J. Med, Entomol. Vol. 16, no. 6: 497-501 18 December 1979 LIFE STAGES AND POPULATION OF PROECHINOPHTHIRUS ZUMPTI (ANOPLURA: ECHINOPHTHIRIIDAE), FROM THE CAPE FUR SEAL (ARCTOCEPHALUS PUSILLUS)! By Ke Chung Kim* Absteat, Ube egg ant wymphs a Pros hinyplckires sump are described for the frst tm at the adults ave redesriee. Preliminary data on infestation, popula ard sopogaphie Aiseibution of P. sumpti based a 10 pet samples ol Arete ‘ephals pilus ave presented, and a phslogenetic inference i ‘made for Prchiwphikirw by comparing Plucis ane Pump Provchinophihirus Ewing exclusively infests fur seals (Arctocephalinae, Ousriidae) and contains 2 known species: P. jluctus (Fertis) on Callorhinus wysinus (L) (Northern Fur Seal) and P. :umpti Wer neck on Arctocephalus pusillus (Schrever) (Cape Fur Seal) (Kim et al. 1975). Prucehinophthirus zumpti was described on the basis of several specimens col lected from “Cape Sea Lion” in 1955 (Werneck 1955). No additional collection has becn made since the type specimens were collected in 1953. De P. D. Shaughnessy, Director of Sea Fisheries, South Africa Department of Industries, made available 10 salted pelt samples of Aretocephalus pusillus for this study, collected chrough the efforts of Mr C, A. Repenning, U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California. Morphological and chaetotactic terminologies devised by Kim & Ludwig (1978) and terminology of simple symmetrical plane shapes of the System: aaties Association Committee on Descriptive Biolog: ical Terminology (1962) are used in this paper This paper presents the first description of the egg and nymphs and data on the population den sity and structure of Provchinuphthirus zumpti. ‘The adults are redescribed. A phylogenetic inference is made for Prorhinophihirus and related echino, phthiviids MATERIALS AND METHODS. Of the 10 pelt samples of A. pusilluy for this study which were collected in South Atric only "Paper mo, 62 in Jounal Series of dhe Pennsylvania Age: cultatal Experiment Staton, University Park, PA 16802, USA, This paper is cotibution from the Agricultural Experiment Staton Project No. 2824, “Ecology of Mamaia Fatopana "The Frost Entomological Maneum, Department of Bit mology. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, 3 samples represented complete pelts and [ sample was only the posterior! of the pelt, Other pelt samples were small pieces, The pelt sample data used for population analysis are as follows, 1-2 yearling (approximately 10 months old), found dead, 10.X.1974, Seal I, False Bay, posterior '¢ of pele (sample no. 74-149). 1 é yearling (ap. proximately 10° months old), 10.X,1978, Seal 1 False Bay. whole pelt (sample no. 74-167), 2 year lings (7-10 months old), sex unknown (presumably 6), VILIX.1974, Kleinsee; taken in annual gov- ernment harvest (simple no, 1974-A & L9TEB) Two small pieces of pelts from 2 adult 9 25.1X.1974, Elephant Rock, found dead (sample no. AP 101 and 102); | pelt sample from | black pup (less than | month old), Koeberg Beach, 15 mi [24 km] N of Cape Town, 2.X11975 (sample no. 1975-A): 3 yearlings (10 months old), Seal 1 False Bay, 8.X,1975, sex unknown (sample no, 1975-B, C, D), The modified Cook's techuique was used ( ex: tract the total louse population from the pelt (Kim 1972). From all samples, this process yielded 45 specimens of all stages including a number of eggs. Proechinophthirus zumpti Werneck Fic. 1-6 Procchinuphihirus sumplti Werneck, 1 Biol. 15: 410-21 55, Rev. Bras. Drseripion. 3 (Bie 1.2. Hota body feng = 10) (range LAS-2.04 ni) slender, dete species. Aad Foager that side. with anterior ming toned andl soemgl sclerotized: foreiead with lang Lateral burike apadernes pst antennal angle sttongiy developed with strong lateral seae {SMHS: dorsally with yetae of Sarioas lenis sealered, loz Teal ith stad Bical wit abu 18 media Co by setae: venteally with pair of heaeily slerotized arronly 0) five pegs: pestevior lateral angle with spinor projet ‘scipur Heavily alerenize td slightly cntricted tps tnd occipital pupyacs lghdy elongate: ventrally a the po terior ed of cath kates Bur with 2 xing harvey borate pegs. forehead! with W hg setae o each side and cently with B fom a 4 setae betwen nbastate pegs anal hindhead ith 3 ford Tong setae on each side. Andon segmented: basal sey tment enlarged with 4 Lage apiniform pey om cath of dor and ventral sides: segment 2 shortest: terminal segment Wil ‘sensors atl about 8 peg ongae a ape. Thorac wider thas head, with strong phragmata anda disinct notal pi: proto {st om 9498 J. Med. Eaamol Vol. 16, 00.8 Fie. 3. vermin, racic phragma short and converging: mesothoratic phragia Concintuissacrens the notunn, enclosing the total pity etatho uci phragina not cutis: deal prottracie setae (DPS) Usually spiniforen pegs but sccasionally regula slender sete mesoutatum with 2 strong spinon pegs and mia il a spiniform peg on each se: in adlin to these pos. ate orl with 7 tony setae a eal sie and posteronl with 2 very long setae: 2 long setae placed next tthe dorsal mesetho setae (DMS): ventrally more tan 20 long setae scattered om ‘ach sides mesothoracic spirace mated iy fn of 2 nesothoe fick setae stermuim membranous witht distinct sts plate Lip. Foreleys small weak with undies easy tad With acuminate caw: mide and hinds similay in shape id sire. ery large and stvg, eb with bier sts compen aid ar farge, blunt clas, dddomen cknigated witha tera, ermal sn paratergal ples 6 iinet spaces, each with specialized ‘losing apparatus: setae forming central at lateral els se foumber uf setae watered on cath seymens or teks witht Sint segmental demarcation, anal segavent with $ oder sired setae on cath se Drsterior abwomen with xisntal devi shapeed sete, Genitalia Ha apderme broad Jog parameres slender atl shortes than preudpenis with printed Apex: preudopenis Vishaped with apical arm sbor and blunt fndomere aeraizd,anterionly oper penterinry connected aedeagasnclevaized, comet to posters arms of endamere Fie. Lo $)e Tosa body lenghy 287 om 2) 7 = My range = 222-2 57 mma, Head, thors, legs. and alone 39 ind unless mentioned thersise, Genitalia (Fic. 3). Vulva Fringed with denve setae and with crowded chaner of bong ton at side of the wal segment EGG (Fu. 4). Length 1.26 mm (8) (= 7; wartomiy oval aachedd tothe hair lnngadinaly: pereulany icine! Proochinophthras sampts Werneck, atu, 1, heal thorn anal coal plates, $52, 5 genitalia: 8, NYMPH 1 (F169) ‘Hod get ha vides anterion margin with Bot 7 ban spines for pegs: pestantental angle not highly developed: forehead with 7 or more setae on each sider Windbcae with 6 49 7 setae ‘et lagonaly starting from baxe of antennae to center of ea Alora principal head seca (PH) long 3 dorsal marginal head setae (DMHS) present mederately ized setae nate ores ecipuc: ventrally with T ventral preastenal bead sei Pay). slatenua segmented basal segment enlarged. itl 1 peg on each uf the dorsal und sent sides lerminal segments wt T distinc sesiluny and several peg organs at pes. Thorax slighly sider than heads preahoracie phragm sndisin: rrcsthoracie phragatata catered cet bu ot contested: tnetathoracc phragmata incomplete: nota pit indie mes thraci sitar lawn, with Laesntbunich seta (DMS): do sal prothisaie setae (DPIS) spinor: dorsal {ue (DMS) spinifornt; Sor 4 addional see on mes mated: 6 spitcles stint ‘dorsal central abdominal setae (DCAS) Sn ctac (DEAS) and 2 munate sete on Reh ad ine set fom anal seyanent an cach aie: ventally with 2 u 8 roms oF Ceara central abdosninal sae (VCAS). 3 vewtal lateral ab minal sece (VEAS) ad 1 minute seat cea side NYMPH IL 1 soo nymph HL NYMPH UL he, 6). “total ody legs LAT mn (2) = 2), Simian nymph [antes mined herve. Ha with nerioe mary stongly cleronreac spines und pegs larger and Seve longer! denslly with 17 setae wn cah sider ventrally 2 large pes a he base of acnna in aekion go VPHS. it oval body lenge 92 m6 = 2 we cach side, Toys as el all with roms of 10 rsa eral abdon ewe tal boat length 1.38 sm) (0 = 2 sta1979 im: Prorhingplire sot fron the Cape Fur Seal Fre. 446, Prorhinphihras sump Wernech. 4. eR 5 head with 2 6 tong setae on ea sides mesons wih 2 resethovasis peysy ventrally Sur dros of 4-6 setae. Adomen tsith 2-4 toma nf DLAS so 2-8 rooms of DUAS! sent 10 Fons of 4-10 VAS Type data. Holotype 3 (#2758) und 3 paratypes UF (#I7SA), 2 N (ARTI), collected by De Zampt from "Cape Sea Lion” 8885, Mossel. Bay. Province, South Africa, NILI@5S, There are 2 more on 1 slide, in poor condition, from the type tot J. A. Ledger, 26.1.1979, pers. commun.) They are deposited in the collection of ‘The South African Institute for Medical Research, P.O, Box 1038, Hospital Street, Joharmesbur. South Afti- ape Speeimens examined. EX Arctorephalus.puoilts, SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Seal I, False Bay. 14d 182, 5 ex TaN UV 4, 64.9.5 N I, Kleinsec, VILIX.1974: 25.52 2 NIN, Rocberg Beach, 15 mi [24 kml N of Cape Town, 2.XUL UF 0 jmp 6, yp IL INFESTATION, POPELATION AND JOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION The population data presented here are at best preliminary, sinee they are based on inadequate samples. Approximately 70% af the Cape Fur Seals stclied were infested sith Provhinopithirus sumpti. ‘This inkest we will certainly increase when larger pelt simples are studied, ay seen in Northern Fur Seals. In an earlier study (Kim 1972), approximately 80% of Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus wsinws) were infested with lice, OF the infested Northern Fur Seals. about 51% harbored Provchinophitirus flcows and 96% were infested with Antarctophthirus callorhini (Osborn) (Kim 1972). No. Antarrtophikirus was Found on Cape Fur Seals. ‘The po sump are pu ulation der density and structure of P. ented in ‘Tarte |. The mean pop: wats LORS lice per host, which is00 “TaBLe 1. Population density and strucute af Proshivephthin J. Med. Evan spt Were om the Cape Fs Seal tuples sila Pelt samples were taken frm yearlings (7—IM oct) Noor spurts Nyoph Nymph th Pru sary so 3 z Torah Nymph teats 7 3 jl 0 ° ° i 7 T4167 4 " i is ns sH 194 i a 4 2 o 4 4 198 6 i 1 0 ° 3 16 Totals 38 28 w 15 a 20 4 Mean (6 wa 0 se ws sow tox Population structure (%) xa Ar 33 wos O43 = * Posietior Sg uf pelt: absolute population deity expected co be much Lge dl similar to 107.6 lice per infested host of P. /luctus on Northern Fur Seals, The Cape Fur Seal was infested with all nymphal instars; 65% of the total louse population represented Ist-instar nymphs. P. aumpti was most commonly found on the belly and tail area of the host body (Tate 2). Fifty per- cent of the total louse population was found an the belly and 26% on the «ail area. This pattern of distribution iy again similar to that found in P. fluctus on Northern Fur Seals (Kim 1972, 1975). Proschinuphthirus is exclusively parasitic on fur seals (Arctocephalinae. Otariidae) and only 2 species are known: P. fluctus from the Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus wsinws) and P. sumpti from the Cape Fur Seal (Arctocephatus pusilus puoi). Of the 7 species of Arctacephatus, the Cape Fur Seal is the only species from which sucking lice are known. Texpect to find additional species of ‘hinophthirus from other fur seals (Kim et al. 1973). P. sumpti adults retain a number of morpholog- ical characters found in the Sré-instar nymph: a pair of dorsal central pegs. 2 pairs of ventral lateral pegs and 2 lateral marginal head setae, while the adults of P.fluctus possess none of these Srd-instar Procchinopthray campti tales pili ple. Hants 2. Topographic distribution Wernecko the Cape Eur Seal (Ae tor No-one he numer iat ymphal characters (Kim 1971). This phenome- hon may indicate neotonous evolution in P. sump, en in Sathrax durus Johnson (Polyplacidae), ‘This further suggests that P. jluctuy has been sep- arated for a long time from the ancestral stock of Procchinophthirus and acquired its own adult char- acters not found in P. suompii. This inference fur- ther supports the contention that the 2 fur seals, Callorhinus and, Arctoerphalus, have evolved along separate lineages for a long time, lineayes that have been distinct for a much longer period of time than have those leading to the various living sea lions (Kim et al. 1975, Moorejohn 1975, Re- penning 1975, Repenning & Telford 1977). The star nymph of P. luctus is very similar 10 of P. sumpti. ‘The close similarity of the 3rd- instar nymphs of Prucchinopkihirns supports. the monophyly of fur (Repenning & Telford 197). snarctpkthirus callorkini is found on Northern Fur Seals along with P. jluctuy and has a definite nicrohabitat preference (Kim 1972, 1975). No dnt- arrtophthirus species was found in my samples of Avctocephatus puosilln, although it was expected. Te is premature t make any definite statement at this time as to whether rctocephalus does harbor Ait arctophthiras and, it not, of what significance the absence of Antarrtephihirus on rctocephalus may be. However, the answer to the ques of con- siderable significance in the interpretation of the evolution of the fur seals, dshwrcldemond. Lam grate to Dr B.D, Shaughnessy biccctur of Sea Faeries, and Dr Peter B. Best, Marine Ma sl Laboratory, Sea Fiseres Branch, South Afrea Depart (al Tidustriey, Cape Lown, Soth Africa, Ror making pelt Samples of dhe Cape Fur Seal available For this study, and. Me CON: Repenning, US. Goulngicl Survey, Mens Park, Califor. hia, for his Kiadness in making arrangements for elle ti of the study samples. Without thee etforts ts stds woul otLa Fim: Proechnuphihirns swaps thn the Cape: Fa Sea om have been prose. am als idea ss Mis Verde Hla he excellent aositane i cattle fs fering paring spevinie Cot a. Kim, KG A. Repenning & G. V, Moorejahn. 1973, sj ii ay oft a ee aden cad sesh Happ PV How Cv fot pi ey 46S ste Moorejohn, G.¥. 147% A pogo i nai seal ae eae iagh Bol Ko Kim, KC. 1971. The suking ice (Annplura: Eehinophthi fos Fit Aan, Mor 169: A-3h, Miidae) of dhe northern fur seal: desi riptons ane morpho. Repeaning, C. A. 13173, Oturiid evolution, Rapp. Pol’. Rewn ge aapaton, fof ome. 6 2 on, I eo, Mer O23 pelt LiteRATORE CrIED, 18573 Lote populations the monte te wal lrkinn RepERBING. G A. AER H. Telford. 1975, pari wal of the ee etnies Neoetes C3. Gra Ses Pg. Paps 9B: Lest ph 2 1975, Feolegs aot orpolgial adaption ol die sucking SYEMaties Association Commitee for Descriptive Biologics! fice UXmopluts. Eehophnhidae) ost the northern tur Tettinology. 19H. Terminology of simple seme sea Raph Pl Ren nsf ph. Mor MOG WHT. Bla shapes, hath ba Fon Ue Fast 243A Kim K. Co H.W, Ludvig. 18%. ‘The tant sitsicain WeFMeeks FL. 195%. Sens Aropluno de Lew Mate K Aine Anopluns, Sue Enon 8¢ 30-84, Hoos Bnd VEAL ZL