Relative Motion Analysis and Differentiation of Geometrical Constraints

Section 2.7

Problems
Problem 2.217

Reference frame A is translating relative to reference frame B. Both frames track the
motion of a particle C . If at one instant the velocity of particle C is the same in the two
frames, what can you infer about the motion of frames A and B at that instant?

Problem 2.218

Reference frame A is translating relative to reference frame B with velocity vEA=B and
acceleration aEA=B . A particle C appears to be stationary relative to frame A. What can
you say about the velocity and acceleration of particle C relative to frame B?

Problem 2.219

Reference frame A is translating relative to reference frame B with constant velocity

vEA=B . A particle C appears to be in uniform rectilinear motion relative to frame A. What
can you say about the motion of particle C relative to frame B?

Problem 2.220

A skier is going down a slope with moguls. Let the skis be short enough for us to assume
that the skiers feet are tracking the moguls profile. Then, if the skier is skilled enough
to maintain her hips on a straight-line trajectory and vertically aligned over her feet,
determine the velocity and acceleration of her hips relative to her feet when her speed is
equal to 15 km=h. For the profile of the moguls, use the formula y.x/ D hI
0:15x C
0:125 sin.x=2/ m, where hI is the elevation at which the skier starts the descent.

Figure P2.220

Figure P2.221

3
3

Two particles A and B are moving in a plane with arbitrary velocity vectors vEA and vEB ,
respectively. Letting the rate of separation (ROS) be defined as the component of the
relative velocity vector along the line connecting particles A and B, determine a general
expression for ROS. Express your result in terms of rEB=A D rEB
rEA , where rEA and rEB
are the position vectors of A and B, respectively, relative to some chosen fixed point in
the plane of motion.

Problem 2.221

Problem 2.222

Airplanes A and B are flying along straight lines at the same altitude and with speeds
vA D 660 km=h and vB D 550 km=h, respectively. Determine the speed of A as perceived by B if  D 50 .

Figure P2.222

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Particle Kinematics

Chapter 2

Problem 2.223

Three vehicles A, B, and C are in the positions shown and are moving with the indicated
directions. We define the rate of separation (ROS) of two particles P1 and P2 as the
component of the relative velocity of, say, P2 with respect to P1 in the direction of
the relative position vector of P2 with respect to P1 , which is along the line that connects
the two particles. At the given instant, determine the rates of separation ROSAB and
ROSCB , that is, the rate of separation between A and B and between C and B. Let
vA D 60 mph, vB D 55 mph, and vC D 35 mph. Furthermore, treat the vehicles as
particles and use the dimensions shown in the figure.
Problem 2.224

Car A is moving at a constant speed vA D 75 km=h, while car C is moving at a constant

speed vC D 42 km=h on a circular exit ramp with radius  D 80 m. Determine the
velocity and acceleration of C relative to A.
Problems 2.225 and 2.226
Figure P2.223 and P2.224

During practice, a player P punts a ball B with a speed v0 D 25 ft=s, at an angle  D 60 ,

and at a height h from the ground. Then the player sprints along a straight line and catches
the ball at the same height from the ground at which the ball was initially kicked. The
length d denotes the horizontal distance between the players position at the start of
the sprint and the balls position when the ball leaves the players foot. Also, let
t
denote the time interval between the instant at which the ball leaves the players foot and
the instant at which the player starts sprinting.

Figure P2.225 and P2.226

Assume that d D 0 and
t D 0, and determine the average speed of

the player so that he catches the ball.

Problem 2.225

Assume that d D 3 ft and
t D 0:2 s, and determine the average speed

of the player so that he catches the ball.

Problem 2.226

Problem 2.227

Figure P2.227

A remote controlled boat, capable of a maximum speed of 10 ft=s in still water, is made
to cross a stream with a width w D 35 ft that is flowing with a speed vW D 7 ft=s. If the
boat starts from point O and keeps its orientation parallel to the cross-stream direction,
find the location of point A at which the boat reaches the other bank while moving at its
maximum speed. Furthermore, determine how much time the crossing requires.

Section 2.7

Relative Motion Analysis and Differentiation of Geometrical Constraints

Problem 2.228

A remote controlled boat, capable of a maximum speed of 10 ft=s in still water, is made
to cross a stream of width w D 35 ft that is flowing with a speed vW D 7 ft=s. The boat
is placed in the water at O, and it is intended to arrive at A by using a homing device
that makes the boat always point toward A. Determine the time the boat takes to get to A
and the path it follows. Also, consider a case in which the maximum speed of the boat is
equal to the speed of the current. In such a case, does the boat ever make it to point A?
Hint: To solve the problem, write vEB=W D vB=W uOA=B , where the unit vector uOA=B
always points from the boat to point A and is therefore, a function of time.

Figure P2.228

Problem 2.229

An airplane flying horizontally with a speed vp D 110 km=h relative to the water drops
a crate onto a carrier when vertically over the back end of the ship, which is traveling at
a speed vs D 26 km=h relative to the water. If the airplane drops the crate from a height
h D 20 m, at what distance from the back of the ship will the crate first land on the deck
of the ship?

Figure P2.229 and P2.230

Problem 2.230

An airplane flying horizontally with a speed vp relative to the water drops a crate onto
a carrier when vertically over the back end of the ship, which is traveling at a speed
vs D 32 mph relative to the water. The length of the carriers deck is ` D 1000 ft, and the
drop height is h D 50 ft. Determine the maximum value of vp so that the crate will first
impact within the rear half of the deck.

Problem 2.231

An airplane is initially flying north with a speed v0 D 430 mph relative to the ground,
while the wind has a constant speed vW D 12 mph, forming an angle  D 23 with the
north-south direction. The airplane performs a course change of D 75 eastward while
maintaining a constant reading of the airspeed indicator. Letting vEP =A be the velocity
of the airplane relative to the air and assuming that the airspeed indicator measures the
magnitude of the component of vEP =A in the direction of motion of the airplane, determine
the speed of the airplane relative to the ground after the course correction.

Figure P2.231

Problem 2.232

At the instant shown, block B is sliding over the ground with a velocity vEB while block
A is sliding over block B and has an absolute velocity vEA D
.4 {O C 4 |O/ ft=s. Determine
vEB if  D 30 .
Problem 2.233

At the instant shown, vEB D 5 {O m=s. If  D 25 , determine the speed of A relative to B

in order for A to travel only in the vertical direction while sliding over B.

Figure P2.232 and P2.233

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