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Gas Reservoirs with Water Influx and Water and Rock Compressibilities
C + C w S wi
G (B g - B gi ) + GB gi f
pt + W e = G p B g + W p B w
1 - S wi
Let:
Cf
C e =
+ C w S wi
1 - S wi
p/z
(1 - C e pt ) + W e - W p Bw = G p
G 1 Bg
pi / z i
G p - W e W p Bw
Bg
Which suggests plotting (Gp - (We - Wp Bw)/Bg) on the x-axis versus p/z(1-Cept) on the
y-axis and drawing the best fit line through the set of points. The slope of the best fit line
would be -pi/(zi G) and the y-intercept would be pi/zi.
Homework #:
Name:
SS#:
Gp
MMM SCF
p
psia
Bg
bbl/SCF
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
2.305
20.257
49.719
80.134
105.930
135.350
157.110
178.300
192.089
205.744
2333
2321
2203
2028
1854
1711
1531
1418
1306
1227
1153
0.882
0.883
0.884
0.888
0.894
0.899
0.907
0.912
0.921
0.922
0.928
0.001,172
0.001,180
0.001,244
0.001,358
0.001,496
0.001,630
0.001,820
0.001,995
0.002,187
0.002,330
0.002,495
1)
Estimate the initial gas in place by the MB calculation with water
water and rock compressibilities
2)
influx and
Solution:
A) Prepare the following table:
p/z
We, bbl
GpBg - G(Bg-Bgi)
Gp - We/Bg
p/z(1-Cept)
2645.12
2628.54
2492.08
2283.78
2073.83
1903.23
1687.98
1554.82
1418.02
1330.80
1242.46
0.00E+00
1.62E+04
8.66E+05
4.66E+06
1.04E+07
1.79E+07
2.73E+07
3.53E+07
4.69E+07
5.62E+07
6.62E+07
0.00E+00
2.29E+09
1.96E+10
4.63E+10
7.32E+10
9.50E+10
1.20E+11
1.39E+11
1.57E+11
1.68E+11
1.79E+11
2645.12
2628.25
2489.11
2277.39
2064.71
1892.37
1675.56
1541.77
1404.66
1317.30
1229.01
Plot (Gp - We/Bg) on the x-axis versus p/z(1-Cept) on the y-axis and draw the best-fit
line through the set of points, see Fig. 5. The best-fit equation is: p/z = -7.92292x109
D) Discussion of results:
The amount of water influx was calculated on the assumption that the volumetric
calculation of the gas in place is valid. However, a more elaborate technique for water
influx calculation should be used. Such techniques will be covered in the "Water Influx"
chapter.
I.4
j=0
j=0
C e pt = C ej p j = C ej p j+1 - p j
p
1 - C ej p j =
z j=0
zi
pi
G p
zi G
zzi j=0 B g
pi
m= zi G
We
-W
Bg
B w
For high-pressure gas reservoirs with dissolved gas in water, Fetkovitch et al.
expressed the material balance equation as follows:
p
(1 - C e pt )= pi - pi / zi (G p - G I +W p Rsw ) - W e +W I Bw - W p Bw
z
G
zi
Bg
Where:
Ce =
C f + C tw S wi + M (C f + C tw )
1 - S wi
Cf =
1 V pi - V p 1 i -
V pi pi - p i pi - p
C tw =
1 Btw - Btwi
Btwi pi - p
Btw = B w + (R swi - R sw ) B g
"M" is defined as the associated water volume ratio. The associated water and
pore volumes external to the net pay include Non-Net Pay (NNP) such as interbedded
shales and dirty sands plus external water volume found in AQuifers. This volume is
expressed as a ratio relative to the pore volume of the net-pay reservoir; i.e.
M = M NNP + M AQ
M NNP =
V P AQ
V P RES
(r e2 )
In wet gas reservoirs, the stock tank barrels of the Liquid condensate produced
must be accounted for in the cumulative gas production. This is done as follows:
(G p )eff = G p + (G Lc K Lc )
Where:
(Gp)eff = Effective cumulative gas produced, SCF
Gp = Cumulative gas produced, SCF
GLc = Cumulative liquid condensate produced, STB
KLc = Liquid condensate conversion factor, SCF/STB, which is given by:
K Lc = 132,790
SG Lc
MW Lc
SG Lc =
141.5
131.5 + API
MW Lc =
5954
API - 8.8
API - 8.8
G Lc
131.5 + API
(G p )eff = G p + 3155.8255