Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DOS CIDADOS
Cdigo do IEFP: 6663
Autor do Manual:
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NDICE
Objetivos
do
manual
3
Background
information
/
Human
rights
. 4
Useful
words
5
Fighting
for
the
right
to
be
beautiful
. 7
Multiculturalism
... 9
Islam
insult
woman
facing
death
.14
Womens
rights
16
Persecuted
for
being
white
.17
Song
by
Santana
20
Freedom
of
speech
... 21
Universal
DeclarationofHumanrights
Articles
.22
Bibliografia
..24
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FORMAS DE ORGANIZAO
Exposio terica dos temas do mdulo Debater os direitos e deveres dos
cidados.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
HUMAN RIGHTS
All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed
with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Art.1
The theme Human Rights has been an essential and debated subject throughout
the years. Its implementation was not easy but many people have tried and fought to
keep them and make them a reality.
Human rights have been defined as basic moral guarantees that people in all
countries and cultures allegedly have simply because they are people. Calling these
guarantees rights suggests that they attach to particular individuals who can invoke
them, that they are of high priority and that compliance with them is mandatory rather
than discretionary. Human rights are frequently held to be universal in the sense that
all people have and should enjoy them and to be independent in the sense that they
exist and are available as standards of justification and criticism whether or not they
are recognized and implemented by the legal system or officials of a country. (Nickel,
1992:561 2)
The moral doctrine of human rights aims at identifying the fundamental
prerequisites for each human being leading a minimally good life. Human rights aim to
identify both the necessary negative and positive prerequisites for leading a minimally
good life, such us rights against torture and rights to health care. This aspiration has
been enshrined in various declarations and legal conventions issued during the past
fifty years, initiated by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1954) and the
International Covenant on Civil and Economic Rights (1966). Together these three
documents form the centerpiece of a moral doctrine that many consider to be capable
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Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this
right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either
alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Art. 18
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin,
property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on
the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country
or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust,
non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Art.2
USEFUL VOCABULARY
WORDS
TRANSLATION
Discriminated
Discriminado /a
Values
Valores
Customs
Costumes
Racial
Racial
Ethnic
tnico /a
Symbols
Simbolos
Issue
Questo / assunto
Equality
Igualdade
Feeling
Sentiment
Pride / proud
Orgulho / orgulhoso /a
Demand
Exigir
Challenge
Desafio
Offensive
Ofensivo
Mainstream culture
Culturavigente
Diversity
Diversidade
Allow
Permitir
Democratic
Democrtico
Hostile
Hostil
Friendship
Amizade
Concept
Conceito
Stereotype
Esteretipo
Standards
Padres
Mix of cultures
Mistura de culturas
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Disparities
Threaten
Ban
Mosque
Church
Policy
Similar
Enforce
Damage
Multicultural
Law
Tolerance / tolerant
Sophisticated
Capable of
Exploit
Troubles
Isolated
Peaceful
Excuse
Neighbourhood
Role
Perception
Provide
Prejudice
Faith
Scorn
Holy
Put up with
Behavior
Relationship
Current social problems
Accountability
Burqa
Stunning
Cohesion
Peoples
Trampling
Seek
Slavery
Gender
Judgment
Avoid
Prohibit
Oblige
Impose
Obey
Employment
Segregation
Disobey
Attach
Choice
Choose
Disparidades
Ameaar
Proibir / banir
Mesquite
Igreja
Poltica
Similar / semelhante
Compelir / fazer cumprir
Estragon / prejuzo
Multicultural
Lei
Tolerncia / tolerante
Sofisticado
Capaz de
Explorer / tirarpartido de
Problemas / sarilhos
Isolado
Pacific
Desculpa
Vizinhana
Papel / funo
Perceo
Fornecer
Preconceito
F
Desdm
Sagrado
Tolerar / aturar
Comportamento
Relacionamento
Problemassociaisatuais
Responsabilidade
Burca
Assombroso / invulgar
Coeso
Povos
Atropelo
Procurer / buscar
Escravatura
Gnero
Julgamento
Evitar
Proibir
Obrigar
Impor
Obedecer
Emprego
Segregao / separao
Desobedecer
Vincular / unir
Escolha
Escolher
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Speech
Discurso
A
Read the following text and answer the questions.
going to join the Rebel forces, the National Liberation Army of Iran (NLA). She used the
pretext of visiting friends.
This was not her only sacrifice. Her husband volunteered to join the army too. In the
NLA the women know celibacy is inevitable. She knew she would have to divorce and
this would be a very difficult choice because she loved her husband.
However she couldn't stand living any more in a country under martial law. There was
no future for her. She had already spent her youth in prison because when she was
eighteen and a member of the movement opposing the Ayatollah, she was condemned
to nine years for distributing leaflets. She was tortured and saw many people
slaughtered.
A woman was even taken just because she used nail varnish. The Guard locked her in a
dark room and put her hands in two sacks full of cockroaches.
Parvin's story is a testament to the personal sacrifices each woman has made in joining
the rebel army. They say, trying to control their sadness, "We are fighting for our
daughters' freedom."
Source: Marie Claire, May, 1999
(abridged and adapted)
WORDS
banned- forbidden
threat- intention to punish or hurt
celibacy- a life without sexual relations
slaughtered- killed, massacred
cockroaches-large, dark-brown insects
EXPRESSIONS
head for - take the direction of, go to
MULTICULTURALISM
1. SourcesofHarmonyandConflict
Living in a multicultural community was never easy. There
are many aspects that keep people closer like language,
race, culture, religion or myths; the same aspects, however,
can be sources of conflict when extremism, antagonism or
even beliefs are at stake. What brings people together may
also lead to extreme situations of conflict, war or hate.
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2. Race
The causes of race conflict are
complex and cannot be reduced to
a single factor. Its rise and fall are
often linked with real conflicts of
interest and competition for scarce
resources.
It has commonly accompanied
slavery, colonialism and other forms
of exploitation and inequality In
other cases relatively powerless
groups that have felt threatened by
social and economic instability have
blamed other powerless groups for
their predicament. The insecure
white working class and lower
middle class of industrial societies
have often expressed racist attitudes toward defenseless minorities, such as blacks in
the United Sates or Commonwealth immigrants in Great Britain.
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Rapid social change often fosters discrimination. Examples are the sudden immigration
of highly visible groups of foreigners, quick changes in the ethnic composition of a
neighbourhood or the threat of political change brought on by a nationalist movement.
Racism, in short, is frequently an irrational reaction to a real or perceived threat to the
status quo.
No one considers himself personally to be prejudiced.
But prejudice is about much more than personalities; it is about privilege. All our social
structures are built around competition rather than co-operation. Discrimination is a
consequence of dominant groups trying to keep their privileges at the expense of all
others.
People must fight against any kind of discrimination not only on the streets but also
involving themselves in political action, reporting in the papers we read, protesting
against culturally insensitive education, helping to improve the atmosphere at our
workplace, supporting local campaigns against racial injustice.
B.
1. Name the main causes of racism and discrimination.
2. Do people easily admit they are racist? Why?
3. What can one do to prevent demonstrations of hate and racism?
3. Language
Language is one of the most difficult barriers to
full integration. The older generations of
immigrants have often felt that so deeply that
they made their children learn the native
language of the country they were living in,
even if this meant forgetting the language of
their ancestors.
Using the same language links people from
different worlds or races and it should be an
element of union rather than of conflict.
C.
1. Older and younger generations show
different approaches towards learning a new
language. How do you account for that?
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Ethnical cultures, however, where the language is an essential linking feature and
plays an important role - like Welsh or Gaelic or Spanish for example - may become
very intolerant towards language unification.
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D.
1. What is the prevailing attitude towards the various religions and
beliefs inside a community?
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C
Read the following text and do the exercises:
'Islam insult' woman facing death
A
Pakistani
Christian
woman
condemned
to
death
for
blasphemy against Islam, has
tearfully pleaded her innocence
and asked that her life be spared.
The case of Asia Bibi, 45, has
drawn appeals from Pope Benedict
XVI and human rights groups to
free her. She was sentenced to
death earlier this month and has
been in prison for the last 18
months.
MrsBibihas
appeared
in
a
televised interview at her prison, protesting her innocence to
reporters and maintaining the case stemmed from a personal dispute.
"It was just the outcome of a rivalry. I would never even think of
blasphemy," she said weeping. "I have small children. For God's sake,
please set me free."
The verdict has drawn attention to Pakistan's blasphemy laws, which
critics say are used to persecute Christian and other minorities and
fan extremism. They are also often exploited to settle personal
grudges.
Shahbaz Bhatti, Pakistan's minister for minority affairs, said that
President Asif Ali Zardari has asked for a report on the case.
"The president has taken notice of this case ... he is concerned on this
issue," Mr Bhatti said, adding that Zardari has the power to pardon
her even ahead of the court appeal.
Her husband said MrsBibi's original spat was in June 2009 with a
group of Muslim women who refused to drink from the same water
bowl as a Christian when they were picking fruit in an orchard in
their village of AttianWali, west of Lahore in Punjab province.
After MrsBibi argued with them, the women told the local imam that
MrsBibi had insulted the Prophet Mohammed. The imam told the
police and she was arrested. A local court sentenced her to death on
November 8.
Dozens of Pakistanis - many of them Christians - are sentenced to
death each year for blasphemy. Most cases are thrown out by higher
courts and no executions have been carried out, Mr Bhatti said, but
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Find opposites:
Absolved: _______________________________
Life: _______________________________
Guilt: _______________________________
Majority: _______________________________
Answered: _______________________________
Accepted: _______________________________
Lower: _______________________________
Find synonyms:
Liberate: _______________________________
Condemned: ___________________________
Jail: __________________________________
Dispute: ______________________________
Crying: _______________________________
Kids: _________________________________
Preoccupied :_____________________________
1)
Besides rights and freedoms, there are also duties. Write the words
RIGHT; DUTY and FREEDOM after its meaning:
Something people should do because it is what is expected. _____________________
Something people are entitled to and are allowed to. _________________________
Something people can do because they are free to choose.
-______________________
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D
Womens rights
Millions of women throughout the world
live in conditions of abject deprivation of,
and attacks against their fundamental
human rights for no reason than that
they are women.
Abuses against women are relentless,
systematic and widely tolerated, if not
explicitly
condoned.
Violence
and
discrimination against women are global
social epidemics, notwithstanding the
very real progress of the international
womens rights movement in identifying,
raising
awareness
about,
and
challenging impunity for womens human rights violations.
The Womens Rights Division of Human Rights Watch fights
against the dehumanization and marginalization of women. We
promote womens equal rights and human dignity. The realization of
womens equal rights is a global struggle based on universal human
rights and the rule of law. It requires all of us to unite in solidarity to
end traditions, practices and laws that harm women. It is a fight for
freedom to be fully and completely human and equal without apology
or permission. Ultimately, the struggle for womens human rights
must be about making womens lives matter everywhere all the time.
In practice, this means taking action to stop discrimination and
violence against women.
http://ww.hrw.org/women
Equality now
Equality Now was founded in 1992 to work for the protection and
promotion of the human rights of women around the world. Working
with the national human rights organizations and individual activists,
Equality Now documents violence and discrimination against women
and adds an international action overlay to support their efforts to
advance equality rights and defend individual women who are
suffering abuse. Through its Womens Action Network, Equality Now
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WORDS
loathed- disliked very much
endure- undergo
absence-lack
overhear- hear what someone says when he is not talking to you and he doesn't
know you're listening
EXPRESSIONS
no-man's land - the land of nowhere
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feel-good- optimistic
ostracized- treated in an unfriendly way and not allowed to take part in other
people's activities
C)
F
Listen to the song and answer the questions.
Everybody tells me, we love your songs
Your soul is precious, but it just aint good enough
You need a single to help you through
Program directors, they all make the rules
I said, youre kidding, youre putting me on
What about the constitution, freedom of expression
Listen to the music, just feel the sound
Love is the motion, thats what makes the world go around.
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G
Freedom of Religion
Because religious belief, or
non-belief,
is
such
an
important part of every
persons life, freedom of
religion
affects
every
individual.
Religious
institutions
that
use
government
power
in
support of themselves and
force their views on persons
of other faiths, or of no faith,
undermine all our civil rights.
Moreover, state support of
an established religion tends
to make the clergy unresponsive to their own people, and leads to
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Freedom of Expression
One of the most fundamental of our
freedoms is that summarized by the
First Amendment to the US
Constitution: freedom of expression.
Freedom of expression includes
everything listed in the First
Amendment freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, freedom of
religion, freedom of petition and
freedom of assembly. Unfortunately the founding fathers couldnt see
into the future and so omitted an equally important aspect of freedom
of expression: freedom of communication in any form, including
broadcast and electronic.
www.freedomofexpression.com
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should
act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2.
Work in pairs
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BIBLIOGRAFIA
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WEBGRAFIA
Google.com
www.un.org/en/document
www.merriam.webster.com
www.dictionary.reference.com
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