Palate v2 2

Pavement Lifecycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic
Modified and updated in 2011 by Steve Muench, Jeralee Anderson & Craig Weila
Civil & Environmental Engineering Department
http://www.greenroads.us
Release Date January 24, 2011

When referencing this tool, please be sure to cite appropriately.
PaLATE v2.2 for Greenroads as Modified by the University of Washington (UW) Software and User Guide
USER GUIDE
Use this tool to complete Project Requirement PR-3 Lifecycle Inventory for your Greenroads project.
Note: If you already know how to use this tool, you can proceed to the "Design" Worksheet.
Introduction
Welcome to the modified version of PaLATE, the Pavement Lifecycle Assessment Tool for Environmental an
You are probably using this version because you are interested in using Greenroads to design or build your n
Congratulations! You've just taken a step toward a more informed decision-making process.
This User Guide is intended to walk you through some of the nitty-gritty stuff that makes PaLATE report the
looking for at Greenroads to meet the requirements in PR-3 Lifecycle Inventory. You can use this tool, or any
generates a pavement section lifecycle inventory, but we think this one should be pretty easy for everyone.
Work Sheets
This tool has three types of worksheets: Input, Output and Data. They are listed below by type and color co
(Input: Green, Output: Blue, and Data: Red) You only need to enter data in the "Input" sheets. You will need
sheet. You will not need to touch the other sheets but you will be able to view them if you are curious.
Input
Construction <---- Definitely fill this in
Maintenance <---- Fill this in (lifetime data needed), includes recycling proce
Equipment <---- check for your types of construction equipment or leave alo
Output
Results <---- Print this when done!
Data
References
Limitations
Densities
Equipment Details
What about cost data? UW has removed cost data for purposes of Greenroads Project Requirement PR-3. Se
Page 1 of 74
Getting Started - An Orientation to the Tool

There are three worksheets that require user input in this Workbook, not unlike the ones shown in the figure
called "Construction", "Maintenance" and "Equipment." Each of these input worksheets has instructions at t
Your output file is generated in the worksheet called "Results." This is what you should PDF and submit to G
PR-3. The following worksheets are just to be referenced and should not be modified: References, Equipmen
and Densities. (Thanks in advance.)
Default values are zero for the first three worksheets. You will need to enter any project-specific non-zero va
We have tried to make it clear where you should make entries and where you should not. Cells that should
locked.
Costs
This worksheet has been deleted.
Cost Results
This worksheet has been deleted.
Diagrams
The original diagrams sheet was deleted. The actual diagram now lives on this sheet (below).
Results - PRINT THIS SHEET

Results are given in tables by life-cycle phase and by source. Emissions by type are depicted in bar graphs b
Scroll to the right and down if you want to view more levels of detail.
References
References used in the development of this tool are provided in this worksheet. The original references list w
provided at the bottom of the References sheet. In general, data was taken from the Carnegie Mellon Univer
database for U.S. 2002 NAICS Producer numbers or was taken from the Transportation Energy Data Book Ed
(which contains values that are typically more recent - 2006 and 2007 years were available for most data).
EIOLCA software tool that PaLATE was based on at http://www.eiolca.org. Resources that were used by UW f
improvements and updates are added at the top of the "References" tab.
Data
The original placeholder tab has been deleted. The remaining worksheets in this tool are locked. Please em
stmuench@u.washington.edu if you find any errors or omisions. You can view these sheets but cannot edit
so we can make any appropriate modifications.
Limitations
Limitations of this version of PaLATE are listed in the "Limitations" tab. There may be ways to overcome som
and the list likely does not list all limitations of PaLATE. It should just be used as information to help in evalu
making.
Planning
Period
Paving
Wearing
Courses
Material
Densities
Embankment
and Shoulder
Volumes
A
S
P
H
A
Wearing Course
and Subbase
Depths
Placing
Subbases
Manufacturi
ng and
Processing
Page 2 of 74
Placing
Embankm
ent &
Shoulder
A
S
P
H
A
L
T
Wearing Course
and Subbase
Depths
Placing
Embankm
ent &
Shoulder
Wearing
Course &
Subbase
Widths
Wearing
Course &
Subbase
Lengths
Transportati
on
Throughout
the Supply
Chain
Input
Materials
from Supply
Chain
Transportatio
n of Roadway
Materials to
Site
ROADWAY
DESIGN
MATERIALS
PRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
PRODUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
ROADWAY
DESIGN
C
O
N
C
R
E
T
E
Manufacturi
ng and
Processing
Wearing
Course &
Subbase
Lengths
Wearing
Course &
Subbase
Widths
Wearing Course
and Subbase
Depths
Embankment
and Shoulder
Volumes
Input
Materials
from Supply
Chain
Transportati
on
Throughout
the Supply
Chain
Manufacturi
ng and
Processing
Compacti
on
Excavatio
n
Transportatio
n of Roadway
Materials to
Site
Excavatio
n
Compacti
on
Placing
Embankme
nt &
Shoulder
Material
Densities
Placing
Subbases
Planning
Period
Slipform
Paving
Form
Riding
Page 3 of 74
PaLATE v2.2
r Environmental and Economic Effects

PaLATE originally created in 2003 by
A. Horvath, S. Pacca, E. Masanet, R. Canapa
http://www.ce.berkeley.edu/~horvath/palate.html
ington (UW) Software and User Guide
GUIDE
ntory for your Greenroads project.

o the "Design" Worksheet.
cle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects .

using Greenroads to design or build your new roadway project.
decision-making process.
-gritty stuff that makes PaLATE report the information we are

cle Inventory. You can use this tool, or any other tool that
is one should be pretty easy for everyone.
They are listed below by type and color coded appropropriately

er data in the "Input" sheets. You will need to print the "Results"
able to view them if you are curious.
Glossary:
CIR = cold in-place recycling
GWP = global warming potential
HIPR = hot in-place recycling
RAP = reclaimed asphalt pavement
RCM = recycled concrete material
Greenroads Project Requirement PR-3. See PR-2 Lifecycle Cost Analysis.
Page 4 of 74
ok, not unlike the ones shown in the figure below. They are
ese input worksheets has instructions at the top of the page.
s is what you should PDF and submit to Greenroads for review in
ld not be modified: References, Equipment Details, Limitations,
d to enter any project-specific non-zero values that are relevant.

d where you should not. Cells that should not be modified are
lives on this sheet (below).
ssions by type are depicted in bar graphs by life-cycle phase.

ail.
is worksheet. The original references list was retained, and is

was taken from the Carnegie Mellon University EIO-LCA software
m the Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 29 from 2010
2007 years were available for most data). You can see the
ca.org. Resources that were used by UW for Greenroads
es" tab.
ksheets in this tool are locked. Please email

ou can view these sheets but cannot edit them, so please tell us
tab. There may be ways to overcome some of these limitations

ust be used as information to help in evaluations and decision
Full Depth
Reclamati
on
HMA
Overlay
HIR
CIR
Crack
Sealin
g
Page 5 of 74
Crack
Sealin
g
Microsurfaci
ng
Patching
Milling
MAINTENANCE
LANDFILL
MAINTENANCE
LANDFILL
Demolitio
n
Milling
Crack
Sealin
g
Patchin
g
Microsurfaci
ng
Rubblizati
on
HMA
Overlay
Whitetoppi
ng
Full Depth
Reclamati
on
Page 6 of 74
Subbase &
Embankment
HMA Pavements
PCC Pavements
Structures
Material
Density
Materials Transport To (or From)

Site
One-Way Only
Distance (mi)
Mode
Subbase &
Embankment
CY
tons
Unit
tons/CY
RAP
from
recycling
plant/stockpile
to to
site
RCM
from
recycling
plant/stockpile
site
1.85
1.88
Rock
2.00
Gravel
1.35
Sand
1.25
Soil
1.63
Material
Density
###
F
u
###
e
0
###
l
0
###
e
0
###
f
f
Materials Transport To (or From) i
Site
c
One-Way Only
i
Distance (mi)
Mode
e
9
n
###
c
9
###
y
0
###
F
u
(
0
v
###
e
l
0
###
l/
0
k
###
e
m
0
###
f)
f
Site
c
One-Way Only
i
Distance (mi)
Mode
e
0
n
###
c
0
###
y
0
###
(
0
###
l
0
###
/
0
k
###
m
0
###
)
0
###
0
HMA
Unit
tons/CY
CY
tons
Virgin Aggregate
1.85
84755
156797
Asphalt Bitumen
0.84
8476
7119
Tack Coat
0.84
RAP Transportation
1.85
Recycled Tires/ Crumb Rubber
0.97
Glass Cullet
1.93
Total: Asphalt mix to site
2.05
Material
Density
0
163917
PCC
Unit
tons/CY
CY
tons
Rock
2.00
Gravel
1.35
Sand
1.25
Cement
1.27
Concrete Additives
0.84
Coal Fly Ash
2.20
Coal Bottom Ash
2.00
Blast Furnace Slag
2.15
Foundry Sand
1.49
Glass Cullet
1.93
Water
0.84
Steel Reinforcing Bars
6.62
Total: PCC to site
2.03
Material
Density
Steel
Unit
tons/CY
CY
Tons
Rock
2.00
###
F
u
###
e
l
0
###
e
0
###
f
f
Site
c
One-Way Only
i
Distance (mi)
Mode
e
0
n
###
c
0
###
y
0
###
(
0
###
l
0
###
/
0
k
###
m
0
###
)
0
###
0
PCC
###
Tons
Sand
1.35
Gravel
1.25
Cement
1.27
Concrete Additives
0.84
Rice Husk Ash
0.39
Silica Fume
0.51
Coal Fly Ash
2.20
Coal Bottom Ash
2.00
###
Blast Furnace Slag
2.15
###
Foundry Sand
1.49
###
Other Cement Substitute
0.51
###
Water
0.84
6.62
###
Total Structural PCC to Site
2.03
###
Page 7 of 74
HMA Materials
Subbase and
Embankment
Materials
Demoliti
on
Number of Maintenance Events

Material
Density
PCC Materials
Subbase &
Embankment
CY
Tons
Materials Transport To (or

From) Site
One-Way Only
Distance (mi)
Mode Mode #
Unit
Tons/CY
RAP to recycling plant/stockpile
1.85
500
925
###
RCM to recycling plant/stockpile
1.88
###
###
Other Waste Materials
Material
Density
Unit
RAP from recycling plant/stockpile to
siteplant/stockpile to
RCM from recycling
Tons/CY
Subbase &
Embankment
CY
Tons

From) Site
One-Way Only
Distance (mi)
Mode Mode #
1.85
###
site
1.88
###
Rock
2.00
###
Gravel
1.35
###
Sand
1.25
###
Soil
1.63
###
Material
Density
Unit
Tons/CY
CY
Tons
Virgin Aggregate
1.85
84755.2
156797
###
Bitumen
0.84
8475.52
7119.437
###
Tack Coat
0.84
###
RAP Transportation
1.85
###
0.97
###
Glass Cullet
1.93
###
Total: Asphalt Mix to site
2.05
163917
###
Material
Density
Unit
Tons/CY
CY
Tons
2.00
###
Gravel
1.35
###
Sand
1.25
###
Cement
1.27
###
Concrete Additives
0.84
###
Coal Fly Ash
2.20
###
Coal Bottom Ash
2.00
###
Blast Furnace Slag
2.15
###
Foundry Sand
1.49
###
Glass Cullet
1.93
###
Water
0.84
6.62
###
Total: PCC to site
2.03
###
Material
Density
Volume
Total
Rock
Wearing
Course
Processes
HMA
PCC
Unit
Tons/CY
CY
Tons
Hot In-Place Recycling (HIPR)
2.05
Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR)
1.83
Rubblization
1.95
Full-depth Reclamation
1.83
Page 8 of 74

From) Site
One-Way Only
Distance (mi)
Mode Mode #

From) Site
One-Way Only
Distance (mi)
Mode Mode #
Equipment
The User is provided with a few available equipment types for each process. Choose equipment to match those used as
well as possible or disable equipment type by process by selecting "none" from the pull-down menu. Equipment model
specifications should not be modified on this worksheet. If the User wishes to insert a different model type, select
"User Entry" and insert the relevant data (equipment type, horsepower, productivity, fuel consumption, fuel
type) in the "Equipment Details" worksheet where appropriate. The user must fill out any boxes that are
Gray for equipment they are including.
Productivity
Fuel
Consumption
Fuel Type
Slipform paver
564 tons/h
19.7 liters/h
diesel
Texture curing machine
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Paver
1,700 tons/h
31.5 liters/h
diesel
Pneumatic roller
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Tandem roller
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
CIR recycler
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Pneumatic roller
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Tandem roller
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Asphalt road reclaimer
4,800 tons/h
120.0 liters/h
diesel
Vibratory soil compactor
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Heating machine
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Asphalt remixer
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Pneumatic roller
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Tandem roller
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Multi head breaker
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
1,832 tons/h
37.5 liters/h
diesel
Milling
Milling machine
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Concrete
Demolition
Multi head breaker
520 tons/h
76.4 liters/h
diesel
Wheel loader
0 tons/h
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Excavation,
placing and
compaction
Excavator
315 tons/h
34.2 liters/h
diesel

Shredder + Granulator +
Classifier + Aspirator
System
Hopper + Conveyor +
Shredder System
395 tons/h
27.5 liters/h
diesel
0 tons/h
0.0 kWh/tons
electric
0 tons/h
0.0 kWh/tons
electric
asphalt mixer
214 tons/h
226.80 MJ/ton
electric
Truck Mixing Time

1.00 min/CY
0.23 liters/CY
diesel
0 CY/hour
0.0 kWh/CY
electric
Activity
Concrete Paving
Asphalt Paving
Cold in Place
Recycling
Full Depth
Reclamation
Hot In Place
Recycling
Rubblization
Tire Recycling
Glass Recycling
HMA Production
Equipment
mixing truck (enter mixing

time)
Concrete Mixing
plant mixer
Structures
Brand/Model
Crane
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Second Crane
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Drill/Boring Machine
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Pile Driver
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Bridge Paver
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Concrete Pump Truck
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Other Structural Equipment
0.0 hours
0.0 liters/h
diesel
Environmental Results
Results are given in tables by road layer and by life-cycle phase. Emissions by type are depicted in bar graphs by life-cycle phase. Scroll down if yo
to view more levels of detail.
GRAND TOTALS
Energy [GJ]
Materials Production
Initial Construction
76,190.3
40,077,384
3,356.6
231,568
117.4
8,099
76,190.3
40,077,384
3,375.6
232,875
117.4
8,099
152,380.5
80,154,769
6,732.2
464,442
234.8
16,197
###
###
Materials Transportation
Equipment
Maintenance
Equipment
Total
Equipment
Total
Energy [MJ]
CO2-e [kg]
76,190,264
40,077,384
76,190,264
40,077,384
Demolition Waste
Subbase and Embankment
3,356,613
231,568
3,356,613
231,568
Phase
Layer
Material Production
Wearing Course
Structures
Total
Material
Transportation
CO2e [kg] = GWP
Wearing Course
Structures
Total
Life
Lif
Lif
Equipment
Demolition
117,389
8,099
117,389
8,099
76,190,264
40,077,384
76,190,264
40,077,384
18,942
1,307
3,356,613
231,568
3,375,555
232,875
Demolition
Wearing Course
117,389
8,099
Total
117,389
8,099
Wearing Course
Structures
Total

Maintenance Material
Wearing Course
Production
Total
Demolition Waste
Maintenance Material Subbase and Embankment
Transportation
Wearing Course
Total
Maintenance
Equipment
Initial Construction Materials

CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Materials- Subbase
and Embankment
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Materials- Subbase
and Embankment
Soil
Total
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Materials - Wearing
Course - HMA
Virgin Aggregate
24,418,956
1,684,456
Asphalt Bitumen
16,693,164
1,217,362
Tack Coat
Glass Cullet
35,078,143
37,175,567
76,190,264
40,077,384
Asphalt mixing
Total
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Materials - Wearing
Course - PCC
Rock
Gravel
Sand
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cement
Concrete Additives
Glass Cullet
Water
PCC Mixing
Total
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Rock
Sand
Materials - Structures
0
0
0
0
Gravel
Cement
Concrete Additives
Materials - Structures
Water
Structural PCC Mixing
Structural Steel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Initial Construction Transport

CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Initial Construction RCM to recycling plant/stockpile
Materials Transport Other Waste Materials
Demolition Waste
Structural Demolition
0
0
0
0
0
Total
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
RAP from recycling plant/stockpile to site
Initial Construction RCM from recycling plant/stockpile to site
Materials Transport - Rock
Subbase and
Gravel
Embankment
Sand
Soil
Total
Virgin Aggregate
Asphalt Bitumen
Initial Construction Tack Coat
Materials Transport - RAP Transportation
Wearing Course - HMA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Energy [MJ]
3,210,824
145,789
0
0
CO2-e [kg]
221,510
10,058
0
0
Materials Transport Wearing Course - HMA Recycled Tires/ Crumb Rubber
Glass Cullet
Asphalt Mix to site
Total
0
0
0
3,356,613
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Cement
Concrete Additives
Initial Construction Coal Fly Ash
Materials Transport - Coal Bottom Ash
Wearing Course - PCC Blast Furnace Slag
Foundry Sand
Glass Cullet
Water
PCC Mix to site
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
Rock
Sand
Gravel
Cement
Concrete Additives
Rice Husk Ash
Silica Fume
Initial Construction Coal Fly Ash
Structures
Blast Furnace Slag
Foundry Sand
Other Cement Substitute
0
0
0
231,568
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Materials Transport Structures
Water
Structural PCC Mix to Site
Structural Steel to Site
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Initial Construction Equipment

Equipment Demolition
Energy [MJ]
CO2-e [kg]
Concrete Demolition (RCM Production)
HMA Milling (RAP Production)
Energy [MJ]
CO2-e [kg]
Energy [MJ]
117,389
0
117,389
CO2-e [kg]
8,099
0
8,099
Energy [MJ]
CO2-e [kg]
Total
Rock, Gravel, Sand & Soil Placing and
Equipment - Subbase
Compaction
and Embankment
Total
Initial Construction Paving HMA

Equipment - Wearing
Paving PCC
Course
Total
Crane
Second Crane
Pile Driver
Equipment - Structures
Bridge Paver
Concrete Pump Truck
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ycle phase. Scroll down if you want

GRAND TOTALS
Life Cycle Energy Consumption [GJ]
Processes (Equipment)
Life Cycle CO2-e Emissions [kg]
Life Cycle CO2-e Emissions [kg]
Processes (Equipment)
Maintenance Materials
Energy [MJ]
Maintenance
Materials- Subbase
and Embankment
CO2-e [kg]
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Maintenance
Materials- Subbase
and Embankment
Soil
Total
Energy [MJ]
Maintenance
Materials - Wearing
Course - HMA
Virgin Aggregate
24,418,956
1,684,456
Asphalt Bitumen
16,693,164
1,217,362
Tack Coat
Glass Cullet
35,078,143
37,175,567
Asphalt mixing
Total
76,190,264 40,077,384
Energy [MJ]
Maintenance
Materials - Wearing
Course - PCC
CO2-e [kg]
CO2-e [kg]
Rock
Gravel
Sand
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cement
Concrete Additives
Glass Cullet
Water
PCC Mixing
Total
Maintenance Transport
Maintenance
Materials Transport - RCM to recycling plant/stockpile
Demolition Waste
Other Waste Materials
Energy [MJ] CO2-e [kg]

18,942
1,307
0
0
0
0
Total
18,942
1,307
RAP from
RCM
from recycling
recycling plant/stockpile
plant/stockpile to
to site
site
Maintenance
Materials Transport - Rock
Subbase and
Gravel
Embankment
Sand
Soil
Total
Virgin Aggregate
Bitumen
Tack Coat
Maintenance
Materials Transport - RAP Transportation
Wearing Course - HMA

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3,210,824
221,510
145,789
10,058
0
0
0
0
Maintenance
Materials Transport Wearing Course - HMA Recycled Tires/ Crumb Rubber
Glass Cullet
Asphalt Mix to site
Total
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Cement
Concrete Additives
Coal Fly Ash
Maintenance
Wearing Course - PCC Blast Furnace Slag
Foundry Sand
Glass Cullet
Water
PCC Mix to site
0
0
0
3,356,613
0
0
0
231,568

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
0
0
Maintenance Equipment
Maintenance
Equipment Demolition
Energy [MJ]
CO2-e [kg]
Concrete Demolition (RCM Production)
HMA Milling (RAP Production)
Energy [MJ]
CO2-e [kg]
Total
Maintenance
Rock, Gravel, Sand & Soil Placing and
Equipment - Subbase
Compaction
and Embankment
Total
Paving HMA
Paving PCC
Maintenance
HIPR
Equipment - Wearing
CIR (Cold Milling)
Course
Full Depth Reclamation
Rubblization
Energy [MJ]
117,389
0
0
0
0
0
Total
117,389
CO2-e [kg]
8,099
0
0
0
0
0
8,099
ocesses (Equipment)
aterials Transportation
aterials Production
ocesses (Equipment)
aterials Transportation
aterials Production
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Zimmerman, K.A. (1997) Guidelines for Using Economic Factors and Maintenance Costs in Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. Study SD96-08. SDDOT Applied
Technology, Inc. Urbana, IL.
Performance Concrete and Perpetual Pavements
Archilla, A.R. and Madanat, S. (2001), A Statistical Model of Pavement rutting in Asphalt Concrete Mixes, Transportation Research Board, 80th Annua
Bushmeyer, B. (2002a), The Quest for Long-Life Asphalt Pavement, Better Roads, February 2002, pp 30-37.
Bushmeyer, B., (2002b), What Road Professionals can expect from 2002, Better Roads, pp. 18-22, January 2002.
Dynapac and the Texas Department of Transportation (2002), Texas Goes Perpetual on I-35, Better Roads, November 2002
Huddleston, J., Buncher, M., Newcomb, D., Perpetual Pavement, A Concept Paper, www.asphaltalliance.com, visited April 2003.
Komoriya, K., Yoshida, T., Nitta, H. (2002), "WA-DA-CHI-WA-RE" Surface Longitudinal Cracks on Asphalt Concrete Pavement, Transportation Researc
Annual Meeting.
Newcomb, D. (2002a) Perpetual Pavements: A Synthesis, Asphalt Pavement Alliance, www.asphaltalliance.com, visited April 2003.
Newcomb, D. (2002b), Perpetual Pavements: A Synthesis, Asphalt Pavement Alliance, 2002, AP-101.
Newcomb, D., (2002c), Perpetual Pavements: A synthesis, Asphalt Pavement Alliance.
Soon, S.C., Drescher, A., Stolarski, H.K., (2002), Tire-induced surface stresses in flexible pavements, Transportation Research Board, 82nd Annual Mee
Stidger, R. (2001), Performance Holds Todays Focus, Better Roads, July 2001.
Tighe, S., Haas, R., and Ponniah, J. (2003), Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Mitigating Pavement Rehabilitation Reflection Cracking, Transportation Resea
82nd Annual Meeting.
Turgeon, C. (2002), Minnesotas High Performance Concrete Pavements, Transportation Research Board, 82nd Annual Meeting.
Recycled Aggregates and Crushed Cement Concrete as Construction Aggregates
Ahmed, Imtiaz. "Use of Waste Materials in Highway Construction." Joint Highway Research Project of Indiana Department of Transportation and Federa
Administration, Report No. FHWA/IN/JHRP-91/3, Indianapolis, Indiana, January, 1991.
American Road & Transportation Builders Association (2003a) ARTBA Transportation Numbers, Better Roads, March 2003.
American Road & Transportation Builders Association (2003b) ARTBA Transportation Numbers, Better Roads, April 2003.
Bakoss, S.L., Ravindrarajah, R.S. (February 1999), Recycled construction and demolition materials for use in roadworks and other local government acti
University of Technology, Sydney.
Banasiak, David. (1996) States Plane Off Excess in RAP Specs. Roads and Bridges, Vol. 34, No. 10, October, 1996.
Banthia, N. and Chan, C. (June 2000) Use of Recycled Aggregate in plain and fiber-reinforced shotcrete, Concrete International
Brown, D. (1999) RAP turns in Good Performance, Saves Money. Hot Mix Asphalt Technology. p.24-25.
Butalia, T.S. and Wolfe, W.E. (2003), Utilization of Coal Combustion Products in Ohio for Construction and Repair of Highways, Beneficial Use of Rec
Materials in Transportation Applications, November 13-15, 2001, sponsored by the Recycled Materials Resource Center, University of New Hampshire, D
Hampshire, and the Air & Waste Management Association, published 2003.
Button, J.W., Little, D.N., Estakhri, C.K. (1994) Synthesis of Highway Practice 193. Hot in Place Recycling of Asphalt Concrete. National Coopera
Research Program. National Academy Press.
Chesner, W.H., Collins, R. J., MacKay, M.H. (2001a) Reclaimed Concrete Material, Recycled Materials Resource Center, Publication FHWA-RO-97-14
Chesner, W.H., Collins, R. J., MacKay, M.H. (2001b) Evaluation Guidance: Environmental Issues, Recycled Materials Resource Center, Publication F
148
Chesner, W.H., Collins, R. J., MacKay, M.H. (2001c) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Recycled Materials Resource Center, Publication FHWA-RO-97-14
Collins, R.J. and S.K. Ciesielski, "Recycling and Use of Waste Materials and By-Products in Highway Construction." National Cooperative Highway Res
Program, Synthesis of Highway Practice 199, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 1994.
Construction & Demolition, 2000, California Integrated Waste Management Board, Available online at URL http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/]
Cuttell, G.D., Snyder, M.B., Vandenbossche, J.M, and Wade, M.J. (1997) Performance of Rigid Pavements Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregates, U
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-RD-96-164, March 1997.
De Bock, L. (2003) Hot In-Plant Recycling of Processed Asphalt Pavement, Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications, Nove
2001, sponsored by the Recycled Materials Resource Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, and the Air & Waste Management
published 2003.
Dumitru, I. And Walter, P. (2003) The Use of Recycled Construction Materials in the Manufacture of Road Building Materials, Beneficial Use of Recycl
in Transportation Applications, November 13-15, 2001, sponsored by the Recycled Materials Resource Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N
Engineering and Environmental Aspects of Recycling Materials for Highway Construction, Federal Highway Administration and U.S. Environmental Prot
Agency, Report No. FHWA-RD-93-008, Washington, DC, May 1993.
Eskola, P. and Mroueh, U. (2003) Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis Program for Road ConstructionDevelopment and Experiences of Use Beneficial Use
Grubl, P.,Nealen, A., Schmidt, N. Concrete made from recycled aggregate; experience from the building project Waldspirale, http://www.b-i-m.de/pu
Hanks, A. J., Magni, E. R. (1989). The Use of Recovered Bituminous and Concrete Materials in Granular Base and Earth, Ontario Ministry of Transpo
MI-137, Downsview, Ontario, 1989.
Helping the Environment (2000) World Highways/Routes du Monde. November/December 2000. p. 59-62
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/asphalt/ea-report.pdf
Jay, M.L. (2000) RAP An Environmental Success Story. Hot Mix Asphalt Technology. March/April p.39-40.
Kelly, T.D., 1998, The substitution of crushed cement concrete for construction aggregates: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1177, 15 p. Available only
http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/circulars/c1177/
Maldonado, A. et al, PIARC C7-C8-C14. 1999, Aggregates And Sustainable Development, Friday 8 October 1999 (Afternoon), Introductory Report
Masood, A., Ahmad, T., Arif, M., Mahdi, F. Waste Management strategies for concrete, published online 22 June 2001
Muller, C., Aachen University of Technology, Germany, Requirements on concrete for future recycling, http://www.b-i-m.de/public/ibac/mueller.htm, (6
Nash, P.T. and Senadheera, S. (2003), A Summary of Findings for Eight Nonhazardous Recycled Materials (NRMs) Applied to Roadway Construction in
Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications, November 13-15, 2001, sponsored by the Recycled Materials Resource Center, Univ
National Cooperative Highway Research Program 4-21, State Engineering Survey: Waste and Recycled Materials in the Transportation Industry, March 19
Olson, R.C., Garrity, J.A., Ruiz, M., and Krivit, D.F. (2003), Minnesotas Experience in Implementing the Use of Recycled Materials, Beneficial Use of
Pavement Recycling Executive Summary and Report, Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHWA-SA-95-060, Washington, DC, 1995.
Pihl, K.A., Milvang-Jensen, O. (2003), The Motivating Factors and Sustainment of a Well-Functioning Recycling Industry for Road and Nonroad Byprod
Denmark, Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications, November 13-15, 2001, sponsored by the Recycled Materials Resource C
University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, and the Air & Waste Management Association, published 2003.
"Report to Congress. A Study of the Use of Recycled Paving Material." Federal Highway Administration and U.s. Environmental Protection Agency, Rep
FHWA-RD-93-147, Washington, DC, June, 1993.
Stidger, R.W. (2002), Road Works, Better Roads, June 2002.
Taha, R., A.M.ASCE, Al-Harthy, A., Al-Shamsi, K., and Al-Zubeidi, M. (2002) Cement stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregate for road ba
subbases, Journal of materials in civil engineering (May-June 2002)
"Use of Waste Materials in Highway Construction." American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Subcommittee on Construction
DC, August, 1994.
U.S. EPA (2000) Hot Mix Asphalt Plants - Emission Assessment Report (EPA 454/R-00-019). Final report dated December 2000. Report body. Posting da
USGS (2000), USGS: Recycled AggregatesProfitable Resource Conservation USGS Fact Sheet FS-181-99, February 2000.
Warren, J. (1998) Using RAP in Superpave Floridas Experience. Hot Mix Asphalt Technology. p.17-19.
Wilburn, D.R., and Goonan, T.G., 1998, Aggregates from natural and recycled sources: U.S. Geological Survey circular 1176, 36 p. Available only online
Wolfe, M. (1998), 1997 Report on Ohio Mineral Industries, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey. Columbus, OH, 199
Won, M.C. (1999) Used of crushed concrete as aggregate for pavement concrete, Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board
Wrner, T., Lcherer, L, and Westiner, E. (2003) Investigations on the Behavior of Recycling Materials in Unbounded Sub-bases under Long-Term Traffi
Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications, November 13-15, 2001, sponsored by the Recycled Materials Resource Center, Univ
Yrjanson, William A., "Recycling of Portland Cement Concrete Pavements," National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Synthesis of Highway Pra
154,Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., December, 1989.
Tire Recycling Technology
"Scrap Tire Processing Equipment", Wendt Corporation, http://www.wendtcorp.com/tires.asp, accessed July 24, 2003.
Shaded cells may be edited for project specific equipment.

Be sure to select "User Entry" on the Equipment tab
Type
Equipment Selection
Air Compressor
none
140 hp compressor
User Entry
Dozer with ripper
none
285 hp bulldozer with ripper
User Entry
Excavator
none
130 hp excavator
User Entry
Generator
none
240 hp generator
330 hp generator
400 hp generator
User Entry
Heating Machine
none
50 hp heater LPG & diesel
User Entry
Milling Machine
none
400 hp milling machine (52" width)
533 hp milling machine
875 hp milling machine
User Entry
Cold in Place Recycler
none
800 hp CIR machine
User Entry
Mixer Truck
200
250
300
350
none
hp Mixer Truck
hp Mixer Truck
hp Mixer Truck
hp Mixer Truck
User Entry
Multi Head Breaker
none
350 hp breaker
User Entry
Asphalt Paver
none
125 hp asphalt roller
200 hp asphalt roller
User Entry
Pneumatic Roller
none
100 hp pneumatic roller
User Entry
Asphalt Remixer
none
300 hp asphalt remixer
User Entry
Asphalt Road Reclaimer
none
670 hp asphalt reclaimer
User Entry
Concrete Slipform Paver
none
100 hp concrete slipform paver
User Entry
Tandem Roller
none
110 hp tandem roller
125 hp tandem roller
User Entry
Texture Concrete Curing Machine
none
70 hp curing machine
User Entry
Vibratory Soil Compactor
none
150 hp vibratory soil compactor
User Entry
Wheel loader
none
160 hp wheel loader
135 hp wheel loader
User Entry
Motor Grader
none
125 hp motor grader
165 hp motor grader
User Entry
none
Tire Recycling (Crumb Rubber)
630 hp tire recycler
User Entry
Glass Recycling
none
10 hp electric glass pulverizer
User Entry
User Entry
PCC Plant Mixer
none
50 hp electric mobile plant
200 hp electric plant
User Entry
Crane
none
360 hp road crane
515 hp road crane
220hp crawler crane
300hp crawler crane
User Entry
Second Crane
none
360 hp road crane
515 hp road crane
220hp crawler crane
300hp crawler crane
User Entry
none
230 hp excavator mounted drill
600 hp foundation drill rig
User Entry
Pile Driver
none
225 hp vibratory pile driver (must select crane)
595 hp vibratory pile driver (must select crane)
Diesel impact hammer (1.2 metric ton ram)
Diesel impact hammer (5 metric ton ram)
Diesel impact hammer (18 metric ton ram)
User Entry
Bridge Paver
none
Bridge paver with 2-20hp gas engines
Bridge paver with 2-23 hp gas engines
User Entry
Concrete Pump Truck
none
350 hp pump truck
425 hp pump truck
User Entry
none
180kW electric vibroreplacement (must select crane)
230kW electric vibroreplacement (must select crane)
User Entry
none
Uncontrolled Batch-mix
HMA Production
Fabric Filter-Controlled Batch-mix

Uncontrolled Drum-mix
Fabric Filter-controlled Drum-mix
HMA Production
User Entry
ipment.
Based on Brand / Model
Horsepow Productivit
er
y
Fuel Consumption
none
Sullair 425
other
0
140 hp
1 hp
0
0
1 tons/h
0
36.5 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Caterpillar D8N
other
0
285 hp
1 hp
0
250 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
71.3 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
John Deere 690E
other
0
131 hp
1 hp
0
315 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
34.2 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Detroit Diesel 671
Detroit Diesel series 40
Caterpillar 3406C TA (300eKW)
other
0
238 hp
330 hp
400 hp
1 hp
0
0
0
0
1
0
36.3 l/h
3.9 l/h
86.7 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wirtgen HM4500
other
0
49 hp
1 hp
0
256 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
9.1 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wirtgen W1900/52
Wirtgen W1900/60
Wirtgen W1900/75
Wirtgen W2000
Wirtgen W2200
other
0
400 hp
400 hp
400 hp
533 hp
875 hp
1 hp
0
250 tons/h
300 tons/h
400 tons/h
500 tons/h
1,100 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
87.3 l/h
87.3 l/h
87.3 l/h
116.3 l/h
156.2 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wirtgen 2200 CR
other
0
800 hp
1 hp
0
1,713 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
150.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
0
200 hp
250 hp
300 hp
350 hp
1 hp
200
250
300
350
none
hp Mixer
hp Mixer
hp Mixer
hp Mixer
other
Truck
Truck
Truck
Truck
input on equipment tab
none
Badger MHB Breaker
other
0
350 hp
1 hp
0
520 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
76.4 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Dynapac F25C
Dynapac F30C
other
0
126 hp
196 hp
1 hp
0
1,700 tons/h
2,400 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
31.5 l/h
49.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Dynapac CP221
other
0
100 hp
1 hp
0
686 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
25.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wirtgen 4500
other
0
295 hp
1 hp
0
208 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
55.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wirtgen WR 2500 S
other
0
670 hp
1 hp
0
4800 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
120.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wirtgen SP250
Wirtgen SP500
Wirtgen SP850
other
0
106 hp
178 hp
250 hp
1 hp
0
564 tons/h
1,150 tons/h
2,385 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
19.7 l/h
32.5 l/h
48.4 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Ingersol rand DD90HF
Ingersol rand DD110
other
0
110 hp
125 hp
1 hp
0
395 tons/h
285 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
27.5 l/h
32.6 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Gomaco T/C 400
other
0
70 hp
1 hp
0
187 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
20.1 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Dynapac CA 262D
other
0
150 hp
1 hp
0
1,832 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
37.5 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
John Deere 644E
John Deere 624E
other
0
160 hp
135 hp
1 hp
0
490 tons/h
360 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
40.0 l/h
35.2 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Caterpillar 120H
Caterpillar 140H NA
Other
0
125 hp
165 hp
1 hp
0
300 tons/h
300 tons/h
1 tons/h
0
31.4 l/h
41.3 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Wendt Super Chopper SC-1412t
Wendt Heavy Rasper HR-162t
Wendt Fine Granulator FG-952
Wendt Classifier PC-15t
Wendt Fine Granulator FG-952
Wendt Aspirator UP-1750
Total
other
0
200 hp
226 hp
100 hp
2 hp
100 hp
2 hp
630 hp
1 hp
9.00
4.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
1.00
none
Andela GP-05 Pulverizer
other
0
10 hp
1 hp
0
tons/h
tons/h
tons/h
tons/h
tons/h
tons/h
tons/h
tons/h
0
1.00 tons/h
1.00 tons/h
0
16.57 kWh/ton
37.45 kWh/ton
24.86 kWh/ton
0.50 kWh/ton
24.86 kWh/ton
0.50 kWh/ton
104.73 kWh/ton
1.00 kWh/h
0
7.46 kWh/ton
1.00 kWh/ton
none
Liebherr EasyMix 1.0 Mobile Plant
CON-E-CO Lo Pro 427
other
0
50 hp
200 hp
1 hp
0
49.00 CY/h
300.00 CY/h
1.00 tons/h
0
0.76 kWh/CY
0.50 kWh/CY
1.00 kWh/ton
none
Terex TC60
Terex T780
Terex TCC40
Terex HC230
other
0
360 hp
515 hp
220 hp
300 hp
1 hp
0
34.7 l/h
56.3 l/h
20.0 l/h
34.7 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Terex TC60
Terex T780
Terex TCC40
Terex HC230
other
0
360 hp
515 hp
220 hp
300 hp
1 hp
none
Soilmec R-518 on Cat 330B
Anderson Drilling "Big Stan"
other
0
236 hp
600 hp
1 hp
none
ICE 14C
ICE 50B
APE D12-42
APE D50-42
APE D180-42
other
0
225 hp
595 hp
1 hp
1.00 tons/h
none
Bidwell 3600
Bidwell 4800
other
0
40 hp
46 hp
1 hp
1.00 tons/h
0
9.4 l/h
10.6 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
Schwing 32XG on Mack 688s
Schwing S61SX on Mack 688s
other
0
350 hp
427 hp
1 hp
0
143.0 CY/h
165.0 CY/h
1.0 CY/h
0
21.2 l/h
31.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
none
ICE V180 with generator
ICE V230 with generator
other
0
241 hp
308 hp
1 hp
1.0 CY/h
0
25.7 l/h
33.3 l/h
1.0 l/h
Productivity
energy
CO2
none
Uncontrolled Batch-mix
214 tons/h
227 MJ/ton
16.798 kg/ton
Fabric Filter-Controlled Batch-mix
214 tons/h
227 MJ/ton
16.798 kg/ton
Uncontrolled Drum-mix
272 tons/h
202 MJ/ton
14.982 kg/ton
Fabric Filter-controlled Drum-mix
272 tons/h
202 MJ/ton
14.982 kg/ton
1.00 tons/h
0
1.00 tons/h
0
1.00 tons/h
0
34.7 l/h
56.3 l/h
20.0 l/h
34.7 l/h
1.0 l/h
0
20.1 l/h
58.1 l/h
1.0 l/h
0
20.1 l/h
58.1 l/h
4.4 l/h
15.7 l/h
53.0 l/h
1.0 l/h
other
1 tons/h
1 MJ/ton
1.000 kg/ton
Fuel Type
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
electric
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
gasoline
gasoline
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
diesel
Limitations
This version of PaLATE has been revised by the University of Washington, but still has limitations to its use.
This model primarily uses EIOLCA, but has a few pieces that calculate energy and emissions directly as a process based LCA. Transportation and eq
emissions are two prime examples of this. Currently the transportation data is taken from the Transportation Energy Data Book of 2007. This data
on economic data, but rather energy usage by the distance traveled and weight of loading. Furthermore, there are only 3 modes listed for available
PaLATE, in reality there are many more that could be used by breaking down transportation further (type of truck, rail, or barge for example). Read
concrete production also used a process based LCI.
The equipment data used in this model uses the productivity, fuel usage and engine capacity to calculate the amount of diesel fuel used during co
The productivities and engine use can vary substantially during a construction project which could cause large variances in the actual emissions ex
during construction. The equipment data can be modified by the user, the equipment details sheet must be modified to account for these changes
allow the user to enter more accurate productivity and engine use data for their project.
Many of the conversions on this spreadsheet use typical densities of common construction materials to calculate the weight of each material transp
Densities can vary based on the materials used in a given project. This will provide some error, but no more error than any typical design project w
assume.
PaLATE has been modified to only account for energy and CO2. It does not account for any of the human health impacts that can be calculated in a
It also does not cover the vast majority of other greenhouse gasses that the typical LCA would calculate.
Truck and rail CO2 emissions are calculated based on European average emissions from an OECD study
note: mass units are in short tons

Suggested
Density Range
or Value [tons/
(yd3)]
Material
Asphalt mix
2.05
Ready-mix
concrete
2.03
Virgin Aggregate
1.85
Bitumen
0.84
Cement
1.27
Concrete Additives
0.84
Tack coat
0.84
RAP
1.62-1.89
RCM
1.68-2.10
Actual Density [tons/

(yd3)]
2.05
2.03
1.85
0.84
1.27
0.84
0.84
1.85
1.88
Coal Fly Ash
0.45-2.36
2.20
Coal Bottom Ash
0.61-2.27
2.00
Blast Furnace Slag
0.95-2.10
2.15
1.49
0.39
.42-.59
1.49
0.39
0.51
0.97
0.97
Glass Cullet
Water
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
Structural Steel
1.65-2.12
0.84
1.93
0.84
6.62
6.52-6.82
6.62
6.62
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Soil
1.85-2.53
1.35
1.25
0.51-1.81
2.00
1.35
1.25
1.63
Suggested
Density Range
or Value [tons/
(yd^3)]
2.05
1.83
2.05
2.05
Actual Density [tons/

(yd^3)]
2.05
1.83
2.05
2.05
Foundry Sand
Rice Husk Ash
Silica Fume
Recycled Tires/
Crumb Rubber
Processes
HIPR
CIR
Patching
Microsurfacing
Crack Sealing
Whitetopping
Rubblization
Full-depth
Reclamation
0.84
2.03
1.9-2.03
0.84
2.03
1.95
1.83
1.83
Specific
Material
Tons / Cubic Yard
Gravity
Andesite
2.5 - 2.8
2.11 - 2.36
Basalt/Traprock
2.8 - 3.0
2.36 - 2.53
Coal - Anthracite
1.3
1.08
Coal - Bituminous
1.1 - 1.4
0.92 - 1.18
Copper Ore
2
1.89
Diabase
2.6 - 3.0
2.19 - 2.53
Diorite
2.8 - 3.0
2.36 - 2.53
Dolomite
2.8 - 2.9
2.36 - 2.44
Earth (dry)
1.6 - 1.8
1.35 - 1.52
Earth (wet)
2
1.6875
Gabbro
2.56
Gneiss
2.6 - 2.9
2.19 - 2.44
Granite
2.6 - 2.7
2.19 - 2.28
Gypsum
2.3 - 2.8
1.94 - 2.36
Iron Ore
4.5 - 5.3
3.79 - 4.47
Lead Ore (Galena)
7.5
6.21
Limestone
2.3 - 2.7
1.94 - 2.28
Marble
2.4 - 2.7
2.02 - 2.28
Mica, schist
2.5 - 2.9
2.09 - 2.43
Quartzite
2.6 - 2.8
2.19 - 2.36
Rhyolite
2.4 - 2.6
2.02 - 2.19
Rock Salt
2.5 - 2.6
2.11 - 2.19
Sandstone
2.2 - 2.8
1.85 - 2.36
Shale
2.4 - 2.8
2.02 - 2.36
Slate
2.7 - 2.8
2.28 - 2.36
Talc
2.6 - 2.8
2.19 - 2.36
Density (in lb/cu ft.) = SG X 62.4
Density (SI units) = SG X Density of water
(1.0 g/cc or 1000 kg/cubic metre)

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Pavement Lifecycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic

Release Date January 24, 2011

Getting Started - An Orientation to the Tool

Results - PRINT THIS SHEET

r Environmental and Economic Effects

ington (UW) Software and User Guide

ntory for your Greenroads project.

cle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects .

-gritty stuff that makes PaLATE report the information we are

They are listed below by type and color coded appropropriately

Greenroads Project Requirement PR-3. See PR-2 Lifecycle Cost Analysis.

d to enter any project-specific non-zero values that are relevant.

lives on this sheet (below).

ssions by type are depicted in bar graphs by life-cycle phase.

is worksheet. The original references list was retained, and is

ksheets in this tool are locked. Please email

tab. There may be ways to overcome some of these limitations

Materials Transport To (or From)

Recycled Tires/ Crumb Rubber

Total: Asphalt mix to site

Coal Fly Ash

Coal Bottom Ash

Blast Furnace Slag

Steel Reinforcing Bars

Total: PCC to site

Rice Husk Ash

Coal Fly Ash

Coal Bottom Ash

Blast Furnace Slag

Other Cement Substitute

Steel Reinforcing Bars

Total Structural PCC to Site

Number of Maintenance Events

Materials Transport To (or

RAP to recycling plant/stockpile

RCM to recycling plant/stockpile

Other Waste Materials

Materials Transport To (or

Recycled Tires/ Crumb Rubber

Total: Asphalt Mix to site

Coal Fly Ash

Coal Bottom Ash

Blast Furnace Slag

Steel Reinforcing Bars

Total: PCC to site

Hot In-Place Recycling (HIPR)

Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR)

Materials Transport To (or

Materials Transport To (or

Texture curing machine

Asphalt road reclaimer

Vibratory soil compactor

Multi head breaker

Vibratory soil compactor

Multi head breaker

Vibratory soil compactor

Truck Mixing Time

mixing truck (enter mixing

Concrete Pump Truck

Other Structural Equipment

Subbase and Embankment

CO2e [kg] = GWP

Subbase and Embankment