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InClusion

Laura-Edythe Coleman & Porchia Moore


A Crash Course for the Museum Professional

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
This Workbook is constructed upon the many fruitful
conversations that the authors have had together and with the
greater museum community.

In particular, the author/editors of this workbook express their


gratitude to:
The Incluseum and its founders: Rose Paquet Kinsley and
Aletheia Wittman. Rose and Aletheia have worked tirelessly for
years to make the Incluseum a mainstream museology reality Thank you.
The research contained within this book streams mostly from
our contact with the Reesearch Centre for Museums and the
University of Leicester museum professors Dr. Richard Sandell
and Dr. Jocelyn Dodd. Additional research has been
influenced by our contact with Professor Tlili, Kings College
London.
The author/editors meet regularly online and in-person at the
American Alliance of Museums annual conference (AAM) in an
attempt to further enrich our understanding of the socially
inclusive role of museums. We would like to thank AAM
president Laura Lott and the Alliance for being receptive to
our continued efforts at igniting interest in social inclusion for
American museums.
The author/editors met for the first time in person during the
7th International Inclusive Museum Conference 2014. Our
continued efforts into promoting socially inclusive museums in
America have been bolstered by our interaction with The
Inclusive Museum, the conferences and the OnMuseums
Online Knowledge Community. We are thankful to you, our
Inclusive Museum Community, for your continued support.

W hat is Social Inclusion Theory?


The exploration of the term social inclusion begins with a
historical examination of the antithesis: social exclusion.
Provocative in nature, social exclusion became a tenet of
Western European social studies during the 1970s. Social
exclusion became the title of numerous economic and social
injustices, essentially naming the problem without offering
practical solutions. The ability to name societal woes granted
authority to several decades of politicians who were
self-appointed as champions for social justice (Silver, 1994).
Social exclusion has come to represent a broad variety of
problems not limited to welfare benefits, and not localized to
Western Europe. By the mid-1990s the term social exclusion had
become an essential part of western European political rhetoric,
and a part of museum studies discussions.

Social Inclusion & Exclusion are:


Two sides of the same coin

In W hat W ays Are We Socially Exclusive?

M y M u seu m Is Exclu sive


Wh en :

Sph er e:

Write in an example here so that participants


know how to fill this in.

The Multi-Faceted Nature of Exclusion and Inclusion: Spheres

Richard Sandell, a strong proponent of social inclusion in


museums, created both a format for examining social
exclusion and a typology for the understanding of social
inclusion within a museum context. Sandell proposes, in
?Museums as Agents of Social Inclusion,? that social
exclusion is a multi-faceted phenomenon that negatively
affects the social, economic, political, and cultural life of
both the individual and the society (Sandell, 1998).

The social aspect of exclusion is seen in the lack


of access to employment opportunities, welfare
opportunities, and social opportunities. It can
also be described as lacking the relationships
needed to be a part of the fabric of society, i.e.,
family and friends.

Econ om ic

Social

An individual lacking the economic means


to buy admission to a museum is unlikely
to attend.

Political problems are inherent within social


exclusion because those who are
disenfranchised from society are less likely to
participate in the political process, and are
much less likely to be agents for change.

Polit ical

The aspect of social exclusion most often


associated with museums is the cultural
aspect. How museums represent cultures
ask cultures to participate in the
Cu lt u r alCu lt uand
r
al
making of exhibits directly impacts the
inclusivity or exclusivity of a museum
(Sandell, 1998).
4

W ho Is Serious About Social Inclusion and Exclusion?

The Incluseum advances new


ways of being a museum
through critical discourse,
community building and
collaborative practice related to
inclusion in museums.

The American Alliance of


Museums is committed to
Inclusive Museums through
Policy Development and the
Center for the Future of
Museums.

The Inclusive Museum


Knowledge Community
provides a forum to meet
others in the field, share
ideas, and publish your
work.

The International Council on


Museums (ICOM). In accordance with
ICOM, ?museums work in close
collaboration with the communities
from which their collections originate
as well as those they serve? (ICOM,
2013, p. 10).
5

But Does Policy Create Social Inclusion and Eliminate Exclusion?

As social inclusivity has become a political goal, museums,


particularly in the UK, have adhered to the rhetoric of politicians
and the socially inclusive policy mandates to maintain public
funding of their institutions (Coleman, 2016). Social Inclusion has
begun to appear in American museum practitioner discourse, as
evidenced by the 2014 AAM policy on ?Diversity and Inclusion?
(?Diversity and Inclusion Policy,? 2014).

Diver sit y an d In clu sion


Policy
Approved by the Alliance Board of Directors, February 26,
2014

Diver sit y an d In clu sion Policy


St at em en t
The American Alliance of Museums respects, values and
celebrates the unique attributes, characteristics and
perspectives that make each person who they are. We
believe that our strength lies in our diversity among the
broad range of people and museums we represent. We
consider diversity and inclusion a driver of institutional
excellence and seek out diversity of participation, thought
and action. It is our aim, therefore, that our members,
partners, key stakeholders reflect and embrace these core
values.

How Do We Define Social Inclusion ?


The strength of social inclusion theory is also its weakness:
flexibility. The flexibility of social inclusion theory allows diverse
usage, but promotes little agreement between researchers. The
discourse of politicians has been steeped in the considerations of
being socially inclusive, and the focus of funded research in
Western Europe and the UK. Yet, the extensive use of the term is a
testament to its ambiguity, as it may be readily adapted to fit
conveniently into diverse usage (Rawal, 2008; Silver, 1994; Tlili,
2008).
The definition of inclusive solutions remains subject to the desires
of political juggernauts, thus creating multiple meanings of the

One Certainty: Social inclusion theory directs museums in the


fulfillment of social responsibility, and directs researchers to explore
the scope of those responsibilities.

"Our definition of inclusion recognises that people need to feel


connected and engaged. Inclusion can be defined as a state of
being and feeling valued, respected and supported. Practising
inclusion is necessary for diversity initiatives to work effectively"

~UK Museums Association


"Valuing Diversity: The Case for Inclusive Museums" 2016
7

How Does The American Alliance off Museums (AAM) Define


Social Inclusion ?
"The act of including; a strategy to leverage diversity. Diversity
always exists in social systems. Inclusion, on the other hand, must
be created. In order to leverage diversity, an environment must be
created where people feel supported, listened to and able to do
their personal best."

W hat is Your Definition of Social Inclusion ?

We Need To Define the Terminology

Diversity

Community

Impact

Museum

The Inclusive Museum is Not A Solitary Concept,


Rather it is Networked intoSociety, and
Exists Along a Spectrum

Level 3

Level 1

n ge
l Ch a
a
i
c
o
ad S
at i o n
r Br o
en er Th
o
g
f
e
e
l
R
e In
Veh ic o r So cial
clu
f
t
n
siv
Age
e

Level 2

Mu

seu

Level 0
M ost M u seu m s Exist Her e...
In a cau t iou s, pr eser vat ive st at e.
How do w e con vin ce m u seu m s t o
move
f r om t h is seden t ar y posit ion t o a
m or e act ively in clu sive space?

10

Th e In clu sive M u seu m Spect r u m

"Exclusion is Tackled
within the 'Cultural
Dimension.'"

"To Achieve Cultural Inclusion"

Social problems
associated with
exclusion ? ?might be
addressed indirectly.?

Level 1

Measured
Quantitatively

Sandell, R. (1998).
Museums as Agents of
Social Inclusion. Museum
Management and
Curatorship, 17(4), 401?418.
Adapted by Coleman, L-E
(2014)

11

Achieved
through? ?Representation
of and participation and
access for those
excluded.?

Measured
Qualitatively

* Recognition of curatorial voice, the sharing of


curatorial voice, and sharing of cultural authority.

* Exhibits present contested histories or issues, but the


individual is left with the task of addressing these issues
internally.

* Studies of objects in the collection, and also identified


as associated with those excluded. Example: Ratio of
objects identified with those excluded on display to objects
identified within the entire collection.

* Studies of museum visitor and staff perceptions of


exhibits and collections. Example: Ethnographic work in
which visitors and staff talk aloud through the process of
internalizing an exhibit

Level 1: TheIncl usiveMuseum

* Representation of those excluded is evidenced in the


of an exhibit.

MAs
u seu
Vehmicle
asFor
Agen t of
curatorial
voice
Ch
l Regen
an ge er at ion

12

Th e In clu sive M u seu m Spect r u m

Exclusion is tackled
within? ?the Economic,
Social, Political, and
Cultural Dimensions?

"To Improve Individuals?


Quality of Life?

Level 1

13

Achieved
through? ?Providing a
forum for public debate,
education and
persuasion.?

Social Exclusion and


Inclusion ? is or ?might
be expressed within the
museum?s goals.?

Measured
Quantitatively

Sandell, R. (1998). Museums


as Agents of Social
Inclusion. Museum
Management and
Curatorship, 17(4), 401?418.
Adapted by Coleman, L-E
(2014)

Measured
Qualitatively

* The direct intention of sharing curatorial voice

*as
Multiple
MAs
u seu
Vehmicle
For
Agen t of voices are heard within curatorial
voice,
cultural authority is distributed and
Ch
l Regen
an ge
er at ion
exchanged in a democratic manner.

* Curators (Formal and Informal) on multiple


levels consciously address the social problems
associated with exclusion.

* Longitudinal studies which measure


multiple facets of individual, household,
community, and national health.
* Change may be measured in all areas of

* Longitudinal studies which consist of


interviews or dialogues with the same
individuals over time.
* The occurrence of change measured at the

Level 2: TheMuseumAsAgent of Social


Regeneration

* Recognition of curatorial voice, the sharing


of curatorial voice, and the sharing of cultural
authority.

14

Th e In clu sive M u seu m Spect r u m

Exclusion is tackled
within? ?the Economic,
Social, Political, and
Cultural Dimensions?

"To Influence Society, and


Instigate Positive Social
Change?

Social Exclusion and


Inclusion ? is
"expressed within the
museum?s goals.?

Measured
Quantitatively

Sandell, R. (1998). Museums


as Agents of Social
Inclusion. Museum
Management and
Curatorship, 17(4), 401?418.
Adapted by Coleman, L-E
(2014)

15

-Achieved
through? ?Initiatives
which seek to alleviate
disadvantage and
encourage personal
development.?

Measured
Qualitatively

* The direct intention of sharing

* Is indicated by the free two-way flow of

MAs
u seu
Vehmicle
asFor
Agen t of
dialogue.
Ch
l Regen
aninformation/
ge er at ion

* Curators act as facilitators


* Curators (Formal, Informal) at multiple
levels of authority, moving in a constantly

* Historic social issues become


contemporary problems through
authorized channels such as museum
mission & vision statements.

* Studies of individuals within the


community who do or do not experience
the museum directly. Example:
?Improvement? of individual?s lives might be
measured by the occurrence of change

* Studies of individuals?perceptions of
museum value in their lives. Example:
?Improvement? as described by individuals
through interviews, focus groups, and
self-reflection exercises such as journals.

Level 3: TheMuseumAsvehicl efor broad


social change

* The curatorial voice of a museum has


an unashamed social stance: to provide a
forum to create a better society through
dialogue and visible.

16

TheAdvantagesof
Social Incl usionTheory
1.
* The primary advantage of social inclusion theory is that it
extends the role of museums beyond traditional discussions of
diversity and multiculturalism.
* Social inclusion asserts the importance of including more than
the representations of marginalized communities, but in actively
engaging marginalized communities in the co-creation of
community heritage exhibits.

Tr adit ion al Appr oach es

Diversity: Differences are


Celebrated.

Social In clu sion

Supports Self-Curation by
Individuals and Communities

Multiculturalism: Museum
Museum Professionals Serve
Professionals are tasked with the As Facilitators in Cultural
Curation of Diferences and
Information Provision.
Similarities Between Cultures.

17

2.
* The second key advantage of social inclusion theory is the
awareness that this theory generates concerning
marginalization and division within society. Social inclusion
theory, birthed from the presence of social exclusion, directs
the attention of citizens to the social problems at hand.

* At a foundational level, social inclusion positively reassures


society of two key assertions: yes, there is a problem in the
society; and yes, there is a solution.

* Social inclusion theory allows for the recognition that there


is no one solution to societal problems of division and
marginalization. The multidimensional nature of exclusion,
once revealed by social inclusion theory, may then be tackled
by multidisciplinary teams.

18

ThedisAdvantagesof
Social Incl usionTheory
1.
Although social inclusion theory has influenced both museum
research and practice, it is not without limitations: the infancy
of social inclusion terminology is problematic, and research
utilizing social inclusion theory for museum evaluation is
performed only sporadically.
These limitations may also be viewed as unique opportunities:
underdeveloped social inclusion terminology may offer
researchers the opportunity to work with museum
practitioners to design a standard vocabulary.
A st an dar dized social in clu sion vocabu lar y is an
im por t an t st ep in t h e pr odu ct ion of valu able m u seu m
assessm en t t ools. The demands of policy makers to produce
measurable social change may be countered by industry
definitions of social inclusion and museum professional
associations.

19

2.
* Not En ou gh Eviden ce: The usage of social inclusion theory
in the evaluation of museum impact upon marginalized
groups has only just begun.

Social Inclusion Theory Will Make Your Museum More Aware...

Example:
In Revealing Histories: Myths about Race (2007?2009) at the
Manchester Museum, UK, a team from within and beyond the
museum tried to address this uncomfortable history. They faced
challenges and raised many questions: how to present such
material honestly but sensitively? Could other voices be included
without jeopardising the credibility of the museum? How can
post-colonial arguments be made with a collection based on the
spoils of empire? And, finally, how are museums to escape the
legacies of prejudice? Although well intentioned, the actions of
museum staff in realising the project ? the authors included ?
exhibited unanticipated vestiges of institutional racism.
20

Tools

1
21

?You see, there are so many kids in this country who look at
places like museums and concert halls and other cultural
centers and they think to themselves, well, that?s not a place
for me, for someone who looks like me, for someone who
comes from my neighborhood," she said. "In fact, I guarantee
you that right now, there are kids living less than a mile from
here who would never in a million years dream that they
would be welcome in this museum. And growing up on the
South Side of Chicago, I was one of those kids myself."
~First Lady Michelle Obama
Remarks at the opening dedication of the Whitney Museum,
NYC 2015

Wh at Do You Th in k ?
Ar e M u seu m s Wh it e Spaces ?

Moore, P. (2015). Who Is Your Museum For? A Tool for Initiating Critical Conversations and
Reflection. Retrieved from
22
https://incluseum.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/who-is-your-museum-for.pdf

Discussions of Diversity

1. Diversity itself is a system which centers on


dominant white culture.
2. In each discussion on inclusion, museum
professionals must ask critical questions on
who benefits from inclusion.
3. Inclusion is a process, an action, and a
choice.
4. Diversity is a hegemonic device.
5. Diversity and Inclusion have two different
expected outcomes.

Expected
Outcome

Diversity

Inclusion

23

Promoted by
Who?

Who
Who Benefits?
Benefits?

For years museums have sought to address ways to


increase diversity and invite full participation from
minority communities. At the same time, we seem to
view it as the norm when, in spite of our best efforts,
the minority turn out remains low. We resign ourselves
to a job well done for our efforts or walk way
exasperated and frustrated at our energies to diversify.
It is my very firm belief that museums are for everyone.
Everyone. But, perhaps, our conversation on inclusion
in museums should not be framed around discourses of
diversity.
Porchia Moore,

"The Danger of The D Word, Museums and Diversity"


2014

Can You Nam e An


In st an ce In Wh ich
Diver sit y Ar ose f r om
a Com m u n it y of
Color ?

Moore, P. (2014). The Danger of the D Word, Museums and Diversity. Retrieved from
https://incluseum.com/2014/01/20/the-danger-of-the-d-word-museums-and-diversity/

24

The Data Says...

Center for the Future of Museums. (2008). Museums & Society


2034: Trends and Potential Futures.

"ASKING
ATTENDEES ABOUT
DIVERSITY AND
INNOVATION AT
THE 2016 AAM
ANNUAL MEETING
AND
MUSEUMEXPO"

25

?We know that we must embrace diversity, equity, accessibility, and


inclusion. Many of us are grappling with how to take the next steps.
And we?re all probably a little nervous about sounding uninformed or
inadvertently saying something hurtful in the process ? in spite of
good intentions."
~Brook Leonard
http://labs.aam-us.org/blog/open-forum-diversity-inclusion/

2015 AAM Survey


Q: What 3 Words Come to Mind When
You Hear "Inclusion"?

-Diversity -Accessibility

Q: Thinking about your own experience


working in museums, perhaps using
those three words, how would you
define inclusion?

-?Ensuring that
groups/individuals/audience
feel apart of a larger
whole or experience.?
-?Telling stories of all

Q: Expanding on your own definition,


who do you think is included or
excluded in museums?

-?museums are still


thought of as elitist?
-?mostly white females
are catered to.?

-Welcoming/Friendly
?Excluding No One?

Q: Do you know of any good examples


of inclusion in museums? What are

Coleman, L.-E., Moore, P., & Paquet-Kinsley, R. (2015). Museum Professionals and
Inclusion: A Study in Practitioner Perception. Atlanta, Georgia.

26

The W ing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific


American Experience
"Our institution is about people ? the people whose stories are
reflected in our walls, the people who work and volunteer
throughout the year, the people who come to visit and experience,
the people who came before us, and the people who have yet to
come? (Chinn, 2006c, p. 013).

The Wing Luke Museum of the Pacific Asian American


Experience is a community-based museum in Seattle?s
Chinatown-International District. The 60,000 square foot, three
level museum containing temporary and permanent
exhibitions. The Wing Luke offers guided tours of the museum
and the adjoining preserved historic hotel, as well as walking
tours throughout the international district. The mission of the
Wing Luke is, ?To connect everyone to the rich history, dynamic
cultures and art of the Asian Pacific Americans through vivid
storytelling and inspiring experiences?(Chinn, 2006a). Unlike
the traditional museum, the Wing Luke has engaged in a
Community Based Exhibition Model (CBE), a format that
?Builds upon a basic exhibition development model but strives
to infuse community members throughout the entire
27 process.?(Chinn, 2006c, p. 015)

?Ou r Neigh bor h ood is Ou r Lar gest


Exh ibit ion?
Bet h Tak ek aw a, Execu t ive Dir ect or

The curators put their principles into


practice, placing relationship-building above
exhibition development in the museum
priorities: ?The exhibition however which is
often times secondary to the primary goal
which is the community building - the
connections and the relationships.?

An Inclusive
Exemplar

Com m u n it y Based Exh ibit ion M odel

28

Your Museum

Implement Inclusion:

* Know your community Who Doesn't come to your museum?

* If you were doing an exhibit on your museum's


community identity, what would you pack in the
suitcase?

Knowing your community starts with NOT reinventing the


wheel:

1. Census Data
2. Community Groups and Organizations
3. Public Libraries
4. Chamber of Commerce
5. National Organizations such as YMCA, America's Second
Harvest.
6. Religious Organizations
7. Schools, Community Colleges, Vocational/Technical Schools,
29

?Ou r Neigh bor h ood is Ou r Lar gest


Exh ibit ion? ???

Your Inclusive Museum

Can you an d you r m u seu m , say :

30

How W ill I KNOW That My Museum Is Inclusive?

1. You Must Define the Terms You will Be Exploring (Inclusive,


Exclusive, Diversity, Community, Mulitculturalism, etc.)
2. You Must Collect Data - Short-term and Longitudinal Studies.
3. You Must use both Quantitative and Qualitative Methods to
Collect Data.
4. You Must Articulate Your Evaluation Strategy to Your
Stakeholders.
5. You Must Be Willing to Re-Define Your Terms Based Upon Your
Findings - Holding to a definition will not help your museum move
forward .

For Every Concept You Explore in Your Community, Make Sure to


Explore Its Counterpart. For example: If you are exploring
poverty issues in your community, make sure you are also
examining privilege in your community. Social inequity often
occurs in a yin/yang relationship.

Don't shirk from discussions that


are painful but productive.
31

Issue In
What is The
Your
Counterpart
Community to this Issue?

Extreme
Poverty

What Can Be
Done by the
Marginalized
Community
on this Issue?

What Can Be
Done by the
Counterpart
to the
Marginalized
Community
on this Issue?

What is Your
Museum's
Role on this
Issue?

Extreme
Wealth

32

It Begins with YOU

Strategic Plans are Nice, such as the


recently developed AAM 2016-2020
Strategic Plan. These Plans Help to
Highlight Core Areas of
Concentration for Our Museums.
BUT.

Change begins with YOU.

W hat Change Do YOU W ant To See?

33

In 2015, Rose Paquet Kinsley and Aletheia Wittman,


Incluseum Founders, co-authored an article for AAM's
Museum Magazine "Bringing Self=Examination to the
Center of Social Justice Work in Museums."

Rose an d Alet h eia ch allen ged m u seu m s t o


t ack le social ju st ice & in clu sion issu es
t h r ou gh self -exam in at ion in sever al ar eas:

1. Institutional Legacies
2. Staffing
3. Language.

Excerpt:
"Why is it important that museums turn the social justice
inward? A lack of introspection and visible internal change
projects the idea that museums have something special
others lack - that they are the "chosen" group to help those
who cannot help themselves. There are some clear
problems with this line of thinking. First, it assumes an
exceptionalism that distances museums from other
organizations and institutions trying to address social
justice. Second, it obscures the fact that museums have
many of their own issues to deal with. Museums can be
strong partners toward positive social change, but this
effort ought to be accompanied by critical
self-examination."
34

Exclusive Patterns In Our Museums

Paquet-Kinsley, R., & Wittman, A. (2016).Bringing Self-Examination to the Center of


35 Social Justice Work in Museums. Museum, (January/February), 41.

Exclusive Patterns In Our Language

W
What
hatChanges
Changesto
to Your
Your
Language
do
Language do You Need?
You Need?

36

Middleton, M., Paquet-Kinsley, R., & Wittman, A. (2016). ?Introducting the 21st Century
Family and Family-Inclusive Language? In (Re)Frame The Case for New Language in the 21st
Century Museum. Exibition, (Spring), 60.

Resources for You Museum

Websites & Blogs

https://incluseum.com/
http://racialequitytools.org/home#
https://www.raceforward.org/
http://empatheticmuseum.weebly.com/
http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/

Organizations
Center for the Future of Museums, AAM
Network of European Museum Organizations
The Inclusive Museum
The Museum Association UK
International Sites of Conscience
Social Justice Alliance of Museums
International Institute for the Inclusive Museum

Exemplars of Inclusive Museums

Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience.


(2006). Community-Based Exhibition Model.

37

Reading List for You

Books, Journal Articles, Reports, Magazines


Ang, I. (2005). The predicament of diversity: Multiculturalism in
practice at the art museum. Ethnicities, 5(3), 305?320.
http://doi.org/10.1177/1468796805054957
Askonas, P., & Stewart, A. (2000). Social inclusion: possibilities and
tensions. New York, N.Y: St. Martin?s Press.
Atkinson, A. B., Marlier, E., & Nolan, B. (2004). Indicators and Targets
for Social Inclusion in the European Union. JCMS: Journal of Common
Market Studies, 42(1), 47?75.
http://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2004.00476.x
Atkinson, A. B., & United Nations. (2010). Analysing and measuring
social inclusion in a global context. New York: United Nations.
Blackburn, F. (2015, December 1). The Intersection Between Cultural
Competence and Whiteness in Libraries. Retrieved from
http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2015/culturalcompetence/
Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (2000). Sorting Things Out Classification and
its Consequences (n edition). Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.
Caidi, N., & Allard, D. (2005). Social inclusion of newcomers to Canada:
An information problem? Library & Information Science Research, 27(3),
302?324. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2005.04.003
Center for the Future of Museums. (2008). Museums & Society 2034:
Trends and Potential Futures.
Center for the Future of Museums. (2010). Demographic
Transformation and the Future of Museums.
Center for the Future of Museums. (2012). Trends Watch 2012:
Museums and the Pulse of the Future.
Christen, K. (2011). Opening Archives: Respectful Repatriation.
American Archivist, (74), 185?201.

38

Coffee, K. (2008). Cultural inclusion, exclusion and the formative roles


of museums. Museum Management and Curatorship, 23(3), 261?279.
http://doi.org/10.1080/09647770802234078
Coleman, L.-E. (2015). Social Inclusion and the Gatekeeping
Mechanisms of Curatorial Voice: Are Museums Ready to be Agents of
Social Justice? In Progressive community action: critical theory and social
justice in library and information science. Duluth: Library Juice Press.
Coleman, L.-E., Moore, P., & Paquet-Kinsley, R. (2015). Museum
Professionals and Inclusion: A Study in Practitioner Perception. Atlanta,
Georgia.
Coleman, L.-E. (2016, April 1). The Socially Inclusive Role of Curatorial
Voice: A Qualitative Comparative Study of the Use of Gatekeeping
Mechanisms and the Co-Creation of Identity in Museums. Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL. Retrieved from
http://gradworks.proquest.com/10120605.pdf
Diversity and Inclusion Policy. (2014). Retrieved January 18, 2015, from
http://www.aam-us.org/about-us/who-we-are/strategic-plan/diversity-and-inclusion-policy

Dodd, J., O?Riain, H., Hooper-Greenhill, E., Sandell, R., Fund, H. L., &
Britain, G. (2002a). A catalyst for change: the social impact of the Open
Museum. RCMG Leicester.
Dodd, J., & Sandell, R. (2001a). Including museums: Perspectives on
museums, galleries and social inclusion. Leicester, UK: Reserach Centre
for Museums and Galleries.
Eriksson, M., Ng, N., Weinehall, L., & Emmelin, M. (2011). The
importance of gender and conceptualization for understanding the
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Final WordsAbout Social Inclusion

The Authors of this workbook affirm that:


1. Museums cannot embark on a Social Justice Initiative without
understanding and leveraging Social Inclusion Theory. Why?
Many of the current museum initiatives are not built on social
inclusion, and without that formidable anvil, the hammer of
social justice has no platform to forge social change upon. Social
inclusion allows an expansion of social justice discussions and
actions by providing the foundational anvil required for true
social justice to prevail within society.
2. Museums can propel the creation of better evaluation systems
for understanding their impact upon society. Social inclusion
theory may serve as a framework to guide the production of
standardized vocabulary for the articulation of both the social
role of the museum, and the significance of evaluating effectively
that social role.
3. For better or for worse, museums are a part of society, and do
not operate in a vacuum, If museums are to stay relevant to
society, they must include society in the construction and
preservation of cultural heritage.
4. You are not alone. Your museum is not alone. There is a
grass-roots movement across the United States committed to
amplifying the social role of museums. Please ask us for help,
and please be willing to share your experiences with other
museums and museum professionals.

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About TheAuthor/ Editors

Laura-Edythe Coleman is a Museum


Informaticist: her focus is on the point of
convergence for museums, information,
people, and technology. Knowing that societies
need museums for creating and sustaining
cultural memory, she strives to help
communities co-create heritage collections
with museums. She holds a PhD in Information
Science, a Masters of Library and Information
Science and a Bachelors of Fine Arts. She
brings an extensive background in cultural
heritage informatics, LIS education, and information technology to focus on
cultural institutions that are embedded in communities reconciling civil conflict.
Her motto is to ?save the world: one object, one exhibit, one museum, one
community, one nation at a time.? She can be reached via Twitter:

43

Porchia Moore is a fourth year doctoral


candidate dually enrolled in the School of
Library and Information Science and the
McKissick Museum?s Museum
Management Program at the University of
South Carolina. She is the recipient of the
Cultural Heritage Informatics Leadership
Fellowship as endowed by the Laura Bush
21st Century Librarian Grant. Her work
employs Critical Race Theory as an
informative framework for interrogating
and exploring the museum space as a
means to advocate for inclusion in the
museum world. In addition, she is interested in the intersection between culture,
technology, information, and race. She is the 2013-2014 Humanities, Arts, Science
& Technology Alliance & Colloboratory (HASTAC) Scholar. Currently, she serves a
two-year appointment to the Professional Development Committee, which helps
to design and plan the annual conference for the South Carolina Federation of
Museums. She regularly presents on race, culture, and museums at conferences
such as Museums and the Web and Museum Computer Network. She is an avid
lover of museums, having explored museums from Malaysia to New Zealand and
back. Follow her on Twitter @PorchiaMuseM.

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