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W.Lindert
Know-How in Motion
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Know-How in Motion
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Know-How in Motion
Induction Hardening
Summary
The principle of inductive hardening
Material for inductive hardening, and which hardness is
reachable.
Practice and design requirement
Quality assurance
Conclusion
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SHD
Heat conduction
Temperature
ZTA/TTH
t
AC3
AC1
homogeneous
Austenite
inhomogeneous
Log t
Temperature
ZTU/TTT
F
P
A
AC3
AC2
B
MS
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Log t
If alternating
current will be
electric connected,
then the polarity of
the magnetic field
will continuously
change.
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i0
1
e
i X = i 0e
-X
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What are the best material conditions for the inductive hardening?
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Design Requirement
Good design
Overheating
Hardness cracks
Profile too thin
Diverse wall
thickness distortion
The heat dont
reach the bottom
of the cut
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Design Requirement
Good design
b
a
b
c
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Alternating
Current
Inductor
Quenching
shower
Current generator
work piece - inductor
Hardened suface
layer (T>AC3) Heated suface layer
Source: EFD Induction GmbH
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Infrared camera
with warning
system
Relative movement
work piece - inductor
Alternating
Current
workpiece
Inductor
Quenching
shower
Rotation work piece
Current generator
work piece - inductor
Skin depth
< RHT < influence zone of heat
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Hardened suface
layer (T>AC3)
Heated suface layer
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Inductive hardening of a
shaft spline system
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Quality assurance
First sampling after inductive hardening
Surface hardness according ISO 15787 (HV)
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Quality assurance
First sampling after inductive hardening
Surface hardness according ISO 15787 (HRN)
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Quality assurance
First sampling after inductive hardening
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Quality assurance
First sampling after inductive hardening
Effective depth of inductive
hardening
hardness (HV1)
Load: 1Kg
= Core hardness
= limit. hardness (80% of the
expected suface hardness)
= Cross point limit.Hardness/
gradient
= effective depth of inductive
hardening (RHT)
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Quality assurance
Failure Examination
Failure
Adjustment of water
pressure
Bores of the shower /
angle of the nozzles
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Possible containment
action
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Speed of feed
Speed of rotation
Quality assurance
Failure Examination
Failure
A one-sided hardening
was made. The workpiece
didnt run centrically
Possible containment
action
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Quality assurance
Failure Examination
Failure
Possible containment
action
Possible Overheating by
cavities under the surface
or by thin-walled
geometry
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Quality assurance
Failure Examination
Failure
Possible containment
action
The austentizing
temperature was too high
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Conclusion
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