c





   
   


 
   
  
   


—
 
2
  
   
 2
3 


2
  

2p This equation is called the slope-intercept form for a line.

2p The graph of this equation is a straight line.
2p The slope of the line is .
2p The line crosses the y-axis at .
2p The point where the line crosses the y-axis is called the y-intercept.
2p The x, y coordinates for the y-intercept are (0, ë.

Quadratic function

A 

 
is one of the form  
, where
,, and  are numbers with

not equal to zero.

The graph of a quadratic function is a curve called a 




. Parabolas may open upward or
downward and vary in "width" or "steepness", but they all have the same basic "U" shape. The
picture below shows three graphs, and they are all parabolas.

All parabolas are symmetric with respect to a line called the

. A parabola
intersects its axis of symmetry at a point called the  of the parabola.

You know that two points determine a line. This means that if you are given any two points in
the plane, then there is one and only one line that contains both points. A similar statement can
be made about points and quadratic functions.

Given three points in the plane that have different first coordinates and do not lie on a line, there
is exactly one quadratic function f whose graph contains all three points.


p p
pp p
 pp÷

p

p 
p
 p
 p
p
p p pp
p



pp

p  p
p
p
p

p




pp
p

 pp

p
 ap




pp p
pp

p

p




pp
p
pp

p

A 
is a mirror image. Placing the edge of a mirror on the `-axis will form a
reflection in the `-axis. This can also be thought of as "folding" over the `-axis.

If the original (parentë function is 2  , the 


¦
is function¦
  .

V

¦

ppp p(
`ë reflects (`ë over thep
axis.

Placing the edge of a mirror on the -axis will
form a reflection in the -axis. This can also be
thought of as "folding" over the -axis.

If the original (parentë function is 2   , the



¦
is function ¦ .

m



 
p
 
  

 
 



   



 
    
  
  
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p



 

sin m sin
sin 

= =
 




 

À = À
+ À ± À  cos 

There are two other versions of the law of cosines,

À
= À + À ± À cos m
and
À = À
+ À ± À  cos