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06/10/2016

8051InstructionSet

8051InstructionSet
Instructionsbyopcode
0x00 0x01 0x02
0x00 NOP AJMP LJMP
ACALL LCALL
0x10 JBC
AJMP RET
0x20 JB
0x30
0x40
0x50
0x60
0x70
0x80
0x90
0xa0
0xb0
0xc0
0xd0
0xe0
0xf0

0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d 0x0e 0x0f
RR

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

INC

RRC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

DEC

RL

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

ADD

JNB

ACALL RETI

RLC

ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC ADDC

JC

AJMP

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

ORL

JNC

ACALL ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

ANL

JZ

AJMP

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

XRL

JNZ

ACALL ORL

JMP

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

SJMP

AJMP

MOVC DIV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

ACALL MOV

MOVC SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB SUBB

ORL

AJMP

INC

MUL

ANL

ACALL CPL

CPL

CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE CJNE

PUSH

AJMP

CLR

SWAP XCH

POP

ACALL SETB

SETB

DA

MOVX AJMP

ANL
MOV
CLR

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

MOV
XCH

DJNZ XCHD XCHD DJNZ DJNZ DJNZ DJNZ DJNZ DJNZ DJNZ DJNZ

MOVX MOVX CLR

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOVX ACALL MOVX MOVX CPL

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

MOV

AlphabeticalListofInstructions
ACALLAbsoluteCall
ADD,ADDCAddAccumulator(WithCarry)
AJMPAbsoluteJump
ANLBitwiseAND
CJNECompareandJumpifNotEqual
CLRClearRegister
CPLComplementRegister
DADecimalAdjust
DECDecrementRegister
DIVDivideAccumulatorbyB
DJNZDecrementRegisterandJumpifNotZero
INCIncrementRegister
JBJumpifBitSet
JBCJumpifBitSetandClearBit
JCJumpifCarrySet
JMPJumptoAddress
JNBJumpifBitNotSet
JNCJumpifCarryNotSet
JNZJumpifAccumulatorNotZero
JZJumpifAccumulatorZero
LCALLLongCall
LJMPLongJump
MOVMoveMemory
MOVCMoveCodeMemory
MOVXMoveExtendedMemory
MULMultiplyAccumulatorbyB
NOPNoOperation
ORLBitwiseOR
POPPopValueFromStack
PUSHPushValueOntoStack
RETReturnFromSubroutine
RETIReturnFromInterrupt
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8051InstructionSet

RLRotateAccumulatorLeft
RLCRotateAccumulatorLeftThroughCarry
RRRotateAccumulatorRight
RRCRotateAccumulatorRightThroughCarry
SETBSetBit
SJMPShortJump
SUBBSubtractFromAccumulatorWithBorrow
SWAPSwapAccumulatorNibbles
XCHExchangeBytes
XCHDExchangeDigits
XRLBitwiseExclusiveOR
UndefinedUndefinedInstruction

8051InstructionSet:ACALL
Operation: ACALL
Function: AbsoluteCallWithin2KBlock
Syntax:
ACALLcodeaddress
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

ACALLpage0

0x11

None

ACALLpage1

0x31

None

ACALLpage2

0x51

None

ACALLpage3

0x71

None

ACALLpage4

0x91

None

ACALLpage5

0xB1

None

ACALLpage6

0xD1

None

ACALLpage7

0xF1

None

Description:ACALLunconditionallycallsasubroutineattheindicatedcodeaddress.ACALLpushestheaddressof
theinstructionthatfollowsACALLontothestack,leastsignificantbytefirst,mostsignificantbytesecond.The
ProgramCounteristhenupdatedsothatprogramexecutioncontinuesattheindicatedaddress.
ThenewvaluefortheProgramCounteriscalculatedbyreplacingtheleastsignificantbyteoftheProgramCounter
withthesecondbyteoftheACALLinstruction,andreplacingbits02ofthemostsignificantbyteoftheProgram
Counterwith3bitsthatindicatethepage.Bits37ofthemostsignificantbyteoftheProgramCounterremain
unchaged.
Sinceonly11bitsoftheProgramCounterareaffectedbyACALL,callsmayonlybemadetoroutineslocatedwithin
thesame2kblockasthefirstbytethatfollowsACALL.
SeeAlso:LCALL,RET

8051InstructionSet:ADD
Operation: ADD,ADDC
Function: AddAccumulator,AddAccumulatorWithCarry
Syntax:
ADDA,operand
ADDCA,operand
Instructions

OpCode Bytes

Flags

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Instructions

OpCode Bytes

Flags
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8051InstructionSet

ADDA,#data

0x24

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,#data

0x34

C,AC,OV

ADDA,iramaddr

0x25

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,iramaddr

0x35

C,AC,OV

ADDA,@R0

0x26

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,@R0

0x36

C,AC,OV

ADDA,@R1

0x27

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,@R1

0x37

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R0

0x28

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R0

0x38

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R1

0x29

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R1

0x39

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R2

0x2A

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R2

0x3A

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R3

0x2B

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R3

0x3B

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R4

0x2C

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R4

0x3C

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R5

0x2D

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R5

0x3D

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R6

0x2E

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R6

0x3E

C,AC,OV

ADDA,R7

0x2F

C,AC,OV

ADDCA,R7

0x3F

C,AC,OV

Description:Description:ADDandADDCbothaddthevalueoperandtothevalueoftheAccumulator,leavingthe
resultingvalueintheAccumulator.Thevalueoperandisnotaffected.ADDandADDCfunctionidenticallyexceptthat
ADDCaddsthevalueofoperandaswellasthevalueoftheCarryflagwhereasADDdoesnotaddtheCarryflagtothe
result.
TheCarrybit(C)issetifthereisacarryoutofbit7.Inotherwords,iftheunsignedsummedvalueofthe
Accumulator,operandand(inthecaseofADDC)theCarryflagexceeds255Carryisset.Otherwise,theCarrybitis
cleared.
TheAuxillaryCarry(AC)bitissetifthereisacarryoutofbit3.Inotherwords,iftheunsignedsummedvalueofthe
lownibbleoftheAccumulator,operandand(inthecaseofADDC)theCarryflagexceeds15theAuxillaryCarryflag
isset.Otherwise,theAuxillaryCarryflagiscleared.
TheOverflow(OV)bitissetifthereisacarryoutofbit6oroutofbit7,butnotboth.Inotherwords,iftheadditionof
theAccumulator,operandand(inthecaseofADDC)theCarryflagtreatedassignedvaluesresultsinavaluethatis
outoftherangeofasignedbyte(128through+127)theOverflowflagisset.Otherwise,theOverflowflagiscleared.
SeeAlso:SUBB,DA,INC,DEC

8051InstructionSet:AJMP
Operation: AJMP
Function: AbsoluteJumpWithin2KBlock
Syntax:
AJMPcodeaddress
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
AJMPpage0

0x01

None

AJMPpage1

0x21

None

AJMPpage2

0x41

None

AJMPpage3

0x61

None

AJMPpage4

0x81

None

AJMPpage5

0xA1

None

AJMPpage6

0xC1

None

AJMPpage7

0xE1

None

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8051InstructionSet

Description:AJMPunconditionallyjumpstotheindicatedcodeaddress.ThenewvaluefortheProgramCounteris
calculatedbyreplacingtheleastsignificantbyteoftheProgramCounterwiththesecondbyteoftheAJMPinstruction,
andreplacingbits02ofthemostsignificantbyteoftheProgramCounterwith3bitsthatindicatethepageofthebyte
followingtheAJMPinstruction.Bits37ofthemostsignificantbyteoftheProgramCounterremainunchaged.
Sinceonly11bitsoftheProgramCounterareaffectedbyAJMP,jumpsmayonlybemadetocodelocatedwithinthe
same2kblockasthefirstbytethatfollowsAJMP.
SeeAlso:LJMP,SJMP

8051InstructionSet:ANL
Operation: ANL
Function: BitwiseAND
Syntax:
ANLoperand1,operand2
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

ANLiramaddr,A

0x52

None

ANLiramaddr,#data

0x53

None

ANLA,#data

0x54

None

ANLA,iramaddr

0x55

None

ANLA,@R0

0x56

None

ANLA,@R1

0x57

None

ANLA,R0

0x58

None

ANLA,R1

0x59

None

ANLA,R2

0x5A

None

ANLA,R3

0x5B

None

ANLA,R4

0x5C

None

ANLA,R5

0x5D

None

ANLA,R6

0x5E

None

ANLA,R7

0x5F

None

ANLC,bitaddr

0x82

ANLC,/bitaddr

0xB0

Description:ANLdoesabitwise"AND"operationbetweenoperand1andoperand2,leavingtheresultingvaluein
operand1.Thevalueofoperand2isnotaffected.Alogical"AND"comparesthebitsofeachoperandandsetsthe
correspondingbitintheresultingbyteonlyifthebitwassetinbothoftheoriginaloperands,otherwisetheresultingbit
iscleared.
SeeAlso:ORL,XRL

8051InstructionSet:CJNE
Operation: CJNE
Function: CompareandJumpIfNotEqual
Syntax:
CJNEoperand1,operand2,reladdr

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8051InstructionSet

Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

CJNEA,#data,reladdr

0xB4

CJNEA,iramaddr,reladdr

0xB5

CJNE@R0,#data,reladdr

0xB6

CJNE@R1,#data,reladdr

0xB7

CJNER0,#data,reladdr

0xB8

CJNER1,#data,reladdr

0xB9

CJNER2,#data,reladdr

0xBA

CJNER3,#data,reladdr

0xBB

CJNER4,#data,reladdr

0xBC

CJNER5,#data,reladdr

0xBD

CJNER6,#data,reladdr

0xBE

CJNER7,#data,reladdr

0xBF

Description:CJNEcomparesthevalueofoperand1andoperand2andbranchestotheindicatedrelativeaddressif
operand1andoperand2arenotequal.Ifthetwooperandsareequalprogramflowcontinueswiththeinstruction
followingtheCJNEinstruction.
TheCarrybit(C)issetifoperand1islessthanoperand2,otherwiseitiscleared.
SeeAlso:DJNZ

8051InstructionSet:CLR
Operation: CLR
Function: ClearRegister
Syntax:
CLRregister
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
CLRbitaddr

0xC2

None

CLRC

0xC3

CLRA

0xE4

None

Description:CLRclears(setsto0)allthebit(s)oftheindicatedregister.Iftheregisterisabit(includingthecarrybit),
onlythespecifiedbitisaffected.ClearingtheAccumulatorsetstheAccumulator'svalueto0.
SeeAlso:SETB

8051InstructionSet:CPL
Operation: CPL
Function: ComplementRegister
Syntax:
CPLoperand
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
CPLA

0xF4

None

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8051InstructionSet

CPLC

0xB3

CPLbitaddr

0xB2

None

Description:CPLcomplementsoperand,leavingtheresultinoperand.Ifoperandisasinglebitthenthestateofthe
bitwillbereversed.IfoperandistheAccumulatorthenallthebitsintheAccumulatorwillbereversed.Thiscanbe
thoughtofas"AccumulatorLogicalExclusiveOR255"oras"255Accumulator."Iftheoperandreferstoabitofan
outputPort,thevaluethatwillbecomplementedisbasedonthelastvaluewrittentothatbit,notthelastvalueread
fromit.
SeeAlso:CLR,SETB

8051InstructionSet:DA
Operation: DA
Function: DecimalAdjustAccumulator
Syntax:
DAA
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
DA

0xD4

Description:DAadjuststhecontentsoftheAccumulatortocorrespondtoaBCD(BinaryCodedDecimal)number
aftertwoBCDnumbershavebeenaddedbytheADDorADDCinstruction.Ifthecarrybitissetorifthevalueofbits
03exceed9,0x06isaddedtotheaccumulator.Ifthecarrybitwassetwhentheinstructionbegan,orif0x06wasadded
totheaccumulatorinthefirststep,0x60isaddedtotheaccumulator.
TheCarrybit(C)issetiftheresultingvalueisgreaterthan0x99,otherwiseitiscleared.
SeeAlso:ADD,ADDC

8051InstructionSet:DEC
Operation: DEC
Function: DecrementRegister
Syntax:
DECregister
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

DECA

0x14

None

DECiramaddr

0x15

None

DEC@R0

0x16

None

DEC@R1

0x17

None

DECR0

0x18

None

DECR1

0x19

None

DECR2

0x1A

None

DECR3

0x1B

None

DECR4

0x1C

None

DECR5

0x1D

None

DECR6

0x1E

None

DECR7

0x1F

None

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8051InstructionSet

Description:DECdecrementsthevalueofregisterby1.Iftheinitialvalueofregisteris0,decrementingthevaluewill
causeittoresetto255(0xFFHex).Note:TheCarryFlagisNOTsetwhenthevalue"rollsover"from0to255.
SeeAlso:INC,SUBB

8051InstructionSet:DIV
Operation: DIV
Function: DivideAccumulatorbyB
Syntax:
DIVAB
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
DIVAB

0x84

C,OV

Description:DividestheunsignedvalueoftheAccumulatorbytheunsignedvalueofthe"B"register.Theresulting
quotientisplacedintheAccumulatorandtheremainderisplacedinthe"B"register.
TheCarryflag(C)isalwayscleared.
TheOverflowflag(OV)issetifdivisionby0wasattempted,otherwiseitiscleared.
SeeAlso:MULAB

8051InstructionSet:DJNZ
Operation: DJNZ
Function: DecrementandJumpifNotZero
Syntax:
DJNZregister,reladdr
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

DJNZiramaddr,reladdr

0xD5

None

DJNZR0,reladdr

0xD8

None

DJNZR1,reladdr

0xD9

None

DJNZR2,reladdr

0xDA

None

DJNZR3,reladdr

0xDB

None

DJNZR4,reladdr

0xDC

None

DJNZR5,reladdr

0xDD

None

DJNZR6,reladdr

0xDE

None

DJNZR7,reladdr

0xDF

None

Description:DJNZdecrementsthevalueofregisterby1.Iftheinitialvalueofregisteris0,decrementingthevalue
willcauseittoresetto255(0xFFHex).Ifthenewvalueofregisterisnot0theprogramwillbranchtotheaddress
indicatedbyrelativeaddr.Ifthenewvalueofregisteris0programflowcontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingthe
DJNZinstruction.
SeeAlso:DEC,JZ,JNZ

8051InstructionSet:INC
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8051InstructionSet

Operation: INC
Function: IncrementRegister
Syntax:
INCregister
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

INCA

0x04

None

INCiramaddr

0x05

None

INC@R0

0x06

None

INC@R1

0x07

None

INCR0

0x08

None

INCR1

0x09

None

INCR2

0x0A

None

INCR3

0x0B

None

INCR4

0x0C

None

INCR5

0x0D

None

INCR6

0x0E

None

INCR7

0x0F

None

INCDPTR

0xA3

None

Description:INCincrementsthevalueofregisterby1.Iftheinitialvalueofregisteris255(0xFFHex),incrementing
thevaluewillcauseittoresetto0.Note:TheCarryFlagisNOTsetwhenthevalue"rollsover"from255to0.
Inthecaseof"INCDPTR",thevaluetwobyteunsignedintegervalueofDPTRisincremented.Iftheinitialvalueof
DPTRis65535(0xFFFFHex),incrementingthevaluewillcauseittoresetto0.Again,theCarryFlagisNOTsetwhen
thevalueofDPTR"rollsover"from65535to0.
SeeAlso:ADD,ADDC,DEC

8051InstructionSet:JB
Operation: JB
Function: JumpifBitSet
Syntax:
JBbitaddr,reladdr
Instructions
JBbitaddr,reladdr

OpCode Bytes Flags


0x20

None

Description:JBbranchestotheaddressindicatedbyreladdrifthebitindicatedbybitaddrisset.Ifthebitisnotset
programexecutioncontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingtheJBinstruction.
SeeAlso:JBC,JNB

8051InstructionSet:JBC
Operation: JBC
Function: JumpifBitSetandClearBit
Syntax:
JBbitaddr,reladdr
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8051InstructionSet

Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

JBCbitaddr,reladdr

0x10

None

Description:JBCwillbranchtotheaddressindicatedbyreladdrifthebitindicatedbybitaddrisset.Beforebranching
toreladdrtheinstructionwillcleartheindicatedbit.Ifthebitisnotsetprogramexecutioncontinueswiththe
instructionfollowingtheJBCinstruction.
SeeAlso:JB,JNB

8051InstructionSet:JC
Operation: JC
Function: JumpifCarrySet
Syntax:
JCreladdr
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
JCreladdr

0x40

None

Description:JCwillbranchtotheaddressindicatedbyreladdriftheCarryBitisset.IftheCarryBitisnotsetprogram
executioncontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingtheJCinstruction.
SeeAlso:JNC

8051InstructionSet:JMP
Operation: JMP
Function: JumptoDataPointer+Accumulator
Syntax:
JMP@A+DPTR
Instructions
JMP@A+DPTR

OpCode Bytes Flags


0x73

None

Description:JMPjumpsunconditionallytotheaddressrepresentedbythesumofthevalueofDPTRandthevalueof
theAccumulator.
SeeAlso:LJMP,AJMP,SJMP

8051InstructionSet:JNB
Operation: JNB
Function: JumpifBitNotSet
Syntax:
JNBbitaddr,reladdr
Instructions
JNBbitaddr,reladdr

OpCode Bytes Flags


0x30

None

Description:JNBwillbranchtotheaddressindicatedbyreladdressiftheindicatedbitisnotset.Ifthebitisset
programexecutioncontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingtheJNBinstruction.
SeeAlso:JB,JBC
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8051InstructionSet

8051InstructionSet:JNC
Operation: JNC
Function: JumpifCarryNotSet
Syntax:
JNCreladdr
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
JNCreladdr

0x50

None

Description:JNCbranchestotheaddressindicatedbyreladdrifthecarrybitisnotset.Ifthecarrybitissetprogram
executioncontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingtheJNBinstruction.
SeeAlso:JC

8051InstructionSet:JNZ
Operation: JNZ
Function: JumpifAccumulatorNotZero
Syntax:
JNZreladdr
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
JNZreladdr

0x70

None

Description:JNZwillbranchtotheaddressindicatedbyreladdriftheAccumulatorcontainsanyvalueexcept0.Ifthe
valueoftheAccumulatoriszeroprogramexecutioncontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingtheJNZinstruction.
SeeAlso:JZ

8051InstructionSet:JZ
Operation: JZ
Function: JumpifAccumulatorZero
Syntax:
JNZreladdr
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
JZreladdr

0x60

None

Description:JZbranchestotheaddressindicatedbyreladdriftheAccumulatorcontainsthevalue0.Ifthevalueofthe
AccumulatorisnonzeroprogramexecutioncontinueswiththeinstructionfollowingtheJNZinstruction.
SeeAlso:JNZ

8051InstructionSet:LCALL
Operation: LCALL
Function: LongCall
Syntax:
LCALLcodeaddr
Instructions
LCALLcodeaddr

OpCode Bytes Flags


0x12

None

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8051InstructionSet

Description:LCALLcallsaprogramsubroutine.LCALLincrementstheprogramcounterby3(topointtothe
instructionfollowingLCALL)andpushesthatvalueontothestack(lowbytefirst,highbytesecond).TheProgram
Counteristhensettothe16bitvaluewhichfollowstheLCALLopcode,causingprogramexecutiontocontinueatthat
address.
SeeAlso:ACALL,RET

8051InstructionSet:LJMP
Operation: LJMP
Function: LongJump
Syntax:
LJMPcodeaddr
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

LJMPcodeaddr

0x02

None

Description:LJMPjumpsunconditionallytothespecifiedcodeaddr.
SeeAlso:AJMP,SJMP,JMP

8051InstructionSet:MOV
Operation: MOV
Function: MoveMemory
Syntax:
MOVoperand1,operand2
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

MOV@R0,#data

0x76

None

MOV@R1,#data

0x77

None

MOV@R0,A

0xF6

None

MOV@R1,A

0xF7

None

MOV@R0,iramaddr

0xA6

None

MOV@R1,iramaddr

0xA7

None

MOVA,#data

0x74

None

MOVA,@R0

0xE6

None

MOVA,@R1

0xE7

None

MOVA,R0

0xE8

None

MOVA,R1

0xE9

None

MOVA,R2

0xEA

None

MOVA,R3

0xEB

None

MOVA,R4

0xEC

None

MOVA,R5

0xED

None

MOVA,R6

0xEE

None

MOVA,R7

0xEF

None

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8051InstructionSet

MOVA,iramaddr

0xE5

None

MOVC,bitaddr

0xA2

MOVDPTR,#data16

0x90

None

MOVR0,#data

0x78

None

MOVR1,#data

0x79

None

MOVR2,#data

0x7A

None

MOVR3,#data

0x7B

None

MOVR4,#data

0x7C

None

MOVR5,#data

0x7D

None

MOVR6,#data

0x7E

None

MOVR7,#data

0x7F

None

MOVR0,A

0xF8

None

MOVR1,A

0xF9

None

MOVR2,A

0xFA

None

MOVR3,A

0xFB

None

MOVR4,A

0xFC

None

MOVR5,A

0xFD

None

MOVR6,A

0xFE

None

MOVR7,A

0xFF

None

MOVR0,iramaddr

0xA8

None

MOVR1,iramaddr

0xA9

None

MOVR2,iramaddr

0xAA

None

MOVR3,iramaddr

0xAB

None

MOVR4,iramaddr

0xAC

None

MOVR5,iramaddr

0xAD

None

MOVR6,iramaddr

0xAE

None

MOVR7,iramaddr

0xAF

None

MOVbitaddr,C

0x92

None

MOViramaddr,#data

0x75

None

MOViramaddr,@R0

0x86

None

MOViramaddr,@R1

0x87

None

MOViramaddr,R0

0x88

None

MOViramaddr,R1

0x89

None

MOViramaddr,R2

0x8A

None

MOViramaddr,R3

0x8B

None

MOViramaddr,R4

0x8C

None

MOViramaddr,R5

0x8D

None

MOViramaddr,R6

0x8E

None

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8051InstructionSet

MOViramaddr,R7

0x8F

None

MOViramaddr,A

0xF5

None

MOViramaddr,iramaddr

0x85

None

Description:MOVcopiesthevalueofoperand2intooperand1.Thevalueofoperand2isnotaffected.Bothoperand1
andoperand2mustbeinInternalRAM.Noflagsareaffectedunlesstheinstructionismovingthevalueofabitintothe
carrybitinwhichcasethecarrybitisaffectedorunlesstheinstructionismovingavalueintothePSWregister(which
containsalltheprogramflags).
**Note:Inthecaseof"MOViramaddr,iramaddr",theoperandbytesoftheinstructionarestoredinreverseorder.
Thatis,theinstructionconsistingofthebytes0x85,0x20,0x50means"MovethecontentsofInternalRAMlocation
0x20toInternalRAMlocation0x50"whereastheoppositewouldbegenerallypresumed.
SeeAlso:MOVC,MOVX,XCH,XCHD,PUSH,POP

8051InstructionSet:MOVC
Operation: MOVC
Function: MoveCodeBytetoAccumulator
Syntax:
MOVCA,@A+register
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

MOVCA,@A+DPTR

0x93

None

MOVCA,@A+PC

0x83

None

Description:MOVCmovesabytefromCodeMemoryintotheAccumulator.TheCodeMemoryaddressfromwhich
thebytewillbemovediscalculatedbysummingthevalueoftheAccumulatorwitheitherDPTRortheProgram
Counter(PC).InthecaseoftheProgramCounter,PCisfirstincrementedby1beforebeingsummedwiththe
Accumulator.
SeeAlso:MOV,MOVX

8051InstructionSet:MOVX
Operation: MOVX
Function: MoveDataTo/FromExternalMemory(XRAM)
Syntax:
MOVXoperand1,operand2
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

MOVX@DPTR,A

0xF0

None

MOVX@R0,A

0xF2

None

MOVX@R1,A

0xF3

None

MOVXA,@DPTR

0xE0

None

MOVXA,@R0

0xE2

None

MOVXA,@R1

0xE3

None

Description:MOVXmovesabytetoorfromExternalMemoryintoorfromtheAccumulator.
Ifoperand1is@DPTR,theAccumulatorismovedtothe16bitExternalMemoryaddressindicatedbyDPTR.This
instructionusesbothP0(port0)andP2(port2)tooutputthe16bitaddressanddata.Ifoperand2isDPTRthenthe
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8051InstructionSet

byteismovedfromExternalMemoryintotheAccumulator.
Ifoperand1is@R0or@R1,theAccumulatorismovedtothe8bitExternalMemoryaddressindicatedbythe
specifiedRegister.ThisinstructionusesonlyP0(port0)tooutputthe8bitaddressanddata.P2(port2)isnotaffected.
Ifoperand2is@R0or@R1thenthebyteismovedfromExternalMemoryintotheAccumulator.
SeeAlso:MOV,MOVC

8051InstructionSet:MUL
Operation: MUL
Function: MultiplyAccumulatorbyB
Syntax:
MULAB
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
MULAB

0xA4

C,OV

Description:MultiplestheunsignedvalueoftheAccumulatorbytheunsignedvalueofthe"B"register.Theleast
significantbyteoftheresultisplacedintheAccumulatorandthemostsignificantbyteisplacedinthe"B"register.
TheCarryFlag(C)isalwayscleared.
TheOverflowFlag(OV)issetiftheresultisgreaterthan255(ifthemostsignificantbyteisnotzero),otherwiseitis
cleared.
SeeAlso:DIV

8051InstructionSet:NOP
Operation: NOP
Function: None,wastetime
Syntax:
NoOperation
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
NOP

0x00

None

Description:NOP,asit'snamesuggests,causesNoOperationtotakeplaceforonemachinecycle.NOPisgenerally
usedonlyfortimingpurposes.Absolutelynoflagsorregistersareaffected.

8051InstructionSet:ORL
Operation: ORL
Function: BitwiseOR
Syntax:
ORLoperand1,operand2
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

ORLiramaddr,A

0x42

None

ORLiramaddr,#data

0x43

None

ORLA,#data

0x44

None

ORLA,iramaddr

0x45

None

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8051InstructionSet

ORLA,@R0

0x46

None

ORLA,@R1

0x47

None

ORLA,R0

0x48

None

ORLA,R1

0x49

None

ORLA,R2

0x4A

None

ORLA,R3

0x4B

None

ORLA,R4

0x4C

None

ORLA,R5

0x4D

None

ORLA,R6

0x4E

None

ORLA,R7

0x4F

None

ORLC,bitaddr

0x72

ORLC,/bitaddr

0xA0

Description:ORLdoesabitwise"OR"operationbetweenoperand1andoperand2,leavingtheresultingvaluein
operand1.Thevalueofoperand2isnotaffected.Alogical"OR"comparesthebitsofeachoperandandsetsthe
correspondingbitintheresultingbyteifthebitwassetineitheroftheoriginaloperands,otherwisetheresultingbitis
cleared.
SeeAlso:ANL,XRL

8051InstructionSet:POP
Operation: POP
Function: PopValueFromStack
Syntax:
POP
Instructions
POPiramaddr

OpCode Bytes Flags


0xD0

None

Description:POP"pops"thelastvalueplacedonthestackintotheiramaddrspecified.Inotherwords,POPwillload
iramaddrwiththevalueoftheInternalRAMaddresspointedtobythecurrentStackPointer.Thestackpointeristhen
decrementedby1.
SeeAlso:PUSH

8051InstructionSet:PUSH
Operation: PUSH
Function: PushValueOntoStack
Syntax:
PUSH
Instructions
PUSHiramaddr

OpCode Bytes Flags


0xC0

None

Description:PUSH"pushes"thevalueofthespecifiediramaddrontothestack.PUSHfirstincrementsthevalueof
theStackPointerby1,thentakesthevaluestorediniramaddrandstoresitinInternalRAMatthelocationpointedto
bytheincrementedStackPointer.
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8051InstructionSet

SeeAlso:POP

8051InstructionSet:RET
Operation: RET
Function: ReturnFromSubroutine
Syntax:
RET
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
RET

0x22

None

Description:RETisusedtoreturnfromasubroutinepreviouslycalledbyLCALLorACALL.Programexecution
continuesattheaddressthatiscalculatedbypoppingthetopmost2bytesoffthestack.Themostsignificantbyteis
poppedoffthestackfirst,followedbytheleastsignificantbyte.
SeeAlso:LCALL,ACALL,RETI

8051InstructionSet:RETI
Operation: RETI
Function: ReturnFromInterrupt
Syntax:
RETI
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
RETI

0x32

None

Description:RETIisusedtoreturnfromaninterruptserviceroutine.RETIfirstenablesinterruptsofequalandlower
prioritiestotheinterruptthatisterminating.Programexecutioncontinuesattheaddressthatiscalculatedbypopping
thetopmost2bytesoffthestack.Themostsignificantbyteispoppedoffthestackfirst,followedbytheleast
significantbyte.
RETIfunctionsidenticallytoRETifitisexecutedoutsideofaninterruptserviceroutine.
SeeAlso:RET

8051InstructionSet:RL
Operation: RL
Function: RotateAccumulatorLeft
Syntax:
RLA
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
RLA

0x23

Description:ShiftsthebitsoftheAccumulatortotheleft.Theleftmostbit(bit7)oftheAccumulatorisloadedintobit
0.
SeeAlso:RLC,RR,RRC

8051InstructionSet:RLC
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8051InstructionSet

Operation: RLC
Function: RotateAccumulatorLeftThroughCarry
Syntax:
RLCA
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
RLCA

0x33

Description:ShiftsthebitsoftheAccumulatortotheleft.Theleftmostbit(bit7)oftheAccumulatorisloadedinto
theCarryFlag,andtheoriginalCarryFlagisloadedintobit0oftheAccumulator.Thisfunctioncanbeusedtoquickly
multiplyabyteby2.
SeeAlso:RL,RR,RRC

8051InstructionSet:RR
Operation: RR
Function: RotateAccumulatorRight
Syntax:
RRA
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
RRA

0x03

None

Description:ShiftsthebitsoftheAccumulatortotheright.Therightmostbit(bit0)oftheAccumulatorisloadedinto
bit7.
SeeAlso:RL,RLC,RRC

8051InstructionSet:RRC
Operation: RRC
Function: RotateAccumulatorRightThroughCarry
Syntax:
RRCA
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
RRCA

0x13

Description:ShiftsthebitsoftheAccumulatortotheright.Therightmostbit(bit0)oftheAccumulatorisloadedinto
theCarryFlag,andtheoriginalCarryFlagisloadedintobit7.Thisfunctioncanbeusedtoquicklydivideabyteby2.
SeeAlso:RL,RLC,RR

8051InstructionSet:SETB
Operation: SETB
Function: SetBit
Syntax:
SETBbitaddr
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

SETBC

0xD3

SETBbitaddr

0xD2

None

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8051InstructionSet

Description:Setsthespecifiedbit.
SeeAlso:CLR

8051InstructionSet:SJMP
Operation: SJMP
Function: ShortJump
Syntax:
SJMPreladdr
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
SJMPreladdr

0x80

None

Description:SJMPjumpsunconditionallytotheaddressspecifiedreladdr.Reladdrmustbewithin128or+127bytes
oftheinstructionthatfollowstheSJMPinstruction.
SeeAlso:LJMP,AJMP

8051InstructionSet:SUBB
Operation: SUBB
Function: SubtractfromAccumulatorWithBorrow
Syntax:
SUBBA,operand
Instructions

OpCode Bytes

Flags

SUBBA,#data

0x94

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,iramaddr

0x95

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,@R0

0x96

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,@R1

0x97

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R0

0x98

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R1

0x99

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R2

0x9A

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R3

0x9B

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R4

0x9C

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R5

0x9D

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R6

0x9E

C,AC,OV

SUBBA,R7

0x9F

C,AC,OV

Description:SUBBsubtractthevalueofoperandfromthevalueoftheAccumulator,leavingtheresultingvalueinthe
Accumulator.Thevalueoperandisnotaffected.
TheCarryBit(C)issetifaborrowwasrequiredforbit7,otherwiseitiscleared.Inotherwords,iftheunsignedvalue
beingsubtractedisgreaterthantheAccumulatortheCarryFlagisset.
TheAuxillaryCarry(AC)bitissetifaborrowwasrequiredforbit3,otherwiseitiscleared.Inotherwords,thebitis
setifthelownibbleofthevaluebeingsubtractedwasgreaterthanthelownibbleoftheAccumulator.

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8051InstructionSet

TheOverflow(OV)bitissetifaborrowwasrequiredforbit6orforbit7,butnotboth.Inotherwords,thesubtraction
oftwosignedbytesresultedinavalueoutsidetherangeofasignedbyte(128to127).Otherwiseitiscleared.
SeeAlso:ADD,ADDC,DEC

8051InstructionSet:SWAP
Operation: SWAP
Function: SwapAccumulatorNibbles
Syntax:
SWAPA
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
SWAPA

0xC4

None

Description:SWAPswapsbits03oftheAccumulatorwithbits47oftheAccumulator.Thisinstructionisidenticalto
executing"RRA"or"RLA"fourtimes.
SeeAlso:RL,RLC,RR,RRC

8051InstructionSet:UndefinedInstruction
Operation: UndefinedInstruction
Function: Undefined
Syntax:
???
Instructions OpCode Bytes Flags
???

0xA5

Description:The"Undefined"instructionis,asthenamesuggests,notadocumentedinstruction.The8051supports
255instructionsandOpCode0xA5isthesingleOpCodethatisnotusedbyanydocumentedfunction.Sinceitisnot
documentednordefineditisnotrecommendedthatitbeexecuted.However,basedonmyresearch,executingthis
undefinedinstructiontakes1machinecycleandappearstohavenoeffectonthesystemexceptthattheCarryBit
alwaysseemstobeset.
Note:Wereceivedinputfroman8052.comuserthattheundefinedinstructionreallyhasaformatofUndefinedbit1,bit2
andeffectivelycopiesthevalueofbit2tobit1.Inthiscase,itwouldbeathreebyteinstruction.Wehaven'thadan
opportunitytoverifyordisprovethisreport,sowepresentittotheworldas"additionalinformation."
Note:IthasbeenreportedthatPhilips8051modelP89C669usesinstructionprefix0xA5tolettheuseraccessa
different(extended)SFRarea.

8051InstructionSet:XCH
Operation: XCH
Function: ExchangeBytes
Syntax:
XCHA,register
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

XCHA,@R0

0xC6

None

XCHA,@R1

0xC7

None

XCHA,R0

0xC8

None

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8051InstructionSet

XCHA,R1

0xC9

None

XCHA,R2

0xCA

None

XCHA,R3

0xCB

None

XCHA,R4

0xCC

None

XCHA,R5

0xCD

None

XCHA,R6

0xCE

None

XCHA,R7

0xCF

None

XCHA,iramaddr

0xC5

None

Description:ExchangesthevalueoftheAccumulatorwiththevaluecontainedinregister.
SeeAlso:MOV

8051InstructionSet:XCHD
Operation: XCHD
Function: ExchangeDigit
Syntax:
XCHDA,[@R0/@R1]
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

XCHDA,@R0

0xD6

None

XCHDA,@R1

0xD7

None

Description:Exchangesbits03oftheAccumulatorwithbits03oftheInternalRAMaddresspointedtoindirectlyby
R0orR1.Bits47ofeachregisterareunaffected.
SeeAlso:DA

8051InstructionSet:XRL
Operation: XRL
Function: BitwiseExclusiveOR
Syntax:
XRLoperand1,operand2
Instructions

OpCode Bytes Flags

XRLiramaddr,A

0x62

None

XRLiramaddr,#data

0x63

None

XRLA,#data

0x64

None

XRLA,iramaddr

0x65

None

XRLA,@R0

0x66

None

XRLA,@R1

0x67

None

XRLA,R0

0x68

None

XRLA,R1

0x69

None

XRLA,R2

0x6A

None

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8051InstructionSet

XRLA,R3

0x6B

None

XRLA,R4

0x6C

None

XRLA,R5

0x6D

None

XRLA,R6

0x6E

None

XRLA,R7

0x6F

None

Description:XRLdoesabitwise"EXCLUSIVEOR"operationbetweenoperand1andoperand2,leavingtheresulting
valueinoperand1.Thevalueofoperand2isnotaffected.Alogical"EXCLUSIVEOR"comparesthebitsofeach
operandandsetsthecorrespondingbitintheresultingbyteifthebitwassetineither(butnotboth)oftheoriginal
operands,otherwisethebitiscleared.
SeeAlso:ANL,ORL

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