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The research attached here entitled Astronomy:
Geocentric &
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B. Objectives of the study
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C. Statement of the study
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D. General Objectives
E. Specific Objectives
Hypothesis of the study
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Definition of terms
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Chapter two: Review of related literature
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Misconceptions
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Conclusion
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Recommendation
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To
To
To
To
Heliocentric theory.
Hypothesis of the study:
The researcher predicts that the Heliocentric is approved by other
scientist because it is proven that sun is the center of the solar system.
Significance of the study:
The significance of the study is to understand differences and
similarities of Geocentric and Heliocentric theory. This topic is chosen to
benefit the following:
1. Students Students will benefit in this research because they will see
the theory of geocentric and heliocentric. The similarities and
differences of the two theories. Also, the proponents of the two
theories.
Definition of terms:
Geocentric is a superseded description of the universe, where the Earth is
at the center of all the celestial bodies.
Heliocentric- is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets
revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System
Epicycles -are tiny circles the planets orbit on
Deferent - the circle around the earth in which a celestial body or the center
of the epicycle of its orbit was thought to move
Retrograde the apparent backward motion of a planet caused by its being
lapped by another planet, or vise- versa
[1]
The
Tycho posed an intermediate model of the universe, where the earth was still
the centre point, but the other planets were allowed to rotate around the Sun
as it rotated around the Earth. This was an intermediate solution, designed to
explain the observational evidence that the planets moved around the Sun
while preserving the sacrosanct notion that the Earth was the centre of the
universe.
2) St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 1274) - a priest and philosopher, used the
writings of these men to show that the heavens were "God-ordained
and man-centered." The Church leaders felt that they had the duty of
Astronomy: Geocentric & Heliocentric Page 10
BC
the
AD,
revolutionibus
orbium
coelestium
libri
VI (Six
Books
of
the
planets,
it
was
necessary
to
add
more
and
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC), a Greek philosopher, taught that the Earth
was the center of the Universe. He thus taught that the Sun, the Moon,
and the planets thus orbited the Earth. This is the "geocentric theory."
Aristotle set forth this theory in a book called, "On the Heavens."
On the other hand, another Greek named Aristarchus of Samos in the
3rd century BC placed the Earth and other planets in motion around
the central Sun. This idea, however, was rejected by the people in
favor of Aristotle's geocentric theory.Aristarchus of Samos (310 - 230
BC) was both a mathematician and astronomer. He the first to propose
a sun-centered universe. Archimedes (287 - 212 BC) criticized this
glory of God.
Nicholas Copernicus (1473 - 1543) studied to become a priest in
the University of Bologna in 1497. His religious training included
astronomy, since one of his duties would be to warn the people about
the future by what happened in the heavens. Domenico Maria Novara
was an astronomy professor who taught Copernicus. Domenico and
Copernicus spent many nights studying the heavens together. They
freely discussed ways for improving and simplifying Ptolemy's system
of planetary motion.
Copernicus set out to improve the system devised by Ptolemy. He
realized that the rising and setting of the Sun, Moon, and stars could
be accounted for by a daily revolution of the Earth. Also, he found that
if he put the Sun at the center of the planet's orbits he could simplify
the number of epicycles from 80 in Ptolemy's system to a mere 34.
Although epicycles do not exist, Copernicus' intuition was correct. His
idea that the Earth and planets orbited about the sun became known
heliocentric theory.
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) lived in Italy. He used the newlyinvented telescope to make his own observations. He studied
mountains and craters on the Earth's moon, the phases of Venus, and
the moons of Jupiter. Particularly he noted that Venus at times appears
to be a crescent, just as the Earth's moon does. All of these findings
supported Copernicus' heliocentric theory. Galileo wrote about his
observations and thus angered the Roman Catholic Church. The Church
eventually placed him under house arrest. The Inquisition was the
tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church at this time. The Inquisition
made Galileo kneel before them and confess that the heliocentric
theory was false.
A modern author name Preserved Smith wrote, "Though the
implications of the new science were not worked out immediately, it
began to be suspected that if the theories were true, man had lost his
Sun. He claimed that the Sun still orbited about the Earth, however.
Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) was a German astronomer. Kepler
was invited to live in Prague by Tycho Brahe. Tycho died a year after
Kepler's arrival. Kepler inherited a wealth of astronomical data from
Tycho. Kepler used this data to draw conclusions about the orbits of the
planets.
Kepler's Three Laws can be used to describe the motion of the Planets:
1. The Planets move in orbits about the Sun that are ellipses
2. The planets move such that the line between the Sun and the
Planet sweeps out the same area in the same area in the
same time no matter where in the orbit.
3. The square of the period of the orbit of a planet is proportional
Chapter III
Methodology
Astronomy: Geocentric & Heliocentric Page 22
Heliocentric theory.
2. The research found out that there are proponents that contradicts and
approves of either of the two theories.
3. The research also found out who are the different proponents of the
two theories.
4. The research also states the differences and the similarities of the two
theories.
5. The research also found out that the Sun was really the center of the
solar system because of the findings of the past and present findings.
Conclusion
Astronomy: Geocentric & Heliocentric Page 23