Contents

On the Inaugural Volume of My Collected Works

by Pope Benedict XVI

xv

Editors Foreword
by Bishop Gerhard Ludwig Mller

xix

Abbreviations

xxiii
PART A
The Spirit of the Liturgy

Preface
I.

The Essence of the Liturgy

1. Liturgy and Life: The Place of the Liturgy in Reality
2. LiturgyCosmosHistory
3. From Old Testament to New: The Fundamental
Form of the Christian LiturgyIts Determination
by Biblical Faith

5
5
12

Time and Space in the Liturgy

1. The Relationship of the Liturgy to Time and
Space: Some Preliminary Questions
2. Sacred PlacesThe Signicance of the Church
Building
3. The Altar and the Direction of Liturgical Prayer
4. The Reservation of the Blessed Sacrament
5. Sacred Time

31

III.

Art and Liturgy

1. The Question of Images
2. Music and Liturgy

70
70
84

IV.

Liturgical Form
1. Rite
2. The Body and the Liturgy
a. Active Participation
b. The Sign of the Cross

II.

20

31
37
44
52
56

98
98
106
106
110

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
V.

Posture
a. Kneeling/Prostratio
b. Standing and SittingLiturgy and Culture
Gestures
The Human Voice
Vestments
Matter

Bibliography

115
115
122
128
131
137
140
144

PART B
TyposMysteriumSacramentum
I.

II.

The Sacramental Foundation of Christian Existence

1. Preliminary Considerations: The Crisis of the
Sacramental Idea in Modern Consciousness
2. The Sacramental Idea in Human History
3. The Christian Sacraments
4. The Meaning of the Sacraments Today

153

On the Concept of Sacrament

169

153
155
160
164

PART C
The Celebration of the Eucharist
Source and Summit of Christian Life
I.

II.

On the Meaning of Sunday for Christian Prayer

and Christian Life
1. What Is the Issue Here?
2. The Theology of the Lords Day
3. Sabbath and Sunday
a. The Problem
b. The Theology of the Sabbath
c. The Christian Synthesis
4. Applications
a. Priestless Sunday Services
b. Weekend Culture and the Christian Sunday

187
187
190
193
193
197
199
201
202
205

Is the Eucharist a Sacrice?

1. Framing the Question: Luthers Concern

207
207

2.

III.

The New Testament Witness

a. The Texts
b. The Marcan Type: Old Testament Theology
of Sacrice
c. The Pauline Type: Prophetic Critique
of Worship
d. The Common Center: The Idea of Vicarious
Substitution
e. Making the Sacrice Present

The Problem of Transubstantiation and the Question

about the Meaning of the Eucharist
1. The Background to the Formulation of the
Question: The Protestant Objection
a. Calvin
b. Luther
2. The Present State of the Question
a. The Philosophical Problem of
Transubstantiation
b. The Theological Meaning of the Assertion

210
210
211
212
213
215

218
220
221
224
231
232
238

Book Reviews
a. Of: Edward Schillebeeckx, Die eucharistische
Gegenwart, 1967
b. Of: Wilhelm Averbeck, Der Opfercharakter des Abendmahls in der neueren evangelischen Theologie, 1967

246

IV.

249

The EucharistHeart of the Church

Foreword
1.
2.
3.
4.

V.

The Origin of the Eucharist in the Paschal Mystery

The Eucharist: Heart of the Church
The Proper Celebration of the Holy Eucharist
The Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharistic
Sacrament

Form and Content of the Eucharistic Celebration

1. Problematic: The Category of Form
2. The Growth of the Church and the Development
of the Eucharist

243
243

249
250
260
270
284
299
299
304

VI.

VII.

VIII.

3. The Denitive Form

Postscript 1
Postscript 2

308
311
312

On the Structure of the Liturgical Celebration

1. The Nature of the Liturgical Celebration
2. The Subjective Response to the Objective
Nature of the Liturgy

319
320

Eucharist and Mission

1. Preliminary Thoughts about Eucharist
and Mission
2. The Theology of the Cross as the Presupposition
and Basis of Eucharistic Theology
3. Eucharistic Theology in the First Letter to the
Corinthians
a. 1 Corinthians 5:6: The Christian Pascha
b. 1 Corinthians 6:1219: Uniting Oneself
to the Lord
c. 1 Corinthians 10:122: One Body
with Christ, but without Any Magical
Guarantee of Salvation
d. 1 Corinthians 11:1733: The Institution of the
Eucharist and the Right Way to Celebrate It
4. Martyrdom, Christian Life, and Apostolic Service
as Ways of Living out the Eucharist
a. Martyrdom as a Way in Which the Christian
Can Become a Eucharist
b. Worship Consistent with the Logos
Christian Living as a Eucharist
c. Mission as Service in the Cosmic Liturgy
5. Concluding Reections: The Eucharist as the
Source of Mission

330

EucharistCommunioSolidarity
1. Eucharist
2. Communio
3. Solidarity
4. Perspective: The Eucharist as the Sacrament
of Transformations

324

330
333
337
337
338

340
341
346
347
349
351
353
355
356
358
364
368

IX.

X.

XI.

Built from Living Stones: The House of God

and the Christian Way of Worshipping God
1. The Biblical Message about the Temple Made
from Living Stones
a. Old Testament Roots
b. New Testament Fulllment
2. What Prompted the Building of Christian
Churches?
3. Consequences for Today
On the Question of the Orientation of the
Celebration
1. Note on the Question of the Orientation of
the Celebration
2. Foreword to Uwe Michael Lang, Turning
towards the Lord: Orientation in Liturgical Prayer,
2004
Homilies
1. On the Question of the Adoration of the
Eucharist and Its Sacredness
2. The Lord Is Near Us in Our Conscience, in His
Word, in His Personal Presence in the Eucharist,
on Deuteronomy 4:7
3. Standing before the LordWalking with the
LordKneeling before the Lord: Celebrating
Corpus Christi
Standing before the Lord
Walking with the Lord
Kneeling before the Lord
4. What Corpus Christi Means to Me: Three
Meditations

371
371
373
374
378
382

388
388

393
396
396

402

405
405
408
409
410

PART D
Theology of Church Music
I.

On the Theological Basis of Church Music

1. Introduction: Some Aspects of the Postconciliar
Dispute with Regard to Church Music

421
421

2.

3.

II.

III.

Church Music as a Theological Problem in the

Work of Thomas Aquinas and in the Authorities
He Cites
a. Theologys Auctoritates Question the Value
of Church Music
b. Issues Underlying the Theological Critique
of Music
c. The Theological Basis of Church Music
d. The Positive Signicance of the Theological
Critique of Music
Conclusion: Governing Principles in This Time
of Crisis

The Image of the World and of Man in the Liturgy

and Its Expression in Church Music
1. Surpassing the Council? A New Conception
of Liturgy
2. The Philosophical Basis of the Concept and Its
Questionable Aspects
3. The Anthropological Model of the Churchs
Liturgy
4. Consequences for Liturgical Music
a. Fundamentals
b. Comments on the Present Situation
5. A Final Word: Liturgy, Music, and Cosmos
In the Presence of the Angels I Will Sing Your
Praise: The Regensburg Tradition and the Reform
of the Liturgy
1. Earthly and Heavenly Liturgy: The View
of the Fathers
2. Highlighting the Postconciliar Dispute
on the Liturgy
3. On the Essence of Liturgy and the Criteria
of Reform
4. Foundation and Role of Music in Worship
5. Choir and Congregation: The Question
of Language
6. Specic Questions: SanctusBenedictusAgnus Dei

424
425
427
433
436
439

443
444
447
452
455
455
458
460

461
461
463
465
470
472
474

IV.

V.

The Artistic Transposition of the Faith: Theological

Problems of Church Music
1. The Panorama of Problems
2. The Foundations of Church Music in the Nature
of Liturgy
Sing Artistically for God: Biblical Directives
for Church Music
1. Preliminary Remarks on the Situation of Church
and Culture
2. A Psalm Verse as Mirror of the Biblical Directives
for Music in Worship
3. On the Adoption of the Biblical Directives
in the Liturgical Life of the Church
4. Consequences for Today
a. Against Aestheticism as an End in Itself
b. Against Pastoral Pragmatism as an End in Itself
c. Openness to Tomorrow in the Continuity
of Faith

VI. Professional Church Music as Liturgical

and Pastoral Ministry

480
481
488

494
494
496
504
506
506
507
510

512

PART E
Further Perspectives
I.
II.

III.

Change and Permanence in Liturgy: Questions

to Joseph Ratzinger

519

Worship in the Parish Communities Fifteen Years after

the Council: A Sermon Delivered to the Bishops
Conference in Fulda

531

In Memory of Klaus Gamber

536

Discussion of The Spirit of the Liturgy

539

IV.

541
541
542
549

The Theology of the Liturgy

1. The Denition of the Liturgy in Vatican II
2. The Current Debate about the Problem of Sacrice
3. A Theology of Sacrice and of Liturgy

V.

VI.
VII.

VIII.
IX.

Assessment and Future Prospects

1. The Spiritual and Historical Components
of the Liturgical Movement
2. The Problem of Roman Rites within the Roman
Rite
3. The Reform of the Reform
4. The Future of the Missal of Saint Pius V

558

Answer to the Open Letter of Olivier Bauer

569

Fortieth Anniversary of the Constitution on the

Sacred Liturgy: A Look Back and a Look Forward
1. It Happened Forty Years Ago
2. The Denition of the Nature of the Liturgy
in the Conciliar Document
3. The Basic Categories of the Reform:
IntelligibilityParticipationSimplicity

558
562
564
566

574
574
576
582

The Organic Development of the Liturgy

589

Rouse Your Power and Come: Advent Sermon

in the Cathedral of Trier, December 4, 2003

595

APPENDICES
Editorial Notes

603

Bibliographical Notes

615

Index of Scripture Passages

625

Index of Names

631