SUPPLY AND COMMAND

The reader of this pdf info is kindly requested to pay attention to the following words: CHIN STATE and CHINS! The PLIGHT and
FATE of the Chins and Arakanese - and on a wider sense that of all the other PEOPLES of BURMA as well - are nowadays closely intertwined
through gas exploitations along the Arakan coastal lines.

Thank you.

Thang Za Dal(Mr)
October 10, 2016
_____________________________________________

Note: This page is added to the original 60-page info paper by myself.

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Arakanese spelling
Dhanyawaddy
Krarnegan
Kyauk Phru
Laymro
Mayu
Ponnagywan
Saichaung
Site-tway
Vesali
Roma

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Burmese spelling
Danyawadi
Kyarnegan
Kyauk Phyu
Laymyo
May-Yu
Ponnagyun
Saigyaung
Sittwe
Vasali
Yoma

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the SPDC. Total, a French company, also settled a lawsuit out

of court; some argue that Frances weak support for EU
sanctions against Burma is related to Totals stake in the gas
fields. In 1992, Petro-Canada, then a state-owned company,
halted on-land oil exploration after public pressure within Canada.
Despite these pull-outs, over the 1990s investment in Burma
increased, most notably from Asian countries. Four of the top
five international investors in Burma are located in Asia.
Singapore tops the list, followed by Britain, Thailand, Malaysia,
and Hong Kong.5 The new generation of gas and oil investors
in western Burma follows this trend. Two consortiums operating on and offshore of Arakan State are made up of companies
from South Korea, India, China, and Singapore. This mix is spiced
up by Burmas own Asia World Company, run by the son of a
famous drug lord. Meanwhile, Malaysian and Thai interests, together with the help of western drill ships, continue to explore
for gas offshore of eastern Burma. Western companies are
also involved in the Shwe project. Subcontractors from Italy,
Belgium, Norway, New Zealand, Canada and the US have been
or are involved in work such as drilling and conducting studies
(see Appendix 1).
Asian countries have not placed sanctions on Burma; Asian companies rarely face corporate lawsuits or large public campaigns.
However, South Korea and India both have long democratic
traditions and strong peoples movements and the Shwe project
has sparked reactions from citizens in both countries concerned
about the human rights situation in Burma. In an increasingly
globalised economy, public image and litigation impacts companies regardless of their country of origin. Meanwhile, the junta
remains difficult to do business with: Transparency International
ranked Burma as one of the top five most corrupt nations in the
world in 2005. It seems that Asian corporations may face similar challenges as their western counterparts.

Natural gas
Globally, most natural gas is used to generate electricity
through power plants but it is also used for cooking. Gas
is also becoming a popular alternative motor fuel. Natural
gas is formed naturally in the earth when over 200 million
year-old organic material decomposes under pressure.
Although natural gas - consisting mainly of methane - is
a common feature in many places around the world, only
large pockets of trapped gas are considered for
commercial extraction.
Natural gas is removed from the earth by drilling wells
into the seabed or ground. In most wells, the pressure of
the gas is enough to force it to the surface. The original
size of a gas deposit is measured in cubic feet. One cubic
foot of natural gas on average produces approx. 1,000
British Thermal Units (BTU) of energy.
There are 3 main ways of transporting natural gas:
! Pipelines Natural gas is extracted and pumped
directly through pipelines to reach an end
destination.
! Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Natural gas is
cooled down to -161 degrees Celsius, at which point
it becomes liquid. This reduces the volume of the
gas by approximately 600 times, making transport
easier. The liquefaction and re-gasification
processes require very expensive plants.
! Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Natural gas is
compressed at high pressure, reducing the original
gas volume by approximately 200 times.
Information from: www.indiainfoline.com/auto/feat/lpga.html

Overview

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0)##$?55#.32>$Z1A
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c&+973T;7())$;+--#9;2(7T);(7#$8()$3#5+)2/d$(-+4./2.8$/+$\ABT
LAf$/92772+.$;4<2;$6##/$0/;61$2.$2/)$+66)"+9#$#>57+9(/2+.$<7+;@$?TZG
2.$ &#77)$ ;(77#3$ %"&#A$ %4<)#_4#./$ #)/2-(/#)$ +6$ /"#$ 32);+,#9=
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"+73$($-2.2-4-$+6$ZC$/;6$&"27#$/"#$&"+7#$?TZ$<7+;@$;+473$=2#73
45$/+$Z\$/;6A%
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10-14

9.7

Gas
reserves
(tcf)

US$3.70

US$3.70

End user
price/Mmbtu
(million Btu)

US$2.3bn

US$3.8 bn

Production
costs over
20 years

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<()#3$+.$/"#$%SVFD)$)/(.3(93$59+;#349#)$2.$59+34;/2+.$)"(9T
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/2,#$#)/2-(/#$+6$/"#$%SVFD)$)"(9#$+6$/"#$59+62/)$69+-$/"#$%"&#
59+I#;/A

US$37-52bn

US$21.1bn

Total
revenue

US$12-17 bn

US$8bn

MOGE/SPDC
total net
income

US$580-824m

MOGE/SPDC
net income
per year over
20 years
US$400m

!!

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MOGE
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15 20%
0%

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:49-(A

Country of
origin
China

60%
10%
20%
10%

Share

%#,#9(7$;+-5(.2#)$(9#$+9$"(,#$<##.$+.$;+./9(;/$/+$+5#9(/#$2.
/"#$?TZ$(.3$?T[$<7+;@)h$3#/(27)$(9#$59+,23#3$2.$?55#.32>$ZA$V#/(27)
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(.3$/"#$+.)"+9#$<7+;@)$*$(.3$Y$(9#$59+,23#3$2.$?55#.32>$BA

China

Date of
approval
December 2004
October 2004
December 2004
October 2004
December 2004
October 2004
May 2005

Operating
blocks
A-1 & A-3
A-1 & A-3
A-1 & A-3
A-1 & A-3

A$B+')3C)"12%$/*'F)1%'($&*/K)*/)<'F&'(/)M-(2$
Company

CNOOC

Singapore

Approved
block
A-4
M
A-4
M
A-4
M
A-2, L

Country of
origin
South Korea
South Korea
India
India

HQCEC

India

Daewoo
KOGAS
ONGC
GAIL

Golden
Aaron

Company

Essar Oil

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Conclusion
The Shwe gas project in western Burma is poised to provide the
ruling military junta with its single largest source of income. The
income will further entrench the junta, allowing it to insulate
itself from international pressure by selling off the resources of
its people. An already abysmal human rights situation in the project
area is set to get much worse as troops will move in to develop
infrastructure and secure project interests. Indeed, exclusion
zones around drilling rigs at sea have already deprived fishermen
of their livelihood; several have been beaten and arrested.
Environmentally and culturally significant areas are also at risk
as no impact assessments have been conducted and development
projects in Burma have a history of destructive impacts. The
junta is exporting the resources of its people without their
knowledge or consent despite severe energy shortages in
western Burma.
The negative impacts of large development projects must always
be weighed against their benefits. Democratic structures can
ensure that this process is done openly and considers the interests
of all concerned parties, particularly potentially affected people.
In Burma, however, criticism of government-sponsored activities
leads only to punishment and the media is heavily censored,
prohibiting open debate about such projects.

without fearing persecution. Without this, the Shwe project must

not go forward.
The Shwe Gas Movement urges:

all corporations and businesses involved in the Shwe

project, either state or privately owned, to freeze all
current business with the military regime and refrain
from further investment and exploration until a dialogue
can be held with a democratically-elected government.

foreign governments, institutions, and civil society,

particularly in the region, to pressure businesses involved
in the Shwe gas project to freeze all current business
with the military regime and refrain from further
investment.

the broader international community to continue to

expose the dangers posed by the Shwe gas project.

In order to address the potential social, economic, and

environmental impacts of the Shwe gas project and to enable its
benefits to be distributed equitably, Burma needs a democratic
system of governance in which people can voice their concerns

Many tactics are needed to show the corporations and governments involved with Burmas junta that the downside
of resource extraction under present conditions violence, human rights abuse, and environmental degradation
outweighs the short term profits to be made.69
Conclusion

43

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10-14

9.7

Gas
reserves
(tcf)

US$3.70

US$3.70

End user
price/Mmbtu
(million Btu)

US$2.3bn

US$3.8 bn

Production
costs over
20 years

US$37-52bn

US$21.1bn

Total
revenue

US$12-17 bn

US$8bn

MOGE/SPDC
total net
income

US$580-824m

MOGE/SPDC
net income
per year over
20 years
US$400m

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0%

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