Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTEGRATION
Oktober 2016
INTEGRATION
1. AN OVERVIEW OF THE AREA PROBLEM
2. THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
3. INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
EXEMPLE 2
Use the antiderivative method to find the area under the graph of y = x2 over the
interval [0, 1].
ANTIDERIVATIVES
We have :
INTEGRATION FORMULAS
INTEGRATION FORMULAS
INTEGRATION FORMULAS
EXEMPLE
EXEMPLE
INTEGRAL CURVES
Graphs of antiderivatives of a function f are called integral
curves of f
EXERCISE 1
1. Find the derivative and state a corresponding integration formula
EXERCISE
4. Find an equation of the curve that satisfies the given conditions
At each point (x, y) on the curve the slope is 2x + 1; the curve passes through
the point (3, 0).
At each point (x, y) on the curve the slope is sin x; the curve passes through
the point (0, 2).
INTEGRATION BY
SUBSTITUTION
u-SUBSTITUTION
The chain rule implies that the derivative of F(g(x)) can be expressed as :
or since F is an antiderivative of f :
can be expressed as :
with substitution :
u-SUBSTITUTION
EXEMPLE
and solve the equation du = cos x dx for u = sin x. Since sin2 x + cos2 x = 1, we
then have
EXERCISE 2
1. Evaluate the integrals using the indicated substitutions
EXERCISE 3
1. Evaluate the integrals
EXERCISE 3
2. Suppose that f and g are continuous functions and that
f ( x ) dx 5,
f ( x ) dx 3, h( x ) dx 6
2
Find
f ( x ) dx
3
f ( x ) dx
2 f ( x ) dx
2
2*5=10
-3 + 5 = 2
f ( x ) dx
0
f ( x ) dx
-5 -3 = -2
[3 f ( x) 2h( x)]dx
2
3*(-3)- 2 * 6 = -21
1.
2. Show that the area under the graph of y = 9 x2 over the interval [0, 3] is 18
(square units)
EXEMPLE
Find the total area between the curve y = 1 x2 and the x-axis over the interval
[0, 2]
EXERCISE 4
1. Find the area under the curve y = f(x) over the stated interval.
2. Find all values of x in the stated interval that satisfy Equation in the MeanValue Theorem for Integrals