University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering

CIV-324Hl Geotechnical Engineering II

MIDTERM EXAMINATION - February 29, 2016
Read all questions carefully.
OPEN BOOK & NOTES
All calculations must be neat and easy to follow to receive partial credit.
Clearly identify any assumptions, estimates, or conditions upon which your solutions are based.
If you could not solve part of a question, you can make reasonable assumptions and continue for partial credit.
Question 3
,~ I 5

Question 2

Question 1

tO 110

/3

Question 4

\2 I 12

Question 1: (short answers)

An off-shore oil exploration platform can be built on a quartz sand deposit, or on a carbonate sand
deposit. Which would you expect to be the better option and why? (1 point)

Q~~

so---d- d~fo~1 t-_ Q'-~j--z: N"5C \~G~

s~"O ~l <&.. ti"' ~ ea.__,_ pY': h) tJ g,,, 0\IL'-"""'--.;; -t~ .

What would you do if your project is in an area with possibility of quick clays? (1 point)

~'~\-

u,u

P Z,r~ /'"vi----

J-c

()~~~.~ .. ~\\"~~./:
<) I J-_.
I "'- v (._~y:f1 o..:ti 0'"'"' .

What does the term "alluvial" mean in geology? (1 point)

So fls

(e

C>-

:y

+-4d-

t:.v-~

~a-sifctl !oy
\~v,~ . <-:-J:>~
f/occl.) -ere-.) Or~ CP-f,(-eJ ~~Vl c,\.

o---'C

y,l/'f_'('):,

Differei tial settlements are a design concern for a building. Four boreholes have been completed
during the site investigation phase. How would the knowledge of the geology of the site (marine vs.
alluvial) help the design? (2 points)
.I
.-'I '

,511Lce tAJ((__ 0-{vck!J-eli ~w +N._ 7pc & pok:v\tl ~ ~d&\.eS:..>

o -f
s oJ:s /2ro vv-.. -H~ l.:2-07d'"'-0 Le...~ 1 ~ d~ ~l\ 1 .,'--~ . '"' f&-v-v--h,0 0-> C.OnffVlL>--Ov-d """-Vl v~~~"'-bl~ .P~v ot,..--e., O\.tlu.v~ ;\ cl~o~d-:S o.v~

hu\.\f-e.

1 ~ore vo.r,'06/-e &

h:, hv-'
A clay has a Plastic Index 30 and Liquid Limit of 45. What type of behaviour do you expect it to have
\
o at moisture content of 10%? Select one:
~Plastic - Viscous (1 point)
V
o at moisture content of 20%? Select one:
Brittle~ Viscous (I point)
o

PL ::;

Lj

s -3 0

::=

Is-

6~/ltle.. Pj Pl\Jh

1 ;5 t

What is permafrost? (1 point)

IO

ff.f~J+; ,f?r-o?=-eV\
i ?o~

St>

v~

of

i:r2-.

LtS-

d (fefl~ rO~~) lbw.___J

IV'-

~
:3

.-e.O' "'"s ,

CV {An~~ i fh rv-e,j

Vi ~

vbc..ov-j jjv:_,cl

.2.-0

~"'I

How does the consolidation rate change if the soil becomes

o more permeable? (1 point)
'1 "'- <-r e_o...._..)e
o more compressible? (1 point)
J,ec--v ~J e_

1 of5

TL

UJ.r..-Trv\,

Wv"-SCIJ:~-h~~ -

University of Toronto, Department qf Civil Engineering

Question 2: (3 points)
The moist unit weight of a soil is 18 kN/m 3 The moisture content of the soil is 19% and the specific
gravity of soil solids is 2.65 . Determine: (3 points)

Void ratio

E( 1. \ 1-0-

ef Cyo.'.iG fei-t-6 ~
0

~ = (-s (It w )
I -t e_

l; , ' __,. -e

~ Cs

(~-._._J_ ~ '-'-"" )

\,(_

(1-tW) /<; 0o

-J = :z.6 )(l-f~ ,\'}) K9, 8

vv

Degree of saturation

Saturated unit weight

/. i

80. &-1 11 ~

C-s + -e
l+e

2 of5

~w

;J"

2 .b

s- --t

-1- (_

i+O.r-:t-"G

-I= (} 1-2

University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering

Question 3: (2+3 points)

Classify (both symbol and group name) the soil from sample Pl-1 (attached sheet) with Liquid Limit
of 45 and Plastic Limit of 35
CJ VD--.J ~ - IO
"/. ~ <A."'-Gi\I ::=

u/.

(L

51- o
LL< ;;a .~

00

>-- Jo a>!
'/

;.

1::'.

j J

,--,;;

i3/

'

'1 S-- 3 S- = \ o
l:?_e/~~ - - ~A,~e - f r I~M-l_ _,]
f'f:

r~ oY- (A_~,c_

fo Sex_~) )

fa

YO--V

e__{

( 1s-7 or~f:;j

Classify (both symbol and group name) the soil from sample P3-1 (attached sheet) with Liquid Limit
of 20 and Plastic Limit of 14

A-ydro~ ~fo.. .

;: : :.
-:Jo

Cc....

:; I 00

:::-

\~ 3

'Z.
t;

/, () <cu;e-/ -::c

::C, ,(

3 of5

_o_.\_z.._ _ ::::- 2. '""<'

o . eiz5

'i.... 0-

z.)

,,- '

'(:)

Io .-er:/-9 ::c 2! '7,

rt"" w-\L-r"' 6
'/,,, :;,,.~ ""'" r:flJ - 20. 9~ '.)(3. \

fa

---M=----? \_? L-S M J

8vo.ve) - \ ?:, 'ii 11, d '1 eg ~--J ~ ~-e

/, .5~ / i'~ vo..v</ _ _/ I L'r,

?/

O,b D 60

re::; 20. 9I, -

"2..

r:;r-e,~ _

Cl
$

tr' ;

{)

/)

University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering

Question 4: (12 points)

Building "B" is proposed for construction at the site described below. Building "B" is 20 m by 20 min plan
dimensions, and will exert an average contact stress of about 140 kPa over its footprint.
Building "A" was constructed at this site but far from building B over twenty years ago. It is 32 m by 50 m
in plan dimension and exerts an average contact stress of about 100 kPa over its footprint. Settlement
recordings indicate that consolidation of the clay layer contributed about 4.0 cm to the settlement at the
center of Building "A'', and.that consolidation of the clay layer is complete.
Oedometer test data for the clay layer indicate that it has an average over-consolidation ratio (OCR) = 2.0 .
The clay layer appears to be essentially the same beneath Building "A" and the proposed Building "B". The
water table is 1 m from the ground surface. Assume all soil densities to be 20 kN/m 3

Estimate the settlement that Building "B" can be expected to experience due to consolidation of the clay
layer.
Use the recorded settlements at Building "A", along with the 2: 1 method to back calculate any
parameter(s) needed. Use the Boussinesq solution (chart) for stress calculation under Building "B''. No
need to subdivide the clay into more layers.
Just in case you could not do the back calculation, you can make reasonable assumptions regarding the
value( s) of parameter(s) and calculate the settlement under Building "B" for partial credit.

Building
"B"
Building 'J:\"
,' .,

rz.~W'

Dense sand

I ~

ri1

{'./\.

ccJc:...~l...he'-"

Very st/ff.clay

pc( . . _ -t-"

Rock

i'.\ificJ

effew~

~;;

11' 2-0

S~s

o--+ ,,.__;Jc) l~ of

+ \'1-'f.. 2-0 + Z.,

'!-.. 2D

-->

(_,~,

Lt ti 0

~ou
~uJ/,

f""V\

2-

K-\'JC>...
13 (.;.; tcl',o

t>v ~
4 of5

A.

1" cv~.)e
Io ox 32 ';) a
Lt l

A- - (-;;z-t22)( '5 0-t'2Z)

I

~/

flvo

+ ~~

\
,~

D~

f?ra---.

Name:

University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering

rz
I

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i

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ci_/

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i.

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11> ~

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6 c;:L ~ 'J-D

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x \ ~ or-- o. o <:t- :::::- S 9-. i<-P6I

v~ 4 ""
~ ~ z3 11 -r -s 9 s 2 T 3 v-<=>~ < V11 r
sh 11
6 G
,,, So .er.<:;>.ef vff j
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50
5 of5

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Golder Associates Ltd. - Burnaby Laboratory

4280 Still Creek Drive
Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5C 6C6

Reference

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS

ASTM D 422-63 (2007)

Project No.:

09-1411-5100

Borehole:

DH09-P1

Client :

BC

Sample No.:

P1-1

Depth (m ):

20

Lab ID No:

24

Project:
Location:

Campbell River, BC

Specific Gravity

2.76

(assumed):

Other
Remarks:

Stirring

Dispersion Method:

Dispersion Period {min):

Sieve Size

(USS)

(mm)

Passing

3.5"

87.50

100.0

3"

75.00

100.0

2"

50.00

100.0

1.5"

37.50

100.0

1"

25.00

Size of opening,inches

24

100

100.0

90

1,a

1/2"

3/8"

19.00
12.50
9.50

100.0

11 :

#4

4.75

#10

2.00

100.0

#20

0.850

100.0

70

!1!
Ill

100.0

#40

0.425

99.6

#60

0.250

94.7

#100

0.150

81.0

#200

0.075

57.0

0.0465

35.6

!----~-+~~~-+~~

0.0337

27.6

0.0217

21 .9

0.0127

17.6

0.0090

14.8

0.0064

12.1

0.0046

10.4

0.0033

8.4

0.0027

7.9

0.0013

Ill!!i

100.0

4 .6

3/8

#4

#10

#200

#20 #40 #60

1!i

t i! !
'!. .

I Iill

iii!

80

100.0

3/4

li i

l!

I
i

!!

,i ,!

H
~; ~ i

!! jj

!.'

.l

'

Ii

!ii!
11: 1

': i i
111 t

:1 I

Iii

!; i

il l

i\1!

ii

,.

111

i' ji

i,'

ii !1! I

:i

!1 1

!fl !I

!I..

il i 1

!Ii i

1
'

il 1

'I
!
I!

i[

II,

11

iliiil

i,1.:.', ',;

,II

Ii!!1i

11
.!

\
j

<! ! l

ii

'

; I

I i

'j!ii lI

l!i
l!!

uses GRAIN S!ZE SCALE

U.S. Standard Sieve Size. opel)ing in meshes/ Inch

12

i !i

314"

,!i i ;

II

60 ~',~'H-r-+-+---1+e"'+i--t-+--i-1--l+'-',.IH-+--'-+--l*il::' ,-H--'--l-'--l;...-41~
: ,'-+-'-+-~1.~+:+:+,++-i-1-1~-++H'-ri-i-+-----l
~

::
~ 50
;

-i~

1~

40

l.,

Ii

iiI[

ii

\i
t!'

ii :

i!

ii,! !
ii

20

10

ii"
ll

'Ii,1'

I.

_i.,;., 1

11

il

Ii

:1

11

!l

I:

l,,!

lj.:'.,i

I;,'~.

!f\i

!!

!!

30

I~

Ii

I
1

Ii

i,

~l,!,*!,+-+-+-l-i -+-t+++++-ri--+-----+++++-'H~J-;--;~1,i tt+-+-+

il --+--H!il+i-..+q--+-----+++!'il,. ++H--+---rl,.

-+t'--+---+-----1

~it i!.._,__,_,_-+----1-+---+-+-~--+e"+-+-'-~~- . ._. _,--+-~!~__. . . !j ~;-;-+~i\il~_.._+!~i-+-'-~--+-~#~--+-,__._-+----1

'
+

i ~li .i

i\ ' i

Ii i
11 1
11\i l
I\\
~::+:--+---+--+---+H-'-'++-+-~-+--++'-~-+---w+-i-+---+~~-+--+-+---'-~++--'+u!<-+-+~++++--+--+~--l

~1+1'---'-'-'-'---+~!i~i!____'-'- '- -+~i~!. _._~..__-~l!1'-'-1'"'-'-'--'~4'-"!~1.._~...._-+i~l!~l_I_~

i ~1-'-1~~!~i_i..............~4

1000

100

0. 1

10

0.01

0.001

0.0001

Grain Size (mm)

BOULDER

I,t----r----t---.---..----llI
GRAVEL

C066LE

Co~!U

SAND

F.ne

ccarse

FINES (Silt, Clay)

Mri:faim

The test data given herein pertain to the sample provided only. This report constitutes a testing seivice only.
Interpretation of the data can be provided upon request.

EB
TESTED BY

February 16, 2010

LP

February 17, 2010

DATE

CHECKED BY

DATE

Golder Associates Ltd. - Burnaby Laboratoiy

4280 Still Creek Drive

Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5C 6C6

Reference

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS

ASTM D 422-63 (2007)

Project No.:

109-1411-5100

Borehole:

DH09-P3

Client:

IBC

Sample No.:

P3-1

Depth (m ):

33

Proj ect:

lcampbell River,

location:

Specific Gravity

BC

Lab ID No:

(assumed):

2 .76

24

Other
Remarks:

Stirring

Dispersion Method:
Dispersion Period (min):
Sieve Size

(USS)

(mm)

Passing

3.5"

87.50

100.0

3"

75.00

100.0

50.00

100.0

2"
C - - - - -

1.5"

Size of opening.inches

24

12

3/4

3/B

#4

#10

100

100.0

1"

25.00

100.0

3/4"

19.00

100.0

1/2"

12.50

100.0

3/8"

9.50

97.9

#4

4.75

79.0

#10

2.00

52.6

#20
__

0.850

42.4

#40

0.425

40.2

- - -

#60

0.250

38.5

#100

0.150

33.9

#200

0.075

20.9

0.0486

13.3

0.0347

11.4

0.0222

9.3

!!

f!

lli[

iiI .
; \

"

ii

1ii

! !
1

Il

I!
i

ii i

II i' I l 'I

11!

!l1: '. ,i' I

l!l

'.
1.

:ii

Ii1:

I
j

II

.1.

i l l

!Ii

l1i !

!.'

H!
1; 11: I

I!!\I i !

- ----- - - -- - - - --

..

#200

j!!!\ i i

l;i

--- - ~-

#20 #40 #80

HIi
Iii!
It!

37.50

uses GRAIN SIZE SCALE

U.S. Standard Sieve Size, cpening iri meshes I inch

i.,.,

1111 1

!!!,!Iii 1:

Iii I! I
I

........

::!:

..
>.

Ill

::;
c
u:

c
41

!:?
GI

11.

- ---- - -

0.0129

8.5

0.0092

6.9

0.0065

5.4

0.0046

5.0

0.0033

3.8

--

0.0027

0
1000

100

0.0014

3.2

r----

1.6 ,,_
_ __

(/ -

C),\,_,

/ ,_;:,

0.1

o 0Z2' 0.01.

0.001

0.0001

Grain Size (mm)

- ~

,....__--- ----

10

BOULDER

GRAVEL

COBBLE

SAND
FlNES {.Sm. Clay)

"-I """m I

The test data given herein pertain to the sample provided only. This report constitutes a testing service only.
Interpretation of the data can be provided upon request.

EB
TESTED BY

February 15, 2010

LP

February 15, 2010

DATE

CHECKED SY

Dl'.TE