Uploaded on 8th october 2016

CHAPTER 2 OPERATIONS ON RATIONAL

NUMBERS
RATIONAL NUMBERS WITH SAME
DENOMINATORS
If two rational numbers have same
denominators then,
P/q+r/q=p+q/q
RATIONAL NUMBERS HAVING DIFFERENT
DENOMINATORS
STEP 1:obtain a rational number and see
whether their denominators are positive or
not.
STEP 2: obtain the denominators of the
rational numbers in step 1.
STEP 3:find the LCM of denominators in step
2
STEP 4: express each one of the rational
numbers in step1
STEP 5:write a rational numbers whose
numerator is equal to the sum of the
numerator of rational numbers obtained in
step 4 and denominators as the LCM
obtained in step 3.
STEP 6:the rational number obtained in step
5 is the required sum.
ANOTHER METHOD FOR FINDING TWO
RATIONAL NUMBERS
If p/q and r/s are two rational numbers such
that q and s do not have any factor other
than 1,i.e. HCF of q and s is then,
P/q+r/s=p*s+q*r/q*s

Eg:
5/13+3/13=5*13+3*18/18*13=65+54/234=
119/234
For additon
Always remember when the sum are being
added they can be canceled when their
answer has come
PROPERTIES OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
When 0 is added to any rational number
the number comes itself
When grouping is changed the sum
remains same(known as associative law of
for addition)
When the order of addends is changed the
sum remains the same(known as the
commutative law for addition)
Every rational number has its additive
inverse
The arrangement does not alter the sum
Always remember that when you are asked
for an additive inverse ,you should
remember that an additive inverse is that
when subtracted from any number gives
the result as zero
For grouping associative law of
addition
For order commutative law of addition
SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBER
Subtracting x from y is same as adding
additive inverse of x and y

ADDITION
IN ADDITION RULES
ARE:
1. X+Y=Y+X known as
commutative law for
addition
2. (x+y)+z=x+(y+z)
known
as
associative law for
addition
3. When 0 is added to
any
rational
numbers ,the sum is
the number itself
4. Every rational has its
additive
inverse
such that their sum
equals to zero
5. Be
careful
while
calculating
MULTIPLICATION
1.In
multiplication
two
values
are
canceled and then
written and further
multiplied
2.Product
of
two
rational
numbers
remain the same
even if the order is
changed x*y=y*x
(commutative law)
3.product
remains

SUBTRACTION
IN
SUBTRATION
RULES ARE:
1. for rational numbers
x and y
X-y=-(y-x) i.e. the
commutative law does
not
hold
true
for
addition
2. Identity element of
subtraction does not
exist
3. The additive inverse
of addition does not
exist.
4. Be
careful
while
calculating

DIVISION
1.division does not
hold
distributive
,associative ,commutative
properties
2.Division of rational
numbers
by
another rational
Number is a rational
number
3.division of rational
number
by
the

the same even

after if we change
the grouping of
rational
numbers(associativ
e law)
4.Product of rational
numbers and zero
is zero i.e.
If x is any rational
number
Then x*0=0=0*x
5.1 is the identity
element
6.the
distributive
property
of
multiplication
X*y(y+z)=x*y+x*z

same
rational
number is ,as the
quotient is one
4.When divided by
zero is zero
5.When divided by 1
is the rational itself
( x y) z x z y z
( x y) z x y y z
6. ( x y ) z x z y z

Reciprocal of rational number

1.two rational numbers a/b b/a are
reciprocals of each other
2.To get reciprocals of given
numbers,simply interchange the
positions of integers numerators and
denominators
3.Reciprocal of 1 is 1
4.If x is any non- zero rational number,then
1

its reciprocal is denoted by x which is

equal to 1/x
Tips to keep confusion away while
making reciprocal

1.if you want to know whether a number is

reciprocal of a given number or not ,you
simply cancel out the digits for which you
have been asked to check for rational
number for reciprocal
2.eg: check if the reciprocal of -2/3 is 3/2 ?
Sol:we simply have to cancel out the digits
which are given ,if result is -1 the number
given will not be reciprocal of another
number
See -2/3 3/2=-1(after canceling out we will
get this)in this case we are getting -1 after
canceling process so,the answer is not
correct
FOR MAKING OUR OWN RECIPROCAL
NUMBER
STEP 1:obtain a rational number and multiply
it with any non-zero integer.
STEP 2:cancel out integer so that we get 1 as
the result
In other words,we should have to make 1 as
a result
FOR FINDING A RATIONAL NUMBER BETWEEN
RATIONAL NUMBER
1. x+y/2 means first add the two given
rational number and then divide their sum by
two or half