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1 Grau de Liberdade
Vibraes Foradas sem Amortecimento
Introduo
Excitao
Vrtices
Vibraes Foradas
Vibraes Foradas
Modelo para um sistema forado (excitao harmnica)
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
(+)
k
kx
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
ext
mx&& = kx + F
(+)
Funo
Complementar
= mx&&
Soluo: x ( t )
}
xa
Soluo
Particular
}
+ xb
xa ( t ) = X a sin ( t + ) com
X a = A2 + B 2
xb ( t ) = X b sin ( t )
xb = Forada
(1)
x ( t ) = X a sin ( t + ) + X b sin ( t )
1442443 14243
xa = Transiente
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
xb = Forada
consequentemente: X b =
(+)
F0
k m 2
X0
}
F0 k
X0
F0
assim, xb ( t ) =
sin
t
ou
x
t
=
sin
x
t
=
sin ( t )
(
)
( ) b( )
b( )
2
2
k m 2
k m m
1 2
k
k m
X0
xb ( t ) =
sin ( t ) xb ( t ) = X b sin ( t )
2
1 r
1
424
3
Xb
Onde: r =
x ( t ) = X a sin ( t + ) + X b sin ( t )
1442443 14243
xa = Transiente
X0
Com: X b =
2
1 r
(+)
xb = Forada
(1)
F0
= Deslocamento esttico da mola gerado pela fora constante de magnitude F0
k
r=
r = 1
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
F0
(+)
xb
X0
Xb =
2
1
X0
xb ( t ) =
sin ( t ) xb ( t ) = X b sin ( t )
2
r
1
1
424
3
Xb
= 2
xb = X b sin ( t )
Xb
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
P0
(+)
X0
Caso em que r > 1 X b =
2
1
X
xb = 2 0 sin ( t )
r 1
1
424
3
Xb
xb ( t ) = X b sin ( t )
xb
= 2
xb = X b sin ( t )
Xb
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
xb
= 2
(+)
0
ou
xb ( t ) =
X 0 t
cos ( t )
2
X t
xb ( t ) = 0 sin t
2
2
t = t
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
FA =
xb
X0
(+)
FA =
xb
1
=
; r <1
X0 1 r2
FA =
xb
1
= 2
; r >1
X0 r 1
r <1
Xa
X0
1 r2
X0
x ( t ) = X a sin ( t + ) +
sin ( t )
1442443 1 r 2
xa = Transiente
1442443
xb = Forada
(a )
x (t )
r >1
X0
2
r 1
X
x ( t ) = X a sin ( t + ) 2 0 sin ( t )
1442443 r 1
xa = Transiente
1442443
<1
2
Xa
xb = Forada
( b)
>1
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
xh = ( X h )1 cos ( t ) + ( X h )2 sin ( t )
(1)
(+)
x p ( t ) = X p cos ( t )
( 2)
A soluo geral obtida como a soma das expresses (1) e (2), sendo igual a:
x ( t ) = ( X h )1 cos ( t ) + ( X h )2 sin ( t ) +
F0
cos ( t )
k m 2
( 3)
( X h )1 = x0
F0
k m 2
( X h )2 =
x&0
( 4)
F0
cos ( t )
k m 2
( 3)
( X h )1 = x0
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
F0
k m 2
( X h )2 =
x&0
( 4)
(+)
F0
F0
x&0
x ( t ) = x0
cos
t
+
sin
t
+
cos ( t )
(
)
(
)
2
2
k
FA =
xb
X0
k
m
F = F0 sin ( t )
r=
(+)
X0
}
F0
F0 k
x&
x ( t ) = x0
cos ( t ) + 0 sin ( t ) +
cos ( t )
2
k m 2 k
k m
k{
1
424
3
1
r2
Fator de amplificao