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Q
150 W
Lamp
150 W
As D 2 (8 cm) 2 201.1 cm 2
q s
Q
150 W
(c) The amount and cost of electrical energy consumed during a one-year period is
Electricity Consumption Q t (015
. kW)(365 8 h / yr) 438 kWh / yr
Annual Cost = (438 kWh / yr)($0.08 / kWh) $35.04 / yr
1-62 The inner and outer surfaces of a brick wall are maintained at specified temperatures. The
rate of heat transfer through the wall is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist since the surface temperatures of the wall
remain constant at the specified values. 2 Thermal properties of the wall are constant.
Properties The thermal conductivity of the wall is given to be k = 0.69 W/mC.
Brick
Analysis Under steady conditions, the rate of heat transfer through the wall is
wall
(20 5)C
T
Q
(0.69W/m C)(5 6 m 2 )
1035 W
cond kA
L
0.3m
0.3 m
30 cm
20C
1-85 A transistor mounted on a circuit board is cooled by air flowing over it. The transistor case
temperature is not to exceed 70C when the air temperature is 55C. The amount of power this
transistor can dissipate safely is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Heat transfer by radiation is disregarded. 3
The convection heat transfer coefficient is constant and uniform over the surface. 4 Heat transfer
from the base of the transistor is negligible.
Analysis Disregarding the base area, the total heat transfer area of the transistor is
As DL D 2 / 4 (0.6 cm)(0.4 cm) (0.6 cm ) 2 / 4 1.037 cm 2 1.037 10 4 m 2
5C
Air,
55C
Then the rate of heat transfer from the power transistor at specified conditions is
hA (T T ) (30 W/m 2 .C)(1.037 10 -4 m 2 )(70 55)C 0.047 W
Q
s
s
Power
transist
or
where
2
2
Q
conv hAs T (35 W/m K)(0.02 m )(T s 293 K) 0.7(T s 293 K) W
and
4
4
2
8
Q
W/m 2 K 4 )[Ts4 (293K) 4 ]
rad As (T s To ) 0.6(0.02m )(5.67 10
Substituting,
1000 W 0.7(Ts 293 K ) 0.06804 10 8 [T s4 (293 K) 4 ]
Iron
1000 W