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Lecture: 2
The Newmark Method
Other Implicit Integration Methods are Houbolt Method and Wilson Method
The Newmark integration scheme can be understood to be an extension of the linear acceleration
method.
U t t
U t
t
t t
1
U t U t t
2
U t t U t tU t U t U t t t 2
1
1
Where and originally proposed by Newmark as an unconditionally stable scheme.
2
4
Reference
Page 1
A. Initial calculations:
1. Form Stiffness K, Mass M and Damping C matrices.
2. Initialize U 0, U 0 and U 0
3. Select time step size t , parameters and and calculate integration constants.
0.5, 0.25 0.5
1
1
1
a0
; a1
; a2
; a3
1
2
t
t
t
2
a4
; a5
2 ; a6 t 1 ; a7 t
R t t Rt t M a0 U t a2 U t a3U t
C a1 U t a4 U t a5 U t
0.25
0.5
0
0
0
U 0 , U 0 , U0
0
0
10
Integration Constants are
a5 0.0
a6 0.14 a7 0.14
2 55
0 1
2 4
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R (t t )
51U (t ) 14.3U (t ) 1.0 U (t )
10
0
1
Then, K U (t t ) R(t t )
And U (t t ) 51.0 U (t t ) U (t ) 14.3U (t ) 1.0 U (t )
U (t t ) U (t ) 0.14 U (t ) 0.14 U (t t )
Performing the above calculation, we obtain
Time
t
2t
3 t
4 t
5 t 6 t 7 t 8 t 9 t 10 t 11 t 12 t
U (t ) 0.00673 0.0505 0.189 0.485 0.961 1.58 2.23 2.76 3.0 2.85 2.28 1.40
0.364
1.35
2.68
4.0
4.95
2.90
2.44
2.31
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dx
x xi h
dt i av
dy
y yi h
dt i av
If we use Simpsons rule, the average slope in the interval h becomes, i.e.
1 dy
dy
dy
dy
6 dt t i
dt i av
dt t i h 2 dt t i h
The Runge-Kutta is very similar to the preceding computations, except that center terms of the
given equation is split into two terms and four values of x, y and f are computed for each point i
as follows:
t
T1 ti
X 1 xi
h
T2 ti
2
h
T3 ti
2
T4 ti h
y x
Y1 yi
h
h
X 2 xi Y1
Y2 yi F1
2
2
h
h
X 3 xi Y2
Y3 yi F2
2
2
h
X 4 xi Y3 h Y4 yi F3
2
f y x
F1 f T1 , X 1 , Y1
F2 f T2 , X 2 , Y2
F3 f T3 , X 3 , Y3
F4 f T4 , X 4 , Y4
h
Y1 2Y2 2Y3 Y4
6
h
yi 1 yi F1 2 F2 2 F3 F4
6
Where it is recognized that the four values of Y divided by 6 represent an average slope dx/dt and
the four value of F divided by 6 results in an average of dy/dt as define by eq, (arrange
acceleration).
xi 1 xi
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F(t)
100
0.10
0.20
Solution:
T 0.281
0.0281 0.02
10
10
t
x
y x
f
0
0
0
25
t1
0.01
0.25
25
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0.6845833
18.997915
t3 0.04 0.01860834
0.8632912
15.695830
0.02
0.483333 2 0.70874997 2 0.6845833 0.8632912
6
0.01869431
0.02
22.541665 2 20.125 2 18.997915 15.695830
6
0.4833333 0.388827775
y3 0.4833333
0.87161075
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