Methodology

We have distribute the questionnaire on Monday evening in Unikl MFI. At 2.00 pm, we have
printed 30 set of questionnaire at hostel kiosk to be distributed. We have distributed all set of
questionnaire in the Unikl MFI. Firstly, we have walk through resource center and continue at
cafe. About 6 set have been answered by the lecturer. We have alternately reach the student to
give the questionnaire. After that, we have go to in front of the hostel at block B and with this
15 set of questionnaire was done. Then, we have reached student at the MFI mosque and
another 8 set of questionnaire have done there. While our respondent answering the
questionnaire, they have given 10 minutes to complete it. Everything have done smoothly and
all problem faced was solved at that point .About 4.00 p.m, all the questionnaire was done
answered by our respondent.
Literature Review
Find five articles about your topic and list the relevant facts from each one.
1. According to (Andrew Frank March-April 2007)
The main idea about this subject is hybrid vehicle that propels itself using both her
conventional engine & an electric motor.
List facts from the source that support this idea :1. the price of the gallon of the gas tripled and higher cost brought to light an interent
problem of using internal combustion engine in car in efficiency.
2. deliver high power to the wheels when required and also, when the car needed to
be slowed, to transform the kinetic engine of motion into electricity for changing
the battery.
3. the California Air Resource Board realized that possible to build zero-emission
cars powered only with electricity from the power gird using good electrochemical
battery.
4. that engine is employed only to generate electricity which is then used to charge
the battery and to power one or more electric motor coupled to the wheels.
5. plug-in hybrids also need high-power electric motors and controllers. This motors
can used todays microcomputer controllers and with special semi conductor
switches that are of handling many amps of current at hight voltage levels.

In conclusion Andrew Frank says to use a single electric motor coupled with a simple
transmission that linus both internal combustion directly to the wheels which is termed
a parrallel hybrid configuration.
2. Another idea, by (Kelvin Bullis)(30.9.2008) is free-piston engines cauld be used to
generate electricity as efficiently as and less expensive than, fuel cells.
1. no mechanical connection between the piston and a crankshoft, it improved
combustion and less friction.
2. free piston engine dont required expensive material.
3. auto makers have started to investigate the possibly of using such.
4. piston equipped with rows of magnet that shuffle past the coil to create electric.
5. optimised for different fuels.
In conclusion professor of mechanical MIT, John Howard sayd theres been enough
developement to say that it works. But with very different engine geometries. It is hard
to work out just how good it is.
3. A third writer, Chad Compell & colleagues Apr 2011 state that a system for integrating
and electrical motor with a gas engine and the optimum selection of the motor and
engine in electrical proportion system.
1. to main choices for hybrid system. A series and parrallel system.
2. series hybrid propulsion system power directly by electric motor to the propeler
shofter.
3. efficiencies in this system are gained by the fact that the turbine need to run not
continuosly it run only at its most efficient. A simple walking of this example is in
737NG called wheel tug only use when air craft is ready to take off.
4. Parrallel hybrid system warn in conjuction with the turbine to spin the prepeller.
5. Electric motor is moderate parrallel with engine and propeller to ask some power.
6. It can be consider full hyhbrid or a power assist hybrid. It can run using hybrid in
short time or providing a boost in power during certain phases of fligt. The excess
power asc to recharge battery.

The third author concludes that an optimum hybrid-electric system was this signal for turboprip air craft. The hybrid system however has less pollutant effects in the near feature.
4. A forth source, Boeing (Dec 2014) states that liquid fuel natural gas offers improved
fuel efficiency reduced emission and potential fuel cost benefits compared to
traditional aviation fuels.
1. through partnership with general electric and others, they currently studying to
concept subar voirs min by hybrid electric sugar freezer power by liquid fied natural
gas.
2. Hybrid electric engine technology could improved fuel infection and noise.
3. Allow the aircraft to use electric for the typical short range while keeping fuel low.
4. Sugar freeze study shows that liquidfied natural gass similar result.
5. Sugar voirs used a hybrid electric propution system that can improve fuel common
noise green house gas.
This author conclude that Boeing is developing innovative solution and technologies
to meet environment for its customers and the industry.

5.Yet another idea form graham chin 10.9.2015 is that proton a malaysia already apply hybrid
concept into its new compact car. It was displayed in South Korea and raise international
greentech and eco product exhition and conference (IGEN).
1. Fact use permanent manager ac synchronous electric motor to power the car.
2. Fact use LG-develop 39.6kmw/lithinium-ion polymer battery allows a 0-100km/less than 9
second
3. Fact follows some concept with tesla model, the under floor mounted battery it appears to
have been micked off a third gen toyota prius.
4. Fact the spec list sheet is a fifteen hw fast charging and a 6.6hw normal charging system.
This another concludes that IRIS EV had a better range than Nissan LENF (240KM VS
200KM touted by the later), an impressive figure considering that the car weight int 1,380kG
195kg heavier than the standard IRIS 1.6 Premium cut (1185kg).