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Le compteur Geiger Mller<<<^q<]D1

 *+, . "!#$ %&'
(    ! 1928        


6 -<=
4 ;>= /? -. / *! 01 23 456 5 7" 8,3 9
: 
 ;
U = 500 V = C& ; D := , C = 1,0
10 11 F ! @ *A>= /B

RC<<]]<<D11

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. - E,B FG:. DH UR UC , " -A 2 ->' -E

 D111
.-". MN *A>= 3# O M  " ME ,=N P,, < i(t) J3 9K> , L #  ! 0" (211
. Qmax

=N QBR(311

< <<j]<l]]!<D21
456 %
 /@ ;" P, =. 456 %? ;+ 
6 -S( Q B !'= L(= ; A!  EN( -
UN Q B = ,, %+ Q B, -.= /B 3
%
,> TB, =
:6 3 C3 9,
9H *A> VW 3 /@ -<=
4 ;>= . VW, %# /@ 7" D: *A>= 9  ; , *W&
! " L  XGS Y 3 9, %' ( " -B  -S( ( " . R ,E 9 -.
. VW, %# Y 3 Z?=[ \ = K> L 
   (121
. VW, XGS *A>= 9H& ; 9K> , EE3 9, (!= 2 < (221
. -". EB W, (!= -3 -A== 73= -A= ->' 8 (321

L = 2
 @$(31
; -MW 9, :,=
*'> ;,,, ;#
9] !' EN( ;"
9> ^ t = 0,10 ms

Q L  W> ( ! -=!

R L  E QBR . = 2t NG! DE3 4

1

< <J<^]<p<]]<D2
-># 7" 2W 8? 222 4( 4> 7$ 8(a ,,= ,,W b'= 238 _
6 7" `M 8,3
.  -N6 ;6 9H  %  c dE#  " B, `M e?] ;5
,, %,,W 7$ ' b:E,= B = R 2,W 7$ ' -M,  : 238 _
6 MH (12
214
214
82 Pb

218
218
84 Po

t1/2
3,1 min

t1/2
= 3,8 j

222
222
86 Rn
gaz
radon

t1/2 = 27 min
-

214
214
83 Bi

210
214
82 Pb

t1/2
= 20 min

214
218
84 Po

t1/2
= 160 s

: 9:!

m(p) =1,0027u : 4  ,

t1/2
= 22 ans

m(n) = 1,00866 u : 4 ,

210
214
83

206
214
82 Pb

12 !"

t1/2 = 1600
ans

m( Bi) = 213,998691 u
m( Pb) = 213,995176 u
masse lectron = 5,49 .10-4u
1u = 931,5 MeV .C-2
1eV = 1,6.10-13J

Bi

  Pb

   

226
226
86 Ra

238
238
92 U

t1/2 = 4,5
milliards

Bi (214) %  L

%
> ( R (112
Bi (214) L  B 0 N& QBR (212
0:`= ; NG:
 218 _  B ,=N 0" t1/2 X  $ ( R (312
214 h. 2,W ;"  N: QBR < . .214 h. 222 4( 2,W (! Q, (412
i 9H D!  1 b=, Q O# d e=
 i 0W' _E
  ( ! *'> (22
DKN  %'!  1 -=3= d bl
 1 ? 9"!# j' 9k :,  

/ ; 0EH ;

7" m$ *'> 4 ;>= m  4 ; 0:`= 9H 4( !'= MW 7$ T
. / -". , L  XGS 9"!# &'
XGS MW
214 h. 9"!# j' 9k :, (3
. ;k m  a(t) 9"!# j' NG" 2 <  ,5. 0" 9"!# UN, 4
E @(13
.

;k ,<    ; 8 BR 4( ; (2->' ) W ->' 7" (=," (23
/ G! L
- :, -A== 73= 7" C! 1 ->' ; (33