Power Transmission, Distribution and

Utilization
Lecture# 3 : Transmission line parameters
Resistance
Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher
Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

Slide credits
Slide # 9 has a cable table from
http://ece.citadel.edu

Dr.Sher
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Lecture outline
Transmission line parameters
Resistance

Dr.Sher
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Transmission Line Parameters

A transmission (T/M) line consists of following
parameters

Resistance (R)
Inductance (L)
Capacitance (C)
Conductance (G)

Resistance and inductance are series parameters

and forms the series impedance of the T/M line.
Capacitance and conductance are shunt
parameters.
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Transmission Line Parameters

Practically these parameters are distributed over
the entire length of T/M line.
In analysis these parameters are lumped
together.
If we affect the values of R, L, C and G they affect
the performance of TM line. In other words, they
define the T\M line power carrying capacity.
Therefore, finding the ideal values of these
parameters is imperative in designing or
analyzing a T/M line.
Dr.Sher
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Resistance
Series resistance defines the line losses of a
particular TM line.
Mathematically,
R=(l/A)

Resistivity increases with increase in

temperature because it forces the free
electrons to collide with each other.

Dr.Sher

Material

R @ 20C

Temp. constant (C)

Silver

1.59*10-8 /m

243.0

Copper

1.7 *10-8 /m

234

Aluminum

2.8 *10-8 /m

228
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Resistance
Resistance vs. temperature is a
linear relation.
Resistance at any given
temperature can lead us to
resistance at some other
temperature.
R2/R1=(T+t2)/(T+t1)
Where T= temperature
constant of a material.

This helps us in finding the

percentage increase in
resistance.
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Resistance
AC resistance is greater than the DC resistance
because of the skin effect.
Skin effect the tendency of the AC current to flow
at the outer surface of the conductor.
In DC circuits the current density is uniform.
In AC the current density is limited by the skin depth.
So the area available for the electrons to move is
reduced in case of AC. Hence resistance is higher.

Rac= Rdc*K
Where K is the skin depth and depends on frequency
and electrical properties of material
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Resistance

AC current creates AC magnetic field.

AC magnetic field creates back emf.
This back emf is strongest at the center.
This forces the electrons to move at the
surface.

Dr.Sher

Source : http://ece.citadel.edu/mckinney/elec403/ACSR.pdf
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