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xG Technology, Inc.
7771 West Oakland Park Blvd.
Suite 231
Sunrise, FL 33351
www.xgtechnology.com
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CURRENT SITUATION .............................................................................................................................................. 3
XMAX MOBILE VOICE AND DATA OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 4
XMAX NETWORK COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................................ 4
KEY XMAX CAPABILITIES AND SUPPORTING FEATURES ......................................................................................... 5
CAPABILITY: INTEGRATED IP-BASED CELLULAR NETWORK FOR VOICE, DATA, CHAT AND VIDEO .................................................. 5
Supporting xMax Feature: End-to-end IP architecture and shared spectrum optimization ........................... 5
CAPABILITY: COGNITIVE OPERATION INCLUDING DSA AND INTERFERENCE MITIGATION ........................................................... 6
Supporting xMax Feature: Advanced cognitive sensing, signal and multi-spatial processing ....................... 6
CAPABILITY: EXTENDED RANGE, RELIABILITY AND THROUGHPUT WITH LOW POWER CONSUMPTION .......................................... 6
Supporting xMax Feature: Advanced antenna, PHY layer and software radio design ................................... 6
CAPABILITY: INTERFERENCE TOLERANCE, FREQUENCY REUSE AND HIGH LINK RELIABILITY ......................................................... 7
Supporting xMax Feature: MIMO, powerful DSP processing and advanced software design ....................... 7
CAPABILITY: XMAX SUPPORTS COTS END USER DEVICES .................................................................................................. 8
Supporting xMax Feature: xMod protocol bridge ........................................................................................... 8
CAPABILITY: NETWORK SCALABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 9
Supporting xMax Feature: xAP clusters, transmit/receive synchronization and DSA .................................... 9
SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
ABOUT XG TECHNOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 10
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
Current Situation
Wireless operators today are facing a dilemma. Customers are demanding more and more data applications to
be delivered on the go. However, the operator is using scarce expensive licensed spectrum that is
overburdened with delivering core voice services. Support for voice, data, location awareness, chat and other
applications are required for customers that are very mobile. The operator is facing a choice of acquiring
more licensed spectrum (if any is available) or losing customers due to demand for advanced services. xG
Technology has a solution to this dilemma of overwhelming demand for advanced applications versus lack of
spectrum.
xG Technology is developing an affordable mobile voice and data cellular system that operates in free
unlicensed bands using what is known as cognitive radio technology. Using cognitive (i.e., smart) radios and
advanced system and signal processing capabilities, the xG system makes unlicensed spectrum
communications as reliable as licensed band communications. This is made possible by effectively mitigating
the interference in the congested and chaotic unlicensed bands. Another advantage of xGs cognitive radio
approach is the reduction of the RF engineering the operator needs to deploy and maintain the system. A third
benefit of this system is the ability to reuse all the engineering going into smartphones, tablets and laptops
today. The xG system is designed to support these devices through a physical or WiFi connection. Finally, the
xG system is all-IP protocol based so that it can utilize COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) infrastructure
components for network connectivity, standard applications and established management interfaces.
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
The xMax mobile cellular solution leverages a standard cellular architecture with some notable
enhancements. The following are the major components of the system:
xMod: the xMod is a small radio that bridges the COTS end user device to the
wideband transport layer of the xMax system. Devices may be physically
tethered or connected via secure WiFi links to the xMod. The xMod can deliver
up to 1 to 2 Mbps to the connected end user device(s) under real world
conditions
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
xAP: the xAP acts as a compact, high-performance base station and wirelessly
connects to the xMod using the xMax cognitive networking waveform. Each xAP
can deliver up to 2 Mbps of total user bandwidth to its associated xMods. xAPs
may be deployed individually or in clusters of up to 9 xAPs to increase total
throughput.
xMSC: the xMSC acts as both a base station controller and aggregation point for the connected
xAPs. It performs routing and security functions, as well as proprietary mobile VoIP optimization
and compression. The xMSC is typically connected to the worldwide Internet and one or more
VoIP soft switches.
All the components of the xMax system are IP based. COTS routers and switches are used as network
components. The xMax xAP supports both Ethernet and Fiber interfaces. Voice is transported as
mobile-optimized Voice over IP (VoIP), enabling the entire system to operate as a data packet network
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
but with full voice calling features. Standard SIP signaling supports integrated COTS voice switches
and gateways, or an external (cloud-based) switch/gateway service may be utilized.
The air interface between the xMod and xAP is an advanced Physical Layer (PHY) featuring OFDM
modulation and MIMO transmit and receive. This interface, combined with other xG innovations, was
optimized to provide licensed quality service in free, unlicensed spectrum. Since this is a shared
spectrum resource, implementing interference immunity and spectral efficiency was paramount for
commercial applications.
Capability: Extended range, reliability and throughput with low power consumption
xMax uses a state-of-the-art Physical Layer implementation that maximizes range and reliability while
minimizing power consumption. The system continually self-adjusts to optimize the wireless communications
link. It was also designed so that end users and network infrastructure are capable of high mobility. The
patented technologies incorporated to support these capabilities also enable xMax to minimize power
consumption and maximize battery life while maintaining robust and secure connectivity.
Supporting xMax Feature: Advanced antenna, PHY layer and software radio design
The xMax PHY layer is designed with a proprietary 2x4 (two transmitters, four receivers per link)
multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna and radio configuration. This MIMO system enables
longer range, higher throughput and is a key enabler of the xMax interference mitigation technology.
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) and multi-spatial receive diversity is utilized over the 4
receivers/antennas to provide over 5 dB gain over non-MRC receivers.
The system uses orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) which is found in other state-ofthe-art wireless systems such as LTE, WiMAX, WiFi and other 4G+ solutions. The OFDM carrier spacing
and channel bandwidth are designed so that end user mobility is supported to over 65 mph. The xMax
system utilizes proprietary long OFDM symbols, which allow longer cyclic prefixes. This results in low
overhead and high usable throughput (as a percentage of total over the air bandwidth). The long prefix
design increases immunity to multipath interference found in harsh terrain and urban canyons.
The xMax PHY supports adaptive modulation with BPSK, QPSK, QAM16 and QAM64 modes that allow
the system to dynamically self-configure for the optimal combination of range, throughput and
interference rejection.
This combination of capabilities enables increased performance under dynamic conditions, in addition
to minimizing power consumption for extended battery life and remote operation.
The xMax system employs a new and powerful parallel processing DSP/CPU unit that supports speeds
up to 50 GOPS (billion operations per second) for signal processing. This capable processor, combined
with the 2x4 MIMO antenna configurations, enables the xMax system to use patent-pending spatial
processing software to remove unwanted interference from the target signal. Each xMax cognitive
radio can simultaneously mitigate interference from up to 24 mobile sources of interference or
jamming.
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
xMod
Wi-Fi
network or
USB tether
The xMod is a WiFi (or USB tether) to xMax protocol bridge. Using an
advanced signal processor, xMod provides the DSA and interference
mitigation capabilities of the xMax wideband transport layer at the
network edge. This approach not only makes the system device agnostic,
but also operating system OS agnostic as well. The xMod supports
voice, data, video, chat and other applications on any WiFi or USB
capable device.
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
Network node capacity can be scaled from one xAP (up to 2 Mbps) up to a cluster of 16 co-located
xAPs (32 Mbps). All xMax xAPs are time synchronized either by GPS or NTP. This enables co-location of
multiple xAPs and the ability to use all available channels without causing adjacent channel
interference, unlike non-synchronized systems. All radios transmit and then receive in unison, which
reduces or eliminates self-interference in the network. This enables xMax to utilize 100% of available
channel capacity within the network. The xAPs scan and use the best channels out of the pool of over
16 channels in release 3.0, with more spectrum bands can be added in future releases. Each radio does
this continuously and automatically to maximize throughput.
Having 16 accessible channels allows neighboring network nodes (made up of one or more xAPs) to
utilize non-interfering channels automatically. This allows the system to grow and scale easily without
redesigning the network RF plan each time a device moves or when xAPs or users are added or
removed from the network.
Summary
The xMax cognitive radio cellular system from xG Technology represents a complete, scalable mobile
wideband solution that is capable of supporting a wide range of smartphones, tablets, netbooks and other
end-user devices. The coverage and capacity of the network can be tailored to the market and business model
at hand and can be rapidly reconfigured to support new or expanded applications or territories.
The system has been deployed and demonstrated in disparate settings including a military environment at
Fort Bliss and at rural cellular operator sites in Florida and Arkansas. This flexibility to serve disparate markets
stems from the xG Technology affordable and rapidly deployable all-IP architecture.
While xMax incorporates several state-of-the-art and proprietary technologies such as dynamic spectrum
access and multi-spatial interference mitigation, it also leverages COTS end user devices including 3G and 4G
smartphones, tablets, netbooks, etc. These advanced features increase operational and deployment flexibility
xG White Paper: xMax OverviewApplications, Technology and Benefits for Wireless Operators
while also improving the utilization of scarce spectrum resources. xMaxs cognitive networking technology is
frequency agnostic and can be adapted to a wide array of TV white spaces, unlicensed and licensed frequency
bands.
The xMax systems cognitive networking capability allows it to dynamically access and optimize available
spectrum resources, while also enabling it to optimize its own RF plan. Future software releases will enable an
automatically self-organizing network (SON) in direct support of xMaxs operation as a mobile ad hoc network
(MANET and MESH).
Finally, its end-to-end IP network architecture supports mobile voice, wideband data, real time video, chat and
other apps over a single integrated network, unlike typical 3G and 4G networks that require separate voice
and data network equipment and transport layers.
For all these reasons, operators seeking to enter the mobile business either domestically or internationally will
find that xMax represents a practical and attractive technical solution.
About xG Technology
xG Technology is a leading developer of innovative and disruptive communications technologies for wireless
networks. Its extensive patented intellectual property portfolio covers a broad range of applications including
cognitive radio networks. The company has commercialized some of these technologies to create xMax, the
worlds first carrier-class cognitive radio network.
xMaxs standards-based IP architecture minimizes network deployment, management and operational costs
while simplifying the delivery of fixed and mobile services. Using field-proven cognitive radio technology, xMax
enables the delivery of mobile services in both licensed and unlicensed bands.
xMax offers unique capabilities to enterprises, utilities, government agencies and others who require
advanced wireless communications to support business operations and mission critical applications.
xG Technology offers turnkey xMax network solutions including base stations, mobile switching centers,
network management systems, deployment tools, handsets and customer support.
xG has deployed four networks in the field that showcase xMaxs cognitive radio, mobile VoIP, and dynamic
interference mitigation capabilities. These include a trial network at the US Armys base at Fort Bliss, Texas
and White Sands Missile Range; two rural deployment trial networks with Townes Tele-Communications, Inc.;
and a 32 square mile urban/suburban xMax network in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Based in Florida, xG Technology has 60 US and more than 120 international patents and pending patent
applications. For more information, please visit www.xgtechnology.com.
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