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diisopropylphosphofluoridate
prototype for the nerve gas sarin
permanently inactivates serine proteases by
forming a covalent bond with the active site
serine
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MICROBIAL GROWTH
KINETICS
3 major type:
Batch culture
Continuous or Chemostat Culture
Fed-batch Culture
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BATCH
CULTURE
BATCH CULTURE
i)Time
Lag
phase
of adaptation of cell to the environment or medium
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GROWTH VS
MULTIPLICATIO
N CURVE
MULTIPLICATION CURVE
GROWTH CURVE
X = Biomass
concentration
Individual phases:
1: Lag phase
2: Accelaration
phase
3: Balanced growth
4: Deceleration
phase
5: Stationary phase
6: Death phase
MULTIPLICATION CURVE
N = No of cell
Individual phases:
1: Lag phase
2: Accelaration
phase
3: Balanced growth
4: Deceleration
phase
5: Stationary phase
6: Death phase
PRODUCTION
KINETICS
Where:
dx = Change in biomass concentration.
dt = Change in incubation time.
x = biomass concentration.
Specific growth rate, expressed in reciprocal time unit (h-1).
Microorganisms
max (h-1)
Bacteria
Cultivation
Temperature
37C
Yeast
30C
0.3-0.5
Actinomycetes
28C
0.1-0.3
Fungal
28C
0.1-0.3
0.6-1.2
Parameter
Equation
Cell (Y x/s)
X / S
Product (Y p/s)
P / S
p/x)
/ X
Y isProduct
not (Y
constant,
will varyPdepending
on organism, pH,
temperature and substrate
Batch Productivity
Productivity
(R batch) =
X max Xo
T final T
initial
Where;
X max = maximum cell concentration at stationary phase
Xo = initial cell during inoculation
T final = time during which organism growing at max
T initial = time which organism not growing at max, including lag phase,
deceleration phase period of batching, sterilizing and so on.
Incubatio dt
n Time
(h)
1/t
[Cell] (g/L)
1/x
dx/dt
(h-1)
0.1
0.004
0.2
10.0
0.004
0.04
0.3
5.0
0.004
0.021
0.3
3.33
0
24
0.042
24
0.1
48
0.021
48
0.2
72
72
0.014
0.3
96
96
0.3
120
120
0.2
144
144
0.1
168
168
0.05
192
192
dx
0.02
CONTINUOUS
CULTURE
CONTINUOUS CULTURE
Biomass production
Growth associated product or primary metabolite e.g: ethanol,
citric acid
Not suitable for non-growth associated or secondary metabolite
e.g: antibiotic
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Important
BATCH CULTURE
CONTINUOUS CULTURE
FED-BATCH
CULTURE
PRODUCT
FORMATION
Production kinetics
Products
Growth-associated.
produced at the same time as cell growth.
constitutive enzymes (ones that are normally present).
glucose isomerase.
metabolic intermediates.
pyruvate, citrate, acetate.
Non-growth-associated.
takes place during the stationary phase (m=0)
secondary metabolites.
Antibiotics.
Mixed - growth associated / Partially growth associated.
takes place during growth and stationary phases.
metabolic by-products.
lactate, ethanol.
secondary metabolites.
Primary Metabolite
Secondary Metabolite