0212016 MastringPhysies: MP Homework 3 Fast vs. Slow Tire Pumping Imagine the following design for a simple tire pump. The pump is filed with a volume Vj of air at atmospheric pressure p, and ambient temperature T.. When you push the pump handle, the air is compressed to a new (smaller) volume Ve , raising its pressure. A valve is then opened, allowing air to flow from the pump into the tire until the remaining air in the pump reaches the pressure of the air in the tire, Dy. In this problem, you will consider whether you can get more aii into the tire per pump cycle by pushing the pump handle quickly or slowly. ‘We will make the following simplifying assumptions + The pressure of the air in the tre, 7, does not change significantly as air flows into the tire from the pump. + The temperature of the air in the pump does not change significantly while air is flowing into the tire (i.e, this is an isothermal process). + The airis mainly composed of diatomic molecules with = 1.40, Part A First imagine that you push the pump handle quickly, so that the compression of air in the pump occurs adiabatically. Find the absolute temperature 7} of the air inside the pump after a rapid compression from volume Vi to volume Ve, assuming an ambient temperature of T,. Express your answer in terms of T;, Vi, Ve, and ~y Hint 1. Properties of an adiabatic process For an adiabatic process the product pV” is constant. Using the ideal gas law, you can derive the equivalent condition that the product TV7~" is constant throughout the adiabatic process. ANSWER: Part B ‘Once the tire and pump pressures have equilbrated at p,, what traction fof the gas particles intially in the pump will have ended up in the tire? Express the fraction in terms of p,, p,, Vi, Vi, and +. The temperatures T, and T; should not appear in your answer. Hint 1, How to approach the problem Find an expression for the number of particles in the pump initially ( Nj) and another for the number in the pump after the pump and tire have come into pressure equilibrium ( IV; ). Use these to determine the fraction of the particles in the pump that are transferred into the tire p= Mee NM x 1 “ypeseting math: 100% hpsusession mastoringptysics.camimyetiter View vaw=rintkassignm enrol om ID =705S0003 180212016 -MastoringPrysies: MP Homework 3 Hint 2. Find an expression for the number of particles in a gas Using the ideal gas law, find an expression for the number of particles IV in a gas at pressure p, volume V, and temperature T Use kp for Boltzmann's constant. ANSWER: ye 2. N° jor Hint 3. Find Ne /Nj What is the ratio of the number of particles in the pump after it comes into pressure equilibrium with the tire to the number of gas particles initially in the pump (before pushing the handle)? Express the ratio in terms of p,, p, Vi, Vj, and +, The temperatures T, and 7; should not appear in your answer. Hint 4, Find the initial number of particles in the pump How many gas particles Nj were in the pump initially? Express your answer in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction and Boltzmann's constant kp. ANSWER: Hint 2. Find the final number of particles in the pump How many gas particles Ns are in the pump after the pump and tire have equilibrated? Introduction and Boltzmann's Express your answer in terms of quantities given in the proble constant ky. T; should not appear in your answer. Hint 1. Some helpful quantities a1 “yt Recall that the final pressure is py and the temperature continues to be T's (¢) ANSWER: ANSWER: Typeseting math: 100% hpsusession mastoringptysics.camimyctter View vaw=printkassignm enrol om ID =705S00030212016 ‘MastoringPhysies: MP Homework 3 Pst Pave Part C Now imagine that you push the pump handle slowly, so that the compression of air in the pump occurs isothermally. Find the absolute temperature Ty of the air inside the pump assuming an ambient temperature of Ts Hint 1. Properties of an isothermal process Isothermal means “at constant temperature.” ANSWER: [m= % | Part D ‘Once the tire and pump pressures have equilibrated at p,, what fraction f of the gas particles initially in the pump will have ‘ended up in the tire? Express the fraction in terms of p,, p,, Vi. Vi, and 7. The temperatures T, and T; should not appear in your Hint 1, How to approach the problem Find an expression for the number of particles in the pump initially ( Nj) and another for the number in the pump after the pump and tire have come into pressure equilibrium ( JV; ). Use these to determine the fraction of the particles in the pump that are transferred into the tire fo My Hint 2, Find an expression for the number of particles in a gas Using the ideal gas law, find an expression for the number of particles IV in a gas at pressure p, volume V, and temperature T. Typeseting math: 100% kmann's constant, hntpeuisession masteringphysies.comimycitem View New: nassignmontrcttemiI0=70550008, 360212016 -MastoringPrysies: MP Homework 3 ANSWER: pv ah Hint 3. Find Ny / Ni What is the ratio of the number of particles in the pump after it comes into pressure equilibrium with the tire to the number of gas particles initially in the pump (before pushing the handle)? Express the ratio in terms of P,P,» Vi. Vis and 4. The temperatures ‘7, and 7; should not appear in your answer. Hint 4. Find the initial number of particles in the pump. How many gas particles IV; were in the pump initially? Express your answer in terms of quanti constant kp. ANSWER: 1s given in the problem introduction and Boltzmann's Hint 2. Find the final number of particles in the pump How many gas particles Nr are in the pump after the pump and tire have equilibrated? Express your answer in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction and Boltzmann's constant ky. T; should not appear in your answer, ANSWER: ANSWER: Vy fo logy, | Co! “ypeseting math: 100% hpsusession mastorngptysics.camimyctter View vaw=printkassignm enrol om ID =705S0003so212016 MastoringPhysies: MP Homework 3 PartE ‘Assume that p, = 3p, and Vi = Vi/6. Which method, fast pumping (adiabatic process) or slow pumping (isothermal process) will puta larger amount of air into the tire per pump cycle? Hint 4. Adiabatic process What is the numerical value of f for the fast (adiabatic) process? Express your answer numerically, to two significant figures. ANSWER: f= 075 Hint 2. Isothermal process What is the numerical value of f for the slow (isothermal) process? Express your answer numerically, to two significant figures. ANSWER: f= 0.60 ANSWE! © fast pumping slow pumping Correct So when you pump quickly, not only do you get more pump cycles per unit time, but you also put more air in the tire per cycle (at least according to this simplified model). Of course you have to pump not only faster but also harder, since the average pressure you will pump against will be higher. In fact this higher pressure is the main reason that ‘more particles are transferred to the tire each time, “ypeseting math: 100% hpsusession mastoringorysics.camimycttem View vaw=rintkassignm enrol om ID =705S0003