Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Youth
September 2016
Volume 8 Number 3
HONG KONG
Cyber Deviance
Contents
OVERVIEW
4 Cyber deviance Between illicit and illegal
Volume 8 Number 3
INSIGHT
7 Scams and swindlers
9
YOUTH SPEAK
14 Vulnerable targets: victims online
Blackmailing Jack; Cyberbullying Tina
7-13
4-6
INSIGHT
OVERVIEW
ON THE AGENDA
Criminalizing cyberbullying
18 Loopholes in legislative framework
18-27
14-17
Stephanie Hung
ON THE AGENDA
PERSPECTIVES
YOUTH SPEAK
PERSPECTIVES
21 Frontline reports from HKFYG
28-37
TALKING POINT
36 What does Brexit mean?
YOUTH WATCH
28 Online and at risk: international statistics
HKFYG
40 Books and boutiques without boundaries
CITY SPACE
32 Accessorize the athletic way
Gary Heilbronn
Jennifer Lam
Joy Pamnani
Jean Letterman
Cyrus Cheng
EDITORIAL BOARD
Rosanna Wong
Elaine Morgan (Editor)
Ada Chau (Assistant Editor)
William Chung
Andy Ho
Lakshmi Jacot
Angela Ngai
Hon Advisers
Henry Poon
Veronica Pearson
OTHER CONTRIBUTORS
Stephanie Hung
Andrew Lau
Gary Heilbronn
Virginia Addison
Joy Pamnani
Felix Chan
Mindy Li
HKFYG Youth Research Centre
CIRCULATION (unaudited)
11,000-12,000 in Hong Kong,
throughout the region and overseas
VIEWS EXPRESSED are the authors and
interviewees, may come from official sources,
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
editorial board or publisher
REPRODUCTION OF CONTENTS
without written permission from the publisher
is prohibited
YOUTH WATCH
CITY SPACE
Mindy Li
TRANSLATION
Ada Chau & Angela Ngai
PHOTOGRAPHS
Acknowledged as captioned, pixabay, stock
images, or in public domain
TRADEMARKS
All brand names and product names are
registered trademarks. Youth Hong Kong is
not associated with any product or vendor
mentioned in articles.
ARTWORK, DESIGN, LAYOUT & PRINTING
nestworkshop
38-51
CULTURE
HKFYG
ISSN 2071-3193
WEB youthhongkong.hkfyg.org.hk
CORRESPONDENCE to The Editor, Youth Hong Kong,
21/F, The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
Building, 21 Pak Fuk Road, North Point, Hong Kong
TEL 3755 7084, 3755 7108
FAX 3755 7155
EMAIL youthhongkong@hkfyg.org.hk
ADVERTISING enquiries to Ada Chau 3755 7108
The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups was
founded in 1960 and is the citys largest non-profit
youth organization. Its programmes and activities at
over 60 locations have annual attendance of 5 million.
CORE SERVICES Youth SPOTs, M21 Multimedia
Services, Employment Services, Youth at Risk
Services, Counselling Services, Parenting Services,
Leadership Training, Volunteer Services, Education
Services, Creativity Education and Youth Exchange,
Leisure, Cultural and Sports Services, Research and
Publications
WEB hkfyg.org.hk, m21.hk
Editorial
There is a dark side to using the internet and social media. Cyber deviance and cybercrime
including cyberbullying and blackmail, trolling and phishing, hacking and pornography are
not just fringe events that happen to other people. They have become mainstream and can
affect very ordinary people in their everyday lives.
As young people are the greatest consumers of technology, the risks and temptations they
face are increasing day by day so it becomes a critical challenge for us all to know how to
protect potential victims and how to punish perpetrators, especially when legislation and
legal recourse have not kept up with the growth and breadth of deviant cyber activities.
This issue of Youth Hong Kong explores the Hong Kong context of cyber deviance, looking
at prevention, awareness and education, the loopholes in the law and the impact on
victims. Experts offer suggestions on what might be changed in order to make cyber space
a less threatening and safer place, especially for young people.
What are your experiences and what do you think should and could be done? Please let us
know. Together we need to act on what is already a worrying development. Let it not get
even worse.
Dr Rosanna Wong, DBE, JP
Executive Director, HKFYG
September 2016
Overview
Cyber deviance
between illicit and illegal
I
Activities monitored
by percentage of parents
by percentage of parents
Websites visited
Social media profiles
Messages and phone calls
61%
60%
48%
39%
16%
16%
Source pewinternet.org/2016/01/07/parents-teens-and-digital-monitoring
16
17
Crofts, T & Lee, M 2013.Sexting: children and child pornography. Sydney Law Review 35(1): 85106, 2013.
Richet, Jean-Loup. From young hackers to crackers. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 9(3), 53-62, 2013.
scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1983136/underage-girls-rape-and-handbags-inside-murky-world-hong
HKFYG and City University of Hong Kong. Cyber-crime and cyber deviance among adolescents in Hong Kong (in Chinese) July 2013. Synopsis quoted in Alarm
over youth cybercrime South China Morning Post, 12 July 2013. scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1280501/alarm-over-youth-cyber-crime
Lee, M, et al. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, December 2015. aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/501-520/tandi508.html
mirror.co.uk/tech/teenage-cybercrime-wave-sweeps-britain-7332893
pewinternet.org/2016/01/07/parents-teens-and-digital-monitoring
kaspersky.com/about/news/product/2016/One-in-Two-Children-Hide-Risky-Online-Behavior-from-Parents-Kaspersky-Lab-Research
nfo.gov.hk/gia/general/201312/23/P201312230575.htm
ycpc.hkfyg.org.hk/
Insight
2014
6,778
2015
6,862
2013
5,133
2012
3,015
2011
2,206
2010
1,643
2009
1,506
Source infosec.gov.hk/english/crime/statistics.html
Types of
crime
Social Media
Deception
Blackmail
("naked chat")
Number of
cases 2015
Financial loss
(HK$ million)
1,422
60
1,098
3.5
Source police.gov.hk/ppp_en/01_about_us/cp_ye.html
Insight
H
ong Kong people of all ages are very receptive to new
technology but new weaknesses, especially in mobile
devices, are revealed regularly. These are causing a rise in
online personal banking fraud and Michael Leung says the
risks mean we all need to stay vigilant.Young people know
about the traps but I think they are less risk-averse than the
older generation. They have less to lose.
Not only should we be alert, we also need to be aware of the
extent of cybercrime and the prevalence of malware.
According to IBMs security team, cybercrime will become
a US$2.1 trillion problem by 2019. The sophistication of
threats to mobile devices is set to escalate, as are incidents of
credit card fraud, even with Chip-and-PIN security measures.1
123456
Further reading
10
1.securityintelligence.com/2016-cybercrime-reloaded-our-predictions-forthe-year-ahead/
2. cybersecurity.hk/en/about.php
3.trustedreviews.com/opinions/what-is-jailbreaking-android-ios-exploitsexplained
4.polyu.edu.hk/its/general-information/newsletter/58-year-2014/june-14/187top-10-most-commonly-used-and-worst-passwords-are-you-using123456-as-password
5.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1982323/crooked-pumpand-dump-trades-double-hk53m-hong-kong
6. hkcybersecuritycompetition2016.net/en/
Insight
Hacker profiles
White Hats are self-styled vigilantes seeking out flaws in IT
systems and software and helping to solve them for the
common good. They are often security researchers who, when
they discover a vulnerability in software, notify the vendor so
that the hole can be patched.
Black Hats are criminals who find or develop software
weaknesses and methods to break into computers or
networks and steal data including passwords, email,
intellectual property, credit card details and bank account
credentials. They also sell information to other criminals.
Grey Hats fall into the middle ground between the other
categories. They sell or disclose software and system
vulnerabilities to governments which then use those security
flaws to hack into the systems of adversaries or criminal
suspects.
Script kiddies or skiddies are unskilled hackers who
vandalize websites for the thrill of it and to impress their
friends. They use scripts or programmes available in the dark
web to attack computer systems and networks and deface
websites. It is generally assumed that script kiddies are
juveniles but the term does not relate to the actual age of the
participant.
Sources
wired.com/2016/04/hacker-lexicon-white-hat-gray-hat-black-hat-en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Script_kiddie
wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_hacker
11
Francesca Bosco
10-15
10-20Francesca
12
Insight
13
Youth speak
Vulnerable targets
victims online
Jack got involved in naked chat blackmail or sextortion.
Tina has been relentlessly cyberbullied by an ex-boyfriend.
How did their problems start and where will they end?
Jack: predators prey
14
by Jull flickr.com/photos/julishannon/2142768708/
24Jack
Project iSmart
Jack
Jack
Jack
15
by beryl_snw flickr.com/photos/beryl_snw/12496710745/
16
Tina
Tina
TinaTina
TinaTinaTina
Tina
17
On the agenda
Criminalizing cyberbullying
In the absence of legislation to govern cyberbullying, discussion about possible
avenues of advance includes a Model Statute for Hong Kong schools and an
offence based on anti-stalking law say two young lawyers.
Although the internet may be abused, it also brings many benefits to society
and the school environment and schools should point this out.5 After all,
they are not only supposed to protect their students. They are also there to
inform, inspire and encourage. By fostering a positive environment at
school, and through healthy discussions and participation, more ways of
building a supportive system will become evident, thus helping students
grow and become responsible citizens.
Mui Thomas, a cyberbullying survivor and fighter, has set up a Facebook
page to let others suffering the crippling internet disease know theyre not
alone. The internet is a double-edged sword. I experienced so much hate
through it, but the support Ive received from strangers across the world is
amazingly empowering.6
StephanieAndrew
Stephanie
disqualifying a localist candidate from running in the 2016 Legislative Council election.
He was then subject to abusive posts which included deplorable suggestions about his
family. A barrister, calling the messages menacing not mere curses, said the suspect
could be prosecuted for intimidation and jailed for up to five years. If it were a youth,
lacking social experience, who only tried to make a joke, he or she could still be sued for
access to a computer with criminal or dishonest intent, for which the maximum penalty is
also five years in jail.1
Andrew
Stephanie Hung
1. Chu, J & Mok, D.Top economist from exclusive bank forced to change Hong Kong schools over daughters bullying: claims HK$500,000 spent in ordeal. South China Morning Post,
25 November 2015. scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/1883192/costly-experience-parents-girl-who-changed-hong-kong
2. HKSAR v Chan Yau Hei [2014] 17 HKCFAR 110 at 91
3. Von Mares, N and Petermann, F. Cyberbullying: An increasing challenge for schools. School Psychology International 33(5) pp.467476, 2012.
4. Anti-Defamation League. Cyberbullying prevention law: An ADL model statute. 2012. adl.org/assets/pdf/education-outreach/ADL-Cyberbullying-Prevention-Law-Model-Statute.pdf
5. Patchin, JW & and Hinduja, S. Bullying Today: Bullet points and best practices. California: Corwin, 2016.
6. Yuet, Yu. Girl behind the face tackles cyber bullies. South China Morning Post, 13 June 2016.
scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1974496/girl-behind-face-tackles-cyber-bullies#comments
Andrew Lau
1. Un, P. Sick online attacks on poll officer condemned. The Standard 2 August 2016.
2. Cyber-bullying (tracking down personal data) May Violate the Privacy Ordinance, Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong, 1 August 2016.
pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20160801.html
3. Paul, S et al. Investigating legal aspects of cyberbullying. Psicothema, 24(4) 40, 2012.
4. Campbell, M et al. A schools duty does this include cyberbullying? ANZTLE, 13(2), 21, 2008
5. The proposed offence is based vis--vis on the Centre for Comparative and Public Laws findings. See Centre for Comparative and Public Law, Study on the
Experience of Overseas Jurisdictions in Implementing Anti-Stalking Legislation, 2013.
6. Langos, C. Cyberbullying: The Challenge to Define. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 15 (6) 285, 2012.
20
Perspectives
Frontline report
HKFYG Youth Crime Prevention Centre staff, Wilson Chan and Ka Wu,
share reports of cybercrime. The cases are from projects run by the Centre with
the Hong Kong Police Force.
Imoney.
ts difficult to stereotype cyber-deviants. Some are clever students. Others are pimps, or girls in need of easy
They can be hackers or triads or just youngsters without a moral compass. Some find themselves
unwittingly on the margins of legitimate behaviour while others deliberately flout the law.
by Hldrmn flickr.com/photos/halderman/7349691184/
21
Nini
Nini
Dave
The Nini report comes from the HKFYG Youth Crime Prevention Centre
(YCPC) Project R. Its aim is to provide crisis intervention and counselling
for 10-24 year-olds under arrest who are being investigated by the police.
Services are intended to reduce the chance of recidivism during
investigation, reduce emotional problems and family conflict between
juveniles and relatives, and help young people and their parents handle
their problems. Daves case is from Project iSmart. Its aims are to prevent
youngsters falling prey to cyber criminals and being ensnared while online.
Both projects are run in collaboration with the Hong Kong Police Force.
Wilson Chan
22
Ka Wu
Perspectives
23
Gary Heibronn
Anonymous
WikiLeaks
Gary
Dark Web
Notes
1. Change.org is a petition website with popular topics including economic
and criminal justice, human rights, education, environmental protection,
animal rights, health, and sustainable food.
24
A mixed future
More intensive and globalized policing efforts to combat
cybercrime are bearing fruit. Interpol continues to have
various levels of success in fighting these crimes and has
recently arrested in Nigeria the ringleader of a global
network behind online scams and hundreds of people
involved in credit card, travel document and online
gambling scams. However, new strategies need to be
developed to minimize and punish the detrimental
effects of renrou sousuo, internet hate-speech and the like.
The serious crimes on the dark web are in another
category completely and require eternal vigilance.
Though they are punishable worldwide, they are
incredibly difficult to investigate and appear likely to be
with us for quite some time.
Perspectives
Online games
the good, the bad and the novelty
A few years ago, parents, counsellors and social workers were very concerned
about the possibility of youth addiction to online games. Hsu Siu-man
explains a changed perspective.
25
by Ryzom - flickr.com/photos/ryzom/14608349209/
Real life practical skills are part of the game, like building
and creating. It also has educational functions that allow
practice in coding and programming too.
Video games are not what they use to be. Gone are the days of
huddling in internet cafes. Now all we need is a smartphone and the
latest gaming craze app. Since Pokmon Go arrived in Hong Kong,
enthusiasts have been seen roaming the city, heads down, night and
day, looking for virtual creatures to capture. I was obsessed with the
game too, for a week, but now I see both good and bad sides.
They say Pokmon Go promotes exercise because gamers have to
walk, but they dont look where they are going. Its supposed to
encourage social interaction because it gives people of all ages a
common interest, but it does somewhat limit conversation. You might
say it adds a new dimension to friendship because friends try to beat
each other, chasing rare Pokmon creatures, but what value does that
add, really?
There could be better ways to spend, or waste, your time but whatever
your views, video games are not going away any time soon. There will
always be plenty of new ones and plenty of us playing them.
26
Catch-up on games
27
Youth watch
Hong Kong
28
Australia
Singapore
Cyberbullying In 2014, a third of children aged 13-18
had been a cyberbullying victim.19 WhatsApp is the
most popular social network.20
Legislation In 2014, cyber harassment and stalking was
made illegal. Victims may apply for Protection Orders
requiring harassers to stop causing further harm and
forcing them to remove offending material.21
Cheating In 2016, a 32 year-old Russian student was
jailed for 2 months when he was traced for hacking.22
When he realized he had done badly in exams, he
accessed his teachers eLearn accounts and deleted
examination scripts by other students, hoping for
another chance to sit the exam.
Cybercrime Victims of online credit-for-sex scams,
where mobile messages ask victims to purchase gift
cards or virtual credit in exchange for sexual services,
surged to 1,203 in 2015. There were losses of S$1.59
million in the first 6 months.23 There were also 383
cases of internet love scams involving losses of S$3.7
million.24 Criminal gangs use Facebook to recruit
vulnerable teens who are pressured to join because of
social media's visibility.25
by Christiaan Colen
flickr.com/photos/132889348@N07/21382577412/
29
South Korea
United Kingdom
30
In the news
Application fraud
Companies in mainland China which polish or ghostwrite
students university applications and tests have been
identified by Reuters. The students receive
Chinese-language advertisements by email and the
companies are also accused of cheating in online versions
of tests for courses including law and economics at
universities in Iowa, Washington, Alabama and
Pennsylvania.39 Under new legislation in mainland China,
students found guilty of cheating in the gao kau university
entrance exam are to face up to 7 years in prison.40
Hiding from parents
27% of 14-16 year-olds globally use tools available online
to anonymize their activity and 61% of this group say they
are constantly online. 13% of 8-16 year-olds in the US
and 5% globally admit to having downloaded prohibited of
illegal material.41
Human flesh searching
Naked pictures of a 31 year-old woman from Hebei
province in mainland China were posted on the internet
by a vengeful ex-boyfriend who claimed she was a
prostitute with AIDS. Then he posted her personal details
plus phone numbers of 200 people who had ostensibly
slept with her. She received abusive calls and death
threats and lost her job before the police revealed the case
as a hoax. Investigators found 157,000 web pages, 6,420
online reports and 735 video clips about her online and the
32 year-old ex-lover was sentenced to 3 years in prison
having been found guilty of slander.42
31
City space
wenty years back, exercise for the keen individual usually meant a session
in the gym or a hike in the hills. Now, with the growth of the fitness
industry, people can explore alternatives, squeezing exercise into hectic
schedules while monitoring progress with fitness wearables.
Once seen as a status symbol, today most wearable devices are a long-term
health investment. They act as an electronic finger on the pulse, monitoring
condition through heart rate, step count and calories, then providing
detailed summaries of workouts. Prices range from HK$400 upwards and it
is worth asking yourself before buying whether youre serious about fitness
or just want to look good.
Joy Pamnani takes a look at todays fitness industry and how it has transformed
not only how Hong Kong people stay fit but also the way fashion and accessories
can motivate them.
32
Added apps
The perfect workout playlist for your exercise routine is a
must especially for runners because speed of pace can
be linked to music tempo. Spotify, a music streaming
service, has a clever function that matches tempo and
workouts with playlists containing songs that have the
same rhythm. A few apps also allow you to make a few
bucks if you stick to your goals while others make
donations if you stay on track.
Both the Apple and Android app stores have software for
devices, many catering to those who want a workout
session involving weight loss, strength training or cardio.
Some apps are created by top trainers and most feature
simple videos of short workouts but a few boast an entire
online fitness community to connect with.
by Jareed flickr.com/photos/jareed/7885564472/
Joy Pamnani is an
aspiring young
journalist who hopes to
travel the world
33
City space
Leaders to Leaders
Youth empowerment in Russia, poverty alleviation in Mexico,
peace-building and disaster relief worldwide: these are just a few of the
careers of visiting young leaders in a new Federation initiative.
ummer 2016 saw a new departure for HKFYGs Leadership 21 centre when its Leaders to Leaders programme sent
invitations to young leaders around the world. Already, nine have visited and inspired youth here. The first group
included dynamic humanitarian project organizers, innovators, trainers, designers, developers and NGO founders.
Two are featured here and there will be more to follow.
34
More information
Street Store thestreetstore.org/
Facebook facebook.com/StreetDrobeHK/
Youth to Youth Initiative y2yinitiative.org/index.php
Leaders to Leaders leadership21-leaderstoleaders.com/
With 3,000+ applications so far and 60+ travel subsidies, this goal-oriented, eye-opening, mind-broadening, sponsored travel
programme moves forward into the next phase with new destinations and new horizons.
Age & group size 18-35; 2- 6 per team; half must be Hong Kong residents
Destinations
Asia including mainland China, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Middle East including Bahrain, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Saudi
Arabia
Subsidies
Applications
Apply m21.hk/friendship/backpacker/apply.php
Enquiries
35
Talking point
36
by Alex flic.kr/p/Jzt2iW
Intergenerational injustice
The EU referendum also provoked another argument.
Young city dwellers often find their views diametrically
opposed to those of the grassroots and this was no
exception. 53% of voters in the Brexit referendum aged
under 40 voted to remain in the EU. They were very
dissatisfied to learn that older generations had,
essentially, determined the future for younger generations.
In any fully democratic state, all votes carry equal
weight, giving citizens the opportunity and the
responsibility to contribute their vote. It is important for
every individual to participate so that results reflect the
views of the majority. Teaching the younger generation
that every vote matters is the key to a fair community.
Change is part of nature but sometimes we get a little
too comfortable with the present. Maybe the referendum
results would have been different if terrorists and wars
had not provoked a refugee crisis. Maybe young people
should have made more of an effort to vote, believing
that their views mattered. Maybe the reasons for holding
this referendum should have been more carefully
considered in the first place. But these are all maybes,
Mindy Li is a graduate of
St. Stephens College who
is now majoring in
International Studies at The
College of New Jersey.
37
Culture
38
Ready to Read
Literacy decreases inequality and breaks the cycle
of poverty. Still, half the schools in Africa have few
or no books. However, thanks to the increasing
ubiquity of digital technology, in sub-Saharan
African hundreds of schools and libraries now have
access to local African textbooks, storybooks, world
newspapers, and classics from around the world
via the Worldreader app. In partnership with
publishers and other charities like Camfed, this
initiative is scaling up and taking literacy into some
of the worlds most needy places.
On a personal level
I was an avid reader throughout childhood and a huge
fan of detective stories but at high school I was also too
busy to pick up a novel. Nowadays, I read a lot of online
news but it doesnt make up for the joy of being
absorbed in a book. For me, thats always like going on
an adventure, living with the main characters and solving
mysteries together.
I hope young people will discover a similar joy of
reading, be it in electronic or hard copy form. To quote
American novelist George R.R. Martin:
A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. The man
who never reads lives only one.
39
HKFYG publications
I chose the location - a shop opposite the Central Library because there are plenty of passers-by. That meant a high rent
so to save on costs, I had no staff to mind the shop and took
no days off in the first year except at Chinese New Year.
The need to cut costs wasnt Jerrys only problem. He was
ambitious. I had enrolled for a Chinese medicine degree
programme too and hoped I could somehow fit both the shop
and study into my life. But it didnt work and soon my degree
course leader told me either to keep my shop or focus on
study. For me, there was no choice. I quit the degree.
Address 6A, Moreton Terrace, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong
Facebook facebook.com/journalize
Opening hours Monday - Sunday 1pm - 9pm
41
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Introducing 10 local shops run
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and share a slower life that really
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43
LegCos performance
could do better
What do young people think of the roles and functions of the legislature ?
O
verall, young Hong Kong respondents find the running of the Legislative Council [LegCo] unsatisfactory and nearly
60% feel distrustful about it. Almost a third lament its lack of rational debate or complain about its disorderly procedure.
These problems are evident in the controversial filibustering used to block or delay the passage of government policies and
the unruly behaviour of certain members who are well-known for throwing bananas and bottles to deliberately disrupt
proceedings.
Comments
The think tank group involved in this report hope to see a more orderly, rational culture in future LegCo meetings.
An improved relationship with the government and more public engagement in LegCo affairs are also on their wants
list.
Richard Cheng, group convener Young peoples reservations about LegCo include lack of trust. Its time that the
legislature made more effort to engage the public and improve levels of both understanding and communication.
by Tksteven commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17242665
Ansel Lam, group member LegCo should raise the standard of debates and discussions in order to rebuild its image and
restore public trust.
44
Lifelong learning
blocks and hurdles
Comments
Employers need to be open to the needs of all employees
and educational institutions could be more flexible with
schedules and e-learning.
Janis Tong, group member Subsidies could be doubled
to HK$20,000 and the range and number of course sectors
could be increased to encourage lifelong learning.
Mac Chan, group member Tax concessions could be
offered to employers who support employees continuous
learning. Flexible timetables and online courses would be
convenient for those with irregular working hours.
Report No. 12 HKFYG Youth I.D.E.A.S. Education and Innovation
group. Young Peoples Views on Continuous Learning. 527 18-39
year-olds were polled in a territory-wide random survey. 20 were
interviewed as were four specialists.
Full details [in Chinese]
yrc.hkfyg.org.hk/news.aspx?id=93aad322-639a-49b9-b087-59458af5c46
f&corpname=yrc&i=9587)
49
45
Why dont Hong Kongs travel services diversify to respond to todays market?
Comments
70,000
60,000
60,839
Total
Mainland China
54,299
50,000
48,615
41,921
40,000
36,030
30,000
20,000
28,169
25,251
13,591 15,486
29,591
29,507
16,862
17,957
59,308
47,248
40,745
45,842
34,911
28,100
22,684
10,000
2006
number of visitors
46
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
source: http://partnernet.hktb.com/tc/home/index.html
HKFYG news
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HKFYG news
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youth entrepreneurship
HSBC Youth Business Award 2016 with new Innovative e-Business Award
Sole sponsor HSBC Commercial Banking
This award has been organized by HKFYG since 2011 to promote
entrepreneurship and recognize successful young Hong Kong entrepreneurs.
Winners have the best products or services, market positioning and
competitiveness, marketing and promotion tactics, management and business
strategies, finance and cost control.
Boaz International Education Institute
Special Education Needs (SEN) and Support
Training with a psychologist and social workers; special trainers for SEN
students
Combines experiential learning and active progress reviews
Main customers: schools, youth centres, commercial institutions
Monica Tsang Designs Ltd Ceramic design and sales
ybhk2.hkfyg.org.hk/ybaward2016/en/home/index.php
Publisher :
The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups
hkfyg.org.hkm21.hk
Youth Hong Kong: 21/F, The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups Building, 21 Pak Fuk Road, North Point, Hong Kong
Tel : 3755 70843755 7108Fax : 3755 7155Email : youthhongkong@hkfyg.org.hkWebsite : youthhongkong.hkfyg.org.hk
Soy-ink is made from soybeans and is both environmentally friendly and sustainable.
Soy-ink is biodegradable and non-toxic.