10/16/2016

BasicNotesonOSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)~SysnetNotes

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Basic Notes
(Open
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by Shabeer ibm

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

OSPF is a standardized Link-State routing protocol, designed to scale efficiently to
support larger networks.
OSPF Characteristics
OSPF employs a hierarchical network design using Areas.
OSPF will form neighbor relationships with adjacent routers in the same Area.
Instead of advertising the distance to connected networks, OSPF advertises the
status of directly connected links using Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).
OSPF sends triggered updates only and send only changes
LSAs are additionally refreshed every 30 minutes.
OSPF traffic is multicast either to address 224.0.0.5 (all OSPF routers) or
224.0.0.6 (all Designated Routers).
Point to Point only use multicast address 224.0.0.5
OSPF uses the Dijkstra Shortest Path First algorithm to determine the shortest
path.
OSPF is a classless protocol, and thus supports VLSMs.
OSPF supports only IP routing.
OSPF routes have an administrative distance is 110.
OSPF uses cost as its metric, which is computed based on the bandwidth of the
link.
OSPF COST = Reference bandwidth/Link Bandwidth
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OSPF has no hop-count limit.

OSPF forms neighbor relationships, called adjacencies, with other routers in the
same Area.
All routers must be connected to area 0 (Backbone Area)
All Routers in an AREA have same topology table
OSPF summarice networks in ABR (Area Border Router)
One Area contain localized updates.
ASBR (Autonomous system Border Router) Connects OSPF with other dynamic
protocols like EIGRP OR RIP
only ABR and ASBR can summarize in OSPF
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OSPF only
neigbour
with routers
in same
area

In every single network in OSPF having a shared segment,there will be a DR

and BDR
In a shared ethernet segment ,Only DR and BDR will be in FULL state and others
might be in 2 Way state
The OSPF process builds and maintains three separate tables:
A neighbor table contains a list of all neighboring routers.
A topology table contains a list of all possible routes to all known networks
within an area.
A routing table contains the best route for each known network.
Different types of routers in OSPF
Routers in the backbone area (area 0) are calledbackbone routers.
Routers between 2 areas (like the one between area 0 and area 1) are
calledarea border routers (ABR)
Routers that run OSPF and are connected to another network that runs another
routing protocol (for example RIP) are calledautonomous system border
routers ( ASBR)
Each OSPF router is identified by a unique Router ID. The Router ID can be
determined in one of three ways:
The Router ID can be manually specified.
If not manually specified, the highest IP address configured on any Loopback
interface on the router will become the Router ID.
If no loopback interface exists, the highest IP address configured on any
Physical interface will become the Router ID

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Hello / Dead Interval

OSPF hello/Dead Interval time for non-broadcast and point-to-multipoint
interfaces. :30/120seconds
OSPF hello/Dead Interval time for broadcast and point-to-point interfaces.
:10/40seconds
Notice that, by default, the dead interval timer is four times the Hello interval.
DR and BDR election
First they look at Router Priority. BY Default Router priority is One.We can
change it if we need
If Router
priority
same,OSPF
will look
at Highest
Router
-ID
forNotes
DR BDR
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election
If we set Router priority is O,that router will not participate in DR/BDR election
In FrameRelay (NBMA -non broadcast multi access) network ,HUB Must be
elected as DR .We can do this by changing router priority
OSPF LSA Types
Type 1- Represents a router
Type 2- Represents the pseudonode (designated router) for a multiaccess link
Type 3- A network link summary (internal route)
Type 4- Represents an ASBR
Type 5- A route external to the OSPF domain
Type 7- Used in stub areas in place of a type 5 LSA
OSPF Area types
Backbone area(area 0)
Standard area
Stub area
Totally stubby area
Not-so-stubby area(NSSA)
OSPF Network Types
Point-to-Point
Point-to-Multipoint
Broadcast
Non-Broadcast
Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA)
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Related articles
Basic Notes on OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
OSPF Network Types
OSPF DR and BDR election
OSPF neighbors
Basic notes on BGP (border gateway protocol)
Passive Interface (RIP,OSPF and EIGRP) explained with interview questions
How to Prepare for NETWORK ENGINEER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Difference between Linkstate and distance vector protocols

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Notes on Administrative Distance and Metric

4Comments:
Anonymous
December 16, 2013 at 1:45 PM

Hello timers I guess should be reversed. broadcast 10/40 and Non broadcast 30/120 sec.
REPLY

Anonymous
November 25, 2014 at 3:05 PM

yes
REPLY

Ron
October 11, 2014 at 5:01 AM

The hello and dead timer for Broadcast and P2P network is 10sec and 40sec respectively
and for the NBMA network it is 30sec and 120sec.
REPLY

Anonymous
March 5, 2016 at 6:31 PM

Thanks Shabeer
REPLY
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