ~ - a f strmtorat
wantage s. lips, necesar; cerere
war s. rzboi
~ clause - (asig. mar.) clauza
rzboiului
~ contraband - contraband de rzboi
~ debts - datorii de rzboi
~ economy - economie de rzboi
~ loan - mprumut de rzboi

~ reparations - despgubiri de rzboi

~ risk insurance - asigurare mpotriva
riscurilor de rzboi
ware s. 1. (in cuvinte compuse)
articole, fabricate, produse 2. pl.
articole, mrfuri
warehouse s. 1. depozit de mrfuri sau
materiale; antrepozit, magazie 2.
magazin mare v.. a depozita, a
antrepozita, a nmagazina
~ bond - act de garanie de depozitare
~ charges - cheltuieli de depozitare
~ company - societate de depozite de
mrfuri
~ entry - declaraie (yamal) de
mrfuri depozitate
floorage - suprafa util a depozitului
~ insurance - asigurare a mrfurilor
depozitate
~ keeper - magaziner
~ keeper's certifcate / receipt -recipis
de depozitare
~ keeper's order / release - permis
(vamal) de scoatere a mrfi din depozit ~
loan - mprumut asupra mrfurilor
depozitate
~ receipt - recipis de depozitare ~ receipt
loan - mprumut garantat cu un stoc
~ storage area - platform de depozitare
~ -to-warehouse clause - clauza "de la
depozit la depozit"
~ -to-warehouse insurance - asigurare "de
la depozit la depozit" ~ warrant - recipis
warant ~ withdrawal permit - permis
(yamal) de eliberare a mrfi din depozit

354

warehouseman s. 1. comerciant angro-sist

2. proprietar de depozit 3. maga-ziner
warehousing
s.
1.
depozitare,
antrepozitare; magazinaj 2. (bur.} pre-luare
a controlului asupra unei societi (prin
acumularea treptat a aciunilor de la
micii acionari) ~ charges - cheltuieli de
depozitare ~ entry - declaraie de
depozitare ~ system - sistem de depozitare
warn v.t. 1. a preveni, a avertiza 2. a
ntiina 3. (dr.) a cita; a notifica 4. (out) a
concedia
1. prevenire, avertizare;
warning s. 2. preaviz; somaie de
procur,
avertisment
mandat
2.
recipis
warant
3.
concediere
mandat; certificat, chitan
warrant s.
4. garanie; cauiune v.. 1. a autoriza, a
mputemici 2. a garanta, a gira
1. ~ for payment ordonan de plat ~ of
attachment - sechestru ~ of attorney procur ~ weight - greutate consemnat n
warant
~ writer - garant, girant warrantee s.
persoan care primete o garanie sau o
mputemicire warranter v. warrantor
warrantor s. garant, girant warranty s. 1.
garanie, chezie;
(cow.) garanie scris 2. clauz
(contractual) 3. autorizaie, permis
~ clause - clauz de garanie
~ of attorney - mandat, procur
~ of quality - garanie de calitate
~ of seaworthiness - (mar.) garanie
de navigabilitate
~ test - prob de recepie

WAR-WAS

wash s. splat, splare v.t. a spla, a

smulge, a lua (despre valuri)
~ sale - (bur.) (SUA) vnzare sau
cumprare fictiv (pentru a crea
impresia c anumite aciuni sunt foarte
cutate)
washed adj. splat, smuls, luat
~ overboard - (mar.) smuls / luat de
valuri (de pe punte)
wastage s. 1. pierdere, risip; scurgere
(a unui lichid); pierdere (a greuti)
prin uscare 2. rebut(uri); deeu(ri) 3.
uzare, uzur 4. pierdere de fort de
munc (din cauza angajailor care
demisioneaz din motive'personale)
waste s. 1. pierdere, risip 2. rebut;
deeu 3. maculatur 4. teren abandonat;
pmnt necultivat 5. moloz, drmturi 6.
hald de steril adj. 1. rebutat, de rebut 2.
gol, pustiu; necultivat (despre terenur) 3.
nefolosit 4. uzat; de aruncat v.t. 1. a pierde,
a risipi (bani, timp etc.) 2. a distruge;
strica, a deteriora ~ area - spaiu de
descrcare ~ dump - hald ~ land - teren
necultivat ~ paper - maculatur
pipe
conduct
de
ape
reziduale/uzate
~ products - rebuturi, produse rebutate ~
recovery - recuperare / valorificare a
deeurilor
~ space / stowage - spatiu nefolosit /
pierdut (prin stivuire necorespunz-toare)
~ tonnage - tonaj pierdut / mort ~
utilization - utilizare a deeurilor ~ waters
- ape reziduale / uzate wasteful adj.
risipitor, cheltuitor; inutil wasting adj. cu
durat limitat (de exploatare)

WAS-WEA

~ assets - active epuizabile / cu durat

limitat de exploatare (mine, cariere
etc. care se epuizeaz n timp)
water s. 1. ap 2. (i pl.) ap mineral
3. (i pl.) mare; ape 4. aciuni
fictive/diluate (emise prin supraevaluarea acivelor) adj. 1. de ap 2.
hidrotehnic; hidraulic v.i. a emite
aciuni fictive/diluate (prin supraevaluarea activelor)
~ bailage - taxe portuare
~ carriage / transport - transport pe
ap
~ craft - nav; ambarcaie; mijloace
plutitoare
~ haul - transport pe ap, cruie
~ -power plant - hidrocentral
-power
resources
resurse
hidroenergetice
~ -retaining - hidrofil (despre mrfur) ~
route - drum / rut pe ap ~ -supply
engineering - hidrotehnic ~ -supply
network / system - retea de alimentare cu
ap
waterage s. 1. transport pe ap 2. (mar.)
navlu
waterborne adj. transportat pe ap (despre
mrfuri) watering adj. diluat
~ stock - aciuni fictive/diluate (emise prin
supraevaluarea activelor) waterway s.
cale / canal navigabil ();
pas de navigaie
~ traffc - transport pe ci de ap
interioare
waterworks s. pl. 1. uzin de ap 2.
instalaii hidraulice; sistem de
alimentare cu ap
watt 5-. watt

~ consumption - consum de wai

~ -hour - wattor

355

~ -hour meter - wattormetru waybill s.

borderou de expediie;
scrisoare de trsur, fraht
wayleave s. drept de trecere (pe o
proprietate)
weak adj. 1. slab (despre pia etc.) 2.
sczut (despre preuri etc.)
weaken v.t v.i. a scdea (despre
preuri etc.)
wealth s. 1. bogie, avere 2.
abunden, belug
~ -owning classes - clasele bogate /
avute
~ tax - impozit pe avere
wealthy adj. bogat, avut; prosper
wear s. 1. uzur 2. mbrcminte;
confecii v.i. a se uza
~ and tear - uzur; (cont., fin.)
amortizare
~ index - indice de uzur
~ life - durat de uzur
wearing adj. 1. de purtat 2. care se
uzeaz s. 1. purtare, purtat (al
mbrcminte) 2. uzare, uzur
~ apparel - mbrcminte; confecii
~ limit - limit de uzur
~ parts - piese supuse uzurii
~ quality - rezisten la uzur
weather s. l. vreme, timp, stare
atmosferic 2. vreme rea; furtun
~ base / station - staie meteorologic
~ -beaten - avariat de condiii
atmosferice nefavorabile (despre
mrfuri)
~ -bound -. reinut / mpiedicat de
vreme rea (despre avioane sau nave)
~ bureau - institut sau serviciu
meteorologic
~ forecast / report - buletin
meteorologic, prognoza timpului

356

~ insurance - asigurare pentru vreme

rea
~ permitting - (mar.) "dac vremea
permite" (condiie de operare a navei)
~ permitting clause - (mar.) clauza
timpului nefavorabil
~ service - serviciu meteorologic
~ working day - zi lucrtoare "dac
vremea permite"
week s. sptmn
weekday s. zi de lucru, zi lucrtoare; zi
din sptmn (fr smbdta i
duminic)
weekdays adv. n zilele lucrtoare
weekend s. week-end, sfrit de
sptmn v.i. a petrece week-end-ul
~ ticket - (c./) bilet de week-end
(yalabil numai n aceast perioada)
weekender s. turist de sfrit de

sptmn; client de sfrit de

sptmn (la hotel)
weekly adj. sptmnal, hebdomadar
(despre publicai) adv. sptmnal s.
revist sptmnal, sptmnal,
hebdomadar
~ fixture loan / money - mpmmut pe
apte zile
~ magazine - revist sptmnal,
hebdomadar
~ payment - plat sptmnal
~ wages - salariu sptmnal
weigh v.t. 1. a cntri 2. a evalua, a
estima, a aprecia (consecinele etc.) 3.
(out) a cntri; a mprti, a distribui
(dup cntrire) v.i. a cntri

weigher s. cantaragiu
weighing s. cntrire
~ charges - tax de cntrire
~ lever / machine - cntar, bascul
weight s. 1. greutate {la cntar) 1.
greutate (de metal pentru msurarea

WEA-WEI

greuti) 3. greutate, ncrctur,

sarcin v.t. 1. a pondera 2. a ngreuna, a
ncrca
~ account - specificaie de greutate (m
documentele de transport)
~ allowed free - greutate netaxat
~ allowance - rabat la greutate
~ by volume - greutate volumetric
~ cargo / goods - marfa grea
~ carrying capacity - capacitate de
ncrcare (a navei)
~ certificate - certifcat de cntrire
~ distribution - repartizare a greutii
~ draft/draught - corecie a pescajului
~ empty - greutate proprie / fr
ncrctur
~ equalizer - contragreutate
~ factor - factor de pondere
~ feed - dozare n greutate
~ fraction - fractiune de greutate
~ holder - bra pentru greuti (la
cntar)

~ indicator - indicator de greutate

~ loss - pierdere de greutate
~ note - buletin / not de ncrcare
~ of displacement - (mar.) deplasament brut / total
~ percent - procent n / de greutate
~ set - greuti pentm cntrit
~ slip - fi de greutate
~ stamp - tampil "cntrit"
~ ton - (mar.) ton lung / englez
~ , value and content unknown (mar.) greutate, valoare i coninut
necunoscute (meniune ntr-un conosament)
weighting s. 1. ponderare 2. potenial
(al piee) 3. compensatie, spor de
salariu
weighted adj. 1. ponderat 2. ngreunat,
ncrcat

WEI-WHI

~ average - medie ponderat

~ indexes - indici ponderai
welfare s. 1. bunstare, prosperitate 2.
asisten social; asigurri sociale
~ economics - economia bunstrii
~ fund - fond de asigurri sociale
~ legislation - legislaia asigurrilor
sociale
~ state - ar cu sistem de asisten
social
~ work - asisten social
~ worker - asistent social
welfarism s. ansamblu de msuri i
politici care caracterizeaz sistemul de
asisten social
well adv. bine
~ -balanced - echilibrat
~ -being - bunstare
~ -conditioned - n bun stare (despre
mrfuri etc.)
~ -conducted - bine condus (despre o
flrma)

~ -equipped - bine dotat sau aprovizionat

~ -establish - solid
~ -experienced - experimentat
~ -informed - informat, documentat
~ "known - renumit, vestit
~ -made - bine lucrat
~ -maintained - ferm, stabil (despre
preur)

~ -managed - bine condus /

administrat
~ -off / -to-do - avut, nstrit
~ -paid - bine pltit / retribuit
~ -practised - experimentat, cu mult
practic
~ -stowed - bine stivuit
~ -timed - oportun

357

wet adj. 1. ud, umed 2. hidrofil 3.

lichid v.t. 1. a uda, a umezi 2. a stropi, a
iriga
~ dock - bazin portuar de maree (cu
pori care menin acelai nivel al ape)
~ goods - mrfuri lichide
wey 5. wey (unitate de msur pentru
capacitate)
whale s. balen
~ fshery - pescuit / vntoare de
balene
~ -oil factory-vessel - nav-uzin de
prelucrat untura de balen
whaleboat s. balenier
whaling s. pescuit / vntoare de
balene
wharf s. chei costier; chei fluvial;
debarcader; platform de descrcare v.t. a
descrca sau a depozita (mrfuri) pe chei '
demurrage
locaie
pentm
mrfurile depuse pe chei ~ dues - taxe de
chei, cheiaj wharfage s. 1. tax de chei,
cheiaj 2. depozitare (a mrfurilor) pe chei
and porterage - aducere a mrfurilor
de la vagoane lng nav whariinger s. 1.
administrator de chei 2. proprietar /
antreprenor de chei ~ 's receipt / warrant recipis de depozitare pe chei wheat s.
gru
~ pit - (SUA) bursa grului wherewithal s.
mijloace
necesare,
banii
necesari
whiteac?/.alb
~ coal - energie hidroelectric ~ -collar
workers - gulerele albe (clasa de mijloc) ~
goods - aparatur electrocasnic;
pnzeturi, albituri

358

~ knight - cavaler alb (firm care

cumpr o companie cu acordul
acesteia pentru a mpiedica preluarea
de ctre ofirm nedorit)
~ oil.- produs petrolier alb
~ paper - carte alb; efect de comert
de prima clas
~ sale - vnzare de albituri/pnz de in
whole adj. ntreg, tot; total, integral s.
ntreg, tot; total, totalitate
~ banks - bnci mari (care acord
mprumuturi comerciale i industriale)
~ cargo charter - (mar.) navlosire
total / integral
~ flour - fin integral
~ -life insurance - asigurare pe via
~ milk - lapte integral
~ -time work - norm ntreag
~ timer - angajat cu norm ntreag
wholemeal s. fain integral
wholesale s. vnzare angro/cu ridicata
adv adj. angro, cu ridicata v.t., v.i. a
vinde angro/cu ridicata
~ banking - afaceri / tranzacii bancare
de mare avengur (implicnd sume
mari)
~ dealer / merchant - angrosist
~ manufacture - fabricaie n serie
~ markets - piee generale/angro
~ price - pre cu ridicata
~ sale - vnzare angro
~ store / warehouse - depozit angro
~ trade - comert angro
to deal ~ - a face comer angro
wholesaler s. angrosist
wide adj. 1. larg, extins; mare, considerabil 2. instabil, fluctuant (despre
preur)
~ price - (bur.) curs cu fluctuaie mare
(fntre oferta de vnzare i cea de
cumprare)

WHI-WIN

~ trade connections - legturi

comerciale extinse
widen v.t. a lrgi, a extinde (piaa de
desfacere) v.i. 1. a se lrgi, a se extinde
2. a crete, a se amplifica (despre un
decalaj)

wildcat s. 1. ntreprindere riscant 2.

sond de explorare/far prospeciuni
prealabile adj. 1. riscant, nesigur 2.
ilegal v.t. a prospecta (im teren) v.i. a
face prospeciuni
~ company - societate care practic
afaceri riscante
~ drilling - foraj de prospeciune
~ strike - grev neautorizat (de
sindicat)

~ well - sond de explorare

wildcatter s. speculant care face
afaceri riscante sau ilegale
wildcatting s. 1. afaceri riscante;
operaii ilegale 2. forare de explorare will
s. 1. voin 2. testament, legat v.. a testa, a
lsa prin testament to make one's ~ - a-i
face testamentul win v.t. a ctiga v.i.
(through) a reui, a-i atinge scopul s.
ctig, profit wind v.t. (up) a lichida (o
societate) windfall s. motenire
neateptat;
ctig neateptat / neprevzut
~ profit - profit neateptat / neprevzut
winding up s. lichidare
~ by the court - lichidare judiciar
~ order - hotrre judectoreasc de
lichidare
~ sale - (rfr.) executare silit
window s. 1. fereastr 2. ghieu 3.
vitrin
~ case - vitrin
~ dresser - decorator de vitrine

WIN-WOO

~ dressing - arta decorrii vitrinelor;

falsificare, trucare (a situaiei
financiare, a unui bilan etc.)
~ envelope - plic cu fereastr
~ shopper - persoan care se uit la
vitrine (fr intenia de a cumpra)
wine 5. vin v.t. a aproviziona cu vin
~ cellar - cram
~ cooper - degusttor de vinuri; chelar,
pivnicer
~ district - regiune viticol
~ industry - industria viticol
~ merchant - negustor de vinuri
~ preparation - vinificaie
~ production - vinificaie, producere a
vinului
~ vault - cram
~ vinegar -'oet de vin
winegrower s. viticultor
winegrowing s. viticultur
winter s. iam adj. de iam v.t. a
ngriji (plante, animale) pe timp de
iam
~ cereals/corn/crop - cereale semnate toamna, culturi de toamn
~ draft/draught - (mar.) pescaj la
linia de ncrcare de iam
~ freebord mark / loadline - (mar.)
linie de ncrcare de iam
~ resort - staiune de iam
~ wheat - gru de iam
wipe v.t. 1. a terge 2. (off, out) a
lichida (o datorie)
with prep. cu
~ average - (asig. mar.) cu avarie
~ effect from - n vigoare de la data
~ particular average - (asig. mar.) cu
avarie particular
withdraw v.t. 1. a retrage (depuneri,
mrfuri etc.) 2. a anula (o comand, un

359

credit etc.); a ridica (restricii) v.i. a se

retrage
withdrawable adj. care poate fi retras
(despre depuner)
withdrawal s. 1. retragere (de
depuneri, mrfuri etc.) 2. anulare (a
unei comenzi, a unui credit etc.)',
ridicare (de restrici)
~ notice - aviz de retragere de fonduri /
depuneri
withhold v.t. a reine; a sista (plata,
livrarea etc.)
withholding s'. reinere; sistare
~ tax - impozit reinut la surs (pentru
dobnzi sau dividende pltite unui
investitor strin)
without prep. far
~ benefit of salvage - (asig. mar.) fr
prim de salvare
~ damage - (asig. mar.) fr avarie
~ engagement - (com.) fr angajament (din partea fumizorului de a
menine un anumitpre la livrare)
~ further delay - fr a mai ntrzia
~ payment - fr plat; cu titlu gratuit
~ -profts policy poli de asigurare
de via far beneficii suplimentare
~ recourse - far recurs/regres
(formul pe o cambie)

wood s. 1. pdure; regiune mpdurit

2. lemn, material lemnos adj. 1. de
lemn, lemnos 2. de pdure, forestier
~ goods - materiale lemnoase
~ industry - industria lemnului /
forestier
woodenware s. obiecte / articole de
lemn
woodwork s. 1. piese / articole de lemn
2. tmplrie, parte de lemn (a unei
construci)

woodworker s. tmplar, dulgher

360

woodworking s. prelucrare a lemnului

adj. de prelucrat lemnul
~ industry - industria de prelucrare a
lemnului
~ machine - main de prelucrat
lemnul
wool s. ln adj. de ln
~ bearer - animal productor de ln
~ clip - recolt / producie de ln (pe
sezon)

~ growing - creterea oilor

~ hall - pia pentru ln; bursa lnei
~ pack - balot de ln
~ sorter - sortator de ln
~ staple pia / trg de ln
~ stapler - negustor de ln
wool(l)en adj. de ln s. pl. confecii
din ln
~ cloth - postav
~ draper - postvar
~ goods - articole / stofe de ln
~ manufacture - industria lnii
word s. cuvnt v.t. a exprima; a
redacta, a formula
~ book - dicionar; glosar
~ -for-word quotation - citat textual
~s and figures do not agree cuvintele nu corespund cifrelor
(formulpe un cec etc.)
wording s. redactare, fonnulare (a unui
contract); completare (a unui cec)
work s. 1. munc, lucru, activitate 2.
pies; produs 3. prelucrare 4. pl. uzin
adj. de munc / lucru v.t. 1. a fabrica, a
confeciona; a prelucra 2. a pune n
micare, a aciona, a manipula 3. a
executa lucrri n (o regiune) 4. a
exploata, a abata (un zcmnf) 5.
(out) a rezolva (o problem); a ntocmi
(un plan); a redacta (un document); a
mbunti, a revizui; a epuiza (un

WOO-WOR

zcmnf) v.i. 1. a munci, a lucra; a avea

de lucru 2. a funciona, a merge 3. (out) a
corespunde, a fi corespunztor:
a fi realizabil (despre un plan etc.) 4.
(out at / to) a se ridica la, a totaliza (o
cifra)

~ area - suprafa de lucru

~ at piece rates / by the job - munc
n acord
~ at time rates - munc (pltit) pe
unitatea de timp
~ by contract - antrepriz
~ by the day - munc cu ziua
~ cycle - ciclu de activitate
~ in process/progress - (con.) active
n curs de fabricatie
~ load - norm (a unui salariat, a unui
serviciu etc.)

~ permit - permis de munc (intr-o

ar strina)

~ report - raport de activitate

~ shift - schimb/tur de lucru
~ -to-rule - munc statutar, ncetinire
a lucrului cu respectarea normelor (ca
metod de presiune asupra conduceri)
~ s engineer - inginer de exploatare
~ s management - direcie de exploatare; administraie a uzinei; direcie a
antierului, conducere a lucrrilor
~ s manager - director de uzin
~ s railway - cale ferat uzinal
workability s. 1. aplicabilitate 2. utilitate, folos 3. capacitate de a fi prelucrat; uzinabilitate
workable adj. 1. aplicabil, fezabil
(despre un plan etc.) 1. prelucrabil;
uzinabil 3. exploatabil (despre mine)
workday s. zi de lucru / lucrtoare worked
adj. prelucrat; exploatat worker s. 1.
muncitor, lucrtor 2. pl. echip; efectiv,
personal

WOR

~ director - ef (membru n consiliul de

administraie) al serviciului de personal
~
participation
coparticipare
(participare a muncitorilor la beneficii sau
la luarea deciziilor n ntreprinderea
n care lucreaz)
working adj. 1. muncitor, activ; n
activitate 2. de lucru; de exploatare; de
functionare 3. activ, n vigoare 4. care
functioneaz, n funciune s. 1. munc,
lucru, activitate 2. funcionare;
prelucrare; exploatare 3. lucrare
minier, abataj
~ account - (cont.) cont de calculare a
profitului brut
~ agreement - acord de colaborare
~ capacity - capacitate util; capacitate
de lucru / prelucrare
~ capital - capital de lucru, fond de
rulment
~ cargo - caric / ncrctur de tranzit
~ class - clasa muncitoare
~ coeffcient - coeficient de exploatare
~ conditions - condiii de munc
control - control operativ
(decurgnd din deinerea a 51% din
aciunile uneifirme} ~ costs - costuri de
exploatare ~ day - zi lucrtoare; timp de
lucru, ore de producie
director
director
angajat
permanent
~ effciency - productivitate a muncii ~
expenses - cheltuieli de exploatare /
generale
~ hours - ore lucrtoare / de producie,
timp de lucru
~ life - durat de fiincionare / exploatare;
perioad de activitate ~ load - sarcin util
de lucru

361

~ material - materie prim

~ partner - comanditat
~ party - comisie de lucru
~ population - populaie activ
~ season - campanie / sezon de lucru
~ service / time - durat de serviciu /
exploatare / functionare
~ shift - schimb / tur de lucru
~ standard - etalon de lucru /
verificare
~ week - sptmn de lucru
- year - an de producie
workman s. muncitor
workmanship s. 1. calificare, abilitate
profesional 2. execuie, executare
workpeople s. muncitori
workroom s. camer de lucru; atelier;
laborator
workshop s. 1. atelier; secie (intr-o
uzin); atelier de reparaii 2. grup,
seminar; atelier de lucru, cerc (de
studii, discuii) 3. atelier, studio {de
teatru}

world s. lume adj. mondial, universal

~ commerce / trade - comert mondial
-- economy - economie mondial
~ exhibition - expozitie universal
~ fair - trg universal
~ market - pia mondial
~ market prices - preuri mondiale
~ money - valut intemaional (yalut
forte acceptat n schimburile
internaionale)
~ shipping - (mar.) flot mondial;
tonaj mondial
~ -wide - mondial, universal, rspndit
n lumea ntreag
worth adj. care valoreaz, valornd;
care cost / are preul de s. valoare, pre to
be ~ little - a valora puin to be ~ much - a
valora mult

362

worthless adj. far valoare

wrap v.t. (i ~ up) a mpacheta
wrapper s. 1. nvelitoare 2. ambalator,
mpachetator
~ sheet - foaie de hrtie de ambalaj
wrapping s. 1. mpachetare 2. material
de mpachetat
~ machine - main de mpachetat
~ paper - hrtie de mpachetat
writ s. (dr.) citaie; somaie; ordonan
~ of attachment - ordin de sechestru
~ of execution - titlu executoriu
~ of summons - citaie, notificare de
actiune judectoreasc
write v.t. 1. a scrie; a redacta 2. a
completa (un cec) 3. (down) (cont.) a
subevalua (un activ); a scrie, a nota, a
nregistra 4. (off) (cont.) a anula (o
datorie), a trece (p datorie) la pierderi;
a amortiza 5. (out) a scrie, a completa (un
cec); a ntocmi (un raport) 6. (up) (cont.) a
supraevalua (un activ) v.i. (in)
WOR-WRO

a se adresa unei firme (pentru o

comanda)
~ -down - subevaluare (a unui activ)
~ -off - anulare (a unei datori);
amortizare
~ -up - supraevaluare (a unui activ)
writing s. 1. scriere; scris 2. document,
nscris
~ -down allowance - (con.~) reducere
(a impozitelor) prin amortizare
~ materials - rechizite de birou
~ paper - hrtie de scris / concept
~ set - gamitur de birou
wrongful adj. nedrept; nejustificat
~ dishonour - refuz nejustificat de
onoare (a unui cec, a unei cambii)
~ dismissal - concediere nejustificat/
injust
wrought adj. 1. lucrat, fasonat 2.
nflorat (despre esturi) 3. forjat
~ iron - fier forjat

x
xerography .s. xerografie

xerox ."?. xerox v.t. a xeroxa, a multiplica la

xerox

Y
Yankees s. pl. aciuni ale societilor din
SUA
yard 5'. 1. curte; depozit, magazie 2.
antier naval 3. (c.f.) depou; parc de
vagoane; staie de triaj 4. yard, iard (unitate
de msur pentru lungime) ~ craft - (SUA)
ambarcaie portuar;
rnijloc plutitor portuar
~ goods - mrfuri textile cu metraj n
bucat
~ line - linie de depou
~ locomotive locomotiv de manevr
~ lumber - material lemnos depozitat /
uscat (CM umiditate normal)

~ repair ship / vessel - atelier plutitor

de reparaii
~ track - cale ferat uzinal
yardage s. 1. numr sau lungime
exprimat n iarzi; metraj 2. cheltuieli
de depozitare 3. plat n acord pe iard
de naintare (in min)
~ indicator / recorder - indicator /
contor de distan parcurs n iarzi
yardman s. lucrtor n staia de triaj
yardmaster s. ef de staie / gar; ef
de triaj / manevr
yardstick s. etalon, linie (rigl de
msur de un iard)
year s. an
~ bill - (SUA) certificat de trezorerie
cu scadent la 12 luni

~ - end adjustment - ajustare (a

conturilor) la sfritul anului (in vederea
ncheierii bilanulu) yearbook s. anuar
yearling adj. de un an s. pl. obligaiuni cu
scadena peste un an {mprumut municipal)
~ bond - obligaiune cu scadena peste
unan
yearly adj., adv. anual ~
income - venit anual
yellow adj. galben
~ -dog contract - (SUA) contract de munc
prin care muncitoml se oblig s nu intre n
nici un sindicat, sub pedeapsa rezilierii
contractului ~ goods - (,SUA) produse de
culoare galben (bunuri de consum mai
scumpe, care se schimb la intervale mari
de timp)
~ pages - pagini galbene / naionale (anuar
care cuprinde adresele tuturor instituiilor
i societilor comerciale) yield s. 1. (/n.)
randament; produc-tivitate; grad de
valorifcare, eficien 2. recolt v.t. 1. a
produce, a da, a scoate (o recolt) 2. a
aduce un randa-ment de (attea procente)
3. a livra v.i. 1. a produce, a da randament
2. a aduce profit, a fi profitabil ~ capacity productivitate

~ curve - curba randamentului

(graficul relaiei dintre randamentele
i maturitile diferitelor emisiuni de
titluri de valoare)
- gap - (bur.) decalaj de randament
(diferena dintre randamentul mediu al
aciunilor comune i cel al titlurilor de
valoare deprima clas)
~ mix - ansamblu de elemente care
afecteaz randamentul

~ on investment - randament al
investiiei
- to call - randament pn la revocare
(rata dobnzii obinute la o obligaiune
dacd este retras nainte de maturitate)
~ to maturity - randament pn la
maturitate (rata dobnzii obinute la o
obligaiune dac este pstrat pna la
maturitate)

zero s. zero
~ -based budgeting - calculare a
bugetului pe baz zero (metod de
alctuire a bugetului, care pleac de la
premisa unui buget nexistent n anul
precedent)
~ coupon bond - obligaiune cu cupon
zero
~ economic growth - cretere
economic zero
~ -rated - cu tax zero (m sistemul
TVA)

~ sum - (fin.) sum nul (set de

tranzacii n care profiturile
ctigtorilor sunt egale cu pierderile
nectigtorilor)

z
~ - sum economy - economie cu sum
zero (economie n care nu se
nregistreaz nici o cretere, venitul
unei persoane putnd s creasc numai
prin scderea venitului alteia)
zonal adj. zonal, mprtit n zone
zonation s. zonare, zonificare
zone s. zon, regiune v.t. a zonifica, a
mprti n zone
~ price plan - sistem zonal de preuri
~ pricing - stabilire a unor preuri
difereniate pe zone
~ tariff- tarif (yamal) zonal
zoom v.i. (i ~ up) a crete brusc
(despre preuri)