Phng php gio dc

Montesori
T
Trng
mm
non KIC Montessori
M t
i Vit Nam
N
Trnh by: ng Victor Seah,
Ch tch Hi ng c vn Nh trng

1.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
8.
9
9.

Gii thiu
Mc ch, nh ngha, nguyn tc ca
phng php
S nhn bit ca tr
Giai on
nhy
y cm ca tr
Ba giai on hnh thnh nhn cch v t
hon thin mnh ca tr (0-6 tui)
Ch
Chng
trnh
h ging
i
d
dy
M
Montessori
i
Nhng quy nh v mi trng Montessori
S khc bit vi
i cc phng php gio dc
d c
truyn thng.
Li ch ca phng php Montessori

Ni dung

Tin s Maria Montessori ngi

nghin cu v pht trin phng php
gio dc Montessori dnh cho tr
mm non.
a)

Montessori l tn h ca tin s y khoa v gio

dc
ni ting
g ngi
g
B Maria Montessori
(1870-1952). Lc
nh,
gia nh

mun
b
tr

thnh gio vin, nhng vn tnh c lp, b li

ng k hc ton v k s trng k thut
dnh cho nam gii.
gii B say m khoa hc,
hc c
bit l mn Sinh vt. B l ngi ph n u
tin tt nghip trng DH Y khoa Rm bt chp
nhng nh kin nng n i vi ph n thi
B c bit quan tm n gio dc mm
.
non thng qua cc cng trnh nghin cu v y,
iu tr tr em c nhu cu c bit , nay gi
l tr em khuyt
y tt.

b)

B l mt trong s nhng nh gio dc mm

non quan trng nht ca th k 20.

Dr Maria Montessori (1870(1870-1952)

d)

Cc cng trnh nghin cu, nguyn l gio dc v pht minh

sng to trong thc tin ging dy ca b nh hng su sc
n nn gio dc chnh thng trn ton th gii cho n tn
ngy nay.

e)

S dng lp hc nh mt phng th nghim quan st tr v

tm ra cch gip tr pht huy ht kh nng ca mnh, b hnh
thnh mt phng php gio dc c hiu qu, c th p dng
thnh cng cho tng a tr cng nh cho mi tr.

f))

B i khp
p th g
gii,, xy
y dng
g trng
g lp,
p, g
ging
g v nhng
g
pht
minh khoa hc ca
mnh,

vit
nhiu
sch

, bo
gio
dc
cho n khi mt ti Halan nm 1952, hng th 82 tui.

g)

Tin s Montessori li cho th gii mt di sn qu bu: Mt

phng php gio dc kt hp nhun nhuyn gia trit l v s
t do v s t pht trin ca tr, s dng phng cch thc
hnh. Phng
gp
php
p Montessori c
nhn rng
g ra nhiu nc
t
mu
gio
n
cc
cp
tiu
hc c s,
trung hc c s
v
trung
hc ph thng.

Dr Maria Montessori (1870(1870-1952)

1
1.

Mc ch chnh:
a) To thun li cho vic pht trin nhn cch c
bit ca tr.
b) Gip tr thch ng tt v mt x hi v tnh cm.
Pht trin tt v th lc, tr thnh nhng a tr
vui ti, hnh phc.
c) To tt cho vic hc tp ca tr, ng thi
gip tr pht huy ht kh nng tr tu ca mnh.

Mc ch
ch,, nh ngha v nguyn tc

2
2.

nh ngha & cc nguyn tc:

a) Phng php gio dc Montessori c th nh
ngha tm tt l mt phng php ly a tr lm
trung
g tm da
trn nn tng
g t
do,, cho p
php
p tr
c t tip xc, ng x, khm ph mi trng
mt cch t nhin vi mi trng xung quanh
b) Da vo trit l v nguyn tc gio dc ca tin s
Ma rina Montessori,
Montessori phng php Montessori cng
c th c xc nh theo 3 t tng chnh sau:

Mc ch
ch,, nh ngha v nguyn tc

2
2.

h ngha
nh
h & cc
nguyn
tc:
t
c im
chung ca thi th u
Mii a
M
tr
t sinh
i h ra vn
ham
h
hi bit.
hiu
bit Chng
Ch
c
nhu
h
cu t lp; t hc thng qua cc tr chi c ch ch
v tr nn tch cc,
, hng
g th nu c
t
do khm
ph th gii xung quanh; chng c kh nng tip thu
v thng tri qua giai on nhy cmcho ti khi
l 6 tui;
ln
t i v th cht
ht lng
l
t i nghim
tri
hi cuc
sng

ca nhng nm u i ca tr c tm quan trng

ln i vi s
p
pht trin ca tr v sau ny.
y

Mc ch
ch,, nh ngha v nguyn tc

2
2.

nh ngha & cc nguyn tc:

Mi trng hc tp
S tc ng qua li ca tr vi mi trng c nh
hng n s pht trin ca tr.
tr Cn cho tr c
t do v th xc, tr tu v giao tip x hi. Mi th
cn c kch thc ph hp vi tr v trong tm tay
ca tr gip tr t do la chn; lp hc cn c sp
xp trt t, theo th t, n gin, khng qu cht
tri v trang tr ri rm khi lm tr mt tp
g; ti liu
g
ging
g dy
y cn c
la
chn
v g
gii
trung;
thiu cho tr mt cch cn
thn
dy tr cch hc;
tr cn c khuyn khch t chm sc bn thn,
ph,, hiu bit v tn trng
g th g
gii thc
t v
khm p
t nhin
xung quanh chng.

Mc ch
ch,, nh ngha v nguyn tc

2.

h ngha
nh
h & cc
nguyn
tc:
t
Nhng phm cht c bit ca gio vin
Gio vin phi c o to chnh quy v
chuyn mn, bit quan tm v tn trng tr;
gio
i vin
i c
trch
h nhim
hi la
l
chn
h
v
chun
h b
cc ti liu ging dy v cc hot ng ph hp
vi tr; hng dn,
dn gip tr pht trin tnh t
lp, tp trung, t gic v c k lut..

Mc ch
ch,, nh ngha v nguyn tc

S nhn thc ca tr c tin s Maria

Montessori xc nh l thi k pht trin t lc
sinh ra n 6 tui.
2. S nhn thc ny c chia lm 2 giai on:
1
1.

a)) T lc sinh ra n 3 tui ((v thc).

) Vo g
giai on ny,
y
a tr thng tip thu n tng t mi trng m
khng bit mnh ang lm nh vy.
b) T 3 n 6 tui (nhn thc): Vo giai on ny,
ny tr
bit ngh v nh; thng qua cc hot ng bn tay, tr
t lm giu kinh nghim sng ca mnh v ln ln.
3.

Ton
T
b giai
i i on

nhn
h thc
th ca
tr
t nhng
h
nm u i l mt qu trnh chuyn tip ln
m tin s Montessori xc nh rng l giai
on quan trng nht ca i ngi.

S nhn thc ca tr

Giai on nhy cm l giai on a tr

nhn thc y vic mnh ang lm.
1.

Lc ny tr c kh nng tp trung cao , say

m vi vic mnh lm n mc tr c th tip
thu mt cch hiu qu nht.
nht

2
2.

C th chia lm 6 giai on,

on theo trnh t pht
trin c trng v tui ca tr>

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Nhy
Nhy
Nhy
Nhy
y
Nhy
Nhy

cm
cm

cm
cm
c
cm
cm

vi
vi

vi
vi

vi
vi

mnh lnh
ngn
ng

i li
mi
ttrng
g x
hi

cc vt nh
vic hc thng qua cc gic quan.

Cc giai on nhy cm ca tr

1
1.

S pht trin nhn cch ca tr tin ti s

hon thin mnh bao trm ln 3 trnh t
tin trin sau:
a) Giai on 1: Tr cm thy an ton v thit lp cc
quan h

mi q
b) Giai on 2: Tr pht trin tnh t lp v t tin
c) Giai on 3: Khi ln 6 tui, tr pht trin nhn
cch
h linh
l h hot
h
v
tr
nn
bnh
b h thng.
h

2.

Trong giai on cui, ngi ln cn cho

php
h tr
t c
t do
d trong
t
kh kh nht
khun
ht
nh, tn trng nhn cch tr v khng nn
p t tr.
tr

Ba giai on hnh thnh nhn cch v

t hon thin mnh ca tr (0
(0--6 tui)
tui)

1
1.

Chng trnh ging dy bao gm: thc hnh k

nng sng, rn luyn hot ng cc gic quan,rn
luyn k nng ngn ng, kin thc chung v ton
v cc hot ng vn ha.
ha

2.

Hot
ng
gp
pht trin th lc
v hot
ng
g ngoi
g
tri, m nhc v chuyn
ng, ngh thut sng to
v ngoi ng l mt phn ca chng trnh gin
dy; cc hot ng ngoi kha khccng s c t
chc ph hp vi tng giai on pht trin ca tr.

3
3.

Chng trnh ging dy chuyn tip thng c

sp xp vo nm cui ca la tui mm non
chun b tt cho tr bc vo giai on gio dc
ph
h thng
th
c
s.

Chng trnh ging dy Montessori

4
4.

Thc hnh k nng sng: Tr hnh thnh v pht trin

cc k nng c bn v t chm sc bn thn, vn l bc
rt cn thit tin ti s t lp. Tr pht trin tt cc k
nng s dng tay mt
mt v hon thin cc chuyn ng
nh rt c bn cho vic tp vit sau ny. K nng sng
cn bao gm k nng rn luyn cc thao tc bng tay, k
gg
giao tip
p x hi,
, mnh

lnh,
, tnh k
lut,
, hp
p tc,,
nng
tp trung v s c lp. l nhng k nng chnh gip
cho c qu trnh hc tr.

5.

Hot ng qua cc gic quan: Cho php tr cm th

thng qua vic ng dng cc gic quan trong qu trnh
hc. Cc ti liu ging dy mn ny c thit k gip
tr cm th nhiu hn, hc c ngn ng v quan tm
n cc iu mi m ca th gii xung quanh

Chng trnh ging dy Montessori

6
6.

Kin thc chung v vn ha: Tr c gii thiu

nhng kin thc c bn v khoa hc, thc vt, sinh vt,
a l, thin nhin v cch chm sc mi trng.

7.

Ngn ng: Ngn ng c dy ch yu qua vic hc

pht m (phonics). Ti liu ging dy mn ny c son
tho c bit,
bit p dng phng php Montessori.
Montessori Tr s
dng cc hc c hc bng ch ci, cc m thanh ca
cc ch s c chuyn sang vic tp c, nh vn
v vit.
vit (Tr c th s c dy hai ngn ng hoc hn)

8.

Ton: Tr s dng cc hc c Montessori gy hng th

tm hiu v s hc v hnh hc.
hc Cc bi tp trc khi hc
ton cng c s dng cho tr nm c quan nim
tru tng ca mn hc ny.

Chng trnh ging dy Montessori

9.

m nhc v chuyn ng: Mn hc ny khng km phn

quan trng gip tr hc c hiu qu hn v lm cho vic hc
tp tr nn th v hn.Mn hc ny pht trin c thng minh,
sng to c bit c tr, gip tr s dng tt bn cu phi
ca
no.

10.

Ngh thut v th cng: Gip tr tng tng, sng to v

c nh gi tt v ngh thut.
thut Mn ny cng gip pht trin
bn cu no phi ca tr v khch l vic hc.

11
11.

S pht trin ton din ca tr: Chng trnh ging dy

Montessori nhm mc ch thc y s pht trin ton din ca
tr, pht trin tt nht nhng kh nng vn c tr, gip tr
t
tin,, t
g
gic,, t
trng
g v hp
p tc trong
g sut nhng
g nm hc

trng mm non. Phng php gio dc v chng trnh ging
dy Montessori c kim chng l gp phn hnh thnh
nhng a tr thng minh v d dng ha nhp hn nhng
cng dn c trch nhim v l nhng nh lnh o trong tng
lai.

Chng trnh ging dy Montessori

1
1.

Mi trng Montessori cn mc t do nht nh.

nh

2.

Lp hc Montessori cn c sp t ngn np v trt t

3.

Mi trng Montessori cn phn nh ng thc t v t

nhin

4.

Mi trng Montessori cn trang tr p v c khng kh

tt gip cho vic hc c hiu qu

5.

Lp hc cn c trang b y cc thit b, dng c

tp
p thch hp
p g
gip
p tr p
pht huy
y ht kh nng
g ca
hc
mnh.

6
6.

Mi trng Montessori cn ging nh mt cng ng x

hi dn ch, gip , khch l v hp tc.

Nhng qui nh v mi trng

Montessori

Phng php Montessori

Phng php truyn thng

1.

Tr l trung tm, t hc .

1.

Gio vin l trung tm, hc

gin tip v theo nhm.

2.

Ch n vic t hc, chi

tr
tr chi c ngha v hc
qua tri nghim thc t.

2.

Tr c gio vin dy trc

tip;
p; ch y
yu l hc
vt.

3.

Tr c
hc
trong
g mi
trng t do trong khun
kh, c k hoch v chun b
chu o.

3.

Tr b kim sot v cc hot

ng hc tp ca tr do gio
vin phn chia.

4.

Tr hc l do t yu thch v
hng th.

4.

Hng th hc ca tr ph
thuc vo gio vin.

S khc bit vi cc phng php gio

dc truyn thng
thng..

Montessori Method

Conventional Method

5.

Tr c phn nhm theo hng dc 5.

Tr c phn nhm theo hng

ngang theo trnh v theo tui.

5.

S dng dng dy hc c bit

c yu t kim sot li tr t
sa li v lm li cho ng.

6.

6.

Tr t hc hoc hc theo nhm

khng chnh thc di s hng
dn ca gio vin.

Tr c gio vin dy cch s

dng cc dng dy hc thng
thng. Hc tp thng l qu
trnh th nghim v c sai st.
st
Gio vin sa li cho tr trong qu
trnh hc.

7.

Tr
thng
h

c
phn
h thnh
h h nhm
h
trong mt lp chnh thc.

7.

Thi kha biu linh hot, do tr

c th thoi mi hon tt cng vic
ca mnh hoc i sang hot ng 8.
khc khi cn.

Thi kha biu c nh v tr phi

thc hin theo qui nh ngt ngho
ca lp.

S khc bit vi cc phng php gio

dc truyn thng
thng..

S khc bit vi cc phng php gio

dc truyn thng
thng..

1
1.

Phng php ly tr lm trung tm gip tr t tri

nghim tch cc cho tt c cc tr.

2.

Tr
T
c
quan tm
t ring
i
l trong
t
mi
i trng
t

c chun b sn lm tr hng th v thch hc.

3.

Vic giao tip vi mi trng hc tp c chun

b k lng v vi cc gio vin c o to c
bit bo m cho tr c c hi p dng c nhn
thc v giai on nhy cm ca mnh ti mc ti a
tr rn luyn c tp trung, duy tr hng th v
hc t hiu qu.
qu

4.

Tr c
khuyn
y
khch hot
ng
g c nhn v c

php hc theo mc kh nng ca mnh.

Li ch ca Phng php Montessori

5
5.

Tr hc thng qua vic t khm ph,

ph tm ti,
ti c hng
dn, s dng nhiu gio c hc tp c thit k c bit
giup tr pht trin tnh k lut, t gic, t tin.

6.

Tr t gic hc, ham thch hc thng qua cch hc m n

thy ph hp nht.

7.

Tr t tin, c lng t trng v ham thch hc. l

nhng im c bn gp phn chun b tt cho con ng
hc vn di lu v sau.
sau

8.

Cch tip cn vi gio dc v pht trin cho php tr

pht
ht trin
t i nhn
h cch
h v
kh nng

t din
ton
di c
v
tr
t lc,
l
th lc, tnh cm, x hi v vn ha v c cc k nng
sng to.

Li ch ca Phng php Montessori

9
9.

Tr tr thnh nhng a tr bnh

bnh thng
thng v
s pht trin cn bng, bit quan tm n
ngi khc, c k lut, t iu chnh tt trong
i sng

x
hi v
cng

ng.

10
10.

Tr sn sng khng nhng c tt cho s

nghip hc tp m cn cho c cuc sng tng
lai na.

11.

Phng php Montessori c chng minh

l c u th; Tr c hc tp trong mi trng
Montessori cng c cng nhn l vui ti,

phc v p
p
pht trin cn i hn hn nhng
g
hnh
a
tr
cng

trang la.

Li ch ca Phng php Montessori

Phng php gio dc

Montesori
T
Trng
mm
non KIC Montessori
M t
i Vit Nam
N
Trnh by: ng Victor Seah,
Ch tch Hi ng c vn Nh trng