Module: 9

Lecture: 1
Transient Loading

F (t )

F (t )

Suddenly applied step load

Gradually applied step load

When a dynamic system is excited by a suddenly applied non periodic excitation F (t ) the
response to such excitation is called transient response.
So far we have studied vibration of SDF system subject to steady state sinusoidal forces.
However, the forces can have any general type of vibration with respect to time. Analyses of
systems with such forces are often complicated. Presence of damping makes the problem more
complicated. But all such problems can be solved without much difficulty through numerical
method using digital computer.
I.

Suddenly applied load

Eq. of motion
F0

F (t )

m x k x
x

k
x
m

x n2 x
t

Sol.

F0

F0
m
F0

Complementary function

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A sin t B cos

xc
P. I

2 x

F0
1
2
m D 2

F0
m
F0
D
1 2
2
m

F0
D2

.....
1

2
2
m

F0
F0

2
m
k

x A sin t B cos t

Complete solution ;

F0
k

P. II
x A cos t B sin t
B. C. at t 0 x 0 x 0
F
F
0 A .0 B .1 0
B 0
k
k
0 A B .0
A 0

F0
F
cos t 0
k
k

x
dynamic amplification
xst
x max

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2 F0
k

F0
1 cos t xst 1 cos t
k

cos t

at t

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x(t )

2 F0
k

t
Response of SDOF System

F (t )
Fd

td

Eq. of motion
m x kx F0

t
td

x n2 x

F0 t

m td

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C.F.
x A sin t B cos t
P.I.
x

F0
1
t
. 2
.
2
m D n t d

F0 D 2 t
. 1
.
mn2 n2 td

F0 t
.
k td

t td F (t ) F0

t
td

t td F (t ) F0

Complete Solution:
x A sin t B cos t
B. C. t 0

F0 t

k td

x 0

x (0) 0 B 0
F0 1
x A cos t B sin t

k td

x(0) 0 A B
A

x(t )

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F0 1

k td

F0 1

k td

F0 1
F t
sin t 0
k t d t d
k td

F0
t sin t xst t sin t
k td
td

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x
xst

Dynamic Magnification Factor

1
t sin t
td

F0
F
cos t 0 1 cos t
k td
k td

at t t d
x (t )

F0
td sin td
k td

F0
1 cos td
k td
td
m
x k x F0

x t
when

A sin t B cos t

earlier case

F0
k

x A cos t B sin t
at t t d initial conditions
Substituting initial conditions and solve for A & B to get the complete solution.
Initial conditions are
F
F0
x t d A sin t d B cos t d 0
td sin td ....... (1)
k
k td
x t d A cos t d B sin t d
(2) A cos t d B sin t d

F0
1 cos t d .........(2)
k td

F0
1 cos td
k td

(1) sin t d A sin 2 t d B sin t d cos t d

(2) cos t d A cos 2 t d B sin t d cos t d

F0 sin t d
k td

t d

sin t d

F0 sin t d
k
F0 cos t d
1 cos td
k td

Adding above two equations we get

F0
F
A sin 2 t d cos 2 t d
t d sin t d sin 2 t d cos t d sin 2 t d 0 sin t d
k td
k

F0

k td

cos td

t d sin t d 1

F0
sin t d
k

Similarly, multiplying equation (1) by cos td & (2) by sin t d we get,

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1) cos t d A sin t d cos t d B cos 2 t d

F0 cos t d
k t d

td

sin t d

F0 cos t d
k
F0 sin t d
1 cos td
k td

(2) sin t d A cos t d sin t d B sin 2 t d

substracting (2) from (1) we get,

B sin 2 t d cos 2 t d

F0
td cos td sin td cos td sin td sin td cos td F0 cos t
k t d
k

F0
td cos td sin td F0 cos t
k t d
k

Response at any time t t d we get ,

F

F
x(t ) 0 cos t d t d sin t d 1 0 sin t d sin t
k
k td

F
F
0 t d cos t d sin t d 0 cos t cos t 0
k
k
k t d

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