Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Advanced Geotechnical and Foundation

Engineering

Lecture 4
Piles foundations

Dr. Mona Badr El-Din

Associate Professor of Geotechnical Engineering

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Main topics
Piles capacity
Driven piles

Drilled shafts
Piles group

Negative skin friction

Uplift/tension pile capacity

Settlement of piles
Pile load test

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Capacity of Drilled shafts

Static formulae
-

To establish pile length

A. Pile skin friction
B. Pile end bearing

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Drilled shaft capacity is calculated following the

same procedures as in driven piles

Different formulae are adopted to cater for the

difference in pile installation method

In drilled shaft, predrilling and the use of

excavation slurry affect the adhesion between
pile shaft and surrounded soil. Unlike the case
in driven piles.

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Drilled shafts
(TSA) a-method
Normally is used to estimate the short-term
load capacity of piles embedded in fine-grained
soils

A. Pile skin friction

Skin friction stress:

f s a su
j

f s a i su i

i 1
Su = undrained shear strength of soil
a = coefficient used to relate the soil
shear strength to the adhesive
stress along the shaft length

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

O`Neill and Reese, 1999

Skin friction force

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

B. Pile end bearing:

z = The embedded depth of the drilled shaft in the end bearing

layer

(Su)b = the average undrained shear strength over two

diameters below pile base

Qult. f s As fb Ab

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Drilled shafts
(ESA) b-method
Normally is used to determine the short-term
and long-term pile load capacities of coarsegrained soils and the long term load capacity
of fine-grained soils

A. Pile skin friction

Skin friction stress:
The skin friction is based on the
lateral stress acting on pile
j

f s K i z tan i

i 1
K= lateral earth pressure coefficient
fi = interfacial friction angle between the pile material
and surrounded soil
z = Vertical stress at the centre line of
soil layer

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

f s b i z i
i 1

fcs = Angle on internal friction of soil

OCR= Over consolidation ratio
N60= Number of standard penetration test
Z = depth to the center line of layer

Soil near the top of the drilled shaft is subjected to

environmental and construction effects, while the soil just
above the base may develop tensile cracking. Consequently,
The upper 1.5 m of the shaft
One pile diameter above the base
Are ignored in calculating skin friction for drilled shafts.

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

B. Pile end bearing:

Qult. f s As fb Ab

 Notes to be generally considered in pile design:

During site investigation phase, if piles are expected as a
type of foundation, then boreholes have to be extended to
depth larger than the expected pile length.
The bearing strata should be investigated and confirmed that
it is extended to minimum 3 times the pile diameter.
If piles are to be executed in rock, then probing under piles
should be carried out before construction to ensure no
cavities under the pile tip.
The pile structure capacity and pile geotechnical capacity
should be nearly equal to ensure the most economical
design. (i.e. structure capacity of pile should not be much
higher than geotechnical capacity).

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

References:
Muni Budhu, 2010. Soil Mechanics and Foundations.
Wiley; 3rd edition
Michael Tomlinson and John Woodward, 2007. Pile
Design and Construction Practice, 5th edition
FHWA publications

Winter 2016 - Advanced Geotechnical and foundation Engineering CIS 902

Thank you