Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Welcome
Invitation from the Conference Chair......................................................................................................
Welcome Message
FAO....................................................................................................................................................
TEAKNET.............................................................................................................................................
IUFRO.................................................................................................................................................
ITTO...................................................................................................................................................
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5
6
7
Overall Programme
Conference themes...............................................................................................................................
List of Keynote Speaker.........................................................................................................................
Programme at a glance.........................................................................................................................
Organising Committee...........................................................................................................................
Scientific Committee.............................................................................................................................
Oral Presentation Programme.................................................................................................................
Poster Presentation Programme..............................................................................................................
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8
9
10
11
12
19
Abstarcts
Oral- Abstracts.....................................................................................................................................
Poster- Abstracts..................................................................................................................................
List of Participants................................................................................................................................
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On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the World Teak Conference 2015, it is my pleasure to invite you to join us in this
international event that will take place at the Hilton Colon Hotel, Guayaquil, Ecuador from the 11th to the 15th May, 2015.
The World Teak Conference 2015 is being jointly organized by Asociacin Ecuatoriana de Productores y Comercializadores de Teca
y Maderas Tropicales (ASOTECA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), TEAKNET, an international
teak information network, the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) and Soluciones Ambientales Totales
(SAMBITO), the event organizer.
The Conferences theme Strengthening Global Teak Resources and Markets for Sustainable Development will focus on economic,
social, technical and environmental issues that have an impact on the production, marketing and trade of teakwood. It will also
facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology among teak growing countries.
I take this opportunity to express our special gratitude to all of our sponsors, allies and strategic partners who entrusted us to
make this Conference possible, as well as our honorable speakers, organizers and committee members for their unparalleled
dedication and commitment to deliver an event of upmost quality. Once again, thank you for your interest to attend the World
Teak Conference 2015 and I look forward to meeting you in beautiful Guayaquil this coming May.
Sincerely,
Walter Kollert
Planted Forests Officer, FAO, Rome
4
Lars Graudal
Chairman, TEAKNET
Copenhagen, Denmark
5
Sincerely,
Mike Wingfield
6
Sincerely,
Emmanuel Ze Meka
Executive Director, ITTO, Japan
7
Keynote speakers
General Keynote
Keynote in Session I
Keynote in Session II
Keynote in Session III : Dr. Henri Bailleres, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia
Keynote in Session IV
Program at a Glance
Tuesday, 12 May 2015
08:00-09:00
09:00-09:30
Registration
09:00-09:20
Presentation 20
09:30-09:50
Presentation 9
09:20-09:40
Presentation 21
Opening ceremony
09:50-10:10
Presentation 10
09:40-10:00
Presentation 22
10:10-10:30
Presentation 11
10:00-10:15
Discussion
10:00-10:45
General Keynote
10:30-10:45
Discussion
09:00-10:00
10:45-11:15
11:15-11:45
Session I: Thematic Keynote
11:45-12:05
Presentation 1
10:15-10:45
Session IV: Thematic Keynote
Morning Break
11:15-11:35
Presentation 12
11:15-11:35
Presentation 23
11:35-11:55
Presentation 13
11:35-11:55
Presentation 24
12:05-12:25
Presentation 2
11:55-12:15
Presentation 14
11:55-12:15
Presentation 25
12:25-12:45
12:45-13:00
Presentation 3
Discussion
12:15-12:35
12:35-13:00
Presentation 15
Discussion
12:15-12:35
12:35-13:00
Presentation 26
Discussion
Presentation 16
14:15-14:35
Presentation 27
14:35-14:55
14:55-15:15
Presentation 28
Presentation 29
13:00 -14:15
Lunch
14:15-14:35
Presentation 4
14:15-14:35
14:35-14:55
14:55-15:15
Presentation 5
Presentation 6
14:35-14:55
Presentation 17
14:55-15:00
15:15-15:30
Discussion
Discussion
15:00-15:30
16:00-16:20
16:20-16:40
16:40-17:00
Presentation 7
Presentation 8
Discussion
19.00
Welcome Dinner
Presentation 18
Presentation 19
Discussion
15:15-15:30
Discussion
16:00- 17:00
Closing Ceremony
FAO, ITTO & TEAKNET
TEAKNET Steering
Committee Meeting
Organizing Committee
Chairman
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Scientific Committee
Chairman
Co Chairman
Session III: Management models for different value chains, including smallholder forestry
11
12
Registration
12 May 2015, Tuesday
08.00-09.00
Registration
09.00-10.00
Opening Ceremony
Government of Ecuador & ASOTECA
10.00-10.45
General Keynote
Mr. Darshan Raiyani
OLAM International, Singapore
10.45-11.15
Morning Break
11:15-11:45
11:45-12:05
12:05-12:25
12:25-12:45
12:45-13:00
13:00-14:15
13
14:15-14:35
14:35-14:55
14:55-15:15
OI-06: Mr. Juan Lopez, Camcore at North Carolina State University, USA
Profitability Model for a Teak Tree Breeding Program
15:15-15:30
Discussion
15:30-16:00
Afternoon Break
16:00-16:20
16:20-16:40
16:40-17:00
Discussion
19.00
Welcome Dinner
14
09:00-09:30
09:30-09:50
OI-09: Dr. Ashwani Kumar, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, India
Genetic Improvement of Teak in India for Growth and Timber Quality
09:50-10:10
10:10-10:30
10:30-10:45
Discussion
10.45-11.15
Morning Break
11:35-11:55
15
11:55-12:15
12:15-12:35
12:35-13:00
Discussion
13:00-14:15
Lunch Break
14:15-14:35
OI-16: Dr. Doreen K.S Goh, YSG Biotech Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
Top Teak From Test Tube to Worldwide Exportation
14:35-14:55
OI-17: Dr. Anoop E.V, College of Forestry, Kerala Agriculture University, India
Towards Securing Geographical Indicator Status for Nilambur Teak The Wood Quality Perspective
14:55-15:00
Discussion
Session III (a): Management Models for Different Value Chains, including Smallholder Forestry
Chairperson: Dr. P.K. Thulasidas, TEAKNET, India
15:15-15:30
Thematic Keynote : Dr. Henri Bailleres, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia
Enhancing Key Elements of The Value Chains for Plantation-Grown Teak Wood in Lao PDR
15:30-16:00
Afternoon Break
16:00-16:20
16:20-16:40
OI-19:
16:40-17:00
Discussion
17:30-19:00
16
OI-20: Ms. Nelly Grace Bedijo, Sawlog Production Grant Scheme, Uganda
Promoting Teak Plantation Development in Uganda: Analysis of the Sawlog Production Grant Scheme (SPGS) Model for
Community- Based Management of Planted Teak Forests
09:20-09:40
OI-21:
09:40-10:00
OI-22:
10:00-10:15
Discussion
10:15-10:45
10.45-11.15
Thematic Keynote : Mr. Hans Lemm, Kilombero Valley Teak Company, Tanzania
Teak Plantations Embedded in the Natural Landscape
Morning Break
11:15-11:35
11:35-11:55
OI-24: Ms. Marcela Arguedas, Instituto tecnolgico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Plagas y Enfermedades en Plantaciones de Teca (Tectona Grandis L.f.) en Centroamrica Nuevos Reportes
17
11:55-12:15
OI-25: Dr. Mario Guevara, Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
Aumento de la productividad de plantaciones establecidas de Tectonagrandis en sitios marginales mediante el mejoramiento de
las condiciones fsicas y qumicas del suelo
12:15-12:35
OI-26: Mr. William Andrew Whittier, Camcore at North Carolina State University, USA
Teak Seedlings Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms in a Hydroponic System Correlated with Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) Models
12:35-13:00
Discussion
13:00-14:15
Lunch Break
14:35-14:55
14:55-15:15
15:15-15:30
Discussion
15:30-16:00
16:00- 17:00
Afternoon Break
Closing Ceremony
Summary Report: Dr. Walter Kollert, FAO & Dr. P.K. Thulasidas, TEAKNET
Closing Remarks: Dr. Tetra Yanuariadi, ITTO, Japan
Cultural Dance programme
Official Closing of Conference: Mr. Lars Graudal, Chairman, TEAKNET
Friday, 15 May 2015
Field Trip
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19
P II - 02
Prof. Guihua Huang, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China
Study on Seedling Growth Traits, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) Clones
P II - 03
P II - 04
Mr. Joo Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Effect of tree spacing on swelling properties of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) wood from central-west region of Brazil
P II - 05
P II - 06
20
P II - 07
Dr. Ashwani Kumar, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, India
Genetic Improvement of Teak in India for Growth and Timber Quality
P II - 08
P II - 09
P II - 10
P II - 11
P II - 12
Dr. Luis Ugalde, International Forestry & Agroforestry - INFOA, Costa Rica
Superior Yield and Growth of Teak Clones on a Wide Variety of Sites Can Increase Land Value
P II - 13
P II - 14
Dr. Mohd Zaki Abdullah, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia
Evaluation of The Performance Of Tectona Grandis Progenies From Plus Trees In Peninsular Malaysia
21
Session III: Management Models for Different Value Chains, including Smallholder Forestry
P III - 01
P III - 02
P III - 03
Dr. Luis Ugalde, International Forestry & Agroforestry - INFOA, Costa Rica
Software to Predict Bucking of Standing Teak Trees for Maximum Commercial Volume and Value
P IV - 02
P IV - 03
P IV - 04
Mr. Juan Camilo Patio Zabala, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medelln, Colombia
Manejo de plantaciones de Teca aplicando modelos de distribucin diamtrica
P IV - 05
22
Abstracts
Oral Presentations
23
SESSION I
ECONOMICS, INVESTMENTS, MARKETS AND TRADE
24
General Keynote
World Teak Market Whats next?
Darshan Raiyani
The Teak market has gone through a dramatic change with the Myanmar government imposing a ban on export of round logs of teak and other hardwoods
from March 31st 2014. Myanmar was the worlds largest supplier of high quality teak logs with an annual exports of 300,000 Ht (Hoppus tons) or about
425,000 cbm of teak. This huge deficit is expected to bring about significant changes in the international Supply & Demand of teak and will most likely have a
lasting impact on both the exporting and importing countries. The worlds largest importer and consumer of teak, India, will be the most affected. There are
signs of some changes in preferences in India due to the very high prices of the Myanmar teak. Other Asian countries like Thailand, Pakistan, China, Vietnam
and Middle East, which relied on Myanmar teak would also have to reconcile with this change and alter consumption patterns. The high end consumers in
Europe and America would also feel the pinch due to the reduced volume and increased competition for the available quantities of Myanmar lumber. What
would be the impact of these changes in India and the other markets? Will there be a drop in consumption or will there be an increased demand for
plantation teak from Latin America and Africa? Can the gap left by Myanmar be filled by other countries, albeit in plantation Teak? Can the suppliers look
forward to better prices from the consuming markets? Can the destination markets pay higher prices? What are the risks of substitution by other timber
species and other materials like iron, aluminium, synthetic materials? Will Myanmar restart the export of logs? Once Myanmar has the necessary processing
capacity, what would be the expected volumes of teak lumber and how will it impact the other teak exporting nations? How will Myanmar Teak lumber be
received by high-end consumers? What are the ramifications of these changes on the world Teak market?
Darshan Raiyani
Senior Vice President and Head Wood Products
Olam International Limited
Singapore
Email: darshan@olamnet.com
25
Thematic Keynote
Global Teak Trade in the Aftermath of Myanmars Log Export Ban
Walter Kollert and Przemyslaw Jan Walotek
Myanmar and its major trading partners, in particular India and China, traditionally take a significant role in the global teak trade. However, uncontrolled and
illegal exports of teak and other hardwoods (Dalbergia spp., Pterocarpus spp.) from Myanmar have led to increased deforestation and forest degradation
which have increased the risk of natural disasters. As a consequence, the government of Myanmar has halted log exports as of March 31st, 2014 in order to
promote the export of more finished products. This log export ban has had significant impacts on the forestry sector and local timber market. Immediately
before the log export ban entered into force Myanmar forestry authorities observed a considerable rise of illegal harvests, log smuggling and illegal exports.
As logs can no longer be legally exported, but have to be processed locally the tenders conducted by the Myanmar Timber Enterprise (MTE) are hardly
frequented by private international buyers, and, as a result, the prices for locally produced teak are reported to have collapsed by up to 40% (IHB Timber
network). On the other hand the log export ban in Myanmar is said to have created a market opportunity for international suppliers of plantation teak from
Africa and Latin America to expand sales to India and other countries. In this context Indian importers are urging plantation teak suppliers to improve
plantation tending and management techniques in order to produce higher quality logs that come near to the quality of teak logs from natural forests. In view
of the rising scarcity of high quality teak logs international teak prices, e.g. in the US, are reported to have risen by approximately 10% -20% for average
quality, while prime quality timber for yacht building have jumped by up to 30% and are expected to go even higher as the stock of available raw material
continues to dwindle.
The paper aims to assess and evaluate the available data and information on global teak trade based on official timber trade and price statistics, and analyse
and evaluate the impact of the Myanmar log export ban on global teak trade, the international timber market, and the future management of teak
plantations.
Walter Kollert
Forestry Officer
FAO, Rome, Italy
Email: walter.kollert@fao.org
Current status of legal framework and administrative procedures in the forestry sector shaping teak management in
Myanmar
Ohn Lwin
Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f) has substantially contributed to the country's economy and pride for its premium quality. However, due to unavoidable longterm harvesting to earn foreign currency and other human interventions such as illegal logging, encroachment, shifting cultivation, land-use changes etc.,
deforestation and forest degradation have emerged resulting in decreased production and distorted sustainable forest management. This article gives an
overview on the current teak management and on investment opportunities that will be improved by way of amending legal frameworks and regulatory
administrative procedures in the forestry sector along with changing government policies in Myanmar. The growing, harvesting, manufacturing and marketing
of teak has been previously a major government concern, however administrative reforms have opened opportunities to shift the responsibility of forest
management to private companies and small holder communities, and to facilitate foreign investment in the forestry sector. These reforms comprise: (i)
amending the legal framework for the possession of teak resources, (ii) implementing the drafted land use policy, (iii) formulating guidelines for foreign
investment, (iv) introducing a log export ban, (v) planning to regulate the volume of the timber harvest within the limit of the annual allowable cut (AAC), (vi)
restructuring the Myanmar Timber Enterprise to be a state-owned economic organization in the future and (vii) scaling up the regional and international
cooperation in trade, environment and climate change issues. The author will draw attention to a number of challenges and recommendations to overcome
them by implementing realistic achievements in the forestry sector of Myanmar.
Ohn Lwin
Professor, Forest Products Department
University of Forestry, Forestry Department
Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry
Yezin, P.O Box 05282, Nay Pyi Taw
Myanmar
Email: ohnpyone@gmail.com
27
What are the Primary Investment Returns and Market Opportunities of Teakwood?
Rafael De La Torre
A forestry company, like any other organization oriented towards profitability and economic sustainability with social responsibility, seeks to maximize
financial returns adjusted for their asset category risk. Investments in forest resources are attractive because they preserve capital, biological inventories
increase in value faster than in volume, land appreciates, and they are an instrument for mitigating risk in investment portfolios. The management of these
real assets has its own attributes and financial assumptions, which are examined specifically and quantitatively in industrial teak forests.
Study Objectives:
Assess the contribution of primary drivers of timberland investment returns in teak plantations, analyze their implications, and define actions to
follow
Describe case studies of the impact of government regulations, preferences and consumer trends of hardwoods
Identify commercial teak opportunities in major markets of the Western Hemisphere
Envision trading platform that teak producers might consider to minimize risks of their investment (market survey, promotional teak marketing
campaign/ check off programs, consumer market preferences, and recommendations of experts)
This study also investigates the minimum requirements for marketing forest products, certification requirements, procurement policies, price ranges, variable
volumes, preferences and substitutes in the acquisition of wood products, customer perception of the value / quality of special products, etc. Based on the
analytical results, collection and analysis of information on potential markets, the implications of the regulations on teak marketing in the European Union
and North America, we will be able to determine the path to follow that benefits teak growers, particularly when forests are fragmented and small.
Keywords: Profitability, teak plantations, marketing, regulations
Rafael De La Torre
Manager of Planning and Analysis
ArborGen Inc., 247 Davis Street, Athens, GA 30606
USA
Email: rdelat@hotmail.com
28
Rahul Ahuja
CEO, Aron Global Pte Ltd.
Singapore
Email: rahul@aronglobal.com
29
Teak Supply from Latin America in the Next 3 Years: Quarterly Peaks, Valleys and Age Classes
Vikram Aditya Watal
In the last few years teak originating from Latin America is being seen as a significant and reliable source of timber. Impressive year-on-year growth in
supplies from this region, aided by change in international teakwood-supply-demand dynamics have resulted in the emergence of a whole new dimension of
Latin American Teak. With more than 300,000 ha of planted teak and annual exports of around 400,000 cbm, the region is significantly contributing to the
international supply of teak wood. The presentation aims to quantify supply potential from the various regions in Latin America and arrive at a supply
segmentation based on the age, quality & seasonality in the delivery of wood. Some clear visible trends in supplies from established countries like Costa Rica
& Ecuador or developing origins like Panama, Colombia or Brazil are visible. The presentation intends to quantify and link the crop availability in these
countries to possible supply scenarios. At the same time the interplay with upcoming origins like Guatemala & Nicaragua will be analyzed as well as questions
regarding the situation in Mexico or Honduras in next 3 years. Will Latin America continue to see a 20% year on year growth and end up exporting close to
600,000 cbm of teak logs in the next 3 years? The presentation will attempt to answer questions, which may affect individual countries or Latin America as a
region. What is the total potential of the region for next three years? Can the potential be met or will there be delivery challenges? How is the total potential
and supply divided between various age groups? Can we expect a high volume of wood from thinnings in the next 3 years? How is the supply from each of the
originating countries following certain patterns (peaks or bottom)? Is the six month supply period from each origin a desired supply situation? Do similar
quality teak logs from Panama or Colombia or Ecuador compete with each other? Will the uniqueness of the product portfolio from each origin count e.g.
Costa Rica as consistent supplier of long lengths versus rough squares from Ecuador?
The presenter will share the data and analysis on supply scenarios from Latin America for the next three years. Meaningful conclusions will be drawn from the
data in order to present a clear view on the supply potential emerging in the short term.
The Global Teak Alliance: A proposal to develop an association that can represent the global plantation teak industry
S. Coutinho, H. Lemm, D. Leuba, A. Pino and C. Rojas-Guzmn
During the last two decades the teak market has witnessed significant growth following the development of multiple commercial teak plantations throughout
the world. Plantation teak has filled the gap that has been developing as a result of dwindling supply from natural teak forests and in addition offers a
sustainable substitute for other hardwoods from natural forests.
As (volume) supply from plantation teak is increasing and with several older plantations reaching its full potential, buyers and producers have expressed a
desire to better understand the market drivers and potential for their products.
Many industry players have identified three areas where market information is lacking: (1) pricing, volume flows and trade statistics; (2) grading and quality
standards; and (3) knowledge and acceptance of plantation teak in the non-traditional markets (i.e. outside India).
This paper will present the need for an international and coordinated effort to promote plantation teak in existing and new markets by enhancing demand
growth without intensifying competition, for the benefit of all players in the value chain.
Silvio Coutinho
Floresteca,
Caixa Postal 257/ CEP 13330-970
Indaiatuba, So Paulo
Brazil
Email: sylvio.coutinho@floresteca.com
Hans Lemm
Kilombero Valley Teak Company
PO Box 12452
Dar es Salaam
Tanzania
Dominique Leuba
Novelteak
P.O. Box 63-5000
Liberia, Guanacaste
Costa Rica
Antonio Pino
Fore Scan Cia. Ltda
Samborondn SBC
Office Center
Ecuador
Carlos Rojas-Guzmn
Agropecuaria Santa
Genoveva S.A.P.I. de CV
Niebla 8, Campeche
Mxico
31
Sid Bhargava
Country Manager
APP Timber Ltd.
India
Email: siddhartha@apptimber.com
34
SESSION II
GENETICS, TREE IMPROVEMENT, SILVICULTURE AND
WOOD QUALITY
35
Thematic Keynote
Teak Clonal Forestry: Rationale, First Accomplishments and Suggestions
Olivier Monteuuis
The rationale of opting for teak clonal forestry is to overcome the serious hindrances associated with the use of seed-derived planting stock. These encompass
insufficient fruit production, too low germination rates, a positive correlation between flowering age and forking height and substantial variability for
economically important traits. In contrast, soundly selected and wisely deployed teak clones are theoretically expected to produce in much shorter time
superior yield of premium and uniform quality timber. Practically, due to the inhibitory effect of ageing on adventitious rooting, clonal propagation of mature
selected teak trees has been restricted for decades to the use of grafting/budding mainly for establishing clonal seed orchards. Thanks to the development in
the early 1990s of efficient nursery and in vitro techniques for mass clonally propagating true-to-type any selected tree regardless of its age, teak clonal
forestry has lately become a reality. Millions of clonal offspring have been produced and planted under the tropics in Asia, Oceania, Latin America and Africa.
Judiciously selected clones have been proven to outperform local seed-issued teak planted material in every place they have been introduced so far, and to
thrive in site conditions assumed formerly to be unsuitable for teak. Teak clonal plantations are still in their infancy. More and longer time assessments
supported by efficient and application-oriented R and D programs are needed before drawing any conclusive statement. Enriching the genetic diversity of the
current clonal populations by the infusion of new genotypes derived from multi-criteria selection taking into account also site adaptability remain priority
concerns. Notwithstanding these aspects, it can already be assumed that teak clonal forestry will have a noticeable impact on teak plantations considering the
urgent need to meet the increasing demand for high grade teak timber in the wake of declining supplies from natural stands.
Olivier Monteuuis
CIRAD - BIOS Department - UMR AGAP
TA A-108/03- Avenue Agropolis, F-34398
Montpellier, Cedex 5
France
Email: olivier.monteuuis@cirad.fr
36
Ashwani Kumar
Director General
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Dehradun-248006
India
E-mail: ashwanikumar@icfre.org
37
Genetic Diversity and Breeding of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.) in Myanmar
Yazar Minn
Genetic diversity is indispensable for stability and productivity of forest ecosystems; thus conservation of genetic diversity is a key element of sustainable
forest management. Genetic diversity of teak (Tectona grandis) in Myanmar has been analyzed using microsatellite and Amplified Fragment Length
Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The study revealed high level of genetic variation within populations and strong genetic differentiation among populations.
The study also reported that the northern and southern teak populations are genetically highly significant, suggesting two major conservation and breeding
zones of teak genetic resources.
Genetic diversity plays a fundamental role for breeding of forest tree species. Due to the high genetic diversity of teak, Myanmar still possesses strong genetic
basis for tree breeding programs. The selection of plus trees has been the foundation for tree improvement programs in Myanmar. The number of selected
plus trees are currently 155. The number of seed production areas are currently 191 in different regions covering 3256 ha while that of clonal seed orchards
are still quite limited in the country. Meanwhile, in-vitro culture of teak offers one of the possible solutions for sufficient supply of quality genetic materials for
reforestation programs. However, it is still in the experimental stage. Hedge gardens serve as sources for production of vegetatively propagated materials like
shoot cuttings, though the production is not sufficient for operational level at present. Some provenance trials were also initiated in some regions but more
genetic testing like progeny and clonal tests are still needed. While strengthening current breeding activities, further breeding strategies should be developed
to maximize genetic gains by utilizing broad genetic basis of teak. In this paper, genetic diversity of teak for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential
breeding strategies are discussed.
Keywords: Teak, Genetic diversity, Breeding, Conservation
Yazar Minn
Forest Botany and Tree Improvement Section
Forest Research Institute
Forest Department, Nay Pyi Taw
Myanmar
Email: yazarminn@gmail.com
38
Experiencias y tendencias al analizar el manejo aplicado a diferentes rodales de teca (Tectona grandis) despus de 19
aos de su establecimiento en el Pacfico Central de Costa Rica. BARCA S.A.
Ricardo Lujn, Jose Corrales and Fred Schutter
En este estudio se analizan las respuestas (variables dasomtricas) de la teca, a nivel de pequeos rodales, en relacin a su manejo y correlacionado con los
diversos micro-sitios, eventos especficos atmosfricos y de mortalidad (enfermedades), despus de 19 aos de su establecimiento en la zona de Parrita,
Costa Rica. Las tendencias identificadas al analizar el crecimiento de stos, en relacin al manejo efectuado como a los efectos de micro-sitio, brindan
recomendaciones claves para lograr mejorar la calidad de las plantaciones de teca.
Se llev a cabo un censo de los rboles de teca existentes en 16.6 hectreas divididas en 19 rodales de diversos tamaos (entre 0.2-4.2 ha.). Se hicieron
anlisis de suelos, y recopilacin del manejo silvicultural como tambin de los eventos adversos del clima (fuertes vientos) y enfermedades que afectaron
rboles y rodales en la plantacin.
Los promedios generales del censo de los rodales de teca a sus 19 aos de edad resultaron en una densidad de 174 rboles/ha, un rea basal de 16.9 m2/ha,
una dap promedio de 34.6 cm, una altura comercial de 8.6 m y un volumen comercial de 108 m3/ha.
Las variaciones de promedios entre los diferentes rodales resultaron en: 86-340 rboles/ha, entre 8-27 m2/ha de rea basal, el dap oscil entre 32-43 cm, y el
volumen entre 47-200 m3/ha. Un 3% de la poblacin total result con dimetros (dap) arriba de los 50 cm y un 20% con dimetros mayores a los 40 cm.
El manejo de la densidad y efecto del micro sitio, (fertilidad y drenaje) son los principales factores en la variabilidad de los rodales.
Suchitra Changtragoon
Forest and Plant Conservation
Research Office,
Department of National Parks,
Wildlife and Plant Conservation,
Thailand
Bundit Ponoy
Forest Research and
Development Bureau,
Royal Forest Department,
Thailand
40
Mejoramiento gentico de teca (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) asistido por marcadores moleculares
Mario Espinoza Pizarro
Novelteak, empresa de Capital Suizo, con ms de 23 aos de experiencia como productor de teca y manejando ms de 6679 Ha de plantaciones entre Costa
Rica y Nicaragua; siendo lder en innovacin, estable desde el ao 1995 unos de los mejores programas de mejoramiento gentico y silvicultura clonal de toda
la regin, plantando hasta el ao 2014 un total 2315 hectreas clonales, con una ganancia en volumen comercial de 40% con respecto a plantaciones no
mejoradas.
No obstante este resultado, la empresa, consciente de que su base gentica es estrecha, decide a partir del ao 2012 invertir en una nueva estrategia de
mejoramiento gentico, con el objetivo de establecer la base con la cual se desarrollarn todas sus poblaciones comerciales en el futuro. Esta nueva
estrategia tiene un primer componente de ampliacin de la base gentica, un segundo componente de seleccin recurrente de material mejorado por medio
de sublneas y como tercer componente la optimizacin de la interaccin genotipo-ambiente.
Paralelamente se han desarrollado dos importantes herramientas: las tcnicas de propagacin vegetativa y los marcadores moleculares, siendo estos ltimos
fundamentales la consecucin de los objetivos.
Se desarroll un protocolo de genotipeo de individuos por medio de marcadores microsatlites (VNTRs) que se aplica actualmente en la identificacin de
clones, relaciones de parentesco y determinacin de relaciones filogenticas en poblaciones. Adems se est trabajando en genmica de teca a travs de la
secuenciacin de marcadores especficos con el objetivo de establecer relaciones filogenticas y tambin correlacionar marcadores moleculares con el
fenotipo de los individuos, por medio de SNTs.
Los resultados obtenidos permiten determinar la probabilidad del origen gentico de un individuo as como la factibilidad de usar dicho individuo como
progenitor en alguna lnea de mejoramiento, garantizando mejores resultados a largo plazo.
Pengxiang Peng
Yueyang Changde Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Yueyang, 414007
China
Kaifu Li
College of Forestry
South China Agricultural University
Guangzhou, 510642
China
42
Keywords: Teak clones, tissue culture plants, exportation, clonal teak plantations
Doreen K. S. Goh
YSG Biotech Sdn Bhd., Yayasan Sabah Group
Voluntary Association Complex
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Malaysia
Email: dorngoh@hotmail.com
44
Towards Securing Geographical Indicator Status for Nilambur Teak the Wood Quality Perspective
E.V. Anoop, C.R. Elsy, M.C. Anish and R. Vishnu
Geographical indications are names used to identify the place of origin and quality, reputation or other characteristics of products that are unique to the
place. The GI tag is a mechanism instituted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the UN to prevent unfair competition in trade where the public can be
mislead about the real origin of goods. Nilambur Teak, which is a name instantly recognized by connoisseurs of teak around the world will soon be protected
against unauthorized labeling. Efforts are on to get the name registered as a Geographical Indication (GI). The Kerala Agricultural University (KAU) along with
the local self-government at Nilambur, the Kerala Forest Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute and the GI Registry, Chennai recently took an initiative
for the registration of the Nilambur variety of Teak or Malabar Teak, which enjoys a world-wide reputation for the log dimensions and desired wood figure.
Nilambur holds a special status as the home of the worlds first commercial teak plantation established in 1840s. The Conollys plot and the Chathu Menon
plot remain preserved to this day and attract tourists from far and wide. In this connection, a study was undertaken at the department of Wood Science,
College of Forestry to compare wood quality of Nilambur teak with that of important provenances from within the country as well as abroad. Wood quality
parameters like specific gravity, resistance to deformation, heartwood color and total extractive content were found to be superior for Nilambur teak, apart
from qualitative characters such as the golden brown heart wood, attractive figure and straight grain. Findings from previous studies using AFLP markers had
indicated that natural teak population of Nilambur population had a separate genetic identity among southern western ghats populations matching with its
popularly known phenotypic identity and wood quality. The GI tag ensures that the product name can be used only by those who are authorized as the
beneficiaries. Developing technologies to trace timbers to its geographical region of origin assumes importance in this context. The GI registration will give
growers and users of Nilambur teak the legal right to exclusive use. It is expected to encourage more people to take up teak planting and improve the
prosperity of the region through export of teak timber.
Keywords: Geographical Indicator, Nilambur teak, wood quality, GI registry
C.R. Elsy
Intellectual Property Rights Cell
College of Horticulture
Kerala Agricultural University
Kerala, India
45
SESSION III
Management Models for Different Value Chains
Including Small Holder Forestry
46
Thematic Keynote
Enhancing Key Elements of the Value Chains for Plantation-Grown Teak Wood in Lao PDR
Henri Bailleres, Barbara Ozarska and Lathsamy Boupha
Laos has an emerging forest plantation industry, based on both smallholder and corporate growers. The Lao PDR Forestry Strategy to 2020 envisages a
substantial forest plantation estate, with a target of a total of 500,000 hectares of tree plantations. Plantations and planted trees have the capacity to provide
significant financial benefits to Lao PDR, and to smallholder growers. The plantation resource could have an annual farm gate value of $197 million at full
production and will offer further value through primary and secondary wood processing. However, there are many challenges, constraints and opportunities
which need to be addressed in order to maximise returns to smallholders and support the development of competitive value-added wood industries.
Although the Lao timber industry has grown rapidly over the past three decades, the export value of finished wood products has been very low compared to
that of squared logs or basic sawnwood. Research and development is needed in the value-adding wood processing and manufacturing sector to assist in the
production of high value wood products such as furniture and flooring. To meet these research needs the Australian Centre for International Agricultural
Research (ACIAR) in conjunction with 14 partner organisations from Lao PDR and Australia are funding a project titled Enhancing key elements of the value
chains for plantation-grown wood in Lao PDR. It is a four-year project spanning years 2012 to 2016.
The overall aim is to improve livelihoods for farmers and processing workers and the international competitiveness of Lao PDR wood industries through
improved efficiency of key elements of the planted wood value chain. Specific objectives are to (1) Address constraints and inefficiencies in the value chain,
from harvest to processor stages, that limit returns to smallholder growers; (2) Increase returns to processors and smallholders through improved efficiencies
of the primary wood processing sector; (3) Improve the value and quality of wood products for domestic and export markets; (4) Enhance the
competitiveness and capacity of wood processing industries. The current primary wood processing practices and efficiencies in Lao companies have been
identified and characterised through a series of onsite surveys. Further studies provides a broad assessment of opportunities to improve current primary
wood processing practices and efficiencies in order to optimise the research direction required for subsequent activities.
Henri Bailleres
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Horticulture & Forestry Science, Agri-Science
Queensland, Australia
Email: henri.bailleres@bigpond.com
Barbara Ozarska
Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science
The University of Melbourne
Australia
Lathsamy Boupha
Faculty of Forestry,
National University of Laos
Vientiane Capital
Lao PDR
47
Models of Smallholder Teak Production in Indonesia: the Emerging Dominant Value Chain
James M Roshetko, Gerhard Sabastian, Aulia Perdana, Dede Rohadi and Philip Manalu
Teak (Tectona grandis) was introduced to the Indonesian archipelago from India in as early as the second century. The species has become widely
naturalized, with most people believing it to be indigenous. Indonesia is the second largest producer of teak in the world. Originally teak and other forest
resources were controlled by Javanese sultans. During its period of dominance, the Dutch East India Company (1619-1796) gained control over the teak
resource as a means to maintain the global dominance of its navy. In the early 1800s, the Dutch government assumed direct control over the colony. While
control of teak was initially weak, between 1870 and 1934 central authority over all teak resources was firmly re-established. Following independence, the
government of Indonesia established a state-owned forest enterprise to control and manage the nations teak resources. While restrictions remain,
individuals and other parties own the teak grown on their land. Managing plots of less than a hectare, farmers have become a major supplier of teak timber
to Indonesias furniture industry. On Java alone, approximately 1.5 million farm families manage 444,000 ha of teak-based farming systems. Farmers cultivate
teak in four models of systems Tegalan (mixed tree annual crop systems), Pekarangan (homegardens), Kitren (teak-dominated woodlots), and line plantings
(on agriculture land). Species composition, tree density, management intensity and location differ between the systems. Household and farm characteristics
also affect the type of system that developed. Marketing strategies and economic and financial return vary by system. This paper details the difference
between the models of smallholder teak production systems, as well as, a historical evolution between the models. Recommendations are provided regarding
how to move from the current low input timber production systems towards more intensive, market oriented systems.
Keywords: smallholder farmers, timber production and marketing, intercropping, alternative livelihood strategies
48
49
Promoting Teak Plantation Development in Uganda: Analysis of the Sawlog Production Grant Scheme (SPGS) Model for
Community-based Management of Planted Teak Forests
Bedijo Nelly Grace and Walter Mapanda
Different models of community forestry management have been implemented in various parts of the world including Uganda. A unique approach to
community forestry development which involves payment of retrospective and conditional plantation establishment and maintenance grant was developed in
Uganda in 2004 under the management of Sawlog Production Grant Scheme (SPGS). Since inception, 47,000 hectares have been planted by 400 private
growers spread throughout the country. SPGS is a government institution, funded by the European Union, and the Governments of Norway and Uganda.
Major hindrances to community forestry development identified are: Limited capital, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of improved planting material, land
and limited access to information. The Government of Uganda together with SPGS have been successful in addressing some of these challenges. The model
incorporates most categories of tree growers in a community setting each playing a unique role in the forestry sector. SPGS contracted clients receive a
retrospective subsidy, which covers 50% of the establishment cost. Practical field based training courses for forest supervisors, managers, contractors and
investors to impart skills and knowledge and acquire positive attitudes in forestry have been institutionalised. Guidelines, standards and a quarterly
newsletter have been developed. In addition, the contracted clients are visited regularly for technical guidance onsite.
Success of the SPGS model is attributed to its commercial and result oriented approach, a high level of autonomy, where the government has less
intervention on the operations, a team of young, motivated, commercially focused staff. 90% of the funds are allocated to the actual tree planting ventures
with only 10% to administrative costs, making it a very cost-effective model. This paper calls for urgent need for supportive policies among donors and a
sustained promotion of the model, which might be the best incentive option to ensure profitable community forestry investments.
SESSION IV
Teak Plantation Management and Environmental Protection
53
Thematic Keynote
Teak Plantations Embedded in the Natural Landscape
Hans Lemm
Globally, natural forests are under pressure whilst demand for fibre is set to continue to grow in the near and long term. Ultimately, this will result in an ever
increasing imbalance in supply and demand that can only be curbed by expanding, high-productivity forest plantations.Softwoods, acacia, eucalyptus and
other forest plantations have taken on an increasingly dominant role in the global supply of industrial lumber and fibre; there has been relatively little
progress made in the replacement of natural hardwoods for decorative use.
Teak is widely recognized as a premier hardwood and one of the few species that can be commercially grown in plantations. As a result of its relatively high
value compared to other plantation species, teak plantations can be viable on a much smaller scale than, for instance, pine or eucalyptus plantations and thus
avoiding some of the social and environmental conflicts associated with large-scale, greenfield forest plantations.
The Kilombero Valley Teak Company has developed a landscape approach where, a relatively small area of land has been set aside for commercial plantation
development whilst the balance of its landholding has been dedicated to conservation management. Although for many years, this approach has been seen as
controversial by the environmental community it is now gaining recognition as a model for integrated plantation and conservation projects. The landscape
approach adopted by KVTC is now seen as a new plantation model for Africa.
Keywords: Plantation Teak, Environment, Landscape, Deforestation
Hans Lemm
Kilombero Valley Teak Company
PO Box 12452, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania
Email: kvtc@kvtc-tz.com
54
Key Factors for Optimizing Teak Growth -a Case Study in Tangara da Serra, Brazil
Luit Smit and Evaldo Oestrich Filho
This paper presents a case study of commercial teak plantations located in Tangara da Serra, in the cental-western part of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
The latitude is 14 South, altitude varies from 200-350 m.a.s.l, and the annual rainfall is around 2000 mm, with 4 months of dry season. The excellent growth
figures of this specific teak project with a mean annual increment of 25-30 m3/ha/year are highlighted, and the key factors for such growth optimization are
discussed.
Graphs of growth are presented based on the performance of conventional planting material after 16 years of inventory as well as the performance of clonal
material compared to conventional planting material after 8 years, on 4 different soil types. The influences of soil characteristics and corrective fertilizer
applications are explained, as well as the importance of soil moisture retention capacity. The phenological differences between traditional seedling planting
stock and clonal materials are highlighted.
The role of key factors for plantation forest management such as good initial establishment, weed control, proper pruning, and timely thinning is also
discussed. The conclusion is that optimal growth of teak depends upon a conjunction of favourable factors. When one of these factors is not optimal, growth
can be seriously affected.
Plagas y enfermedades en plantaciones de teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) en Centroamrica Nuevos reportes
Marcela Arguedas, Mara Rodrguez and Mario Guevara
La teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) es una de las especies mayormente usadas en reforestacin en las regiones tropicales. Durante los ltimos diez aos,
plantaciones comerciales de T. grandis en la regin centroamericana han sido inspeccionadas para la determinacin de herbvoros y fitopatgenos asociados
a la especie. Se han identificado 57 especies de insectos, 34 de patgenos, cinco de vertebrados (Campephilus principales, Odocoileus virginianus,
Orthogeomys underwoodii, Sciurus spp. y Sigmodon hispidus), el caro Tetranychus sp. (Tetranychydae, Acari) y el murdago (Struthanthus cf leptostachyus).
Durante los aos 2013-2014, en el departamento del Petn, Guatemala se presentaron defoliaciones muy severas causadas por Schitocerca peceifrons
(Acridae, Orthoptera). Es una especie con comportamientos solitarios o gregarios. Los daos en el follaje de T. grandis lo producen en su forma gregaria, en la
cual las mangas alcanzaron hasta 500 m de ancho y se alimentan tanto de esta especie forestal como cultivos agrcolas, especialmente el maz.
Aparentemente presentan dos generaciones por ao. La hembra oviposita en el suelo en grupos de hasta 100 individuos dentro de una vaina, las ninfas
requieren de 45 das para alcanzar la fase adulta; los adultos alcanzan los 6 cm de largo, de colores brillantes, principalmente amarillo o pardo rosceo con
manchas negras. Tambin en el follaje se reporta por primera vez una larva de una especie no identificada del gnero Acharia y manchas producidas por las
cenicillas polvorientas (Oidium sp.).
En las inspecciones de los ltimos tres aos, se observa un incremento en la severidad del ataque de las bacterias Erwinia en plntulas y Ralstonia en rboles
recin establecidos. En follaje defoliaciones por los lepidpteros Hyblaea puera (Hyblaeidae) y Oxidia spp. (Geometridae) y el coleptero Walteraniella sp.
(Chrysomelidae) y la roya de la teca (Olivea tectonae); en el fuste de rboles jvenes el cancro rosado (Erythricium salmonicolor) y a nivel de raz la
pudricin producida por Dematophora sp.
Mario Guevara, Elemer Briceo, Dagoberto Arias, Edwin Esquivel y Adrin Chavarra
Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica Escuela Ingeniera Forestal
Costa Rica
E-mail: maguevara@itcr.ac.cr
57
Teak Seedlings Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms in a Hydroponic System Correlated with Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR)
Models
Andrew Whittier
Growers working with teak seedlings in nursery settings often encounter issues related to incorrect nutrition. In order to monitor the growth of individual
seedlings with respect to nutrition issues, a study was initiated looking at the symptoms of twelve macro and micro nutrient deficiencies and toxicities on
hydroponically grown teak seedlings. Preliminary studies were conducted to determine ideal hydroponic solution strength, pH level, and buffer solution for
hydroponically growing teak seedlings. This research was done in preparation for the nutrition study.
In the larger symptomology experiment, seedlings were grown in greenhouses in both a conventional liquid hydroponic setup and in sand culture hydroponics
in order to investigate the efficacy of each system. In the sand culture hydroponic experiment, significant differences in height were observed at eight weeks.
The most dramatic differences in height occurred between control seedlings and those grown without one of the macronutrients. Additional teak seedlings
were also grown in sand under varying levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in order to investigate whether Near Infrared Spectroscopy models
could be developed that accurately determine levels of these nutrients in seedling foliage. Near Infrared models were developed using both a handheld
Microphazir NIR scanner on fresh leaves and with dried ground leaves in the laboratory with Foss NIR 6500 machine. Both systems were investigated in order
to compare the accuracy of the less expensive and more efficient handheld machine withthat of the more intensive wet-laboratory module. Results from all
sections of this study will be incorporated into a guide that provides growers with a suite of tools to accurately diagnose issues with their seedlings.
Andrew Whittier
Camcore
College of Natural Resources,
North Carolina State University
USA
Email: wawhitti@ncsu.edu
58
Long-Term Assessment on the Growth and Yield of 15-year-old Plantation-Grown Teak (Tectona grandis) in Tawau,
Malaysia
Ahmad Zuhaidi Y
The paper highlights the achieved stand growth and yield, and comparison on the field performance of plantation-grown teak (Tectona grandis) in two
different sites in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. Both sites were generally of volcanic soil origin, and at 15 years after planting, site A with sandy loam and high sand
content has lower growth and yield as compared tosite B comprising loamy soil with a fair amount of silt. During this period, a low thinning was conducted in
the 8th year by removing 2025% of the remaining standing trees. At age 15, the achieved volume ha-1 in both sites was 144.51 and 206.06 m3ha-1equivalents
to an average annual volume increment of 9.63 and 13.74 m3ha-1year-1. Subsequent assessment on the measured growth, the average diameter of dominant
trees (100 biggest trees ha-1) in both sites was 24.4 and 28.0 cm while the average stand diameter at breast height was 17.2 and 18.8 cm, respectively. As the
stands were managed for sawlogs in 15 year rotation, the average merchantable and total height varies from 18.7 to 24.2 m in site A, while 20.0 to 30.6 m in
site B. Despite having the information obtained from two localized sites, the results show the effects of ecological and sites requirement of the species for
higher growth and yield as compared with some planted stands in different soils types in the country. The observation from this long-term assessment
demonstratesthe potential growth and yield of teak and the need to evaluate the proposed rotation length andsite suitability for commercial production of
logs.
Ahmad Zuhaidi Y
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor,
Malaysia
Email: zuhaidi@frim.gov.my
59
Geoff Smith
University of New England
Armidale 2351 NSW
Australia
Email: geoff.smith@une.edu.au
61
Abstracts
Poster Presentations
62
SESSION II
GENETICS, TREE IMPROVEMENT, SILVICULTURE AND
WOOD QUALITY
63
Fernando Montenegro
Neoforests
Ecuador
E-mail: fdomontenegro@hotmail.com
64
Study on Seedling Growth Traits, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.)
Clones
Guihua HuangKunnan LiangZaizhi ZhouHuaming Ma
The growth traits, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of teak clones and CK seedlings (clone from seed orchard) were measured and
evaluated. The influencing ecological factors of net photosynthetic rate were also analysed. The results showed that there were abundant genetic variation in
gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth traits in teak clones. The genotypes 7029, 71-5, 7219, 7412 and 7122 had relatively higher photosynthetic
efficiency, and provenances 3070, 3074 and 3071 could be considered with higher photosynthetic efficiency. Germplasm resources from India and low
longitude and latitude had higher photosynthesticefficiency and should be paid more attention in future teak breeding. Photosynthesis rate had significant
positive correlation with seedling height. Photosynthesis rate (Pn), actual quantum yield of photosystem II centers (Yield), quantum efficiency of photosystem
II centers (Fv/Fm) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were expected to be applicable for the evaluation of photosynthetic efficiency in teak resources.
The results also indicated that the curves of diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate for teak clones had one single peak curve in June at Guangzhou
China, while it showed two-peak curves with photosynthetic midday depression in August and October. The average net photosynthetic rate of teak was
OctoberJuneAugust. Photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) had great significant positive correlation with net photosynthetic rate, high temperature in
June and August had great significant depressing effect to net photosynthetic rate.
Haninec P, Madra P, Smola M, Cafourek J, Stteck J, Habrov H, enfeldr M, radnek L, Rajnoch M, Pavli J, mudla R, Trojan V, Jelnek P, Jelnek B,
radnek L and Gryc V.
Mendel University
Brno Zemdlsk 1
Czech Republic
Email: petrmad@mendelu.cz
66
Effect of Tree Spacing on Swelling Properties of Teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.) from central-west region of Brazil
Joo Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca, Roger E. Hernndez and Bruna Ugulino
Knowledge of wood properties like its swelling behaviour, as a result of changes in its moisture content, helps to ensure a successful use of wood for a given
purpose. Also, it is known that the variation in wood properties within and between trees is affected by silvicultural management like tree spacing. This study,
therefore, deals with the swelling behaviour of both sapwood and heartwood in the longitudinal, tangential and radial directions of teak trees grew under
three different spacing treatments (6x2, 5x2 and 4x2m) in the central-west region of Brazil. For this purpose, three disks (dbh) for each treatment were cut in
forty-two samples (twenty one for heartwood and sapwood, respectively) of 20 x 20 x 60 mm (R x T x L) and stored in a conditioning room at 20C; 60% RH.
Dimensional changes and swelling coefficients were measured on each sample under five moisture conditions (0% RH, 30% RH, 60% RH, 85% RH and
saturated). The swelling was different among the two types of wood, being nearly twice as greater in sapwood than in heartwood under all sorption
conditions. The results indicated that planting density influenced the variability of wood in radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage. The closer spacing
showed the lowest swelling values than the other treatments. However, tree spacing had no significant effect on longitudinal shrinkage for sapwood and
heartwood.
Keywords: tree spacing, teak, wood swelling
Roger E. Hernndez
Dpartement des Sciences du Bois et de la Fort
Pavillon Gene-H.-Kruger
Universit Laval. Qubec (QC)
Canada
Bruna Ugulino
Dpartement des Sciences du Bois et de la Fort
Pavillon Gene-H.-Kruger
Universit Laval. Qubec (QC)
Canada
67
The Reproduction System of Teak (Tectona grandis): Flowering Phenology in a Clonal Seed Orchard Population in Java,
Indonesia
Sinan Hagenah
Teak (Tectona grandis) production forest in Indonesia covers an area of approximately 1.6 million ha and commonly occurs in monospecific, even-aged
stands. The main part of these planted forests (1.1 million ha) is managed by the state-owned forestry company Perum Perhutani on the islands of Java and
Madura. The management system of Perum Perhutani prescribes that harvested compartments are replanted with seedlings from tree nurseries, with about
70% of the reproductive material originating from three Clonal Seed Orchards (CSO) of mostly identical clonal composition. The extend of standing genetic
variation in these CSO populations and the share of genetic variation that is inherited to their progeny during reproduction, thus decide to a considerable
degree on the genetic constitution of teak plantations of Perum Perhutani. The flowering phenology is an important aspect of the reproduction system of
teak, since the timing and intensity of flowering of tree individuals affects mating likelihoods and in this way the formation of genetic structures in the
progeny generation.
We studied the flowering phenology in a population of 420 trees in one of the three CSOs mentioned above. The beginning and end of flowering per tree as
well as individual flowering intensity was measured throughout the flowering phase from January until April of 2014 by counting the number of inflorescence
per tree repetitively. A characterization of flowering patterns in the CSO population shall show whether positive assortative mating can be expected from a
phenological point of view, with possible implications for the design and management of propagation populations, in particular CSOs.
Sinan Hagenah
Section Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Gttingen University
Bsgenweg 2 D-37077
Gttingen Germany
Email: sinan.hagenah@forst.uni-goettingen.de
68
Genetics of Growth in Teak CSO Families and Provenances in Two Contrasted Tropical Sites
Roberto Bacilieri, Doreen K S Goh, Gilles Chaix and Olivier Monteuuis
Teak is diploid (2n=36), has a small genome (480Mpb), and display a high level of heterozygosity (more than 70% in the less depleted forests), all favorable
traits for improvement through selection and breeding. In spite of the interest of teak for the world market, R&D efforts in teak genetic improvement are still
rare. As a result, forest companies still have little choice for their investment in genetically superior materials.
As a first step towards a better exploitation of teak genetic potential, we tested 16 families derived from a clonal seed orchard (CSO) and 10 common
provenances (Prov) of teak in two different tropical sites, a) to compare, in a statistically sound experiment, the provenances among them and with the CSO
families and, b) to estimate the heritability of growth traits and the genetic gains that can be expected via breeding.
Both sites are located in Sabah, East Malaysia. For the statistical analysis we used a mixed model accounting for spatial variation. Nine years after planting,
the two genetic entries, CSO and Prov, showed highly significant differences for height, DBH and volume in both sites. The superiority of the CSO families
compared with the Prov class was large for volume production, resulting in an advantage of +67.9% and +40.3% in Luasong and Taliwas, respectively.
Narrowsense heritabilities for the 16 CSO families were larger for height (0.38) and volume (0.23). These promising results will translate in even better
outcomes in the field, once geneticists will be able to concomitantly deal with the improvement of stem form, wood quality and tolerance to biotic and
abiotic stresses.
In combination with the deployment of new modern DNA technologies, these favourable traits should make teak genetic improvement through selection and
breeding attainable and effective with a reasonable R&D investment.
Roberto Bacilieri
INRA-CIRAD-SUPAGRO
Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of
Mediterranean and Tropical Plants
Montpellier, France
Email: bacilieri@supagro.inra.fr
Doreen K S Goh
YSG Biotech Sdn Bhd
Yayasan Sabah Group
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Malaysia
Ashwani Kumar
Director General
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Dehradun-248006 , India
E-mail: ashwanikumar@icfre.org
70
Ring-width Variability and Growth Rate of Natural Teak Provenances from India
P.K. Thulasidas and E.P. Indira
In India, teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is distributed naturally in the peninsular region below 24o latitude over a wide range of climatic and geographic conditions.
This paper evaluates growth-ring variability of natural teak provenances from 23 geographic locations of India covering the dry and moist deciduous forests of
10 Indian States. A total of 150 samples from 82 trees of various ages were collected from dbh level and analysed. The collected samples were grouped into
five age groups viz; G I (upto 24 yrs); II (25-34 yrs); III (35-44 yrs); IV (45-54 yrs) and V (>55 yrs). The ANOVA revealed that ring-width differed significantly
between the 23 provenances and it varied within the age groups ((P0.01). The dbh increased with age and the mean ring width (growth rate) decreased after
initial increase up to age class II, showing its consistent relationship with age of the tree rather than the growth rate, in later years. For a given age class,
Nilambur provenance from Kerala shows higher dbh (72.5 cm) with wider growth rings (7.6 mm) followed by other provenance from south Indian States. The
study proved that the South Indian teak provenances showed superior wood quality attributes as well as growth characteristics suitable for future genetic
conservation programmes.
Keywords: Teak provenance, ring width, growth rate, Tectona grandis
Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantation Management based upon Stand Density Index Concept
Fernando Vlez-Escobar
This paper forms part of the development of a consultancy work to Refocosta S.A. company, during the years 2004-2011, at La Gloria project, for a 1.513 ha
teak plantation area, located at Monterrubio county, Magdalena province, Colombia, 10 23 N 74 23 O, at 55 m.a.s.l., classified within Holdridges life zones
as Tropical dry zone.
The whole work includes development of volume and tape single tree equations, yield and growth studies up to 28 year-old stands, including potential
intermediate thinning and remnant stand density variables after management, as well as crop volume classification by five log size ranges. The net of
permanent plots has at age 25 years the following average variables: height 23 m, diameter 27 cm with 0,4 cm/year growth, basal area 27 m2/ha, volume
under bark 173 m3/ha with 6,5 m3/ha-a for current and mean growth.
To estimate productivity under forest management, defined stand density index to a minimum desirable level of 475 stems of 25 cm per hectare, thinning
crops over 25 m3/ha, and a rotation age up to 40 years, a simulation model software developed by the author has been used, which uses the four study levels
mentioned above: the project could therefore expect since year 2010 an annual growth of 10.000 m 3 (6,87 m3/ha/year), an average annual harvest volume of
3.278 m3 by thinning plus 5.225 m3 by final cut, 19% over 25 cm log diameter and 72% over 15 cm.
An updated financial calculation is presented for this paper: an average site quality stand, applying the recommended forest management and rotation,
expected production costs USD 66 m3 for logs over 15 cm, and internal rate of return (IRR) about 6%, with maximum sensitivity to wood price.
Fernando Vlez-Escobar
Consultant
Reforestadora de la Costa S.A.
Colombia
Email: fernando.velez52@gmail.com
72
Influencia de la posicin fisiogrfica sobre el crecimiento de una plantacin de teca (Tectona grandis L.F.) de siete aos
de edad, en Guanarito, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela
Isabel Scharge and Gregorio Hernando
Se evalu el crecimiento de una plantacin de teca hasta los siete aos de edad ubicada sobre suelos de origen aluvial en dos posiciones fisiogrficas: napa de
desborde con un suelo Fluventic Haplustept de textura franco arcillo limoso y cubeta de desborde con un suelo Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts arcillo limoso. La
plantacin se encuentra ubicada en el municipio Guanarito, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. La poblacin fue definida por una plantacin de teca de 60
hectreas, sobre suelos del orden de los Inceptisoles, la muestra se obtuvo al seleccionar al azar 10 hileras, en las cuales se seleccionaron al azar 10 plantas,
para un total de 100 plantas seleccionadas en cada posicin fisiogrfica. Las variables evaluadas fueron: dimetro de tallo a la altura del pecho (1,30 m) y
altura total. Se realizaron seis mediciones entre marzo de 2005, a los nueve meses de establecida la plantacin y julio de 2011 cuando la plantacin tena siete
aos de edad. Los datos se procesaron mediante el anlisis de la varianza (ANDEVA) y la prueba de comparacin de medias t de Student. Se encontraron
diferencias en el dimetro a la altura del pecho y altura total, que indican que el crecimiento es mayor sobre la napa de desborde, que corresponde a la
posicin ms elevada y con suelos mejor drenados, diferencias que son ms marcadas en los primeros aos de la plantacin. El promedio de altura total y
dimetro a la altura del pecho sobre la napa de desborde a los siete aos de edad fue 14,35 m y 19,43 cm respectivamente; mientras que sobre la cubeta de
desborde la altura total fue 14,05 m y el dimetro a la altura del pecho 18,95 cm. El crecimiento obtenido en ambas posiciones fisiogrficas, tanto en
dimetro como altura total se consideran elevados para la especie en Venezuela.
Palabras Clave: crecimiento, plantacin, Tectona grandis, suelos, posicin fisiogrfica.
Isabel Scharge
Universidad Ezequiel Zamora UNELLEZ, Programa Ciencias del Agro y
del Mar,
Guanare, 3350 Po.
Venezuela
Email: ischargel@gmail.com
Gregorio Hernando
Agropecuaria La Filera,
C.A. Carretera Guanare
Guanarito, Km 13
Venezuela
73
Tiempos y rendimientos de aserro de madera escuadrada (rough squares) en plantaciones de teca en la zona norte de
Costa Rica
Mario Guevara-Bonilla, Jason Rojas
Determinar la eficiencia y el rendimiento fsico en el procesamiento de la madera es una de las mejores maneras de conocer las debilidades del proceso y
realizar los ajustes necesarios que conduzcan a una mayor eficiencia. En Costa Rica, los productores de teca venden su madera procedentes de raleos en pie o
escuadrada siendo esta ltima opcin una de las ms utilizadas y la que mejores precios presenta. Sin embargo, no hay informacin relacionada a la cantidad
de tiempo ni los rendimientos que esta actividad posee. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los tiempos y rendimientos de la operacin de aserro
de bloques producto de un raleo forestal en plantaciones de teca de la zona norte de Costa Rica. Se realiz un estudio de tiempos y movimientos mediante el
mtodo de muestreo para determinar el porcentaje de eficiencia de la operacin. El rendimiento de aserro se determin como el cociente entre el volumen
aserrado y el correspondiente volumen de madera rolliza. Se encontr que el porcentaje de eficiencia fue mayor al 60% y el tiempo promedio de aserro fue
de 93 segundos. El rendimiento promedio de aserro fue de 54%. Los valores de tiempo y rendimiento varan de acuerdo a la clase diamtrica de las trozas.
Palabras clave: tiempos y movimientos, rendimiento de aserro, plantaciones forestales, Tectona grandis.
Mario Guevara-Bonilla
Profesor e investigador
Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica
Costa Rica
E-mail: maguevara@itcr.ac.cr
Jason Rojas
Reforestacin Grupo Internacional
Costa Rica
74
Superioridad en Crecimiento y Rendimiento de Clones de Teca en una Variedad de Sitios puede Aumentar el Valor de los
Terrenos
Luis Ugalde Arias
Se presenta una revisin del estado de la reproduccin de clones de teca utilizados en plantaciones comerciales en diferentes pases y bajo diferentes
condiciones de clima y suelo. Los resultados obtenidos con los clones con procedencia de las Islas Solomon en crecimiento y productividad bajo diferentes
condiciones de sitio, en comparacin con plantaciones comerciales de semilla certificada, muestran diferencias altamente significativas a favor de los clones.
Se discuten las caractersticas fenotpicas y el desarrollo del sistema radical que proporcionan y explican en gran parte, las ventajas en crecimiento y en una
disminucin en costos en las actividades silviculturales. Esto significa que, aunque el costo inicial por planta sea mayor, implican una menor inversin durante
el turno de rotacin (costo-beneficio menor). Experiencias de estos clones en plantaciones comerciales jvenes en varios pases de Amrica Tropical como
Brasil, Mxico, Panam, Nicaragua y Guatemala; en Australia y en el Sureste asitico (Malasia) arrojan una superioridad en volumen total (m3/ha) en los
primeros aos, de dos a cuatro veces ms a favor de los clones en comparacin con plantaciones de semilla certificada. Estos clones, en plantaciones
comerciales, en varios pases, han mostrado la capacidad de adaptarse a condiciones de suelos donde las plantaciones de semilla no crecen favorablemente.
Las investigaciones recientes (Ugalde, 2013) y el monitoreo del crecimiento durante los primeros 10 aos en plantaciones comerciales comprueban la
capacidad de estos clones de poder crecer en suelos muy arcillosos, en suelos arenosos con poca fertilidad y en suelos cidos. Estos clones abren nuevas
oportunidades para reforestadores e inversionistas porque permiten utilizar y dar valor a suelos que tradicionalmente no eran aptos para plantaciones de
teca. Caractersticas fenotpicas de los rboles de algunos de estos clones, hacen posible la produccin de una mayor cantidad de trozas vendibles, de mejor
forma y calidad, lo que permite mejorar la rentabilidad del negocio en plantaciones puras, agroforestera y sistemas
silvopastoriles.
Evaluation of the Performance of Tectona Grandis Progenies from Plus Trees In Peninsular Malaysia
Mohd. Zaki. A, Nor Fadilah. W and Mohamad Lokmal. N
In Malaysia, teak cultivation is relatively new compared to neighbouring countries like India, Myanmar, Thailand and Indonesia. Planting of the species is
preferred to ensure sustainable supply of the wood raw materials. A number of research projects have been formulated to strengthen the gaps in the
technical knowledge of this species amongst which include the production of genetically improved planting material. Therefore, the objective of this study
was to identify the best genotypes or phenotypes to use as the criteria for the selection of parent trees for the production of improved planting stock for
future breeding programmes. Teak fruits were collected from 34 teak plus trees growing at the plantation in Mata Ayer Forest Reserve, Perlis. The plus trees
were evaluated based on their overall superiority in several important characters. The seeds were collected, germinated and raised at FRIMs nursery. The
progenies (seedlings) were then transplanted at four sites namely, Merchang Forest Reserve (FR), Papulut FR, Kemasul FR and Labis FR. The experimental
design used in this study is a row and column design with 4 replications. Each plot was planted with 4 progenies from one family (plus tree). The trial was
designed in a manner intended for future conversion into seedling seed orchard. The trial was evaluated and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to
determine the diameter and height increment variation among the plus trees and by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to detect significant differences of
means among the progenies. The result showed high variations on survival and diameter and height increments observed within and between the families.
The environmental effects such as soil and micro climatic conditions have contributed to the high variations. This was shown by the differences in overall
performance of the teak seedlings in different sites. Although there is strong indication of genetic x environment interactions, both in term of survival and
growth rates among the families. The result from this trial can be used as the basis for the establishment of seed orchard.
SESSION III
Management Models for Different Value Chains
Including Small Holder Forestry
78
Vctor M. Nieto
Corporacin Nacional de Investigacin y Fomento Forestal CONIF
Bogot
Colombia
79
Variacin de la relacion area basal-volumen en funcin de la calidad de sitio y la edad para plantaciones de Tectona
grandis L.f.en los Llanos Occidentales de Venezuela
Ana Y. Moret, Mauricio Jerez, Ana Quevedo y Lawrence Vincent
La relacin rea basal-volumen es muy importante en ciertos mtodos modernos de inventario forestal, debido a que permite obtener predicciones del
volumen partiendo solo de la estimacin del rea basal la cual puede obtenerse rpidamente utilizando el mtodo de parcelas variables. Sin embargo, esta
relacin parece ser afectada por la calidad de sitio, y la edad, por lo cual es importante tomar en cuenta el efecto de estas variables antes de emplearla
operacionalmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la relacin rea basal:volumen en funcin de la calidad de sitio y la edad, en plantaciones de teca
establecidas en varias localidades de los Llanos Occidentales y Centrales de Venezuela. Los datos utilizados provienen de parcelas permanentes de aclareo y
rendimiento, con diferentes espaciamientos (2 2 m hasta 4 4 m) y regmenes de aclareo (0 a 4), y de 800 parcelas temporales. Las parcelas permanentes
fueron establecidas opinticamente, mientras que las parcelas temporales obedecen a muestras sistemticas con arranque aleatorio. Se plante como
hiptesis que la relacin entre rea basal y volumen es poco afectada por la edad, la densidad, el rgimen de aclareos y el ndice de sitio. El volumen en pie se
calcul segn la ecuacin de Moret et al. 1998 que estima volumen en pie hasta 8 cm de dimetro en punta, utilizando el dap y la altura total de los rboles; y
la clasificacin de sitio se basa en curvas de ndice de sitio generadas a partir de una curva gua tipo Chapman-Richards ajustada con modelos mixtos.
Resultados preliminares indican que la relacin rea basal y volumen no es afectada por la densidad o tratamientos silviculturales, mientras que la calidad de
sitio y la edad tienen un efecto importante en la misma. Para un rango ms o menos amplio de edades y calidades de sitio, la relacin rea basal: volumen es
de alrededor de 1:10,5
Software para Predecir el Troceo de rboles de Teca en Pie para Maximizar el Volumen Comercial y su Valor
Luis Ugalde Arias
Se presenta una descripcin del desarrollo y las bondades que ofrece el troceador con el fin de facilitar las proyecciones del nmero de trozas y volumen
comercial en trozas de diferentes largos y su respectiva valoracin. Las decisiones se basan en los catlogos de precios de compradores de teca, incluyendo la
valoracin de la madera en trozas por clase diamtrica. Se incluyen ejemplos para verificar y comparar las proyecciones realizadas por el troceador con
resultados obtenidos, a travs de la metodologa de cadena de custodia desarrollada para cuantificar la produccin real en el campo, de trozas de rboles
individuales de un raleo o de una corta total de los rboles en las parcelas de medicin (Ugalde, 2008).
El troceador permite hacer las estimaciones del dimetro de las trozas a diferentes alturas del rbol utilizando ecuaciones de ahusamiento o factores de
ahusamiento generados a partir de las cadenas de custodia de rboles individuales. Esta aplicacin est integrada dentro del software MiraSilv (Ugalde, 2014)
y permite la proyeccin de trozas y volumen por rbol individual en pie de acuerdo a la simulacin de un raleo o de una corta total de los rboles en las
parcelas de medicin o del inventario forestal. Incluye reportes de trozas y volmenes de rboles individuales, promedios por parcela, promedios por
hectrea, y promedios por lote de plantacin y su correspondiente valoracin de trozas con o sin corteza y hasta un dimetro mnimo superior del tronco.
SESSION IV
Teak Plantation Management and Environmental Protection
82
Evaluacin del primer raleo comercial en plantaciones de Teca (Tectona grandis Linn f.) en El Petn, Guatemala
Hensy Froilan Caal Chamm, Edwin Estuardo Vaides and Manuel Mollinedo
La evaluacin se realiz con la finalidad de documentar el primer raleo comercial efectuado en plantaciones de Teca al ao 2,014, localizadas en los
municipios de La Libertad y Las Cruces, del departamento de Peten, Guatemala. Dichas plantaciones fueron intervenidas a una edad de 7 aos, siendo
evaluadas las actividades de raleo con tres escenarios propuestos a densidades iniciales post-raleo de 550, 450 y 400 rboles por hectrea, quedando al final
una densidad remanente de 527, 465 y 400 rboles por hectrea, para estas remanencias se utilizaron los mtodos de cajas de marcacin dobles y simple;
donde se tomaron en cuenta las variables de crecimiento y productividad: DAP (cm), altura total (m), AB (m2 ha-1), Volumen (m3 ha-1), calidad del fuste y
calidad de trozas. Para alcanzar los objetivos de esta evaluacin se efectuaron mediciones antes y despus del raleo, con parcelas permanentes de
monitoreo.
Despus de ejecutar el marqueo se encontr que las cajas simples son ms efectivas en relacin a las densidades deseadas, al implementar el raleo se
encontr que la corta de los individuos a travs de los productos obtenidos para biomasa y exportacin fueron de 0.67 m3 ha-1, 5.37 m3 ha-1 y 3.41 m3 ha-1
exportable respectivamente, segn las densidades remanentes de cada escenario; a travs del muestreo de productos se determin que un 56.61% es de alta
calidad y un 36.95% de calidad aceptable, ambos para el mercado de Teca. Esto confirma que con la ejecucin del raleo, inicia el mejoramiento en la calidad
de las plantaciones. Se gener la ecuacin de Volumen Comercial (m3) = 0.00003 * (DAP cm) 2.9241 a obtener por rbol a partir del DAP (cm). Otra
evaluacin que se realiz fue el costo por hectrea la cual dio Q. 609.75, Q. 829.22 y Q. 849.48, correspondiente a las densidades iniciales post-raleo.
Palabras claves: Teca, raleo, productividad, crecimiento, plantaciones.
Manuel Mollinedo
Carrera Ingeniera Forestal
Campus La Verapaz
Guatemala
83
Elemer Briceo, Mario Guevara, Edwin Esquivel, Dagoberto Arias and Sara Molina
Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica
Escuela Ingeniera Forestal
Costa Rica
Email: ebriceno@itcr.ac.cr
84
87
List of Participants
ALEMANIA
1.
Sinan Hagenah
University of Goettingen
Alemania
Email:
sinan.hagenah@forst.uni-goettingen.de
AUSTRIA
5.
AUSTRALIA
2.
Henri Bailleres
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and
Forestry
Agri-Science Queensland,
Australia
Email: henri.bailleres@bigpond.com
3.
Geoff Smith
University of New England
Australia
4.
Timothy Fleming
The International Woodland Company
Australia
Email: tf@iwc.dk
Michael Kleine
International Union of Forest Research
Organizations (IUFRO)
Austria
Email: kleine@iufro.org
9.
Alfredy Alvarez
FORESTECA
Bolivia
Email: saenzfx@hotmail.com
10.
Assaad Daher
FORESTECA
Bolivia
Email: saenzfx@hotmail.com
11.
Annette Daher
FORESTECA
Bolivia
Email: adaher@paperking.com.bo
BOLIVIA
6.
7.
Marcelino Montero
FORESTECA
Bolivia
Email: saenzfx@hotmail.com
12.
13.
Gilberto Francischetto
Cia Vale do Araguaia
Brasil
Email: aferraz@ambarpar.com.br
8.
BRASIL
88
14.
Helaine Carrer
University of Sao Paulo/ESALQ
Brasil
Email: hecarrer@usp.br
20.
Fernando Torres
PROTECA
Brasil
Email: fernando@proteca.com.br
15.
Carmen Sanchis
NOBLEINVEST
Brasil
Email: carmen@nobleinvest.com
21.
Rodrigo Vieira
PROTECA
Brasil
Email: rodrigo@proteca.com.br
16.
17.
18.
19.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Luit Smith
Tectona Agroflorestal Ltda
Brasil
Email: luitsmit@terra.com.br
28.
29.
Selton Vieira
Oito Florestal Ltda
Brasil
Email: selton.vieira@globo.com
30.
Fernando Passos
Bacaeri Florestal Ltda
Brasil
Email: fernandompassos@gmail.com
31.
Sueza Basso
UNICENTRO
Brasil
Email: fernandompassos@gmail.com
89
CANADA
32.
33.
37.
Roger Hernndez
Universidad Laval
Canada
Email: roger.hernandez@sbf.ulaval.ca
Eduardo Gutierrez
Particular
Canada
Email: edu_ge67@hotmail.com
35.
Alexis Wainer
Tripan Guatemala S.A.
Chile
Email: awainer@tripan.cl
Diego Frederick
Greenwood Resources Inc.
Chile
Email: diego.frederick@gwrglobal.com
CHINA
36.
Guihua Huang
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,
Chinese Academy of Forestry
China
Email: hghcom@sina.com
43.
44.
Andres Correa
Reforestadora Caracoli
Colombia
Email: drewscorrea@hotmail.com
45.
46.
47.
Nelson Silva
Universidad de La Salle
Colombia
Email: nelsoneduardosilva@gmail.com
48.
COLOMBIA
38.
CHILE
34.
Liang Kunnan
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,
Chinese Academy of Forestry
China
Email: chinateak@163.net
39.
40.
41.
42.
Juan Piedrahita
Reforestadora Lomaverde
Colombia
Email: jrpiedrahita@yahoo.es
Jose Luis Romero
EQUIFOREST
Colombia
Email: romero@equiforest.com
Fernando Velez-Escobar
Independent Professional
Colombia
Email: fernando.velez52@gmail.com
90
49.
50.
54.
55.
Luis Ugalde
International Forestry and Agroforestry
(INFOA)
Costa Rica
Email: laugalde@gmail.com
56.
Ricardo Lujan
Barca S.A.
Costa Rica
Email: ricardo_lujan@brinkman.ca
52.
57.
Jose Corrales
Barca Sa
Costa Rica
Email: jose_corrales@brinkman.ca
58.
Carlos A. Urcuyo
Cuestamoras Agropecuaria S.A.
Costa Rica
Email: curcuyo@cuestamoras.com
59.
Silvia Obando
Cuestamoras Agropecuaria
Costa Rica
Email: curcuyo@cuestamoras.com
53.
Folkert Kottman
Panamerican Woods Plantations
Costa Rica
Email: pawplant@pawcr.com
Marcela Arguedas
Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Email: marguedas@itcr.ac.cr
61.
62.
Mara Rodrguez
Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Email: maria.rodriguez@itcr.ac.cr
63.
Elemer Briceo
Instituto Tecnolgico de Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Email: ebriceno@itcr.ac.cr
64.
Mario Espinoza
NOVELTEAK
Costa Rica
Email: mario.espinoza@novelteak.com
65.
Diego Perez
Life Forestry Group
Costa Rica
Email: d.perez@lifeforestry.com
51.
COSTA RICA
60.
91
66.
67.
Andres Marten
TECA GKM de Panam
Costa Rica
Email: amarten@tecagkmpana.com
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
Raunak Bhatia
Associate Group
Costa Rica
Email: raunak.bhatia@panamexim.com
Sudesh Pillai
Gujarat University
Costa Rica
Email: sudi.13@gmail.com
Josue Brenes
Adoniss Limited
Costa Rica
Email: josuebrenes@gmail.com
77.
Teodoro Malo
ASOTECA
Ecuador
Email: tmalo@corporacionlanec.com
DENMARK
78.
Poul Elgaard
Tectona Production, Panama
Dinamarca
Email: pe@tectonaproduction.com
Xavier Elizalde
ASOTECA
Ecuador
Email: xelizalde@asoteca.org.ec
79.
Lars Graudal
University of Copenhagen
Dinamarca
Email: lgr@ign.ku.dk
Yuchi Cen
Ecuawood Sa
Ecuador
Email: sales@ecuawood.com
80.
Erick Anderzen
The International Woodland Company
Dinamarca
Email: ean@iwc.dk
Andres Moral
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: amoral@magap.gob.ec
81.
82.
Jose Ramos
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: jramosg@magap.gob.ec
ECUADOR
76.
Antonio Pino
ASOTECA
Ecuador
Email: apino@forescan.com.ec
92
83.
Enrique Garcia
MAGAP
Ecuador
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
Darwin Salvatierra
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: dslvatierra31@hotmail.com
Freddy Magdama
MAGAP
Ecuador
90.
Carlos Cabrera
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email:
carloscabrera2708@gmail.com
Juliana Gonzalez
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: jugonca@yahoo.com
91.
Luis Calderon
MAGAP
Ecuador
Carlos Muoz
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email:
cdmunoz1948@hotmail.com
92.
Sebastin Garzn
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: sgarzon@forhega.com
93.
Pablo N Noboa
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: jperalta@magap.gop.ec
94.
Mayra Luna
REFOREI
Ecuador
Nestor Medrano
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: menproe@hotmail.com
Jose Ricardo Rivas Barzola
MAGAP
Ecuador
Email: jrivas007@hotmail.com
95.
Ismael Olmedo
REFOREI
Ecuador
96.
Carlos Giler
REFOREI
Ecuador
97.
David Montes
MENPROE
Ecuador
Email: vidohotmail.montes@hotmail.com
98.
Andreas Haessler
SYNERGY
Ecuador
99.
Emanuel Carrasco
Hawa Solutions
Ecuador
Email: emanuelcarrasco@gmail.com
100.
Alexandra Calero
RICATIK
Ecuador
Email:alexandra.calero@organigranja.om
101.
Marcos Medina
Particular
Ecuador
102.
Eduardo Ubilla
Particular
Ecuador
Email: eubillla@ecuasabor.com
93
103.
109.
Sebastian Bustamante
Loyola Marymount University
Ecuador
Email: sebas_bus5@hotmail.com
115.
Felipe Pazmio
Aglomerados Cotopaxi
Ecuador
Email: fpazmino@cotopaxi.com.ec
104.
110.
Maggic Arroyo
Retratorec
Ecuador
Email: maggicarroyo_p@hotmail.com
116.
105.
111.
117.
Francesca Achi
SAMBITO
Ecuador
Email: fachi@sambito.com.ec
106.
Heidemarie Sonnenholzner
Planet Wood
Ecuador
Email: heidisoonnee@hotmail.com
112.
118.
Anand Somani
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Ecuador
Email: snb@nipl.sg
107.
113.
Fernando Montenegro
Neo Forests Sa
Ecuador
Email: fdomontenegro@hotmail.com
119.
Ashish Kumar
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Ecuador
Email: snb@nipl.sg
108.
Alberto Jalil
Asisbane
Ecuador
Email: betojalil@gmail.com
114.
120.
Kyra Peareta
DHL Global Forwarding Ecuador
Ecuador
Email: kyra.penareta@dhl.com
94
121.
Christian Cordova
DHL Global Forwarding Ecuador
Ecuador
Email: christian.cordova@dhl.com
127.
Pablo Burbano
PROFAFOR Latinoamrica
Ecuador
Email: pburbano@lafabril.com.ec
133.
Cynthia Castro
OLAM
Ecuador
Email: cynthia.castro@olem.com
122.
Andrea Celi
DHL Global Forwarding Ecuador
Ecuador
Email: andrea.celi@dhl.com
128.
134.
123.
Ivan Leon
PROFAFOR Latinoamrica
Ecuador
Email: ileon@profafor.com
129.
Jos Morn
PROFAFOR Latinoamrica
Ecuador
Email: jmoranf85@hotmail.com
135.
Becker Anasi
Cecomex S.A.
Ecuador
Email: becker.anasi@cecomex.com.ec
124.
130.
136.
Gabriela Belica
Cecomex S.A.
Ecuador
Email: gabriela.belica@cecomex.com.ec
125.
Pablo Mogrovejo
PROFAFOR Latinoamrica
Ecuador
Email: pmogrovejo@profafor.com
131.
Jorge Roman
Forestal Bosquepalm Cia Ltda
Ecuador
Email: romanj@endesabotrosa.com
137.
Rodrigo Anda
Cecomex S. A.
Ecuador
Email: rodrigo.anda@cecomex.com.ec
126.
132.
138.
Kit Combay
Hacienda 5 Amigas
Ecuador
Email: kcomby@gmail.com
95
139.
Rolando Minda
Fundacion Wilson Popenoe
Ecuador
Email: rolandominda1985@hotmail.com
145.
140.
Fernando Torres
Agridole S.A.
Ecuador
Email: ftb@aifasa.com
146.
141.
142.
143.
144.
147.
148.
149.
Eduardo Estrada
Zamoranoteak S.A.
Ecuador
Email: zamoranoteak@gmail.com
150.
151.
Oscar Nuez
Sociedad Agricola E Industrial San Carlos
S.A.
Ecuador
Email: onunez@isc.com.ec
152.
Gilberto Decker
Sociedad Agricola E Industrial San Carlos
S.A.
Ecuador
Email: gdecker@isc.com.ec
153.
Jorge Chavez
POLIDIST
Ecuador
Email: jchavez@polidist.com
154.
155.
Rodrigo Izurieta
Particular
Ecuador
Email: rodrigo@izurieta.com
156.
Rafael Altamirano
COPROCL
Ecuador
Email: r.altamirano@yahoo.com
96
157.
158.
159.
160.
163.
Antonio Acosta
PVS Internacional S.A. Salumbers
Ecuador
Email: agarcia@pvsinternational.com
169.
164.
170.
Sergio Muoz
PVS Internacional Sa Salumbers
Ecuador
Email: agarcia@pvsinternational.com
165.
171.
Denis Mieles
Sociedad Agricola Manabi
Ecuador
Email: holger.mieles@web.de
Saurabh Sagar
PVS Internacional S.A. Salumbers
Ecuador
Email: agarcia@pvsinternational.com
166.
172.
Orlando Zambrano
Madetec S.A.
Ecuador
Email: ozambrano@madetec.com.ec
Adriana Garcia
PVS Internacional Sa Salumbers
Ecuador
Email: agarcia@pvsinternational.com
167.
Diego Medina
CHEMCROP
Ecuador
Email: diego.medina@croplant.com
173.
168.
174.
Luis Meneses
INIAP
Ecuador
Email: santiago.meneses@iniap.gob.ec
161.
Edwin Jimenez
CFN
Ecuador
Email: ejimenez@cfn.fin.ec
162.
97
175.
181.
Carlos Zambrano
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Ecuador
Email: snb_export@yahoo.com
187.
Yovanny Buste
La Vanguardia Forestal
Ecuador
Email: ppalacios@palamarti.com
176.
Ricardo Limongi
INIAP
Ecuador
Email: ricardo.limongi@iniap.gob.ec
182.
Rodny Garrido
ECUAFORESTAL
Ecuador
Email: forestalgarrido@gmail.com
188.
Martin Umpierrez
La Vanguardia Forestal
Ecuador
Email: ppalacios@palamarti.com
177.
183.
Gonzalo Quillupangui
Particular
Ecuador
Email: qg1964@gmail.com
189.
178.
Ernesto Caarte
INIAP
Ecuador
Email: ecanarte2002@yahoo.com
184.
Vineeth Menon
ARON Global Pte Ltd
Ecuador
Email: vineeth@aronglobal.com
190.
179.
Rafael Elizalde
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Ecuador
Email: r.elizalde@yahoo.com
185.
Rahul Kaul
Pamposh International S.A.
Ecuador
Email: rahulkaul.14@gmail.com
191.
180.
Guillermo Ortega
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Ecuador
Email: gortegaro@yahoo.com
186.
Paul Palacios
La Vanguardia Forestal
Ecuador
Email: ppalacios@palamarti.com
192.
98
193.
Fernando Muirragui
Negcorpbis S.A.
Ecuador
Email: sluna@palmardelrio.com
199.
205.
194.
Juan Salgado
Negcorpbis S.A.
Ecuador
Email: sluna@palmardelrio.com
200.
Sandro Navas
Morondava S.A.
Ecuador
Email: sandronavas@latinversa.com
206.
Boanerges Pereira
Heightwood S.A.
Ecuador
Email: boapereira@hotmail.com
195.
Mohit Maheshwari
Royal Global Exports
Ecuador
Email: m.maheshwari@royal.com.sg
201.
Stephanie Navas
Morondava S.A.
Ecuador
Email: sandronavas@latinversa.com
207.
Anand Motha
Particular
Ecuador
Email: anand@royalglobalexp.com.sg
196.
202.
Csar Nogales
Zamorano
Ecuador
Email: cesar.nogales@syngenta.com
203.
Rafael Wong
Reybanpac, Reybanano Del Pacifico
Ecuador
Email: rwong@favoritafc.com
204.
197.
198.
Knut Radicke
Life Forestry Ecuador S.A.
Ecuador
Email: k.radicke@lifeforestry.com
Manuel Bonifaz
Capaltec S.A.
Ecuador
Email: bonifazm@hotmail.es
Vikash Nihalani
PVS Internacional Sa Salumbers
Emiratos Arabes Unidos
Email: agarcia@pvsinternational.com
209.
Vijay Nihalani
PVS Internacional Sa Salumbers
Emiratos Arabes Unidos
Email: agarcia@pvsinternational.com
99
ESTADOS UNIDOS
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
Felipe Veliz
Times International
Estados Unidos
Email: fveliz@sucafinausa.com
Mark Willhite
World Forest Investment, Inc
Estados Unidos
Email: mark.willhite@juno.com
Adam Watson
Terrasource Valuation LLC
Estados Unidos
Email: awatson@tsvalue.com
Jeff Wikle
Terrasource Valuation LLC
Estados Unidos
Email: awatson@tsvalue.com
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
Rafael De La Torre
Arborgen Inc
Estados Unidos
Email: rdelat@hotmail.com
Luis Osorio
University of Florida
Estados Unidos
Email: lfosorioa@gmail.com
John Turland
RISI Inc.
Estados Unidos
Email: jturland@risi.com
Alex Finkral
The Forestland Group
Estados Unidos
Email:
alex@forestlandgroup.com
FRANCE
222.
Olivier Monteuuis
CIRAD
Francia
Email: olivier.monteuuis@cirad.fr
223.
Pierre-Yves Comte
571 Chemin De La Tuilerie
Francia
Email: p.y.comte@wanadoo.fr
224.
Roberto Bacilieri
INRA Montpellier
Francia
Email: bacilieri@supagro.inra.fr
GHANA
225.
Richard Andrew
Hemisphere Forest Investment LP
Estados Unidos
Email:
rickandrew2@gmail.com
Ravichandran Sarojanam
Particular
Estados Unidos
Hugh Brown
Forestry Commission
Ghana
Email: hughbrown03@hotmail.com
GUATEMALA
226.
227.
Luis Alvarado
GFP
Guatemala
Email: luis.alvarado@gfplp.com
228.
229.
Kurt Schneider
CORVIGLIA Sa
Guatemala
Email: kurt.schneider11@gmail.com
230.
232.
Biswajeet Singh
OLAM
India
Email: biswajeet.singh@olamnet.com
238.
Darshan Raiyani
OLAM
India
Email: darshan@olamnet.com
233.
239.
Bhanu Avasthi
OLAM
India
Email: bhanu.avasthi@olamnet.com
234.
Vignesh Tj
OLAM
India
Email: vignrsh.tj@olamnet.com
240.
Rakesh Semwal
OLAM
India
Email: raquesh.semwel@oalmet.com
235.
Priyank Pradeep
OLAM
India
Email: p.pradeep@olamnet.com
241.
236.
Veronica Flores
OLAM
India
Email: veronica.flores@olamnet.com
242.
Kartar Singh
Matharu
India
Email: singh@olamnet.com
237.
Ashish Malik
OLAM
India
Email: ashish.malik@olemnet.com
243.
Sreelakshmy M.P
TEAKNET
India
Email: secretariat@teaknet.org
INDIA
231.
Koustubha Bhutra
OLAM
India
Email: k.bhutra@olamnet.com
101
244.
Thulasidas P.K
Kerala Forest Research Institute
India
Email: coordinator@teaknet.org
245.
Siddhartha Bhargava
APP Timber
India
Email: siddhartha@apptimber.com
246.
247.
Ashwani Kumar
Indian Council of Forestry Research And
Education
India
Email: ashwani133@hotmail.com
248.
Gaurav Agicha
Associate Group
India
Email: info@panamexim.com
249.
Narendra Agicha
Associate Group
India
Email: info@panamexim.com
250.
Prateek Garg
Madhav
India
Email:
prateeksohil@madhavoverseas.com
255.
INDONESIA
251.
James Roshetko
World Agroforestry Centre (Icraf)
Indonesia
Email: j.roshetko@cgiar.org
252.
253.
254.
Novinci Muharyani
Research And Development Center of
Perum Perhutani
Indonesia
Email: novincimuharyani@yahoo.co.id
Erlangga Abdillah
Research And Development Center of
Perum Perhutani
Indonesia
Email: abdillahjoe09@gmail.com
Eko Sudaryanto
Research And Development Center of
Perum Perhutani
Indonesia
Email: esudaryanto95@yahoo.com
IRAN
256.
Amir Sohrabi
Particular
Irn
Email: amirkrs@organigranja.com
ITALY
257.
Walter Kollert
FAO of the United Nations
Italia
Email: walter.kollert@fao.org
258.
Graciela Andrade
FAO of the United Nations
Italia
Email:
gracielamaria.andrademoreno@gmail.co
m
102
JAPAN
259.
260.
Tetra Yanuariadi
ITTO, Yokohoma
Japn
Email: tetra@itto.int
Rahmayanti Rahmayanti
ITTO, Yokohoma
Japn
Email: tetra@itto.int
MALAYSIA
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
Ahmad Yahya
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Malasia
Email: zuhaidi@frim.gov.my
Doreen Ks Goh
Sabah Foundation
Malasia
Email: dorngoh@hotmail.com
268.
MEXICO
269.
Jose Cibrian
Forestal Milenium
Mxico
Email: jcibriantovar@hotmail.com
Jurgen Stock
PROTEAK
Mxico
Email: eespinosa@proteak.com
270.
Gaston Mauvezin
PROTEAK
Mxico
Email: eespinosa@proteak.com
271.
Raul Alvarez
Multimedios
Mxico
Email: raul.alvarez@multimedios.com
272.
Ruben Quezada
Multimedios
Mxico
Email:
quezada.rodriguez@yahoo.com.mx
Victor Fernandez
Agropecuaria Santa Genoveva Sapi de Cv
Mxico
Email:
victor.fernandez@genoveva.com.mx
Carlos Rojas
Agropecuaria Santa Genoveva Sapi de Cv
Mxico
Email: carlos.rojas@genoveva.com.mx
Mauricio Blanco
Agropecuaria Santa Genoveva Sapi de Cv
Mxico
Email:
mauricio.blanco@genoveva.com.mx
Enrique Espinoza
PROTEAK
Mxico
Email: eespinosa@proteak.com
MYANMAR
273.
Yazar Minn
Forest Research Institute
Myanmar
Email: yazarminn@gmail.com
103
274.
Ohn Lwin
University of Forestry
Myanmar
Email: ohnpyone@gmail.com
280.
286.
Salvador Zuiga
Teca GKM de Panam
Panam
Email: szuniga@tecagkmpana.com
275.
Than Swe
CONCORD Commodities
Myanmar
Email: ayeaye5862@gmail.com
281.
Eugenio Robelo
EQUIFOREST
Nicaragua
Email: erobelo@equiforest.com
287.
Elvis Yanguez
Teca GKM de Panam
Panam
Email: eyanguez@tecagkmpana.com
276.
Sameer Kaushal
Organization
Myanmar
Email: Ayeaye5862@Gmail.Com
288.
Robert Kroesen
United Nature, Inc.
Panam
Email: robert@unitednature.com
289.
290.
Ariel Urriola
United Nature, Inc.
Panam
Email: robert@unitednature.com
291.
Abraham Nuez
United Nature, Inc.
Panam
Email: robert@unitednature.com
277.
Aye Thiha
Royal Tree Services
Myanmar
Email: ayethiha@royaltreeservices.biz
PANAMA
282.
283.
NICARAGUA
278.
279.
Carlos Domke
MLR Forestal
Nicaragua
Email: cdomke@mlr.com.ni
284.
Ove Faurby
Norteak Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Email: faurby@norteak.no
285.
Ariel Uriola
United Nature
Panam
Email: ariel@unitednature.com
Ashish Parik
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Panam
Email: panabharat@nipl.sg
Fardeen Chhapra
Matrix Green Central America Inc
Panam
Email: matrixgreen@cwpanama.net
Hessel Van Straten
Panamerican Reforestation Services Sa
Panam
Email: hesselvanstraten@hotmail.com
104
292.
Edgar Guerra
United Nature, Inc.
Panam
Email: robert@unitednature.com
298.
Diego Dipieri
BARCA
Panam
Email: diego_dipieri@brinkman.ca
303.
Robert Herea
Banati Bosque Sac
Per
Email: robert.herena@banatibosque.pe
293.
Martin Johansson
Ecotopia Group
Panam
Email: martin@ecotopiateak.com
299.
304.
Franco Herea
Banati Bosque Sac
Per
Email: robert.herena@banatibosque.pe
294.
Luis Rios
ANARAP
Panam
Email: recepcion@batipa.com
305.
Felipe Koechlin
Universidad Pacifico
Per
Email: felipe.koechlin@ramsa.pe
Freddy Cspedes
Atlantexco Forestal Sac
Per
Email: freddycespedesratto@gmail.com
306.
Duberli Elera
Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca
Per
Email: duberli.elera@ramsa.pe
Gonzalo de Aliaga
Reforestal S.A.C.
Per
Email: gdealiaga@gmail.com
307.
Mariano Bustamante
Reforestal
Per
Email: mbustamante@ememsa.com
308.
Jos Chlimper
Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria North
Carolina State University
Per
Email: jchlimper@agrokasa.com.pe
295.
296.
297.
PERU
300.
301.
302.
Mauricio Scheelje
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Per
Email:
mauricio.scheelje@ramsa.pe
105
REPBLICA CHECA
309.
310.
311.
312.
314.
319.
Petr Madera
Mendel University in Brno
Repblica Checa
Email: petrmad@mendelu.cz
Rahul Ahuja
ARON Global Pte Ltd
Singapur
Email: rahul@aronglobal.com
315.
320.
Josef Cafourek
Mendel University in Brno
Repblica Checa
Email: cafourek@trnet.cz
SP Biyani
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Singapur
Email: biyani@nipl.sg
Egon Fink
Life Forestry Switzerland
Suiza
Email: e.fink@lifeforestry.com
316.
Himanshu Biyani
Nirmala International Pte Ltd
Singapur
Email: himanshu@nipl.sg
Peter Haninec
Mendel University in Brno
Repblica Checa
Email: xhaninec@node.mendelu.cz
Martin Smola
Lesprojekt Vychodni Cechy
Repblica Checa
Email: smola.martin@seznam.cz
Reetesh Dalmia
ROYAL
Singapur
Email:
m.maheshwari@royalglobalexp.com.sg
321.
Leon Viljoen
Kilomero Valley Teak Company
Tanzania
Email: hlemm@kvtc-tz.com
322.
Hans Lemm
Kilombero Valley Teak Company
Tanzania
Email: hlemm@kvtc-tz.com
323.
Harbert Marwa
Tanzania
Email:
marwaharbert@gmail.com
SWEDEN
317.
SINGAPUR
313.
TANZANIA
Fredrik Lundberg
VIMEK AB
Suecia
Email: fredrik.lundberg@vimek.se
SWITZERLAND
318.
Dominic Ziegler
Arbofino Switzerland Ag
Suiza
Email: dominic@arbofino.ch
106
VENEZUELA
UGANDA
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
Sim Katende
Katende. Ssempebwa and Co. Advocates
Uganda
Email: sim@kats.co.ug
332.
Andrew Ireland
Beaver Biotech Uganda Limited
Uganda
Email: andrewedwardireland@gmail.com
333.
Felician Kilahama
Beaver Biotech Uganda Ltd
Uganda
Email: sim@kafs.co.ug
334.
Abdul Safiq
Beaver Biotech Uganda Ltd
Uganda
Email: nettshoppe@africaonline.co.ug
335.
336.
Mauricio Jerez-Rico
Universidad de Los Andes
Venezuela
Email: jerezorama@gmail.com
337.
Ana Moret
Universidad de Los Andes
Venezuela
Email: anayajaira.moret.@gmail.com
338.
339.
340.
341.
107