I.

EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION
1. Heat Exchanger E-101
Equipment Specification
Name of Equipment
Heat Exchanger
Code
E-1800
Function
To increase the Fluid temperature of Rich MEG
Amount
1
Type
Shell and Tube
Operating Condition
Unit Data
Shell Side
Tube Side
Fluid
Rich MEG fluid
Therminol-66
Fluid Flow
kg/h 1.680e+06
1.242e+05
Temperature In
C
24.01
100
Temperature Out
C
80.00
68.97
No. of Passes
1
2
cal/ 2.083e+0
Head Duty
U required
Kcal/(h m2 oC) 190
s
5
LMTD
C
30.82
Material
Stainless Steel 3014
Dimension
Type of Unit
Fixed Tube
Number
of
m2
387.8
591
Tubes
Tube
Tube OD
mm 19.05
Triangular
Configuration
Tube Length
m
5.5
TEMA
A-E-S
Shell ID
m
0.79
Baffle Cut
34%
(Source : Authors Documentation)

2. Heat Exchanger E-102

Equipment Specification
Name of Equipment
Code
Function
Amount

Heat Exchanger
E-1860
To increase the Fluid temperature of Rich MEG
1

Type
Shell and Tube
Operating Condition
Unit Data
Shell Side
Fluid
Rich MEG fluid
Fluid Flow
kg/h 6.0e+05
Temperature In
C
160.0
Temperature Out
C
85.17
No. of Passes
1
cal/ 1.958e+0
Head Duty
U required
s
5
LMTD
C
13.71
Dimension
Type of Unit
Fixed Tube
Number
of
Heat Transfer Area
m2
891.2
Tubes
Tube
Tube OD
mm 19.05
Configuration
Tube Length
m
5.5
TEMA
Shell ID
m
0.736
Baffle Cut
(Source : Authors Documentation)

Tube Side
Therminol-66
5.167e+05
80.02
131.3
2
Kcal/(h m2 oC)

190

543
Triangular
A-E-S
34%

II. EQUIPMENT SIZING

A. Heat Exchanger E-101
A procedure for designing Heat Exchanger E-101 will be described as
follows by calculated using TOTAL Toolbox Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
Sizing Tool and Aspen HYSYS Simulation:

Figure A.17. TOTAL Toolbox Sizing Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

1. 1st step & 2nd step; Determine fluid specification

The first step consists in defining how many linear zones are require for heat
exchanger calculation (from 1-5). If there is a phase change, more than one zone
will be required and the exchanger will be provided with one shell only. In order
to design an exchanger with several zone and several shells in the series the user
shall design each zone separately.
Then the flow configuration shall be chosen. The calculation, the
verification, and the graph are updated accordingly. For a heat exchanger with one
pass tube side, the counter current and cocurrent mode can be choses. For a heat
exchanger with two or more pass tube side, the flow configuration is called
multipasses and is considered as counter-current.
In order to complete the definition of the inputs of calculation, the user can
fill the green boxes; inlet and outlet temperature of both fluids, heat duty, and
overall heat transfer coefficient.
Operation condition such as flow rates, terminal temperatures, heat duty and
physical properties are obtained from Aspen Plus simulation.

Figure A.17. Result in Aspen Plus Simulation

(Source: Authors Documentation)

Figure A.18. Process Condition input in Toolbox

(Source: Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Heat Exchange with multipasses tube side and minimum number of shell
(Source : Authors Documentation)

2. 3rd step & 4th step; the LMTD and the temperature correction factor F
Figure A.17. Result in Total Toolbox Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Based on theory, Choose the simple combination of shell and tube passes or
number of shells in series that will have a value of F above 0.8 or so. The
correction factor calculation following:

P=
R=

T oT i
T 'iT i
T iT o
T 'oT 'i

where
Ti
To
Ti
To

= Temperature input on tubeside

= Temperature output on tubeside
= Temperature input on shellside
= Temperature output on shellside

Figure A.18. Correction Factor for 1 Pass-Shellside and Mutiple of Two Passes-Tubeside
(Source : Wallas, 1990)

LMTD (log mean temperature difference), calculated for determine the

differences of mean temperature between hot fluid and cold fluid along heat
exchanger. LMTD can be calculated with this following equation:
T
T
( 1t 2 )
ln
(T 2t 1)
( 1t 2)(T 2t 1)

T m =LMTD=
where
T1 = hot fluid temperature, in
T2 = hot fluid temperature, out
t1 = cold fluid temperature, in
t2 = cold fluid temperature, out
The overall heat transfer coefficient can be assumed according to fluid type
used in heat exchanger. For this heat exchanger, we assume between 172-192
kcal/(h.m2.oC) for Gas (1-7abs) heat exchanger. Assume U = 190 kcal/(h.m2.oC).
Table A.1. Typical Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients

(Source: GPSA Engineering Data Book)

Heat transfer area can be calculate with the following equation:

Q=U . A . T m
3. 5th step & 6th step Determine type, tube size and tube configuration
Figure A.17. Result in Total Toolbox Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Tube size chosen based on available manufacturer size. Standard exchanger

tube diameters are 0.75 or 1 in. OD. The smaller diameter eligible because it
produce dense heat exchanger, so that the cost will be cheaper. Tube thickness
chosen for keep the internal pressure and give enough of corrosion allowance.
We choose 0.75 in (19.5mm). OD for this heat exchanger and tube length
will be chosen by assumption.

The configuration of tube usually consists of triangular, rotated square and

square configuration. Triangular configuration gives higher heat transfer rates than
square configuration so that triangular configuration chosen.

Figure A.19. Tube configuration

There are several following consideration for fluid placement in shell and
tube:
a. Corrosion : the more corrosive fluid should be fixed to tubeside for decreasing
material costs.
b. Fouling : the fluid that have higher fouling should be fixed to tubeside for keep
the fluid velocity. High velocity can reduce fouling.
c. Fluid temperature : if the high fluid needs special material alloy, so that the
fluid must be placed in tube side for reduce overall costs.
d. Operation pressure : the higher flow pressure should be placed in tube. Because
of the small diameter, tube is able to keep high pressure.
e. Viscosity : if the fluid flow is turbulent, higher viscosity fluid should be fixed
to shell for acquiring the greater heat transfer coefficient.
The number of tubes ascertainable by calculate each tube area first. And
then we can calculate the number of tubes from the following equation:
heat transfer surface area
Nt=
each tube surface area
Tube length is normally chosen between 8, 12, 16, or 20 ft. But, we assume
the tube length is 5.5 m is because this equipment would be installed on modular
platform. More length tube will decrease shell diameter, so that the exchanger
costs is cheaper.
With assuming the length of tubes = 5.5 m, tube area is acquired,

N t =591
4. Drawn of Heat Exchanger Design E-101 by HRTI Xchanger Design
Simulator;
In order to complete the definition of the inputs of calculation, the user can
fill the boxes; inlet and outlet temperature of both fluids, heat duty, and overall
heat transfer coefficient as seen as figure below;

Figure A.17. Input Summary in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)
Figure A.17. Input Geometry in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Input Process in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Result of Drawing HE in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Drawing HE 3D Model in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Tube Layout in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

B. Heat Exchanger E-102

A procedure for designing Heat Exchanger E-102 will be described as
follows by calculated using TOTAL Toolbox Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
Sizing Tool and Aspen HYSYS Simulation:

Figure A.17. TOTAL Toolbox Sizing Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

1. 1st step & 2nd step; Determine fluid specification

The first step consists in defining how many linear zones are require for heat
exchanger calculation (from 1-5). If there is a phase change, more than one zone
will be required and the exchanger will be provided with one shell only. In order
to design an exchanger with several zone and several shells in the series the user
shall design each zone separately.
Then the flow configuration shall be chosen. The calculation, the
verification, and the graph are updated accordingly. For a heat exchanger with one
pass tube side, the counter current and cocurrent mode can be choses. For a heat
exchanger with two or more pass tube side, the flow configuration is called
multipasses and is considered as counter-current.

In order to complete the definition of the inputs of calculation, the user can
fill the green boxes; inlet and outlet temperature of both fluids, heat duty, and
overall heat transfer coefficient.
Operation condition such as flow rates, terminal temperatures, heat duty and
physical properties are obtained from Aspen Plus simulation.

Figure A.17. Result in Aspen Plus Simulation

(Source: Authors Documentation)

Figure A.18. Process Condition input in Toolbox

(Source: Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Heat Exchange with multipasses tube side and minimum number of shell
(Source: Authors Documentation)

2. 3rd step & 4th step; the LMTD and the temperature correction factor F

Figure A.17. Result in Total Toolbox Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Based on theory, Choose the simple combination of shell and tube passes or
number of shells in series that will have a value of F above 0.8 or so. The
correction factor calculation following:

P=
R=

T oT i
T 'iT i
T iT o
T 'oT 'i

where
Ti
To
Ti
To

= Temperature input on tubeside

= Temperature output on tubeside
= Temperature input on shellside
= Temperature output on shellside

Figure A.18. Correction Factor for 1 Pass-Shellside and Mutiple of Two Passes-Tubeside
(Source : Wallas, 1990)

LMTD (log mean temperature difference), calculated for determine the

differences of mean temperature between hot fluid and cold fluid along heat
exchanger. LMTD can be calculated with this following equation:
T
T
( 1t 2 )
ln
(T 2t 1)
( 1t 2)(T 2t 1)

T m =LMTD=
where
T1 = hot fluid temperature, in
T2 = hot fluid temperature, out
t1 = cold fluid temperature, in
t2 = cold fluid temperature, out
The overall heat transfer coefficient can be assumed according to fluid type
used in heat exchanger. For this heat exchanger, we assume between 172-192
kcal/(h.m2.oC) for Gas (1-7abs) heat exchanger. Assume U = 190 kcal/(h.m2.oC).
Table A.1. Typical Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients

(Source: GPSA Engineering Data Book)

Heat transfer area can be calculate with the following equation:

Q=U . A . T m
3. 5th step & 6th step Determine type, tube size and tube configuration

Figure A.17. Result in Total Toolbox Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Tube size chosen based on available manufacturer size. Standard exchanger

tube diameters are 0.75 or 1 in. OD. The smaller diameter eligible because it
produce dense heat exchanger, so that the cost will be cheaper. Tube thickness
chosen for keep the internal pressure and give enough of corrosion allowance.
We choose 0.75 in (19.5mm). OD for this heat exchanger and tube length
will be chosen by assumption.

The configuration of tube usually consists of triangular, rotated square and

square configuration. Triangular configuration gives higher heat transfer rates than
square configuration so that triangular configuration chosen.

Figure A.19. Tube configuration

There are several following consideration for fluid placement in shell and
tube:
f. Corrosion : the more corrosive fluid should be fixed to tubeside for decreasing
material costs.
g. Fouling : the fluid that have higher fouling should be fixed to tubeside for keep
the fluid velocity. High velocity can reduce fouling.
h. Fluid temperature : if the high fluid needs special material alloy, so that the
fluid must be placed in tube side for reduce overall costs.
i. Operation pressure : the higher flow pressure should be placed in tube. Because
of the small diameter, tube is able to keep high pressure.
j. Viscosity : if the fluid flow is turbulent, higher viscosity fluid should be fixed
to shell for acquiring the greater heat transfer coefficient.
The number of tubes ascertainable by calculate each tube area first. And
then we can calculate the number of tubes from the following equation:
heat transfer surface area
Nt=
each tube surface area
Tube length is normally chosen between 8, 12, 16, or 20 ft. But, we assume
the tube length is 5.5 m is because this equipment would be installed on modular
platform. More length tube will decrease shell diameter, so that the exchanger
costs is cheaper.
With assuming the length of tubes = 5.5 m, tube area is acquired,
N t =543

4. Drawn of Heat Exchanger Design E-101 by HRTI Xchanger Design

Simulator;
In order to complete the definition of the inputs of calculation, the user can
fill the boxes; inlet and outlet temperature of both fluids, heat duty, and overall
heat transfer coefficient as seen as figure below;

Figure A.17. Input Summary in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Input Geometry in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Input Process in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Result of Drawing HE in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Drawing HE 3D Model in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)

Figure A.17. Tube Layout in HTRI Xchanger Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)