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TheoryGasChokes

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TheoryGasChokes
GasBeanChoke
Thebeanchokeisusedformeasurementswhenconditionsrequiremorerobustequipment.Forexample,ifsandisbeing
produced,orificeplateswillbeerodedveryquicklyandabeanchoke,whichismuchmorerobust,ispreferable.
Abeanchokeisbasicallya6"tubewithaknowninternaldiameter.
Beanchokesrequirecriticalflowtobevalid.Thismeanstheupstreampressuremustbeatleasttwicethedownstream
pressure.Ifthisconditionfails,thenflowratesfromthebeanchokeequationsarenolongervalid.Theoperatorshouldbe
vigilantandreadytochangetoasmallerchokewhenthisconditionoccurs.However,ifoperationsdofallbelowcritical
flow,FieldNoteshassomeprovisionstocalculatereasonablyaccurateflowrates.
Beanchokes(sometimesjustcalledchokes)arefoundinseveralplaces.Abeanchokecanbeplacednearthewellheadto
limitproductionfromoneparticularwell.Itcanlimitproductionintoaseparator.Itcanbefoundinamanifoldbetweentwo
piecesofproductionequipment.Beanchokescanbeeasilychangedout.Thisisveryusefulwhenencounteringsand
problems.

BeanChokeEquation
TheequationisidenticaltothatforaCriticalFlowProver.However,the"C"coefficientsaredifferent.

where
qg=gasrate(mscf/day)
C=chokecoefficient
P=upstreampressure(psia)
G=specificGravityofGas
T=Temperature(R)

ValuesforC(BeanChoke)
ChokeSize(inches)

0.0625

0.88

0.09375

2.74

0.125

6.25

0.188

14.44

0.250

26.51

0.313

43.64

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0.375

61.21

0.438

85.13

0.500

112.72

0.625

179.74

0.750

260.99

468.99

1.25

737.86

1.5

1067.39

1.75

1457.56

1908.38

2.25

2419.85

2.5

2991.98

2.75

3624.75

4318.17

Source:Diehl,JohnC.,NaturalGasHandbook:MetricMetalWorks,Erie,Pa.,1927.p.94

GasAdjustableChoke
Theadjustablechokeisanadjustablevalvewhichiscalibrated(in1/64ofaninch)toshowthesizeofthevalveopening.
Simplyturningthevalvehandlecanincreasetheopeningfrom0(shutin)tothemaximum.Thecalculationofflowrates
fromthechokesettingsisapproximateandcanbeobtainedfromthefollowingequationsandcoefficients.

AdjustableChokeEquation
Theequationfortheadjustablechokeisasimplifiedversionofthatusedforthebeanchokeorthecriticalflowprover.
Becauseflowratemeasurementswhenusingadjustablechokesareonlyapproximate,acomplexequationisnotjustified.
TheequationusedinFieldNotes,andthecorrespondingcoefficientsareshownbelow:

Q=FlowrateinMMscf/d
C=Chokecoefficient,assumingcriticalflowconditions.
P=Upstreampressure(psia)

ValuesofCfortheAdjustableChoke
NominalSize(Inches) BoreDiameter(inches) Coefficient
1/8

0.1250

0.347

9/64

0.1406

0.444

5/32

0.1563

0.553

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11/64

0.1719

0.674

3/16

0.1875

0.802

13/64

0.2031

0.956

7/32

0.2188

1.116

15/64

0.2344

1.288

1/4

0.250

1.470

17/64

0.2656

1.667

9/32

0.2813

1.885

19/64

0.2969

2.110

5/16

0.3125

2.340

21/64

0.3281

2.601

11/32

0.3438

2.866

23/64

0.3594

3.144

3/8

0.3750

3.400

25/64

0.3906

3.740

13/32

0.4063

4.063

27/64

0.4219

4.394

7/16

0.4375

4.730

29/64

0.4531

5.101

15/32

0.4688

5.474

31/64

0.4844

5.862

1/2

0.5000

6.260

9/16

0.5525

8.010

5/8

0.6250

9.980

11/16

0.6875

12.176

3/4

0.7500

14.49

64/64

1.0000

25.76

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72/64

1.125

32.6025

5/4

1.250

40.459

11/8

1.375

49.048

3/2

1.500

58.463

7/4

1.750

79.770

128/64

2.000

104.382

9/4

2.250

132.298

5/2

2.500

163.518

11/4

2.750

198.042

192.64

3.000

235.869

Thistablecomesfromacommonlyusedadjustablechokemeter.Thecoefficientsareessentiallyequivalenttothoseofthe
beanchoke.Becausethemachiningstandardsmaybedifferentamongthemanufacturers,usersshouldconsultthe
manufacturerfortheexactcoefficientoftheiradjustablechoke.

Copyright2012FeketeAssociatesInc.

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